FBI National Academy Associate March/April 2012 by Kelly Bracken

M A R C H / A P R I L 2 0 1 2 • V O L U M E 14 , N U M B E R 2

THE MAGAZINE OF THE

FBI NATIONAL ACADEMY ASSOCIATES

SUPER COP SOCIETY DEMANDS NOTHING LESS PLUS:

CONFESSIONS, LIES AND GETTING

A CONVICTION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS A

MARCH / APRIL 2012 â&#x20AC;˘ VOLUME 14 / ISSUE 2

COLUMNS 6 Association Perspective

New Times, New Digs Diane Scanga

23 Message from our Chaplain

Forgive Yourself Come to terms with your past transgressions to move on and fully embrace life. Billy Gibson

24 Staying on the Yellow Brick Road

12 FEATURES

Let Them Talk

With the right approach, you can get suspects to tell you the truth and confess.

AD INDEX

Lyman T. Moores II

Some drinkers buy these devices to determine if they are sober enough to drive, but tests show they may be misled. Mark Willingham

John Van Vorst

EACH ISSUE 2 Executive Board 8 Strategic Alliances 10 Chapter Chat

Can the Public Trust Personal Portable Breath Testers?

Fitness Flashback: The 10 x 10 This oldie but goodie circuit training workout slowly builds to incorporate multiple repetitions of a wide range of exercises.

Truth, Justice, and the American Way

You have to become a super cop; society demands nothing less.

IFC 2 3 4 4 5 7 9 18 19 22 IBC BC

5.11 Tactical Series Regis University Purdue University of Mississippi Division of Outreach Tele-Lite, Inc. Justice Federal Credit Union Troy University American Military University BLI, Inc. DeSantis Holsters Trident University Taser International Verizon Wireless

Ross L. Riggs

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“Continuing Growth Through Training and Education”

Representative, Section I—Johnnie Adams Support Operations Commander, University of California Los Angeles Police Department (CA) jadams@fbinaa.org

Representative, Section II—Barry Thomas Captain and Chief Deputy, Story County Sheriff’s Office (IA) bthomas@fbinaa.org

The Magazine of the FBI National Academy Associates

EXECUTIVE BOARD Association President—Diane Scanga Captain/Academy Director, Director of Public Safety Services, Jefferson College (MO) dscanga@fbinaa.org

Representative, Section III— Joey Reynolds Manager, G4S Police Department (NC) jreynolds@fbinaa.org Representative, Section IV—Scott Dumas Captain, Rochester Police Department (NH) sdumas@fbinaa.org

Association Past President—Matt Raia Commander (retired), Westminster Police Department (CO) mraia@fbinaa.org

Chaplain—William C. Gibson Director (retired), S.C. Criminal, Justice Academy (SC) wgibson@fbinaa.org

1st Vice President, Section III—Doug Muldoon Chief, Palm Bay Police Department (FL) dmuldoon@fbinaa.org

Historian—Terrence (Terry) Lucas Law Enforcement Coordinator, U.S. Attorne y- Central District (IL) tlucas@fbinaa.org

2nd Vice President, Section IV—Laurie Cahill Detective Lieutenant, Ocean County Sheriff’s Department (NJ) lcahill@fbinaa.org

FBI Unit Chief —Greg Cappetta National Academy Unit (VA) gcappetta@fbiacademy.edu

3rd Vice President–Section I—Joe Gaylord Protective Services Manager, Central Arizona Project (AZ) jgaylord@fbinaa.org

Executive Director–Steve Tidwell FBI NAA, Inc. Executive Office (VA) stidwell@fbinaa.org

CRIMINALS ARE SMART. BE SMARTER. A degree in criminology from Regis University takes the study of criminal behavior to a higher level. Our programs add the latest research and analytical insight into the criminal mind WR H[SORUH WKH VRFLDO DQG SV\FKRORJLFDO IDFWRUV WKDW LQÀXHQFH criminal behavior.

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Online or on-campus | Several start dates per year TRADITIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROGRAMS

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Regis University is a regionally accredited, 130 year old Jesuit institution in Denver, CO. Regis has been recognized as a national leader in education for adults and we are committed to programs that are accessible and affordable.

2 M A RC H / A PR IL 2012

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To aid in the prevention of prescription drug abuse and diversion

FREE Professional Educational Programs Presented by Experienced Former Officers Forged and Altered Prescriptions

The Purdue Pharma Law Enforcement Liaison and Education Unit, which is staffed by retired law enforcement officials, provides FREE educational materials, as well as drug identification cards and placebos for “reverse sting” undercover operations. Training – Topics include preventing and investigating prescription drug diversion; scams against physicians; pharmacy scams; investigating criminal prescribers; and pain topics and definitions related to the use of opioids for the treatment of pain. Placebos – Identical to real controlled substances manufactured by Purdue Pharma, but contain no controlled substances.Their use is restricted to criminal investigations.

Anti-Crime Program – RxPATROL® (Rx Pattern Analysis Tracking Robberies and Other Losses) is designed to assist law enforcement efforts to apprehend and prosecute pharmacy robbers and scammers, as well as to help protect pharmacies. Using a web-based program RxPATROL collects, collates and analyzes information from pharmacy theft reports across the U.S. The RxPATROL website – www.rxpatrol.org - has links to the National Association of Drug Diversion Investigators and to the National Community Pharmacists’ Association.

Educational Materials – Drug ID cards with full-color, actual-size photographs of the most For more information, contact the commonly abused prescription Law Enforcement Liaison and Education Unit drugs, according to the National at 203-588-7281 Association of Drug Diversion Purdue Pharma L.P. One Stamford Forum, Stamford, CT 06901-3431 Investigators. Educational brochures on preventing prescription drug Fax 203-588-6035 • E-mail: LEPrograms@pharma.com abuse for law enforcement officers to distribute to pharmacies, physicians and hospitals, includes how to spot and deal with scammers.

All of these programs are provided at no cost. We do not promote any company’s products. Our sole objective is to provide information that supports law enforcement to help keep prescription drugs out of the hands of criminals, in order to ensure that they are available for patients with real medical needs.

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M A R C H /A P R I L 2 0 1 2 VOLUME 14 â&#x2DC;&#x2026; NUMBER 2

The National Academy Associate is a publication of the FBI National Academy Associates, Inc. Steve Tidwell / Executive Director/Managing Editor Ashley R. Sutton / Communications Manager

The University of Mississippi Master of Science in Criminal Justice Executive Cohort r 5PQJDT JODMVEF IPNFMBOE TFDVSJUZ GSBVE TDBNT JOUFMMJHFODF QMBOOJOH BOE UFSSPSJTN r 0ĂFST UIF TVQQPSU BOE ĂłFYJCJMJUZ XPSLJOH BEVMUT OFFE UP DPNQMFUF B EFHSFF BU B XFMM FTUBCMJTIFE BOE IJHIMZ SFQVUBCMF VOJWFSTJUZ

For more information, please contact: %S .JLF 8JHHJOHUPO & NBJM NQXJHHJO!PMFNJTT FEV r 1IPOF

www.outreach.olemiss.edu/CJ

ÂŠ Copyright 2012, the FBI National Academy Associates, Inc. Reproduction of any part of this magazine without express written permission is strictly prohibited. The National Academy Associate is published bi-monthly by the FBI National Academy Associates, Inc., National Executive Office, FBI Academy, Quantico, VA 22135; phone: (703) 632-1990, fax: (703) 632-1993. The FBI National Academy Associates, Inc. is a private, non-profit organization and is not part of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or acting on the FBIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s behalf. Editorial submissions should be e-mailed to Ashley Sutton at asutton@fbinaa.org. Submissions may vary in length from 5002,000 words, and shall not be submitted simultaneously to other publications. The FBI National Academy Associates, Inc., the Executive Board and the editors of the National Academy Associate neither endorse nor guarantee completeness or accuracy of material used that is obtained from sources considered reliable, nor accept liability resulting from the adoption or use of any methods, procedures, recommendations, or statements recommended or implied. Photographs are obtained from stock for enhancement of editorial content, but do not necessarily represent the editorial content within.

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On The Cover: Super Cop Citizens expect every law enforcement officer to essentially meet the standards of Superman, fighting for truth, justice, and the American way. But cops demand just as much from themselves. 4 M A RC H / A PR IL 2012

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ASSOCIATION PERSPECTIVE

DIANE SCANGA

New Times, New Digs DEAR FELLOW FBINAA MEMBERS,

Y THE TIME this issue of The Associate lands on your desk, the February Chapter Presidents and Secretary/Treasurers meeting at Quantico will be a memory. The chapter officers meet annually to learn and share how to make chapters stronger, membership more valuable, and how to strengthen our Association as a whole. There is time to learn new databases, look at the finances, get legal advice for the Association, and, of course, rekindle those NA ties. The meeting focused on the need for the executive board, chapters, and members to cooperatively run our organization more efficiently, effectively, and thoughtfully. This year the message included our reality that the NAA executive office and store are leaving the confines and generosity of the Academy. This move has been discussed and the executive office has been planning for this challenge since being advised last Fall. The FBI Academy has been a gracious host for many, many years, but now we need to stand on our own as the Association of the nearly 18,000 members that we are. As exciting as this news is, like any change, we recognize that relocating to an office off base will move us out of our comfort zone until we make the new space our new comfort zone. The pending move presents us with opportunities to grow and expand the amazing groundwork and organizational base that the executive office staff and our members have achieved. The existing NAA executive office has been limited by the space available at the Academy. Often projects and opportunities to grow were missed because we just did not have any more room for property, people, or equipment to take on another project. Imagine the possibilities now! The executive office staff is an incredible team who are approaching the move like they have approached every new challenge (opportunity), with energy that is unparalleled. The executive board committee chairs and those NAA members who have stepped up to volunteer on the committees will be working with the executive office during the year to help in any way that we can.

BENEFITS—USE ’EM OR LOSE ’EM This move will not change the current projects that the executive office staff and the committees are working on to continue to build membership and add value for you, the member. The Membership Benefits and Services Committee works with the executive office to identify and secure discounts and savings opportunities for you, the member. The Training Committee has secured scholarships for your kids and grandkids. The catch? The benefits and level of discounts are based on the volume of members who actually take advantage of the discount offers and coupon codes. Members have been polled to

better identify what members wants to add value to the membership. These benefits are listed on www.fbinaa.org and, new this year, benefits are also listed on the back of your annual member card. As the executive office and the Executive Board continue to identify ways to add value to your membership—you only need to take advantage of the opportunities to save. Before you book a hotel—check the back of your membership card. Renting a car? Check your membership card. Have insurance needs? Check your membership card… Notice a theme? Benefits include credit cards from JFCU and discounts on products and merchandise. A couple of clicks with your mouse or a few minutes to check your membership card could save you dollars and strengthen our association’s bargaining power for other vendors.

POWER IN NUMBERS Power in numbers seems so simple, but is it? Consider “power in coordinated numbers.” Numbers are good, lots of numbers even better, but numbers working in concert, toward a common goal, accessing the same resources, are even better. Our bargaining power increases and the potential for savings to you increases with it. The chapter officers attending the annual Chapter Presidents and Secretary/Treasurers meeting in Quantico saw firsthand how hard the executive office and executive board work to support the chapters. Sharing the money that the NAA earns from merchandise, the office is taking on more responsibility for membership renewal, and pricing items with vendors at great savings to the members and the chapters. What have you done for the Association? Be active in your chapter. Bring back a member who has let his or her membership lapse. Use your member benefits. Buy from vendors we partner with for chapter events. Support the Association with the same zeal that the Association supports you! ■ F B I N A A Sincerely,

Diane Scanga Diane Scanga, 2012 President

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Deputy Chief Stephanie Burch Troy University Alumna

T H E C A L L I N G TO S E RV E

THE WILL TO LEAD

Our earliest students came to TROY to learn how to help others. Today, our degree programs continue to attract those looking for careers shaping a life of service... such as law enforcement. If it is in your nature to contribute to the greater community, youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll find a culture here that knows how to nurture that spirit. Troy University is not for everybody... it is for those who want to become somebody.

Educate the mind to think, the heart to feel, the body to act. - TROY Motto 1887

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ranked Among Top Schools in the Nationâ&#x20AC;? - Forbes Magazine â&#x20AC;&#x153;One of the Best in the Southeastâ&#x20AC;? - Princeton Review

)N CLASS s /NLINE s 7ITHIN REACH s TROY EDU s &IND US ON

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STRATEGIC ALLIANCES

ACADEMIC ALLIANCES

A Strategic Ally and the official wireless provider of the FBINAA

American Military University

Verizon Wireless One Verizon Way, Baskingridge, NJ 07920 (800) 295-1614 • www.verizonwireless.com

10110 Battleview Pky., Ste. 114 Manassas, VA 20109 (703) 396-6437 www.amuonline.com

Trident University 5665 Plaza Dr., 3rd Floor Cypress, CA 90630 (714) 816-0366 x2019 www.tuiu.edu

Premier Ally and the Official Electronic Control Device (ECD) provider of the FBINAA

Bethel University 2900 Lebanon Pike, Suite 210 Nashville, TN 37214 (855) 202-6385

Taser International, Inc. 7860 E. McClain Drive, Suite 2, Scottsdale, AZ 85260 (800) 978-2737 • www.taser.com Strategic Ally and the “Official Supplier of Authentic Tactical Apparel and Gear” to the FBINAA

5.11 Tactical Series 4300 Spyres Way, Modesto, CA 95356 (209) 527-4511/Fax: (209) 527-1511 • www.511tactical.com

www.bethelcj.edu

Troy University 100 University Park Troy, AL 36082 (334) 670-5672 www.troy.edu/partnerships/fbinaa

Capella University 5705 Harpers Farm Road, Suite B Columbia, MD 21044-2555 (410) 772-0829 www.capella.edu/fbinaa

A Strategic Ally and the Official VISA of the FBINAA

University of Maryland University College 3501 University Boulvard East Adelphi, MD 20783 (301) 985-7542 www.umuc.edu

Kaplan University

Justice Federal Credit Union 5175 Parkstone Drive, Suite 200, Chantilly, VA 20151 800-550-JFCU • www.jfcu.org

6301 Kaplan University Ave. Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309 (866) 229-5944 www.fbinaa.kaplan.edu

A Strategic Ally of the FBINAA

St. Cloud State University

Innovative Data Solutions, Inc. 200 E. Robinson St., Suite 525, Orlando, FL 32801 800-749-5104 • www.imagineids.com

University of Oaklahoma College of Liberal Studies 1610 Asp St. Norman, OK 73072 (800) 522-4389 www.clsinfo@ou.edu

720 Fourth Avenue South St. Cloud, MN 56301 (320) 308-0121

www.stcloudstate.edu

Upper Iowa University A Strategic Ally of the FBINAA

i2 1430 Spring Hill Road, Suite 600 McLean, Virginia 22102 (703) 921-0195 • (888) 546-5242 www.i2group.com/us

Saint Leo University P.O. Box 6665 Saint Leo, FL 33574-6665 (813) 310-4365 www.saintleo.edu

A Strategic Academic Ally

University of Phoenix 3157 E. Elwood St. Phoenix, AZ 85034 (866) 766-0766 www.phoenix.edu

CORPORATE ALLIANCES Shell Oil Company Shell Corporate Security, One Shell Plaza 910 Louisana Street Houston, TX 77002 www.shell.com

Strayer University 8540 Cinder Bed Rd., Ste 1750 Newington, VA 22122 (703) 283-5724 www.strayer.edu

P.O. Box 1861 Fayette, IA 52142 (888) 877-3742 www.uiu.edu

Walden University 650 South Exeter Street Baltimore, MD 21202 858.705.4165 www.waldenu.edu

United Parcel Service 55 Glenlake Pkwy, NE. Atlanta, GA 30328 www.ups.com

The Response Network P.O. Box 5520 Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 www.theresponsenetwork

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“IAMULOOKED TO A LEADER. is where experience and academics intersect.” Chief Joel Hurliman | Graduate, School of Public Service & Health AMU stands shoulder-to-shoulder with the law enforcement community. As a 32-year police veteran and retired Army National Guard Master Sergeant, Chief Hurliman knows it takes street smarts and book smarts to address today’s complex public safety challenges. He joined AMU based on academic partnerships such as the FBI National Academy, faculty who have worn the badge, and a community of like-minded peers, each dedicated to protecting and serving our nation.

Learn More at www.PublicSafetyatAMU.com/associate-mag

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CHAPTER CHAT The intent of this column is to communicate chapter news. Announcements may include items of interest, such as member news, section activities, events, training calendar, special programs, etc. Refer to the editorial submission deadline, particularly with date-sensitive announcements. Submit chapter news and high-resolution digital jpg or tif photos with captions to: Ashley Sutton, Editor, FBINAA, Inc., at asutton@fbinaa.org phone: (302) 644-4744 • fax (302) 644-7764

CALIFORNIA ★ The Los Angeles Division finished the year with our annual holiday party at The Grand in Long Beach, Calif. This festive event included for the first time a joint venture between the FBI National Academy Associates and the local Los Angeles Division of the Society of Former Agents. Our featured speaker was Assistant Director in Charge of the Los Angeles Office, Steve Martinez. Steve did a wonderful job giving us an overview of threats in our area. Additionally, six representatives of the 23rd Regiment, 4th Division of the United States Marine Corps were on hand as we participated in their annual Toys for Tots toy drive. The combined organizations donated more than 200 new toys to needy children throughout the Southern California area. ★ California welcomes two new board members to this year’s executive board. Lt. Russell McKinney of the UCLA Police Department, Session 240, will be the new vice president of the Los Angeles Division and Chief Jim Smith of the Monterey Park Police Department, Session 214, will be the new training manager/ webmaster. ★ At their Fall meeting, the executive board authorized a donation of $5,000 to the

FBINAA Charitable Foundation, becoming a gold sponsor of this worthwhile effort. ★ In January, Ken Melgoza, Session 240, was appointed as the chief investigator for the San Joaquin County District Attorney’s DAI Bureau Members of the California Chapter were saddened by the passing of a respected and wonderful colleague on December 29, 2011. John Wilbanks, retired LAPD captain III and a graduate of Session 104, was a past president and secretary/treasurer for the California Chapter. He will be sorely missed.

CONNECTICUT ★ On Dec. 2, 2011, several FBI NA Grads from the Connecticut State Police were promoted by Col. Danny R. Stebbins. Sarah Bruso, Session 215; Brian McLean, Session 220; Michael Darcy, Session 234; Alaric Fox, Session 238; and Regina Rush-Kittle, Session 244, were all promoted to major. Dale P. Hourigan, Session 209, was promoted to captain.

EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA ★ John R. Bailey, Session 223, recently retired from the Tredyffrin Township Police Department in Berwyn, Pa., on Dec. 1, 2011, after serving for more than 34 years. He retired as a detective sergeant. On Dec. 29, he was

sworn in as a magisterial district judge for court in Exton, Pa., after a November election victory.

FLORIDA ★ In October, Mark C. Schrader, Session 232, was promoted to chief deputy and Tim Lethbridge, Session 246, was promoted to captain; both serve with the Highlands County Sheriff’s Office in Sebring, Fla. ★ The second in command at the Flagler County Sheriff’s Office, Chief Deputy Rick Look, Session 176, has been placed on permanent disability leave. Look, 63, announced that he has a heart condition. Maj. David O’Brien, Session 229, has been serving as acting chief deputy and will continue in that position.

ILLINOIS ★ As of May 16, 2012, Donald V. Norton completes his fifty-second consecutive year in law enforcement. He retired from the Illinois State Police as a captain and is currently employed as a federal investigator with the United States Attorney’s Office, Northern Illinois, in Chicago. Prior to entering public service he was the Chief Investigator, Corporate Security, Montgomery Ward and Company. Don served during hostilities in the Korean War as a staff sergeant with the 1st Marine Division, Inchon Sector. He subsequently received a direct commission in the U.S. Army, Military Police Corps, was called to active duty during the Vietnam War, then after 40 years of reserve and active duty he retired from the military at the rank of colonel.

KANSAS/WESTERN MISSOURI ★ Gary Steed, Session 231, former sheriff of the Sedgwick County (Kan.) Sheriff’s Office, was appointed to the prestigious post of Acting Executive Director of Kansas Commission of Law Enforcement Standards and Training (KS-CPOST) by Gov. Sam Brownback. Gary succeeds Steven Culp, Session 195. ★ On Dec. 1, the executive board met and held an orientation meeting with the Kansas/ Western Missouri Chapter selectees attending Session 248. A Chapter-hosted luncheon for the attendees followed. Kansas/Western Missouri: (L-R) Undersheriff Michael Stover, Sedgwick County (Kan.) Sheriff’s Office; Undersheriff Herman T. Jones, Shawnee County (Kan.) Sheriff’s Office; Capt. Steve James, Olathe (Kan.) Police Department; Maj. Wayne Stewart, Kansas City (Mo.) Police Department; and Capt. Donald Stubbings Jr., Kansas State University Police Department

★ On Dec. 1, President Scott Rhoad presented Past President Randy Adair with a chapter

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Kansas/Western Missouri: On Dec. 1, 2011, chapter president Scott Rhoad presented past president Randy Adair with a chapter gavel and plaque for his exemplary service as chapter president in 2010.

gavel and plaque for his exemplary service as chapter president in 2010. ★ On Dec. 14, a memorial service was held for Trooper Frederick F. Guthrie Jr. of the Missouri State Highway Patrol, who on Aug. 1, 2011, was swept away by turbulent flood water near Big Lake. His K-9, Reed, was recovered two days later; however, Trooper Guthrie was located, on January 12, 2012, after a massive recovery effort by the Missouri State Highway Patrol, with the assistance of several agencies and community volunteers. A check in the Kansas/Western Missouri: Trooper amount of $1,500 from Frederick F. Guthrie the Verizon Wireless/FBI Jr., Missouri State National Academy Associ- Highway Patrol ates Fallen Officer Fund was presented to Mrs. Teresa Guthrie, along with a letter of condolence from Mr. Gabe Esposito, director of Verizon’s Corporate Security Fund. Survivors include his wife Teresa and children Amber, Dylan, and Cody. ★ On Dec. 15, funeral services were held for Sgt. David Enzbrenner of the Atchison (Kan.) Police Department. Sgt. Enzbrenner was shot and killed in the line of duty on Dec. 9 while he was investigating an ordinance violation. A check in the amount of $1,500 from the Verizon Wireless/FBI National Academy Associates Fallen Officer Fund and a letter of condolence from Kansas/Western Gabe Esposito, director of Missouri: Sgt. David Enzbrenner, Verizon’s Corporate Security Atchison (Kan.) Fund, were presented to Police Department

Mrs. Kerri Enzbrenner by Mark Goodloe, Chapter Vice President, and Atchison PD police chief Mike Wilson. Sgt. Enzbrenner is survived by his wife Kerri and daughters Avery, Abbi, and Celia.

NEW JERSEY

★ Our deepest and heartfelt condolences are extended to Col. Ron Replogle and the Missouri State Highway Patrol, to the family of Trooper Fred Guthrie, Chief Mike Wilson and the Atchison Police Department, and to the family of Sgt. David Enzbrenner.

NEW YORK/EASTERN CANADA

★ On December 16, a retirement ceremony was held for Lt. Col. Jack Cauley, deputy chief of the Overland Park (Kan.) Police Department, after 25 years of honorable service. Jack quickly accepted the position of Chief of Police in Castle Rock, Colo. He attended his first roll call as chief there on Jan. 3, 2012. Congratulations to Jack and his wife Deanna! ★ Tim Burnett was appointed by a unanimous vote of the Merriam City Council on Jan. 9, 2012, to serve as Chief of Police for the City of Merriam. Tim is a 29-year veteran of the Department and attended Session 231 of the FBI NA. Congratulations, Tim!

KENTUCKY ★ Lt. Mark McDowell of the Ashland Police Department was promoted to major on December 4, 2011. He is now commander of the Field Operations Division. Mark is a 23-year veteran of Ashland PD and a graduate of Session 234.

NEW ENGLAND ★ Daniel G. Sklut has retired from the Shrewsbury (Mass.) Police Department and is now the chief of police in Dunbarton, N.H.

★ The New Jersey Chapter is saddened to announce the passing of Charles J. Fortenbacker, Session 106, retired chief of the Bernards Township Police Department.

★ The New York Office Planning Board Meeting was held January 10 to set up its 2012 Activities for the Greater New York City Area. More than 15 training events are planned, including three shoots and one session that can be taken to obtain an annual HR 218 concealed carry certification. ★ John Bates has been appointed as chief of the Stratford Police Service in Ontario, Canada, effective March 1, 2012.

SOUTH CAROLINA ★ The new Greenville Police Training Center was recently dedicated and named for Retired Chief of Police Harold C. Jennings, Session 53, who served with the Greenville Police Department for 42 years, including 12 years as chief. Incidentally, his wife, Gladys, has written a book, “Back in Those Days,” describing his experiences. Included in the book’s dedication is the FBINAA. ★ David Chenshaw, 63, died Jan. 9, 2012. Chenshaw was a 35-year veteran of law enforcement and served as sheriff of Anderson County from 2004 to 2008. He was a graduate of the FBI National Academy, Session 138.

TEXAS ★ Ray Skinner, Session 176, former executive director of the Texas Chapter, and his wife, Lee, celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary together in January. ■ F B I N A A

New York/Eastern Canada: (L-R) Chief Martin Flatley, Town of Southold (N.Y.) PD, Session 195; Chief Kevin A. Nulty, Orangetown (N.Y.) PD, Session 171; Inspector Bob Oswald, Suffolk County (N.Y.) PD, Session 190, and NYSEC 2nd VP; Joseph E. Schneider, Jr., NYSAG Retired, Session 146, Chapter Historian and Past President; Joseph J. Gannon, NYPD Retired, Session 126, Immediate Past President NYSEC; Evelyn Vera, FBI-NYO Training Unit; John J. Coleman, FBI Retired, Session 123, NYSEC Secretary/Treasurer; S/A Diego Redondo, FBI-NYO Training Unit; Lt. (CDS) William J. Carbone, NYPD, Session 217, NYSEC Board of Governors. w w w.f b i n a a.o r g

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With the right approach, you can get suspects to tell you the truth and confess.

Let Them

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Talk LYMAN T. MOORES II

Twenty years ago when I first started out as a patrol deputy working in a rural county in Washington state, not only did I have more hair and a better physique, but I had a different attitude when I interviewed suspects. Oftentimes I’d arrest suspects, bring them back to the office to be interviewed, let them sit for a bit, then confront them on the case under investigation. Every so often I’d get lucky and get a confession. However, more than not, I’d simply end up with a bunch of lies and denials, and a dead-end case.

When I placed suspects in the interview room, I had only one thing on my mind: get a confession and solve the case. Too often in order to solve my case, I had to get a confession due to the lack of other sufficient evidence to secure a conviction. In the end, the prosecutor would decline prosecution and the suspects would simply walk out the door. My fragile ego wouldn’t let me admit that perhaps it was my interviewing techniques that ultimately led to the prosecutor dropping the case. Instead, I’d try to blame the prosecutor or the system. Twenty years and a lot of confessions later, I’m the supervisor of my department’s Criminal Investigations Bureau and as such I’m held responsible for cases being properly investigated and suspects being prosecuted. And one thing that hasn’t changed is we’re still arresting suspects for the same crimes, with our intentions also being the same: get a confession, make a prosecutable case, and convict the suspect.

PHOTO: ©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM

The “Honey” Approach One thing that has changed is the way we go about getting statements from the suspects. I teach detectives in my department a new approach in confronting suspects and as a result we get significantly more confessions. I teach my detectives that you don’t have to go head to head with the suspects until you wear them down to get a confession. It’s amazing what more than

20 years of experience in investigations and interviewing thousands of suspects can do if you sincerely want to get better and solve the cases. Police work, especially when you’re first starting off, lends itself to having your own ideas about how things should be done. And a lot of what influences a young patrol officer is based on impressions he or she gets from being bombarded with police shows on television and from fellow officers embellishing their own solved cases. This information is not necessarily indicative of good interviewing skills. My mother used to say to me, “You can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar.” Now it took me a few years to understand the real meaning of this and how to put it to use in the real world. What I found out was that if investigators really want to solve cases sometimes they have to swallow their pride and put away their egos and be nice to the suspects, no matter how hard that is. Remember, you have to stay focused on the goal. You want to get the confession from the suspect and a conviction in court. Remember the old saying, “He who laughs last, laughs best;” it can be so true when it comes to getting confessions, solving cases, and putting bad guys behind bars.

Know the Case I think the number one thing an investigator can do when confronting suspects involved in serious crimes is to not rush w w w.f b i n a a.o r g

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Talk

Let Them into confronting the suspects in an attempt to get a confession and solve the case. Before confronting the suspects, good investigators do their homework. By knowing the case inside and out, you have the advantage of knowing when a suspect is lying about his or her involvement or what he or she may have witnessed. • Read all of the reports and gather all of the known facts prior to going into the interview. • Know what crime(s) have been committed and what you’re investigating. • Have a game plan and know the ultimate goal of your investigation: search warrants, interviews, photos, and what you need to get a conviction. • Write out your questions prior to the interview.

pect, but the onset of the interview is not the appropriate time.

The Power of Respect As an investigator, there will be times when you’ll need to get right in the face of a suspect, confront him with his own lies and the facts. Every so often you might get lucky with this approach and have a suspect confess. However, for the number of times this confrontational approach works, there are more than triple the amount when it doesn’t. More often than not, the “honey” approach will get the confession. The confrontational approach may work with some juveniles when they’re

fessional working hard to do your job. Therefore, be professional at all times. By demonstrating to suspects that you’re a professional, you put the pressure on them. They’ll be reminded they’re being questioned by the police and not one of their buddies off the street. This doesn’t give them time to relax, which allows them time to formulate their thoughts, which can lead to denials and lies. Oftentimes I see young officers trying hard to buddy up with suspects, mistakenly believing suspects will confess because they like them or because they can relate to them. This kind of thinking is flawed, for it allows the suspect to use this imagined friendship to his or her advantage, eventually letting the suspect manipulate the young officer. As an investigator it’s imperative that

When investigating a serious crime and approaching the suspects for the first time, don’t get confrontational with them no matter how much you want to. Be nice to them, give them the impression you want to hear what they have to say. Treat them with respect. Start off by introducing yourself. Rather than trying to play sneaky peaky with them, tell them what you’re investigating and why you want to talk to them. The suspects already know exactly why they are sitting in front of you and what you want. If the suspect immediately starts to talk and tells you she is innocent and had nothing to do with the crime, tell her, “That’s great and that’s exactly why I wanted to talk to you today.” Let her know it’s important for you to hear what she has to say and you need to get her side of the story. Explain to her that as it stands right now, you only have one side of what happened and it’s important for you to know all the facts. Keep reiterating to her that what she has to say is very important to you and you want to hear everything she has to say. The absolute worst thing an investigator can do when initially making contact with a suspect is to immediately tell the suspect he’s lying, that you already know the truth about what happened, and that you don’t want to listen to any of his lies. If you know the truth, keep it to yourself, as this is your strength as an investigator. When the time is right you can confront the sus-

PHOTO: MARK W. CLARK

Killing with Kindness

being confronted by the police for the first time at an MIP party. But it isn’t going to work on someone who has been arrested before, who has previously experienced the justice system, and who may have subsequently spent some time in prison. If you try a confrontational approach on experienced criminals they’ll either immediately shut down or request to speak to their attorneys. I have found that in order to get a confession from a suspect, that suspect must respect me as a police officer and as a professional investigator. You must impress upon suspects that as an investigator, you’re not going away until you’ve obtained all the facts and the case is solved. Suspects must see you as a pro-

you watch how you act and what you say around suspects. Remember, the suspects are sizing you up, just as you’re watching and evaluating them. Many times throughout my career, I’ve had suspects tell me after an interview or after the case is over that they may not have liked me and what I represent, but they respected me as an investigator because of the way I treated them and my professionalism while dealing with them.

Using Their Lies So many times cases could have been solved and confessions obtained if the officer would have been less confrontational with the suspect in the early stages of the interview. The confrontation

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should come after you’ve documented the suspects’ lies and have gathered the evidence necessary to prove their statements are false. Many times this won’t happen until the second or third interview with a suspect. After you’ve made the introductions and built rapport and you’re ready to start questioning the suspect, let him talk. Let him tell you all of his lies. Act interested, like you believe the lies or whatever he’s telling you. The more lies a suspect tells you, the better off it’ll eventually be for your case because it’ll make it that much more difficult for him to explain away the lies. The lies suspects tell you during the initial stages of the interview become critical later on when you’re in court and they have to defend their statements. Even their defense attorneys will have a difficult time defending their lies. Suspects who give you false statements and make up lies won’t be able to back them up with any credible facts or evidence. When suspects make false statements and tell lies it’s to give them quick, albeit temporary, relief from being questioned. They’re hoping you’ll go away.

to jail for giving a false statement and obstructing your investigation, most associates of criminals won’t protect their friends. They’ll tell you the truth. A short time ago I sat in on a suspect interview involving a 70-year-old woman who had been involved in a homicide that occurred more than 22 years ago. One of the suspects in the murder was an old associate of the woman who was now serving a life sentence in Ohio for another murder he had committed. The suspect who was in prison had found religion and decided to confess. He sent a letter to the local sheriff’s office saying where he’d buried the victim’s body, which was eventually recovered. Even though we knew going into the interview that the 70-year-old woman was a suspect, that the murder had taken place in her residence, and that the body was buried in her backyard, we approached her as if we knew nothing of the murder. The interview began with us asking her about a report of a missing person—the victim—who’d been living at her residence in the 1970s. The woman gave a big explanation of what happened and how she’d come home one day

The absolute worst thing an investigator can do when initially making contact with a suspect is to immediately tell the suspect he’s lying. Which may happen, but their lies will come back to haunt them. Depending on the case, it’s sometimes better to take a suspect’s statement, giving him the impression you believe what he’s saying, end the interview, and let him walk out the door. Many times when you interview a suspect for the second time, review his previous statement, and ask him for an explanation as to why you haven’t been able to corroborate his statement, it’ll become evident to the suspect that he’s getting caught up in his own lies. But it’ll be too late for him to change his statement, because he will have already committed himself. Sometimes you might interview a suspect two or three times before she realizes you know she’s lying. Once the realization that she’s “hanged” herself by telling so many lies that will never get corroborated, she’ll likely cooperate and ultimately confess. For example, if a suspect tells you she was at a friend’s house at 0200 hours when the crime was committed, your next interview is with the friend. When the friend is confronted on the statement and it comes down to going

to find the victim missing, and she’d just assumed at that time that he’d decided to move back to California. During the interview we let the woman ramble on with her statement without interrupting her but every so often we would stop her to ask her a clarifying question. A week later we met again with the woman so that we could clarify some of her statements, thereby tying her down even tighter to her previous statements. By having the woman reiterate to us her original statement and even expand on some of the facts, we made it even harder for her to recant or change what she had already said to us. But most of all, it didn’t allow her the opportunity to accuse the interviewer of misunderstanding what she had previously stated during the interview. By the third interview, we confronted her with her own statements, telling her that we could prove her story was a lie and that it was time for her to tell us the truth about what really happened. At this point the woman had dug herself so deep into a hole, she could not get out. She realized she only had two choices: keep lying to us or confess the truth about the mur-

der. She finally broke down, started to cry, and confessed. When interviewing suspects who start giving statements filled with lies, do not interrupt them. Let them continue to tell you their lies because the more lies they tell the better. Letting the suspect lie during an interview is particularly useful when investigating cold cases. Many departments across the nation are investigating cold cases involving homicides and rapes that occurred years ago. When the DNA evidence obtained from the crime scene is entered into CODIS, sometimes the investigators get a hit on an offender profile that’s already in the system. When an investigator confronts the suspect for an interview, it’s crucial to not get confrontational with him at this time. If you ask the suspect if he ever met the victim, had a friendship or sexual relationship with the victim, or if he has ever been to the victim’s house, and the suspect denies all of these possibilities, you immediately know he’s lying. His DNA was at the scene of the crime or on the victim. A proper interview in a cold case investigation is crucial, and a suspect’s lies are the next best thing to a confession. However, if you get confrontational with a suspect too soon and you reveal the DNA evidence—the ace up your sleeve— too soon, you risk the suspect coming back and saying, “Oh, yeah, I now remember that I did meet her at a party. She took me to her house and we had ‘consensual’ sex.” This allows a suspect the opportunity to provide an explanation as to why his DNA was found at the scene or on the victim, which could provide reasonable doubt. When interviewing suspects, act professional, be prepared, read all the reports, be aware of the facts, have a plan, and know what you need to get from the interview before confronting the suspect. When you meet the suspect for the first time, build rapport, don’t interrupt, document the lies, confirm the lies, and pin the suspect to his or her story. And always remember you catch more flies with honey than you do with vinegar. ■ F B I N A A Lyman T. Moores II is currently at the FBI Academy, Session 248, and will be graduating March 15, 2012. He has served 24 years with the Clallam County Sheriff’s Office (CCSO), and supervises the Criminal Investigations Bureau (major crimes). Lyman has held positions within CCSO as field deputy, K-9 handler, and patrol sergeant. w w w.f b i n a a.o r g

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Can the Public Trust Personal Portable Breath Testers? A proliferation of inexpensive personal portable breath test (PPBT) devices is available to consumers. These devices typically range from $9.99 to $99.99 and are widely available on the Web, through catalogs, and even in local stores. The use of these devices by bar and restaurant patrons in making decisions about whether they can safely operate a motor vehicle after drinking and about their ability to have “one more for the road” is a concern for many police chiefs, sheriffs, and highway safety officials. These officials believe that a lack of data on the accuracy of these devices limits their opportunity to provide advice to drinkers and beverage licensees on the risks associated with them. To examine the question whether the use of personal portable breath test devices to make next drink and/or driving after drinking decisions is appropriate, the author collaborated with the National Alcoholic Beverage Control Association and the Institute of Police Technology and Management (IPTM) to test a random sample of the devices for accuracy and usability during Standard Field Sobriety Test training “wet labs.”

The Experiment

> The field tests commonly include the

one-leg stand, the walk and turn, and the horizontal gaze nystagmus. In conducting field test training, IPTM uses volunteer drinkers in a wet lab environment to provide intoxicated subjects. For this evaluation program, 32 commonly available PPBT devices were purchased through retail channels. Almost all of the devices had packaging that noted the products received FDA 510(k) clearance or U.S. Department of Transportation—National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) approval as an alcohol-screening device, yet none of the devices tested were listed on the DOT Website as approved devices. Also, no listing for FDA 510(k) clearance devices was found. During the wet labs, volunteer drinkers consumed alcoholic beverages until their blood alcohol content (BAC) level was in the 0.08% to 0.10% range. Each participant was then instructed to utilize each of the assigned PPBTs immediately after the midpoint and endpoint baseline wet lab breath tests. The breath test stan-

dard was obtained with a properly calibrated Intoxilizer 8000 operated by an experienced breath test operator. The volunteers used each of their assigned PPBT devices within 10 minutes of obtaining their baseline alcohol content results.

Deviation and Exaggeration

> Each of the 32 PPBT devices deviated

from the Intoxilizer 8000 results, some considerably. The average BAC for all devices tested was 0.125%g while the baseline BAC, as determined by the Intoxilizer, for the drinkers was 0.090%g. This represented a positive overall deviation of 0.035%g. At first glance, this deviation, while representing a significant error, seems like a good thing. The error informed the drinkers that their BAC results were considerably higher than they actually were. This could result in the drinkers making the decision to discontinue alcohol consumption before becoming a risk to themselves and others.

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Unfortunately, not all of the devices overestimated intoxication. Some misled the test subjects to believe they were far more sober than they actually were. Device deviations ranged from 0.03%g to 0.47%g BAC. Some 56% of the devices overstated intoxication while 44% underrepresented intoxication. Considering that several devices reflected a 0.03%g BAC while their actual BAC was 0.09%g suggests that many of these types of devices could actually encourage drinkers to continue to consume alcohol even when their actual BAC is above the presumptive level of intoxication. Eleven of the 32 devices, or more than one-third of the PPBT devices, reflected a test result lower than the baseline device. The implications of these results is that with 11 of these devices, drinkers would incorrectly believe that their BAC is lower than it actually is and that could lead to additional alcohol con-

Some drinkers buy these devices to determine if they are sober enough to drive, but tests show they may be misled. MARK WILLINGHAM

sumption or poor decisions concerning the operation of a motor vehicle.

Price and Quality

Operating Technology

tained for the study ranged in cost from $9 to $260. And as might be expected, preliminary results suggest that the purchase price correlates to accuracy, at least to a limited degree. Two devices varied only 0.002g% BAC from the Intoxilizer 8000 results. These PPBTs cost $150 and $200, respectively. However, some lower-priced devices performed almost as well and several higher-priced units did not perform as well. Cost alone was not a determinate of expected result accuracy. However, the more expensive devices, those priced at more than $180, did not substantially underestimate BAC level.

of the portable breath testing devices used in this evaluation identified their operating technology on their packaging or in the instructions. Most featured either semiconductor oxide sensors or fuel cell technology. In general, the fuel cell-based devices were more expensive than the semiconductor-based devices. The fuel cell-based devices also displayed less variance from the baseline BAC levels than the semiconductor-based devices. However, there was sufficient variance in the results of both sensor types to suggest that neither technology would be useful in making next drink or driving after drinking decisions.

> The portable breath testing devices ob- > Most

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Can the Public Trust Personal Portable Breath Testers?

The top chart on this page shows that results from devices 4, 29, and 31 are outliers in determining the mean differential variance between sensor types and the baseline device. These three PPBT devices varied from the baseline by 0.383g%, 0.252g%, and 0.378g%, respectively. With such variances, a drinker with an actual BAC level of 0.10g% would be reflected as 0.352g% or higher. Without including these outliers in the data set, the semiconductor-based PPBT devices averaged 0.030289g% BAC variance from the baseline and the fuel cell-based devices averaged 0.023333g% BAC variance. Mean variances based on sensor type are reflected in the chart on page 19.

Poor Indicators

> Several of the devices displayed results

with a combination of green, yellow, and red LEDS. These devices, in general, were the most inexpensive and had the highest rate of failure to operate. They were calibrated to indicate a threshold level of 0.05g% BAC and not 0.08%g, the threshold limit for intoxication presumption used in the United States. While it is possible that some drinkers might understand the distinction, a

0.05g% BAC threshold might serve an additional public safety benefit by indicating to a drinker that he or she should not consume additional alcohol while at a BAC level below the presumptive level and at a threshold where the drinker would already be a risk to themselves and others. But these devices were generally not accurate in depicting BAC levels. Their use probably should be limited to simply determining the presence of beverage alcohol.

ENDPOINT DEVIATION FROM STANDARD BASED ON DEVICE COST 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 $9 $18 $26 $44 $62 $94 $125 $140 $156 $172 $187 $206 $224 $242 $260

This graph reflects how different the PPBT devicesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; results were from those of the baseline instrument based on device cost.

ENDPOINT VARIANCE BASED ON SENSOR TYPE 0.6 0.4

Following Instructions

> Most of the devices came with instruc-

tions that specified an amount of time the drinker should wait after consuming beverage alcohol before using the device. Unfortunately, very few users seem to read the instructions. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s also unlikely that drinkers will wait the prescribed 20 minutes before checking their BACs with the device and before making a next purchase or drive after drinking decision. In addition, only a limited few devices offered instructions that explained to the user that his or her BAC level would continue to rise for 30 to 45 minutes after last consumption and that the BAC reading, even if it

0.2 0 -0.2

Semi-conductor

Fuel Cell

The PPBTs tested use two sensor types, semiconductor sensors or fuel cell technology. This chart shows how much the results of devices with each type of sensor deviated from the baseline.

were taken 20 minutes after last alcohol consumption, would be inaccurate as the BAC level rose.

Risk Factors

> Personal portable breath test devices

are commonly used by drinkers to make next drink decisions and to make driving after drinking decisions. These decisions appear to be based on an expectation that the PPBT devices are accurate. Drinker expectations of PPBT accuracy seem largely based on the information contained on the product packaging. Presumptions of accuracy may also be subjectively based on purchase price, with the user assuming more expensive devices are more accurate. The PPBT devices tested were generally found to be inaccurate and inappropriate for drinker intoxication selfassessment. While several devices were quite accurate and reported drinker BAC levels within 0.002g% of the benchmark breath test device results, most of the devices presented significant variances from the benchmark. The high variance could lead drinkers to believe that they are not intoxicated when in fact they are a risk to themselves and others. The devices that utilized colored LED lights to indicate BAC levels, when they actually worked, were highly inaccurate. Because of this, the devices that relied solely on colored LED lights would only be useful to detect the presence of beverage alcohol and should not be used for quantification. Each of these devices used a 0.05g% level to indicate intoxication. This is the standard in much of Europe and Canada. Using a threshold level

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ENDPOINT MEAN VARIANCE FROM STANDARD BASED ON SENSOR TYPE CONTROLLING FOR OUTLIERS

DeSantis Didn’t Invent Concealment, We Just Perfected It!

0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0

MSRP

$ 1

Semi-conductor

Fuel Cell

Style 113

Flex-Tuk™

Eliminating extreme results, or outliers, shows more clearly the trend in how devices’ results deviated from the baseline based on sensor type.

of 0.05g% instead of 0.08g% could be confusing to drinkers in the United States. Many of the study participants complained that the operating instructions were not easily understood. It appeared that the instructions for several devices were poorly translated from Chinese into English. The operating procedures for other devices were found to be overly complicated, requiring operators to depress several buttons in a prescribed order and for a specific duration before the device would operate. Instruction confusion and difficulty in operation may discourage drinkers from using the products even when the devices may provide some benefit. This is especially true when the user’s BAC is approaching 0.08g%. Most of the devices suggest the owner return the PPBT for calibration every six months to a year. It is unlikely that many owners would return the devices for calibration as suggested, possibly resulting in greater inaccuracies. With only a few exceptions, the written instructions did not advise the drinker that their BAC level would continue to rise for 30 to 45 minutes after consuming their last alcoholic beverage. This information is critical, and its absence could lead a drinker to believe that the BAC level displayed by the unit was in fact the level upon which they should make their decision to drive or to have another alcoholic beverage. The PPBT devices tested were selected at random and obtained through retail channels. While DOT/NHTSA publishes a list of approved devices, it is unlikely that many prospective purchasers would search the DOT/NHTSA Website to identify devices to purchase. ■ F B I N A A Maj. Mark Willingham served with the Florida Division of Alcoholic Beverages for 30 years where he policed and regulated the alcoholic beverage industry. He currently provides consultation and expert witness testimony concerning the responsible service of alcoholic beverages.

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Truth, Justice, and the

AMERICAN WAY “REMEMBER THIS SUIT CAN’T MAKE YOU FLY; ONLY SUPERMAN CAN FLY.” That was the warning printed in bright yellow along the bottom of the Superman costume I received on my fifth birthday. Back then every child knew that Superman was “faster than a speeding bullet, more powerful than a locomotive, able to leap tall buildings in a single bound!” That’s what we were all told as we watched the opening theme of the weekly “Adventures of Superman” television show, broadcast in wonderful black and white. To this day, a strong desire to fight for truth, justice, and the American way in the model of Superman is perhaps the first prerequisite for being an American police officer. That’s true even for young officers who never saw the black-andwhite version of Superman and never heard that opening theme. In the anonymous poem “When God Made Police Officers,” God and an angel discuss the necessary attributes of a police officer. God says, “A police officer has to be able to run five miles through alleys in the dark, scale walls, enter homes the health inspector wouldn’t touch, and not wrinkle his uniform. He has to be able to sit in an undercover car all day on a stakeout, cover a homicide scene that night, canvass the neighborhood for witnesses, and testify in court the next day. He has to be in top physical condition at all times, running on black coffee and half-eaten meals, and he has to have six pairs of hands.” The poem continues with God talking about some of the other models of police officers that he has produced. “I already have a model that can talk a 250-pound

drunk into a patrol car without incident and feed a family of five on a civil service paycheck.” He adds, “It can tell you the elements of a hundred crimes; recite Miranda warnings in its sleep; detain, investigate, search, and arrest a gang member on the street in less time than it takes five learned judges to debate the legality of the stop.” God also explains to the angel the psychological traits essential to a law enforcement officer. He tells the angel that the officer needs to have a sense of humor and emotional control. Then he explains why: “He can deal with crime scenes painted in hell, coax a confession from a child abuser, comfort a murder victim’s family, and then read in the daily paper how law enforcement isn’t sensitive to the rights of criminal suspects.” The angel tells God that the officer model has been packed too full and is leaking from his eyes. God tells her the leak is actually a tear. “It’s for bottledup emotions, for fallen comrades, for commitment to that funny piece of cloth called the American flag, for justice.” Does this poem describe what American society demands of its law enforcement officers? Is this what law enforcement demands of itself? Do both expect too much? Personal experience in countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union and other countries governed by totalitarian regimes makes it clear to me that certain societies expect only the least from their law enforcement. They expect corruption and graft. They expect punishment, not protection. What else could the people in these countries expect based on their decades of experi-

Ross L. Riggs

ence with corrupt but all-powerful law enforcement officials? Some subcultures within our own society also base their expectations of American law enforcement either on their own negative experiences or on preconceived expectations. Many of these preconceived expectations are planted by misrepresentations in the media. It seems the cards are stacked against law enforcement. If society expects the greatest of attributes, the street cop cannot measure up. If society expects corruption and

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YOU HAVE TO BECOME A

SUPER COP;

SOCIETY DEMANDS NOTHING LESS.

brutality, any moral and professional officer is either quashed by his peers or by the attitudes of the culture. Such has been the case in America since the tumultuous 1960s, but perhaps the 21st century has brought a change. Perhaps there is, now in America, a turning of the tide. Not only is there a revival of patriotism in the United States, it seems there is a new found respect for those who are willing to place themselves in harmâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s way on behalf of others. America appears to have grown wea-

ry of bashing its heroes and reducing its centurions to pawns. All across the U.S., banners welcoming home individual soldiers fly proudly along the main streets. That desire to have someone to look up to, someone for whom respect has been long overdue, has also now been bestowed upon the ranks of law enforcement. The average citizen, not the one that the cop arrests so frequently that he or she knows the family on sight, but the man and woman living in an average house, along an average street, rais-

ing average kids has come to realize for what it is that the thin blue line stands. This individual American knows that he owes something to law enforcement officers for all those nights that he goes to sleep in safety and awakes to a home left undisturbed through the night. Americans truly want their police to be the best equipped, trained, and prepared. More importantly, the officers on the street desire the same. Seldom do police levies fail when the department is able to show that it has the need and, of particular importance

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to the voting citizen, that the department will give a good return on the dollar. As true as it is that the citizens of America desire to give respect and honor to those who stand watch day and night over them, it is no free ride. Americans will not tolerate slovenly police tactics from officers or leaders. Neither will professional cops tolerate such blight against their honor. American society wants nothing less than the finest law enforcement in the world. Being the finest is what American cops must demand from themselves. One thing is certain. The officers on the street today, striving for professionalism and winning citizen approval, will one day be retired and the baton passed to a new generation of officers. For all of the effort, training, education, and experience that goes into making fine police officers, their number of effective years on the job goes by much more quickly than anyone might imagine. Just ask the retired officers how quickly their time behind the badge went.

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Truth, Justice, and the AMERICAN WAY

Can this generation just expect the next to have the same desire for professional standing in their communities? Any officer that has not suffered the slings and arrows of the days of disrepute may cherish less the current good will of the citizenry. What is not appreciated is not nurtured. That which is not nurtured dies. The challenge is for senior officers to

discard their poor attitudes, which may be egocentrically focused on their shorttimer calendars. Instead, they must devote themselves to helping the next generation of officers behind them build on the strong foundation now laid. Whether it is through professional associations such as the FBINAA or local training opportunities, the focus must be on finding better ways to communicate to future law enforcement professionals the lessons of history. Too much has been gained to allow it to be quickly lost. A quote by an unknown author sums up well the spirit of law enforcement: â&#x20AC;&#x153;We did not become the men that we are because we were soldiers or cops but became soldiers and cops because of the men we are.â&#x20AC;? â&#x2013; F B I N A A Dr. Ross Riggs is the director of Security Consulting Investigations, LLC, former chief of the Louisville (Ohio) Police Department, and an honor graduate of the Air Force Security Police Training School at Lackland Air Force Base.

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MESSAGE FROM OUR CHAPLAIN

B I L LY G I B S O N

Forgive Yourself COME TO TERMS WITH YOUR PAST TRANSGRESSIONS TO MOVE ON AND FULLY EMBRACE LIFE.

O YOU HAVE ANY SKELETONS IN YOUR CLOSET? You know what I mean. Are there things in your life you would prefer not be known by your spouse, family members, friends, or fellow officers? I think it’s safe to say that most of us fit in that category. There are things that we have done, said, and probably thought about doing that we really wish had never happened. Some may be minor and would only result in a little embarrassment if they were known, while others may have serious implications. They could severely damage relationships, destroy friendships, jeopardize our employment, and possibly result in legal action. We live with the knowledge of what we have done, said, or thought about doing and know that someday we will have to face the consequences of those actions. I have seen the damage that can be done when skeletons come out of the closet and many of us live with the reality and fear that the same thing could possibly happen to us. In such cases the persons involved often seek forgiveness for whatever they have done or said. Forgiving is not always an easy thing to do. When you have been betrayed or rejected by others, especially by those you love and trust, the hurt and pain runs deep. Yet, if you are to live up to the expectations of the Christian faith, forgiveness must be an integral part of your life. In Matthew 6:9–30, (commonly known as the Lord’s Prayer) Jesus tells us in verses 9–14, “forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. For if you forgive men where they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you.” Forgiving others is a topic I have explored in depth in previous messages and is certainly an important part of the Christian faith and walk with God. However, there is a forgiveness that runs deep in our lives that is just as important as forgiving others: our inability to forgive ourselves. I’m sure you can recall certain incidents such as the first time you allowed your child to go on a ski trip, on an overnight camping trip, or maybe just a trip to the beach. You thought, “If anything happens to him or her I could never forgive myself.” Does this sound familiar? There are many things that happen to everyone in life that cause hurt, shame, and guilt. You may have let someone down or said hurtful words to your spouse or children. It may be something more traumatic such as a marriage you feel you could have saved ending in divorce or being involved in a serious automobile accident in which someone was seriously injured or killed. Let’s face it; sometimes the most difficult person to forgive is yourself.

Self-condemnation is a very destructive force in many people’s lives today. If you think about it, a self-directed unforgiving spirit is just as detrimental as holding a grudge against someone else. You have a tendency to replay old mistakes and renew your experience with painful and humiliating emotions. Sometimes you attempt to escape your guilt by simply avoiding it, without actually dealing with it. At other times you may feel undeserving and unworthy because of your past failures. Whatever the case, a pattern of self-condemnation leaves you with a feeling of uncertainty that prevents you from feeling the confidence, contentment, and joy that come with full forgiveness. These skeletons can cause you to berate yourself and feel that what you did is so bad that you simply cannot forgive yourself. If you are not careful and keep on this path you’ll end up in a prison of your own making. I can find no better example of self-forgiveness than the apostle Peter. On the night of Jesus’s betrayal, He predicted that Peter, one of his most loyal and dedicated disciples, would deny him three times before the rooster crowed. In Matthew 26:33 “Peter replied, ‘Even if all fall away on account of you, I never will.” In verse 35 he went on to say, “Even if I have to die with you, I will never disown you.” We know the rest of the story. Peter denied Jesus three times as predicted. Can you imagine the guilt that Peter lived with? But Peter later discovered the secret to overcoming failure and sin. He accepted God’s forgiveness, allowing him to forgive himself and go on to be a faithful servant. Only through God’s love and forgiveness can you release your guilt and choose to forgive yourself. ■ F B I N A A

I have seen the damage that can be done when skeletons come out of the closet and many of us live with the reality and fear that the same thing could possibly happen to us.

Billy Gibson

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STAYING ON THE YELLOW BRICK ROAD

J OHN G . VAN V OR S T

Fitness Flashback: The 10 x 10 THIS OLDIE BUT GOODIE CIRCUIT TRAINING WORKOUT SLOWLY BUILDS TO INCORPORATE MULTIPLE REPETITIONS OF A WIDE RANGE OF EXERCISES.

imple but not easy, the rigorous “10 x 10” represents a circuit training paradigm that offers endless possibilities. Circuit training can significantly increase your work capacity and general physical preparedness while improving body composition. I’m going to credit Steve Mellor, the elder statesman amongst the health and fitness instructors here at Quantico, for popularizing the featured workout described here. As with most things in the fitness industry, it’s not a new concept, but don’t discount its effectiveness. If you’re a recent graduate of the National Academy, I’m preaching to the choir. This article will highlight one of the Academy’s most popular, and dreaded, physical training sessions. The “10 x 10” has an ascending pyramid structure that consists of 10 total rounds, but begins with a single exercise. After performing the first exercise for the desired number of repetitions or total time, you start adding one more exercise with each round. By round 10, you’ll perform 10 exercises in a row for the desired amount of time or pre-determined number of repetitions. Below is a sample “10 x 10” for general fitness using three constants: your body weight, gravity, and the ground. • Round 1: Body Weight Squats • Round 2: Squats + Dive-bombers (See Figures 1 & 2) • Round 3: Squats + Dive-bombers + Bent-Over Shoulder Raise Combo (Row, Rotate, and Press your Arms) • Round 4: Add Mountain Climbers • Round 5: Add Toe Touches (See Figures 3 & 4) • Round 6: Add Skater Hops (Lateral Bounds) • Round 7: Add Shoulder Bridge-to-Victory Raise (See Figures 5 & 6) • Round 8: Add Rotational Pushups (Pushup to Side Plank)

1 Dive-bomber Start: From the top of the pushup position, raise your hips toward the sky while lowering your head down between your arms. Try to keep your legs straight.

4 Toe Touches Finish: While re-distributing your weight to one hand and the opposite foot, raise the now free arm and leg toward your midline. Alternate the arm/ leg raises for balance.

• Round 9: Add 45-degree Lunges • Round 10: Add Burpees (Squat-Thrust-Jumps) This sample “10 x 10” is not designed to focus on any one specific movement and will not improve your specific endurance, but that’s not the point. The sequence purposely bounces around from upper body to lower body to combination exercises. Your body position changes from standing to supine to prone, integrating all three planes of motion (forward and back, side to side, and rotation). To determine your volume of exercise, keep things simple and easy to remember by performing 10 repetitions for each exercise. That means you will finish with a grand total of 100 squats, 90 dive-bombers, 80 shoulder raise combos, 70 mountain climbers, etc. But this is only one example of a 10x10. You can tailor this workout to your own needs and preferences. To increase the tempo, try performing each exercise for 10 seconds and flow quickly from drill to drill. If you have access to physical training equipment, your exercise options obviously increase. If you want to bias the circuit more toward certain fitness components, change up the exercises accordingly. You are only limited by your imagination. Have fun with it and get to work! ■ F B I N A A John G. Van Vorst is a Health & Fitness Instructor within the Physical Training Unit at the FBI Academy. He holds a master’s degree in exercise physiology and is certified by the American College of Sports Medicine, the National Academy of Sports Medicine and the National Strength and Conditioning Association. He also serves as a defensive tactics instructor for the FBI New Agents Training program. John.vanvorst@ic.fbi.gov

2 Dive-bomber Finish: Using a parabolic motion, lower your torso down toward the ground. Finish with your chest up, and back and elbows extended. Return to the start position by reversing the parabolic motion, or simply raise your hips back up.

5 Shoulder Bridge-to-Victory Raise Start: Lie down on your back with your knees bent. Extend one leg straight out while using the other leg to raise your hips off of the ground. Reach your arms overhead as you bridge up onto your shoulders.

3 Toe Touches Start: From a seated position on the floor, press up into a “crab-walk” position using both hands and feet. Try to keep your hips high off of the ground.

6 Shoulder Bridge-to-Victory Raise Finish: Lower your hips and raise your torso off of the ground by flexing your abdomen and hips, reaching for the toes of your extended leg. Alternate the legs for balance.

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