Asian Architecture

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. ~ Our Common Future, The Brundtland Commission

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

Research Title

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE OF THE

SUSTAINABILITY

MATERIALS USED IN PHASE 1 AND PHASE 2 AT

BELUM RAINFOREST RESORT.

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

Research Questions 1.

What makes a material “sustainable�?

2.

What are the materials used in Phase 1 and Phase 2?

3.

How does the placement of materials contribute towards its sustainability in Belum Rainforest Resort?

4.

How effective are the materials used in terms of sustainability in Phase 1 and Phase 2?

5.

What improvement could be done in terms of the selection and modification of the materials in Belum Rainforest Resort to becoming more sustainable?

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

Methodology

Site Visit

Literature Review

Belum Rainforest Resort

Sustainable architecture

First hand experience

Embodied energy

Pictorial documentation

Materials’ properties

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

Introduction

Phase 1

Phase 2

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

1. What makes a material “sustainable�?

What is sustainability?

Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space .

EMBODIED ENERGY

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (L.C.A.)

Total energy required for extraction, processing, manufacture and delivery of building materials to the building site.

A technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from-cradle-to-grave

Energy consumption produces CO2, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions

(i.e., from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling).

Embodied energy is an indicator of the overall environmental impact of building materials and systems.

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

2. What are the materials used in Phase 1 and Phase 2?

Phase 1

• Timber • •

Bamboo Brick

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

2. What are the materials used in Phase 1 and Phase 2?

Phase 2

• Concrete •

• •

Aluminum

SHERA Rammed earth wall Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

3. How does the placement of materials contribute towards its sustainability in Belum Rainforest Resort?

Materials’ properties:

Physical Chemical Mechanical

•

Weight

•

Compressive strength

•

Tensile strength

•

Thermal conductivity

•

Thermal capacity

Durability

•

Air permeability

Service life span

•

Vapor permeability

•

Moisture regulating quality

•

Thermal conductivity – Heat capacity

Pollution potential

•

Linear coefficient of thermal expansion

Ecological risks

•

Corrosion Resistance

Workability

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

3. How does the placement of materials contribute towards its sustainability in Belum Rainforest Resort?

3 phases of building material life cycle: Recycle Reuse

Pre-Building Phase Manufacture

Building Phase

Post-Building Phase

Use

Disposal

• Extraction

• Construction

• Recycling

• Processing

• Installation

• Reuse

• Packaging

• Operation

• Shipping

• Maintenance

Waste

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

3. How does the placement of materials contribute towards its sustainability in Belum Rainforest Resort?

Phase 1 (Timber) Trees - absorb carbon dioxide and replenish oxygen levels in the environment Minor processing Light and easy to handle - performs favorably in terms of energy use in transportation and construction

Phase 2 (Concrete) Durable, longer service life span High heat capacity (thermal mass) • reduction in the need for heat generation • reductions in the production of CO2 Recycling of concrete to enable it to be used for other building requirements once a building has been decommissioned

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

4. How effective are the materials used in terms of sustainability in Phase 1 and Phase 2?

Sustainability

Environmental

Natural resource consumption Efficiency in extraction, manufacturing and construction input energy Local materials - transportation energy impacts Manufacture and construction waste Renewable/Recyclable

Sustainability

Economic

Building’s flexibility and adaptability Energy efficiency – output energy (i.e HVAC system)

Sustainability

Durability – longevity

Properties – thermal mass

Maintenance and cleaning requirements

Performance

Human

Impacts on indoor air quality - VOC emissions, toxicity, flammability Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

5. What improvements could be done in terms of the selection and modification of the materials in Belum Rainforest Resort to becoming more sustainable?

Thermal Modification Timber - replaces the use of chemicals to enhance an inapt wood species performance with heat and steam makes it highly resistant to rot Use certified local timber or recycled timber – recycled timber is available from an increasing range of supplier

Enviroboards

Reduce the use of Portland cement in concrete – manufacture of Portland cement produces greenhouse gases.

Use of blended cements - various amounts of clinker are blended with one or more additives (coal fly ash, slag, silica fume etc.)

• increasing production capacity • reduced greenhouse gas emissions

Vireo Filterpave

Struxure EnGuard Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

Conclusion Responsible for the implications of buildings Design sustainably Be familiar and know about materials in depth Each material is unique in its contribution a more sustainable future New and more technologically advanced material

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

Bibliography 6 Design Differences: Timber Boardwalk vs. Concrete Boardwalk. (n.d.). 6 Design Differences: Timber Boardwalk vs. Concrete Boardwalk. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http://www.permatrak.com/news-events/bid/89876/6-Design-Differences-Timber-Boardwalk-vs-Concrete-Boardwalk A sustainable construction products dilemma: To build with concrete or timber?. (n.d.). CIPD & Management Flexible Distance Learning Courses for HR & Business Professionals. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http:// www.moltraining.co.uk/expert-articles/sustainable-construction-products-dilemma-build-concrete-or-timber Based on Waste: 5 New Sustainable Building Materials. (n.d.). ZING Blog by Quicken Loans. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http:// www.quickenloans.com/blog/sustainable-building-materials Choosing materials for building projects. (n.d.). Choosing materials for building projects. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http ://www.level.org.nz/material-use/choosing-materials/ Composite Railroad Ties | Axion International Recycled Plastic Railroad Ties, I-Beams, Boards, and Marine Pilings. (n.d.). Composite Railroad Ties | Axion International Recycled Plastic Railroad Ties, I-Beams, Boards, and Marine Pilings. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http:// www.axionintl.com/composite-boardwalks.html Sustainable concrete the leading material in sustainable construction. (n.d.). CO2 Emissions. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http://www.sustainableconcrete.org.uk/co2_ Zainul A. N. and Pasquire, C. L. (2005). Delivering sustainability through value management: The concept and performance overview. Engineering Construction and Architectural Management, 12(2), 168 - 180.

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004

Thank you

Asian Architecture [ARC 2234] Feiven Chee 0312004