China Fastener World Magazine No.62_Global Version

003 China Fastener World no.62/2021

004 China Fastener World no.62/2021

008 China Fastener World no.62/2021

010 China Fastener World no.62/2021

China Fastener World no.62/2021

011

012 China Fastener World no.62/2021

China Fastener World no.62/2021

013

014 China Fastener World no.62/2021

015 China Fastener World no.62/2021

016 China Fastener World no.62/2021

China Fastener World no.62/2021

017

018 China Fastener World no.62/2021

Technology Article provided by COVENTYA

Do Bolts Require Lubrication?

Millions of various screws are used to connect components every year.

Yet often it is not known, or at least not sufficiently appreciated, that bolts and lubricants are indispensably linked.

The function of a threaded connection is based on its ability to build up pretensioning force between parts to be connected. The applied tightening torque is translated via the thread pitch into the resulting preload force.

Without lubrication, the friction losses of combined head- and threadfriction reach values up to 90%. That means only 10% of the tightening torque is available to apply pretension force. A defined friction value with low variation is an absolutely mandatory product feature for all threaded connections. The mechanical elements, used fastener, and lubricant are parts of a tribological system. Pretensioning force, coefficient of friction, and tightening torque are mathematically connected. Lubrication is the system’s central element. It is important to know that there are many parameters for the tribological system of part and bolts. So while one and only lubricant for all applications is not possible, the best solution can still be found based on a set of selection criteria.

Standard Guideline No. 1: No Threaded Connection Without Lubrication Main issues regarding insufficient lubrication: 1) Pretension Load Out of Spec • This problem may result in leakages (flanges or oil pans) when the used fasteners show different pretensioning force from screw to screw.

• Too low pretensioning force (as a result of too high friction) can trigger self-loosening of screws.

2) Seizure of Threads Seizure of threads can occur during tightening of screws for materials such as austenitic steels or zinc platings this is very likely, while other material combinations show high friction values and high scatter. In the case of bolts made of high-temperature steels, thermal expansion can lead to high specific surface pressures on thread flanks: the yield point is exceeded and welding occurs.

3) Corrosion Water and/or oxidizing gases penetrate the thread area - this causes the screw to seize up due to rust - normal loosening of the connection becomes impossible. Rust formation blocks the thread and make it impossible or much more difficult to dismantle the screw as intended.

4) Cracks, Material Brittleness, Stress Corrosion Cracking, Fretting Corrosion High-strength and heat-resistant screws are susceptible to cracks or stress corrosion, cracking under certain conditions.

The presence of elements such as chlorine, fluorine, sulphur, lead, or aluminium accelerate the effects. Lubricants have to be formulated with metallurgical compatibility in mind.

Fretting corrosion is an extremely effective wear mechanism - parts must be protected with highly-effective specialty lubricants.

5) High Torsional Load During Tightening - Risk of Breakage High friction automatically generates high torsional stress, which can lead to premature screw breakage.

021

China Fastener World no.62/2021

• Too high pretensioning force in combination with dynamic loads could lead to the yield strength of screws being exceeded, with subsequent loss of elasticity leading to breakage.

Technology Standard Guideline No. 2: Fastener Lubrication is a Specialist Issue How to Select the Right Lubricant The following graphic shows the parameters that are crucial to selecting the right lubricant for a given threaded connection. The selection guide is based on tribological system elements, combined with practical experience and knowledge of the specific market segment.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Summary

022

Various fasteners, materials, application and service conditions, specifications etc. require specific lubricant solutions. Many world leading lubricant solutions providers (e.g., COVENTYA and microGLEIT) are capable of offering these solutions to make it work and last.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

023

Cover Story

3 Silver Bullets to Rise Above Heightened Market Pressure

by Dean Tseng, Fastener World Market demand is increasing around the world this year, but global container shortage just broke out last year and led to drastic throughput contraction on harbors along numerous shipping routes. Containers are left sitting all over the world and it causes a surge in container transportation cost and product price. Hisener shot 3 silver bullets at the disordered surge in demand, cost and price and walked out of this storm safely. Now it continues to supply over 4,000 types of fasteners to customers in Europe, Russia, the U.S. and Latin America. In the last two years, it has exported 87,000 tons of products, up 17%, and become one of the largest fastener suppliers.

Smart Factory; Increased Price Competitiveness The company adopted an automatic inventory and scanning system and integrated the whole production process which greatly reduces logistics costs and improves operating efficiency of the plant to make products more competitive. “We will be a futuristic smart factory and continue to increase investment in R&D, production and DIY packaging.”

Over a Hundred Select Firm Partners; Strict Quality Control The company has 150 firm partners carefully chosen to help speed up deliver y and send products to buyers faster, including Timber Screws which sell well in the European DIY market. It also offers inventory specifically for Chinese clients.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

It is certified to CE EN14592 for structural fasteners and CE EN 14566 for mechanical fasteners and its products are popular among European clients.

All the production process is certified to ISO 9001 and re-audited and adjusted every year. It has its own screw factory, a packaging line for DIY products and a warehouse. The company can pack around 50 containers of products per month. It uses heading machines, thread rolling machines, thread cutting machines, bit forming machines and other equipment purchased from Taiwan. All the production process is fully monitored and controlled via a digitalized ERP system. It has dimension measuring instruments, metallurgy analyzers, mechanical testers and surface analyzers in its laboratory for quality inspection to control product quality.

Elevated Capacity in 2021 Hisener will have its new plant completed soon this August. The new plant will be 26,000 square meters and raise the screw capacity to 1,500 tons per month. Through the smart factory, collaborative companies and increased capacity, the company has a strong base to tackle market fluctuations. “In a market backdrop where global material prices surge and shipping costs hike with the worsening pandemic, Hisener is doing its best to reassure clients’ benefits, maintain quality, capacity and punctual delivery, and get through this hardship with clients! ” Contact: General Manager Simon Liang

024

E-Mail: simon@hisener.com

Editorial

Green and Exorbitant Steel

by Dean Tseng, Fastener World

Is the Fastener Industry Ready for the Change?

Steel Price Goes Through the Roof China exported 7.974 million tons of steel this April and hit a monthly record high that had never been recorded since the end of 2016. The first 4 months saw a 25% increase to 25.65 million tons in export and a 17% increase to 4.89 million tons in import .

However, people were caught unprepared as the Ministry of Finance of China announced close to the end of this April to retract the 13% VAT rebate on export of certain steel products including wire rods, effective from May 1. In a backdrop of escalating steel demand worldwide, China removed the VAT rebate on export of certain steel products and took measures to increase steel import, in order to make up for the shortage of supply resulting from decreased domestic crude steel capacity. This brings China’s steel export to a halt and signifies urgent demand for steel in the country.

In May, ShaGang Group, Yonggang Group, Liuzhou Steel Group, Guangzhou Iron and Steel as well as other steel plants in China raised their steel prices at the same time, leading to an overall steel price which is likely to surge to RMB 6,000 per ton in a later time frame. Even billet, a raw material for steel, saw its price up 3 times in a day, which is termed by the media as “mad billet price” and “skyrocketing steel price”. Some of the downstream companies couldn’t take it and said the material price had exceeded the price when they received orders. They would rather go as far as to breach or cancel contracts and compensate customers than lose money in manufacturing products, in order to avoid massive deficits. The material price surge already forced some of the Chinese companies to raise the price charged on their clients.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

2021 marks the year when the price for everything goes up, and steel is just one of the materials in a price uptick. This is once again a wake-up call of inflation. Fastener companies as a steel-consuming industry must swiftly adjust or control the cost of orders they take before being devoured by the "colossus" of price surge. The status quo gives no one a definite answer for how long the "colossus" will stay or whether it will continue to grow. Fastener companies have to tighten up their belts or go for high-unit-price, high-profit orders to minimize deficits and weather the price surge.

Carbon Credit and Green Steel Production is on the Table The new U.S. administration gives the world a boost of confidence in the scrutiny over the effort on environmental protection, putting “carbon emission” back in the spotlight during the talks among nations. Earlier, the EU already announced the target to scale up carbon reduction, which is slated to slash at least 55% of greenhouse gas by 2030. Not only a lot of mainstream carmakers in the world have declared a manifesto of zero carbon emission, but also steel plants have been on the path of green production.

For example, the U.S will have its first steel plant completely driven by wind power, at an investment scale of USD 250 million.

It is located in the State of Missouri and is owned by Nucor, the second largest steel company in the U.S. This wind-driven steel plant will use wind power to drive the electric arc furnace to melt steel scrap into recycled steel. In Colorado, the first 100% solar-driven steel plant in the U.S. utilizing photovoltaic technology is expected to be operational in 2021.

026

Editorial China released “Measures for the Administration of Carbon Emissions Trading” on December 25 last year and officially launched a carbon credit exchange system that will encompass the steel industry during the 14th five-year period of the nation. Clearly, the trend of carbon credit and green steel production has extended deep into the Chinese steel industry. China Baowu Steel Group has kick-started at the end of 2019 a collaboration with a third party in developing nuclear-driven hydrogen production to replace fossil fuel used in steel making.

HBIS Group, the second largest steel company in China joined the race and announced a project at the end of 2019 to build a model plant of hydrogen-driven metallurgy at an annual capacity of around 1.2 million tons. China has taken its first step in reducing carbon emission.

Will the Era of High-Price Fasteners Ensue?

It's Time to Complete Checkup on Your Corporate Structure Whether it is driven by wind, sun, nuclear or hydrogen, the technologies for steel production require tremendous costs for development. According to sources, the cost for hydrogen-driven steel production is at least more than 5 times the cost for conventional production using furnaces.

How much out of that cost or whether it will be shifted onto the steel price remains a mystery.

The steel price is just one of the factors affecting the cost. The manufacturing industry has the impact of surging overseas shipping price to cope with. As is known, there is an issue of jam-packed por ts coupled with the problem of container shortage, and as a result, 92 shipping lines in both the U.S. and Europe were canceled during the ends of March and May. Up to May, the shipping fee per large container in Europe hiked by USD 1,000 to 1,400. The highest shipping price was up to USD 10 thousand per container.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

To tackle these costs, downstream companies including the fastener industry must do a checkup over the manufacturing process (including handling materials, inventory and shipment), financial status, operation, dist r ibution cha nnels, a nd selection of clients, in order to plan their costs a few years ahead. Furthermore, they can consider taking orders for small-batch production and diversified products to make for a highly adaptive manufacturing and order intake. The current situation leaves no room for any slip that may result in a deficit.

Any failure due to carelessness may lead to the elimination of a business.

027

Special Feature

nnovat on Alley

compiled by Fastener World

Press-N-Lok™ Pin SPIROL is pleased to announce the expansion of their Solid Pin Product Line to include the new Series BP100 Press-N-Lok™ Pin. The new Press-N-Lok™ Pin was designed to permanently retain two plastic components to each other. The pin has opposing raised barbs on each end that are angled backwards opposite to the direction of insertion. As the pin is being inserted, the plastic backfills into the area around the barbs resulting in maximum resistance to axial force providing a secure, tamper resistant assembly. The Press-N-Lok™ Pin is manufactured from lightweight, lead free, corrosion resistant aluminum. One major advantage of the Press-N-Lok™ Pin is that assembly time is quicker and it requires lower assembly equipment costs as compared to screws and adhesives.

Washer Sorting Machine OSI (Japan) is a manufacturer specialized in visual inspection machines whose products have been adopted by National Machinery from the U.S. OSI successfully developed a flat washer sorting machine called "Ultra View-SLD". The code SLD represents "slide" which means by rolling the flat washers, the machine can check the front and back sides via its camera. The first generation of the machine can check flat washers in outer diameters from 10 mm to 30 mm. Supply has been launched since October 2020.

Stainless Steel Adjusting Screws for Perfect Positioning

China Fastener World no.62/2021

On production machines and mechanisms, it is often necessary to carry out repeated positioning operations as simply and reliably as possible. For precisely such secure and simple adjustments as well as for quick changing of mechanisms or tools, Winco now offers three new parts that complement each other perfectly: stainless steel adjusting screws with an adjustment scale plus matching bearing blocks and knurled nuts. The innovative stainless steel adjusting screw GN 827 from Winco, the specialist of standard parts, is intended for use with bearing blocks GN 828 and simplifies the attachment of parts to various processing and assembly mechanisms in machines, installations and jigs. This means that processes that require the repositioning and adjustment of devices can be carried out much more quickly. The mechanisms are moved into or out of position using an adjusting screw with rotating knob and hexagon socket fitted with a scale with 0.1 mm graduations.

New Clinching Stud Bolts Clinching stud bolts are commonly used in the automotive industry. Pressing clinching stud bolts into materials often causes materials to warp or develop burrs which impacts the precision and quality of products. Japan Nitto Seiko's new clinching stud bolts can reduce warping and burrs and further decrease spinning. The inside of the lobe-shaped protruding part has a concave to house the deformed material. The deformed portion will stick out towards the male threads to prevent burrs as well as spinning. The product is pending for patent. The company is set to produce 1 million pieces per month.

028

China Fastener World no.62/2021

029

Special Feature Multipurpose Strong-Drive® CSV Construction Screw Simpson Strong-Tie, the leader in engineered structural connectors and building solutions, announced the expanded availability of its popular Strong-Drive CSV Construction screw to hardware and fastener suppliers in US markets. Available in 2½” and 3" lengths and coated with yellow zinc for protection against corrosion, the CSV Construction screw is a versatile, multipurpose fastening solution for a variety of wood-to-wood and engineered wood interior applications. Featuring under-head nibs, low-torque threads and a fast-start point, the CSV Construction screw drives effortlessly and is designed for general-purpose fastening.

Additional features of the CSV Construction screw include the following: (1) Low-torque threads allow up to 35% more drives per battery charge. (2) Ribbed-head design countersinks easily and provides a clean, finished appearance. (3) High-low point provides fast starts. (4) Optimized threads are ideal for dimensional lumber. (5) T25 6-lobe driver bit included.

Self-undercutting Anchor Japan Sunco Techno's self-undercutting anchor creates and expands an undercut hole in the wall in the fastening process while skipping many steps. The anchor body as well as its dedicated fastening tool contains a color mark for visual check to confirm the installation. The anchor's tensile strength is 400N/mm2 and the yield strength is 240N/ mm2. It has a mortise-like design through which a dedicated removal tool working as a tenon can extract it from the wall. The anchor is currently used on metal stairs, tunnel light hangers, overpasses, and in machine installation. It is available in steel and stainless steel.

EMALUCE Dry Plating Technology Plating processes often involve using a liquid agent, and therefore, they are mostly termed "wet plating". The EMALUCE plating by the Japanese Emanak Group differs greatly from other plating processes in that it uses dry plating without a liquid agent. EMALUCE eliminates the risk of stress reduction caused by heat and hydrogen embrittlement, and provides a high-level anti-corrosion effect on products such as high-strength bolts that are difficult to be plated.

Benefits: 1. Capable of treating both ferrous and nonferrous materials; 2. No stress reduction thanks to dry plating at room temperature; 3. Less acid treatment and electrolytic reactions; no hydrogen embrittlement; 4. No sealing required; 5.

Mechanical properties improved from the peening effect; 6. Environment-friendly.

Prehold Washer "Prehold Washer" by Taiyo Stainless Spring (Japan) is used for temporary fixing and improves operating efficiency. It is made of stainless steel, corrosion resistant and high strength. It allows a bolt to be inserted through its either sides and provides ease of bolt installation onto the automotive or machine components. The bolt and the components are fastened through spring reaction force.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

New Rust Prevention Line for High-salinity Environment Zinc depletion is often faster than expected when using zinc-rich paint in a high-salinity environment. On the other hand, the silicon-based ZECCOAT coating tends to gradually lose effect as the zinc-based anti-corrosion layer wears off. Therefore, Roval and Hoden Seimitsu have joined forces to develop a rust prevention line which will incorporate the following features: 1. Suitable for iron and galvanized surfaces. Able to keep automated parking garages, iron stairs, pipelines and bridges from corrosion; 2. Heavy metal free, eco-friendly and highly corrosion resistant; 3. Reducing zinc depletion in high-salinity environments, inhibiting corrosion and lowering maintenance cost.

030

China Fastener World no.62/2021

031

Fastener World News

Fastener World News

Up da te

compiled by Fastener World

World Steel Association Predicts Global Steel Demand to Grow 5.8% World Steel Association (WSA) predicts that the global steel demand will increase by 5.8% to 1.874 billion tons in 2021 and go up 2.7% to 1.924 billion tons in 2022.

Vaccinations in many countries worldwide have helped slow down the pandemic. Although some economic measures imposed by certain countries have taken effect, advanced countries are still expected to spend several years to recover to the pre-pandemic level.

On China alone, its local steel demand is expected to increase by 3% to 1.024 billion tons in 2021 and go up 1% to 1.035 billion tons in 2022. The effect of local market stimulus is waning, so the growth margin is on a downward trend. On the other hand, the steel demand in advanced countries is expected to increase by 8.2% to 371 million tons in 2021 and go up 4.2% to 386 million tons in 2022.

Indonesia Seeks Collaboration with Foreign Investors to Establish Its Own EV Supply Chain

In du s

tr y

Indonesia has been devoted to developing a complete EV supply chain these years. The country seeks to collaborate with American, Japanese, South Korean and Chinese investors and sets goals to make 20% of cars produced in Indonesia to be electric by 2025 and become a global EV and EV battery manufacturing hub. Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board announced LG Energy Solution will invest USD 9.8 billion to work with an EV battery group of 4 Indonesian companies (PLN, Pertamina, Aneka Tambang and MIND ID) to form a complete EV battery supply chain.

Battery production is the key to EV industrial development. Indonesia is rich in materials including cobalt, nickel, manganese and other rare metals that allow for establishing a price-competitive EV industry. Joko Widodo (President of Indonesia) has set goals for the nation to start producing EV in 2022, make the proportion of components used in any EV produced in Indonesia reach at least 35% by 2023, and make EV account for 20% of all Indonesian car production by 2025.

Taiwan CSC Announced Q2 Domestic Sales Prices with an Average Increase of 8.3% Taiwan CSC held a meeting on March 12th to discuss the domestic sales prices of steel products for the 2nd quarter of 2021. The meeting closed with the decision to increase the price of wire rod by NTD 2,000 per ton and increase the price of automotive materials by NTD 2,800 per ton. According to Taiwan CSC, considering the price adjustment for Q1 this year, which was not sufficient enough to cover their raw material costs, the significant difference between their prices and their competitors’, and the cost fluctuations in Q2, they have decided to increase the prices of relevant steel products for Q2 with an average price increase of 8.3%.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Formosa (Taiwan) Plastics Group's Steel Plant In Vietnam Turns Losses into Profits The Vietnam plant (Formosa Ha Tinh Steel Corporation, FHTS) grows rapidly and has had its first turnaround with profit gains since its establishment in November 2020. With the steel price expected to steer up continuously from last December to this February, the Vietnam plant could see monthly growth during this year. The plant spans up to 30 million square meters with a third furnace to be in place and a "steel satellite city (2 million square meters)" preliminary plan in arrangement to draw dozens of companies in steel processing, fastener manufacturing, transportation, inventory and maintenance in June this year. The plan gained support from steel-related industries.

FHTS President Chen Yuan-Cheng says arranging a large industrial land for Vietnam requires compliance to environmental requirement. The demand in Vietnam is large and this country is now the most popular place in Southeast Asia drawing investments from multiple industries. The fastener industry also sees it as a critical base, especially because the said Vietnam plant provides a stable source of steel and will create a massive midstream and downstream steel-consuming industries.

032

China Fastener World no.62/2021

033

Fastener World News UKCA Effective Since 01/01/2021 The UKCA (UK Conformity Assessed) marking is a new UK product marking that is used for goods being placed on the market in Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland). It covers most goods which previously required the CE marking. The UKCA marking alone cannot be used for goods placed on the Northern Ireland market, which require the CE marking or UKNI marking. The technical requirements (‘essential requirements’) you must meet – and the conformity assessment processes and standa rds that can be used to demonstrate conformity – are largely the same as they were for the CE marking.

According to the association, a higher than expected performance in the last quarter of 2020 helped to reduce the expected decline in the total sales for full year of 2020. On the whole, the total sales registered in 2020 were 529,434 units, a decrease of 74,847 units or 12.4% compared to 2019 with 604,281 units.

Despite a double-digit drop, it was nonetheless a good achievement for the local automotive industry given the extremely challenging environment. It was higher than what MAA had forecasted at 470,000 units. The sales tax exemption announced by the government effective from 15 June 2020 boosted sales in the second half of the year. Production of new vehicles in year 2020 also decreased 86,446 units or 15% to reach a total of 485,186 units compared to 571,632 units in 2019. The industry lost over two months of vehicles production in 2020.

The EU Backs Car Manufacturers with 2.9 Billion Euros to Enhance EV Battery Production

The CE marking is only valid in Great Britain for areas where GB and EU rules remain the same. If the EU changes its rules and you CE mark your product on the basis of those new rules you will not be able to use the CE marking to sell in Great Britain, even before 31 December 2021.

The EU announced to provide multiple corporations including Tesla and BMW with 2.9 billion euros to enhance EV battery production within the region. The EU has sta r ted public fundraising and estimates the total investment value at 12 billion euros. The fund receivers are 42 corporations including a joint venture between Fiat Chrysler and PSA, as well as the startup EV battery developer Northvolt AB.

The UKCA marking is not recognized on the EU market. Products need a CE marking for sale in the EU. You only need to use the new UKCA marking before 1 January 2022 if all of the following apply. Your product:

The EU hopes to reduce dependence on Asian companies by procuring EV batteries. The European EV battery market value will reach 250 billion euros by 2025.

•

is for the market in Great Britain

•

is covered by legislation which requires the UKCA marking

•

requires mandatory third-party conformity assessment

•

conformity assessment has been carried out by a UK conformity assessment body

This does not apply to existing stock, for example if your good was fully manufactured, CE marked and ready to place on the market before 1 January 2021.

In these cases, your good can still be sold in Great Britain with a CE marking even if covered by a certificate of conformity issued by a UK body before 1 January 2021.

Tong Ming to Achieve 10,000 Clients and All-time Shipment This Year

Chinese stainless steel fastener distributor Tong Ming Enterprise said on April 14 that its number of clients will increase by more than 25% to over 10 thousand companies. The monthly shipment is expected to keep at around 10 thousand tons and the annual shipment at an all-time 100-200 thousand tons. Despite the pandemic last year, the company benefits from increased demand in infrastructure, railway transportation, and automated equipment for intelligent manufacturing, and sees its Q1 shipment at above 10 thousand tons.

op m en t

De ve l Co m pa ni es

China Fastener World no.62/2021

The UKCA marking came into effect on 1 January 2021. However, to allow businesses time to adjust to the new requirements, you will still be able to use the CE marking until 1 January 2022 in most cases. In some cases, you need to apply the new UKCA marking to goods being sold in Great Britain immediately from 1 January 2021.

Malaysia Automotive Association Releases Production & Sales Results for 2020

034

Tong Ming's clients increased from 5,000 to 8,000 companies and could continue this growth to breach 10 thousand companies. The company does not have enough capacity now as a result of a growing number of clients and stainless steel fastener applications. It expects to add 100 thousand tons to its capacity in 3 to 5 years.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

035

Fastener World News Taiwanese NAFCO Expects an Upturn in H2 as the Pandemic Slows Taiwanese aerospace fastener manufacturer NAFCO took a big blow from the Covid pandemic and lost 80% of its profits last year.

Looking ahead, NAFCO says as its aerospace clients still have some inventory and the demand for automotive fasteners continues to rise.

The company is still working on laying foundation. However, the company expects vaccine passport and travel bubble will be gradually in place to rejuvenate sales in the second quarter. NAFCO's net profit last year was NTD 60 million, down 82.9% with EPS at NTD1.14. As countries embark on massive vaccination and are pushing for vaccine passport and travel bubble, the market is on the lookout for aerospace recovery.

NAFCO mainly supplies engine fasteners and other machined parts to primary clients such as GE and Rolls-Royce. The company says it doesn't sense an apparent upturn in purchase orders. The market situation may not be certain until mid-2021.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Despite a far cry from aerospace recovery, it is worth noting that NAFCO's industrial business segment sees an increase in demand. The company supplies fasteners mainly for the American and European automakers, but it also taps into lightweight fasteners for new energy vehicles. Thanks to the upturn in the American and European car markets and increased demand, the business segment's revenue proportion has risen to 20%-30% from the pre-pandemic 10%.

036

Super Cheng to Invest NTD 0.7 bn in Setting up a New Plant and R&D Center in Kaohsiung Focusing its product sales mainly in the N. American market, Taiwan’s leading lock nuts and high-strength bolts manufacturing giant, Super Cheng Industrial Co., Ltd., plans to invest NTD 0.7 billion in setting up a brand new “low-carbon-emission and energy-saving” plant and R&D center in the Gangshan District of Kaohsiung (Taiwan), in response to the increasing market demand for customized products and automotive fasteners, as well as reinforce the manufacturing capacity for special fasteners and diversify its existing product range. The new plant will be completed with the introduction of Smart Manufacturing and Fully Automated Warehouse to improve capacity and efficiency. In addition, Super Cheng will also hire more product R&D staff to develop more suitable products according to various customers’ demands at the new products R&D center. Established in 1982, Super Cheng’s main products include: all metal lock nuts, nylon insert lock nuts, flange nylon insert nuts, flange bolts, socket head cap screws, OEM parts, and auto parts.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

037

Fastener World News KPF Acquires the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport's Ministerial Certification of Japan KPF announced on February 23rd, 2021 that it has completed the final acquisition of the ministerial certification for its high-power bolts from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of Japan. KPF has proven expertise for fasteners and parts for construction, heavy equipment, and petrochemical plant since 1963. With advanced technology and experiences for forging, KPF entered the automotive part market. KPF also operates global affiliates in Vietnam and China.

Airbus and Malaysia Airlines Extend Widebody FHS Contract Airbus and Malaysia Airlines have signed an extension of their Flight Hour Services Components (FHS-C) contract for the carrier's A330 and A350 fleets, as an outcome from Malaysia Airlines which recently completed restructuring exercise.

The agreement was signed in Kuala Lumpur

by Malaysia Airlines Chief Operations Of f icer A h mad Luqma n Mohd Azm i and Airbus President Asia-Pacific Anand Stanley.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

T h e mu lt i-ye a r ext e nsion cove r s t e ch n ica l suppor t by A i r bus for t he airline’s existing widebody fleet of A350s, A330s, as well as A330-200Fs operated by MASKargo. FHS-C provides component services including spare pool access, onsite-stock at the main base as well as components engineer ing a nd repa irs.

Through FHS-C, Airbus guarantees parts availability and secure aircraft technical p er for m a nce t ha n k s to h ig h qua l it y standards and component engineering. “ We a r e p l e a s e d t o e x t e n d o u r partnership with Airbus and trust the brand to provide the vital technical support for our widebody fleet. As we move forward as an airline and share our Malaysian Hospitality worldwide, the Airbus aircraft we f ly will become a symbol of reliability and consistency,” said Malaysia Airlines Chief Operations Officer Ahmad Luqman Mohd Azmi.

“We are pleased to continue our close relationship with Malaysia Airlines with the extension of this FHS agreement. Especially in these challenging times, Airbus strives to provide the highest quality, value-adding and tailor-made solutions to our airline partners to support them and enhance the daily operations of their fleet,” added Anand Stanley, President Airbus AsiaPacific.

038

SOUTHCO Expands India Operations Footprint SOUTHCO® is pleased to announce the official opening of its expanded facility in Ranjangoan, Pune, India. The 20,000 square foot expansion, which commenced in 2019, has tripled available office space and doubled the manufacturing space and distribution footprint, positioning Southco for future growth in the fastest growing market in the world.

After a decade of phenomenal performance in the Indian market, Southco India’s increased production capacity, coupled with continued investment in sales, engineering and marketing resources will allow Southco to better serve its local customers. Southco will continue to bring new manufacturing technologies to India and produce more parts locally to support the “Make in India” initiative of the Indian Government.

“The expansion of our operations footprint in India contributes to Southco’s strategy of driving global business growth” said Prakash T. John, General Manager of Southco India. ”This is not only an opportunity to bring more jobs to the area, but it is a long-term commitment of Southco to deliver more value to our customers and meet the growing needs of the Indian market.”

The LISI Group Achieved Sales of € 309.4 Million in Q1 2021 Sales for Q1 2021 are down 22.2 % compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has further weighed on the Group's activity in varying proportions depending on the divisions: •

LISI AEROSPACE : - 38.5 %, the "Fasteners" business, which had benefited from a good level of sales in Q1 2020, is the most severely affected.

•

LISI AUTOMOTIVE : + 2.9 %, in line with the positive trend observed since the second half of 2020.

•

LISI MEDICAL : - 15.1 %, although sales are down, the outlook benefited from well oriented business.

Italian Growermetal Receives Quality Certification EN 9100 Italian Growermetal is very pleased to announce that it has also achieved quality system certification according to the EN 9100:2018 standard for the aerospace industry. EN 9100 has been developed by the International Aerospace Quality Group (IAQG), which established a quality management system controlled directly by the aerospace industry itself.

Growermetal, thanks to the achievement of this certification has the great opportunity to be included in the Online Aerospace Supplier Information System (OASIS) database, from which the most important players of this industry can select their suppliers.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

039

Fastener World News

Grainger Announces Appointments of Chief Financial Officer and President of Grainger Business Unit Grainger, the leading broad line supplier of maintenance, repair and operating (MRO) products serving businesses and institutions, announced executive leadership appointments.

Deidra (Dee) Merriwether, currently Senior Vice President (SVP) and President, North American Sales and Services, has been named Chief Financial Officer. Paige Robbins, currently SVP, Chief Technology, Merchandising, Marketing and Strategy Officer, has been named SVP and President of the Grainger Business Unit, comprised of Grainger businesses in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Puerto Rico.

The Grainger Business Unit will merge all commercial functions for the Grainger brand in North America into a single organization. This new structure will help drive profitable share gain and exceptional customer solutions across geographies. Merriwether and Robbins will assume their new roles effective immediately.

Simpson Strong-Tie Announces Mike Olosky to be New Chief Operating Officer Simpson Strong-Tie, the leader in engineered structural connectors and building solutions, recently announced the appointment of Mike Olosky to Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.’s executive leadership team as Chief Operating Officer (COO).

A senior executive with more than a decade of global management experience in Asia and Europe, Olosky was most recently President of Henkel North America and Head of the company’s Industrial and Electronics division. Previously Olosky was Head of Innovation for Henkel’s Adhesive Technologies business and President of Henkel Asia Pacific.

Olosky holds degrees in mechanical engineering from Michigan Technological University and Oakland University and received his MBA from Michigan State University’s Eli Broad School of Business. Simpson Strong-Tie is the primary subsidiary of Simpson Manufacturing, Co., Inc.

Jay-Cee Sales and Rivet Inc. Achieves Coveted ISO 9001:2015

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Optimas Completes Global IATF Certification Optimas Solutions, a global industrial manufacturer/ distributor and service provider, announced it has completed IATF Certification for its worldwide operations by adding its center of excellence in Pune, India, and new distribution sites in Mexicali, Mexico, and Lockbourne, OH, placing it at a level of quality assurance certification unmatched in the fastener industry. IATF Certification comes from the International Automotive Task Force and represents the highest level of quality assurance in the automotive industry and beyond. This coupled with the company's annual achievement of ISO 9001 certification is a high-water mark for Optimas as the first time all its global operations have achieved these levels of certification.

According to Optimas CEO Marc Strandquist, this achievement opens more doors for securing new business and working at new levels with existing customers. "We are one of very few fastener suppliers and manufacturers that have IATF registration, which is well recognized outside of the automotive industry as a premiere level of quality assurance in the business world," he said. "Our Manufacturing Solutions strategy announced last August is once again paying off for our customers and suppliers alike."

040

Jay-Cee Sales and Rivet Inc., a Master Distributor of Rivets and other threaded fasteners, announced that it has been approved for and issued a Certificate of Registration for ISO 9001:2015.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) maintains the ISO 9001:2015 certification for qua l it y ma nagement a nd quality assurance. To achieve the certification, an organization needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

The certification aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including processes for improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

“We are very proud of this achievement,” says Greg Weitzman, Vice President of Jay-Cee Sales & Rivet, Inc. “The certification verifies the quality of our products and shows our dedication and commitment to our customers.” Jay-Cee Sales and Rivet Inc. a family owned business since 1948 is a Master Distributor of Rivets and other threaded fasteners to many different industries including automotive, medical, and aerospace just to name a few.

si tio ns

Fastener World News Master Automatic Merges into the MFCS Engineered Solutions Group

Ac qu i

MacLean-Fogg Component Solutions (MFCS), Mundelein, IL, and Master Automatic, Plymouth, MI, announce the merger of Master Automatic into the MFCS Engineered Solutions Group. The new division will be known as MacLean Master LLC with locations in Plymouth and Livonia, MI.

MacLean-Fogg President, Duncan MacLean, said, "We are thrilled. Master Automatic is a terrific, family-owned business with a culture similar to ours. This merger enables us both to further diversify and expand our customer base, and increase our capabilities, technology, and products in precision machining. We are able to better support our customers with an expanded portfolio of high-quality products and services."

ci at io n

Founded in 1942, Master Automatic, an Evasic family business, is a premier supplier of precision machined components and assemblies, and a market leader for critical automotive propulsion and steering components, providing a broad range of manufacturing capabilities, engineering, customer focus and commitment to quality to leading automotive OEM and Tier 1 companies.

Novaria Group Announces Acquisition of the Young Engineers, Inc. Novaria is pleased to announce the acquisition of The Young Engineers, Inc. (TYE). TYE is an expert in the design and manufacturing of aircraft and aerospace hardware, with a primary focus on fasteners and inserts.

The terms of the deal were not disclosed. This acquisition continues Novaria’s expansion into aerospace fasteners. “We have made several acquisitions since April 2020, all of which are unique contributors to our evolving business model,” said Novaria CEO Bryan Perkins. “The acquisition of TYE is an integral part of our strategy to expand our portfolio of proprietary and qualified products we offer customers.” TYE operations will continue at its Southern California facility with its tenured, skilled employees, including former owner and president Pat Wells.

George Hunt III Elected as New MWFA President

China Fastener World no.62/2021

As

so

George Hunt III, Regional Manager of Brighton-Best International has been nominated and elected as President of the 2021 Mid-West Fastener Association (MWFA). The new Board of Directors of MWFA include Matt Delawder of SWD Inc. as Vice President, Bob Baer of Abbott Interfast Inc. as Treasurer, Jake Davis of BTM as Secretary. Directors are Glen Brin of Innovative Components Inc., Rich Cavoto of Metric & Multistandard Components, Paula Evitts of Avante Imports, David Gawlik of Stanley Engineered Fastening, and Bobby Wegner of Beacon Fasteners and Components.

042

by Dean Tseng, Fastener World

Company Focus

Haiyan Weishi Fastener Co., Ltd.

Expands Manufacturing Area & Rolls out New Nuts Contact: Andy Huang, General Manager E-mail: andy.huang@wsfastener.com

Haiyan Weishi is a manufacturing expert in nuts. In the past 25 years since 1995, the company has continued manufacturing GB/DIN/ ANSI/BS-compliant standard nuts as well as supplying non-standard fasteners. Just recently, it announced the rollout of M30-M36 DIN934 nuts and 1-1/8, 1-1/4 nuts as an addition to the product line so that clients can purchase a complete range of nuts from small to large sizes straight from Haiyan Weishi. This enables the company to provide M5-M36 fasteners and other hardware parts in materials such as Q195, 35K, 45K, 10B33, and 40CR, raising its monthly capacity to 1,200 tons. Large nuts that could only be purchased elsewhere in the past are now available from Haiyan Weishi.

The company has been expanding and refurnishing the manufacturing area lately to create technologically top-notch manufacturing space. With the domestic and imported advanced cold forging and stamping equipment, the company can offer fasteners to the construction, highway/railway, automotive components, and furniture industries. Its strengths include punctual delivery, high quality, great service, and high credibility. The company saves time and trouble for clients from Southeast Asia, Italy, the U.S., South America, France, the Middle East, and North America. It will continue to expand business to other countries and markets in the future.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

It was one of the companies in China to resume production immediately after the pandemic started last year, and was able to keep the livelihood of its employees and clients intact from the impact. "Haiyan Weishi is the right choice for your fastener purchase. We set a high bar for ourselves and don't take matters lightly in order to provide you with excellent products!" said General Manager Andy Huang. He hopes to increase the capacity, manufacturing efficiency and client satisfaction in the second half of 2021 for Haiyan Weishi to continue sprouting abroad.

043

Industry Focus

Analysis of

Motorbike Production and Sales in Indonesia in 2020

by Shervin Shahidi Hamedani

Introduction The Indonesian motorbikes industry has been the third-largest in the world for about twenty years, demonstrating the main private transportation sector for people and goods with the size six times bigger than the automotive industry.

In 2019, the Indonesian two-wheeler market stood at around 6.49 million units and in terms of volume, which made the country again the third largest two-wheeler market in the world after India and China. The rise in disposable personal income, increasing demand for more affordable private transportation together with the growth of female riders, enhancement and construction of road infrastructure, as well as the emerging popularity of credit and loan facilities, are the main reasons for the growth of two-wheelers market in Indonesia.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

There has always been a strong correlation between average income levels and motorcycle demand up to a certain point in the country and the region. In emerging economies like Indonesia, motorbikes are an attractive alternative to walking, riding a bike, or utilizing public transportation. The market is dominated by Japanese brands, all producing for both local markets and for exporting largely into ASEAN, and other regions like Latin America.

The two-wheeler market in Indonesia is categorized by the type of vehicle, the capacity of the engine, and the region. In terms of vehicle type, the market consists of three segments which are scooters, motorbikes, and mopeds. Scooters accounted for the largest market share in the Indonesian market and it is expected to hold its dominance at least in the next 5 years.

In terms of engine capacity, vehicles are categorized into 3 segments. Engines with less than 150 CC capacity, engines with a capacity between 150 CC and 250 CC, and the 3rd category, which are those with a capacity more than 250 CC. As mentioned, the lightweight scooters are the most popular amongst Indonesian people, with the engines below 150 cc and are anticipated to maintain their market power in the future.

044

Covid-19 and the Motorbike Industry in Indonesia Despite twenty years of growth, the outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) acted as an enormous hinder to the motorcycle market in 2020. Supply chains were damaged because of trade restraints and market demands drastically dropped as a result of lockdowns and movement controls imposed by the Indonesian government.

Like many other industries, motorbike manufacturers rely heavily on the supply of raw materials, parts, and components from different countries globally. Since the government controlled the movement of goods across the country, as did many other countries, manufacturers had no choice but to pause or even shut down their productions caused by the shortage of all those materials, parts, and components. Similar limitations are faced by exporters and importers in the market.

Additionally, sales of new motorbikes reduced considerably due to a decline in consumer demand as the country imposed lockdowns. The outbreak is expected to continue to hurt businesses this year. However, in this year, the market has recovered to some extent and some growth has been registered, thanks to the recovery from the COVID-19 impact as companies reorganize their operations and adapt progressively to the new normal.

Statistics show that the global market lost was US$24.6 billion in revenue in 2020. Although there have been some recoveries in this year, the strong destructive trend is expected to remain in the next two years. By 2023, global motorcycle sales are expected to generate around US$106 billion in revenue, but still about 20% less than what the market made in 2019.

Global sales in 2020 were 56.5 million units, down 14% from the previous year, the 5th highest level ever. In volumes, the industry lost over 9 million units, mainly because of the significant decline in India by 5 million, Indonesia by 2.9 million, Philippines by 0.7 million, and Vietnam by 0.5 million units compared with 2019.

Industry Focus

That made the Indonesian motorcycles industr y the worst in the world in 2020, h it by econom ic recession a nd Covid-19 simultaneously, losing sharply in any quarter even in the 4th quarter, whereas in other countries the markets have partially recovered during the second half of the year. In Indonesia, the negative trend went downhill in the last quarter about 50% from the same period in 2019. The total sales in 2020 were about 3.7 million units, with a 43.7% extreme fall, the lowest level in the last 30 years, affecting hugely Japanese producers’ global profit and volumes.

Indonesia is recognized as the first market in the world for all Japanese manufacturers, but the market falls had extreme consequences on the global revenues, sales, and profit for the Japanese brands.

Conclusion Beginning from the second quarter, the measures taken by the Indonesian Government to safeguard from Covid19 have hugely impacted the industry with a delay compared with the rest of the world, in terms of virus spread and market fall, with the negative impacts on the economy and on consumer goods demand.

The new normal which has been created by the spread of the current pandemic has affected the motorcycles industry in Indonesia with short term negative impacts last year. The destructive trend is expected to continue this year. However, eventually, the benefits of the new normal will overcome the damages supported with two new trends in place globally.

Soon, there will be a huge demand for individual mobility, as people will be continuing to practice social distancing and this is going to be perfectly matched with the two-wheeler vehicles. The second trend is related to environmental issues which have recently become one of the major concerns among governments, institutions, and people. The introduction of policies, incentives, and subsidies for electric two-wheelers will support the market evolution in the rest of this decade and it’s going to be a new path for the Indonesian market, the path that China and Taiwan have already been on.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

That’s why we can predict that Indonesia and other key players in the motorbike markets like Vietnam, the Philippines, and Thailand will follow the Chinese and Taiwanese markets, where electric vehicles (EVs) manufacturers and traders are going to shake the global competition.

Sources

046

01

McD, Motorcycles Data, ASEAN, 2021

02

ReportLinker, Motorcycle and Bicycle Global Market Report 2021

Russian News

Russian News

compiled by Fastener World

The Salvation of the Automotive Industry is by the Work of the Automotive Industry Itself

In theory, requirements for the level of localization are constantly increasing in Russia. But no real incentives have emerged to create new component industries on the scale the industry needs. Experts estimate the losses from the loss of the auto component industry by the country, expressed in the cost of purchasing components abroad, at 1 trillion rubles a year.

“In most developed countries, the automotive industry is one of the main locomotives of the economy.

Because the production of vehicles is an excellent generator of both budget revenues and jobs. But this is only if the national auto industry is an unified complex of assembly plants and factories for the production of components. In this case, the industry is confidently standing on two legs", - comments on the situation the Deputy General Director of “ASM-Holding”, and Honored Economist of Russia, Alexander Kovrigin.

Car manufacturers and, in particular, “GAZ”, concerned about the fate of the industry, have developed their own plan not only to support, but to create a new industrial model that is sustainable in the face of global disasters and based on the creation of value chains within the country. The plan envisages, in particular, investing 240 billion r ubles in auto component production for five years, while half of these funds are producers' own investments, and the other half is financed by the state, which then receives powerful returns in the form of increased tax revenues and the creation of new jobs.

Many countries have followed a similar path. At the same time, experts suggest giving an advantage to projects for creating critical components, and making targeted programs for creating such ones as a priority.

Largest Marketplaces Doubled DIY Sales Leaders of the Russian online retail are becoming active players in the DIY & Household market. “Wildberries” and “AliExpress Russia” marketplaces reported more than two-fold growth in sales of household goods and repairs. New formats of interaction with suppliers helped them to attract new buyers to their sites.

"This winter the most popular categories of tools for repair and gardening on the local marketplace were sets of working tools, power tools for the garden, welding machines, electric drills and electric saws”, - clarified in "AliExpress Russia".

In the fall of 2020, “AliExpress” launched a new format of superstores, the first of which being “Big Home” - a hypermarket of local household goods.

The new sales scheme was also tested in “Wildberries” last year. The company began working on the FBS model, in which the seller is directly involved in storing, processing and packing orders. Fasteners of the Oryol Steel Rolling Plant were used in the construction of a railway bridge in the Astrakhan Region.

Fasteners from the Oryol Steel Rolling Plant (part of Severstal-Metiz, the Severstal Hardware Group) were used in the construction of a new railway bridge across the Akhtuba River in the Astrakhan Region. Oil, sulfur, salt, metal, timber, building materials, grain and vegetables are transported along this section of the route. The new engineering structure will become an international transport corridor and will connect Siberia and Moscow with the ports of the Caspian, Azov and Black Seas.

The old bridge was built 85 years ago and was single-track. Up to 20 million tons of cargo will be transported over the new bridge per year.

159 New Products from Severstal-metiz Companies Severstal-metiz, Oryol Steel Rolling Plant and Volgograd Plant Severstal Kanatov mastered 159 new types of products in 2020. This process involved almost all product areas: wire, calibrated and hot-rolled steel, and fasteners.

All new products are developed in cooperation with customers. The product portfolio of the Severstal-metiz in 2020 was replenished with 39 new types of products. One of the significant projects was the launch of a chopped wire shot production. Compared with traditional shots, high-tensile wire shot offers lower consumption, higher abrasion resistance and lower operating costs for customers. Orel Steel Rolling Plant mastered 114 new products in 2020. These are mainly fasteners - up to 85%. Among them are new standard sizes of bolts, nuts, washers, fasteners for the automotive industry and construction.

047

China Fastener World no.62/2021

The Russian automotive industry needs to restore the domestic production of components, in fact - to revive the whole industry of auto components.

Russian News Investment in Oryol This year the company will make a record investment of one billion rubles to the development of the Oryol Steel Rolling Plant (part of Severstal-Metiz, the Severstal Hardware Group), which is 11 times more than last year.

The company will modernize production. Cold heading and thread rolling machines, drawing lines and load-lifting cranes - more than 20 units of main equipment will be renewed to the maximum. All units will be equipped with modern electronic equipment: numerical software, LCD displays and control joysticks. At the same time, the workspaces will be organized according to the highest international safety standards. Thanks to the investment program, 56 new jobs will be created.

The company's investment plans confirm the stable development of Oryol hardware production. Despite the pandemic, Oryol Steel Rolling Plant ended the year with growth. Shipments of finished goods rose 4 per cent to nearly 69,000 tonnes, breaking a five-year record. “This is the first time we have received such a significant investment. All projects are quite large-scale, but we plan to complete most of them this year. The modernization of production is planned both for current tasks and for the implementation of projects for the development of new products”, comments Alexey Erenichev, director of the Oryol Steel Rolling Plant.

Europartner Offers Multi-fastening Solutions One of the notable novelties of the past 2020 by Europartner Group is a fundamentally new packaging for fasteners. It is multifunctional. Among its advantages are visual presentation of the product, vandal resistance, technical information on the product, Torx bit included, neat storage, ease of reusability.

Last December, the nylon fastener plant significantly expanded its production. In 2020, on the basis of the Europartner plant a training center was established. It invites Russian plastic processors by injection molding to attend training courses. The courses are conducted by leading experts in plastic processing, materials science, representatives of suppliers of injection molding machines and peripheral equipment, mold designers.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

NLMK-Ural to Increase Production of Highcarbon Wire Rod N L M K-Ur a l ( Russia n d iv ision of NLMK Group) has expanded its product line. After the modernization of steel-making and rolling facilities, the plant mastered the production of continuously cast steel billets with a cross section of 150x150 mm.

Previously, the capabilities of the electric steel-making shop were limited to the production of billets with a cross section of 125x125 mm.

This will allow to expand the assortment of metal products (wire rods, wires, fasteners), as well as improve the quality of existing ones. Thus, the production of one of the most demanded products - high-carbon wire rod - will be increased by 40% per year with a simultaneous improvement in physical and mechanical characteristics.

048

The Fixing Union Develops a Standard for Calculation of Anchoring in Masonry Calculation and design of anchors in masonry is an urgent task that occurs, for example, in the design of facade systems of buildings, where the system brackets are attached with anchors to the building base. This leads to the need to develop an appropriate regulatory document that would regulate the procedure for calculating anchors in masonry, and, similarly to the method for calculating anchors in a concrete base, would take into account both the strength and geometric characteristics of the base, as well as the characteristics of anchor fasteners, and also the nature of the effect of the load on this fastener. The development of such a standard is carried out by Association of Manufacturers and Distributors of Fixing Systems (Fixing Union) with the participation of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (NRU MGSU), tak ing into account the provisions of the Russian standards (including SP 15.13330 "Stone and reinforced stone structures").

BSW Increased Exports to 13 EU Countries By the end of 2020, BSW exported more than 925 thousand tons of steel products to the European Union market.

The greatest growth in consumption last year was demonstrated by Spain, Slovenia and France, where the volume of shipments doubled or more. Countries such as Austria, Ireland, Romania, Poland and Finland provided more than 30% of export growth.

The market share of the European Union in the total volume of BSW exports in 2020 exceeded 45 percent.

Wire rod, steel wire and structural steel intended for the automotive industry were in great demand. The shipments of the latter have increased significantly compared to the previous year. So, in 2020, the growth rate of exports of structural steel with a diameter of 20 to 80 mm to the EU amounted to more than 150 percent. These products were sold to the EU market for $ 34.5 million.

In total, in 2020, BSW exported 2 million tons of steel products to 53 countries. It is worth noting that last spring, due to the coronavirus pandemic, the enterprise faced a decrease in demand, primarily for the products of steel wire workshops. However, since last June, its consumption began to recover and reached its usual level. In general, as of 01.01.2021, stocks of finished products at BSW were equivalent to two days of production.

Alexander Ostashov, editor of “Fasteners, Adhesives, Tools and...” Magazine Mariya Valiakhmetova, editor of “Metiz” Magazine

Company Focus

The Manufacturer with Ingenuity Worldwide Admired Fasteners with High Performance/Price Ratios

by Gang Hao Chang, Vice Editor-in-Chief of Fastener World

Established in 2006, Yuyao Alfirste Hardware Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer specialized in timber screws, roofing screws, drywall screws, chipboard screws, and many other fasteners made of carbon steel and stainless steel. It is capable of manufacturing products as per customer’s required specification from M3.0 to M10 and from 9.5mm (min.) to 400mm (max.). With the current 15,000 sqm of plant and more than 100 skilled employees in place, Alfirste has been able to achieve the monthly fastener capacity of 1,500 tons. In terms of manufacturing capabilities or capacities, Alfirste has been also considered by many overseas fastener distributors and end-users one of the irreplaceable partnered suppliers for years. In critical fastener markets such as Russia, Germany, Italy, and Poland, high-quality fasteners from Alfirste are even admired by users every year.

Well-coordinated Manufacturing Procedures & Excellence in “Long Screws” Processing Apart from outstanding manufacturing technique, Alfirste also maintains close collaboration with associate factories in heat treatment and galvanizing of products, which is the reason that the quality of its products could be continuously kept above the level over the past decade. Especially in manufacturing long screws with higher difficulties and more requirements for details, Alfirste can also complete the tasks with ease and turn them into its own strength.

Speaking of the milestone Alfirste has reached over the past few years, General Manager Danny Wei said, “Selfinnovation and technical training both are very pivotal factors that have supported us to go thus far. For enhancing the technique and R&D abilities of our team members, we arrange internal employee trainings every year and send our technicians to other external units for exchange and learning. All these investments proved to be quite effective. For example, the drilling mold we developed on our own could help users achieve stable quality, high production volumes, short lead times, and competitive prices, winning us a leading position in the industry.”

Alfirste received its ISO 9001 and CE certificates a few years ago. Last year it took a leap forward and received the ETA 20-0316 certificate, which is more difficult to get, for 3 types of its new construction screws featuring faster tapping speed, more stable quality, and a wider selection of sizes. Such an achievement is not only a recognition to the significant performance of these products used to fasten wood constructions, but also helps widen the gate for Alfirste’s business expansion in Europe or even in more advanced markets.

General Manager Wei added, “The continuous and stable supply of products with the best performance/price ratios and in-time improvements and responses to customers’ inquiries are undoubtedly the biggest advantages of our company. As a result, we can continue to win us praises from customers. What’s more important is that we also see those companies and factories working with us gaining their own leading position and increasing their market share significantly in Europe and America.”

Considering the positive and growing development momentum in future Chinese and global markets, Alfirste plans to continue the expansion of its current plant, including a bigger workshop and introduction of heat treatment and galvanizing lines. With the adherence to “Original Spirit & Manufacture With Heart ,” Alfirste hopes to establish collaboration with more customers and strengthen its presence on the market.

Alfirste contact: General Manager Danny Wei

Email: 760@chinanchor.com

049

China Fastener World no.62/2021

The Firm Presence in Europe with ISO, CE, and ETA Certification

050 China Fastener World no.62/2021

056 China Fastener World no.62/2021

China Fastener World no.62/2021

057

European News compiled by Fastener World

Expander Evolves from Supplier to Global Expert Nord-Lock Group has made a large investment in its pivot business, Expander, to better serve the needs of its global customer base. The newly expanded facility in Åtvidaberg, Sweden, has increased by 130 percent to 3,500m² - making room for modern manufacturing, a premium technical centre, as well as high-volume order handling. Expander is the original solution for expanding pivot axles – supplying the aftermarket.

The innovative pivot solutions are installed directly into the existing machine mounting without the need for welding or line boring, providing a permanent solution to lug wear. The company’s production flow is completely digitised, enabling high quantities of customer-unique orders to leave the factory within 48 hours. Expander System has over 35 years of knowledge and experience as the original inventor of pivot pins with expanded sleeves. These pivot pioneers have now delivered over 1.5 million Expander Systems worldwide. The factory expansion will allow Expander to increase its order volume by eight and the new Pivot Performance Technical Centre will further accelerate product development and support customer needs. The site will also become more sustainable due to the factory’s reduced energy consumption, improved worker environment and lower carbon footprint.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

In-house Wood Construction Screws

by Eurotec Eu rot e c GmbH is able to supply a wide range of wood construction screws that can be used for a number of different applications including load-bearing timber frame joints, timber engineering, multiple hall constructions or renovation of ceilings.

The company points out its range of wood construction screws feature high corrosion resistance; applicability in service classes 1 to 3; as well as a good resistance to mechanical loading. The screws can also be utilised for carpentry work. Eurotec’s range of wood construction screws includes the Paneltwistec range, which Eurotec mentions is known for being an ‘all rounder’ among screws. It is available in different steel grades, head shapes, and screw tips, and each screw has special properties that are suitable and necessary according to the application. In load-bearing timber constructions, for connecting timber wood or steel wood joints, Eurotec offers its KonstruX screws. They are characterised by a full thread that increases thread extraction resistance in the components.

058

Snap Instead of Screw The patented DIRAK-SNAP-Technology (DST) creates high strength connections that are absolutely equal to screw-based solutions, but achieved with no tools at all, with installation in just seconds. The idea behind DIRAK-SNAP-Technology is incredibly simple. It uses the operating principle of a slam-latch, which is commonly found in doors for houses or rooms. It is based on a guide with tapered clamping jaws and a spring positioned in a window inside the guide. If this fastener is then pressed through a cutout, the angled insert of the clamping jaws pushes the SNAP element back like a latch bolt in the guide channel and the spring is tensioned. As soon as the height of the clamping jaws is surpassed during the insertion process, the tensioned spring presses the SNAP elements back out of the guide channel. A distinctive SNAP sound can be heard as this happens. The result is a fastener now wedged in the cutout and holds the elements to be joined together with great strength. DST withstands high strains and guarantees high strength and pull forces equal to screw connections in every regard.

In addition, DST products are rattle, vibration and shock-proof.

Numerous DST solutions have been tested for vibration and shock (DIN EN 61373) as well as earthquakes (GR-63-CORE, Issue 4).

Howmet’s Huck® Range Force™ Battery Tool How met Fa st en i ng Syst em s ha s developed the Huck® Range Force™ battery Tool, which it states is a portable powerhouse for multiple applications and industries including aerospace, solar, transportation, and construction.

The Huck ® Range Force™ battery tool has an electronically adjustable pull force and a long stroke of 1.18 inch (30mm) to enable installation of structural and non-structural blind rivets, as well as two-piece lockbolts up to ¼ inch (6.4mm) in diameter.

With a quick nosepiece change and a simple one finger pull force adjustment, the tool is ready for the next style of fastener. Using a 18V lithium-ion 5.0Ah battery, the Huck Range Force industrial strength tool is highly portable, reliable and versatile. The tool is also lightweight weighing between 4.8lbs - 5.5lbs depending on battery used, as well as being ergonomic. Battery recharge time is approximately 45 minutes.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

059

European News

China Fastener World no.62/2021

SFS Shows a Distinct Recovery in the Second Half Year

Container Shortages Impact UK Fastener Supply Chain

SFS Group achieved orga n ic g row t h of 3 .7% i n t h e s e c o n d half of 2020, driven by a distinct recovery in demand and seasonal effects. Sales for the 2020 financial year amounted to CHF 1.705 billion (€1.57 billion). SFS reports that higher production capacity utilisation and strict cost management as well as mixed effects supported profitability in the second half of the year. For the 2020 financial year an operating profit of approximately CHF 227 million was realised, which corresponds to an EBIT margin of 13.3%.

A shortage of shipping containers at major global export ports has been seriously impacting fastener availability in the UK and Ireland, the British & Irish Association of Fastener Distributors warns. The crisis is also forcing up container freight costs three-fold and exacerbating other cost drivers to fuel sharp product inflation. Container shortages were the biggest disrupter according to specialist supply chain media The Loadstar on 1st December 2020. That was an assessment echoed by BIAFD importer members, who say they now have major backlogs at factories, which cannot be shipped to the UK and Ireland due to the lack of containers. The CAx, an index of container availability, was at record low levels at the end of 2020. A reading below 0.5 indicates a deficit of containers. For week 49 the reading for Shanghai Port was just 0.03 – compared with 0.53 ten weeks previously, and 0.66 in Week 6 of 2020. The indices for other global – and also European ports – also showed plunging container availability over recent weeks.

While demand in the first half of the year fell sharply in some areas due to the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a clear and sustained recovery in demand in various end markets and regions from the summer months onward.

For instance, the automotive-related business areas, which had been heavily impacted by the collapse in demand and factory shutdowns at key customers during the first half of the year, showed a strong recovery. In the second half of the year, sales momentum also profited from successful product launches with customers from the electronics industry. Sales grew organically by 3.7% in the second half of the year compared to the previous year period. In the first half of the year, sales showed a decline of –10.4% in organic terms. For the full year, organic sales growth was -3.2%. Gross sales for the 2020 financial year amounted to CHF 1.7 billion. Sales in the Fastening Systems segment for the period under review amounted to CHF 489.7 million, which corresponds to a decline of -1.7% compared to 2019.

The container shortages are an indirect consequence of the Coronavirus pandemic. Emerging early from the pandemic, Chinese factories recovered production and recommenced exports to global markets. Export shipments increased ahead of the Chinese National Day holiday in October, further ratcheting during the peak season run-up to Christmas.

Despite signs of a recovery, Hilti Group’s 2020 sales of CHF 5.3 billion were 9.6% below the level of the previous year. In local currencies the decline amounted to 4.3%. CEO Christoph Loos commented: “The signs of recovery further solidified over the last four months of 2020 and our sales figures have stabilised. Total sales are below the previous year's level, to the extent expected, which means that the downturn has been less severe than initially feared.” Developments in the regions varied greatly, strongly influenced by the duration and extent of local lockdowns. In local currencies this resulted in only a slight overall decline in sales of 2.7% in Europe.

There was a clear north-south divide, with growth in Scandinavia and Central Europe and upper single-digit declines in Southern Europe. North America was also pleasingly robust, with a local decrease of only 4.3%.

Significant reductions were recorded in the Eastern Europe / Middle East / Africa region (-8.2%), Latin America (-8.1%) and Asia/Pacific (-7%), with major differences from country to country. For example, while encouraging growth was achieved in China and Russia, there was a larger slump in Southeast Asia and the Gulf States in particular. The Hilti Group expects a moderate economic recovery for the current year which will vary from region to region and depend heavily on the course of the coronavirus pandemic in the coming months.

060

Containers are collected from port and road or rail freighted to companies. However, return times to ports in all import markets have significantly increased, due to coronavirus-related shortages of vehicles and drivers. Container shortages were also exacerbated by the volumes of personal protection equipment being imported. In November, the UK’s main container port at Felixstowe was said to be storing some 11,000 containers of PPE ordered by the British Government. Many of these containers have now been moved to inland storage points but the containers are unlikely to be released for many months and potentially longer.

With finances hit hard by the collapse of global trade, resulting from the pandemic, shipping lines radically tightened capacity on most routes. Lack of capacity and low backhaul profitability has meant containers returning to export markets far more slowly.

More luc r at ive t r a nspa ci f ic routes to A mer ica n ma rkets have also taken priority for both container ships and containers over European routes.

While container manufacturers are reported to have stepped up production, output lags well behind demand, and the knowledge that the container market will eventually rebalance is a disincentive to further ramping up output. All the indications are that it will be several months before equilibrium is restored.

UK and Irish importers have faced additional challenges, due to persistent delays at Felixstowe Port, which have knocked onto other UK ports. Some carriers have applied substantial port congestion surcharges, further adding to importers’ costs. More problematically, some shipping lines are by-passing UK ports to avoid delays, dropping containers at Northern European ports – which typically adds a further two weeks to lead times, placing further pressure on availability.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

061

European News

China Fastener World no.62/2021

In addition to creating availability challenges, all of these factors are driving major increases in freight costs for impor ters.

BIAFD importers report container f reight costs t r ipl i ng, wit hout factoring in port surcharges or costs of rerouted shipments. This means an effective on-cost to products often well in excess of ten percent.

O t h e r i n f l a t io n a r y p r e s s u r e s on fastener costs were already becom ing evident. Asian steel prices have also increased sharply, with further increases predicted, as supply tightness is compounded by a serious accident in a major Korean steel plant. European steel lead times have also extended sha r ply, for some wi re g rades tripling to more than twenty weeks, and steel producers are expected to introduce substantial cost increases early in 2021. The British & Irish Association of Fastener Distributors represents the interests of more than 85 United Kingdom and Ireland fastener importers, wholesalers and distributors.

062

Lederer Takes over NORMTEC Lederer GmbH has announced that it has taken over all shares in NORMTEC Montage- und Befestigungstechnik GmbH from Theo Förch GmbH & Co. KG. Based in Wuppertal, Germany, NORMTEC has eleven employees and has been successfully selling stainless steel fasteners for seven years. From now on, NORMTEC will join Lederer in pursuing the goal of sustainably strengthening and further developing their position in the market for stainless fasteners.

+

The long-standing employee, and authorised signatory, Sebastian Ovenhausen will take over the management of NORMTEC. NORMTEC will continue to exist as an independent company at its previous location and will continue to operate as part of Lederer GmbH.

VVG to Become Honsel

+

As of 1st January 2021, VVG Befestingungstechnik is now known under the new name HONSEL Distribution GmbH & Co – having fully merged with the Honsel Group.

VVG and Honsel have been closely linked for a number of years – working together and sharing many resources. Alexander Siefert, managing director at VVG Befestigungstechnik, explained: “We have experienced very unusual times in the last few months, which has resulted in us changing our focus to what is important for our company’s future. With VVG and Honsel already working closely together, the natural decision was to merge VVG with Honsel so they both operate under the same brand.”

China Fastener World no.62/2021

063

European News Alexander added: “For the customers’ perspective there will be no real changes. The company type and company number will stay the same, as will the VAT and registration numbers.

Cont r a ct s a nd /or ag re ement s wi l l remain the same and customers will still contact the same person. By merging the companies we will simply become an even stronger partner for customers when it comes to fastening technology.”

Honsel Group has more than 90 years of experience in the development, production and sale of high-quality fasteners and processing solutions.

Fastener Fair Stuttgart 2021 Postponed

China Fastener World no.62/2021

M a ck- Br o o k s E x h ib it io n s h a s announced the postponement of Fastener Fair Stuttgart, which was scheduled to take place from 18th to 20th May 2021.

The 9th edition of the show will now take place from 9th – 11th November 2 0 21. M a c k B r o o k s E x h i b i t i o n s explains the decision was taken in light of the ongoing Covid-19 pandem ic and following conversations with all

064

exhibitors and visitors that have taken place over the past weeks and months. Uncertainties around continued travel restrictions were also a contributing factor to this decision due to the truly international character of the Fastener Fair Stuttgart show.

New Improvements for RIV949 The RIV949, a hydropneumatic riveter for rivet nuts from Rivit Srl, has been designed for those sectors where work automation has become necessary, as well as fixed workstations with vertical applications. To increase the fastening possibilities and the mobility of the tool, Rivit has developed solutions that provide the riveter with the necessary support to ensure easy and precise balancing and tool handling. The triple articulated joint arm was already available in the Rivit range, but the new upgrade added supports that allow its use with the riveting tools RIV503, RIV504 and RIV506, both horizontally and vertically.

The chrome hardened steel cartesian arm with balancer for RIV949, has been projected with a new modern concept. Thanks to the movement on recirculating ball bearings, it allows a fast and precise alignment on the holes and high smoothness. Its main advantages include a multidirectional head that allows riveting in any position; great flexibility in extension and rotation; as well as a fluidity of movement and reduction of operator fatigue.

The supports for the new arm, both horizontal and vertical, have also been designed to allow its use with RIV503, RIV504 and RIV506 riveting tools. It also has a minimum – maximum radius of 500mm – 850mm, a load range of 2kg – 7kg, as well as a working height range of 200mm – 1,000mm. To ensure maximum mobility, Rivit also proposes a housing workbench for the arms and riveting tools, complete with wheels and lower shelf.

News provided by: Fastener + Fixing Magazine www.fastenerandfixing.com

China Fastener World no.62/2021

065

Brazilian News

compiled by Fastener World

Brazilian Automotive Production Dropped by 32% Originally expected to reach the production mark of over 3 million units in 2020, Brazil actually finished the year of 2020 with the 3rd worst decline margin on the top 20 global automotive producers list.

World Automotive Production - Top 20 2019

2020

After the recession in 2015-2016, an economic recovery in Brazil appeared and lasted for 3 years. Unfortunately, the Covid came later.

However, the pandemic did not just affect Brazil.

1° China

25,720,665

25,225,242

-2.00%

2° USA

10,880,019

8,822,399

-19.00%

3° Japan

9,684,298

8,067,557

-17.00%

To analyze the automotive sector, one of the main boosters for fastener manufacture, Brazil once had a better economic era in 2019. During the year of 2019, the production of Brazil reached 2,984,988 units of motor vehicles, a rise of 2.2% from 2018. To view by percentage, its result was the biggest among the top 20 countries, while the other 17 countries respectively produced more than one million units in 2019.

4° Germany

4,661,328

3,742,454

-24.00%

5° India

4,516,017

3,394,446

-25.00%

6° S. Korea

3,950,617

3,506,774

-11.00%

To Brazilians, all perspectives were to finally break the “3 million units” barrier and get closer or break the 2014 result (which recorded the production of 3,146,386 units of vehicles).

Last year, China (top 1 among the top 20) also got a negative result in automotive production, but just down 2% to 25,225,242 units, while Iran (top 18) showed the highest growth of 7% to 880,997 units.

However, Brazil (top 9) showed a decline of -32%, one of the worst.

Also, Indonesia showed a fall of -46% to 691,286 units.

At the writing of this article, the local automotive production of Brazil in Q1 2021 closed at 597,700 units, up 1.99% compared to Q1 2020 (585,900 units) but down 13.35% compared to Q1 2019 (697,800 units) and down 14.64% compared to Q1 2018 (700,200 units).

Countries

Variation

7° Mexico

3,986,794

3,176,600

-21.00%

8° Spain

2,822,355

2,268,185

-20.00%

9° Brazil

2,944,988

2,014,055

-32.00%

10° Russia

1,719,784

1,435,335

-17.00%

11° Thailand

2,013,710

1,427,074

-29.00%

12° Canada

1,916,585

1,376,623

-28.00%

13° France

2,202,460

1,316,371

-39.00%

14° Turkey

1,461,244

1,297,878

-11.00%

15° Czech

1,433,963

1,159,151

-19.00%

16° UK

1,381,405

987,044

-29.00%

17° Slovakia

1,100,000

985,000

-11.00%

18° Iran

821,060

880,997

7.00%

19° Italy

915,305

777,165

-15.00%

1,286,848

691,286

-46.00%

20° Indonesia

Sources: www.oica.net / www.anfavea.com.br

Eduardo Lopes, in front of InoxPar Company

Inox-Par Reported 11% Average Growth and is Searching for Partners Outside Brazil With more than 35 years of activities, the company has become a stainless steel fasteners expert.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

In Portuguese, “stainless steel” means “aço inoxidável”, however, it is quite common to hear Brazilians pronouncing these two words simply as "inox". Normally, when someone refers to fasteners, it is quite common for Brazilians to use the word “parafuso”.

Combining some of these words, in 1986 Inox-Par Industry and Commerce Ltd. was founded. Currently, InoxPar hires more than 70 direct employees and 30 indirect ones.

Its operation (incl. industrial and storage units) measures more than 5,000 m² in total and is only a 10-minute drive from the International Airport São Paulo, Brazil.

066

China Fastener World no.62/2021

067

Brazilian News Co-founder and Commercial Operations Director Inox-Par, Eduardo Lopes told that the company handles a mix of activities and is acting as a manufacturer and importer of fasteners, mainly made in stainless steel.

Inox-Par executives participated in many most important fastener shows around the world to search for good supply partners for increasing the distribution of its operation through the InoxPar efficient system on the big and diversified markets in Brazil, mainly energy, window frames, food & beverage, and pharmaceutical sectors. Solar energy, in particular, has recently represented the share of more than 35% in all Inox-Par businesses.

Fastener Press Machines Now Subject to 0% Import Taxes in Brazil According to the news of Brazilian Official Diary (Diário Oficial da União) published on 02/17/2021, the press machines for manufacturing fasteners and special parts are also included in the most recent import tax reduction of Brazilian Government.

The current Brazilian economy officials have been more willing to lift barriers against certain product imports, such as machinery used by local fastener industries, mainly because of almost non-existence of similar machines directly manufactured in Brazil.

Yih Tieng Machinery, model from Spirafix show room, Brazil

"We’ve got an average growth of 11% since last year. However, as the Inox-Par can still go further, we can get some international companies from Asia, Europe, or North America to form alliances to let us achieve a rise in operations and good results, not just in Brazil, but also in our South American neighbours,” told Lopes.

Fastener Export & Import of Brazil in Q1 2020 and Q1 2021 Brazilian Fastener Trade - 2020 in Summary In 2020 the fastener export and import of Brazil generated US$ 636.13 million in value and 130,989.11 tons in volume respectively.

This result was 22.01% less than the US$ 815.58 million and 14.67% less than the 153,499.58 tons recorded in 2019. No surprise about the drop due to the pandemic.

It is also not surprising that the fastener import is predominant over the fastener export in Brazil. In 2020, the share of imported fasteners was 78.50% of the total value (US$ 499.27 million) and 79.43% of the total volume (104,052.1 tons). In 2019 it was 76.22% of the total value (US$ 621.65 million) and 80.74% of the total volume (123,923 tons).

The share of Brazilian fastener export in 2020 was 21.50% of the total value (US$ 136.86 million) and 20.57% of the total volume (26,937.01 tons). In 2019 the result was 23.78% of the total value (US$ 193.93 million) and 23.86% of the total volume (29,576.18 tons).

2020

China Fastener World no.62/2021

2019

Export

Export Share

Import

Import Share

Export + Import

Value (US$ million)

136.86

21.50%

499.27

78.50%

636.13

Volume (ton)

26.937,01

20.57%

104,052.10

79.43%

130,989.11

Value (US$ million)

193.93

23.78%

621.65

76.22%

815.58

Volume (ton)

29,576.18

19.26%

123,923.40

80.74%

153,499.58

One of the sources, the Ministry of Industry, Foreign Trade and Services (MDIC) of Brazil does not provide data on volume by country, both in import and export.

Last year China maintained its leadership, taking up 25% of Brazilian fastener import (US$ 127 million). The USA followed at 16% (US$ 77.5 million); Japan, 10% (US$ 51.9 million); Germany, 10% (US$ 51.6 million) and Taiwan, 5.6% (US$ 27.7 million).

Among the top five export destinations for Brazilian fasteners were the USA taking up 36% (US$ 49.9 million); Argentina, 17% (US $ 23.7 million); Paraguay, 11% (US$ 11 million); France, 4.5% (US$ 6.21 million) and Germany, 3.5% (US$ 4.76 million).

Regarding the average price per kilogram, among the fasteners exported in 2020, the price was US$ 5.08 (US$ 6.55 in 2019), higher than the US$ 4.79 (US$ 5.01 in 2019) of imports.

068

069 China Fastener World no.62/2021

Brazilian News Top 5 Partners Involved in Brazilian Fastener Trade (Unit: US$ Million)

Export Destinations Share in 2020 1. USA: 49.3 36%

Import Origins in 2020 1. China: 127.0

Share 25%

2. Argentina: 23.7

17%

2. USA: 77.5

16%

3. Paraguay: 11.0

8.0%

3. Japan: 51.9

10%

4. France: 6.21

4.5%

4. Germany: 51.6

10%

5. Germany: 4.76 Total Export Value: 136.86 Export Destinations in 2019 1. USA: 79.7

3.5%

5. Taiwan: 27.7 5.6% Total Import Value: ----499.27 Import Origins in Share Share 2019 41% 1. China: 130.0 21%

2. Argentina: 22.6

12%

2. USA: 95.5

15%

3. Paraguay: 13.0

6.7%

3. Germany: 72.9

12%

4. France: 7.86

4.1%

4. Japan: 72.0

12%

5. Germany: 6.07 Total Export Value: 193.93

3.1%

The total import in Q1 2021 reached US$ 227.86 million (53.81% higher than the US$ 148.14 million record in the same period of 2020) and 50,556.48 tons, 60.66% higher than the 31,467.34 tons of import last year.

The fastener export of Brazil in January 2021 was US$ 8.74 million, with the total volume at 2,258.77 tons; the fastener export in February was US$ 9.19 million, with the total volume at 2,202.12 tons; the fastener export in March was US$ 4.4 million, with the total volume at 1,491.42 tons.

The total export in Q1 2021 reached US$ 31.07 million (4.5% less than the US$ 32.54 million export recorded in Q1 2020) and 8,211.08 tons (56% higher than the 5,267.47 tons of export recorded in Q1 2020), which both resulted from the severe depreciation of ‘real’, the Brazilian currency.

IMPORT

Value (million)

Volume (tons)

Q1 2020

148.14

31,467.34

Q1 2021

227.86

50,556.48

Source: www.mdic.gov.br

Variation

53.81%

60.66%

Status in Q1 2021

EXPORT

Value (million)

Volume (tons)

The Brazilian currency depreciation could have been the cause for the export rise in volume and a drop in revenue; however, the import was also on the rise.

Q1 2020

32.54

5,267.47

Q1 2021

31.07

8,211.08

Variation

-4.7%

55.88%

---

5. Taiwan: 33.4 Total Import Value: 621.65

5.4% ---

In the first month of 2021, Brazilian fastener import reached US$52.27 million in value or 12,293.09 tons in volume. In February,

China Fastener World no.62/2021

the figure was US$ 54.31 million or 12,638.75 tons. Closing the Q1, the import in March reached US$ 121.28 million or 25,624.64 tons.

Belenus factory (Vinhedo Town, SP, Brazil)

Belenus Becomes the Top Fastener Manufacturer in Brazil The company substantially increased its capacity after acquiring several machines in 2020 Founded in 2002 and led by the businessman João Marcos Lucas, Belenus Ltd substantially expanded its capacity after acquiring several used machines in 2020, especially a lot of cold forming machines, including 13 Sacma and 5 National Machinery models that are able to produce fasteners from M6 to M20.

070

China Fastener World no.62/2021

071

Brazilian News Sergio Lucas and João Marcos Lucas (Belenus directors)

With around 1,400 employees, the company raised its capacity to 8,000 tons/month, which is 2,000 tons more than its former capacity, including the production of fasteners such as bolts, screws, and nuts, standard and special, making Belenus the top fastener manufacturer in brazil.

Belenus also has a big trade division dedicated to distribution of more than 15,000 items for the construction industry and other relevant products, such as hardware, tools, various parts and equipment, including its own brands, such as BelEnergy (photovoltaic products), BelFit (hydraulic hoses and terminals), BelLift (cargo handling products) and Beltools (tools and hardware).

Walsywa: Heating the Solar Energy Market Founded in 1964 as a leader in supplying fastening products especially for civil construction, Walsywa has been expanding its portfolio since the second half of 2020, by including items for use in solar energy capturing systems, an emerging and promising business.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Made of stainless steel, 100% passivated, the Walsywa solar energy lines include terminal clamps, flat and rubber washers, flanged hexagonal nuts, screws, rods and rod sets, anchor bolts, as well as specialty fasteners.

"More than ever, the emerging solar energy system needs the best fastening options, which is a know-how that Walsywa has for more than half a century of history.

We i ntend, t hen, to di f ferentiate ourselves in this market, because we make fasteners for civil construction.

Supported by a highly trained team, we have be en providi ng t he best service and efficient logistics running 24 hours in most regions of Brazil. In addition, we have our own laboratory for product development that meets stringent demands," said João Pedro Schrott, Walsywa president.

João Pedro Schrott (the Walsywa president)

by Sergio Milatias, Editor Revista do Parafuso (The Fastener Brazil Magazine) milatias@revistadoparafuso.com.br www.revistadoparafuso.com

072

China Fastener World no.62/2021

073

074 China Fastener World no.62/2021

075 China Fastener World no.62/2021

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Exhibition

076

China Fastener World no.62/2021

077

Exhibition

The 21st

Fastener Trade Show Suzhou

to Continue Strong Momentum in 2021

As a grand festival for global fastener suppliers and buyers, the 21st Fastener Trade Show Suzhou will open its doors from 27-29 October 2021 at Suzhou International Expo Center (SIEC), Jiangsu Province, China.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

This year’s show will occupy halls D1 and E1, with a total exhibition area of 12,000 square meters, featuring more than 400 participating companies (expected).

Some 12,000 buyers and visitors from China and the rest of the world are expected to come to the exhibition for annual procurement and negotiation.

Online visitor registration is now open. Register now for FREE Admission, FREE Show Catalog and Souvenir! Scan the QR code below to complete the application form.

The exhibit profile in 2021 will cover 6 product ranges of the entire fastener supply chain, including: fasteners, tools, equipment, molds, surface treatment and raw materials.

“Fastener Application Conference”, including a series of insightful topics by leaders and experts from fastener application fields, will shed light on advanced technology applications, providing a unique opportunity for attendees to acquire knowledge and share information.

The previous edition had created an unprecedented record of 551 booths, with a total of 11,028 visitors from around 30 countries and regions.

078

To learn more about the 21st Fastener Trade Show Suzhou, please visit www.fastenertradeshow.net

American News

compiled by Fastener World

REPORT: Industrial Fastener Demand to Grow 4% CAGR The global industrial fasteners market is predicted to expand at over 4% CAGR through 2031, while the demand graph for threaded and plastic industrial fasteners is set to climb among diverse end-use sectors, according to a new report by Fact.MR.

FINdex Maintains Growth Despite Supply Disruptions Supply chain disruptions did not derail the FIN Fastener Stock Index in the opening quarter of 2021.

The FINdex maintained its brisk pace during the quarter, climbing 9.6% compared to a 6.5% gain by an index of related industrial stocks.

Tree Island Steel achieved the highest stock gain during Q1, rising 72.4%. During 2020, Tree Island revenues increased 7.7% to $215.9 million due to higher shipped volumes. Gross profit increased to $25.9 million, and gross margin climbed to 12% from 8.9% in 2019.

Other fastener companies with rising share value during Q1 included Carpenter Technology (up 41.3%); Chicago Rivet (up 11.5%); Dorman Products (up 18.2%); Fastenal (up 2.9%); ITW (up 8.6%); Howmet Aerospace (up 12.6%); Lawson Products (up 1.9%); MSC Industrial (up 6.9%); Nucor (up 50%); Park Ohio (up 1.9%); Simpson Mfg. (up 11%); and Stanley Black & Decker (up 11.8%).

Fastener stocks losing value during the first quarter: EACO - Bisco Industries (down 4.5%); Grainger (down 1.8%); and TriMas (down 4.2%).

During 2020, the FINdex increased 10% during the year, lower than the 12.8% rise in stock value by an index of related industrial stocks.

“While the outbreak of COVID-19 affected industry growth temporarily in 2020, with the commencement of vaccinations and adoption of t he new nor ma l, t he a u t o m o t ive , b u i l d i n g & c o n s t r u c t io n , a n d o t h e r key end-user sectors have started getting back on their feet since the last quarter of the year,” the report found.

“As such, overall industry outlook has remained positive during the last 5 years from 2016 to 2020.” With manufacturers of industrial fasteners incorporating advanced technologies and making heavy investments in various research & development (R&D) activities, the industry is projected to expand further over the coming years.

Fast and steady recovery of the automotive industry and growing adoption of industrial fasteners in commercial & residential construction projects are anticipated to increase supplier revenue in the U.S. Germany’s advanced automotive sector and rise in the number of construction & building projects after overcoming hurdles due to the pandemic position that country for strong growth as well, according to the report. Likewise, China is expected to register substantial growth in the coming years, with demand from the construction, automotive, and home appliance sectors boosting sales of industrial fasteners in that Asian country. As the world’s largest vehicle market, China expects automobile output will reach 35 million by 2025. India has emerged as a lucrative country in terms of demand, sales, and production of industrial fasteners, and is expected to grow further through 2031. Abundance of raw materials and labor, and high demand from the construction sector are fueling sales in India.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Presently, plastic is gaining traction in terms of material for industrial fasteners. According to Fact.MR, this segment will gain further popularity owing to such advantages as: • Lightweight

• Cost-effective

• Flexible in terms of usage

• Free from the drawbacks due to rusting Non-threaded and aerospace grade industrial fasteners are expected to further fuel the sales of suppliers through 2031. The automotive and construction industries have high demand for industrial fasteners. Other key end-use segments are aerospace and home appliances.

080

American News The Changing Face of Fastener Plating and Coating WINA Forms Würth Additive Group Würth Industry North America (WINA) formed Wü r t h A d d it ive G r o u p, a n ew U. S . c o m p a ny incorporated in Delaware and based in Indianapolis to provide expanded 3D printing products and services, including financing and rental options on equipment.

WINA began providing additive products and services in 2017 with rapid prototyping and printing production tools. It now offers full digital Kanban solutions by integrating 3D printing technology in its existing vendor managed inventory programs.

“We are thrilled to bring innovative digital supply chain solutions to our customers,” stated WINA CEO Dan Hill. “By integrating industrial 3D printing technology with our existing inventory programs, we can offer faster time to market, lower inventory costs, and improved environmental sustainability practices.

We’re able to cut out the sourcing, purchasing, and transportation costs and deliver the value directly to the customer.”

“We’re excited to offer rental and financing options and provide additive manufacturing solutions to a wider market,” said AJ Strandquist, newly appointed CEO of Würth Additive Group. said Würth can now provide additive manufacturing solutions to a wider market.

“Our mission is to enable, implement, and support a digital supply chain solution that is dependable a nd b e n ef ic ia l fo r ou r cu st om e r s t o op e r a t e,” Strandquist explained. “We do this by offering a clear implementation process, cost-saving options, on-going support, a strategic supplier portfolio, and financial services for instant return on investment.”

Strandquist joined Würth in 2014 and most recently served as director of 3D product solutions for WINA before his promotion.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

He is the son of Optimas Solutions CEO Marc Strandquist.

WINA signed a global distribution agreement with industrial metal and carbon fiber 3D printer provider Markforged in March 2020. Würth has added several strategic suppliers to its portfolio of additive solutions, offering a wide range of printers and materials for industrial applications. Its digital supply chain strategy includes additive manufacturing/3D printing, digital part files, and inventory assessment software that help customers cut costs and reduce operational risk.

WINA is a US$1 billion division of the Würth Group, with 110 locations providing 420,000 fasteners and C-parts plus services.

082

It’s easy to assume that plating and coating options for fasteners are “set in stone.” But changes in regulations and standards require ongoing attention, according to Laurence Claus, founder of NNi Training and Consulting.

“You need to make sure that something doesn’t get dropped in on you that causes surprise,” stated Claus, who has almost 25 years of experience working in the fastener and automotive part supplier industries.

For example, cadmium has been gone for 30 years and it’s never coming back, but cadmium replacement remains a hot topic, especially in the Defense industry.

Likewise, hex chrome was severely limited 15 years ago.

“It’s been proven to be dangerous to people and the environment,” Claus explained.

EU efforts to ban hex chrome in cars forced the U.S. to follow suit. And it’s possible that a future initiative will ban hex chrome use altogether, he explained.

“We continue to see improvements in chromates and other plating alternatives to address the loss.”

In general, no regulatory changes are imminent, Claus noted.

“Nothing really new to report, but none of these regulations are going away. They evolve over time.”

For example, RoHS - the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive 2002/95/EC - has had several revisions since it was adopted in 2003.

“Keep these topics on your radar because things change. Every finish being applied to fasteners is a result of some standard, which can get revised.”

By design, industry standards are reviewed and often updated at least every five years. Examples include ASTM F1941/F1941M and ISO 4002, which have undergone significant changes in recent years.

“We will see a rebirth of the discussion about updating hydrogen embrittlement requirements,” Claus predicted.

There are also customer requirements that change, including accelerated corrosion testing, elimination of chrome products and the addition of new plating and coating standards or options.

“It’s really important that we chose platings and coatings based on solutions to the customer’s needs.”

China Fastener World no.62/2021

083

American News Fastener Companies Face Supply Challenges Shipping logistics and other supply chain challenges are dominating the focus of fastener distributors and manufacturers, panelists of a National Fastener Distributor Association presentation stated.

Product availability is affected by raw material demand in Taiwan, which is causing delays as long as six weeks, according to Melissa Patel, supply chain director at Field Fastener.

Likewise, lack of shipping availability, coupled with domestic rail delays, have added weeks to deliveries, Patel noted.

And exchange rates have compounded the problems fastener companies face.

“I don’t recall another time when exchange rates have been so prominent in management discussions,” explained Patel, who has worked for Field for 18 years.

Optimas Solutions CEO Marc Strandquist echoed those concerns.

“Covid is an issue that makes it so difficult to run a business, both in terms of supply side and internally,” Strandquist stated.

“Import orders are big right now. Everybody is ordering extra, creating a false demand.”

One manufacturer told Strandquist that one customer who generally orders 100,000 pieces just ordered 15 million.

“Some manufacturers domestically are in heaven.”

In response, steel prices are rising and there is speculation about allocations.

In addition to rising costs, there are quality issues as an uptick in business has led to less experienced workers producing questionable products, Patel said. Factoring in 301 tariffs that the Trump administration placed on Chinese fasteners and other products, Field constantly evaluates reshoring products, Patel noted.

“We are always looking to make sure we have the best total cost for any item we produce.”

While Optimas Solutions has a strong percentage of domestic products, global supply side issues have placed added pressure on reshoring.

“Customers are challenging us to reshore more because they’re worried about the length and financial stability of the supply chain,” Strandquist said.

There are two components of steel price: base price and surcharge, Strandquist pointed out.

“The surcharge is going up and down right now,” he said.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Despite all the uncertainty in the supply chain, OEM planning is not getting more accurate.

“I don’t anticipate that changing or improving,” Patel explained.

“They’re paying us to manage this for them.”

Strandquist echoed that sentiment.

“There’s no appreciation. As far as customers are concerned, it’s just a bolt. You can go down to K-Mart for that.”

In response, fastener suppliers have been forced to use air freight to meet customer demands, Strandquist said. But that option is “cost prohibitive” because fasteners are lower value and quite heavy compared to computer chips.

“There is madness in the supply chain. Everybody is killing themselves to keep up with it.”

084

Semblex Announces Changes to Senior Management Semblex Corporation, Elmhurst, IL, USA, and parent company, Jinhap Company, Ltd., announce the following management changes effective on May 1, 2021. Jinsoo Kim, current President, has been promoted to lead the international businesses of Jinhap and oversee operations outside of Korea, which include Jinhap firms in China and Semblex in the USA. He will be relocating to Korea later this year. Kim has been at Semblex since it was acquired by Jinhap in 2014 and has served Semblex as Chief Operating Officer and, most recently, as CEO and company president since March 2019. Gene Simpson, former Semblex’s Chief Operating Officer, has been promoted to replace Kim as CEO and company President. Prior to his COO role, Simpson served in several key management positions at Semblex over the last 29 years including Vice President of Quality & Engineering and Director of Engineering Services.

Semblex Corporation, which was established in 1968, is a premier supplier of innovative cold-formed product solutions to the world’s leading manufacturers. These manufacturers look to significantly reduce their assembly-related costs or are challenged to find the best way to fasten new materials which are emerging in their industries. Semblex Corporation provides its customers with the latest fastening products and technologies, along with precision cold-formed and machined components, and special assemblies.

Optimas Adds Larger Diameters to Existing Fastener Production Optimas Solutions, Glenview, I L , USA, a globa l indust r ia l manufacturer/distributor and service provider, announced it has added larger diameter (M12-M18) fastener production of the industry standard MATHread® and Taptite 2000® licensed products.

The larger M12-M18 MATHread and Taptite 2000 diameters en ha nce Optimas’ licensed products ma nufact ur ing capabilities that already included smaller diameters of MATHread, Mortorq®, Phillips Square-Driv®, Remform® and Taptite 2000® brands. These enhanced, larger diameter capabilities complement existing smaller diameter offerings, and further support Optimas’ continued quest to deliver industry leading manufacturing solutions to distributors and OEMs directly. “We’ve been manufacturing licensed fasteners for smaller diameters for a number of years,” said Marc Strandquist, CEO of Optimas. “Now with technological upgrades made at our Wood Dale, IL, USA and Droitwich, UK manufacturing facilities, we can produce larger diameters of licensed products to make us more competitive in a variety of industries that require larger fasteners, such as automotive, heavy duty trucks, construction machinery and agricultural equipment.” By adding these larger diameter capabilities,

American News Optimas can build on partnerships with reputable OEM brands wanting to onshore more manufacturing with licenses especially beneficial to industrial applications. These licenses allow Optimas to supply its customers next generation fastening solutions which guarantee measurable advantages, including improved performance, reduced installation times, and weight savings and cost savings. Optimas offers cold-forming manufacturing for a variety of fasteners at its Wood Dale and Droitwich facilities including selfthreading designs for metals and a roll-forming design for plastics. “We continue to improve our manufacturing capabilities by working with highquality, well-respected fastener licensers, such as MATHread, Phillips and Taptite,” said Strandquist. “As we continue to roll out our Manufacturing Solutions strategy that we announced in the third-quarter of 2020, it was a natural progression to add larger diameter licensed product capabilities for existing and new customer applications.”

Greenkote Sees More AntiCorrosion Coating Orders for Metal Fasteners

Tanner Bolt & Nut & Parker Fasteners Distribution Agreement

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Tanner Bolt & Nut Inc., Brooklyn, NY, USA is pleased to announce an agreement has been reached with Parker Fasteners, Buckeye, AZ, USA, to become the exclusive master distributor in the United States for its Lock-Out® maximum security screw. Lock-Out is a new and innovative security fastener featuring a unique patented drive that is engineered to perform in high torque applications. The distinctive oval center pin and multiple drive/key combinations give customers the option to select higher levels of security in a tamper-proof fastener. Installation bits are not sold commercially. Installation bits will only be sold through Tanner. LockOut is available in a multitude of head styles, threads, diameters, lengths, materials and finishes. Diameters range from 1/4" to 5/8", M1.4 to M16, and #0 to #10, with lengths up to 12" for certain diameters. Materials available include carbon steel, stainless steel 302HQ, 304, 316, A286 and brass alloy steel 4037, 8740. For absolute maximum protection of the customer’s property or product, Lock-Out can be manufactured with a one-of-a-kind, drive pattern that is exclusive to the customer’s company. Tanner received its initial stock order in early March 2021 and will continue to bolster its inventory throughout the year. Made-to-order product typically will ship in eight to ten weeks. Tanner Bolt & Nut Inc. is a nationwide distributor of premium industrial and security fasteners, code compliant anchors, safety, and products as well as power tool accessories. For more than 40 years, Tanner’s knowledgeable sales and support staff has committed to a customer first approach, delivering innovative quality products. Tanner partners with over 50 well known quality brands that provide customers with industry leading experience, innovation, and quality control. Parker Fasteners is a premier ISO & AS9100 Rev D-registered cold heading manufacturer, which sources all raw materials from American sources including DFARS compliance. Parker Fasteners takes great pride in manufacturing quality fasteners, engineered to meet customer product specifications and delivering on or before the promised due dates.

086

Greenkote, a global provider of advanced anticorrosion metal coatings, has announced a major expansion of production capacity at its headquarters facility in Brook Park, OH, USA. The expansion comes in response to an upsurge in demand for corrosion protection on environmentally exposed metal fasteners and hardware in several different industries. “I don’t know if climate change may be a part of it, but we’re seeing notable increases in anticorrosion coating orders for all kinds of different metal parts that are exposed to the elements,” said Greenkote CEO, Mark Gore. “The orders are coming from a range of sectors, including automotive, rail, electric power distribution, wind power generation and others. These are all applications that have fasteners, fixtures and other metal hardware exposed to longterm outdoor atmospheric cor rosion.” “It’s also possible that we’re getting more than our share of this business because of a couple of other factors,” added Gore. “Number one, G re en kote coat i ngs a re act ua l ly d i f f use d into the metal surface, making them damage resistant, longer-lasting and better-performing than older treatments such as galvanizing and paints. Another factor is eco-friendliness. Many other coating processes involve acids and other polluting chemicals, so their use is increasingly restricted by environmental regulation. But, as the name implies, Greenkote is uniquely benign to the environment.” Gore stated that installation of the additional Greenkote coating equipment in Brook Park has been completed and the facility is now fully operational with significantly expanded capacity. Greenkote provides anticorrosion coating services for construction, automotive,

American News rail, utilities and many other industries in which parts are exposed to weather or harsh and corrosive environments. Greenkote can be applied to a broad range of metal parts, from threaded fasteners to stamped and cast pieces, in sizes from 0.2" to 78".

Proprietary Greenkote coatings have been replacing several older anticorrosion processes such as galvanizing, hot-dip, sherardizing and metal flake. In addition to increased corrosion protection, Greenkote technology provides superior adhesion, longer wear and more conformal coverage, which allows its use on complex geometries such as small threaded parts. Greenkote also eliminates metal failures that are caused by hydrogen embrittlement, an intrinsic problem with many traditional coatings. Greenkote is applied by a patented zinc-based dry thermal diffusion process that requires no hazardous chemicals and produces no toxic byproducts. Consequently, it is uniquely friendly to humans and to the environment.

Tariffs On Chinese Fasteners To Continue

China is bearing the costs of the tariffs, every major study has shown that it’s American customers who are paying the price,” MarketWatch reports. While the 301 tariffs will remain in place for now, a Biden administration could “reduce or suspend import tariffs on steel and aluminum that Trump imposed on a number of countries aside from China on national-security grounds,” according to MarketWatch.

Those 232 tariffs hiked costs on industrial products and consumer goods such as autos and appliances.

During a 2019 International Fastener Expo conference, attorney Richard Wortman said 301 tariffs were likely to linger even if a new president was elected in the U.S. The tariffs have become federal government income without being called a “tax,” he noted. “It is going to take a while for tariffs to go away.”

The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) list includes: 7318.11.00 - Iron or steel, coach screws 7318.12.00 - Iron or steel, wood screws (o/than coach screws) 7318.13.00 - Iron or steel, screw hooks and screw rings 7318.14.10 - Iron or steel, self-tapping screws, w/ shanks or threads less than 6 mm in diameter 7318.14.50 - Iron or steel, self-tapping screws, w/ shank s or thr e ads 6 mm or m or e in diameter 7318.15.20 - Iron or steel, bolts and bolts & their nuts or washers, imported in the same shipment

Analysts say that by teaming up with Europe and keeping the Trump tariffs in place, Biden will retain leverage over China, mute Congressional criticism and bolster public support. Trump began imposing import tariffs on Chinese products in 2018, leading to double-digit tariffs on $370 billion in Chinese goods that set off the biggest U.S. trade war in decades. The tariffs include 25% duties on bolts, screws and other fasteners (HTS subheadings 7318.11.00 to 7318.29.00) manufactured in China and 15% on all Chinese iron and steel nuts (HTS subheading 7318.16.00). The tariffs were issued under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, which allows the White House to fight foreign trade policy it deems “unreasonable or discriminatory and burdens or restricts United States commerce.”

In September, the World Trade Organization (WTO) ruled that Trump’s tariffs on more than $400 billion in Chinese goods violate international trade regulations. “While Trump insists

7318.15.40 - Iron or steel, machine screws (o/than cap screws), 9.5 mm or more in length and 3.2 mm in diameter 7318.15.50 - Iron or steel, threaded studs 7318.15.60 - Iron or steel, screws and bolts, nesoi, having shanks or threads less than 6 mm in diameter 7318.15.80 - Iron or steel, screws and bolts, nesoi, having shanks or threads 6 mm or more in diameter 7318.19.00 - Iron or steel, threaded articles similar to screws, bolts, nuts, coach screws & screw hooks, nesoi 7318.21.00 - Iron or steel, spring washers and other lock washers 7318.22.00 - Iron or steel, w asher s (o/than spring washers and other lock washers) 7318.23.00 - Iron or steel, rivets 7318.24.00 - Iron or steel, cotters and cotter pins 7318.29.00 - Iron or steel, nonthreaded articles similar to rivets, cotters, cotter pins, washers and spring washers

087

China Fastener World no.62/2021

U.S. President Joe Biden intends to keep import tariffs on China in place early in his presidency, saying the U.S. needs more leverage against “abusive” trade practices, MarketWatch reports. “I’m not going to make any immediate moves, and the same applies to the tariffs,” Biden told New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman.

“I’m not going to prejudice my options.” Biden said he will try to build an allied front against China’s unfair trade practices, while also trying to improve diplomatic ties with China by toning down the harsh rhetoric used by former President Donald Trump.

American News when shipping costs will stabilize,” Sachs explained. “There are so many factors created by the Pandemic. These are very unusual times with many unanswered questions.” “In the past, shortage of container space and large increases in shipping costs typically come and go pretty quickly,” Sachs has found. “I am afraid to say...not this time due to the uncertainty of the Pandemic and the trade war with China. You just need to come up to the plate and keep swinging.”

Acquisitions Boost SWK Fastening Sales

Sachs: ‘Perfect Storm’ Creates Container Shortage in the US “ T he cost of t he cont a i ners have i ncreased dramatically over the past 12 months,” Bob Sachs of XL Screw said. The shortage is due to a “perfect storm” created by a list of reasons for container shortage.

“The steamship lines are really taking advantage of the situation and they are reportedly making record profits,” Sachs said. “They are very happy.” Reasons for the container shortage include “empty containers sitting all over the world waiting to be shipped back to the Far East. Not enough cargo to be shipped back to the Far East,” Sachs explained. “This creates a lack of container availability to ship back to the USA.” The pandemic also contributes to the container sho r t a ge: “ Be c a u s e b u si n e s s slowe d d ow n s o dramatically last year, I heard that the companies that make new shipping containers cut way back on their new production,” Sachs noted. “Now they can't keep up with the demand.” Demand for container space had increased toward the end of 2019 with the economies of the world doing well, Sachs pointed out.

“Companies needed to replenish their inventories due to improvement of the demand for product worldwide.”

St a n ley Bla ck & D e cker rep or t e d Engineered Fastening organic revenues dropped by 2% in the final quarter of 2020 “as strong automotive fastener growth was offset by an improved, but still declining, general industrial market.” Those results were offset by an 11% revenue increase from the US$1.5 billion acquisition of Consolidated Aerospace Manufacturing LLC (CAM).

Brea, CA-based CAM, which manufactures aerospace fasteners and components, was launched by Tinicum in 2012 as a holding company for eight manufacturing firms active in aerospace component sector.

Among CAM’s holdings are Bristol Industries, E.A. Patten, Aerofit, Voss Industries, 3V Fasteners, QRP and Moeller.

Q4 Industrial segment revenue, including fasteners, grew 10% to $658 million, with profit rising 14.4% to $88.9 million at a rate of 13.5%. Fullyear Industrial segment revenue, including fasteners, declined 3.4% to $2.35 billion, while profit fell 32.5% to $225.6 million at a rate of 9.6%.

Consolidated Black & Decker revenue rose 1% to $14.53 billion. Full-year net earnings gained 29% to $1.23 billion.

Dyson Opens New Manufacturing & Distribution Location in Texas Dyson Corporation, Painesville, OH, USA, is proud to announce the opening of its newest location in Houston, TX, USA, as of January 2021. This modern facility is the manufacturing location for foundation anchoring products to support the growing wind energy market in the southwest.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

PPE products are especially in demand now and “governments are paying a hefty price to the steamship lines to move the PPE cargo.” Sachs termed giving PPE cargo priority “understandable.”

Sachs’ fourth reason for the container shortage is steamship lines “cutting way back on their vessel sailings to create a demand on container space thus taking advantage of the situation and being able to raise their prices.” “Shipping costs change daily,” Sachs finds. Also the Chinese New Year “always creates a push for available container space,” Sachs added.

Sachs observed “there are so many ships sitting outside the USA West Coast Ports waiting to unload their cargo. This is creating long delays.”

All of those reasons combined have “created the Perfect Storm!” Sachs declared.

When will the container situation ease? “I have no idea when container availability will improve and

088

John Wolz, Editor of FIN (globalfastenernews.com) Mike McNulty, FTI VP & Editor (www.fastenertech.com)

社論 文/惠達 曾柏勳

鋼鐵高值綠化與 高價化雙頭夾擊

緊固件業 是否做足 準備？

鋼價 瘋漲 今年四月，中國大陸出口797.4萬噸鋼材，創下了2016年底以來月度出口量的新高點。前四 個月的出口量上升了近25%，達到2,565萬噸，進口量也增加近17%，達到489萬噸的規模。 局勢轉變之快令人措手不及，中國財政部在接近4月底宣布，包括部分盤條線材的鋼產 品，自5月1日起取消13%的出口退稅。今年全世界鋼鐵需求不斷高漲，中國大陸為彌補國內粗 鋼產量下滑帶來的供給缺口，取消部分鋼材品種的出口退稅政策，並採取措施增加 鋼鐵進口。此舉讓中國大陸的鋼鐵出口急踩剎車，反映出內部鋼鐵需求也告急。

5月，包括沙鋼、永鋼、柳鋼、廣鋼等中國大陸各地鋼廠都一齊高漲鋼價，總體價 格可能在後期衝向每噸6,000元人民幣大關。作為原物料的鋼胚甚至一日調價三次， 被媒體以「鋼坯漲瘋了」、「鋼價狂飆暴漲」稱之。已有下游業者大喊吃不消，認為原 物料價格已高出接單時的價格，為了避免大規模虧損，不惜寧願向顧客違約、退單、 付賠償金，也不要賠本製造。由於撐不住原物料上漲，已有中國大陸廠商向客戶調漲 產品價格。 2021年已是萬物皆漲的時代，鋼鐵還僅是其中一項大幅漲價的原物料。通貨膨脹的警鐘再 度響起，緊固件業者作為消費使用鋼鐵的產業，必須盡快在被暴漲的巨獸吞噬之前，調整或控制 接單的成本，究竟這隻巨獸會存在多久、會不會繼續增大，在當今的世界局勢下，沒人能確切說個 準。緊固件業者必須繃緊開支，或選擇高單價高利潤的訂單來盡量減少虧損，度過這一段暴漲期。

碳權、綠化煉鋼 已成顯學 美國政權輪替之後，世界對環保的關注宛如打了一劑強心針，讓碳排議題再度成為各國商談 的主軸之一。先前歐盟早已宣布擴大減排的目標，要在2030年前削減至少55%的溫室氣體。不僅 是全球多家汽車大廠早已宣布零碳排宣言，連帶包括鋼廠也走上綠化的大路。 例如美國將出現首座100%風能供電的煉鋼廠 ，耗資2.5億美元，位於密蘇里州，屬於美國第2大鋼鐵公司紐柯(Nucor)所有。這 座風能煉鋼廠將利用風電來驅動電弧爐，將廢鋼熔化轉變為新的再生鋼。此外在科羅拉多州，還有全美首座100%太陽能供電的 煉鋼廠 ，預計在2021年問世，將採用「光伏煉鋼」技術。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

2020年12月25日，中國大陸發布《碳排放權交易管理辦法》，正式啟動碳排放權交易體系，鋼鐵產業於十四五期間逐步納 入。顯然，碳權以及綠化的令旗已指向中國大陸鋼鐵業。寶武集團已在2019年初與第三方合作開發「核能制氫」技術，用以代替 煉鋼工藝中使用的化石燃料。第2大鋼鐵企業河鋼集團也加入戰局，在2019年底宣佈計畫建造一座年產能約120萬噸的氫冶金示 範性工程。中國大陸鋼鐵業已在脫碳減排路上跨出一步。

「緊固件高價化」時代 是否會來臨？ 該為您的企業體質做總體檢 不論是風能、太陽能、核能、氫基煉鋼，這些技術都要耗費鉅額的開發成本。據了解，光是採用氫能煉鐵的工藝成本就比傳 統高爐冶煉工藝至少高5倍以上。其中有多少成本會反映到鋼價，或者是否將要反映到鋼價上，仍是未知數。 鋼價只是其中一項成本壓力，製造業還要面臨國際運費大漲的衝擊。據悉，貨櫃船運市場因塞港、缺櫃現象未解，歐美線3 月底到5月底有92個航次取消。截至五月，光是歐洲線，每一大箱貨櫃的運費上漲1,000到1,400美元，最高衝到一箱運費要價1萬 美元。 面對如此種種壓力成本，包括緊固件業的下游廠商必須要針對製程(包括原料、倉儲、出貨)，以及財務、營運、通路的選擇、 客群屬性的選擇等等面向，為自身做營運體檢，提前幾年做好成本規劃。此外，也可考慮接收少量多樣的訂單，採用機動性較高 的製造和接單模式。眼下任何一個製造環節都不能再出現虧損的紕漏，才不會讓自家企業在大勢已定後，霎時間被斷頭。

002

封面故事

浙江海迅精密科技 手握三張王牌 突破國際「漲」勢 文/惠達 曾柏勳

今年全球市場需求漲高，但自去年以來，全球引爆「貨櫃荒」，許多貨運路線大幅縮緊輸送量，世界各地都有貨櫃被擱 置，這使貨櫃運輸成本上漲和產品價格上漲。面對需求、成本和價格皆漲，海迅靠打出三張牌，讓自身能安然度過這場風 暴，繼續為歐洲、俄羅斯、美國及南美洲顧客提供超過4,000種緊固件。過去兩年來出口量成長17%，已達到87,000噸，成為 全球最大緊固件供應商之一。

智能化工廠、強化價格競爭力 公司引進了自動倉儲系統與掃描系統，整合各生產環節，取得了大幅降低物流成本以及提高工廠運作效率的成果，讓 產品更具有價格競爭力。「我們將成為未來的智慧工廠，在研發、生產、DIY包裝等各方面繼續加大投入。」

百家合作廠商、 高規質量管制 海迅嚴選全球150家合作廠商，使產品快 速送達買主手中，其中包括該公司在歐洲DIY 市場中熱銷的「Timber Screws」木用螺絲。 針對中國客戶還提供庫存服務。 它通過歐盟CE EN14592木結構 緊固件認證以及CE EN 14566機械緊 固件認證，產品獲歐洲客戶的愛用。 生產流程皆符合ISO9001標準，每年重 新審核並調整。它有自己的螺絲工廠、

提升2021年產能 海迅的新廠很快將在今年8月份落成完工。屆時，新建的廠房面積將達到 26,000平方公尺，螺絲產品的產量可望將提高到每個月1,500噸。透過智慧工 廠、合作廠商的配合、提升產能，公司有強大的底蘊面對市場動盪。「在全球原材料大幅上漲，海運費用大幅上漲以及疫情 持續嚴重的市場環境下，海迅盡全力保證客戶的利益，保質保量按時交貨，與客戶共同渡過這個困難時期！」 聯絡人：梁輝總經理

E-Mail: simon@hisener.com

003

China Fastener World no.62/2021

DIY產品包裝線和倉庫。每個月可包裝約50個貨櫃量，並引進臺灣製造的打頭 機、滾牙機、螺紋切割機和鑽頭成型機等等設備。每個生產環節透過ERP數碼 化系統完整監測並嚴格控管。實驗室備有尺寸量測設備、冶金分析儀器、機 械測試機台和表面分析機，為產品品質做好把關。

名人 線上專訪

切入智慧製造、數位轉型 國聯打前鋒

陳志宏董事長: “企業不數位轉型，10年後恐難生存!

”

China Fastener World no.62/2021

視訊採訪/惠達副總編輯張剛豪; 圖片/國聯機械

今年5月9日台灣經濟部公布9家 中小企業加速投資行動方案審議通 過名單，國際金屬線材伸線機械設 備大廠國聯機械再度榜上有名。將 在高雄科學園區投資金額達三億新 台幣的 3,000 坪廠房內以「自有品 牌、智慧製造、數位轉型」為發展 主軸，力拼在未來5~10年內打造出 一個整合自身和海內外先進技術的 智慧製造工廠，同時針對輔導客戶 和智慧伸線設備整廠輸出服務做更 深一層的優化。一方面希望為國聯 的業界領先地位持續創造亮點，另 一方面也期盼藉此帶動產業整體的 智慧轉型浪潮。

004

降低對「人」的依賴 是企業致勝關鍵 在少子化和台灣整體產業環境政策改變等因素影響下，解決缺工 和技術傳承的問題早已迫在眉睫。國聯陳志宏董事長表示一勞永逸的 解決辦法就是減少產業對「人」的依賴。他認為，人的因素其實是整 個產業最難處理的部分，包括人才的培養和成本( 例如 : 培養一名高階 經理至少需要一千萬的隱性成本，但後續的傳承充滿變數)。考慮到這 點，國聯已經為未來 5 年甚或 10 年的發展未雨綢繆，旗下機械事業部 在「產業升級、二代團隊接班、數位轉型」的三大主軸下，重新建構 創新研發、產品技術、自動化智能化產線管理和客戶服務的新樣貌。 陳董事長表示: 「目前我們的機械部門正積極導入機械手臂，以及 日本 / 美國 / 台灣的先進加工設備，希望能打造出 24 小時甚至是 48 小時 運作不間斷的關燈工廠 ; 在線材整廠輸出跟技術轉移與訓練服務，結 合雲端智慧製造系統，也與許多具指標性的產業顧問合作，優化客戶

名人 線上專訪

輔導和整廠輸出服務，尤其把酸洗流程的自 動化生產，利用機械手龍門吊車至無人化生 產的水準，在必須讓盤元的氧化皮如何到一 定乾淨的穩定度，從粗抽、球化、酸洗、精 抽流程、整體綜合技術的配合考量，這樣的 技術已經在大陸知名鋼廠月產 8000 噸的案 子當中實現。縱使在去年疫情嚴峻之際，我 們也沒有停止企業轉型的腳步，反而是更加 忙碌。因為以目前全球產業的發展趨勢來 看，企業若不再加緊腳步啟動數位轉型，我 預估10年後將難以在業界生存!」

「打仗」要有精密的武器 投入智慧製造並不難 陳董事長的扣件職涯今年剛好滿 30 年，見過不少跨界產業藉助 產業升級一舉躋身成長翻倍俱樂部的案例。螺絲雖屬傳產，但關於 投入智慧製造，陳董表示，多年前台灣早有幾家螺絲大廠在做機聯 網和大數據。面對來自全球四面八方的競爭( 尤其是中國 ) ，陳董認 為 : 「既然攻是一股力量，守也是一股力量，那麼何不主動採取攻 勢，率先取得先機。而且，螺絲產業有個特質，只要研究出一兩個 領先市場的產品，想要憑藉此產品再發展個 10-20 年幾乎沒問題。 而想要達成這樣的目標，就需要導入精良的設備。」

“

除了添購機械手臂及高精度加工設備(例如:日本 MAZAK)外，國聯也積極導入雲端聯網即時監督設 備運作狀態。另一方面也努力把老師傅的技藝透過 數位工具編寫成人人可用的方程式，讓產線的運作 能達到穩定、一致和可轉移性的終極目標。

”

從中美貿易戰一直到目前的疫情，國聯仍維持正常運 作，甚至連週六都在趕工加班。主要是因為國聯多年來積 極投入策略轉型和組織變革，深入去分析了解客戶真的痛 點和癢點。在「人無我有、人有我優」的服務原則下，想 辦法滿足客戶需要。不僅成功打入德國、義大利、瑞士及 日本、美國等世界知名大廠、行銷歐洲、美洲、中東、南 美洲、亞洲、非洲等五大洲全球45 國，也讓國聯目前接觸 的客戶80%以上都是上市櫃企業或該國指標大廠。 陳董表示 : 「我們希望在未來 5 年內能突破 50 國。國聯 選擇走一條很艱難的路，把自己定位為方案的輸出者，在 創新的道路上賣力耕耘。尤其在第一期第二期的企業投資 計劃中，進一步去強化智慧製造和自有品牌這一塊，希望 能在今年底前完成機械手臂關燈工廠的目標。未來也期盼 朝上市櫃的方向去努力，真正成為大眾的公司。」

“

大家不知道怎麼做 那就由國聯做給大家看吧! 做為國內智慧伸線設備技術服務的翹楚，國聯 更期待在產業智慧製造和數位轉型上扮演帶動者 的角色。尤其是螺絲業產普遍是中小企業居多， 若想要擴大發展，更應該透過策略整合，每個人 把自己的優勢拿出來相互融合，進而在國際上有 屬於自己的品牌，不再走低利代工模式。甚至可 以走出螺絲產業，跨界學習，並非一定要在螺絲 產業裡打轉。 他認為，發展智慧製造的希望在第二代，但很 可惜的是，很多人真心想做，但卻不知道該怎麼 做 ? 因此希望藉由自己多年來所累積下來的知識 經驗以身作則示範，讓大家了解究竟投入智慧製 造、數位轉型能夠為自己創造哪些好處。

他強調，智慧製造和數位轉型是非常迫切的！他也衷心期盼台灣兩大螺絲公 協會等團體組織能持續帶領台灣業者往國際化走。台灣有台灣的優勢，一定 要走出舒適圈，為未來創造機會，而現在正是最好的時機。

”

005

China Fastener World no.62/2021

國聯式客戶服務學 讓客戶主動找上門

公司報導

法思德

匠心雕琢

高性價比緊固件享譽國際

文/惠達副總編輯 張剛豪

餘姚法思德五金有限公司自2006年成立以來，主要以碳鋼和不銹鋼材料專業生產草繩 釘，六角鑽尾螺絲，幹壁釘，纖維板釘等各式緊固件產品。依據客戶的需求規格從M3.0至 M10，長度範圍最短從9.5mm甚至到最長400mm皆有能力製作。在現有15,000平方米廠房以 及多達100名專業人員的運作規模下，每月的緊固件產能已經達到1,500噸。不管在製造能力或 是供應量能上，法思德都是海內外緊固件經銷商、批發商和各類終端使用者多年來公認不可 或缺的合作夥伴。在俄羅斯、德國、意大利、波蘭等重要緊固件應用市場，法思德優質的緊固件 產品更是年年獲得使用者青睞。

完整製程配套 「長螺絲」生產為主要特色 法思德除了本身俱備優異的製造技術，在產品的後續熱處理和鍍鋅加工部分也持續與外部的協 力廠密切配合，讓旗下產品的質量過去10多年穩定維持在水平之上。尤其在製作難度和細節上往往需 更加註意的長尺寸螺絲，法思德也早已駕輕就熟，成功發展出屬於自己的特色。 對於法思德多年來所累積的發展成果，總經理魏百強先生認為: 「自主創新和技術培訓是支持我 們能走到現在很重要的一環。為了提高團隊成員的技術水準和研發能力，我司每年皆會針對員工組織 內部培訓，同時也會定期外派技術人員交流學習。所投注的心力也產生顯著成效，例如: 我司自主研發 的夾尾模具，質量穩、產量大、交期短、價格優，目前已屬業界領先地位。」

踏穩歐洲市場 ISO、CE、ETA三重認證 China Fastener World no.62/2021

法思德在幾年前就躋身ISO 9001和CE質量認證之列，去年年底更上一層樓，三款攻速更快、質量更加穩定、尺寸 更多樣化的木建築用螺絲成功取得通過難度更高的ETA 20-0316認證。不僅是對其產品用於木結構房屋固定上顯著能 力的肯定，也為法思德未來拓展歐洲市場佈局甚至是更高階市場贏得一塊敲門磚。 魏百強總經理表示: 「我司最大的優勢莫過於能持續且穩定地提供客戶最高性價比的產品，同時還能對客戶的問 題及時做出回饋改進。正因如此，我司才能持續深獲客戶好評。更重要的是，我們也看到與我司合作的公司和工廠在歐 美市場的地位越來越凸顯，市場份額也大幅提升。」 面對未來中國和全球持續看好的發展動能，法思德計劃持續拓展廠房規模，擴大車間及導入熱處理和鍍鋅產線， 在「匠心精神、用心製造」的理念下，積極開啟更多客戶合作機會及擴大市場佈局。

法思德聯絡人: 魏百強總經理

006

Email: 760@chinanchor.com

產業報導

美國電動車 市場發展和 扣件需求 文/ Sabrina Rodriguez

汽車製造商近期正快速地推出電動車款。最近幾年的電動車生產 有提高美國的扣件需求嗎?這種需求隨著汽車製造商持續增加，生產會 持續成長嗎? 備註: 本文數據取自Descartes™ Datamyne的美國貿易統計數據。美國進出口貿易統計數 據包含所有運輸模式的數據。數值以到岸進口美元計算。本文中扣件指的是 海關編碼為7318的產品(鋼鐵螺絲、螺栓、螺帽、馬車螺絲、銷、開口銷、墊 片和類似部件)以及7318的子項目。

「特斯拉」這詞可能會在 2021 年勾起許多人的記憶，不只是因為它是一 革新。電動車的版本自 1880 年代就被提出，每一種都有速度和哩程限制，更 別說特徵也有限制。美國能源部也已經回溯整理出電動車的歷史發展脈絡， 並認定 1889 年的那款電動運貨馬車就是第一款電動車。從排放汙染物進入環 境的天然氣和蒸氣驅動車輛再往前邁了一大步。時間快速拉回至 2006 年，特

談到美國扣件進口， 什麼趨勢已經可以看到? 根據美國貿易統計數據，在談 到2020 年同期扣件進口量時，2021

斯拉推出首款續行力200英哩的電動車，囊括所有現代車輛的產品附加特色。

一至二月出現稍微的增長。 2020 年

其他電動車，包括通用Chevy Volt和日產Leaf也進入美國市場。隨著電動

年初的貿易因為疫情的出現開始受

車的增加，對於充電樁的需求也隨之而來。美國能源部在 2009 至 2013 年期間

到影響。 731814 的扣件子項目在

已經在美國安裝超過18,000座家用和商用充電樁。無庸置疑地，電動車其中一

2021 年進口值增加 25% ，進口量增

個主要組成要素就是原本成本非常高昂的電池。較低成本的電池最終讓電動

加 31% ，而 731819 的扣件子項目進

車的價格對末端用戶來說更容易負擔，使得改開電動車變得極度有吸引力。

口值減少20%，進口量減少10.6%。

絕大部分，美國汽車製造商會從海外貿易夥伴進口大多數汽車零件和材 料。其中汽車製造業中最受歡迎的產品是扣件，大致上是自台灣、中國和日

731812 的扣件子項目進口值增加 24%，進口量大幅增加71%。

本進口。考慮到近期美國執政團隊的做法，我們可能會開始看到更多創造乾

在2021年前兩個月，自台灣

淨能源的努力，其中之一可能會是吸引電動車消費者的動機。在美國，大約

進口的扣件佔全部進口值的37%以

有 91% 的家庭至少有一輛車。考慮到美國主要地區缺乏運輸系統而導致對車

上，同時中國佔了17.6%，日本佔

輛有需求的部分，這應該一點也不令人意外。

了10%。在2021年前兩個月南韓對

007

China Fastener World no.62/2021

家成功的電動車製造商，也是全球汽車製造商已經想了幾世紀的概念的現代

產業報導 表一. 美國扣件進口 產品編碼 (4碼)

01/01/2020 - 02/29/2020 到岸進口 總額 (美元)

%

01/01/2021 - 02/28/2021

進口總量 (公斤)

%

到岸進口 美元(總額)

%

前期比

進口總量 (公斤)

到岸進口總 額(美元)

%

%

進口總量 (公斤)

%

7318 - 鋼鐵螺絲、 螺栓、螺帽、馬車 螺絲、螺絲鉤、拉 890,047,378 100 247,614,300 100 880,164,670 100 250,633,955 100 -9,882,708 -1.12 3,019,655 1.22 釘、銷、開口銷、 墊片和類似部件

表二. 美國扣件進口 (子項目) 產品編碼 (6碼)

01/01/2020 - 02/29/2020 到岸進口額 (美元)

%

到岸進口量 (公斤)

01/01/2021 - 02/28/2021 %

到岸進口額 (美元)

%

前期比

到岸進口量 (公斤)

到岸進口額 (美元)

%

%

到岸進口 量(公斤)

%

731815 - 無論有 無含螺帽或墊片的 388,445,288 43.65 118,875,422 48.01 356,207,730 40.48 107,821,050 43.02 -32,237,558 -8.30 -11,054,372 -9.30 螺紋螺絲和螺栓 731816 - 鋼鐵螺 195,781,748 22.00 46,229,519 18.67 180,908,862 20.56 41,200,079 16.44 -14,872,886 -7.60 -5,029,440 -10.88 紋螺帽 731814 - 鋼鐵螺 145,889,895 16.40 52,275,222 21.12 182,988,870 20.80 68,531,141 27.35 37,098,975 25.43 16,255,919 31.10 紋自攻螺絲 731829 - 鋼鐵非 57,112,999 6.42 6,776,943 2.74 55,999,277 6.37 6,755,701 2.70 -1,113,722 -1.96 -21,242 -0.32 螺紋部件(扣件) 731822 - 除防鬆 墊片之外的 43,234,485 4.86 13,296,432 5.37 42,776,162 4.87 13,266,091 5.30 -458,323 -1.07 -30,341 -0.23 鋼鐵墊片 731819 - 鋼鐵螺 19,981,982 2.25 2,587,746 1.05 15,972,513 1.82 2,313,566 0.93 -4,009,469 -20.07 -274,180 -10.60 紋部件 731821 - 鋼鐵彈 簧墊片及其他防 10,963,777 1.24 1,169,951 0.48 10,861,293 1.24 1,309,899 0.53 -102,484 -0.94 139,948 11.97 鬆墊片 731823 - 鋼鐵 10,774,848 1.22 1,936,646 0.79 11,776,797 1.34 1,987,031 0.80 1,001,949 9.30 50,385 2.61 拉釘 731824 - 鋼鐵銷 8,399,785 0.95 861,526 0.35 9,147,780 1.04 1,015,327 0.41 747,995 8.91 153,801 17.86 及開口銷 731812 - 除馬車 螺絲以外之鋼鐵 4,922,163 0.56 1,390,950 0.57 6,102,902 0.70 2,383,546 0.96 1,180,739 23.99 992,596 71.37 螺紋木螺絲 總計

890,047,378 100.00 247,614,300 100.00 880,164,670 100.00 250,633,955 100.00

-9,882,708

-1.12

3,019,655

1.22

China Fastener World no.62/2021

表三. 美國扣件進口 (主要進口來源) 進口 來源

01/01/2020 - 02/29/2020 到岸進口額 到岸進口量 % (美元) (公斤)

%

01/01/2021 - 02/28/2021 到岸進口額 到岸進口量 % (美元) (公斤)

%

到岸進口額 (美元)

台灣

303,753,023

34.13

96,188,546

38.85 329,754,798

37.47 101,425,131

40.47

26,001,775

中國

164,272,934

18.46

73,058,391

29.51 155,138,347

17.63

66,589,913

26.57

-9,134,587

日本

102,282,495

11.50

15,243,747

13,942,325

6.16

88,449,160

10.05

前期比 到岸進口 % 量(公斤) 5,236,585

5.45

-5.57 -6,468,478

-8.86

5.57 -13,833,335 -13.53 -1,301,422

-8.54

德國

64,990,844

7.31

8,040,892

3.25

51,635,800

5.87

6,489,052

加拿大

53,521,900

6.02

12,461,641

5.04

51,993,301

5.91

11,394,014

4.55

-1,528,599

南韓

31,947,366

3.59

7,503,691

3.04

35,564,734

4.05

12,548,892

5.01

8.57

%

2.59 -13,355,044 -20.55 -1,551,840 -19.30 -2.86 -1,067,627

-8.57

3,617,368

11.33

67.24

5,045,201

義大利

23,123,186

2.60

2,422,965

0.98

26,768,255

3.05

3,031,405

1.21

3,645,069

15.77

608,440

25.12

印度

21,320,848

2.40

10,256,088

4.15

24,903,128

2.83

12,243,627

4.89

3,582,280

16.81

1,987,539

19.38

墨西哥

21,300,534

2.40

2,142,053

0.87

21,458,951

2.44

2,524,351

1.01

158,417

0.75

382,298

17.85

16,080,607

1.81

1,201,109

0.49

12,000,238

1.37

609,988

0.25

英國 總計

008

890,047,378 100.00 247,614,300 100.00 880,164,670 100.00 250,633,955 100.00

-4,080,369 -25.38 -9,882,708

-1.12

-591,121 -49.22 3,019,655

1.22

產業報導

美國的扣件出口相較於2020年同期增加了超過67%。同樣地， 義大利對美的扣件出口增加25%，印度增加19%。 根據數量統計，在 2010至2012 年間，扣件進口呈現穩定增 加，然後到2013年稍微呈現高檔表現。2014至2015年間則有另一波 增加，接著在 2016 年出現意料之外的下滑，然後在 2018 年又出現 戲劇性的增加。與2018 年增加巧合的是，特斯拉已經開始生產萬 眾期待且已經有數千筆提前預訂的Model 3。2020年，美國進口的 扣件量達1,491,564,174 公斤(約149萬噸)，比2010 年進口的總量高 出將近26%。從這10 年間的增加來看，我們可以預期到2030 年扣 件的需求將增加約20-25%。

表四. 2010至2020年間的美國扣件進口

7318 鋼鐵螺絲、 螺栓、螺帽、 馬車螺絲、 螺絲鉤、拉 釘、銷、開口 銷、 墊片和 類似部件

到岸進口額 (美元)

到岸進口量 (公斤)

2010

到岸進口額 (美元)

到岸進口量 (公斤)

2011

到岸進口額 (美元)

到岸進口量 (公斤)

2012

到岸進口額 (美元)

到岸進口量 (公斤)

2013

3,652,755,043 1,184,441,689 4,413,558,966 1,354,071,671 4,887,887,114 1,437,079,831 4,778,944,402 1,459,946,322 2014

2015

2016

2017

5,152,781,842 1,539,876,990 5,291,482,711 1,597,974,818 4,785,685,901 1,512,964,397 5,168,791,299 1,546,678,148 2018

2019

2020

6,029,489,521 1,782,518,912 5,841,885,221 1,638,796,650 5,073,308,249 1,491,564,174

China Fastener World no.62/2021

產品編碼 (4碼)

009

產業報導

汽車製造商及扣件供應商 未來可能會面臨什麼光景?

共運輸系統，但是並非每座城市都像紐約和波士頓 一樣提供可靠和足夠的公眾運輸。對其他住在主要 城市以外以及較不靠近市中心的人，擁有一輛車可

主要的汽車製造商過去數十年來持續在設計自家電動 車和油電車的原型。接下來幾年，像是美國的福特、通用和 克萊斯勒都會在市場推出電動車款。美國以外的奧迪、寶馬 和現代也將透過國際貿易進入美國市場。產量的增加將維持 現有對扣件的需求，或是增加需求，因為將有更多車輛被生 產出來。要記住大多數汽車製造商彼此間是很競爭的，所以 對海外賣家來說，在生產開始增加的時候，維持穩定的扣件 供應來滿足市場需求是很有助益的。 非常有趣的是，車輛共享APP似乎沒有降低對車輛的需 求。對於那些因為改在家工作而減少了或免除了每日通勤車

以提供便利性，並在很多條件下可以節省公共運輸 時間。 有件事是可以確定的: 我們正在看到轉換至較 乾淨能源的轉變過程。或許在正確的誘因下，對環 境的關注和較低的成本，會有更多消費者拋棄燃料 車的選項轉而投入電動車懷抱。對許多人來說，選 擇使用大眾交通工具是基於環境因素。不持有燃料 車降低了其整體碳足跡和整體因為汽車所產生的 排放。考慮到可負擔程度和降低環境危害，電動車 預期將成為消費者支持的選項。

輛需求的大量勞工似乎也是如此。大多數主要城市有提供公

文/ 惠達 曾柏勳

海鹽衛士標準件有限公司

車間擴大&螺母新品上市 海鹽衛士是生產螺母的行家，自 1995 年起的 25 年間持續生產符合國標（ GB ）、德制 (DIN) 、美制 (ANSI)、英制(BS)等等標準螺母之外，也供應非標準緊固件。為了讓客戶可從海鹽衛士買到規格從小到大 更齊全的螺母，近期還宣佈DIN934螺母新增了M30-M36的規格，美制新增了1-1/8、1-1/4規格。這讓該公 司可提供尺寸M5-M36以及材質為Q195、35K、45K、10B33、40CR的緊固件等等五金產品，月產量已達 到1,200噸。以往客戶只能在別家購買的大規格螺母，現在透過衛士都買得到了。 該公司最近正在重新擴大和裝修改造，要打造出技術科技一流化的車間。透過引進國內外先進的冷墩、衝壓系列 設備，海鹽衛士為建築、公路鐵路、汽車零件、傢俱產業的客戶供應緊固件產品。該公司強在交期準時、品質高、 服務優、信譽高，為東南亞、義大利、美國、南美、法國、北美、中東、歐洲、美洲的客戶省時並減少麻煩。未來 更要多擴展到其他國家市場。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

去年疫情期間該公司實現了第一時間復工複產，讓工人的生活與客戶的交貨不受影響。黃振凱總經理說「選擇衛 士准不會錯。我們會嚴以律己，提供絕佳產品！」他更希望在 2021下半年增加產量，提高生產效率與客戶滿意度， 讓海鹽衛士的事業在海外各地拓展宏圖。 海鹽衛士聯絡人：黃振凱總經理 E-mail: andy.huang@wsfastener.com

010

產業報導

惠達特搜 全球新聞 惠達編輯部 整理

世界鋼鐵協會預測全球鋼材需求增加5.8% 世界鋼鐵協會預測2021年全球鋼 材需求會增加5.8%，達到18.74億噸， 2022 年會增加 2.7%，達19.24 億噸。 疫情由於疫苗的普及而有所趨緩，雖 然各國的經濟對策也出現效果，但預測先進國家要花費數年才能恢復 到疫情前的水準。若只看中國，當地鋼材需求在2021年會增加3%，達 10.24億噸，2022年會增加1%，達10.35億噸。由於當地景氣刺激政策效 果趨緩，所以成長率縮小。另一方面，先進國家2021年鋼材需求會成長 8.2%，達3.71億噸，2022年增加4.2%，達3.86億噸。

產 業 動 態

印尼積極發展電動車產業鏈 鎖定中美日韓外資 印尼近年致力發展完整的電動車產業鏈，目標是在2025 年時，20%汽車產量為電動車，打造印尼成為全球電動車、電動 車電池生產中心，鎖定中國、日本、韓國及美國的投資者。印尼投 資協調委員會今年初宣布韓國企業LG能源解決方案公司（LG Energy Solution）將在印尼投資98億美元（約新台幣2,744億元），與印尼4家企業 (印尼的國家電力公司PLN、伯達米那石油公司Pertamina、阿內卡礦業公司 Aneka Tambang以及礦業控股公司MIND ID)組成的電動車電池集團合作，建立完整的上下游電動車電池產業。

發展電動車產業的關鍵在於電池製造，印尼擁有豐富原料，包括鈷、鎳、錳等稀有金屬，有利於建立價格具全球競爭力的 電動車產業。印尼總統佐科威（Joko Widodo）設定印尼在2022年起開始生產電動車，2023年電動車使用的本土零件須達35%， 2025年的電動車產量須占汽車總生產量的20%，讓印尼成為亞洲，甚至是全球電動車以及電動車電池的製造重鎮。

台灣中鋼2021第二季內銷鋼品盤價 平均調幅8.3% 台灣中鋼03月12日召開內銷鋼品盤價會議。會中決議，棒線產品每公噸將調漲新台幣2,000元，汽車料每 公噸將調漲新台幣2,800元。中鋼表示，考量到第一季盤價調幅遠落後原物料成本，與同業漲幅差異，以及第 二季成本波動，因此第二季基價平均調幅8.3%。

台塑越南河靜大鋼廠快速壯大，2020 年11月喜傳建廠以來首見的轉 虧為盈，由於2020年12月至今年2月鋼價持續上漲，可望在今年月月轉旺。 越鋼總面積高達3,000公頃，除規劃全新三號高爐外，進一步擬定200公頃 「鋼鐵衛星城」計畫，預定2021年6月啟動招商，鎖定鋼鐵加工、螺絲扣件、 運輸倉儲及維修服務等業態，總量數十家。繼RCEP簽署後，鋼鐵衛星城計 畫在鋼鐵關連產業間獲得回響。台塑越鋼董事長陳源成表示，用這麼大的 土地幫越南規劃最大的工業區，基本上需要符合環保要求，越南市場需求 量大，現在是東南亞最熱門的地方，很多產業都去投資，螺絲螺帽業也把 那邊當成重要基地，尤其有了河靜大鋼廠，鋼鐵料源穩定，將可發展出龐大 的中下游用鋼產業。

011

China Fastener World no.62/2021

台塑越南鋼廠轉盈 氣勢月月轉旺

惠達特搜全球新聞

英國產品符合性標籤， 是英國全新採行的產品認證 機制，主要適用於在大不列顛市場 (包括英格 蘭、威爾士和蘇格蘭)。這項認證適用先前多數 需要有CE認證的產品。UKCA並不適用於要求 需有CE或UKNI認證的北愛爾蘭市場。您必須 符合的UKCA技術要求(必備要求)以及用於展 現產品符合性的符合性評估流程和標準大致 都與CE的部分相同。

UKCA已於2021年1月1日正式生效。不過， 為了讓企業有足夠時間可以調整適應新規範要 求，多數情況下，您仍可以在2022年1月1日前使 用CE認證。在一些情況下，您可能在2021年1月 1日以後就必須使用全新的UKCA認證才可在 英國進行銷售。 CE認證只在大不列顛和歐盟實施規範一 致的大不列顛地區適用。倘若歐盟改變規範且 您的產品是依此新規範取得 CE認證，則不得 使用CE認證在大不列顛市場進行銷售，即使認 證是在2021年12月31日前取得。UKCA認證在 歐盟市場並不適用。在歐盟銷售的產品會需要 持有CE認證。 若您的產品:

•

是針對大不列顛市場

•

受要求要有UKCA認證的法規所規範

•

強制要求要有第三方符合性評估

•

符合性評估是由英國的 符合性評估 機構所執行

China Fastener World no.62/2021

那麼在 2022 年1月1日前您只需要使用全 新的UKCA。這項規範並不適用現有的庫存產 品，例如，如果您的產品是在2021年1月1日 前所製造、取得CE認證和上市。在這些 情況下，您的產品仍可以用CE認證 在大不列顛銷售產品。

根據該協會，馬來西亞 2020 年第四季 的汽車銷售表現優於原先的預期，有助於減 緩2020全年銷量的下跌。整體來說，2020全年銷量為529,434輛，減少了 74,847輛(下跌12.4%)，低於2019年的604,281輛。雖然有兩位數的下跌， 但在當地汽車產業面臨極大挑戰的環境下已是不錯的成果，高於協會原 本預期的470,000輛。馬來西亞政府公布從去年6月起生效的銷售免稅政 策推升了2020年下半年的銷售。2020年新車產量也減少了86,446輛(下跌 15%)，落在485,186輛，低於2019年的571,632輛。當地汽車產業在去年失 去了相當於2個月以上的產量。

歐盟投入29億歐元資助多家企業強化 電動車用電池生產 歐盟宣布向美國特斯拉與德國 BMW等多家企業提供29億歐元， 以強化境內電動車用電池的生 產。歐盟向民間招募投資， 估計總投資額可達120 億 歐 元，資助對 象 橫跨歐盟境內多 國，共 42家企業，包括飛雅特克萊斯勒與 PSA的合併事業，以及新創的電池開發 商Northvolt AB。歐盟希望透過電 動車用電池的調度，減少對亞洲 廠商的依賴。歐洲電動車用 電池市場規模將在 2025 年達到2500億歐元。

廠 商 動 態

英國UKCA認證已 於2021年1月1日 生效

馬來西亞汽車協會公布 2020年汽車產銷量

東明今年客戶數突破萬家 全年出貨量衝新高

中國不鏽鋼緊固件通路商東明4月14日表示，今年客 戶數將成長25%以上，突破1萬家，每月出貨可望持穩1萬噸 上下，預估全年出貨量可望達11-12萬噸的新高。東明表示，去年 雖然有疫情影響，但受惠中國基礎建設、軌道交通、智慧製造之自 動化設備等需求增長，第一季出貨量都已站穩1萬噸。東明去年客戶數 由5000家攀升至8000家，今年可望持續成長，突破萬家。此外，隨著客戶 及不鏽鋼緊固件應用範圍持續增加，東明目前產能不足，因此預計未來3-5年 內，產能將再增加10萬噸。

012

惠達特搜全球新聞

中國衞星為太空船提 供鈦合金緊固件

公司專注於宇航製造與衞星應用，並以北京、深圳、 西安等多處研製與生產基地為支撐，能夠完成關鍵系 統、核心部件的開發與研製。在宇航製造方面，公司可為 太空船提供導航接收機、緊固件，包括航空航天用鈦合 金、高溫合金、鋁合金及鋼類緊固件， 同時可對外提供 檢測、熱處理及表面處理等服務。在衞星應用方面，聚 焦於衞星通信、衞星導航、衞星遙感等領域。公司新增 263項專利，擁有科技開發及科技管理人員2983人，佔公 司員工總數的73.17%。

2020年全球電動車銷量 比亞迪進前三名 2020 年無疑是全球電動車狂飆元 年，根據統計，2020年全球電池電動汽車（BEV）和插電 式混合動力汽車（PHEV）的銷量達到324萬輛，和2019 年全年226萬輛銷量相比，增長43％。若以品牌銷量來 看，特斯拉銷量占據全球第一，全年銷量為49.96萬輛， 排名第二的是福斯，全年電動車銷量為22.02萬輛。排名 第三位的是比亞迪，銷量為17.92萬輛。若以國家來看， 中國2020年的電動車銷量達130萬輛，排名第一。其次為 德國的40萬輛、第三名為美國的30萬輛，而法國和英國 皆為20萬輛，同居第四名。

春雨、恒耀3月營收雙位數走揚 扣件線材大廠春雨公告，3月 份自結單月營收為新台幣 9.12 億 元，較去年同期成長20.89％，略低 於2018年12月歷史高點9.15億元， 累計自結第一季合併營收為 23.17 億元，較去年同期增加19.63％。 春雨表示，受惠於扣件市場需 求殷切，建築扣件的內銷市場出貨持續暢旺，外銷部分 因生產、運輸等營運未曾中斷，國外客戶繼續下單，也連 帶增加對上游線材的訂單需求，使得出貨量與單價同步 提升。車用扣件廠恒耀公告3月單月營收9.1億元，為近五 個月來最高，與去年同期6.4億元相比，年增42.16%。凸 顯後疫情時期全球車廠復甦帶動恒耀接單穩定增長走 出陰霾。榮景遞延到今年。

世暘耗資7億打造高雄新廠及研發中心 以北美市場為外銷主力的台灣防鬆螺帽及高強度螺栓製造 大廠世暘工廠產業股份有限公司為了因應市場對特殊客製化產 品及車用扣件產品的增加需求，同時強化專用特殊扣件的製造量 能布局、提升產品項目種類，規劃投資新台幣7億元在高雄岡山 打造以節能減碳綠建築為設計概念的全新廠房。新廠房將導入智 慧化生產和全自動倉儲，藉此提升產能效率。另外，也將擴大招 募產品研發人員，根據客戶需求不同，在新扣件研發中心開發適 用的扣件產品。1982年成立至今，世暘目前的主要產品包括: 金 屬防鬆螺帽、尼龍防鬆螺帽、凸緣尼龍螺帽、凸緣螺栓、六角頭 螺絲、代工件及汽車零件。

疫情趨緩氣氛漸濃，豐達科下半年復 甦可期 航太扣件廠豐達科去年 受疫情衝擊深，獲利銳減逾8 成。展望後市，公司表示，目 前航太主要客戶應仍在去化 庫存，車用扣件需求則走揚， 整體營運仍屬打底狀態，不過對疫苗護照、旅遊泡泡有望逐步 開放，助下半年業績回升持正向期待。豐達科去年歸屬母公司淨 利0.6億元，年減82.9%，EPS 1.14元。隨各國開始大規模施打疫 苗，並陸續推行疫苗護照、旅遊泡泡等，市場關注航太產業復甦 情況。 豐達科航太事業主要供貨引擎用扣件及其他車削件，主要 客戶如奇異(GE Aviation)、勞斯萊斯(Rolls-Royce)等飛機引擎 大廠 ，公司表示，目前客戶大多還在去化庫存，因此拉貨力道尚未 感受到明顯好轉，可能要到年中左右拉貨狀況會較明朗。不過值 得注意的是，雖然航太事業尚未見復甦，豐達科工業用事業需求 已走揚，公司主要提供歐美車廠車用扣件，也有跟上新能源車趨 勢，出貨輕量化扣件。受惠歐美車市好轉，客戶需求增溫，該事 業營收佔比已自疫情前的10%提高至今年的20-30%。

KPF高動力螺栓取得 日本國土交通部認證 KPF於2021年2月23日宣布其高動力螺栓產品已經取得日本 國土交通部的部級認證。KPF自1963年成立至今一直是建築、重 型設備和石油化工廠用扣件和零部件的專家。擁有先進的鍛造 技術和經驗，KPF成功打入汽車零件市場。KPF目前在越南和中 國也設有子公司。

013

China Fastener World no.62/2021

中國衞星 ( 中國東方紅 衛星 股 份有限公司)披露2020年年度報告， 報告期內，公司實現營業收入70.07 億人民幣，同比增長8.42%；利潤總 額4.77億人民幣，同比增長14.92%； 歸屬於上市公司股東的淨利潤3.54 億人民幣，同比增長 5.34%；基本每股收益0.30人民幣。

惠達特搜全球新聞

SOUTHCO拓展印度運作據點 SOUTHCO®正式宣布位於印度Pune Ranjangoan的 廠區已經完成擴充啟用。20,000 平方英呎的擴充廠區於 2019年開始動工，辦公空間增加三倍，製造和經銷空間也 增加兩倍，為Southco在未來全球快速成長的市場打好基 礎。歷經在印度市場10年的傑出表現，Southco印度廠增加 的產能以及持續在銷售、工程設計和行銷資源的投資讓其可以提供在地客戶更 好的服務。Southco將持續為印度引進更多新的製造技術並在當地生產更多零 件來支持印度政府推行的「印度製造」政策。Southco印度廠總經理Prakash T. John 表示: 「我們在印度據點的擴張為Southco促進全球業務成長的政策做出 貢獻。這不僅可以為該區帶來更多工作機會，也是Southco長久以來在為客戶創 造更多價值和滿足印度市場成長中需求的責任。」

空巴與馬航延長寬體飛 機零件供應及維修合約 在馬航近期完成重組後，空巴與馬 航已經簽訂為馬航旗下A330和A350機 隊延長零件供應和維修服務的延長合 約。合約由馬航營運長Ahmad Luqman M o h d A z m i 及 空巴 亞太 區 董 事長 Anand Stanley在吉隆坡簽訂。多年期 的延長合約包括由空巴為馬航旗下的 A350s、A330s以及現由MASKargo營 運的A330-200Fs提供技術支援。空巴 的FHS-C 機體零件供應和維修服務包 括備用品取得、主要基地的現場庫存以 及零件和維修。透過這項服務，空巴可 以確保零件的可得性和在高品質標準 和零件設計下的安全航機技術性能。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

馬航營運長Ahmad Luqman Mohd Azmi 表示: 「我們非常高興可以延長 與空巴的夥伴關係，也信賴其可以為我 們的寬體客機提供重要的技術支援。隨 著我們持續翱翔世界與全球分享馬來 西亞的好客文化，空巴的客機將成為可 靠和穩定的象徵。」空巴亞太區總經理 Anand Stanley 表示: 「我們非常開心 可以透過零件供應和維修服務與馬航 持續維持合作關係。尤其在這充滿挑戰 的時候，空巴將努力提供最高品質、價 值和客製化產品方案給航空公司夥伴來 支援他們並強化其機隊的每日運營。」

法國LISI集團2021年第一季銷售達3.094億歐元 2021年第一季的銷售相較於去年同期下滑22.2%。全球新冠疫 情進一步對該集團各事業體產生不同程度的影響: •

LISI航太部門 : - 38.5 %， 其中在2020年第一季銷售不錯 的「扣件」業務受到最嚴重的影響。

•

LISI汽車部門 : + 2.9 %，從2020下半年起就觀察到正向發展的趨勢。

•

LISI MEDICAL : - 15.1 %，雖然銷售下滑，但發展前景也受惠於朝正 向發展的業務現況。

義大利Growermetal取得EN 9100航太品質認證 義大利Growermetal宣布已經正式取得航太產 業的EN 9100:2018航太品質認證。EN 9100標準是 由國際航太品質組織IAQG制定。該組織建置了一個 可由航太產業直接管控的品質管理系統。取得該項 品質管理認證後，Growermetal將獲得被納入線上 航太資訊系統OASIS資料庫的機會，這是一個讓該產業主要廠商挑選其供應商 的平台。

美國Optimas完成全球據點IATF認證

全 球工 業製造商 / 經銷 商和服務提供商 O p t i m a s Solutions宣布已經完成旗下全球據點的IATF 認證，包 括新加入位於印度 Pune 的卓越中心和位於墨西哥 Mexicali 和美國俄亥俄州 Lockbourne的新經銷據點，讓它晉升成為扣件產業中具備領先品質認證水平 的廠商。IATF認證是汽車產業和相關進階產業中最高水平的品質認證。這是繼 Optimas取得ISO 9001認證後，該公司再次提高品質認證水平，讓旗下全球據點 都達到IATF的認證。Optimas執行長Marc Strandquist表示，這個新里程碑將為 公司打開更多新業務的大門，並 讓公司可以用更高的水準與現有 美國Grainger宣布新任北美事業單位財務長及董事長 客戶合作。他接著說:「我們是少 數幾家有IATF認證的扣件供應 美國維修保養運營產品領導供應商Grainger宣布管理職務 商和製造商，這項認證在非車用 異動。目前擔任北美銷售服務部門資深副董兼董事長的Deidra 產業領域也被視為重要的品質認 (Dee) Merriwether被任命為財務長。目前為資深副董及技術、行銷、策略長的Paige 證。我們去年 8月宣布的製造方 Robbins則被指派為由美加墨和波多黎各Grainger事業體所組成綜合事業單位的資深副 案策略再一次向客戶和供應商證 董和董事長。這個綜合事業單位將整合所有Grainger品牌在北美的商業運作為單一組織。 明是非常成功的。」 全新的架構將促進更高的獲利市佔以及更好的客戶產品方案。Merriwether和Robbins的 新職位自公布日起即刻生效。

014

惠達特搜全球新聞

美國Jay-Cee Sales and Rivet Inc. 取得ISO 9001:2015認證

Simpson Strong-Tie宣布Mike Olosky為新任營運長 美國精密結 構 連 接 件和 建 築解決方案領導廠 商 Simpson Strong-Tie近日宣布指派Mike Olosky為Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.的新任營運長。作為在亞歐地區 有超過10年全球管理經驗的資深主管，Olosky上一任職務 是Henkel 北美據點的董事長和該公司工業和電子部門的 主管。之前Olosky則擔任Henkel黏著劑事業創新部門主管 和 Henkel亞太地區董事長一職。Olosky具有密西根技術 大學和奧克蘭大學機械工程學位，另外還有密西根州立大 學商學院企管碩士學位。Simpson Strong-Tie 是Simpson Manufacturing, Co., Inc.的主要子公司。

美國拉釘和其他螺紋扣件大型批發商Jay-Cee Sales and Rivet Inc.宣布已經取得ISO 9001:2015 的認證許可。國 際標準化組織一直維持著針對品質管理和品質保證的ISO 9001:2015認證。為了取得這樣的認證，申請者需要展現其 能持續提供滿足客戶和相關法規要求產品服務的能力。這 項認證目標在透過有效系統的應用來提高客戶滿意度，包 括系統改善流程，並確保有滿足客戶和 相關法令的要求。Jay-Cee Sales & Rivet, Inc. 副董Greg Weitzman 表示: 「我們對這樣的成就感 到自豪。這項認證驗證了我 們的產品品質，也展現我們 對客人的用心和責任。」成立 於1948年的家族企業Jay-Cee Sales and Rivet Inc.是拉釘和其 他螺紋扣件的大型經銷商，供貨 給汽車、醫療和航太等產業。

併 購 資 訊

Master Automatic併入MFCS Engineered Solutions Group MacLean-Fogg Component Solutions (MFCS)和Master Automatic共同宣布Master Automatic已正 式併入MFCS Engineered Solutions Group。合併後的新公司名稱為MacLean Master LLC，據點設於普利茅 斯和Livonia。MacLean-Fogg董事長Duncan MacLean表示: 「相當興奮，因為Master Automatic是家企業文化 與我們類似的優秀家族型企業。這項併購案讓我們可以進一步讓我們的客戶資料庫更加多元涵蓋更廣，同時提升 我們在精密車修的能力、技術和產品。在更廣泛的高值產品和服務下提供客戶更好的支援。」成立於1942年，Master Automatic是精密車修零組件和組裝件的首要供應商，也是關 鍵汽車推進和駕駛零件市場領導者，提供指標汽車代工和一階廠 商廣泛製造實力、設計等支援。

Novaria Group宣布併購The Young Engineers, Inc.

協 會 動 態

George Hunt當選美國中西部扣件協會理事長 Brighton-Best International 區域經理George Hunt III日前獲提名並當選美國中西部扣件協會 (MWFA)2021年新任理事長。全新的協會董事會成員包括Matt Delawder (SWD Inc.公司)副理事長、 Bob Baer (Abbott Interfast Inc.公司)財務長、 Jake Davis (BTM公司) 秘書。理事成員則有 Glen Brin (Innovative Components Inc.公司)、Rich Cavoto (Metric & Multistandard Components 公司)、Paula Evitts (Avante Imports公司)、David Gawlik (Stanley Engineered Fastening公司)以及Bobby Wegner (Beacon Fasteners and Components公司)。

015

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Novaria宣布併購The Young Engineers, Inc. (TYE)。TYE是航空器和航太五金的設計 製造專家，主要著重在扣件和嵌件。交易條件未公布。這項併購案將延續Novaria擴展至航太 扣件領域的腳步。Novaria執行長Bryan Perkins 表示: 「我們從2020年四月起完成許多併購 案，這些併購案對我們業務的發展都產生不少貢獻。併購TYE也是我們拓展供應給客戶專利 合格產品項目策略的一部分。」TYE的營運據點、技術員工以及前負責人和董事長都將繼續 在南加州的廠區服務運作。

展前報導

第 二 十一 屆 蘇州緊固件與技術展

金秋十月，輝煌再現

全球緊固件供應商和採購商的盛大節日——第二十一屆蘇州緊 固件與技術展將於 2021 年 10 月 27-29 日在中國江蘇省蘇州國際博覽 中心舉辦。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

本屆展會展出面積達 12,000 平方米，覆蓋 D1 和 E1 兩大展館，預 計屆時將吸引400 多家參展企業和12,000 名專業觀眾共襄盛舉。

016

網上觀眾預登記現已開通！ 立即參觀預登記，尊享多重禮 遇：免費快速入場 & 免費獲得會 刊 & 領取禮品！掃描如下二維碼 填寫線上預登記。

展品範圍涉及緊固件供應鏈的六大產品主題，包括緊固件、設 備、工具、模具、表面處理和原材料。 本屆蘇州展將同期召開“緊固件熱門應用大會＂，行業領導和 資深專家將為與會者呈獻多場精彩紛呈的汽車等緊固件應用培訓研 討會，打造技術培訓與信息交流的平臺。 據統計，上屆蘇州展展位數創下歷史新紀錄，達到 551 個，並迎 來了來自全球近 30 個國家和地區的專業買家和觀眾 11,028 人次。

瞭解更多蘇州緊固件與技 術展的資訊，請瀏覽：www. fastenertradeshow.cn

產業報導

2020年全球車市 前景可期，惟情勢仍混亂 文/ 惠達 曾柏勳

2020可說是全球燃油車與電動車廠大 亂鬥之年 其實造成 2020 年全球車廠頹靡的原因比我們想像的 要複雜許多，因為去年還殺出一個不速之客，也就是乘著 疫情浪潮而銷量成長的電動車，出來和這些還來不及完全 轉型的前十大車廠搶奪市場。現在的電動車電池續航力 已接近燃油車。電池是電動車的最貴的零件，彭博新能 源財經（BNEF）的年度調查發現，2020年的電池價格已 經比十年前下降了89%之多！BNEF還預測最快三年內，

飛雅特 寶獅 克萊斯勒 雪鐵龍

戴姆勒

表一、2020年全球前十大車廠銷售 排名 廠商 2019 2020 1 1 福斯 2 2 豐田 3 3 雷諾日產三菱聯盟 5 4 現代 4 5 通用 7 6 本田 6 7 福特 8 8 飛雅特克萊斯勒 9 9 寶獅雪鐵龍 10 10 戴姆勒

2019 10.33 9.69 9.22 7.20 7.74 4.82 4.90 4.36 3.17 2.62

銷量(百萬) 2020 成長率(%) 9.31 -9.9 8.90 -8.2 7.95 -13.8 6.52 -9.4 6.26 -19.1 4.50 -6.6 4.15 -15.3 3.90 -10.6 2.91 -8.2 2.55 -2.7

017

China Fastener World no.62/2021

2019 年，世界的大頭條是美 中貿易戰，汽車產業淪為中美兩國 間相互報復的利器，當時多數的主 要車廠已面臨銷售衰退的現象。 2020 上半年的封城關廠也讓車廠 的元氣大傷，因此當 2020 年度的 前十大車廠全球排行出爐，不出意 料，每家車廠的銷量不但穩不住， 還繼續下跌，大部分的跌幅都落在 10%左右，通用汽車甚至跌到將近 兩成。繼 2019 年奪冠， 2020 年度 車市的銷售龍頭寶座雖然仍由福斯 汽車拿下，但就連龍頭也不免於將 近10%的銷量跌幅。

產業報導

電動車將會與燃油車同價。美國摩根士丹利 （Morgan Stanley）則預測，未來10年內， 電動車售價將落在3,000至5,000美元。這種 低價真會讓身為燃油車霸主的豐田汽車等等 主要車廠毛骨悚然，無怪乎他們紛紛宣言要 全速發展電動。現在更複雜的是連異業也跳 出來進軍電動車產業，據傳裕隆與鴻海合作 成立的「鴻華先進」，首款電動車原型車可 能在今年6月發表，就是一個鮮明的例子。

中國車銷展現韌性 電動車可能有泡沫化疑慮？

China Fastener World no.62/2021

病毒在去年重創全球車市，卻未將中國 的汽車內銷擊垮。中國很迅速地在 3 月左右 恢復汽車銷售，此後銷量大致呈現穩定回溫 的趨勢。我們會發現，在2020年度中國前50 大車廠的銷售排行榜中，還有近一半車廠有 10%以下的小幅正成長，可見在疫情下中國 車市仍能維持低速成長的韌性。最引人注意 的是長城汽車，銷量成長了 5 倍。其他銷量 下跌的車廠，跌幅最大可到兩成，警示著疫 情仍對中國車市造成一定程度的威脅。 令人好奇的是中國的新能源電動車廠， 如果我們把排行榜拉長到前 150 名，會發現 中國電動車廠數量何其之多。這些電動車車 廠的銷量一致都落在第 75 名次之後，顯然 電動車在中國仍是個新興產業，但相信在未 來會有爬到前十名的潛力。根據中國工信 部，中國至少有七十六家官方認證的新能源 車企企業。照理說在疫情期間，電動車銷售 應是要逆勢成長的，但排行榜的數據卻告訴 我們，有超過一半的中國電動車廠銷量都 重跌，最多還有跌到九成。只有蔚來 ( 成長 120%)和廣汽豐田新能源(成長234%)有翻倍 的成長力道。原來，這些新能源車廠中，有 許多是剛成立不久的新手，但拜騰、博郡、 前途、賽麟等新能源車企紛紛破產，長江汽 車、河南速達、雲度新能源等等車廠不是經

018

產業報導 排名 2019 2020

廠商

(

代表電動車廠)

銷量(輛) 2019

市占率(%)

2020

成長率(%)

2019

2020

1

1

上汽大眾

1,726,364

1,368,089

-20.8

+8.02

7.01

2

2

一汽-大眾

1,423,394

1,248,704

-12.3

+6.61

6.39

3

3

吉利汽車

1,178,009

1,115,289

-5.3

+5.47

5.71

4

4

東風日產

1,171,181

1,093,091

-6.7

+5.44

5.6

5

5

上汽通用別克

876,946

874,143

-0.3

+4.07

4.48

6

6

東風本田

800,582

843,728

5.4

+3.72

4.32

8

7

廣汽本田

767,340

792,200

3.2

+3.56

4.06

12

8

長安汽車

647,012

789,183

22.0

+3.00

4.04 3.94

9

9

一汽豐田

703,112

768,597

9.3

+3.27

11

10

廣汽豐田

697,674

761,364

9.1

+3.24

3.9

13

11

上汽通用五菱

637,940

667,295

4.6

+2.96

3.42

7

12

長城汽車

99,984

644,965

545.1

+0.46

3.3

14

13

一汽-大眾奧迪

619,211

633,182

2.3

+2.88

3.24

15

14

華晨寶馬

572,937

609,161

6.3

+2.66

3.12

16

15

北京奔馳

565,644

589,128

4.2

+2.63

3.02

21

17

奇瑞汽車

399,798

448,327

12.1

+1.86

2.3

19

18

上汽集團

449,899

435,550

-3.2

+2.09

2.23

10

19

北京現代

701,541

433,848

-38.2

+3.26

2.22

20

20

比亞迪

441,807

404,279

-8.5

+2.05

2.07

22

22

廣汽乘用車

369,759

300,681

-18.7

+1.72

1.54

23

23

東風悅達起亞

291,176

252,516

-13.3

+1.35

1.29

25

24

上汽名爵

236,149

241,664

2.3

+1.1

1.24

27

25

長安福特

186,361

210,963

13.2

+0.87

1.08

江淮汽車

106,046

95,756

-9.7

+0.49

0.49

20,139

44,493

120.9

+0.09

0.23

41

34

76

47

蔚來

---

55

特斯拉中國

---

37,555

---

---

0.19

---

60

理想

---

29,728

---

---

0.15

---

65

威馬汽車

20,901

---

---

0.11

35

67

北汽新能源

122,889

19,180

-84.4

+0.57

0.1

82

69

小鵬汽車

16,609

18,114

9.1

+0.08

0.09

61

70

長城新能源

38,865

17,294

-55.5

+0.18

0.09

56

72

吉利新能源

45,856

16,110

-64.9

+0.21

0.08

74

76

上汽通用五菱新能源

22,797

12,997

-43.0

+0.11

0.07

88

80

幾何汽車

12,662

9,553

-24.6

+0.06

0.05

116

86

廣汽豐田新能源

2,043

6,828

234.2

+0.01

0.03

94

91

海馬汽車

8,456

5,894

-30.3

+0.04

0.03

106

92

領途汽車

3,338

5,148

54.2

+0.02

0.03

---

110

94

雲度新能源

2,566

4,470

74.2

+0.01

0.02

70

97

長安汽車新能源

26,261

3,653

-86.1

+0.12

0.02

105

98

江鈴集團新能源

3,445

3,483

1.1

+0.02

0.02

---

101

零跑汽車

---

0.02

---

3,024

---

66

102

江淮新能源

31,557

2,474

-92.2

+0.15

0.01

113

103

騰勢汽車

2,089

2,437

16.7

+0.01

0.01

39,125

1,166

60

113

奇瑞新能源

-97.0

+0.18

0.01

---

116

愛馳汽車

---

881

---

---

---

---

117

吉麥新能源

---

829

---

---

---

107

119

衆泰新能源

730

-76.6

+0.01

---

---

120

廣汽蔚來

659

---

---

---

130

127

廣汽三菱新能源

112

128

新特汽車

132

131

鄭州日產新能源

---

133

雷丁

128

134

北汽昌河新能源

---

136

廣汽本田新能源

3,117 --103

195

89.3

---

---

2,192

138

-93.7

+0.01

---

20

37

85.0

---

---

29

---

---

---

21

-88.4

---

---

1

---

---

---

--181 ---

營困難就是屢傳資金斷鏈。中國 電動車雖真如雨後春筍，但也出 現泡沫化的疑慮。

晶片荒、中美對峙2.0 亂世之下各自保命 2021 年，雖然疫苗開打， 市場需求可望出現比較明顯的回 溫，但對汽車產業來說，世界局 勢仍是動盪的。眼下讓車廠最痛 中之痛的，是全球鬧的「晶片 荒」，沒了這核心零件，連車都 生產不出來，更遑論銷售。各家 車廠只能盡全力搶，同時還要睜 另一隻眼，盯著拜登新政權下升 級成 2.0 版的中美貿易對峙。這 也代表中美之間的汽車關稅報復 還有可能繼續玩下去。在 2021 年將回暖的市場景氣下，全球車 廠要在亂世之中謹慎前行。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

表二、2020年中國車廠銷售

019

產業報導

最新歐盟扣件進出口態勢 文/惠達副總編輯 張剛豪 (表格以2020年數據排序)

進口 在2017年至2020年間，歐盟每年從全球各地進口的扣件產品規模大略介於45至58億歐元。若以數量來看，大概落在150 萬至190萬噸左右。平均單價每公斤約3歐元。

2018年是這四年中表現最佳的一年，進口值達到57.05億歐元，進口量則約為191.1萬噸。不過在2019和2020 連續兩年出 現下滑，2020年的進口值已跌至44億歐元，進口量也同步下滑至約152萬噸，顯見市場需求有萎縮跡象。 從進口值來看，歐盟主要的扣件進口夥伴為中國、台灣、美國、瑞士、土耳其、越南、印度、日本和南韓。其中從中國和台 灣進口的扣件就佔了近50%的比重。從美國和瑞士進口的比重也大概各佔10%上下。 從進口量來看，歐盟的主要扣件進口夥伴為中國、台灣、越南、土耳其、印度、泰國、馬來西亞、南韓。光是中國和台灣就 佔了歐盟整體扣件進口的67.5%。位居第三位的越南也僅佔6.6%的比例，可見歐盟對中國和台灣的扣件產品依賴程度非常高!

2017-2020歐盟前20大扣件進口夥伴 (歐元) 產品代碼: 7318 年度

貿易夥伴

China Fastener World no.62/2021

非歐盟貿易夥伴加總

020

2017

2018

2019

2020

5,219,684,443

5,705,327,956

5,667,901,496

4,417,636,823

中國

920,115,184

1,203,637,682

1,309,979,402

1,140,659,006

台灣

1,320,527,177

1,418,785,716

1,343,686,383

1,028,746,155

美國

802,330,632

746,228,648

797,751,311

487,182,311

瑞士

485,183,597

464,056,476

421,370,384

363,000,880

土耳其

260,031,233

302,429,331

296,199,006

251,388,345

越南

224,788,138

270,278,019

239,828,207

195,983,044

印度

250,779,928

278,726,784

284,069,336

191,719,708

日本

228,218,388

222,068,587

220,926,397

153,687,302

南韓

160,864,368

177,489,884

176,181,683

146,768,348

列支敦斯登

95,317,680

85,939,275

86,529,945

89,922,252

泰國

109,370,292

125,429,022

101,855,810

70,336,474

馬來西亞

88,128,507

96,013,273

87,371,382

65,362,079

波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納

34,594,095

36,531,685

39,479,227

32,683,962

印尼

37,738,193

36,367,212

32,676,079

32,510,458

挪威

30,496,543

37,609,334

40,246,641

29,720,992

加拿大

33,972,713

34,229,015

32,881,549

20,385,389

塞爾維亞

15,994,919

22,625,295

17,036,625

13,286,762

菲律賓

21,558,437

27,874,791

19,828,250

13,220,318

俄羅斯

8,427,812

12,761,498

15,742,530

11,419,184

巴西

17,000,815

18,494,238

13,523,993

11,113,802

產業報導 2017-2020歐盟前20大扣件進口夥伴 (公噸) 年度

2017

2018

2019

2020

非歐盟貿易夥伴加總

1,725,371

1,911,158

1,831,023

1,523,211

中國

548,746

654,335

699,272

651,213

台灣

524,818

546,729

487,988

378,180

貿易夥伴

越南

124,747

144,530

121,073

100,542

土耳其

79,639

92,705

91,321

78,998

印度

107,052

112,905

109,580

69,940

泰國

68,079

75,155

59,189

43,500

馬來西亞

48,743

47,562

41,398

32,422

南韓

38,169

43,792

41,427

31,184

瑞士

32,721

32,586

31,002

25,218

日本

33,136

31,306

29,192

18,927

美國

35,014

32,201

28,020

14,807

波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納

14,498

14,331

15,713

12,773

列支敦斯登

13,085

12,294

12,048

12,632

挪威

9,023

12,327

12,104

8,782

印尼

10,222

9,254

8,211

8,422

塞爾維亞

7,950

12,107

10,065

7,966

烏克蘭

5,487

5,274

4,277

6,665

白羅斯

4,114

5,821

3,594

4,568

俄羅斯

2,382

3,757

6,472

4,119

菲律賓

5,833

8,082

5,354

3,702

年度

2017

2018

2019

2020

非歐盟貿易夥伴加總

4,247,031,753

4,481,999,683

4,616,451,798

3,888,110,553

中國

882,446,226

895,332,219

820,271,204

859,608,759

美國

726,173,946

827,916,158

958,790,319

742,843,667

瑞士

308,152,479

321,415,607

307,042,385

276,668,747

俄羅斯

197,604,639

212,220,126

217,823,967

202,738,936

墨西哥

201,743,697

225,688,871

237,542,196

192,583,424

土耳其

239,501,577

231,394,968

220,399,740

191,252,235

巴西

166,889,282

178,752,656

177,305,792

146,113,163

挪威

121,455,190

138,755,966

159,305,607

124,506,350

印度

153,307,520

176,574,478

157,120,028

102,170,892

摩洛哥

74,183,931

75,263,890

92,948,958

78,499,486

列支敦斯登

76,306,754

68,276,508

65,203,869

63,211,337

南韓

56,102,825

57,104,863

61,795,870

59,782,127

貿易夥伴

南非

84,182,546

77,363,201

81,993,936

54,501,777

澳大利亞

54,839,371

57,272,390

55,328,583

51,049,571

日本

55,254,667

58,157,447

63,546,768

47,443,198

加拿大

71,032,894

68,690,834

77,211,260

47,142,169

新加坡

67,199,825

69,932,276

74,451,686

44,163,637

烏克蘭

22,650,793

30,185,743

38,726,800

41,270,824

阿聯酋

52,365,326

48,340,892

56,515,569

37,821,739

塞爾維亞

34,153,601

34,354,969

33,177,165

33,995,715

021

China Fastener World no.62/2021

2017-2020歐盟前20大扣件出口夥伴 (歐元)

產業報導 2017-2020歐盟前20大扣件出口夥伴 (公噸) 年度

貿易夥伴

非歐盟貿易夥伴加總

2017

2018

2019

2020

550,946

568,314

549,717

494,018

中國

112,089

106,479

90,320

96,395

美國

77,894

85,603

92,090

79,614

瑞士

42,064

42,923

38,902

36,593

俄羅斯

36,147

37,264

37,440

34,982

土耳其

40,417

37,377

36,097

29,942

墨西哥

27,718

30,877

32,043

27,574

巴西

28,828

31,265

28,467

22,482

挪威

20,196

23,425

25,280

21,294

印度

23,447

25,639

19,656

13,423

烏克蘭

4,790

7,305

9,472

11,792

列支敦斯登

12,548

12,587

12,034

11,406

摩洛哥

10,596

9,527

9,991

9,792

南非

11,844

12,581

13,545

8,493

塞爾維亞

6,751

6,343

6,109

6,278

澳大利亞

5,461

5,779

5,008

4,775

阿聯酋

5,916

4,663

4,745

4,667

南韓

3,454

3,438

3,269

4,344

埃及

3,466

3,931

3,716

4,122

泰國

5,955

6,033

5,021

3,554

白羅斯

2,872

3,308

3,332

3,389

出口 在2017至2020年間，歐盟的年度扣件出口值大約落在38億至46 億歐元左右，若以數量來看，則落在每年50至57萬噸左 右。其出口量的規模大約是其進口量規模的1/3，但是出口值卻跟其進口值相差不遠，可見歐盟出口的扣件主要以較高值化的 產品為主。平均單價每公斤接近8歐元。 歐盟的出口表現一樣在2018-2019年間最佳。出口值在2019年達到最高約46.16 億歐元，出口量則在2018年達到最高的 56.8萬噸。2020年的出口值跌至最低的38.88億歐元左右，同年出口量也下滑至49.4萬噸左右。 從出口值來看，歐盟主要的扣件出口夥伴為中國、美國、瑞士、俄羅斯、墨西哥、土耳其、巴西、挪威和印度。其中出口至 中國、美國和瑞士的部分就佔了近50%的比重。俄羅斯、墨西哥、土耳其、巴西、挪威和印度則大概佔了2.5-5.0%左右。值得 注意的是，相較於其他主要出口夥伴，2020年歐盟對中國的出口值是不減反增的。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

從出口量來看，歐盟的主要扣件出口夥伴跟出口值的部份大同小異。出口至中國、美國和瑞士的部份仍佔最大宗，比重 約43%。中國也是歐盟前5大扣件出口夥伴中唯一在2020年出現成長的國家。

總結 觀察歐盟進出口表格數據和前述分析可以大概知道，歐盟除了本身大量從亞洲進口單價相對低廉的扣件產品之外，受 惠歐盟境內(例如: 德國、法國、義大利、瑞士、西班牙…等)蓬勃發展的扣件生產和經銷產業鏈，其也有充足的產能和量能能 滿足全球對高技術、高單價的扣件產品需求。歐盟的扣件出口單價約莫是其進口單價的2.6倍。在2017-2020年間，歐盟扣件 的進出口基本上呈現有波動但仍相對持穩的態勢。惟目前全球各產業仍陷缺工缺料、運輸和製造成本高漲、疫情再起、疫苗 施打進度緩慢等眾多不利因素干擾，2021年的走勢曲線筆者預估仍會呈現平緩式的下滑。但應也不至於太悲觀，由於供需 仍在，眾多產業的緩慢復甦腳步持續不變，劇烈的震盪下滑應該還不至於出現。

022

歐洲新聞

歐洲新聞 Nord-Lock集團投資Expander膨 脹軸銷事業

Expander產品累積超過35年的技術知識與經驗， 首創膨脹軸銷搭配膨脹套筒。集團已在全球出貨超過 150萬套Expander產品。擴廠後能讓Expander產品的 訂單量增加 8 倍，新的軸銷性能技術中心會更加速產 品研發並支持顧客的需求。該廠消耗更少能源、改善工 作環境、降低碳足跡，將更能永續生存。

Eurotec推出 室內木造建築用螺絲 Eu rot e c公 司供應多種木造 建築用螺絲，可 用於承重用木框 的接合件、木工 程、大廳建設、 天花板裝修等等不同用途。該公司表示，旗下的木造 建築用螺絲特點包括高抗腐蝕、適用於使用環境級別 1~3、抗機械負載能力佳，此外也可用於木工。 該公司的木造建築用螺絲包括Paneltwistec系列 產品，Eurotec稱該產品以萬用螺絲的名號著名。此系 列提供各種鋼材質、頭型、尾端，每支螺絲根據其用 途都有適配必需的屬性。針對承重木材的建造，該公 司提供KonstruX 螺絲來連接木材或鋼製的木用接合 件。此螺絲的特點是整支覆蓋螺紋，以增加零件的抗 抽拔力。

DIRAK以扣壓技術取代螺絲 專利的DI R A KSNA P 扣壓鎖固技術創 造出等同於螺絲的高強 度接合效果，而不需使 用任何安裝工具，只需 幾秒就安裝完成。它背後的設計概念極其簡單，採用家門或 房門上常見的門閂運作原理。它的構造包括一個含有錐狀夾 顎的導片，導片的開口中央容納一個彈簧。將它壓入開孔中， 夾顎中的嵌入件會把它的扣壓式元件往回推，就跟導片通道 裡的彈簧鎖銷一樣，彈簧就會被拉緊。壓入時一旦過了夾顎 的高度，拉緊的彈簧會把扣壓式元件往回壓出導片的通道， 此時會聽到明顯的扣壓聲。結果它就會像扣件一樣扣入開 孔，強力鎖住被接合物。 該技術在任何層面都能像螺絲一樣承受高應變力，並 確保提供高強度和高拉力，此外還防搖晃、震動與衝擊，通 過震動與衝擊測試(DIN EN 61373)以及地震測試 (GR-63CORE, Issue 4)。

Howmet公司推出Huck Range Force安裝機 Howmet Fastening Systems公 司開發出Huck® Range Force™安裝 機，並稱其搭載可攜式電池，可用於航太、太陽能、運輸和建 築等多種用途和產業。該產品可以電子調整拉力，擁有1.18 英吋 (30 公厘 )的長衝程，可安裝建築用與非建築用抽芯鉚 釘，以及直徑¼英吋(6.4mm)以下的兩件式鎖固式螺栓。 它可快速替換鼻嘴，用一根手指就可調整拉力，可隨 時準備安裝下一支不同的扣件。這支可攜式、可靠且多用 途的工業級工具使用18V、5.0Ah的鋰電池，重量輕(4.8lbs 5.5lbs，因電池而異)，符合人體工學，充電時間約45分鐘。

023

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Nord-Lock 集團大舉投資 Expander 膨脹軸銷事 業，以提供更好的服務滿足全球顧客的需求。集團在 瑞典的奧特維達貝里市擴廠130%，面積達3,500 平方 公尺，空間可容納現代化生產、頂級技術中心、大批量 訂單處理。Expander 膨脹軸銷是集團原創的解決方 案，供應到售後市場。此創新的膨脹軸銷可直接安裝 到現有的機台上，不須焊接或沿著同一條線鑽孔，永 久解決軸耳的磨損問題。集團的生產流程都全面數位 化，讓集團能在48小時內處理並出貨大量顧客訂單。

歐洲新聞 SFS集團 2020下半 年業績明 顯回復 SFS 集團在 2020下半年成長 3.7%，動能來自 市場需求的明顯回溫和季節效應。2020 財務年度 的銷售達17.05億瑞郎(約15.7億歐元)。集團表示， 高產能利用率、嚴謹的成本管理與綜合的因素支 撐了集團在下半年的獲利。2020 年度的營業利潤 約 2.27億瑞郎，息稅前利潤率13.3%。疫情使得 2020上半年某些領域的市場下跌，但從夏季開始 各個終端市場出現明顯持續的復甦。例如：汽車 相關產業受到需求暴跌和重要客戶在上半年關廠 的重擊，到了下半年出現強勁的復甦。下半年集團 對電子業顧客成功推出新產品，也挹注了銷售的 動能，銷售在下半年成長了3.7%。上半年的銷售則 下跌了10.4%，全年的銷量下跌了3.2%。2020 財務 年度的銷售總額達17億瑞郎。同期扣件部門銷量 達到4.897億瑞郎，比2019 年度少了1.7%。即使有 復甦的跡象，Hilti集團在 2020 年的銷售仍比前一 年度少了9.6%，落在 53 億瑞郎。以當地貨幣換算 則下跌了4.3%。最高執行長Christoph Loos 評論 說：「2020 第四季復甦的跡象更加明確，我們的銷 售也穩定下來。總銷量比前一段低，這也在預料之 內，代表蕭條的狀況已不像一開始大家恐懼的那 樣嚴重了。 各地區發展的狀況不同，都深受到封城的時間 和程度的影響。以歐洲的匯率換算，僅造成微幅的 整體銷售下滑。這有明顯的南北之分，斯堪的納維 亞半島和中歐銷售出現成長，南歐則有更高程度的 單位數下滑。北美銷量也有令人滿意的具體成果，只 出現下跌4.3%。大幅下跌的狀況出現在東歐/中東 /南非地區(共下跌8.2%)、拉美(下跌8.1%)、亞太(下 跌7%)，各國的差異大不相同。例如中國和俄國雖有 令人振奮的成長，東南亞和中東海灣國家卻重跌。 Hilti集團預測今年經濟將適度復甦，各地區狀況不 同，很大程度取決於未來幾個月的疫情發展路徑。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

貨櫃荒衝擊美國扣件供應鏈 英國扣件經銷商協會警告，全球主要的出口 型港口鬧貨櫃荒，嚴重衝擊英國與愛爾蘭的扣件取 貨。這場危機也使貨櫃運輸成本上升三倍，也使其 他成本要素惡化，導致產品價格急遽膨脹。根據供 應鏈新聞媒體商 Loadstar在 2020 年12月的報導， 貨櫃荒是最大的亂因。這項評估也受到英國扣件 經銷商協會中進口商會員的迴響，他們說現在工 廠有很多未交付的貨，無法送到英國和愛爾蘭，因 為很缺貨櫃。

024

2020 年底，貨櫃可用率指數 CAx 掉到史上最低位，可用 率 0.5 的數字代表貨櫃不足。上海港在去年第 43週的指數僅為 0.03，但第33週還有到 0.53，而第6週時還有到 0.66。全球其他 (包括歐洲 ) 港口的貨櫃可用率也在最近幾週都大跌。貨櫃荒是 肺炎疫情間接導致的後果。中國工廠在疫情中比較早復甦恢復 生產並重啟對全球市場的出口。中國早在十月的國定假日前就 增加了出口，更在聖誕前夕的旺季加速增量。 港口會集收貨櫃，再透過陸運或鐵路運輸運送到公司。然 而由於疫情導致交通工具或司機短缺，在所有進口型市場中，貨 櫃回到港口的次數大幅增加了。個人防護設備的進口量增加也加 遽了貨櫃荒。11月，據說位於英國費利克斯托鎮的主要貨櫃港存 放了英國政府訂購的1.1萬箱裝著個人防護設備的貨櫃。其中有 許多貨櫃已經移轉到內陸的存放點，但連續好幾個月都不可能 再送出去，甚至可能會再更長。隨著疫情使得全球貿易的崩解重 擊了經濟，許多貨運路線都大幅縮緊吞吐量。吞吐量的短缺和載 貨返航的收益性不足，代表貨櫃回到出口型市場的速度變慢了 許多。更多跨太平洋運往美國市場的高獲利路線成為貨櫃船和 貨櫃前往的優先選項，勝過前往歐洲的運輸路線。 雖然報導稱貨櫃製造商已經加緊生產，但產出量遠不及需 求量，且業界認知到貨櫃市場終將重新平衡，這使他們打消增加 產出量的念頭。所有跡象顯示要花上幾個月才能恢復平衡。 由於費利克斯托的延遲一直持續，所以英國和愛爾蘭進口商 還要面對其他挑戰，這也波及到其他英國港口。某些載運商收取 巨額的擁擠港附加費，更增加了進口商的成本。問題更大的是， 某些運輸路線繞過英國港口來避免延遲，並把貨櫃放在北歐的 港口，這讓交期再拉長兩週，讓貨櫃可用率的壓力更大。除了造 成可用率的問題之外，所有的因素都讓進口商增加了運費。英國 扣件經銷商協會回報說貨櫃運費增加三倍，這還沒算入附加費 或變更航線的貨運。這意味著產品的固定成本動輒超過10%。其 他扣件成本方面的通貨膨脹壓力已轉趨顯著。亞洲的鋼鐵價也 急遽增加，還預期會再上升，因為供貨的緊張又加上某家南韓重

歐洲新聞

Lederer公司併購 NORMTEC公司 L e d e r e r 公 司 宣 布，從 T h e o F ö r c h G m b H & C o . KG 手中併 購NORMTEC Montage- und Befestigungstechnik GmbH公司的 所有股份。NOR M T EC 位於德國伍 珀塔爾市，過去 7年來熱銷不鏽鋼扣 件。此後，NOR MTEC會與 Lederer 攜手強化永續性，並進一步開發它們在不鏽鋼扣件市場中的地位。 擁有老員工資歷和簽署人身分的Sebastian Ovenhausen將接手管理 NORMTEC公司。NORMTEC將在原先的地點持續以Lederer公司旗 下的獨立公司身分營運。

+

+ VVG公司被Honsel公司併購 2021年元旦，VVG Befestingungstechnik公司已與Honsel集團 合併，被歸在HONSEL Distribution GmbH & Co 公司名下。VVG和 Honsel 多年來維持緊密的關係，一同合作和共享許多資源。VVG 常 務董事Alexander Siefert先生解釋：「過去數個月我們經歷了很不 尋常的時期，使我們轉換焦點到對我們公司未來很重要的事務上。 VVG 與Honsel早已互相緊密合作，自然而然做出了合併兩家公司在 同一個品牌下運作的決定。」他補充說：「從顧客的角度來看，不會有 實際的變動。公司的事業類型和數量不變，增值稅和註冊號碼也是。 合約也不變，顧客仍會連絡同樣的聯絡人。透過合併兩家公司，我們 在扣件科技方面會成為顧客更強大的夥伴。」Honsel 集團在高品質 扣件研發生產銷售和加工方面有超過90年的經驗。

2021年司徒加特展延期 Mack-Brooks展覽公司宣布將第九屆司徒加 特展從2021年5月18~20日延期到11月9~11日。該公 司解釋，是在考量到疫情以及在過去幾週幾個月以 來和所有展商訪客溝通後所下的決定。由於司徒加 特展是國際性展會，旅遊限制方面的不確定氛圍 也是促成此決定的原因。

RIV949鉚釘機新進化 Rivit Srl公司的RIV949 液壓氣動式鉚釘機專 為自動化作業和垂直型個 人工作區所設計。為了增加 鎖固作業的可能性和工具 的可移動性，該公司開發出 的解決方案可確保能簡單 而精準地平衡和操作鉚釘 機。該公司的產品原本已有 三節式機械手臂的設計，新的升級又增加支架， 可以和RIV503、RIV504和RIV506 鉚釘機一同水 平或垂直併用。RIV949 擁有鉻硬化鋼材質的直角 坐標型機械手臂以及平衡器，是構想自新的現代 設計概念。它的再循環移動式滾珠軸承，讓該產 品能快速平順地精準對準孔洞。主要產品優點包 括：多向式頭部，可以在任何位置上鉚接；延展和 旋轉的彈性高、移動順暢；減少操作疲勞。新手臂 的水平式和垂直式支架也設計成能與 R I V503、 R I V50 4 和 R I V506 鉚釘機一同併用。它的半徑 50 0 m m~850 m m，荷載範圍 2~7公斤，工作高度 200mm~1,000mm。為確保將可移動性最大化，該 公司也提供有容納空間的工作檯來容納手臂和鉚 接工具，同時還裝有輪子和下層櫃。

Fastener + Fixing Magazine雜誌提供 www.fastenerandfixing.com

China Fastener World no.62/2021

點鋼廠發生的意外事件。歐洲鋼材的交期也大幅延長，因為某些線材 的交期延長三倍到20週以上，鋼廠預計會在2021年初大幅增加成本。 英國扣件經銷商協會專為超過85家英國和愛爾蘭扣件進口商、批發商 和經銷商的權益發聲。

025

俄羅斯新聞 拯救汽車產業需要靠汽車 產業自己 俄羅斯汽車產業目前需要找回在地的 零件生產，為整個汽車零組件產業注入一絲 生機。 理論上，俄羅斯對在地化比例的要求是 不斷增加的。但都沒有足夠的刺激力道可以 創造出全新規模夠大且符合產業需要的零 件產業。有專家就估計因為該國汽車零件產 業損失所造成的損失，若以海外採購零件的成本來看，一年約損失1兆盧布。 俄羅斯榮譽經濟學家及ASM-Holding副總Alexander Kovrigin 評論表示: 「在多數已開發國家，汽車產業是主要帶動經 濟的火車頭之一。因為車輛生產是創造收入和增加工作機會的絕佳催化劑。但這必須要整個國家的汽車產業有一個完整整合 可以為組裝廠生產零件的系統。只有這樣，整個產業才能站得穩。」 汽車製造商，尤其是「GAZ」相當關切產業的未來命運，所以已經規劃出自己的 計畫，不只是要支持，還要創造在面臨全球災難下還能永續發展以及以在產業建構 價值鏈為基礎的產業模式。這個計畫尤其著重在未來5年投資2,400億盧布在汽車零 件生產，而這其中有一半的金額是靠製造商本身的投資，另一半則由國家資助(再透 過增加稅收工作機會的方式來回本)。 很多國家都在走類似的道路。同時，專家也建議提供這些用於開發關鍵零件計 畫一些好處，另外也規劃一些以生產這些零件為目標的計畫並將其擺在優先事項。

俄國大型線上零售通路DIY產品銷量成長一倍 俄羅斯線上零售通路龍頭正積極投入DIY和居家產品市場。「Wildberries」和 「AliExpress Russia」兩家最大的通路在居家產品和維修產品的銷售都繳出成長 超過一倍的佳績。與供應商的新互動模式幫助他們吸引買家造訪他們的網站。 AliExpress Russia表示:「2020年冬天本地市場最受歡迎的維修用和園藝用 工具類別有作業工具套組、電動園藝工具、銲接機、電鑽和電鋸。」 在2020年秋天，AliExpress新型態的店鋪開幕，是當地第一家整合所有在地居家產品的超大型店鋪。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

全新的銷售計劃去年也在「Wildberries」開始測試。該公司開始導入FBS模式，也就是銷售者直接參與倉儲、加 工和包裝訂單。

Oryol軋鋼廠生產的扣件獲Astrakhan區的鐵路大橋結構採用 Oryol軋鋼廠(隸屬Severstal五金集團旗下Severstal-Metiz)的扣件被用於建構Astrakhan區Akhtuba河上 全新的鐵路大橋建設。這條路線運輸著油品、硫、鹽、金屬、木材、建築材料、穀物和蔬果。全新的工程建築 將成為國際運輸廊道，也會把西伯利亞和莫斯科跟Caspian、Azov和黑海港口連接起來。 舊的鐵橋在85年前建造且為單軌。新的大橋完成後，每年會有高達2,000萬噸的貨物運輸通過。

026

俄羅斯新聞 Severstal-metiz的產品陣容多達159種 Severstal-metiz、Oryol Steel Rolling Plant 和Volgograd Plant Severstal Kanatov 公司在2020年已掌握159項新產品的製 造技術，包括線材、熱軋鋼和扣件等等，幾乎涵蓋所有扣件相關產品。所有的新產品都是與顧客共同研發。 在2020年，Severstal-metiz增加了39種新種類的產品，其中一項重大的舉措是開始生產鋼線粒。與傳統的相比，高張力鋼 線粒的耗損較低、可抗磨傷且較節省顧客的作業成本。Orel Steel Rolling Plant 在2020年已能生產114項新產品，其中大多是 扣件，佔了85%，其中有新的標準螺栓、螺帽、墊片、車用和建築用扣件。

投資Oryol軋鋼廠 今年Severstal將在Oryol軋鋼廠(隸屬Severstal五金集團旗下 Severstal-Metiz)的發 展計劃上挹注10億盧布的高額投資，比去年高出11倍之多。該公司將讓生產現代化。冷 鍛頭和軋紋機、抽線設備和起重設備，超過20套主要設備都會被更新。所有單元都會配 置現代化電子設備:包括數位軟體、LCD顯示器和控制桿。同時，作業環境也會依據最高規格的國際安全標準進行重整。多虧 這項投資計畫，創造出56個全新工作機會。Severstal的投資計畫確立了Oryol五金生產的穩定發展。儘管疫情當前，Oryol軋鋼 廠在去年底仍出現成長。成品運輸量成長了4%達到將近69,000噸，打破過去5年來的紀錄。 Oryol軋鋼廠經理Alexey Erenichev 表示: 「這是我們第一次收到這麼大的投資。所有的計畫案規模都很大，但我們希望 在今年能完成多數。生產的現代化是除針對現有的計畫外，還有針對新產品開發計劃的進行。」

NLMK-Ural公司將擴大高碳鋼盤元產量 N LMK集團的俄國分公司(N LMK-Ural)已擴增 了產能。先前該集團只能生產橫切面125x125mm的鋼 坯，但將製鋼設備與滾線設備現代化之後，該集團掌握 了橫切面150x150mm的連續鑄造式鋼坯的生產技術。

俄國緊固件協會研擬石材用錨栓用量的計算標準 設計建築體的外觀時必須考量石材用錨栓的數量與設計，例如支架會透過錨栓 安裝到建築的地基。因此需要有妥當的法規文件來規定石材用錨栓數量的計算程 序。同樣地，計算水泥地基的錨栓用量時，要考量到地基的屬性、錨栓的屬性，以及 荷載對扣件造成的影響。緊固件產品製造經銷商協會正在與共同參與的莫斯科土木 工程大學研擬這套標準，並將俄國當地的標準納入考量(包括SP 15.13330 ：石材與 強化石材結構的標準)。

BSW公司增加對13個歐盟國的出口量 截至2020年底，BSW公司對歐盟市場出口了超過92.5萬噸鋼產品。 對該公司採購量成長最大的國家是西班牙、斯洛維尼亞和法國，出貨量翻了一倍 以上。該公司對奧地利、愛爾蘭、羅馬尼亞、波蘭和芬蘭的出口增量超過30%。2020 年，歐盟佔該公司的出口量超過45%，盤元、鋼線和車用結構鋼材的需求很大，結構 鋼材的出貨量比前一年度大增許多。2020年輸出到歐盟的20~80mm結構鋼材出口成 長量達到150%以上，出口額達3,450萬美金。2020年，BSW公司向53國總共出口了200 萬噸鋼產品。值得注意的是，去年春季的疫情使該公司面臨市場對鋼線產品的需求 下降的問題。但自去年六月起，市場消費量開始回升到平時的水準。總體來說，2021年 元旦當日，BSW公司庫存了相當於兩天產量的成品。

Europartner集團推 出多功能扣件包裝 Europartner 集團在2020年最 引人注目的創新是推出全新的扣件 產品多功能包裝。此包裝的優點包 括視覺呈現扣件產品、防止被破壞、 包裝上標示產品的技術資訊、內附 梅花鑽頭、整齊收納產品、容易重 複使用。 這家尼龍扣件製造商在去年12 月大幅擴大生產。 2020年，Europartner 在廠內 設立教育訓練中心，邀請俄籍射出 成形塑膠加工業者參與課程。授課 者包括塑膠加工、材料科學方面的 專家、射出成形機與周邊機械的供 應商代表、模具設計師。

Alexander Ostashov <扣件·黏著劑·工具>雜誌主編 Marina Valiakhmetova <Metiz>雜誌編輯

027

China Fastener World no.62/2021

如此就能擴大盤元、線材、扣件等等金屬產品的 陣容，並提升現有產品的品質。該公司的高碳鋼盤元這種需求量最大的產品將會提 高40%的年產量，同時其物理性能和力學性能將獲得改善。

美洲新聞

美洲新聞 工業扣件需求年複合成長率成長4%

FIN扣件股價指數在供應鏈中 斷下仍維持成長 供應鏈的中斷並沒有在2021年第一季讓FIN 扣件股價指數的發展「脫軌」，仍舊維持快速的步 調，相較於相關工業股價指數6.5%的增長，仍攀 升9.6%。

Tree Isla nd Steel 在第一季股價漲幅創新 高，成長幅度為 72.4%。在 2020 年，Tree Island 因為更高的出貨量，營收增加 7.7% 達到2.159 億 美元。毛利增加至2,590萬美元，毛利率則從2019 年的 8.9% 攀升至12%。其他在第一季股價也出 現上升的扣件企業還有Carpenter Technology (增加 41.3%); C h icago R ivet (增加 11. 5%); Dorman Products (增加18.2%); Fastenal (增加 2.9%); ITW (增加8.6%); Howmet Aerospace (增 加12.6%); Lawson Products (增加1.9%); MSC Industrial (增加6.9%); Nucor (增加50%); Park Ohio (增加1.9%); Simpson Mfg. (增加11%); 和 Stanley Black & Decker (增加11.8%)。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

在第一季股價出現下滑的扣件企業有EACO - Bisco Industries ( 下滑4.5%); Grainger ( 下滑 1.8%); 和 TriMas (下滑4.2%)。在2020年期間，扣 件股價指數增加了10%，低於相關工業股價指數 12.8%的成長百分比。

據Fact.MR 稱，全球工業扣件市場預計會以年複合成長率4%的 速度持續擴展至2031年，同時螺紋和塑膠工業扣件的需求也會在 許多類別的末端使用產業持續攀升。報導指出: 「新冠疫情的爆發 暫時影響了2020年的產業發展，隨著疫苗開打和新措施成為常態， 汽車、建築和其他關鍵末端用戶產業從去年最後一季也開始恢復生 氣。例如，整體產業前景在過去2006至2020年仍維持正向發展。」 隨著工業扣件製造商 開始導入先進技術和大量 投入各種研發活動，產業預 計會在接下來幾年進一步 拓展。汽車產業快速和穩 定的復甦以及各種商用和 家居建築建案使用更多的 工業扣件，預期會增加美 國供應商的營收。 報告稱，德國的高端汽車領域和疫情障礙逐漸克服後，建築案 件的增加讓該國也出現強勁成長。 同樣地，中國預期在接下來幾年那些促進工業扣件銷售的建 築、汽車和家電產業將會出現大幅成長。做為全球最大的車輛市 場，中國預期汽車輸出會在2025年達到3,500萬輛。 印度在工業扣件的需求、銷售和生產是已經崛起的獲利國，且 預期會持續成長至2031年。豐富的原物料和勞動力以及來自建築業 的需求都支撐著印度的銷售。 目前，工業扣件用原料的塑膠越來越受市場歡迎。根據 Fact.

MR，因為以下幾個優點將會有更多人使用:

• 輕量

• 成本效率

• 使用上有彈性

• 不會生鏽

非螺紋和航太等級的工業扣件預計會進一步刺激供應商的銷 售直至2031年。 汽車和建築產業對工業扣件有高度需求。其他關鍵末端使用產 業有航太和家電。

028

美洲新聞

扣件電鍍塗層領域的面貌正在改變中

WINA成立Würth Additive Group Würth Industry North America (WINA)已 經成立Würth Additive Group，這是一家提供擴 展3D 列印產品服務 (包括設備融資租借)的美國 新公司。WINA從2017年開始提供3D 列印產品 和服務，包括快速原型製作和列印生產工具。 WINA執行長Dan Hill 表示: 「我們非常高 興可以為客戶帶來創新的數位供應鏈方案。透過 把工業3D列印技術與現有存貨產品進行整合， 我們可以提供更快速交期，更低的庫存成本以 及更好的環境永續進行式。我們目前有能力可 除去採購、購買和交通成本，為客戶提供直接價 值。」 獲派為Würth Additive Group 新任執行長 的AJ Strandquist 表示: 「我們非常興奮可以提 供設備租借和融資服務選項及提供3D列印製造 服務給廣大的市場。

Strandquist表示: 「我們的任務是要提供客 戶運作時可倚賴和有助益的數位供應鏈解決方 案的實踐、執行和支援。我們透過提供清楚的執 行流程、省成本的選擇、持續的支援、策略性供 應商清單和可達到迅速投資報酬的財務相關服 務來進行。」

據NNi Training and Consulting創辦人Laurence Claus表示， 「大家可能很容易就會以為電鍍塗層選項應該『就是這樣了』」。但 是法規和規範的改變還是需要持續注意。」 在扣件和汽車零件供應商產業已經工作將近 25 年的 Claus 表示: 「你需要很確定某些會讓你感到驚訝的事不會發生在你身 上。」舉例來說，鎘已經不被使用30 年，但鎘的替代品仍然是很熱 門的話題，尤其是在國防產業。同樣的，六價鉻在15年前也被嚴格 限制使用。

Claus表示 :「其已經被證明對人和環境是危險的。」 歐盟推動車輛禁用六價鉻的做法也迫使美國照做。他表示，未 來也有可能限制鉻在任何地方使用。

Claus表示:「我們持續在解決這種禁用問題的基礎上，看到鉻 酸鹽和其他電鍍替代選項有所改善 。」Claus特別提到，目前沒有 任何要被改變的法規。沒有任何新消息可報告，但也沒有任何法規 即將失效。它們隨時間一直變動中。」舉例來說 : RoHs規範自2003 年被採用以來修改過很多次。「仔細關注這些主題，因為事情變化 中。每一項施加至扣件上的表面處理都是可以被修正的一些規範 結果。」根據設計，產業標準至少每 5年就要重新審議也要經常更 新。案例包括最近幾年有進行明顯修正的ASTM F1941/F1941M和 ISO 4002。Claus預測，我們可能會看到更新氫脆要求的討論再次 出現。 客戶的要求也在改變，包括腐蝕加速測試、去除含鉻產品以及 增加新電鍍塗層標準或選項。「根據客戶需要的方案選擇電鍍塗層 真的很重要。」

China Fastener World no.62/2021

St ra ndquist 於 2014 年加入 Wü r t h，在升 遷 之前最 後擔任 的 是 W I N A 的 3 D 產品方 案 經理。他是 O pt i m a s Solut ion s 執行長 Ma r c Strandquist的兒子。 WINA在2020 年三月與工業金屬和碳纖維 3D印刷服務供應商Markforged簽署全球經銷協 議，提供各種3D列印機和工業應用材料。其數位 供應鏈策略包括可以協助客戶減少成本和降低 營運風險的3D 製造列印、數位零件存檔和庫存 分析軟體。WINA是Würth集團旗下市值達10 億 美元的公司，擁有110 個據點，提供 420,000 種扣 件和C部件服務。

029

美洲新聞 扣件企業面臨供應挑戰 美國扣件經銷商協會專題討論小組表示，運送物流 和其他供應鏈挑戰正主導著扣件經銷商和製造商關注的 重點。 據Field Fastener供應鏈經理Melissa Patel表示:「產 品可得性受到台灣原物料需求影響，這個需求導致交貨延 期長達6週。」Patel表示，同樣地，貨運吃緊以及美國國內 鐵道運輸延遲讓運送又多了好幾週。而且匯率也讓扣件 企業面對的問題更加惡化。已經在 Field 公司服務18 年的 Patel表示 :「我印象中在管理部門中討論匯率問題並沒有 那麼顯著過。」

Optimas Solutions 執行長Marc Strandquist也對這 些關切表示認同。Strandquist 表示 : 「新冠疫情是讓企 業經營變得困難的議題，不論是在供應端或企業內部。進 口訂單目前很多。每個人都在多下訂單，造成需求不真實 的現象。」某位製造商向Strandquist 表示，有位原本都下 100,000 件訂單的客戶最近才剛下了1,500萬件。「對一些 美國國內製造商來說現在的情況宛如身處天堂。」因應這 樣的情況，鋼價正持續上漲，分配額度存在投機現象。 Patel 表示，除了成本上漲外，還有品質的問題，因為 企業生意興旺導致較無經驗的工人產出有問題的產品。考 量到川普當時對中國扣件和其他產品所施加的301關稅， Field持續對鮭魚返鄉企業的產品進行評估。「我們一直都 小心地確保我們生產的任何產品的總成本是在最佳的範 圍內。」因為Optimas Solutions國內的產品佔了很強的比 例，全球供應端的問題對企業鮭魚返鄉產生額外的壓力。 Strandquist表示: 「客戶對我們的作法產生質疑，因 為他們對於整個供應鏈的穩定感到擔心。」Strandquist 指 出，鋼價由兩種要素組成，就是基價和附加價。他表示 : 「附加價目前是上下震盪。」儘管供應鏈充滿不確定性，代 工規劃也沒有變得更加精確。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Patel表示: 「我不期待這部分會改變或改善。他們正 在支付我們費用來為其進行管理。」 Strandquist也附和這觀點。 他們不會感到一絲感激。對客戶來說，就是螺栓罷了。

Strandquist表示，因應這樣的情況，扣件供應商被迫 要使用空運來滿足客戶需求。但是這麼做成本太高了，因 為相較於電腦晶片，扣件的價值較低而且非常重。「供應鏈 目前的狀況很瘋狂。每個人都恨不得自己能趕上速度。」

030

Semblex宣布資深主管異動 美 國 S e m b l e x C o r p o r a t i o n 及其母公司 J i n h a p Company, Ltd.宣布主管安排有異動，並自2021年5月1日 生效。前董事長Jinsoo Kim已經被擢升將領導Jinhap的國 際業務和韓國以外的海外據點，包括中國的Jinhap 子企業 和美國的Semblex。他將在今年稍後轉派駐韓國。Kim從 Semblex在2014年被Jinhap併購後就一直服務於Semblex， 擔任 Semblex的營運長，從2019年三月起還擔任公司執行 長和總經理。前 Semblex營運長Gene Simpson則被擢升 接手K im 的執行長和公司董事長的位置。在擔任營運長 之前，Simpson在過去29 年間擔任過許多 Semblex關鍵主 管職位，包括品質工程管理副總和工程服務經理。成立於 1968年的Semblex Corporation是供應全球領導製造商創 新冷成型產品方案的優異供應商。這些製造商尤其注意降 低組裝相關成本，同時也必須因應市場挑戰找出當地產業 新興材料緊固的最佳方式。Semblex Corporation提供客戶 最新的緊固產品和技術，以及精密的冷成型和車修零件和 特殊組合件。

Optimas增加更大線徑扣件生產 美國工業製造經銷 和服務提供商 Optimas S ol u t io n s 宣 布新增更 大線徑 (M12-M18)且符 合產業標準 MATHread ® 和 Taptite 2000 ® 授權的產品生 產。更大線徑M12-M18的 MATHread 和 Taptite 2000產 品生產強化Optimas 在這些授權產品製造的能力。其先前 已經有生產較小線徑的MATHread、Mortorq ®、Phillips Square-Driv ®、Remform® 和Taptite 2000 ®品牌。這種經 強化的更大線徑製造能力與現有較小線徑產品的供應能 力產生互補，並進一步為 Optimas直接供應產業領導製造 方案給經銷商和代工商的需求提供支援。Optimas執行長 Marc Strandquist 表示: 「多年來我們持續生產較小線徑 的授權扣件。現在透過美國和英國廠房的技術升級，我們 可以生產更大線徑授權產品來讓我們在需要更大線徑扣 件的各式產業中(像是汽車、載重貨卡、建築機械和農業設 備)更具競爭力。」藉由增加大線徑的能力，Optimas可以促 進與知名代工品牌夥伴關係的建立。這些授權讓 Optimas 供應客戶下一世代可以改善效能、降低安裝時間、減少重 量和節省成本的緊固方案。Optimas美國和英國廠提供各 式冷成型扣件的製造，包括金屬螺紋成形設計和塑膠滾軋 成型設計。Strandquist 表示: 「透過與高品質值得尊敬的 扣件授權商(像是MATHread、Phillips和 Taptite)合作，我 們可以持續改善製造能力。因為我們持續採行2020年第三 季宣布的製造方案策略，自然就慢慢為現有和新客戶的應 用需要增加更大線徑的產品能力。」

美洲新聞

Tanner Bolt & Nut 和 Parker Fasteners簽署經銷協議 美國Tanner Bolt & Nut Inc.宣布已經與Parker Fasteners達成協議，將成為其Lock-Out®最高安全性螺絲在美國的獨 家經銷商。Lock-Out是一款創新的安全螺絲，有特殊用以施加高扭力的專利頭部凹槽。不同的橢圓中心銷和多重鑽頭凹 槽/鍵的組合提供客戶更高安全性的多種防破壞扣件選項。安裝鑽頭沒有個別販售，只能透過Tanner取得。Lock-Out 有多 款頭部樣式、螺紋、線徑、長度、材料和表面處理。線徑範圍從1/4" 至5/8"，M1.4至M16，以及#0 至 #10，特定線徑長度可 達 12"。可生產材料包括碳鋼、不鏽鋼302HQ、304、316、A286和黃銅合金鋼4037、8740。為了替客戶的財產或產品提供 最大的保護，Lock-Out可以以專屬的鑽頭凹槽樣式製造。Tanner 於2021年三月初接到第一批存貨訂單並將會持續強化其 庫存至全年度。客製化的產品一般會在8-10周內出貨。Tanner Bolt & Nut Inc.是美國優質工業和安全扣件、合規壁虎等產 品以及電動工具配件的經銷商。40多年來，Tanner 具豐富知識的銷售和技術支援人員，一直把客戶放 在最優先，提供創新高值的產品。Tanner與超過50 個可以提供其客戶引領業界經驗、創新和品管的 著名高質品牌合作。Parker Fasteners 是有 ISO 和 AS9100 Rev D認證的優異冷鍛頭製造商，其皆採用 符合DFARS標準的美國材料。Parker Fasteners對自 己能生產滿足客戶規格品質扣件和提前或準時交貨 的表現感到自豪。

美國進階抗腐蝕金屬塗層供應商 G reen kote 宣布美國總 部的廠房產能將進行擴大升級，主要是因應很多不同產業需要 使用於外在環境的金屬扣件和五金防腐蝕保護需求的高漲。 Greenkote執行長Mark Gore表示:「我不知道氣候變遷會不會也 是部份原因之一，但我們正看到對暴露於自然環境下各式金屬零件抗腐蝕塗層訂單有顯著的增加。訂單來自很多產業， 包括汽車、鐵道、電力輸送、風力發電等。這些都是需把扣件、緊固元件和其他金屬五金長期暴露在戶外腐蝕環境中的應 用。因為很多其他因素讓我們這一塊業務領域的佔比更加擴大也是有可能的。首先，Greenkote塗層實際上是滲入金屬表 面，使其可以抗損傷，表現比其他塗層處理(像是電鍍鋅和烤 漆)更耐久、性能更好。其他因素則是生態友善性。其他許多塗 層加工方式含有酸類和汙染化學物，所以使用上被環保法規 嚴格限制。但是，正如其名，Greenkote對環境很友善。」Gore 表示其額外的塗層設備安裝已經完成，且廠房已經在產能明 顯擴大下全力運作。Greenkote為許多使用零件經常暴露於氣 候變化和嚴酷腐蝕環境的建築、汽車、鐵道、公用事業等產業 提供抗腐蝕塗層服務。Greenkote可以應用在廣泛的金屬零件 ( 從有螺紋扣件至沖壓和鑄造件；尺寸從0.2"至78"都有)。專利 Greenkote塗層正在取代許多舊式抗腐蝕加工法(像是電鍍鋅、 熱浸鍍、粉末鍍鋅、金屬薄層等)。 除了腐蝕防護能力增加外， Greenkote技術提供優異的黏著度、更長的抗摩擦和更仔細的 包覆，使其可以在複雜的幾何環境 (例如小的螺紋部件)下使 用。Greenkote 也可消除因氫脆所產生的金屬失效，這也是很 多傳統塗層常遇到的問題。Greenkote是以不可以有含毒化學 物質以及不會產生有毒副產品的專利鋅基乾熱滲透法所進行。 因此，對人體和環境特別具友善性。

031

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Greenkote: 金屬扣件抗腐蝕塗層的訂單變多了

美洲新聞

美國將持續對中國扣件 課徵關稅 市場觀察網(MarketWatch) 報導，美 國總統拜登有意在任職的初期維持對中 國課徵進口稅，並表示美國需要更多槓桿 優勢來對抗貿易陋習。拜登對紐約時報專 欄作家 Thomas Friedman說：「我不會做 出任何立即的動作，在課徵關稅方面也是 如此。」 「我不會去破壞我手上握有的選 項。」拜登說會試著建立一個同盟陣線對 抗中國不公正的貿易行為，同時淡化前總 統川普使用的嚴厲政治用詞，試著與中國 改善外交關係。 分析人士說，透過與歐洲結盟並保留 川普的關稅措施，拜登面對中國可以保持 槓桿優勢，遏止國會的批判聲浪並 提高 大眾的支持。川普在 2018 年開始對中國扣 件課進口稅，對價值3700 億美金的中國商 品課徵雙位數的關稅，引發了數十年來美 國最大的貿易戰。該關稅包括對中國製螺 栓、螺絲與其他扣件 (海關編碼7318.11.00 ~ 7318.29.00) 課徵25%稅，對中國製鋼鐵 螺帽(7318.16.00)課15%關稅。此關稅是基 於1974年貿易法第301條，允許白宮對抗其 認為不合理、具歧視性、壓迫或限制美國 商業的外國貿易。

美國貿易代表處公告的產品名單包括： 7318.11.00 -

鋼鐵製方頭木螺絲

7318.12.00 -

鋼鐵製木螺絲(不含方頭木螺絲)

7318.13.00 -

鋼鐵製螺絲鉤與螺絲環

7318.14.10 -

鋼鐵製自攻螺絲(含有桿部位或者螺紋 直 徑小於6mm)

7318.14.50 -

鋼鐵製自攻螺絲(含有桿部位或者螺紋 直 徑6mm以上)

7318.15.20 -

同批進口的鋼鐵製螺栓與其螺帽或墊片

7318.15.40 -

長度9.5mm以上或直徑3.2mm的鋼鐵製機 械螺絲 (不含帶帽螺絲)

7318.15.50 -

鋼鐵製螺柱

7318.15.60 -

含有桿部位或者螺紋直徑小於6mm的鋼鐵 製螺絲和螺栓

7318.15.80 -

含有桿部位或者螺紋直徑6mm以上的鋼鐵 製螺絲和螺栓

7318.19.00 -

類似螺絲、螺栓、螺帽、方頭木螺絲與螺紋 鉤的鋼鐵製螺紋工件

7318.21.00 -

鋼鐵製彈簧墊片或其他鎖固式墊片

7318.22.00 - 鋼鐵製墊片 (不含彈簧墊片與其他鎖固式 墊片) 7318.23.00 - 鋼鐵製鉚釘 7318.24.00 -

鋼鐵製開口銷

7318.29.00 -

類似鉚釘、開口銷、墊片和彈簧墊片的鋼

China Fastener World no.62/2021

鐵製非螺紋工件 九月，世貿組織決議川普對價值4000 億美金的中國商品課徵關稅的行動違反國 際貿易法規。市場觀察網報導：「川普堅稱 中國正在承擔關稅的成本，但各主流研究 都顯示付出代價的是美國顧客。」雖然301 法條的關稅目前仍不變動，但根據市場觀 察網，拜登的政權可能會「將川普基於國安 考量對中國以外數個國家課徵的鋼鋁材進 口關稅縮減或暫停」。232 法條的關稅使汽 車和家電等等工業產品和消費性商品的成 本飆升。 在 2019 年美國拉斯維加斯螺絲暨機 械設備展中，律師 Richard Wortman表示， 即使美國已經選出了新總統，301關稅可能 會再持續一段時間。他強調，關稅已變成 聯邦政府的收入，而不是所謂的「稅金」。 「得要花上一段時間才能讓關稅退位。」

032

美洲新聞

Stanley Black & Decker公司在併 購後扣件銷量大增

XL Screw公司的Bob Sachs先生說：「過去12個 月以來，貨櫃成本巨幅上升。」貨櫃的短缺是由一場完 美風暴引發的，可以羅列出數個原因。 Sachs說：「輪船公司現在是漁翁得利，據說獲利 破了紀錄。他們過得很快樂。」他解釋貨櫃荒的其中 一個成因，是「世界各地都有被擱置的貨櫃等著運回 到遠東國家。貨物量太不足了，無法運回遠東。」「這 造成沒有貨櫃可用來運回美國。」疫情也造就了這場 貨櫃荒。他強調：「由於去年的事業活動急遽減速，我 聽說貨櫃製造商當時大幅削減生產，現在他們的生產 趕不上需求。」他指出，由於2019 年世界經濟表現不 錯，市場使用貨櫃空間的需求一直增長到當年年底。 「由於全球對產品的需求增加，所以當時企業還必須 補庫存。」 個人防護設備目前的需求特別高，「各國政府都 在花重金給輪船公司運送個人防護設備」。他說政府 將個人防護設備放在第一順位的做法是可以理解的。 他說貨櫃荒的第四個原因是輪船公司「大量縮減出航 次數，以產生市場對貨櫃空間的需求，藉此利用局勢 來調高價格。」他發現輪船運費價格每天都在變。他補 充說農曆新年也必定會推升貨櫃空間的需求。他觀察 發現「有很多船停泊在美國西岸港口等著卸貨，這會 造成很長的延遲。這些原因都造就了一場完美風暴！」 貨櫃的現況何時會改善？他解釋：「我不知道何時會 改善或何時運輸成本會穩定下來。疫情造成的因素實 在太多，這時代非常不尋常，有許多問題未解。」他發 現，貨櫃空間的短缺和運輸成本的劇增，在過去都來 去得很快。「恐怕我得說，貨櫃荒偏偏要挑疫情未明 和中美貿易戰的時候發生。你只需要迎接挑戰繼續走 下去。」

Dyson公司在德州新開設製造經銷 據點 俄亥俄州的Dyson公司宣布在今年一月於休士頓啟用 新據點。這現代化設施是地基錨栓產品的製造據點，以供 應西南部風力發電市場不斷成長的需求。

John Wolz, FIN 編輯(globalfastenernews.com) Mike McNulty, FTI 副總兼編輯 (www.fastenertech.com)

033

China Fastener World no.62/2021

「完美風暴引發美國貨櫃荒」

Stanley Black & Decker 公司 回報扣件產品營業額在2020 年第四 季下跌2%，因為車用扣件的強勁成 長力被通用工業市場的萎縮 ( 即使 已經有改善) 翻盤了。此結果又被逆轉，因為該公司以15億 美金併購了Consolidated Aerospace Manufacturing LLC (CAM) 公司，帶來11%的營業額成長。位於加州的 CA M 公司生產航太扣件和零件，它在 2021年被 Tinicum 創立 成為一家控股公司，控管八家活躍於航太零件產業的製 造廠，其中包括Bristol Industries、E.A. Patten、Aerofit、 Voss Industries、3V Fasteners、QRP 、Moeller公司。 它 在第四季包括扣件的工業事業營業額成長10%，達 6.58 億美金，利潤增長14.4%，達 8,890萬美金，增率13.5%。 Stanley Black & Decker公司在第四季包括扣件的工業事 業營業額下降 3.4%，落在 23.5 億美金，利潤下降 32.5%， 落在 2.25 萬美金，跌率9.6%。合併營收增加1%，達145.3 億美金。第一季淨收益增加29%，達12.3億美金。

特別報導

新品大道

整理/惠達編輯部

一壓即鎖固定銷 SPIROL 宣布目前實心固定銷產品線又增添一款全新的 BP100 系列一壓即鎖固定銷。主要是設計用來把兩個塑膠零件牢牢固定 在一起。這款固定銷兩端都有反向隆起的倒鉤，角度與置入方向 相反。置入固定銷時，塑膠零件會填滿倒鉤週邊的區域，讓軸向 抗力最大化，創造出安全和抗破壞的組裝。這款新型固定銷質 輕、不含鉛，並由抗腐蝕的鋁料製成。其最大的應用優勢在於組 裝時間更快，且相較於其他螺絲和黏著劑組裝設備成本更低廉。

墊片分揀機Ultra View-SLD 日本 OSI 是一家專做外觀檢測機的製造商，產品獲得美國國民機械 (National Machinery)的採用。該公司成功開發出Ultra View-SLD平墊片 分揀機，其中的代碼SLD是代表英文的「slide(滑動)」，意味著可以透 過滾動平墊片的方式，以攝影鏡頭檢查墊片的正面和背面。該機的第 一代對應外徑10mm~30mm的平墊片，並已在2020年10月開始供應。

可完美定位之不銹鋼調整螺絲

China Fastener World no.62/2021

新擠壓螺樁

為了達到安全性高且簡便的調整以及快速機制和工模具 更換， Winco開發出有調整標尺的不銹鋼調整螺絲以及搭配 使用的承力塊和滾花螺帽。這款創新的不銹鋼調整螺絲 GN 827 主要是用來與 GN 828 承力塊一起使用，可以簡化零件 接合上各種機器加工和組裝機制。這意味需要進行設備重 新定位調整的工序可以進行地更快。使用調整螺絲，機械 機制不需轉動以 0.1mm 為刻度單位的旋鈕和內六角頭即可 在定位點移入移出。根據應用不同，不銹鋼調整螺絲有各 式螺紋線徑和長度，且搭配 GN 828 承力塊就可緊固在生產 機器上。一旦找到最佳設定，調整螺絲就能以不銹鋼滾螺 帽 GN 827.1 鎖固定位。承力塊是以光滑拋光的鋁料製成， 可以從上方或前方安裝。

034

擠壓螺樁多用在汽車業。將擠壓螺樁壓 入材料時常發生材料翹曲或壓入處產生毛邊 的問題，這影響產品的精密度和品質。日本 日東精工開發的新型擠壓螺樁，可以減少翹 曲和毛邊，並更加減少空轉，它的瓣狀突起 部位內側有個凹部可以容納變形的材料，變 形之處會往公螺紋那一側突出，防止產生毛 邊，同時防止回轉。該產品正申請專利，目 標每月生產100萬支。

特別報導 CSV建築螺絲 美國工程建築連接件及建築方案領導廠商Simpson Strong-Tie宣布將進一步 把受歡迎的強力驅動 CSV 建築螺絲推出給美國市場的五金和螺絲供應商。尺 寸有2½"和3"長度，並有黃色鋅抗腐蝕電鍍，CSV建築螺絲是一款多變，多功 能專門用於各種木對木和工程木質內裝應用的緊固產品。特色是頭部下方有 鋼筆尖設計、低扭力螺紋和快速起始點， CSV 建築螺絲施力時不耗力，且被 設計來用以做一般目的緊固之用。 CSV建築螺絲特點包括 : 低扭力螺紋可讓鑽 入能力提高最多35%、肋紋頭部設計可輕鬆進行鑽孔裝埋，提供乾淨完整的外 觀、高低點提供快速起鑽、優化螺紋適合立體木材、包含 T25六瓣螺絲鑽頭。

自擴孔錨栓 日本Sunco Techno的自擴孔錨栓在栓入的過程中會自動在孔壁中削孔 和擴底，能夠略過許多步驟。錨栓本體上以及專用工具上都畫有目視確認 用的顏色標記，以確認安裝完全。自擴孔錨栓的拉伸強度為400N/mm2， 降伏強度為240N/mm2。它含有一個卡榫設計，可透過專用移除工具將它 從牆壁取出。目前已運用在金屬階梯、隧道燈架、高架橋、機械安裝。材 質包括鋼製與不鏽鋼製。

Emaluce(愛馬魯契)電鍍技術 電鍍通常會使用液態電鍍液，所以大多稱為「濕電鍍作業」。 日本 Emanak 公司的愛馬魯契電鍍技術與濕電鍍作業大不相同，而 是採用乾式電鍍，不須使用電鍍液。它可消除熱氣或氫脆化現象導 致的應力弱化問題，可為高強度螺栓等等難以電鍍的產品提供高度 防腐蝕效果。特點： 1. 可電鍍鐵質與非鐵質材料。 2. 常溫乾式電 鍍，因此沒有應力降低的風險。3. 酸處理和電解反應程度低；沒有 氫脆化問題。 4. 不須密封。 5. 珠擊的表面處理效果讓產品的力學 性能獲得提升。6. 環保。

日 本 太 陽 不 鏽 鋼 彈 簧 公 司 ( TAI YO Stainless Spring)製造的臨時固定用 「 Prehold 墊片」可提升作業效率。它 採用不鏽鋼材質，耐腐蝕、強度高，不 論正面或反面都可以讓螺栓插入，可以 透過它將螺栓輕鬆裝到車用或機械用零 件上，並透過彈簧反作用力來固定住。

適用於鹽害地區的防鏽系統 在鹽害環境中單單使用鋅含量高的富鋅漆料(zinc-rich paint)時， 鋅的消耗速度往往高過預期。另一方面，矽質的 ZECCOAT 塗料會 隨著鋅製的抗腐蝕膜消耗而降低效力。因此 Roval 公司和放電精密 加工研究所正在合力開發能用於鹽害地區的防鏽系統。該系統將會 有以下特點 : 1. 可適用於鐵製與鋅電鍍的表面。可防止機械式停車 場、鐵製樓梯、管線、橋梁腐蝕。2. 不含重金屬、環保、防腐蝕效 果高。3. 在鹽害環境中減緩鋅的溶解、抑制腐蝕，降低保修成本。

035

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Prehold墊片

產業報導

文/

馮琴

中國 扣件 行業 市場 規模 2021年 及前 景 預測 （一）行業定義及分類 分析 張先

鳴

扣件又稱標準件，俗稱螺絲螺帽，屬於機械基礎零件，一直被譽為“工業之 米＂ ，扣件的特點是品種規格繁多，性能用途各異，標準化、系列化、通用化的程 度極高，應用領域廣泛，涉及國民經濟諸多部門，大到太空梭、汽車和機械設備， 小到玩具桌椅，皆有其身影。

扣件為將兩個或兩個以上零件（或構件）緊固連接成為一件整體時所採用 的一類機械零件的總稱，主要包括：螺栓、螺柱、螺釘、螺帽、自攻螺釘、木螺釘、 擋圈、墊圈、銷、鉚釘、組合件和SEM螺絲、焊釘等十二大類，是作緊固連接用且 應用極為廣泛的一類機械零件。

（三）市場規模

China Fastener World no.62/2021

（二）中國扣件行業概況 中國扣件產業經過改革開放40多年的發 展，已完成了由小到大的轉變，產量居世界第 一，是名副其實的生產大國和出口大國。作為 最基礎、最通用的機械基礎件，扣件產業對 國家新戰略新興產業有著舉足輕重的作用， 該產業是資金密集型和高新技術的戰略性產 業，具有廣闊的市場需求和良好的發展前景。 扣件是應用最廣泛的機械基礎件，廣泛應用 於汽車、能源、電子、電器、機械等行業，在各 種機械設備、車輛、船舶、鐵路、橋樑、建築、 儀器儀錶等處處都可以看到各式各樣的扣 件。其中，汽車是扣件最大應用領域，應用占 比為23.2%，其次是維修工業和建築工業，應 用占比20%，第三市場是電子工業，應用占比 16.6%。最後是工業機械占比13%、金屬製品 占比11%，其他占比16.2%。

036

2012 年至2019 年，中國扣件製造業的主營業務收入在不斷上升至 2017年達到峰值後下降。到2019年底，中國扣件製造業的主營業務收入為 1,220.59億人民幣。 2019年，扣件行業遭遇了各種各樣的挑戰和困境，中美貿易戰影響顯 現，出口下降明顯；國際貿易摩擦增多，企業出口受阻；原材料價格居高不 下，生產成本增加；環保監察力度加大，很多企業被要求整改、搬遷，甚至 關停；各方面綜合成本居高不下等因素都制約著企業進一步擴大生產和 出口。2020年初，突發新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情，雖然目前國內疫情形勢好 轉，但“外防輸入、內防擴散＂的疫情防控形勢仍較為嚴峻。全球疫情仍然 沒有得到有效控制，這將繼續影響扣件行業的生產及出口，預計2020年主 營業務收入將繼續下滑，達到1125.6億人民幣。由於中國政府積極採取措 施應對新冠疫情，國內疫情也被完全控制住，人們可以正常從事生產經營 活動，國家也大力促進產業內迴圈，這對扣件行業將是利好的消息。從市 場競爭格局來看，隨著產業的持續快速發展，中國規模以上製造扣件企業 數量已經增長至7000餘家，目前已經初步逐漸形成了以長三角、珠三角及 環渤海地區為中心的產業集聚區，而在這些區域的扣件企業合計市場佔有 率達到75%以上。就目前來看，中國絕大部分扣件企業為中小型企業，而 這類企業的整體規模相對較小，且產品研發能力較弱，導致生產產品主要 集中在中低端領域，但在技術含量相對較高的高端扣件市場缺乏競爭優 勢。因此企業加快發展高端領域將會是未來中國扣件市場主流趨勢。

產業報導 2020年中國扣件出口數量為4,069,125噸，同比下降2.1%；出口金額為8,792,590千美元，同比 增長8.1%；出口均價為2.16千美元/噸。而預計2021年主營業務收入將有所回升，營業收入 可達1225.4億人民幣。 ▼

中國鋼材價格呈現先抑後揚態勢。2020年第一季度，因為疫情負 面衝擊，全國鋼材市場行情低迷。隨著鋼材需求得到強化，從4月份 開始走出低谷，持續性震盪揚升。截止到2020年底，全國鋼材綜合價 格指數，比低點上漲了約26%。

2020年，扣件行業確實不容易，鋼材價格不斷上漲，導致扣件 企業成本的不斷上升，加上經濟低迷，國內外需求疲軟，貿易保護主 義不斷抬頭，外單外貿成交量越來越少；廠房越來越貴，還要抱著錢 去各處求租；物料成本和物價水準越來越高，進而縮小利潤空間；陷 入沒有業務不敢投錢買設備，不買設備接不到單的閉環；招工難，招 技術工人更難，這是企業當前面臨的普遍問題。工資年年漲還是用工 荒，收款難回款速度慢，供應商一層拖一層的貨款 ......因此，能在疫 情中堅持走下去的扣件廠家，相信都是比較可靠和有實力的。

② 人民幣升值，出口壓力大 2020年底至2021年初，人民幣兌美元中間價 6.40~ 6.50，人民 幣兌美元短期升值是雙刃劍，快速升值的動力來自於內外部因素的 共同作用。首先，從全球看，這是全球資金避險的需求。全球疫情 尚未得到有效控制，每天確診和死亡率還在創出新高。經濟方面， 按照世界銀行的測算，2020 年世界經濟依然維持負增長的局面。 這些都導致全球資金目前迫切尋找著避風港。從國內看，這是中國 實力的體現。疫情防控效果有目共睹，經濟增速由負轉正。中國迸 發出的強勁消費需求刺激了內需增長，也催生了人民幣資產的價值 重估。同時，全面復工復產讓中國迅速佔領了世界的產品需求。 升值是一把雙刃劍，一方面推升人民幣資產價格，另一方面， 對出口卻產生負面作用。因此必須主動保持人民幣幣值和匯率的穩 定、均衡和可控。即便是隨著2021年國外經濟逐步復工，不斷復甦， 外貿也面臨匯率波動的壓力。外貿出口扣件企業，加油吧！

（四）行業前景預測分析 新的2021年，是“十四五＂開局之年，做好 今年經濟社會發展工作、邁好“十四五＂時期中 國發展第一步，至關重要。第一步要邁准邁穩， 邁出新氣象，邁出新成效。進入新發展階段，作 為實現國家生態化、數位化、智慧化、高速化、 新舊動能轉換與經濟結構對稱態的重要基礎 設施體系，堅持創新發展、協調發展、綠色發 展、開放發展、共用發展，新型基礎設施建設 受到了社會各界廣泛關注。新發展理念是一個 整體，共同富裕本身就是社會主義現代化的一 個重要目標。

1、創新驅動是建設扣件強國的行動方向 不可否認，中國扣件科技創新能力不強的問題 十分突出，主要表現在創新要素集聚程度低，自主 創新技術缺乏，產品附加價值低等，中國扣件處於 國際產業鏈中低端，採用的技術很多是國外成熟 技術，不少技術進步屬於國外技術創新的溢出，技 術受制於人的情況比較普遍。提升創新驅動發展能 力，必須加強引進技術的消化吸收再創新，增強優 勢產品自主創新能力，形成具有自主智慧財產權的 核心技術和關鍵技術。

③ 價格戰，惡性競爭

核心技術不是簡單的排它性技術，也不等同於 新技術，而是難以掌握、也難以複製，能夠說明企 業提升產品技術含量，降低成本、改善性能、提高 品質的一系列技術，是企業獨有的、是常規技術的 訣竅和精髓，以及有效集成的方法。

國內外需求疲軟的背景下，扣件行業的競爭更加激烈和白日 化。面對原材料上漲、人工成本上漲、國內外需求減少等壓力，扣件 企業還要面臨激烈的同行競爭。例如為了搶佔市場，競爭對手可能 讓利，不惜虧本降價 15%。為此，扣件企業如何應對？是冒著丟失 客戶的風險堅持自己的價格？還是降到與競爭對手一樣的價格，虧 本成交？扣件行業原本就是利潤低且價格透明，惡性價格競爭是 便飯。但是扣件人必須要清楚：低價競爭沒有出路，造成的結果是 大家誰也掙不到錢！

中國扣件企業必須提高創新驅動能力，堅持自 主正向研發，掌控核心技術，在常規技術上做精， 在差異化技術上做強。同時企業間應努力共用關 鍵技術（平臺），避免各自為戰，重複投入，面面俱 到，全面開花。為掌控核心技術，企業應走自主正 向開發之路，以不斷積累，不斷提升，掌握技術訣 竅，最終實現自我超越直至領先，完成扣件大國到 扣件強國的轉變。

我們非常欣賞那些始終堅持自己定位的企業，無論是品牌定 位、品質定位還是價格定位，他們才是行業的脊樑，才是行業的未 來和行業的希望，才是值得尊敬的企業。真正值得尊敬的企業，不 是發展和擴張最快的企業，也不是規模最大的企業，而是始終如 一堅持創造商業價值和社會價值的企業，至始至終有自己底線的 企業。它的存在，是行業的幸事，是社會的幸事，也是自己的幸事！ 所以，堅持自己的產品價值，堅持自己的商業價值，堅持自己存在價 值，是重要的企業底線和商業底線。

2、新發展階段中國扣件業的展望 中國進入新發展階段，完整、準確、全面貫徹 新發展理念，必須更加注重共同富裕問題，全體人 民共同富裕取得更為明顯的實質性進展為目標。

037

China Fastener World no.62/2021

目前扣件企業主要面臨三大挑戰： ① 鋼材價格上漲，成本壓力明顯

產業報導 新發展階段的基本點，緊緊抓住主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，切實解決影響 構建新發展格局、實現高品質發展的突出問題，切實解決影響人民群眾生產生活 的突出問題。創新發展、協調發展、綠色發展、開放發展、共用發展，新發展階段 對於扣件行業的發展帶來新的機遇。 新基建主要包括5G基站建設、特高壓、城際高速鐵路和城市軌道交通、新能 源汽車充電樁、大資料中心、人工智慧、工業互聯網等七大領域，涉及諸多產業鏈。 在產業鏈方面，上海市 2021年重點強化高端產業引領功能，著力增強產業鏈、供應 鏈自主可控能力，大力構建一批戰略性新興產業增長引擎，開展民用飛機製造、高 端醫用材料等補鏈強鏈行動，推動積體電路、新能源汽車、高端裝備等先進製造 業集聚發展。 科技新基建是以技術創新為驅動，以資訊網路為基礎，其中涉及5G、物聯網、 工業互聯網、人工智慧等賽道，從2021年各地政府工作報告中對新基建工作的重 視程度，可以看出中國力爭在上述諸多領域實現科技自主可控的決心。在交通方 面，廣東省積極推進大灣區幹線鐵路、城際鐵路、市域(郊 ) 鐵路、城市軌道交通 “四網融合＂ ，推動珠三角地鐵互聯互通，努力實現主要城市間1小時通達。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

重慶市認真落實雙城經濟圈建設規劃綱要。加快重大事項落地，配合國家有 關部委編制雙城經濟圈國土空間規劃和科技創新中心、西部金融中心、多層次軌 道交通體系等規劃方案，編制萬達開川渝統籌發展示範區、川南渝西融合發展試 驗區等建設方案，提速建設31個重大專案，實施雙城經濟圈交通基礎設施建設行 動方案。多層次軌道交通體系和市域鐵路建設工作的推進，對新基建產業帶來了 極大的利好，比如對大數據，人工智慧及國產軟體，5G通信的國產替代，都會帶來 新的機會。同時，還可以在優化城市功能佈局、促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調的發 展，以及擴大有效投資方面，起到一舉多得之效。

038

從投資的角度來看，投資可能會在市 域鐵路相關產業鏈的人工智慧、國產軟體 及5G 通信方面，特別是在市域鐵路對相關 的應用場景方面提出了更高的科技要求， 相關細分龍頭行業將受益。北京市提出加 快數位基礎設施建設。推廣應用千兆固網、 IPv6，新增5G基站6000 個，建設基於區塊 鏈的可信數位基礎設施，加快人工智慧演 算法資料一體化開放服務平臺建設，統籌 謀劃衛星互聯網、工業互聯網、邊緣計算節 點建設。 關鍵核心和基礎工藝要有新突破，抓 住國家對新能源汽車、新能源裝備、 軌道 交通車輛、航空航太等重點發展機遇，加快 耐熱鋼、耐腐蝕高韌性抗疲勞及鈦合金、鋁 合金等高強度扣件產品的研發，從原材料到 成型工藝，從熱處理到表面處理等都有新 突破，為汽車發動機、核電風電、軌道交通 車輛及空客大飛機等重大工程配套服務。 風電行業的持續發展為扣件行業提供了廣 闊的市場前景。隨著各國環保意識的增強 以及風電成本的持續下降，越來越多的國 家加入到發展風電的行列中。根據國家發 改委能源研究所發佈《中國風電發展路線

產業報導

表1 與扣件有關的檢測和生產國家標準目錄 序號

標準號

標準名稱

代替標準

實施日期

/

2018-05-01

1

GB/T34895-2017 熱處理金相檢驗通則

2

GB/T230.1-2018

金屬材料洛氏硬度 第1部分：試驗方法

GB/T230.1-2009

2018-12-01

3

GB/T231.1-2018

金屬材料布氏硬度 第1部分：試驗方法

GB/T231.1-2009

2019-02-01

4

GB/T2975-2018

鋼及鋼產品力學性能取 樣位置及試樣製備

GB/T2975-1998

2019-02-01

5

GB/T224-2019

鋼的脫碳層深度測定法

GB/T224-2008

2020-05-01

/

2020-11-01

6

GB/T38751-2020 熱處理硬度檢驗通則

7

GB/T38720-2020

中碳鋼與中碳合金結構 鋼淬火金相組織檢驗

/

2020-10-01

8

GB/T38770-2020

低、中碳鋼球化組織檢 驗及評級

/

2020-11-01

9

GB/T38749-2020

/

2020-11-01

10

GB/T3098.232020

可控氣氛熱處理技術要 求 扣件機械性能 M42-M72螺栓、螺釘、 螺柱

/

2020-10-01

11

GB/T3098.242020

扣件機械性能 高溫用 不銹鋼和鎳合金螺栓、 螺釘、螺柱和螺帽

/

2021-06-01

12

GB/T3098.252020

扣件機械性能 不銹鋼 和鎳合金扣件選用指南

/

2021-06-01

13

GB/T229-2020

金屬材料 擺錘式衝擊 試驗方法

GB/T229-2007

2021-04-01

14

GB/T39191-2020

/

2021-05-01

15

GB/T39192-2020 高溫合金件熱處理

/

2021-05-01

16

GB/T39194-2020

真空低壓滲碳高壓氣淬 熱處理技術要求

/

2021-02-01

17

GB/T39130-2020

鍍鋅產品鋅層附著性試 驗方法

/

2021-05-01

18

GB/T39039-2020

高強度鋼氫致延遲斷裂 評價方法

/

2021-02-01

19

GB/T13912-2020

金屬覆蓋層鋼鐵製件熱 GB/T13912-2002 2021-05-01 浸鍍鋅層技術要求

20

GB/T11376-2020

金屬及其他無機覆蓋層 GB/T11376-1997 2021-05-01 金屬的磷化膜

21

GB/T38807-2020

超級奧氏體不銹鋼通用 技術要求

/

2021-01-01

22

GB/T39033-2020

奧氏體鐵素體型雙相不 銹鋼盤條

/

2021-02-01

不銹鋼和耐熱鋼件熱處 理

圖 2050》報告，預測到 2021 年、2030 年和 2050 年，中國風電裝機容量將分 別達到 25萬MW、40萬MW 和 100萬 MW，2050 年風電將滿足 17% 的電力 需求，成為中國的五大電源之一。由於 扣件是風力發電環節必不可少的一部 分，而全球及中國的風電裝機規模存 在較大的增長空間，從而為中國扣件 製造行業提供廣闊的市場。 國家產業政策的支持為扣件行業 提供良好的政策環境。近年來，國家 陸續出臺諸多產業政策及相關規定， 對風電行業發展規模和速度、運營管 理、技術標準等各方面進行規範、引導 與控制，未來中國風電行業發展空間 依然廣闊。高強度扣件製造業作為高 端裝備製造業的基礎產業，是戰略性 新興產業的重要環節。國家對風電行 業的重視，為扣件行業的發展提供了 有力的政策支持。產品結構加快轉變， 大力發展高性能、高附加值、高強度產 品，新能源扣件產品要占產品總量的 10%左右。預計2021年可達產量可達 900～950萬噸，同比增長2%～5%。

3、依託科技創新積極拓展 海內外市場 新的一年，仍需緊緊扭住供給側 結構性改革這條主線，注重需求側管 理，持續激發市場活力，充分挖掘市場 潛力，形成需求牽引供給、供給創造 需求的動態平衡。依託科技創新，推 進資訊、技術與標準相結合，發揮企業 自主創新優勢，重視ISO扣件標準化工 作，密切關注、跟蹤國際扣件標準化工 作的發展方向、動態和趨勢，實現扣件 標準化工作與國際標準的發展同步。 推行採納ISO標準，對提升國家扣件標 準的技術水準和國際接軌都是十分重 要的、必要的，亦是一項基本國策。大 力貫徹新標準（與扣件有關的檢測和 生產國家標準目錄見表1）、發展資訊 技術和高新技術應用，研製一批人機 對話新型冷成型機和自動線上檢測設 備，大力推進綠色環保電鍍新技術，大 力推進非調質鋼新材料應用。扣件行 業重點研究節能減排和環保新技術， 推進全行業低碳經濟發展，推進節能 減排，加強三廢治理和綜合利用，通過 行業的努力，必將使中國扣件產業始 終保持適度地發展，仍將屹立於世界 之林。

039

China Fastener World no.62/2021

2021年中國扣件步入新發展階段即穩健發展時期，增速趨緩， 保持在2%～5%。產品結構有較大的提升，加快高強度、非標 異型件、機械零件的開發。 ▼

巴西新聞 巴西汽車生產下滑32% 原先預期在2020年可以達到超過300萬輛的生產，實際上， 巴西在2020年底是全球前20大汽車生產國之中生產量下滑幅度 第三嚴重的國家。在2015-2016 年經濟衰退後，巴西的經濟復甦 接著出現並持續了3年。不幸的是，新冠疫情後來出現。不過疫情 影響的並不只有巴西。分析巴西汽車產業概況，這也是扣件生產 最主要的催化劑之一，巴西曾經在2019年有更好的經濟表現。在 2019年期間，巴西的汽車產量達到2,984,988輛，比2018年增加 2.2%。以百分比來看的話，其表現是前 20 大汽車生產國中最佳 的，其他17國在2019年的汽車產量也都分別超過100萬輛。 對巴西人來說，所有的層面最終定會打破 300萬輛的障礙， 甚至接近打破 2014 年的紀錄(該年度的車輛生產來到3,146,386 輛 )。去年中國(前 20 大排名第一位) 汽車生產也出現下滑，但只 有萎縮 2%至25,225,242 輛，而伊朗(前18大生產國)則出現最高 的成長率7%，達到880,997輛。不過，巴西(前 9大生產國)則出現 32%的萎縮，是表現最差的其中一個。另外，印尼也有46%的下 滑，來到691,286輛。在筆者撰寫此文的當下，巴西在地的汽車生 產在2021年第一季達到597,700輛，比2020年第一季(585,900輛) 增加1.99%，但比2019 年第一季 (697,800 輛 )下滑13.35%，也比 2018年第一季(700,200輛)下滑14.64%。

全球汽車生產-前20大 2019

2020

1° 中國

25,720,665

25,225,242

-2.00%

2° 美國

10,880,019

8,822,399

-19.00%

3° 日本

9,684,298

8,067,557

-17.00%

4° 德國

4,661,328

3,742,454

-24.00%

5° 印度

4,516,017

3,394,446

-25.00%

6° 南韓

3,950,617

3,506,774

-11.00%

7° 墨西哥

3,986,794

3,176,600

-21.00%

8° 西班牙

2,822,355

2,268,185

-20.00%

9° 巴西

2,944,988

2,014,055

-32.00%

10° 俄羅斯

1,719,784

1,435,335

-17.00%

11° 泰國

2,013,710

1,427,074

-29.00%

12° 加拿大

1,916,585

1,376,623

-28.00%

13° 法國

2,202,460

1,316,371

-39.00%

14° 土耳其

-11.00%

國家

1,461,244

1,297,878

15° 捷克

1,433,963

1,159,151

-19.00%

16° 英國

1,381,405

987,044

-29.00%

17° 斯洛伐克

1,100,000

985,000

-11.00%

821,060

880,997

7.00%

915,305

777,165

-15.00%

1,286,848

691,286

-46.00%

18° 伊朗

Inox-Par平均成長11%並積極找尋巴西 境外合作夥伴

China Fastener World no.62/2021

成立超過 35年，該公司已經成為不鏽鋼扣件的專家。在葡 萄牙語中，不鏽鋼叫做「aço inoxidável」，不過也很常聽到巴西 人把兩字簡化為「inox」。一般來說，當人們提到扣件時，常聽 到巴西人使用「parafuso」這個字。

Eduardo Lopes 攝於Inox-Par門口

040

變化

19° 義大利 20° 印尼

資料來源: www.oica.net / www.anfavea.com.br

把這兩個單字 整合起 來，就成了 19 8 6 年成立的 Inox-Par Industry and Commerce Ltd.。目前，Inox-Par 公司聘用了超過 70名正職員工和30名非正職員工。其廠 房據點(包括生產和倉儲區)總共超過 5,000m2，坐落於 距離巴西聖保羅國際機場10分鐘車程的地方。

Inox-Par共同創辦人和商業營運長Eduardo Lopes 表示該公司處理很多業務，營業模式為扣件製造進口 商，主要是不鏽鋼類。Inox-Par的主管們時常參加全球 許多重要扣件展會，藉此尋找良好的供應商來強化其 在巴西各種產業市場 ( 主要是能源、窗框、食飲品和藥 品)的扣件經銷。尤其是太陽能目前已經在 Inox-Par 的 所有業務佔比中佔了35%以上。 Lopes 表示: 「從去年 起我們平均成長了11%。不過，因為Inox-Par仍然持續進 步，我們可能也會考慮跟亞洲、歐洲或北美的一些國際 性企業形成聯盟來強化運作和表現，不只有在巴西，還 有在南美鄰國也是。」

巴西新聞 巴西2020和2021第一季扣件進出口分析 總結2020年巴西扣件貿易 2020年巴西的扣件進出口額為6.36 億美金，進出口量為130,989.11噸。這比2019年的8.15億美金進出口額少了22.01%， 比2019 年的153,499.58 噸進出口量少了14.67%。在疫情的背景下，巴西扣件的進出口下跌不令人意外。另一個意料之內的 事實是巴西的扣件進口大於出口。2020 年巴西的扣件進口額為4.99 億美金，佔巴西扣件總進出貿易額的78.50%，進口量為 104,052.1噸，佔79.43%。2019年巴西的扣件進口額為6.21億美金，佔巴西扣件總進出貿易額的76.22%，進口額為123,923噸， 佔80.74%。2020年巴西的扣件出口額為1.36億美金，佔巴西扣件總進出貿易額的21.50%，出口量為26,937.01噸，佔20.57%。 2019年巴西的扣件出口額為1.93億美金，佔巴西扣件總進出貿易額的23.78%，出口量為29,576.18噸，佔23.86%。

2020 2019

金額 (百萬美金) 量(噸) 金額 (百萬美金) 量(噸)

出口

出口佔比

136.86

21.50%

499.27

78.50%

636.13

26,937.01

20.57%

104,052.10

79.43%

130,989.11

193.93

23.78%

621.65

76.22%

815.58

29,576.18

19.26%

123,923.40

80.74%

153,499.58

其中一個數據來源― ―巴西國際貿服 與工業部 ― ― 並無提供以國別為區分的進 出口量數據。去年，中國依舊是最大扣件進 口來源，佔巴西扣件進口額的 25%(1.27億美 金)，其次是美國佔16%(7,750萬美金)、日本 佔10%(5,190萬美金)、德國佔10%(5,160萬美 金)、台灣佔5.6%(2,770萬美金)。 巴西的五大扣件出口夥伴包括美國佔了 36%(4,990萬美金)、阿根廷佔17%(2,370萬 美金)、巴拉圭佔11%(1,100萬美金)、法國佔 4.5%(621萬美金)、德國佔3.5%(476萬美金)。 在每公斤平均單價方面，巴西在 2020 年 的扣件出口價格為5.08美金(2019年為6.55美 金)，高於2020年的進口價4.79美金(2019年為 5.01美金)。

進口

進口佔比

出口+進口

巴西前五大扣件貿易夥伴 (單位：百萬美金) 2020年出口夥伴 1. 美國：

佔比

49.30

2020年進口來源

佔比 25%

36%

1. 中國： 127.00

2. 阿根廷： 23.70

17%

2. 美國： 77.50

16%

3. 巴拉圭： 11.00

8.0%

3. 日本： 51.90

10%

4. 法國：

6.21

4.5%

4. 德國： 51.60

10%

5. 德國：

4.76

3.5%

5. 台灣： 27.70

5.6%

出口總額：136.86

---

進口總額：499.27

---

2019年出口夥伴

佔比

2019年進口來源

佔比

1. 中國： 130.00

21%

1. 美國：

79.70

41%

2. 阿根廷： 22.60

12%

2. 美國： 95.50

15%

3. 巴拉圭： 13.00

6.7%

3. 德國： 72.90

12%

4. 法國：

7.86

4.1%

4. 日本： 72.00

12%

5. 德國：

6.07

3.1%

5. 台灣： 33.40

5.4%

---

出口總額：193.93

進口總額：621.65

---

來源：www.mdic.gov.br

巴西貨幣的貶值可能是導致出口量增加但營收下滑的主因。 不過進口也出現增加。2021年第一個月，巴西扣件進口值達到 5,227萬美元，進口量達到12,293.09噸。二月，進口值達到5,431 萬美元或12,638.75噸。三月的進口值達到1.2128 億美元，進口 量達到25,624.64 噸。2021第一季總進口值達到2.2786 億美元 (比 2020 年同期的1.4814 億美元高出53.81%)，進口量則達到 50,556.48 噸(比去年同期的31,467.34 噸進口量高出60.66%)。 2021年一月的巴西扣件出口值為874萬美元，出口量達2,258.77 噸；二月份的扣件出口值為919萬美元，出口量為2,202.12噸；三 月的扣件出口值為440萬美元，出口量為1,491.42 噸。2021年第 一季的總出口值達到3,107 萬美元(比2020 年第一季的3,254萬 美元低4.5%)，另外總出口量為8,211.08噸 (比2020 年第一季的 5,267.47出口量高出56%)，主要都是導因於巴西里拉的貶值。

進口

進口值(百萬美元)

進口量(噸)

2020第一季

148.14

31,467.34

2021第一季

227.86

50,556.48

變化

53.81%

60.66%

出口

出口值(百萬美元)

出口量(噸)

2020第一季

32.54

5,267.47

2021第二季

31.07

8,211.08

變化

-4.7%

55.88%

041

China Fastener World no.62/2021

2021第一季現況

巴西新聞

Belenus 工廠 (位於巴西維涅杜鎮)

Belenus成為巴西最大扣件製造商 在2020年購得數台機械後大幅增加產能

Sergio Lucas與João Marcos Lucas (Belenus 主管)

成立於2002 年、由商人João Marcos Lucas 執掌的 Belenus Ltd公司在 2020 年購得數台二手機械後大幅增 加了公司產能，這些機械包括13台來自Sacma 和5台來自 National Machinery公司的冷成形機，可用來生產M6到 M20的扣件。該公司有1,400名員工，月產能提升到8,000 噸，提升了2,000 噸，可生產標準與特殊螺絲、螺栓、螺 帽，讓該公司成為巴西第一大扣件製造商。Belenus 也 有個大型貿易部門，專對建築業經銷超過1.5萬種品項， 以及其他產品包括五金、工具、各式零件和設備，其中還 包括提供自家的品牌產品，例如BelEnergy (光電產品)、 BelFit (油壓管、端子)、BelLift (貨物裝卸用的產品) 、 Beltools (工具與五金)。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Walsywa公司: 進攻太陽能市場

Walsywa 董事長 João Pedro Schrott

Walsywa成立於1964 年，是供應土木建築用扣件產品的領導廠商。太陽能 是新崛起且有發展潛力的事業，藉由新增太陽能捕捉系統專用產品，該公司的產 品自2020下半年起不斷擴張。它的太陽能系列產品包括不鏽鋼製且完全鈍化的 端子夾、平墊圈與橡膠墊圈、法蘭六角螺帽、螺絲、牙條、錨栓和特殊用途的扣 件。董事長說：「新興的太陽能 系統產業比以往更需要最佳的 扣件產品，Walsywa在這方面已 有超過半世紀的專業知識。我 們是生產土木建築用扣件，所 以打算在此市場中做出區隔。 我們有訓練有素的團隊，在巴西 大多數區域提供最佳的服務和 24 小時有效率的物流供應。此 外，我們有自己的產品研發實驗 室，符合嚴格的要求。」

巴西扣件雜誌<Revista do Parafuso>主編Sergio Milatias提供 milatias@revistadoparafuso.com.br www.revistadoparafuso.com

042

產業報導

2020全球

汽車產銷

統計 文/ 惠達副總編輯 張剛豪

本文將 針對2020 年全球汽車 產銷數據進行分析，並進一步觀察 各國在乘用車、商用車、重型貨卡、 公車巴士產銷數據，藉此讓讀者了 解各國最新的汽車產銷變化趨勢。

生產 (所有車種) 依據國際汽車製造商協會(OICA)最新公布數據顯示(表一)，2020年全球汽車 總產量達到77,621,582輛，較2019年的92,175,805輛，大幅萎縮15.8%。以洲別來 看，2020年歐洲(含英國)產出近1,700萬輛，前年比下滑21.6%；美洲產出近1,600萬輛， 前年比下滑22.1%；亞洲產出4,400多萬輛，前年比下滑10.2%；俄羅斯/土耳其/中亞產 出300多萬輛，前年比下滑11.7%；非洲產出70多萬輛，前年比下滑35.3%。 五大區域的產量皆萎縮，下滑幅度以非洲-35.3%最明顯，亞洲-10.2%最不明顯。 全球生產仍集中於亞洲、歐洲和美洲地區，且有五成以上的汽車都在亞洲生產 (光是中國就佔了2,500萬輛以上)。這三大生產重鎮中，歐洲前3大生產國為德國、 西班牙、法國; 美洲前3大為美國、墨西哥、巴西；亞洲前3大為中國、日本、韓國。若再 細分以國別來看，除了烏茲別克、哈薩克、白羅斯、伊朗和埃及仍維持成長外，其餘都 出現萎縮。

生產 (乘用車) (表二) 2020年全球乘用車生產達到55,834,456輛，較2019年下滑16.9%。乘用車約佔全 球所有車種產出的72%，且高度集中於歐亞地區(約佔全球乘用車生產的90%以 上)。值得注意的是，美洲雖然也是全球三大造車重鎮之一，但其乘用車生產比例 僅占其總產量的30%左右，佔比偏低。另外，各洲乘用車前三大生產國大致上與所有 車種的前三大生產國相同。

生產 (輕型商用車) (表三) 全球輕型商用車2020年的產量約為1,720萬輛，較前一年減少16.1%。輕型商用 車約佔全球總產量的22%，且有將近87%的比例集中在美洲和亞洲。尤其是美洲 就佔了1,000萬輛以上(主要在美墨加)，美洲地區有超過65%的車輛生產都是輕型商 用車，與歐洲有超過86%都是乘用車生產的情況大相逕庭。在這個類別中，歐洲前三 大生產國為西班牙、法國、義大利；美洲前三大為美國、墨西哥、加拿大；亞洲前三大 為中國、泰國、日本。

043

China Fastener World no.62/2021

2020年全球各大產業可說是在 一片愁雲慘霧中步入尾聲，而作為 足以 影響 全球相關製造 鏈供 需的 各國汽車產業來說，同樣也在一連 串階段性工廠停工、零件缺料和製 造成本高漲的新聞報導中正式邁入 2021年。尤其是這一兩年來汽車產 業已經逐步從傳統燃油和油電驅動 的階段開始轉型純電驅動，各大車 廠也開始積極投入電動車研發，車 輛的設計結構在未來幾年內將出現 巨大變革，預料也會對傳統汽車扣 件和 相關零 組件 供 應鏈 產生 劇烈 衝擊。不過現階段來看，由於純電 車技術尚未完全成熟，周邊配套未 臻完備，民眾對電動車的接受度尚 在建立期，短時間內(至少在未來5 年內)仍無法完全取代燃油車，因此 客觀來看，雖短期內數據有減少趨 勢，但隨傳統汽車製造業在疫後市 場重啟、車用晶片荒獲得解決以及 消費者需求快速回溫後，應仍有一 段發展榮景可期。

產業報導 表一. 2019-2020全球汽車生產 (輛)

China Fastener World no.62/2021

類型 所有車種

2019 全年

2020 全年

表二. 2019-2020全球乘用車生產 (輛) 前年比

歐洲(含英國) 21,579,464 16,921,311 -21.6% 德國(僅乘用車及輕型商用車) 4,947,316 3,742,454 -24.4% 西班牙 2,822,632 2,268,185 -19.6% 法國(僅乘用車和輕型商用車) 2,175,350 1,316,371 -39.5% 捷克 1,433,961 1,159,151 -19.2% 英國 1,381,405 987,044 -28.5% 斯洛伐克 1,107,902 985,000 -11.1% 義大利 915,291 777,165 -15.1% 波蘭 649,864 451,382 -30.5% 羅馬尼亞 490,412 438,107 -10.7% 匈牙利 498,158 406,497 -18.4% 比利時 285,797 267,460 -6.4% 葡萄牙 345,688 264,236 -23.6% 瑞典 279,000 249,000 -10.8% 斯洛維尼亞 199,114 141,714 -28.8% 荷蘭(僅乘用車) 176,113 127,058 -27.9% 奧地利 179,400 104,544 -41.7% 芬蘭(僅乘用車) 114,785 86,270 -24.8% 塞爾維亞 35,120 23,375 -33.4% 前獨立國協+土耳其 3,542,156 3,126,298 -11.7% 俄羅斯 1,720,116 1,435,335 -16.6% 土耳其 1,461,244 1,297,878 -11.2% 烏茲別克 271,113 280,080 3.3% 哈薩克 49,400 74,831 51.5% 白羅斯 30,494 31,273 2.6% 烏克蘭 7,266 4,952 -31.8% 亞塞拜然 2,523 1,949 -22.8% 美洲 20,148,849 15,690,215 -22.1% 北美自由貿易區 16,822,606 13,375,622 -20.5% 美國 10,892,884 8,822,399 -19.0% 墨西哥 4,013,137 3,176,600 -20.8% 加拿大 1,916,585 1,376,623 -28.2% 南美 3,326,243 2,314,593 -30.4% 巴西 2,944,988 2,014,055 -31.6% 阿根廷(僅乘用車和輕型商用車) 314,787 257,187 -18.3% 哥倫比亞 66,468 43,351 -34.8% 亞洲/大洋洲 49,333,841 44,289,900 -10.2% 中國 25,750,650 25,225,242 -2.0% 日本 9,684,507 8,067,557 -16.7% 南韓 3,950,614 3,506,774 -11.2% 印度 4,524,366 3,394,446 -25.0% 泰國 2,013,710 1,427,074 -29.1% 伊朗 821,060 880,997 7.3% 印尼 1,286,848 691,286 -46.3% 馬來西亞 571,632 485,186 -15.1% 台灣 251,304 245,615 -2.3% 越南 176,203 165,568 -6.0% 巴基斯坦 186,751 117,375 -37.1% 菲律賓 95,094 67,297 -29.2% 緬甸 15,496 10,753 -30.6% 澳大利亞 5,606 4,730 -15.6% 非洲 1,113,651 720,156 -35.3% 南非 631,921 447,218 -29.2% 摩洛哥 403,218 248,430 -38.4% 埃及 18,500 23,754 28.4% 阿爾及利亞 60,012 754 -98.7% 總計 92,175,805 77,621,582 -15.8% 乘用車: 奧迪、寶馬、JLR、賓士未公布數據 商用車: 自2015年第一季起，Scania、Daimler Trucks、Volvo Buses 即無公布數據

灰底為預估值

044

N/A: 無資料

2019 全年

類型 乘用車 歐洲(含英國) 德國 西班牙 捷克 斯洛伐克 法國 英國 義大利 羅馬尼亞 匈牙利 波蘭 瑞典 比利時 葡萄牙 斯洛維尼亞 荷蘭 奧地利 芬蘭 塞爾維亞 前獨立國協+土耳其 俄羅斯 土耳其 烏茲別克 哈薩克 白羅斯 烏克蘭 亞塞拜然 美洲 北美自由貿易區 美國 墨西哥 加拿大 南美 巴西 阿根廷 哥倫比亞 亞洲/大洋洲 澳大利亞 中國 日本 南韓 印度 伊朗 印尼 泰國 馬來西亞 台灣 越南 巴基斯坦 菲律賓 緬甸 非洲 南非 摩洛哥 埃及 阿爾及利亞 總計

2020 全年

18,724,208 14,545,985 -22.3% 4,663,749 3,515,372 -24.6% 2,248,291 1,800,664 -19.9% 1,427,563 1,152,901 -19.2% 1,107,902 985,000 -11.1% 1,665,787 927,718 -44.3% 1,303,135 920,928 -29.3% 542,472 451,826 -16.7% 490,412 438,107 -10.7% 498,158 406,497 -18.4% 434,700 278,900 -35.8% 279,000 249,000 -10.8% 247,020 237,057 -4.0% 282,142 211,281 -25.1% 199,114 141,714 -28.8% 176,113 127,058 -27.9% 158,400 104,544 -34.0% 114,785 86,270 -24.8% 34,985 23,272 -33.5% 2,850,480 2,487,876 -12.7% 1,523,607 1,260,517 -17.3% 982,642 855,043 -13.0% 271,113 280,080 3.3% 44,077 64,790 47.0% 20,427 21,295 4.2% 6,254 4,202 -32.8% 2,360 1,949 -17.4% 6,993,215 4,967,177 -29.0% 4,369,893 3,221,955 -26.3% 2,511,711 1,926,795 -23.3% 1,396,812 967,479 -30.7% 461,370 327,681 -29.0% 2,623,322 1,745,222 -33.5% 2,448,490 1,608,870 -34.3% 108,364 93,001 -14.2% 66,468 43,351 -34.8% 40,650,626 35,837,271 -11.8% 2017年底後產量無數據 21,389,833 19,994,081 -6.5% 8,329,130 6,960,025 -16.4% 3,612,587 3,211,706 -11.1% 3,629,008 2,851,268 -21.4% 770,000 826,210 7.3% 1,045,666 551,400 -47.3% 795,254 537,633 -32.4% 534,115 457,755 -14.3% 189,549 180,967 -4.5% 129,006 125,235 -2.9% 156,623 95,504 -39.0% 57,238 37,141 -35.1% 12,617 8,346 -33.9% 795,720 484,023 -39.2% 348,665 238,216 -31.7% 368,543 221,299 -40.0% 18,500 23,754 28.4% 60,012 754 -98.7% 67,163,769 55,834,456 -16.9%

奧迪、寶馬、JLR數據未公布

灰底為預估值

前年比

N/A : 無資料

產業報導 生產 (重型貨卡) (表四)

表三. 2019-2020全球輕型商用車生產 (輛)

生產(公車巴士) (表五) 2020年全球公車巴士的生產約為22萬輛，較2019年 同期數據大幅減少36.8%。該類別產量約佔全球所有車 種生產的不到0.3%，且有超過 70%的產量都來自亞洲。 以洲別來看，除了歐洲、俄羅斯土耳其中亞衰退幅度在 10%以內外，其餘美洲、亞洲和非洲分別有37.3%、41.3% 和25.4%的跌幅。前幾大生產國為中國、印度、巴西、俄羅 斯、南韓、土耳其、波蘭、捷克。

銷售 (所有車種) 2020 年全球汽車總銷量 達 到77,698,0 41輛，較 2019年的95,423,474輛，下滑14.1%，與同年生產的下 滑幅度差不多(圖1,表六)。以洲別來看，2020 年歐洲(含 英國)銷售約1,670萬輛，前年比下滑20.2%；美洲銷售近 2,000萬輛，前年比下滑19.6%；亞洲銷售超過4,000萬輛， 前年比下滑7.8%；俄羅斯/土耳其/其他歐洲銷售約260 萬輛，前年比逆勢增加5.1%;非洲銷售約90萬輛，前年比 下滑22.6%。 五大區域除了俄羅斯/土耳其/其他歐洲區域外，銷量 皆出現萎縮，萎縮幅度以非洲的-22.6%最明顯。全球銷 售仍集中於亞洲、美洲和歐洲，光是亞洲區域就佔了 全球總銷量的5成以上。這三大銷售重鎮中，歐洲前3大 銷售國為德國、法國、英國; 美洲前3大為美國、巴西、加 拿大；亞洲前3大為中國、日本和印度。與2019年相比，幾 乎所有國家地區的汽車銷售皆下滑，但仍有幾個國家不 減反增，這些國家地區為土耳其、波多黎各、南韓、台灣、 哈薩克和埃及。其中土耳其成長最多達到61.8%。 圖1

全球銷售-所有車輛

單位:輛

95,423,474

77,698,041

類型 輕型商用車 歐洲(含英國) 斯洛維尼亞 芬蘭 荷蘭 瑞典 匈牙利 西班牙 法國 義大利 德國 波蘭 英國 葡萄牙 塞爾維亞 奧地利 比利時 捷克 羅馬尼亞 斯洛伐克 前獨立國協+土耳其 土耳其 俄羅斯 烏克蘭 亞塞拜然 白羅斯 哈薩克 烏茲別克 美洲 北美自由貿易區 美國 墨西哥 加拿大 南美 哥倫比亞 巴西 阿根廷 亞洲/大洋洲 中國 泰國 日本 印度 南韓 印尼 台灣 伊朗 越南(所有商用車) 菲律賓 (所有商用車) 馬來西亞 巴基斯坦 緬甸 (所有商用車) 澳大利亞 非洲 阿爾及利亞 南非 摩洛哥 埃及 總計

2019 全年

2020 全年

2,524,281 N/A

2,109,940 N/A

-16.4%

430,616 388,653 277,067 227,082 166,445 51,244 49,855 93 0 0 0 0 0 518,885 409,646 109,188 51 0 0 0 0 10,227,545 9,767,515 6,660,593 2,072,699 1,034,223 460,030 N/A 295,844 164,186 4,656,131 2,151,347 889,441 697,423 384,017 229,040 84,767 57,362 43,778 40,333 30,156 27,431 18,629 2,407 0 212,822 N/A 185,691 27,131 0 17,206,438

-17.9% -23.7% -11.3% -19.9% -19.9% -10.8% -14.3% -26.2%

前年比

未公布 524,504 509,563 312,377 283,567 207,802 57,442 58,141 126 0 0 0 0 0 570,759 447,874 122,749 136 0 0 0 0 12,444,040 11,882,266 8,036,106 2,414,256 1,431,904 561,774 N/A 355,351 206,423 5,255,384 2,002,284 1,218,456 839,582 542,860 258,534 146,150 55,896 40,800 47,197 37,856 37,517 25,373 2,879 0 289,092 N/A 254,417 34,675 0 20,512,797

-9.1% -8.5% -11.0% -62.5%

-17.8% -17.8% -17.1% -14.1% -27.8% -18.1% -16.7% -20.5% -11.4% 7.4% -27.0% -16.9% -29.3% -11.4% -42.0% 2.6% 7.3% -14.5% -20.3% -26.9% -26.6% -16.4% -26.4% -27.0% -21.8% -16.1%

奧迪、寶馬、JLR數據未公布 灰底為預估值

N/A : 無資料

045

China Fastener World no.62/2021

全球重型貨卡的生產在 2020 年累計達到 430 多萬 輛，比2019年同期數據相比，成長約5.0%，也是所有生 產類別中唯一出現成長趨勢的。重型貨卡的生產約佔全 球所有車種生產的5.6%。不過以洲別來看，全球兩大主 要生產區域歐洲和美洲前年比其實是分別下滑21.5%和 30.0%，以產量看分別達到22.5萬輛和47.3萬輛。亞洲地 區生產則逆勢成長15.2%達到約364萬輛(中國的前年比成 長為34.2%)，不僅是帶動全球重型貨卡生產成長的主要 力量，也是全球最大生產重鎮(產量在全球佔比逾83%)。 前幾大生產國為：中國、日本、美國、墨西哥和印度。

產業報導 表四. 2019-2020全球重型貨卡生產 (輛) 2019 全年

China Fastener World no.62/2021

類型 重型貨卡 歐洲 斯洛維尼亞 芬蘭 法國 德國 荷蘭 瑞典 義大利 西班牙 比利時 英國 葡萄牙 捷克 塞爾維亞 奧地利 匈牙利 波蘭 羅馬尼亞 斯洛伐克 前獨立國協+土耳其 亞塞拜然 烏克蘭 俄羅斯 土耳其 白羅斯 哈薩克 烏茲別克 美洲 北美自由貿易區 美國 墨西哥 加拿大 南美 阿根廷 巴西 哥倫比亞 亞洲/大洋洲 菲律賓 泰國 越南 中國 日本 印度 南韓 印尼 伊朗 台灣 澳大利亞 巴基斯坦 馬來西亞 緬甸 非洲 阿爾及利亞 摩洛哥 南非 埃及 總計

2020 全年

287,129 N/A

表五. 2019-2020全球公車巴士生產 (輛)

前年比

225,470 N/A

-21.5%

47,937 36,905 30,070 13,931 3,039 1,180 10 0 0 0 0 0 92,398 N/A

-20.5% -25.9% -21.8% -26.2% -43.6% -0.1% 11.1%

52,279 23,250 8,629 8,240 0 473,980 383,044 235,011 133,314 14,719 90,936

-12.7% 22.3% -1.9% 94.0%

90,936 N/A 3,639,405 N/A N/A N/A 2,976,459 405,451 123,621 55,583 53,219 10,301 7,286 4,730 2,755 0 0 22,566 N/A N/A 22,567 0 4,361,421

-19.9%

未公布

60,294 49,837 38,434 18,883 5,389 1,181 9 21,000 0 0 0 0 92,102 163 未公布 59,891 19,003 8,798 4,247 0 677,275 563,799 345,067 195,421 23,311 113,476 未公布 113,476 N/A 3,160,164 N/A N/A N/A 2,217,847 506,541 254,165 64,758 91,757 9,600 5,859 5,606 4,031 0 0 27,840 N/A N/A 27,872 0 4,152,408

0.3%

-30.0% -32.1% -31.9% -31.8% -36.9% -19.9%

15.2%

34.2% -20.0% -51.4% -14.2% -42.0% 7.3% 24.4% -15.6% -31.7%

-18.9%

-19.0% 5.0%

類型 公車巴士 歐洲 奧地利 芬蘭 匈牙利 斯洛維尼亞 法國 德國 荷蘭 瑞典 波蘭 捷克 英國 義大利 比利時 葡萄牙 西班牙 羅馬尼亞 斯洛伐克 塞爾維亞 前獨立國協+土耳其 俄羅斯 土耳其 哈薩克 白羅斯 烏克蘭 亞塞拜然 烏茲別克 美洲 北美自由貿易區 加拿大 墨西哥 美國 南美 阿根廷 哥倫比亞 巴西 亞洲/大洋洲 馬來西亞 泰國 越南 中國 印度 南韓 日本 印尼 伊朗 巴基斯坦 澳大利亞 緬甸 菲律賓 台灣 非洲 阿爾及利亞 南非 埃及 摩洛哥 總計

046

N/A : 無資料

2020 全年

43,846 N/A N/A N/A N/A

39,916 N/A N/A N/A N/A

-9.0%

6,037 5,070 941 335 333 61 0 0 0 0 27,139 13,351 9,939 1,801 1,349 699 0 0 21,513 3,108 N/A 3,108 0 18,405

-18.0% -2.8% -51.6% 126.4% -2.9% 281.3%

灰底為預估值

前年比

未公布 7,362 5,217 1,945 148 343 16 0 0 0 0 28,815 13,869 11,725 1,076 1,269 876 0 0 34,319 6,648 N/A 6,648 0 27,671 未公布 N/A 27,671 267,667 N/A N/A N/A 140,686 98,333 14,735 9,254 3,275 660 724 0 0 0 0 999 N/A 999 0 0 346,831

N/A 18,405 157,093 N/A N/A N/A 103,355 35,540 10,445 4,658 1,900 708 487 0 0 0 0 745 N/A 745 0 0 219,267

奧迪、寶馬、JLR數據未公布

奧迪、寶馬、JLR,數據未公布 灰底為預估值

2019 全年

N/A : 無資料

-5.8% -3.7% -15.2% 67.4% 6.3% -20.2%

-37.3% -53.2% -53.2% -33.5%

-33.5% -41.3%

-26.5% -63.9% -29.1% -49.7% -42.0% 7.3% -32.7%

-25.4% -25.4%

-36.8%

產業報導 2020所有車種生產各區域佔比

2020全球乘用車生產各區域佔比

非洲 1% 前獨立國協 歐洲 +土耳其 (含英國) 21% 4% 亞洲/大洋洲 55%

美洲 19%

前獨立國協 +土耳其 4%

亞洲/大洋洲 61%

美洲 9%

表六.全球銷售(所有車種) (輛) 國家/地區 2019 2020 歐洲(含英國) 20,928,769 16,705,645 德國 4,017,059 3,268,222 法國 2,755,728 2,100,058 英國 2,736,918 1,964,772 義大利 2,132,630 1,564,670 西班牙 1,501,103 1,030,470 波蘭 656,258 510,153 比利時 644,074 504,110 荷蘭 538,739 430,211 瑞典 418,478 330,215 奧地利 371,934 301,723 瑞士 356,038 275,366 丹麥 264,244 233,248 其他國家地區 298,255 229,119 捷克 281,423 228,834 葡萄牙 267,827 176,992 挪威 178,830 160,563 匈牙利 190,084 153,968 羅馬尼亞 186,933 145,012 芬蘭 133,519 112,947 愛爾蘭 145,104 112,122 希臘 122,873 88,710 斯洛伐克 113,863 84,909 克羅埃西亞 73,862 44,082 保加利亞 44,977 29,663 俄羅斯、土耳其、其他歐洲 2,498,016 2,625,506 俄羅斯 1,778,901 1,631,163 土耳其 491,947 796,200 其他國家地區 124,626 99,157 烏克蘭 102,542 98,986

歐洲(含英國) 25%

(續表六) 前年比 -20.2% -18.6% -23.8% -28.2% -26.6% -31.4% -22.3% -21.7% -20.1% -21.1% -18.9% -22.7% -11.7% -23.2% -18.7% -33.9% -10.2% -19.0% -22.4% -15.4% -22.7% -27.8% -25.4% -40.3% -34.0% 5.1% -8.3% 61.8% -20.4% -3.5%

銷售(乘用車) (圖2,表七) 2020年全球乘用車銷售達到53,594,372 輛，較2019年 減少15.9%。乘用車約佔全球所有車種銷售近70%，且高 度集中在亞洲、歐洲和美洲地區(約佔全球乘用車銷售的 98%以上)。值得注意的是，雖然美洲也是全球三大銷售重 鎮之一，但其乘用車銷售比例僅占其總銷量的34%左右。另 外，各洲乘用車前三大銷售國大致上與所有車種銷售的前 三大銷售國一致。

國家/地區 美洲 北美自由貿易區 美國 加拿大 墨西哥 中南美洲 巴西 阿根廷 智利 其他國家地區 祕魯 哥倫比亞 波多黎各 厄瓜多 亞洲/大洋洲/中東 東盟 中國 日本 印度 南韓 澳大利亞 泰國 印尼 馬來西亞 沙烏地阿拉伯 其他國家地區 越南 菲律賓 台灣 以色列 烏茲別克 阿聯酋 巴基斯坦 紐西蘭 哈薩克 科威特 非洲 南非 埃及 其他國家區域 摩洛哥 所有國家區域

2019 24,831,503 20,333,977 17,037,088 1,937,218 1,359,671 4,497,526 2,787,850 408,826 348,575 326,952 155,507 248,689 101,930 119,197 43,483,277 3,470,608 25,796,931 5,195,216 3,816,858 1,795,134 1,062,867 1,007,552 1,030,486 604,287 533,904 522,664 277,019 410,406 204,493 268,220 197,103 232,305 187,714 149,293 78,192 112,633 1,179,925 536,611 170,568 306,830 165,916 90,423,474

2020 19,972,273 16,683,652 14,452,892 1,527,580 703,180 3,288,621 2,058,437 333,845 258,835 240,186 108,999 106,645 103,487 78,187 40,107,260 2,456,051 25,311,069 4,598,611 2,938,653 1,905,972 916,968 792,146 532,077 529,434 452,544 390,558 261,538 244,178 226,870 226,117 195,000 158,711 124,429 115,435 101,663 85,287 912,863 377,932 219,732 181,891 133,308 77,698,041

前年比 -19.6% -18.0% -15.2% -21.1% -48.3% -26.9% -26.2% -18.3% -25.7% -26.5% -29.9% -57.1% 1.5% -34.4% -7.8% -29.2% -1.9% -11.5% -23.0% 6.2% -13.7% -21.4% -48.4% -12.4% -15.2% -25.3% -5.6% -40.5% 10.9% -15.7% -1.1% -31.7% -33.7% -22.7% 30.0% -24.3% -22.6% -29.6% 28.8% -40.7% -19.7% -14.1%

047

China Fastener World no.62/2021

圓餅圖顯示全球各 洲在所有車種及各 類車種的佔比:

非洲 1%

產業報導 2020全球重型貨卡生產各區域佔比

2020全球輕型商用車生產各區域佔比

非洲 歐 洲 ( 含英國) 0% 5% 前獨立國協+ 土耳其 2% 美洲 11%

非洲 歐洲(含英國) 1% 12% 前獨立國協 +土耳其 亞洲/大洋洲 3% 26%

亞洲/大洋洲 82%

048

China Fastener World no.62/2021

非洲 0%

歐洲(含英國) 16% 前獨立國協 +土耳其 11%

亞洲/大洋洲 64%

美洲 58%

表七. 全球銷售(乘用車) (輛) 國家/地區 2019 2020 歐洲(含英國) 17,950,670 14,165,975 德國 3,607,258 2,917,678 法國 2,214,280 1,650,126 英國 2,311,140 1,631,064 義大利 1,916,949 1,381,496 西班牙 1,258,249 851,213 波蘭 555,598 428,347 比利時 550,008 424,492 荷蘭 446,057 357,996 瑞典 356,036 292,024 奧地利 320,381 257,721 瑞士 311,466 236,828 捷克 249,915 202,971 丹麥 225,581 198,130 其他國家區域 251,246 195,986 葡萄牙 223,799 145,417 匈牙利 157,900 128,021 羅馬尼亞 161,562 126,351 挪威 133,964 124,424 芬蘭 114,202 96,392 愛爾蘭 117,109 88,324 希臘 114,109 80,977 斯洛伐克 101,568 76,305 克羅埃西亞 62,977 36,057 保加利亞 35,371 22,368 俄羅斯、土耳其、其他歐洲 2,153,945 2,215,267 俄羅斯 1,567,809 1,433,956 土耳其 387,256 610,109 其他國家地區 110,443 85,752 烏克蘭 88,437 85,450 美洲 9,543,309 6,770,118 北美自由貿易區 5,978,276 4,248,211 美國 4,719,710 3,401,838 墨西哥 761,720 527,623 加拿大 496,846 318,750 中南美洲 3,565,033 2,521,907 巴西 2,262,069 1,615,942 阿根廷 282,299 223,438 智利 260,683 194,128 其他國家地區 243,981 175,842 哥倫比亞 220,581 85,282 波多黎各 82,607 84,033 祕魯 115,241 81,496 厄瓜多 97,572 61,746

2020全球公車巴士生產各區域佔比

美洲 9%

(續表七) 前年比 -21.1% -19.1% -25.5% -29.4% -27.9% -32.3% -22.9% -22.8% -19.7% -18.0% -19.6% -24.0% -18.8% -12.2% -22.0% -35.0% -18.9% -21.8% -7.1% -15.6% -24.6% -29.0% -24.9% -42.7% -36.8% 2.8% -8.5% 57.5% -22.4% -3.4% -29.1% -28.9% -27.9% -30.7% -35.8% -29.3% -28.6% -20.9% -25.5% -27.9% -61.3% 1.7% -29.3% -36.7%

國家/地區 亞洲/大洋洲/中東

2020

前年比

35,361,400 32,000,881 2,391,756

東盟

1,649,177

-9.5% -31.0%

21,472,092 20,177,731

中國

-6.0%

日本

4,301,091

3,809,977

-11.4%

印度

2,962,115

2,433,464

-17.8%

南韓

1,497,035

1,618,333

8.1%

澳大利亞

799,263

676,804

-15.3%

馬來西亞

550,182

480,965

-12.6%

印尼

785,539

388,925

-50.5%

沙烏地阿拉伯

460,373

387,709

-15.8%

泰國

468,638

343,494

-26.7%

其他國家地區

389,391

285,821

-26.6%

越南

229,539

215,908

-5.9%

以色列

239,671

202,366

-15.6% 20.0% -40.5%

台灣

159,492

191,337

菲律賓 烏茲別克

258,555 147,827

153,833 146,250

阿聯酋

198,520

129,901

-34.6%

巴基斯坦

162,689 77,324

104,387 100,595

-35.8% 30.1%

103,610

80,433

-22.4%

哈薩克(含輕重型商用車) 紐西蘭

-1.1%

科威特

98,454

72,648

-26.2%

非洲

872,553

657,398

-24.7% -30.3%

南非

355,378

247,571

埃及

127,443

167,792

31.7%

其他國家地區

241,378

124,989

-48.2%

148,354

117,046

-21.1%

63,727,932 53,594,372

-15.9%

摩洛哥 所有國家區域

圖2

2019

全球銷售-乘用車

單位:輛

63,727,932

53,594,372

產業報導 表八. 全球銷售(商用車) (輛) 2,019 2,020 2,978,099 2,539,670 541,448 449,932 409,801 350,544 425,778 333,708 215,681 183,174 242,854 179,257 100,660 81,806 94,066 79,618 92,682 72,215 51,553 44,002 44,572 38,538 62,442 38,191 44,866 36,139 38,663 35,118 47,009 33,133 44,028 31,575 32,184 25,947 31,508 25,863 27,995 23,798 25,371 18,661 19,317 16,555 12,295 8,604 10,885 8,025 8,764 7,733 9,606 7,295 344,071 410,239 211,092 197,207 104,691 186,091 14,105 13,536 14,183 13,405

前年比 -14.7% -16.9% -14.5% -21.6% -15.1% -26.2% -18.7% -15.4% -22.1% -14.6% -13.5% -38.8% -19.5% -9.2% -29.5% -28.3% -19.4% -17.9% -15.0% -26.4% -14.3% -30.0% -26.3% -11.8% -24.1% 19.2% -6.6% 77.8% -4.0% -5.5%

銷售(商用車) (圖3,表八) 全球商用車2020 年的銷量約為2,400萬輛，較前一年減少 9.7%。商用車約佔全球總銷量30%，且有將近88%的比例集中 在美洲和亞洲。尤其是美洲就佔了1,000萬輛以上(主要在美加 墨)，美洲地區有超過66%的車輛銷售都是商用車，而歐洲則是 有超過85%的銷售都是乘用車。在這個類別中，歐洲前三大銷售 國為法國、德國和英國；美洲前三大為美國、加拿大、巴西;亞洲 前三大為中國、日本、印度。

結語＞＞ 2020年我們看到不管是銷售和生產，全球市場大概呈現了 15-30%的萎縮態勢，但是仍有近8,000萬輛的水準，顯示全球車 市運作縱使受到嚴重影響，仍存在一定的產能和需求強度。不過 想要恢復到2019年的產銷水準，目前仍要看眾多外部市場影響 因素( 疫苗施打進度、各國邊界是否重啟、供應鏈運作、消費者 需求)的後續變化，短期內可能有難度。若以銷售數據來預測未 來車市潛在動能，除了主要車輛銷售市場(包括中日印韓、美 加墨巴和西歐)動能恆強外，我們還注意到土耳其市場，不僅 市場有一定規模，其在銷量成長幅度也有相當令人刮目相看 的表現，算是萬綠叢中一點紅的車市亮點。惟近期國際車市產 線面臨相關料件和晶片短缺的困境仍待解決，各國政府應加速 討論因應對策協助業者妥善解決，否則不僅影響的是個別車廠 的運作，與車廠息息相關的週邊產業也可能連帶遭殃。

國家/地區 美洲 北美自由貿易區 美國 加拿大 墨西哥 中南美洲 巴西 阿根廷 智利 其他國家地區 祕魯 哥倫比亞 波多黎各 厄瓜多 亞洲/大洋洲/中東 東盟 中國 日本 印度 泰國 南韓 澳大利亞 印尼 其他國家地區 菲律賓 紐西蘭 阿聯酋 以色列 巴基斯坦 科威特 哈薩克(僅巴士公車) 非洲 南非 其他國家地區 埃及 摩洛哥 所有國家區域

圖3

2,019 15,288,194 14,355,701 12,317,378 1,440,372 597,951 932,493 525,781 126,527 87,892 82,971 40,266 28,108 19,323 21,625 8,121,877 1,078,852 4,324,839 894,125 854,743 538,914 298,099 263,604 244,947 133,273 151,851 45,683 33,785 28,549 25,025 14,179 868 307,372 181,233 65,452 43,125 17,562 26,695,542

2,020 13,202,155 12,435,441 11,051,054 1,208,830 175,557 766,714 442,495 110,407 64,707 64,344 27,503 21,363 19,454 16,441 8,106,379 806,874 5,133,338 788,634 505,189 448,652 287,639 240,164 143,152 104,737 90,345 35,002 28,810 23,751 20,042 12,639 1,068 255,465 130,361 56,902 51,940 16,262 24,103,669

全球銷售-商用車

前年比 -13.6% -13.4% -10.3% -16.1% -70.6% -17.8% -15.8% -12.7% -26.4% -22.5% -31.7% -24.0% 0.7% -24.0% -0.2% -25.2% 18.7% -11.8% -40.9% -16.7% -3.5% -8.9% -41.6% -21.4% -40.5% -23.4% -14.7% -16.8% -19.9% -10.9% 23.0% -16.9% -28.1% -13.1% 20.4% -7.4% -9.7%

單位:輛

26,695,542 24,103,669

China Fastener World no.62/2021

國家/地區 歐洲(含英國) 法國 德國 英國 義大利 西班牙 波蘭 比利時 荷蘭 奧地利 瑞士 瑞典 挪威 丹麥 其他國家區域 葡萄牙 匈牙利 捷克 愛爾蘭 羅馬尼亞 芬蘭 斯洛伐克 克羅埃西亞 希臘 保加利亞 俄羅斯、土耳其、其他歐洲 俄羅斯 土耳其 烏克蘭 其他國家地區

(續表八)

049

產業報導

2021年 中國汽車扣件市場 前景廣闊 文/ 馮琴、張先鳴

從扣件產品下游需求行業來看，全球扣件主要用於汽車工業、電子工業和建築及維修工業。 其中，汽車工業是最大的用戶，需求量約占扣件總銷量的23.2%;其次是維修工業市場和建築工業， 約占扣件總銷量的20%；三是電子工業，約占扣件總銷量的16.6%。受益於工業基本盤壯大和技術提 升，2020年全國規模工業納入統計的產品，近六成增產，受益于企業成本控制能力提高和供給側 改革深入推進，收入漲、成本降。

一、2020年中國汽車市場現狀 ① 乘用車持續下滑而商用車逆勢增長 2020年，乘用車產銷分別完成1,999.4萬輛和2,017.8萬輛，同比分別下降6.5%和6%，降 幅比2019年分別收窄2.7和3.6 個百分點;乘用車產銷占汽車產銷比重達到79.3%和79.7%， 分別低於2019年產銷量比重3.7和3.5個百分點。乘用車四類車型產銷情況看：轎車產銷同 比分別下降10%和9.9%;SUV產銷同比分別增長0.1%和0.7%，SUV年度產銷規模首次超 過轎車;MPV產銷同比分別下降26.8%和23.8%;交叉型乘用車產銷同比分別下降1.7%和 2.9%。 2020 年，受汽車以及基建投資等因素的拉動，商用車全年產銷呈現大幅增長。 2020年商用車產銷分別完成523.1萬輛和513.3萬輛，首超500萬輛，創歷史新高，商用 車產銷同比分別增長20.0%和18.7%，產量增幅比上年提高18.1個百分點，銷量增速比 上年實現了由負轉正。 分車型產銷情況看，貨車是支撐商用車增長的主要車型，貨車產銷分別完成 477.8萬輛和468.5萬輛，同比分別增長22.9%和21.7%;客車產銷分別完成45.3萬輛 和44.8萬輛，同比分別下降4.2%和5.6%。

② 新能源汽車年度產銷創歷史新高

China Fastener World no.62/2021

由於多年來對新能源汽車整個產業鏈的培育，各個環節逐步成熟，豐富 和多元化的新能源汽車產品不斷滿足市場需求，使用環境也在逐步優化和改 進，在這些措施之下，新能源汽車越來越受到消費者的認可。2020年，新能源 汽車產銷分別完成136.6萬輛和136.7萬輛，同比分別增長7.5%和10.9%，增 速較上年實現了由負轉正。 其中純電動汽車產銷分別完成110.5萬輛和111.5萬輛，同比分別增長 5.4%和11.6%;插電式混合動力汽車產銷分別完成26萬輛和25.1萬輛，同 比分別增長18.5%和8.4%;燃料電池汽車產銷均完成0.1萬輛，同比分別 下降57.5%和56.8%。根據汽車工業協會資料，2020年中國新能源汽車 銷量占總汽車銷量的5.4%，較2019年的4.7%上漲7個百分點，新能源汽 車的滲透率增長穩步增加。

③ 汽車年度出口同比下降 2020年，受海外疫情影響，汽車出口呈現下降。全年汽車企業 出口99.5萬輛，同比下降2.9%。分車型看，乘用車出口76.0萬輛， 同比增長4.8%;商用車出口23.5萬輛，同比下降21.4%。

050

產業報導 ④ 中國品牌乘用車年度市場份額下降 根據汽車工業協會資料，中國品牌乘用車市場份額自2017年後持續下 降，到2020年下降至38.1%。2019年降幅為2.9%，2020年降幅為1.1%，下降幅 度有所收窄。在中國的汽車市場中，2020年除日系品牌和美系品牌車的市場份 額上升外，中國品牌、德系品牌、韓系品牌和法系品牌均出現一定程度的下滑。 從發展態勢來看，未來日系品牌車有望超過德系品牌成為中國汽車行業的第二 品牌系列。

⑤ 前十企業集團市場集中度下降 2020 年，汽車銷量排名前十位的企業集團銷量合計為2,264.4萬輛，同比下降 2.3%，占汽車銷售總量的89.5%，低於上年同期0.4個百分點。 在汽車行業前十位企業集團中，上汽仍然是第一大集團，2020年全年實現車輛銷 售553.4萬輛，較2019年下降11.5%;在前十家汽車集團中，一汽、長安、長城和華晨均出 現上漲的態勢，而其他集團的銷量則下滑。

二、2021年中國汽車扣件市場空間大 亮點1： 扣件市場空間巨大 2021年1月，中國汽車市場開局良好，新車、二手車、報廢機動車回收等主要指標同比均 實現較大幅度增長。當月汽車產銷同比增長三成左右。全國汽車產銷量分別為238.8萬輛和 250.3萬輛，同比增長34.6%和29.5%。其中，新能源汽車產銷表現尤為突出。產銷量分別為19.4 萬輛和17.9萬輛，同比增長2.9倍和2.4倍。整體來說，汽車產銷規模較為穩定；汽車市場迎來開 門紅，各項主要指標大幅增長。 在汽車工業市場上，汽車專用扣件幾乎可以被應用在每一個子系統上，例如：發動機、車輪懸 掛系統、底盤系統、安全氣囊、自動防抱死煞車系統等。

2020年，突如其來的新冠肺炎疫情為汽車行業按下了“暫停鍵＂ ，在巨大的衝擊下，全行業同舟 共濟，不畏艱難，扎實推進復工復產，加快轉變行銷方式，積極促進汽車消費，汽車市場逐步復甦， 全年產銷增速穩中略降，基本消除了疫情的影響，汽車行業總體表現出了強大的發展韌性和內生動 力。全年汽車產銷分別完成2,522萬輛和2,531萬輛，同比分別下降2%和1.9%，降幅比2019年分別收窄 5.5和6.3個百分點。 汽車行業巨大的市場為汽車扣件產品提供了廣闊的發展空間，一台汽車所用扣件占零件總數的 40%，如一輛輕型車或轎車上平均每車用扣件約580種、50千克、5,000件;而一輛中卡或一輛重型車上平均 要用各種扣件90千克、5,710件。若按每輛車75kg計算，2020年汽車扣件市場規模達到約170萬噸。 此外，在中國汽車行業快速發展的大環境下，隨著市場競爭的日趨激烈，加上汽車對扣件產品品質，諸 如輕量化、環保、長壽命等方面要求的不斷提高，汽車扣件企業的裝備將會繼續更新改造。可見，汽車扣件 的市場空間巨大。

亮點2: 專業性企業發展迅速

統計顯示，列入到統計範疇的中國汽車扣件企業現有100 餘家，其中合作合資企業超過30家，人員總數6萬多 人，資產量約125億元，這其中80餘家通過了ISO/TS16949汽車行業生產件與相關服務件的組織實施供應商品質管 制體系的認證，只有少數的品種獲得國外品牌汽車扣件的製造生產外，大多數的企業還跨不進規模的汽車扣件生產 領域，有的只能靠貼牌生產。國內的汽車扣件生產企業主要有：東風汽車緊固件有限公司、晉億實業股份有限公司、 富奧汽車零部件股份有限公司緊固件分公司、陝西方圓汽車標準件有限公司、上海特強汽車緊固件有限公司、溫州明 泰標準件有限公司、浙江長華汽車零部件股份有限公司、上海上標汽車緊固件有限公司、奧達科金屬製品(上海)有限公 司、湖北友謙汽車零部件有限公司、舟山市7412工廠有限公司、中國航空工業標準件製造有限公司、福州穎明標準件有 限公司、浙江新東方汽車零部件有限公司、春雨(東莞)五金製品有限公司、浙江強力螺栓有限公司等。

051

China Fastener World no.62/2021

中國汽車扣件企業類型大致可分為兩種，一是大型且具有相當規模的扣件企業，設專責部門負責生產製 造;二是僅以汽車非標準扣件產品為主的專業企業。隨著總需求巨大增長，專業性企業在中國發展迅速，由於此類 產品的附加值較高，也成為競爭力最為激烈的領域。

產業報導 表1. 中國汽車用扣件生產企業的特徵分析 企業特徵

分析

具有成本競爭優勢

中國汽車扣件生產企業中，內資汽車扣件企業在部分發動機扣件和大部分非關鍵扣件市場中具有成本 競爭優勢。

配套能力強

企業或透過模仿國外產品起步，積極引進消化吸收、快速形成了面向內需市場的配套能力。

研發能力有待突破

企業對具有高技術含量的發動機扣件，仍缺乏開發能力或基本處於外資控制狀態，有待突破性進展。

技術有外生特徵

產品主要集中在價值比較低的品種，產品核心技術有明顯外生特徵。

亮點3： 汽車扣件產品要求更高 中國汽車扣件競爭力的提升很大程度上得益於國產品牌比亞迪、奇瑞、青年、吉利、江淮等汽車的異軍突起，以及泛亞、上汽、 東風、神龍、福特、眾泰、觀致等汽車創新性發展。隨著汽車工業的發展，對於扣件產品也提出了更高的要求；而螺紋扣件，普通的 冷鐓中碳鋼或低合金鋼及普通的表面處理鍍塗等均難以滿足要求。現今用於控制扣件螺紋 擰緊的方法主要有扭矩法，扭矩-轉角法，屈服點法，螺栓伸長法等等。在安裝過程中必 須檢測靜態扭矩或複驗扭矩，必須保證靜態扭矩滿足技術要求，低於或遠遠高於靜態 扭矩的範圍，歸結為擰緊品質控制問題。汽車螺栓擰緊的實質是控制螺紋連接的預緊 力，為確保裝配的品質，對螺紋副的擰緊狀態必須嚴格予以控制，以避免螺栓與被連 接件的結合而產生滑移或縫隙，從而導致螺紋副連接失效。 而對發動機提出的耐熱扣件材料及使用溫度，可以看出：耐熱鋼的使用溫度不 高於700℃；鎳基合金的使用溫度最高，可達820℃，但成本很高；不銹鋼具有高的 強度但使用溫度相對最低，成本也較低。因此選材時既要顧及性能也要考慮成本。 預計未來汽車扣件將呈現以下發展趨勢，見表2。

表2. 中國汽車扣件市場發展趨勢分析 發展趨勢

分析

對鋼材的要求 更為嚴格

作為汽車連接部件的螺栓，為適應汽車高設計應力和輕量化的要求，對鋼材提出了新的功能，專用材料、專 用技術不斷湧現，這並不能降低零件本身的成本，但有可能降低整車或部件的總成本。

需求多樣化

根據不同使用部件、環境，汽車用扣件在材料、構造方面均有所不同。如汽車用扣件雖然傳統上習慣使用低 合金冷鐓鋼，但在汽車發動機增壓器、三元催化器、排氣岐管，傳動系統中一些環境條件十分惡劣的部位， 耐熱鋼、不銹鋼的應用加大，且用量呈上升趨勢。

品質檢測更為 嚴格

國外對發動機用高強度扣件使用在1萬-2萬小時，不論品質，必須在規定時間內更換，在規定時間內如果沒 有達到標準，產品就不能出廠。提高產品水準，需要大量計算分析和試驗驗證，任何瑕疵都會產生早期失效 事故，中國企業正在加大線上監控手段，用模具保證大規模生產高端扣件產品的尺寸公差和形位公差。

向高優質、高 耐用過渡

技術的提升在傳統的扣件過渡到高精密汽車零部件上扮演著重要的角色，後續汽車電動化新時代需要的是 既經濟又便於使用、既可以取代機械扣件又能很好地連接有色金屬鋁、鎂合金、碳纖維複合材料、橡膠和塑 膠零部件的汽車扣件。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

三、結語 中國汽車扣件行業是一個龐大、多層次的複雜工業體系，存在著諸多問題，不容忽視。①企業數量、產量龐大，多種經濟 成份共存，產品品質參差不齊。②原材料價格和勞動力成本持續上行，扣件行業現正遭遇來自東南亞、印度、巴西等其他 國家和地區的嚴峻挑戰。③外資企業對中國扣件市場的深度開發，不斷擠壓國產品牌的生存空間。④自主創新能力不足， 技術含量較高的如發動機螺栓關鍵技術掌握在外方手中，高端產品技不如人，中低端產品質不如人。 未來若干年內汽車和扣件的持續發展仍是中國經濟發展的主要動力之一。自2015年開始“中國製造業重點領域技術路線 圖＂每兩年滾動發佈一次，《2020中國製造強國發展指數報告》對中國製造業的相關情況進行了詳細的統計、分析。預計到2025 年，中國先進軌道交通裝備、新能源汽車、發電裝備、建材等大部分優先發展項目將整體步入世界先進行列;在作業系統與工業 軟體、航空發動機等與世界強國仍有較大的差距。未來10年是中國汽車與扣件轉型升級、持續發展，從製造大國走向製造強國 的關鍵時期。 總之，汽車扣件技術和裝備的發展是先進汽車製造業賴以發展的基礎，中國扣件技術和裝備的發展空間還很大，要縮小與 國外先進水準的差距，任務還很艱鉅。但發展前景十分廣闊，要落實各類資金研發投入穩定增長機制，加大財政資金對汽車製 造技術創新的支援力度，持續提高用於汽車扣件企業新產品新技術新工藝的研發投入。

052

展前報導

2021 中國·上海 國際緊固件工業博覽會 展覽時間：2021年11月14-16日 展覽地點：上海世博展覽館 （上海浦東新區國展路1099號） 展出面積：42,000 M2 展商數量：800 家 標準攤位：2,000 個 預計觀眾：海內外35,000 + 主辦單位：中國機械通用零部件工業協會、中國機械 通用零部件工業協會緊固件分會、上海 愛螺展覽有限公司、漢諾威米蘭展覽（上 海）有限公司 承辦單位：上海愛螺展覽有限公司、漢諾威米蘭展覽 （上海）有限公司 官方媒體：緊固件工業網（www.Afastener.com）

展區/展品範圍 1號館（設備、線材、模具及耗品館） 緊固件設備及技術：成型機、打頭機、搓牙機、滾牙機、組合機、熱處理、拉絲機、檢測設備、測量儀器、 清洗設備、車床和車削設備等 緊固件用模具及耗品：生產用模具、油品、表面處理、化學製劑、輔助配件等 緊固件技術及服務：緊固件檢測技術、專利、授權服務、軟體服務、媒體、協會及行業組織等 緊固件材料：線材、盤元、帶鋼、衝壓用板材、不銹鋼、銅材及特殊合金鋼材、材料加工處理等 2號館（緊固件成品館） China Fastener World no.62/2021

標準緊固件：各種材質螺栓、螺釘、螺帽、墊圈、牙條、銷、擋圈、鉚接類、膨脹類、錨固系統、DIY產 品、非標準件、精密車床五金件、創新性緊固件及發明、螺紋護套/螺紋修復、緊固件電商等 行業專用緊固件：電子電器、汽車、摩托車、建築、風電、鐵路、自行車、化工、核工業、傢俱、航空、 太陽能用緊固件等 衝壓件和車床件：金屬衝壓件、車床車削產品及加工設備等 裝配，安裝及維修：扳手、螺絲刀、電動工具、氣動工具、焊接儀器、裝固件維修等 聯繫我們： 上海公司 郵 箱：021@Afastener.com 廣州公司 郵 箱：020@Afastener.com

053

技術論壇 身為獨立產業顧問，最開心的事之一莫過於可以遇到很多產業人士和接觸到各種進行中的產業計畫了。過去10年來，我最 常被問的就是技術傳承和螺紋滾軋的問題。事實上，過去10年來我也寫過很多文章，其中一個在多年後仍然常被問到的問題就 是螺紋滾軋，而這也是一個已經成熟到需要有創新思維導入的扣件製程步驟。 去年秋天我曾經看到一種新技術，令人相當感興趣地，可以解決上面我提到的 兩種問題，可以加速螺紋滾軋技術的傳承，並提供一種可以重複進行相同螺 紋滾軋設定的方式。這讓我印象非常深刻，因此想要寫一篇文章來探 討企業是如何解決這些螺紋滾軋的難題。因此本文將探討製 造商因應牙板螺紋滾軋問題的方式。

傳統

講到牙板螺紋滾軋，本質上，操作者會用一支 扳手和一些填隙夾片，希望可以把模具進行正確 導向，然後機器又「剛好」擠壓到，藉此形成想要 的螺紋規格。這種作法已經被採用很多年，雖然 操作者最後仍可以完成作業，大多時候他們 最終達到成果的速度和程度有部分需 要靠的是運氣，一部分則是 文/L 要靠經驗。 aure nce Cla us

牙板 螺紋 難題 及解 滾軋

這樣非常不固定的設定 方式會產生以下問題: •

無法重複相同操作動作

•

數值無法進行量測

•

技術不具完整轉移性

方

無法重複相同操作動作： 如果你從來沒有設定過軋紋機器，你可能會以為很容易，但每 天都要操作機台的操作員可不這樣認為。首先模具必須在模具空 間內恰當地排列。這通常要策略性地在模具下方和後方置放幾個 填隙夾片來把模具放置到操作者想要的位置才能完成。這些填隙 夾片的增加或移動在每一次調整下都會產生不同狀況。此外，壓力 是靠轉動壓力調整螺絲的一面或另一面進行調整。這純粹靠感覺 在進行，無法精確地控制螺絲的轉動程度。如此一來，就算是最棒 的操作員也根本不可能精確地完整複製上一次設定的動作。

China Fastener World no.62/2021

數值無法進行量測： 正常來說，操作員會挑選一些填隙夾片並簡單地在一連串試錯 中把它們放進去。縱使每片使用的填隙夾片厚度都有被追蹤，確切 的擺放位置和潛在的疊加交互影響都讓其數值無法被量測量化。 同樣地，因為壓力調整螺絲沒有調整裝置可以知道已經被順時針 或逆時針轉了幾圈，而且因為壓力調整螺絲沒有一直都施加均勻的 壓力在模具上，實際的調整程度就無法得知和量測。

技術不具完整轉移性： 調整的成功與否端看設定該機台人員的操作技術。雖然經驗 老道的人員可以教授新進人員如何進行操作，但要精準地把他 們知道的毫無遺漏完美地傳授給新進人員是不可能的。換句話 說，他們會說「把調整螺絲稍微調到左邊一些」，聽到這句話然後 試著要去重複相同動作的人又是如何解讀這句話。教授者口中的 「一些」對新進人員來說可能是多一點的一些或是少一點的一些。

054

因此，這些限制顯露 出目前業界使用的系統普遍存在 的兩種缺點。首先，傳統牙板滾軋需要有技 術能力的設定人員。每個人學習的程度不同，但可 以說多數人員除非已經操作了一段時日(可能要很多年)， 不然根本不算真正完成操作。第二，這也直接與第一項 相關，現今全球製造業遇到的共通問題是較資深的人員 離開的速度比新進年輕人員技術純熟到可以取代他們的 速度還要快。這也是大家都知道的「技術斷層」，而且最 後也會造成很多製造商對於一些關鍵的人員有更高的需 求。這讓他們在關鍵人員不在時缺乏彈性調整空間，而 且也會因為操作人員設定錯誤增加品質缺陷的風險。

製造商該如何解決這些問題? 讓我們回頭再重新複習一下牙板螺紋滾軋的流程。 一支尚未軋紋的扣件胚料被放進兩塊配好的牙板之間。 其中一片牙板較短並置放在機械固定不動端的置放槽 內，同時較長的那一片牙板則位於機器移動端撞錘的置 放槽內。當撞錘沿著原路徑縮回時，扣件胚料會被送進 兩片牙板間的間隙，接著撞錘會往前擊打，抓住新的一支 胚料然後在旋轉時在兩片牙板之間進行擠壓。兩片牙板 之間的間隔和導向讓材料往牙板溝槽流動，每轉一次形 成一些螺紋直至最末端的螺紋完成。如同前面已經說明 過的，要讓這些進來的胚料都剛好到想要的位置難度很 高，也需要技巧和專業。

技術論壇

循前人的做法照做 不幸的是，因為目前可以用來加以改善問題的選擇 很少，多數製造商只能退而求其次循前人的做法來做。 也就是說他們會有個經驗程度不一的團隊來設定機台和 操作按圖或標準要求製作初始件。經驗特別透過在職訓 練進行傳承，且通常要耗時許多年和許多設定過程進行 完善的培養。可惜的是，在這樣的條件下，就算是「最棒 的」操作員也會有「超級不順」的時候，在把任務完成或 是生產高品質零件之間遇到兩難。基於這些理由，製造 商如果遇到高離職率或是團隊年齡層相對年輕和無經驗 可能會非常綁手綁腳。

量測＞＞ 雖然這個製造法中額外增添的步驟並沒有真正解決 技術面或發展面的挑戰，量測卻提供操作員一種可以在 製造流程中把品質控管得更好的方式。這裡我並沒有要 去深入探討常被採行的首件批准許可或是螺紋大徑定期 檢查的做法。這些都是常見和可預料的。我要講的量測 是量測節徑和功能節徑，並針對量測結果實施統計製程 管理法(SPC)。如果螺紋是「完美」的，其功能節徑就會 等同其節徑。因此，若兩者之間量測值的差異開始增加 超過核定可接受值，那就是製程開始要失控的跡象。不 幸的是，因為要做這些量測過程會需要更多時間、成本 和操作員訓練，很少製造商會這麼做。 在類似脈絡下，在一開始和進行中對螺紋重疊所作 的監測是量測模具設定品質好壞的優異方式。螺紋重疊 最常見的原因(雖然不是唯一)是因為設定時模具排列不 齊所致。檢查螺紋重疊是一種顯露模具設定不良的一種 方式。不過，必須再說一次，除非客戶要求，不然製造商不 會這麼檢查，因為有時間和成本上的考量。難過的是，會 對螺紋重疊做持續性分析的人甚至更少。

製程中監測＞＞

China Fastener World no.62/2021

30 年前，冷鍛頭產業出現過一次大變革。製造商開 始在鍛頭機上安裝製程中監測儀，在製程出錯時向操作 者發出警示。雖然這花了許多年的時間，但相同的技術也 已經在牙板螺紋滾軋領域獲得一些支持。若是也被妥當 設定和使用，製程中監測儀是能找出零件異常、模具或 設定潛在變化的有效方式。 不幸的是，這種強大的技術並無法真正解決我在 本文中所提到的問題挑戰。它不能避免一開始的設定出 錯，也不能加快新進軋紋操作者的學習速度。事實上，這 只是又多出一項操作者必須學習如何正確使用的裝置， 且也可能會讓已經被壓縮到不行的學習曲線更加令人難 以負荷。

055

技術論壇

本文一開始我提到了去年 才接觸到的牙板滾軋新技術。 這也是目前為止我所知道的方 法中唯一一種能解決文章一開 始所提到主要挑戰的創意方 法。事實上，這也是唯一一種 可提供可重複做相同設定的解 決辦法。 那麼，這個技術又是如何 達到這樣的目的? 這個解方的 聰明之處在於移除了「人工猜 測」這個因素，並用可記錄和 可重複做相同設定的調整機制 來取代。這個方式會需要對軋 紋機器進行改 造。通常只要 對固定不動的模具槽進行改 造即可，但若是哈特佛式的 機型，則必須同時對兩個模 具槽做改造。改造後的模具 槽會有一整組有編號的條棒 以及尺寸逐步增加有編上字 母的圓片。透過條棒和圓片 兩者的組合變化來排列或讓 模具貼合模具槽，模具就能 夠被精確地導向以產生不同 可供 選擇的配置，也就是所

圖一 不 . 同條棒和圓片尺寸的組合所產生的各種模具導向狀態

問題的新解方

模具全面均 勻施壓

謂的模具全面均勻施壓(die distance)、模具上下差 別施壓(die tip tilt)和模具前後差別施壓(Die Rate) (見圖一). 這三種配置定義了施加於部件上的壓力 模式。條棒和圓片的標示都是獨一無二，因此以不同 條棒和圓片的組合做試驗可以得到最理想的設定條 件。條棒和圓片的組合可以被紀錄和存入數位資料 庫，透過資料儲存，以後進行製程操作時就可以不斷 地做相同的設定。 我希望目前為止的描述能讓你對這個方法技術如 何可以解決前述可重複性、可量測性和可轉移性的問 題有清楚認識。

模具上下差 別施壓

• 可重複性: 一旦建立起數據庫，條棒的編號和 圓片上的字母和其個別位置會被記錄下來。 對操作者來說將可以輕易地重新複製相同的 組合。這樣不只達到重複性，新進的操作者甚 至可以很輕易地做出優秀的模具設定。

• 可量測性: 因為條棒有編號且圓片也有字母 標示，每一種組合都可以被精準地量測。這種 模具前後差 可量測性在下次又有新的組合時會很有用， 別施壓 因為每一次改變都可以被精確和可量測地被 記錄下來。就我所知，目前沒有其他方法可以 把部件的品質跟設定變數的可記錄組合之間的關係做出連結。這種可以優化模具設 定的價值不應該被忽視或低估。這也是一種對主動積極且想持續做好改善的製造商 可應用的一種絕佳工具。

• 可轉換性: 一旦完整建立資料數據庫，相關資訊也能輕易地轉移給在牙板滾軋機無 完整訓練或知識的個人。因為數據資料庫不受地域限制，所以相同型號的機器可以在 不同的地點進行操作。這對一些需要在某處進行加工工程然後再送至其它周邊或遠 端衛星據點的企業來說將會非常有幫助。

結語:

China Fastener World no.62/2021

總結來說，螺紋滾軋對某些人來說一直是讓人頭疼的問題，雖然它是可以有效率地產生外螺紋具創意的獨特方式，但卻 高度仰賴模具設定的狀態，也不能保證可在不同地點複製出相同設定結果。任何可以降低對操作者訓練長期依賴好讓其作業 能更加輕鬆的技術或方法應該都是任何積極主動的扣件製造商所感興趣的。採用這些做法不僅有可能可以解決技術斷層的問 題，也可能可以讓部件品質和製造效率達到持續改善。採用這些方法也為想要持續改善的企業提供顯著可能性，也可能是他們 能夠大幅超越競爭者的一種方法。我希望10年後可以看到製造螺紋扣件的螺紋滾軋步驟可以變得比現在更加科學化、制式化還 更具備可重複性。

056

090 China Fastener World no.62/2021

Industry Focus

U.S. Market Development of

Electric Vehicles and Fastener Demand

Data note: The data for this article is derived from Descartes™ Datamyne's US Census trade statistics. US Import and Export Census trade statistics is based on all modes of transportation. That value is calculated in USD by CIF (imports).

In this article fasteners are defined as any product under HS Code 7318 (screws, bolts, nuts, coach screws, rivets, cotters, cotter pins, washers and similar articles or iron or steel), as well as the subcategories of 7318.

Chances are the word ‘Tesla’ will ring a bell for many in 2021, not just for being a successful electric vehicle manufacturer, but also for the modern innovation of a concept that auto manufacturers across the globe have contemplated for centuries.

Versions of electric cars have been introduced since the 1880s, all with limited speeds and miles per hour, not to mention limited features. The U.S. Department of Energy has time capsuled the history of electric cars and identified the electric wagon of 1889 the first of its kind. It was a step up from the gas and steam fueled cars that emitted harsh pollutants into the environment. Fast forward to 2006 and Tesla introduces its first 200-mile range electric car, including all the bells and whistles of a modern-day car.

Other electric vehicles have entered the U.S. market including the Chevy Volt

by GM and the Nissan Leaf. With the increase in electric cars comes the demand for accessible charging stations. The U.S. Department of Energy installed over 18,000 residential and commercial charging stations around the country between 2009 and 2013. Undoubtedly one of the main factors of electric vehicles are the batteries which originally came with a high cost. Lower cost batteries ultimately made electric vehicles more affordable to the end consumer, making the switch to an electric car extremely attractive.

For the most part, U.S. auto manufacturers import most auto parts and raw materials from their overseas trading partners. One of the most sought-after commodities for auto manufacturing is fasteners, which are by and large imported from Taiwan, China, and Japan. Considering the current U.S. administration, we may begin to see more efforts to create clean energy, one of which could be incentives for electric car consumers. In the U.S., about 91% of all households have access to at least one car. That should not come as a surprise considering the lack of public transportation in the vast majority of the country, which leads to the need for access to a vehicle.

091

China Fastener World no.62/2021

by Sabrina Rodriguez

Auto manufacturers are quickly introducing electric vehicle models.

Have the recent years of electric vehicle production ramped up fastener demand in the U.S.? Will the demand continue to grow as auto manufacturers continue to increase production?

Industry Focus Table 1. U.S. Fastener Imports 01/01/2020 - 02/29/2020 Product HS (4)

General Total Value CIF (USD)

%

7318 - Screws, Bolts, Nuts, Coach Screws, Screw Hooks, Rivets, 890,047,378 Cotters, Cotter Pins, Washers and Similar Articles, of Iron or Steel

100

General Quantity (kg)

01/01/2021 - 02/28/2021

Volume Change

General Total Value CIF (USD)

%

General Quantity (kg)

%

General Total Value CIF (USD)

%

General Quantity (kg)

%

247,614,300 100 880,164,670

100

250,633,955

100

-9,882,708

-1.12

3,019,655

1.22

%

Table 2. U.S. Fastener Imports (Subcategories) 01/01/2020 - 02/29/2020 Product HS (6) 731815 - Threaded Screws and Bolts Others, With or Without Their Nuts or Washers, of Iron or Steel 731816 - Nuts, Threaded, of Iron or Steel 731814 - Self-Tapping Screws, Threaded, of Iron or Steel 731829 - Nonthreaded Articles (Fasteners) Others, of Iron or Steel 731822 - Washers, Other Than Lock Washers, of Iron or Steel 731819 - Threaded Articles of Iron or Steel Others 731821 - Spring Washers and Other Lock Washers, of Iron or Steel 731823 - Rivets of Iron or Steel 731824 - Cotters and Cotter Pins, of Iron or Steel 731812 - Wood Screws Other than Coach Screws, Threaded, of Iron or Steel

Totals

General Total Value CIF (USD)

%

General Quantity (kg)

01/01/2021 - 02/28/2021 %

General Total Value CIF (USD)

General Quantity (kg)

%

Volume Change General Total Value CIF (USD)

%

%

General Quantity (kg)

%

388,445,288 43.65 118,875,422

48.01 356,207,730 40.48 107,821,050 43.02 -32,237,558 -8.30 -11,054,372 -9.30

195,781,748 22.00 46,229,519

18.67 180,908,862 20.56

41,200,079 16.44 -14,872,886 -7.60 -5,029,440 -10.88

145,889,895 16.40 52,275,222

21.12 182,988,870 20.80

68,531,141 27.35 37,098,975 25.43 16,255,919 31.10

57,112,999

6.42

6,776,943

2.74 55,999,277

6.37

6,755,701

2.70 -1,113,722 -1.96

-21,242 -0.32

43,234,485

4.86 13,296,432

5.37 42,776,162

4.87

13,266,091

5.30

-458,323 -1.07

-30,341 -0.23

19,981,982

2.25

2,587,746

1.05 15,972,513

1.82

2,313,566

0.93 -4,009,469 -20.07

-274,180 -10.60

10,963,777

1.24

1,169,951

0.48 10,861,293

1.24

1,309,899

0.53

10,774,848

1.22

1,936,646

0.79 11,776,797

1.34

1,987,031

0.80

1,001,949

9.30

8,399,785

0.95

861,526

0.35

9,147,780

1.04

1,015,327

0.41

747,995

8.91

153,801 17.86

4,922,163

0.56

1,390,950

0.57

6,102,902

0.70

2,383,546

0.96

1,180,739 23.99

992,596 71.37

-102,484 -0.94

890,047,378 100.00 247,614,300 100.00 880,164,670 100.00 250,633,955 100.00 -9,882,708 -1.12

139,948 11.97 50,385

2.61

3,019,655

1.22

Table 3. U.S. Fastener Imports (Main Country of Origin)

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Country of Origin

01/01/2020 - 02/29/2020 General General Total Value % Quantity CIF (USD) (kg)

%

01/01/2021 - 02/28/2021 General General Total Value % Quantity CIF (USD) (kg)

%

Volume Change General General Total Value % Quantity CIF (USD) (kg)

Taiwan

303,753,023

34.13

96,188,546

38.85 329,754,798

37.47

101,425,131

40.47

26,001,775

China

164,272,934

18.46

73,058,391

29.51 155,138,347

17.63

66,589,913

26.57

-9,134,587

8.57

%

5,236,585

5.45

-5.57 -6,468,478

-8.86

5.57 -13,833,335 -13.53 -1,301,422

-8.54

Japan

102,282,495

11.50

15,243,747

6.16

88,449,160

10.05

13,942,325

Germany

64,990,844

7.31

8,040,892

3.25

51,635,800

5.87

6,489,052

Canada

53,521,900

6.02

12,461,641

5.04

51,993,301

5.91

11,394,014

4.55

S. Korea

31,947,366

3.59

7,503,691

3.04

35,564,734

4.05

12,548,892

5.01

3,617,368

11.33

Italy

23,123,186

2.60

2,422,965

0.98

26,768,255

3.05

3,031,405

1.21

3,645,069

15.77

608,440

25.12

India

21,320,848

2.40

10,256,088

4.15

24,903,128

2.83

12,243,627

4.89

3,582,280

16.81

1,987,539

19.38

Mexico

21,300,534

2.40

2,142,053

0.87

21,458,951

2.44

2,524,351

1.01

158,417

0.75

382,298

17.85

16,080,607

1.81

1,201,109

0.49

12,000,238

1.37

609,988

0.25

U.K. Totals

092

890,047,378 100.00 247,614,300 100.00 880,164,670 100.00

2.59 -13,355,044 -20.55 -1,551,840 -19.30

250,633,955 100.00

-1,528,599

-2.86 -1,067,627

-4,080,369 -25.38 -9,882,708

-1.12

-8.57

5,045,201 67.24

-591,121 -49.22 3,019,655

1.22

Industry Focus What Trends Can Already be Seen When It Comes to Fastener Imports into the U.S.?

According to U.S. Census trade statistics, January - February 2021 have shown a slight 1.2% increase when it comes to the quantity of fasteners being imported when compared to the same time frame in 2020.

Trade at the beginning of 2020 was already beginning to be impacted due to the start of the pandemic. Fasteners within subcategory 731814 increased by 25% in value and 31% in quantity in 2021, while 731819 decreased by 20% in value and 10.6% in quantity. Subcategory 731812 increased by 24% in value and a staggering 71% in quantity.

Table 4. U.S. Fastener Imports Between 2010-2020

7318 - Screws, Bolts, Nuts, Coach Screws, Screw Hooks, Rivets, Cotters, Cotter Pins, Washers and Similar Articles, of Iron or Steel

General Total Value CIF (USD) 2010

General Quantity (kg)

General Total Value CIF (USD) 2011

General Quantity (kg)

General Total Value CIF (USD)

General Quantity (kg)

2012

General Total Value CIF (USD)

General Quantity (kg)

2013

3,652,755,043 1,184,441,689 4,413,558,966 1,354,071,671 4,887,887,114 1,437,079,831 4,778,944,402 1,459,946,322 2014

2015

2016

2017

5,152,781,842 1,539,876,990 5,291,482,711 1,597,974,818 4,785,685,901 1,512,964,397 5,168,791,299 1,546,678,148 2018

2019

2020

6,029,489,521 1,782,518,912 5,841,885,221 1,638,796,650 5,073,308,249 1,491,564,174

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Product HS (4)

093

Industry Focus Company Focus Fastener imports from Taiwan accounted for over 37% of the total value imported during the first two months of 2021, while China accounted for 17.6% and Japan for 10%. South Korea increased their fastener exports to the U.S. during the first two months of 2021 by over 67% by comparison to the same period in 2020. Similiarly, Italy increased their fastener exports by 25% and India by 19%.

Based on quantity, fastener imports were on a steady rise between 2010 and 2012, and then proceeded to slightly plateau in 2013. There was another increase in 2014/2015, followed by an unexpected dip in 2016 and a very dramatic increase in 2018. Coincidental with the 2018 increase, Tesla had begun production of the widely anticipated Model 3 which generated thousands of pre-orders. In 2020, the quantity of fastener imports into the U.S. was 1,491,564,174 kilograms which is nearly 26% higher than the total quantity imported in 2010. Judging from this increase over a 10-year time span, we can expect the demand for fasteners to have increased by about 20 – 25% in 2030.

What Should Auto Manufacturers and Fastener Suppliers Expect to Happen in the Future?

Major auto makers have been prototyping their version of electric cars and hybrid cars for decades. In the next few years, U.S. companies like Ford, General Motors and Chrysler will be introducing electric vehicles into the market. Outside of the U.S., Audi, BWM, and Hyundai, many of which will also enter the U.S. market through international trade. This increase in production will either maintain the existing demand for fasteners, or it will increase it as more vehicles will be manufactured. Bearing in mind the competitive landscape of most of the auto manufactures, it would be beneficial for oversea vendors to maintain healthy supply of fasteners to meet the market demand when production begins to ramp up.

Interesting enough, ride share apps do not seem to have driven down the demand for vehicles. The same can be said about the increasingly large population of workers that have transitioned into working from home, reducing (or eliminating) their need for a vehicle to use for daily commutes. Most major metropolitan cities offer public transportation, however, not every city offers reliable and adequate public transportation like New York City and Boston. For those outside of major cities and for all those in less suburban cities, having access to a car creates convenience, and in many cases saves public commuting time.

One thing is certain: we are witnessing the beginning shifts into cleaner energy.

Perhaps with the right incentives, environmental awareness and lowered costs, more consumers will opt for an electric vehicle over the gas-fueled comparable. For many, opting to commit to public transportation is for environmental concerns. Not owning a gas-fueled vehicle reduces their overall carbon footprint and the overall contribution to the emissions released by cars. Considering affordability and the reduction in environmental hazards, electric vehicles are predicted to become the favored option for consumers.

Specialist Supplier in Commercial Construction Applications

Triangle Fastener Corporation

by Dean Tseng, Fastener World

Triangle Fastener was founded in 1977 in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. From the very beginning, it focused on distributing various standard and specialty fasteners to the commercial construction industry. Purchased by SFS in 2019 and now a member of the SFS group while operating under the Triangle Fastener Corporation (TFC) brand, the company now provides customers with even more value.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Purchase Assorted Construction Fasteners in One Place The company provides fasteners used to attach various framing systems, steel decking, and cladding materials, as well as those for interior construction like steel framing, sheet metal, and drywall attachment. These are available in all types of head styles, drive systems, materials, and finishes including painted heads. Also available are custom types for specific applications.

Locally-tailored Services & Engineering Support The company strives to differ itself by developing fasteners that exceed industry standards. Each of its branches focuses on a local market to provide the best services that meet a customer’s individual needs like inventory management programs, product training and job site assistance. Customers and specifiers also have free access to the TFC TECH CENTER which provides engineering assistance, application testing and support, product development, and which can be used for training.

Light at the End of the Tunnel On the pandemic last year, “We were very for t u na t e b e ca use ou r t e a m m em b e r s d id a tremendous job in implementing procedures that allowed us to stay open in a safe manner,” said Vice President Joe Stager. Some regions in the USA were more affected by shutdowns, but overall the construction industry was able to continue to operate by using safe COVID-19 protocols. “Our suppliers in the USA and Taiwan also did a wonderful job in supporting our needs during these challenging times.

We expect business will continue to improve this year and into 2022. The real challenges will be meeting the demand as a result of import shipping delays.”

Now with 23 locations in 13 States, Triangle Fastener will continue to invest in new and better ways to fasten various cladding materials and position itself as the industry leader. Look no further and give TFC a try!

Contact: Vice President Joe Stager

094

E-mail: jstager@trianglefastener.com

Industry Focus

Global Automotive Market in 2020

Promising Yet Chaotic

by Dean Tseng, Fastener World

2020 Saw a Tug-of-War in Sales of Global Fossil Fuel Vehicles & Electric Vehicles The factors leading to the slump in the global automotive market last year are actually more complicated than we could imagine.

Electric vehicles as a competitor with growing sales went popular with the pandemic last year and grappled for market share with the top 10 carmakers who were not ready for complete EV transition.

The mile range of current EV batteries is almost as long as that by the engines of fossil fuel vehicles. Batteries are the most expensive component on electric vehicles. An annual survey by BNEF found

Table 1. Top 10 Global Carmaker Sales in 2020 Ranking 2019 2020 1 1 2 2 3

3

5 4 7 6 8 9 10

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Carmaker Volkswagen Toyota Renault-NissanMitsubishi Alliance Hyundai GM Honda Ford F.C.A P.S.A Mercedes- Daimler

Sales (Unit: Million Vehicles) 2019 2020 Growth (%) 10.33 9.31 -9.9 9.69 8.90 -8.2 9.22

7.95

-13.8

7.20 7.74 4.82 4.90 4.36 3.17 2.62

6.52 6.26 4.50 4.15 3.90 2.91 2.55

-9.4 -19.1 -6.6 -15.3 -10.6 -8.2 -2.7

095

China Fastener World no.62/2021

The world’s headlines were all about the U.S./China trade war back in 2019 when the automotive industry became the scapegoat for the retaliation between both countries.

Most of the primary carmakers at the time faced a decline in sales. The lockdowns and factory closures in the first half of 2020 took a punch at carmakers and more than half of their vitality. It was no surprise when the top 10 chart of global carmakers in 2020 came out with each one of them failing to keep sale numbers and continuing to drop. Their drop margins mostly varied by around 10%.

General Motors went as far as to minus 20%.

Continuing from 2019, Volkswagen took the championship in the 2020 automotive market sales chart, but even this champion was not spared from a sales drop close to 10%.

Industry Focus that the battery price in 2020 was already 89% down from a decade ago! BNEF forecast electric vehicles would be priced the same as fossil fuel vehicles within 3 years at the earliest. Morgan Stanley predicted electric vehicle prices would come down to a range of USD 3,000 to USD 5,000 within the next decade. This affordability will be spine-chilling for the fossil fuel vehicle leader Toyota and other carmakers, and no wonder they're now going full throttle in EV development. Like this isn’t complicated enough, even companies that had done nothing related to EVs before have stepped up to the plate of the EV industry. As a vivid example, word has it that the first EV prototype by Foxtron Vehicle Technologies, a joint venture between Yulon Motor and and Foxconn, would be announced this June.

Car Sales in China: Resilient but Could be in for an Electric Vehicle Bubble?

China Fastener World no.62/2021

The Covid dealt a heavy blow on the global automotive market, but didn’t take down China’s domestic car sales. China quickly put domestic car sales back on its feet by March last year, after which the sales were on a steady recovery track. Of the top 50 Chinese carmakers in the 2020 sales chart, we found that nearly half of them still had a mild and positive growth of up to 10%, which tells that the Chinese automotive market was able to maintain resilience of slow growth. The eye-catcher was Great Wall Motor with a 500% sales growth. Other carmakers with declining sales exhibited a drop margin ranging up to 20%, which indicated the pandemic still posed a certain threat to the Chinese automotive market.

Chinese new energy electric vehicle manufacturers are drawing the public's curiosity. If we extend the spectrum of the chart to top 150, we'd be surprised by the utter abundance of Chinese EV carmakers.

These EV carmakers are ranked on and after the 75th place in the chart given their sales numbers. Obviously EVs remain an emerging industry in China, and they are believed to have the potential to rise to top 10. According to Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (China), the country has at least 76 government-approved new energy car manufacturers. The EV car sales should have risen against the tide during the pandemic as far as the logic goes, but the numbers in the chart tell that sales plummeted across over half of the Chinese EV carmakers. The worst drop was down to minus 90%. Only Nio (up

096

Industry Focus 2019 2020

Carmaker

indicates EV markers)

Sales (Unit: Vehicle) 2019

2020

Market Share (%)

Growth (%)

2019

2020

1

1

SAIC Volkswagen

1,726,364 1,368,089

-20.8

+8.02

7.01

2

2

FAW-Volkswagen

1,423,394 1,248,704

-12.3

+6.61

6.39

3

3

Geely Automobile

1,178,009 1,115,289

-5.3

+5.47

5.71

4

4

Dongfeng Nissan

1,171,181 1,093,091

-6.7

+5.44

5.6

5

5

SAIC GM Buick

876,946

874,143

-0.3

+4.07

4.48

6

6

Dongfeng Honda

800,582

843,728

5.4

+3.72

4.32

8

7

Guangqi Honda

767,340

792,200

3.2

+3.56

4.06

12

8

Changan Automobile

647,012

789,183

22.0

+3.00

4.04

9

9

FAW Toyota

703,112

768,597

9.3

+3.27

3.94

11

10

GAC Toyota

697,674

761,364

9.1

+3.24

3.9

13

11

SAIC-GM-Wuling

637,940

667,295

4.6

+2.96

3.42

7

12

Great Wall Motor

99,984

644,965

545.1

+0.46

3.3

14

13

FAW-Volkswagen Audi

619,211

633,182

2.3

+2.88

3.24

15

14

BMW Brilliance

572,937

609,161

6.3

+2.66

3.12

16

15

Beijing Benz

565,644

589,128

4.2

+2.63

3.02

21

17

Chery Automobile

399,798

448,327

12.1

+1.86

2.3

19

18

SAIC

449,899

435,550

-3.2

+2.09

2.23

10

19

Beijing Hyundai

701,541

433,848

-38.2

+3.26

2.22 2.07

20

20

BYD

441,807

404,279

-8.5

+2.05

22

22

GAC Passenger Car

369,759

300,681

-18.7

+1.72

1.54

23

23

Dongfeng Yueda Kia

291,176

252,516

-13.3

+1.35

1.29

25

24

SAIC MG

236,149

241,664

2.3

+1.1

1.24

27

25

Changan Ford

186,361

210,963

13.2

+0.87

1.08

41

34

JAC

106,046

95,756

-9.7

+0.49

0.49

76

47

Nio

20,139

44,493

120.9

+0.09

0.23

---

55

Tesla China

---

37,555

---

---

0.19

---

60

Li Auto

---

29,728

---

---

0.15

---

65

Weltmeister

20,901

---

---

0.11

35

67

BAIC New Energy

122,889

19,180

-84.4

+0.57

0.1

82

69

Xpeng Motors

16,609

18,114

9.1

+0.08

0.09

---

61

70

Great Wall New Energy

38,865

17,294

-55.5

+0.18

0.09

56

72

Geely New Energy

45,856

16,110

-64.9

+0.21

0.08

74

76

SAIC-GM-Wuling New Energy

22,797

12,997

-43.0

+0.11

0.07

88

80

Geometry Auto

12,662

9,553

-24.6

+0.06

0.05

116

86

GAC Toyota New Energy

2,043

6,828

234.2

+0.01

0.03

94

91

Haima

8,456

5,894

-30.3

+0.04

0.03

106

92

Linktour Motors

3,338

5,148

54.2

+0.02

0.03

110

94

Yundu New Energy

2,566

4,470

74.2

+0.01

0.02

70

97

Changan Automobile New Energy

26,261

3,653

-86.1

+0.12

0.02

105

98

Jiangling Group New Energy

3,445

3,483

1.1

+0.02

0.02

---

101

Leap Motor

---

0.02

66

102

JAC New Energy

113

103

Denza

---

3,024

---

31,557

2,474

-92.2

+0.15

0.01

2,089

2,437

16.7

+0.01

0.01

39,125

1,166

-97.0

+0.18

---

---

60

113

Chery New Energy

---

116

AIWAYS

-----

---

117

Jimai New Energy

107

119

Zotye New Energy

---

120

GAC Nio

130

127

GAC Mitsubishi New Energy

112

128

SITECH

132

131

Zhengzhou Nissan New Energy

---

133

Letin

128

134

BAIC Changhe New Energy

---

136

GAC Honda New Energy

881

3,117 ---

829

---

---

---

730

-76.6

+0.01

---

659

---

---

---

89.3

---

---

2,192

138

-93.7

+0.01

---

20

37

85.0

---

---

29

---

---

---

21

-88.4

---

---

1

---

---

---

---

Although market demand could register a significant rebound as the world embark on vaccination in 2021, the world remains turbulent as far as the automotive industry is concerned. The most hurtful problem to the carmakers is the global chip crunch. They won’t even be able to manufacture cars without this core component, much less selling cars.

Every carmaker will have to do all they can to grapple for market share while simultaneously keeping an eye sharp for the U.S./China clash 2.0 under Biden’s regime. This could mean the automotive tariff retaliation between the U.S. and China could go on. In a market expected to recover in 2021, global carmakers will have to walk on thin ice in a world of chaos.

0.01

195

181

Automotive Chip Crunch & U.S./China Clash 2.0; Everyone on Their Own in a Chaotic World

---

103

---

120%) and Guangzhou Toyota Motor (up 234%) had multi-fold growths. This is because many of these new energy car manufacturers were new entrants with little history. Some of them, like Byton, Bordin, Qiantu Motor, and Saleen went bankrupt. Carmakers like Changjiang Automobile, Henan Suda, and YUDO New-Energy are either in financial distress or in frequent loss of funds.

Chinese electric vehicles are indeed sprouting but on the flip side, churning with worries about a bubble burst.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Table 2. Car Sales in China in 2020 ( Ranking

097

Industry Focus

Latest Update on the

EU’s Fastener Trade

by Gang Hao Chang, Vice Editor-in-Chief of Fastener World (Table data shown in descending order according to figures of 2020)

Import From 2017 to 2020, the EU imported around EUR 4.5-5.8 billion worth of fasteners from the world per year. If calculated by volume, the yearly fastener import roughly landed at 1.5-1.9 million tons. The unit price per Kg was about EUR 3.

During these four years, 2018 demonstrated the best result in fastener import with the import value reaching EUR 5.705 billion and the import volume being 1.911 million tons. However, the import appeared a consecutive drop in 2019-2020. In 2020, the import value was already down to EUR 4.4 billion and the import volume slipped to around 1.52 million tons as well, a clear sign of market demand shrinkage.

To view from import values, the EU’s main fastener import partners were China, Taiwan, USA, Switzerland, Turkey, Vietnam, India, Japan, and S. Korea. The combined import from China and Taiwan almost represented nearly 50% of the EU’s total fastener import. The imports from USA and Switzerland also represented around 10%, respectively.

To view from import volumes, the EU’s main fastener import partners were China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Turkey, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and S. Korea. The combined import from China and Taiwan almost represented around 67.5% of the EU’s total fastener import.

Vietnam, at the 3rd place, only represented 6.6%. The EU showed very high dependence upon fastener imports from China and Taiwan.

Top 20 Fastener Import Partners for the EU (Incl. UK) in 2017-2020 (by EURO) Product(s): 7318 Partners

Years

2017

2018

2019

2020

5,219,684,443

5,705,327,956

5,667,901,496

4,417,636,823

China

920,115,184

1,203,637,682

1,309,979,402

1,140,659,006

Taiwan

1,320,527,177

1,418,785,716

1,343,686,383

1,028,746,155

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Total non-EU

098

USA

802,330,632

746,228,648

797,751,311

487,182,311

Switzerland

485,183,597

464,056,476

421,370,384

363,000,880

Turkey

260,031,233

302,429,331

296,199,006

251,388,345

Vietnam

224,788,138

270,278,019

239,828,207

195,983,044

India

250,779,928

278,726,784

284,069,336

191,719,708

Japan

228,218,388

222,068,587

220,926,397

153,687,302

S. Korea

160,864,368

177,489,884

176,181,683

146,768,348

Liechtenstein

95,317,680

85,939,275

86,529,945

89,922,252

Thailand

109,370,292

125,429,022

101,855,810

70,336,474

Malaysia

88,128,507

96,013,273

87,371,382

65,362,079

Bosnia and Herzegovina

34,594,095

36,531,685

39,479,227

32,683,962

Indonesia

37,738,193

36,367,212

32,676,079

32,510,458

Norway

30,496,543

37,609,334

40,246,641

29,720,992

Canada

33,972,713

34,229,015

32,881,549

20,385,389

Serbia

15,994,919

22,625,295

17,036,625

13,286,762

Philippines

21,558,437

27,874,791

19,828,250

13,220,318

Russia

8,427,812

12,761,498

15,742,530

11,419,184

Brazil

17,000,815

18,494,238

13,523,993

11,113,802

Industry Focus Top 20 Fastener Import Partners for the EU (Incl. UK) in 2017-2020 (by Ton) Years

2017

2018

2019

2020

Total non-EU

1,725,371

1,911,158

1,831,023

1,523,211

China

548,746

654,335

699,272

651,213

Taiwan

524,818

546,729

487,988

378,180

Vietnam

124,747

144,530

121,073

100,542

Turkey

79,639

92,705

91,321

78,998

India

107,052

112,905

109,580

69,940

Thailand

68,079

75,155

59,189

43,500

Malaysia

48,743

47,562

41,398

32,422

S. Korea

38,169

43,792

41,427

31,184

Switzerland

32,721

32,586

31,002

25,218

Japan

33,136

31,306

29,192

18,927

USA

35,014

32,201

28,020

14,807

Bosnia and Herzegovina

14,498

14,331

15,713

12,773

Liechtenstein

13,085

12,294

12,048

12,632

Norway

9,023

12,327

12,104

8,782

Indonesia

10,222

9,254

8,211

8,422

Serbia

7,950

12,107

10,065

7,966

Ukraine

5,487

5,274

4,277

6,665

Belarus

4,114

5,821

3,594

4,568

Russia

2,382

3,757

6,472

4,119

Philippines

5,833

8,082

5,354

3,702

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Partners

099

Industry Focus Top 20 Fastener Export Partners for the EU (Incl. UK) in 2017-2020 (EURO) Partners

Years

2017

2018

2019

2020

Total non-EU

4,247,031,753

4,481,999,683

4,616,451,798

3,888,110,553

China

882,446,226

895,332,219

820,271,204

859,608,759

USA

726,173,946

827,916,158

958,790,319

742,843,667

Switzerland

308,152,479

321,415,607

307,042,385

276,668,747

Russia

197,604,639

212,220,126

217,823,967

202,738,936

Mexico

201,743,697

225,688,871

237,542,196

192,583,424

Turkey

239,501,577

231,394,968

220,399,740

191,252,235

Brazil

166,889,282

178,752,656

177,305,792

146,113,163

Norway

121,455,190

138,755,966

159,305,607

124,506,350

India

153,307,520

176,574,478

157,120,028

102,170,892

Morocco

74,183,931

75,263,890

92,948,958

78,499,486

Liechtenstein

76,306,754

68,276,508

65,203,869

63,211,337

S. Korea

56,102,825

57,104,863

61,795,870

59,782,127

South Africa

84,182,546

77,363,201

81,993,936

54,501,777

Australia

54,839,371

57,272,390

55,328,583

51,049,571

Japan

55,254,667

58,157,447

63,546,768

47,443,198

Canada

71,032,894

68,690,834

77,211,260

47,142,169

Singapore

67,199,825

69,932,276

74,451,686

44,163,637

Ukraine

22,650,793

30,185,743

38,726,800

41,270,824

UAE

52,365,326

48,340,892

56,515,569

37,821,739

Serbia

34,153,601

34,354,969

33,177,165

33,995,715

Top 20 Fastener Export Partners for the EU (Incl. UK) in 2017-2020 (Ton)

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Partners

100

Years

2017

2018

2019

2020

Total non-EU

550,946

568,314

549,717

494,018

China

112,089

106,479

90,320

96,395

USA

77,894

85,603

92,090

79,614

Switzerland

42,064

42,923

38,902

36,593

Russia

36,147

37,264

37,440

34,982

Turkey

40,417

37,377

36,097

29,942

Mexico

27,718

30,877

32,043

27,574

Brazil

28,828

31,265

28,467

22,482

Norway

20,196

23,425

25,280

21,294

India

23,447

25,639

19,656

13,423

Ukraine

4,790

7,305

9,472

11,792

Liechtenstein

12,548

12,587

12,034

11,406

Morocco

10,596

9,527

9,991

9,792

South Africa

11,844

12,581

13,545

8,493

Serbia

6,751

6,343

6,109

6,278

Australia

5,461

5,779

5,008

4,775

UAE

5,916

4,663

4,745

4,667

S. Korea

3,454

3,438

3,269

4,344

Egypt

3,466

3,931

3,716

4,122

Thailand

5,955

6,033

5,021

3,554

Belarus

2,872

3,308

3,332

3,389

Industry Focus

From 2017 to 2020, the EU exported around EUR 3.8-4.6 billion worth of fasteners to the world per year. If calculated by volume, the EU exported 0.50.57 million tons of fasteners to the world. The EU’s fastener export volume was around 1/3 of its fastener import volume, but its fastener export value was very close to its fastener import value, which clearly showed the fact that fasteners the EU exported to the world were mostly high value-added products. The unit price per Kg was close to EUR 8.

During these four years, the EU’s fastener export to the world showed the best result in 2018-2019. Its export value reached the highest point in 2019 at around EUR 4.616 billion and the export volume also reached the highest point in 2018 at 0.568 million tons.

In 2020, its export value dropped to the lowest level at EUR 3.888 billion and the export volume also dropped to around 0.494 million tons.

To view from export values, the EU’s main fastener export partners were China, USA, Switzerland, Russia, Mexico, Turkey, Brazil, Norway, and India.

The combined export to China, USA, and Switzerland represented almost nearly 50% of the EU’s total fastener export. The exports to Russia, Mexico, Turkey, Brazil, Norway, and India also represented around

2.5-5.0%, respectively. What’s worth mentioning is, compared to fastener exports to the other main fastener export partners, the EU’s fastener export to China in 2020 was still on a rise. To view from export volumes, the EU’s main fastener export partners were almost the same as those viewed from fastener export values. The EU’s total export to China, USA, and Switzerland represented the lion’s share of around 43%. China was also the only one that showed an increase in 2020 among the EU’s top 5 fastener export partners.

Recap To view the EU’s fastener trade data and the analyses in previous paragraphs, one could roughly know that besides importing a great deal of fasteners from Asia at comparatively low unit prices, the EU (benefited by the vibrant fastener manufacturing, distribution, and supply chains in many EU countries, such as Germany, France, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, etc.) is also equipped with sufficient capacities and capabilities to meet the global market demand for high-end fasteners at high unit prices. The unit price of the EU’s fastener export was about 2.6 times the unit price of its fastener import.

During 2017-2020, the EU’s fastener trade data appeared fluctuations, but the fluctuations were comparatively mild. However, considering some unfavorable factors still in place, such as the shortage of labor and materials, hiking transport and manufacturing costs, resurgence of reported Covid-19 cases, and the slow vaccine rollout, I expect the developing trend in 2021 may appear a comparatively flat downward curve, but the whole situation may not become so worse, as the global supply and demand still remain and the slow recovery in many industries continues, as a result, the possibility of a drastic slump is quite low.

China Fastener World no.62/2021

Export

101

102 China Fastener World no.62/2021

103 China Fastener World no.62/2021