But Not in Shame: THE SIX MONTHS AFTER PEARL HARBOR
BUT NOT IN SHAME The Six Months After Pearl Harbor
BY JOHN TOLAND
Random House' New York
£!I:
.!
Š Copyright, 1961, by John Toland All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in New York by Random House, Inc., and simultaneously in Toronto, Canada, by Random House of Canada, Limited. Manufactured in the United States of America Maps by Lilli Mautner
Table of Contents AUTHOR'S NOTE PROLOGUE:
PART I
1 2 3 4 5
"With Dangerous and Dramatic Suddenness"
TIMETABLE FOR CONQUEST
"Climb Mt. Niitaka" "Tora. . . Tora. . . Tora" "Tallyho! Bandits Over Clark!" "So, Shoot to Sink" "It Was Such a Beautiful Ship"
PART II
THE DEFENSES CRUMBLE
6 The Death Watches 7 End of Wake 8 Panic 9 Dark Christmas
ix xi
1 3 27 42 57 69
85 87 105 119 128
BATTLE FOR BATAAN
143
10 Roads to Bataan 11 Action at Abucay 12 Retreat 13 The Points and the Pockets
145 158 173 188
PART IV
209
PART III
DEATH OF TWO EMPIRES
14 This Naked Island 15 "These Stout-Hearted Dutchmen" 16 The Battle of Java Sea 17 "Good-bye Till Better Times"
211 235 247 263
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART V
18 19 20 21
" . And I Shall Return" The Good Friday Attack "I Would Rather Die a Thousand Deaths" The Death March
PART VI
22 23 24 25
"THE BATTLING BASTARDS OF BATAAN"
FROM HUMILIATION TO VICTORY
"But Not in Shame" Strange Surrenders "Go in and Get a Hit" The Tum of the Tide
283 285 304 320 335
357 359 374 396 420
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
435
NOTES
438
INDEX
453
List of Maps Retreat to Bataan The Abucay Line The Points and the Pockets Battles for Java The Death March
147
177 191 251 343
Author's Note
Perhaps the most controversial six months in American history started on December 7, 1941. Even now, after almost forty years, many issues of those days are still alive and many others have remained buried because of their highly controversial nature~ Why did Japan declare war on a nation as powerful as the U.S.? Did Roosevelt use Pearl Harbor as bait to lure the Japanese into war? Why was half of MacArthur's air force caught on the ground at Clark Field by Japanese bombers ten hours after Pearl Harbor? Why aid Singapore's vaunted defenses fall apart so abruptly? What caused the crushing Allied defeat in the Battle of Java S~a? Did Roosevelt and Marshall stab MacArthur in the back in the Philippines? What were the true facts behind the two greatest surrenders in American military history, at Bataan and Corregidor? Did the Japanese plan the murder of thousands of American and Filipino prisoners in the "Death March"? What were the mistakes that brought disaster to the Japanese at Midway? This epochal six months also gave birth to a number of myths. Many Americans still believe Captain Colin Kelly sank a Japanese battleship, that thousands of Japanese spies infested Hawaii in 1941, that Major Jimmy Devereux radioed from Wake: SEND US MORE JAPS.
No segment of World War II was more colored by American and British politics than this period of steady, alarming defeats in the Pacific. Consequently the truth was often clouded over by polemic and political expediency. This book attempts to tell what actually happened, to record the stories-some of them untold-of America's most humiliating six months. It is based primarily on hundreds of interviews in eight countries with generals, privates, admirals, seamen, civilians. These included Admirals Kichisaburo Nomura, Raymond Spruance, Chester Nimitz and Frank Jack Fletcher; and Generals Albert Jones, Clifford Bluemel, Minoru Genda and Carlos Romulo. General Akira Nara, after years of silence, told the inside story of the first Japanese breakthrough in Bataan. Former President Sergio Osmefia disclosed at last the mystery of Philippine collaborationists.
x
AUTHOR'S NOTE
General Bradford Chynoweth and Co1onels John Horan and Jesse Traywick uncovered the details of the "strange surrenders" in the Philippines. This book is further based on many new documents and manuscripts. Mrs. Masaharu Homma, for example, finally allowed her husband's diary and last letters to be read. Historians in many parts of the world generously contributed their knowledge. Officials of all the countries involved also helped unravel the tangled web of facts. This book could not have been written without the full cooperation of the U.S. Departments of Defense, Army, Navy and Air Force; the governments of the Republics of the Philippines and China; and Japan's official war historians.
Prologue "WITH DANGEROUS AND DRAMATIC SUDDENNESS"
On December 6, 1941, official Washington circles were waiting for the Tokyo reply to Secretary of State Cordell Hull's strong note of November 26. It could mean continued uneasy peace-or sudden war between Japan and the United States. Tension was highest at the Japanese Embassy on Massachusetts Avenue where the following three-part message had just been received from Foreign Minister Shigenori Togo: 1. THE GOVERNMENT HAS DELIBERATED DEEPLY ON THE AMERICAN PROPOSAL OF THE 26TH OF NOVEMBER AND AS A RESULT WE HAVE DRAWN UP A MEMORANDUM FOR THE UNITED STATES CONTAINED IN MY SEPARATE MESSAGE NO. 902B.
2. TillS SEPARATE MESSAGE IS A VERY LONG ONE. I WILL SEND IT IN FOURTEEN PARTS AND I IMAGINE YOU WILL RECEIVE IT TOMORROW. HOWEVER, I AM NOT SURE. THE SITUATION IS EXTREMELY DELICATE, AND WHEN YOU RECEIVE IT I WANT YOU TO PLEASE KEEP IT SECRET FOR THE TIME BEING.
3. CONCERNING THE TIME OF PRESENTING TillS MEMORANDUM TO THE UNITED STATES, I WILL WIRE YOU IN A SEPARATE MESSAGE. HOWEVER, I WANT YOU IN THE MEANTIME TO PUT IT IN NICELY DRAFTED FORM AND MAKE EVERY PREPARATION TO PRESENT IT TO THE AMERICANS JUST AS SOON AS YOU RECEIVE INSTRUCTIONS.
The steps leading to this fateful day began in the late summer of 1940. Germany had overrun Belgium, Holland and France with ridiculous ease and apparently would soon conquer England. On the other side of the world, Japan was bogged down in her seemingly endless undeclared war on China. Only two great powers in the world were at peace, America and Russia. The U.S. was widely split. The interventionists, led by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, were convinced their country's future and ultimate safety depended on helping the democracies crush the aggres-
xii
"WITH DANGEROUS AND DRAMA TIC SUDDENNESS"
sor nations. Supporting them were the "Bundles for Britain" group and national minorities whose European relatives had suffered at the hands of Hitler and Mussolini. Their more numerous anti-war opponents included strange bedfellows: the "America Firsters" of Charles Lindbergh, Senator Borah and the German-American Bund; the "American Peace Mobilization" of the American Communist and Labor Parties; and the traditionally isolationist Midwest which, though sympathetic to Great Britain and China, wanted no part of a shooting war. When Roosevelt, on September 3, traded fifty old destroyers to the beleaguered British for bases, the more rabid isolationists claimed this was merely a stratagem to lead America into war through the back door. The situation worsened on September 27, when Japan formally joined the Axis. A Tripartite Pact was signed, recognizing "the leadership of Japan in the establishment of a New Order in Greater East Asia," and Hitler arid Mussolini's "New Order in Europe." Each promised to help if one of the others was "attacked by a Power at present not involved in the European war or in the Chinese-J apanese confiict." The pact, by its veiled threat of a two-ocean war, was designed to keep the U.S. neutral. It had the opposite effect. Many Americans hovering indecisively between isolationism and intervention were now forced to agree with Roosevelt that these newly united aggressors were a direct menace to the United States. By March 10, 1941, Roosevelt had gained enough new supporters to pass the Lend-Lease Act. America was at last committed to giving unlimited aid, "short of war," to the enemies of the Axis. She was to be the Arsenal of Democracy. Little more than three months later, on June 22, Hitler shook the world, including his Axis partners, by suddenly invading Russia. This move wrecked the already greatly weakened isolationist movement in the U.S. Instantly the American Peace Mobilization, basically sympathetic to Russia, died, its followers becoming more interventionist than Roosevelt overnight. The attack also caused a great commotion among Japan's ruling circles. One group favored an immediate attack on Siberia, but the Army disagreed. Although most of its key moves in the preceding five years had been dominated by fear of the growing strength of Communism, General Hideki Tojo, war minister in the Konoye Cabinet, felt this was a dangerous adventure. He pressed for a drive toward Southeast Asia-the fabulous storehouse of tin, rubber and oil.
xiii
"With Dangerous and Dramatic Suddenness"
While Hitler was amazing the world with his early victories in Russia, Japan suddenly seized Indo-China on July 25, in a bloodless coup. Now there was only one great power at peace-America. And on July 26, she took a bold step up to the very brink of war when Roosevelt, against the advice of the Navy's planning chief who feared it might lead to early hostilities, froze all Japanese assets in the United States. It was an economic blitzkrieg. At one stroke, the bulk of the flow of oil, the lifeblood of battle, was shut off from Japan. The reaction there was bitter. Japan was a dynamic country of 74,000,000 people crammed into islands whose total area was less than the size of California. Just as every dynamic country before her she felt she must either expand or deteriorate into a poverty-stricken second-class power. Why, argued her leaders, was America being so self-righteous about the China Incident when the Western world, including herself, had been setting the example of plunder in the Orient for a century? Spurred by extremists on both sides, relations between the two countries were quickly approaching a dangerous point. The Japanese military leaders felt the negotiations for agreement being discussed in Washington by Ambassador Kichisaburo Nomura and Secretary of State Hull had less than an even chance of success. They insisted that a definite date of war with America be set. Japan's oil reserves were shrinking dangerously. To solve this problem, an Imperial Conference was called in Tokyo on September 6. At the beginning of the session, Admiral Osami Nagano, chief of the Naval General Staff, solemnly said, "Japan is facing shortages in every field, especially in materials. In a word, Japan is becoming emaciated, while her opponent is growing stronger." Baron Y oshimichi Hara, president of the Privy Council and a leader of Japanese conservative thought, worriedly asked the High Command to clarify the apparent subordination of diplomacy to preparations for war. Suddenly Emperor Hirohito, who had been sitting in traditional silence, spoke. He regretted the Army and Navy hadn't made their attitude fully clear. As the others listened in shocked silence he read an ode written by his grandfather, the Emperor Meiji: When all the earth's oceans are one, Why do the waves seethe and the winds rage?
xiv
"WITH DANGEROUS AND DRAMATIC SUDDENNESS"
"I have always read and appreciated this poem, and kept in my heart the Emperor Meiji's spirit of peace. It has been my wish to perpetuate this spirit." There was a long silence. Nagano rose. "I feel trepidation at the Emperor's censure of the High Command. I assure Your Majesty that the High Command places major importance upon diplomatic negotiations and will appeal to arms only at the last moment." Then an Outline of National Policy was placed before the Conference: Japan should continue to exhaust diplomatic measures to attain her demands; but if these negotiations dragged on inconclusively, war should be declared on the U.S. and Britain. In other words, hope for peace but prepare for war before the end of 1941. The fuse was lit. Only a diplomatic miracle could snuff it out. The talks in Washington between Nomura and Hull continued inconclusively for another month. Hull kept insisting that Japan break with the Axis and withdraw troops from China. In desperation the moderates in Japan suggested a compromise-withdrawal of troops over a period of years. The militarists were adamant. Their spokesman, General Tojo, said, "We can accept no compromise on principle. After all the sacrifices we have made in China the Army won't agree to any withdrawals. Army morale would not survive it." Premier Hidemaro Konoye, a harried man, could no longer control the situation. On October 12, he called his key ministers to an emergency meeting at his home in Tekigaiso. "What hopes do you have of bringing war with the United States and Britain to a close once you begin it?" he asked General Tojo. America, he pointed out, was obviously superior in resources. "There was no certainty of victory in the war with Russia in 1904," replied Tojo, a dynamic and dedicated samurai warrior. "The Premier of Japan should have enough courage to jump off the veranda of the Kiyomizu Temple!" Since this Kyoto temple stood at the edge of a cliff, he meant Prince Konoye should have the courage to take a chance. In four days the ineffectual Konoye resigned. And on October 18 a man of decision was made the new prime minister-Hideki Tojo. The spirit of nationalism never blazed higher. The people of Japan began to believe it was their duty to build a new world based on moral principles. The damage done by Western concepts of individualism and materialism must be undone. It was, they were told over and over again, Japan's destiny to return Asia to the Asians. Two weeks later Joseph Grew, U.S. ambassador to Japan, warned
xv
"With Dangerous and Dramatic Suddenness"
Hull of the explosive atmosphere. Because of their emotional character, he wrote, the Japanese might chance an "all-out, do-or-die attempt, actually risking national hara-kiri. . . . While national sanity dictates against such action, Japanese sanity cannot be measured by American standards of logic. . . . Action by Japan which might render unavoidable an armed conflict with the United States may come with dangerous and dramatic suddenness." On November 26, little more than three weeks after getting this letter, Hull handed a note to Admiral Nomura and Saburo Kurusu, a diplomat recently sent to help the ambassador in the delicate negotiations. It was an answer to a note from Tokyo offering to remove troops from Indo~China if the U.S. would unfreeze Japanese assets and hand over a required quantity of oil. Although Hull offered economic concessions that might well have eventually given Japan everything she needed for national prosperity, he insisted categorically that all troops be withdrawn from China as well as Indo-China. After reading Hull's note, the two Japanese were dismayed. "When we report your answer to our government," said Kurusu, "it will be likely to throw up its hands." After a futile argument with the American, Kurusu said dejectedly, "Your response to our proposal can be interpreted as tantamount to meaning the end. Aren't you interested in a modus vivendi, a truce?" "We have explored that," said Hull. "Is it because other powers would not agree?" asked Kurusu. It was common knowledge in diplomatic circles that China and Great Britain were strongly advising America to take an uncompromising stand with Japan. "I've done my best in the way of exploration," said Hull. The interview was over. The two Japanese returned to their embassy. Nomura knew Tokyo would regard the note as an ultimatum, even though it was by no means that. It would mean the failure of his mission to America. This was the situation on December 6, 1941 as informed circles in Washington awaited Tokyo's answer to Hull's "ultimatum." Early that afternoon, while most of the Japanese staff was attending a luncheon party at the Mayflower Hotel, the long-awaited message began to come in on the Tokyo-Washington circuit. Since this, like all other Japanese messages, was obviously being monitored by U.S. agents, it was in the diplomatic "Purple Code."
xvi
"WITH DANGEROUS AND DRAMATIC SUDDENNESS"
By 3:00 P.M. in another part of Washington, men from the Communications Security Group of the U.S. Division of Naval Intelligence were studying the same message. Theirs was the greatest secret in American military history. Four months previously a team of Army cryptanalysts, led by a retired lieutenant colonel, William F. Friedman, had broken the Purple Code.
Index
Abe, Chief Petty Officer - , 422 Abe, Maj. Gen. Koichi, 157 Ady, Lt. Howard, 409-11 Ah Cheu, 291, 292 Akagi, 406--9, 411-13, 418-21, 428 Akin, Brig. Gen. Spencer, 292 Akiyama, Lt. Col. Monjiro, 198 Aldridge, Col. Edwin, 340, 346, 352 Aleutian Islands, 398-99, 403-7, 424, 427 Allen, Eric, 58 Altman, Pfc. Robert E., 93 Alvarado, Sgt. Lorenzo, 11 Amusategui, Ramon, 432 Anderson, Sgt. Leroy, 193 Aoki, Capt. Taijiro, 421, 428 Aparri, 44, 46, 70, 92-94 Aquino, Lt. Antonio, 121, 122, 200, 201, 332, 333, 339, 345, 352, 353, 395 Aquino, Benigno, 200, 352 Arizona, 32, 34, 36, 38, 421 Arnold, Maj. Gen. Henry, 45 Atienza, Dr. Romeo, 431 Atienza, Maj. Rigoberto, 174, 304-6, 321 Australia, 4, 5, 42, 91, 95, 99, 101, 125, 227, 241, 243, 272-75, 279, 291,294-97,299, 301, 382, 396--98, 402
Bataan, 125, 133, 136, 139, 140, 14649, 151-54, 158-63, 169, 173, 175, 180, 182, 184, 187-89, 201, 202, 206, 281, 286--91, 300, 301, 314, 322, 326, 327, 330, 334, 350, 362, 376, 382 Bean, Lt. Joe M., 93 Beardall, Capt. - , 6 Beattie, Lt. Com. T. T., 32 Bedell, Sgt. Henry, 89, 106 Beebe, Brig. Gen. Lewis C., 290, 325, 372, 373, 376--79 Beeman, Seaman First Class W. L., 272 Bell, Capt. L. H., 65 Bell, Don, 46, 49, 139 Bell, Lt. Lou, 71 Bellinger, Rear Adm. Patrick, 30, 140 Bellows Field, 27, 30, 34 Bennett, Maj. Gen. Gordon, 212,213, 214, 219, 233, 279 Bennion, Capt. Mervyn, 32 Bernacki, Sgt. Frank, 320-22, 336, 350, 431 Berry, Col. K. L., 182, 203, 207, 349 Besbeck, Capt. Louis, 171 Best, Lt. Dick, 420, 422 Bewley, Virginia, 145 Bianchi, Lt. Willibald, 193, 194 Bicknell, Lt. Col. George, 7 Binford, Com. T. H., 254, 256-60, 263, 264, 271, 272 Black, Lt. Col. G. D. R., 129 Babcock, Lt. Col. David, 150 Blackburn, Capt. Donald, 431 BaIiuag, 152 Blake, Maj. Gordon, 34 Barker, Capt. --, 126 Blinn, Lt. Com. Welford, 276, 277 Barkley, Sen. Alben W., 61 Barnes, Boatswain's Mate First Class Bloch, Adm. C. C., 23, 30, 38, 57 Bluemel, Gen. Clifford, 183, 184, 186, -,108 187, 287, 308-19, 324, 325, 330, Barnick, Lt. Roland, 322 347 Barninger, Lt. Clarence, 88, 109
454 Bonnett, Col. Don., 340 Borah, Sen. William E., xii Bostron, Capt. Frank, 296 Bradford, Capt. Bill, 362-64 Brady, Col. Francis, 94 Brady, Lt. Col. Jasper, 308 Brantley, Lt. Hattie, 127, 310, 324 Brereton, Maj. Gen. Lewis, 13, 43-49, 71, 94, 99, 101, 119, 123-24, 125, 244,295 Brett, Lt. Gen. George, 294, 295 Briggs, Ordnanceman 3rd Class Donald,29 Brooke-Popham, Sir Robert, 63 Brooks, Corp. Durward, 51, 52, 55, 156, 388 Brougher, Brig. Gen. William, 193, 195, 344 Brown, Capt. Ernest, 165, 166 Brown, Capt. R. H., 388 Brown, Cecil, 64, 65, 67, 78, 80, 81, 211, 215, 217 Brown, Corp. Robert, 88, 90, 105, 110 Brown, Lt. Harry, 28 Browne, Cecil, 73, 381 Browne, Col. Harrison, 342 Browning, Capt. Miles, 414, 418 Buchmaster, Capt. Elliott, 423 Buehler, Pfc. William, 106 Bulkeley, Lt. John D., 175, 176, 190, 291-94,298 Bunker, Col. Paul D., 374 Buracker, Com. William, 10
Cain, Ensign Elbert, 35 Cain, Gunner T. J., 77, 249, 256 California, 31, 34, 36, 38 Campbell, Col. Alexander, 48 Cape, Sgt. Jack, 345 Capinpin, Brig. Gen. Mateo, 158, 159, 200, 201, 304, 308, 332, 337, 339 Carmichael, Capt. Richard, 34 Carmichael, Maj. R. H., 297 Carr, Sgt. Gerald, 108 Carroll, Sgt. Hubert, 173, 189, 376, 379 Casey, Brig. Gen. Hugh, 91, 152, 154, 292,431
INDEX Castleberry, Corp. Roy, 348 Cave, 2nd. Lt. Glenn, 53 Cemeris, Sgt. John, 116 Champlin, Lt. Malcolm, 73, 74, 13639, 152, 188-90, 194, 286-89 Chanco, Capt. A. P., 159 Chandler, Maj. William, 313 Chappell, SFC, Lawrence, 30 Chappell, Mrs. Lawrence, 30 Chapple, Lt. Wreford, 100, 101 Chase, Lt. William, 409, 411 Chennault, Claire, 54 Christie, Col. Albert, 390-94 Churchill, Winston, 5, 39, 83, 84, 97, 119, 128, 212, 215-21, 235, 240, 244, 433 Chynoweth, Gen. Bradford, 384, 38694,431 Ciano, Count, Galeazzo, 62 Clark, Capt. Golland, Jr., 375 Clark Field, 11, l3, 43-50, 51-55, 60, 70, 71, 92, 93, 151, 158, 335, 336, 431 Collier, Col. James, 323, 327 Collins, Com., 274 Combs, Maj. Cecil, 70 Connor, Pfc. John, 134 Conway, Ted, 29 Cooper, Duff, 83 Cooper, Lt. Com. George, 276, 277 Coral Sea, Battle of, 399-403 Cornell, Col. Theodore, 391 Corregidor, 124, 127, 133, 136, 137, 140, 146, 151, 152, 156, 161, 163, 167, 188, 190, 194, 199-202, 206, 218, 281, 286-91, 297-300, 306, 314, 321, 322, 325, 330, 334, 355, 362-65, 368, 372, 374, 376-83, 389-94 Cothran, Maj. Wade, 327 Crace, Rear Adm. J. G., 400 Crow, Maj. --, 206 Cruz, Pvt. T. J., 129-31 Cummins, Father, 310 Cunningham, Com. Winfield Scott, 103, 109-15 Curtin, John, 212, 215-17 Cushing, Jim, 431 Cushing, Walter, 169, 389, 431
455 Dalley, J. D., 224 Dainess, Capt. Harold, 371, 372 Dalton, Lt. Joseph, 261, 270, 272, 273 Daniels, Jimmy, 58 Davidson, Brig. Gen. Howard, 29 Davis, Eric, 224 Davis, Sgt. Dwaine, 50 Davison, Capt. Maud, 366 Dawkins, Maj. C. B., 219 Delahanty, Sgt. William J., 93 Del Monte Field, 44, 294, 298, 299, 362, 385, 386 Dempsey, Lt. James C., 366 Dennison, Com. R. L., 137 Derrick, Lt. - '-, 154 De Ruyter, 238, 245-48, 250, 254, 255, 256, 259-61 Dessez, Capt. --, 123 Devereux, Maj. James, 11, 87, 88, 102-19 Dixon, Lt. Com. Robert, 400 Dobrinic, Capt. Matt, 310 Domingo, Sgt. --, 145 Donovan, Col. William J., 39 Dooley, Capt. Tom, 52, 189, 288, 289, 307, 375-78 Doolittle, Col. James, 359, 360, 361, 398 Doorman, Rear Adm. Karel W. F. M., 237, 239, 242-63 Draemel, Adm. M. F., 110 Drake, Brig. Gen. Charles, 140, 161 Duckworth, Col. --, 324, 337 Duran, Sgt. David, 351 Dyess, Capt. William E., 49, 195, 196, 348, 354
Earle, Capt. John, 23 Eccles, Com. H. E., 271 Edralin, Father, 299 Eisenhower, Dwight, 95 Electra, 75, 77, 79, 82, 83, 248, 249, 255, 256, 258 Elizalde, Juan, 328 Elliott, Pvt. George E., Jr., 23, 24 Ellis, Capt. Jack, 171 Elrod, Capt. Henry, 89, 111, 115 Elsmore, Lt. Col. - , 295, 300
Index Encounter, 259, 264, 275, 276 Enterprise, 9, 10, 27, 30, 58, 359, 404, 405, 409, 414, 417, 418, 423, 425-29 Eubank, Lt. Col. Eugene, 47, 51, 52, 60, 244 Exeter, 242, 247, 249, 253, 254-55, 260, 263, 264, 275-77 Express, 75, 81, 83
Farrow, Lt. --, 361 Fassoth, Martin, 431 Fassoth, William, 431 Fellows, Capt. Dick, 362 Fenno, Lt. Com. F. W., 194 Fertig, Col. Wendell, 431 Fielder, Lt. Col. Kendall, 7 Fischer, Col. Arthur, 362 Fish, Mr. - , 114 Fisher, Maj. C. R., 64 Fitch, Rear Adm. Aubrey, 110,401 Fleming, Capt. Richard, 428 Fletcher, Adm. Frank Jack, 103, 110, 399-407, 410, 414, 415, 422, 423 Flood, Col. William, 29 Flynn, Dave, 58 Ford, Com. John, 359 Formosa, Island of, 44, 45-48, 51, 56, 92 Fortier, Col. Malcolm, 174, 175 Franklin, Sgt. Robert, 347 Friedman, Lt. Col. William F., xvi, 399 Fuchida, Com. Mitsuo, 25, 27 Fuchikami, Tadao, 28, 41 Fujiyoshi, Capt. Naoshiro, 82-83 Fulton, Lt. Robert, 269-72, 279 Funk, Brig. Gen. Arnold, 314, 323
Gaines, Jesse, 29 Gallaher, Lt. Wilmer Earl, 420, 421, 423, 425, 430 Galusha, Capt. Harry, 252 Gay, Ensign George, 416, 417, 428, 430 Gaylor, Lt. Noel, 401
456 Genda, Gen. Minoru, 404, 408, 409, 413, 419, 421, 424 Gentry, Lt. William, 150-51, 152 George, Col. Harold A., 125 Giles, Com. D. T., 69 Giles, Lt. William J., Jr., 259, 263, 264,271-72 Gillis, Peter, 80 Gilmore, Lt. Edwin, 52 Glassford, Rear Adm. William A., 245, 263, 274, 275 Goepner, Lt. Oscar, 22 Goodall, Lt. Com. H. W., 196 Gordon, Capt. O. L., 275 Gozar, Lt. Jose, 74 Graef, Sgt. Calvin, 346 Graff, Boatswain's Mate --, 31 Graney, Morris, 81 Gray, Capt. - , 392 Greenwell, Fanny, 432 Gretton, Steward, 256 Grew, Amb. Joseph C., xiv, 18 Grover, Lt. Col. Orin, 362 Grow, Sgt. Floyd, 341, 345 Guam, Island of, 17, 42, 69, 70, 280 Gunn, Paul, 362 Gunnison, Arch, 124, 155, 157 Gunnison, Mrs. Marjorie, 157
Haba, Lt. Col. Hikaru, 380, 381, 386, 387 Hadley, Lt. Alvin C., 70 Haguro, 248, 249, 253, 255, 257, 261, 275 Haki, Col. Tatsuo, 198, 199 Haliewa Field, 28 Halkyard, Sgt. James E., 93 Hallmark, Lt. --, 361 Halsey, Vice Adm. William, Jr., 9, 10, 359, 361, 405, 414, 430 Halstead, Corp. --, 112 Hamas, John, 114 Hamilton, John H., 42 Hamlin, Lt. H. S., Jr., 244, 249, 253, 261, 268, 271, 279 Hanna, Lt. R. N., 106, 111, 115 Hara, Baron Yoshimichi, xiii, 15 Harriman, Averell, 40
INDEX Hart, Adm. Thomas, 11, 12, 30, 43, 59, 73, 75, 90, 99, 100, 123, 235, 236 Haruna, 409 Hassig, Sgt. E. F., 117 Hattori, Col. Takushiro, 285, 286, 302, 304, 310, 396-98 Hayashi, Com. Hiromu, 70 Heath, Gen. --, 218 Hebel, Lt. Fritz, 58 Helfrich, Vice Adm. Conrad E. L., 235-39, 242-47,252, 258, 274, 278, 433 Henderson, Maj. Lofton, 412 Herman, Gayle, 58 . Hewlett, Frank, 288 Hickam Field, 27, 29, 30, 34, 57-58 Hilsman, Col. Roger, 391 Hirohito, Emperor, xiii, 4, 6, 15, 25, 62, 364 Hitler, Adolf, xii, xiii, 59, 204, 402 Hodges, Gen. Courtney, 414 Holcomb, Sgt. James, 155 Holewinski, Corp. Ralph, 106 Holmberg, Lt. Paul, 420 Homma, Lt. Gen. Masaharu, 99-101, 120-21, 126, 133, 139, 146, 148, 149, 153, 154, 159, 163, 175, 180, 185, 186, 190, 192, 195-99, 237, 285, 286, 301-6, 310, 327, 328, 335-37, 352, 355, 364-68, 375-83, 394, 395, 431 Hong Kong, 14, 17, 42, 96-99, 12831, 138, 218, 280, 302 Hopkins, Harry, 4, 37, 39, 119 Horan, Lt. Col. John, 120, 169, 384, 388, 389, 431 Hornet, 359, 360, 415, 418, 423 Hosogaya, Vice Adm. Moshiro, 405 Houston, 244-47, 249, 253-58, 25962, 264-72, 278, 429 Houston, Pvt. Ralph, 364 Howard, Col. Samuel, 368, 371 Huff, Lt. Col. Sidney, 291 Hull, Cordell, xi, xiii, xv, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18, 20, 21, 37-39 Hunt, Sgt. Ray, Jr., 196, 350, 351, 431 Huntington, Robert, 416 Hurt, Maj. Marshall, 323, 327
457 Iba Field, 45, 47, 49, 53-55, 60 Ild, Lt. Haroki, 76,77, 79-81, 82, 84 Imai, Col. Takeo, 160, 163-68, 170, 171, 175, 178, 181, 186, 320 Imamura, Gen. Hitoshi, 266, 268, 271, 278 Imoto, Lt. Kumao, 286 Inagaki, Kiyoshi, 33 Ind, Capt. Allison, 45, 71, 94, 295 Inouye, Vice Adm. Shigeyoshi, 398401 Irwin, Col. Constant, 122, 184 Irwin, Col. John, 316, 317 Ito, Com. - , 428
Jacobs, Adm. Randall, 96 Jacoby, Mel, 73 James, Sgt. Charlie, 346, 353 Java, 238-43, 260, 261, 265 Java Sea, Battle of, 239, 262 Jesus, Brig. Gen. Simeon de, 152 Jintsu, 248, 249, 255, 258, 259 Johnson, Col. --, 184 Johnston, Stanley, 402 Jones, Brig. Gen. Albert, 134, 136, 140, 148-54, 160, 162, 166, 167, 169-72, 181, 184, 193-95, 203, 206, 290, 314, 322-23, 333, 334, 340-42, 344, 351 Jones, Capt. - , 351 Jones, Pvt. T. J., 129-32 Jopling, Lt. Dan, 327, 331, 366
Kaga, 411-17, 420-23 Kahn, Dr. - , 114 Kajioka, Rear Adm. Sadamichi, 43, 87, 88, 89, 103, 104, 110, 118 Kaku, Capt. Tomeo, 428 Kakuta, Rear Adm. Kakuji, 404, 407, 424 Kano, Lt. Hisamichi, 179, 382, 384 Kato, Masuo, 3, 39 Kawai, Capt. --, 131 Kawakami, Col. --, 393 Kawamura, Maj. Gen. Saburo, 386, 387
Index Kawane, Maj. Gen. Yoshikata, 335, 342, 355 Keator, Lt. Randall, 52 Kelly, Capt. Colin, Jr., 92-94 Kelly, Ensign, R. G., 176 Kelly, Lt. Robert B., 291-93 Kenworthy, Com. Jesse, 31 Kerry, Lt. --, 351 Kessler, Lt. Woodrow, 105, 111 Ketner, Sgt. Bernard, 114 Key, Brig. B. W., 214, 218 Kido, Marquis Koichi, 18, 25 Kimmel, Adm. Husband E., 6, 8, 9, 31, 33, 37, 95, 140, 141, 399, 433 Kimura, Hachiro, 248, 255, 261 Kimura, Maj. Gen. Naoki, 173 Kimura, Maj. Mitsuo, 189, 190, 196 King, Maj. Gen. Edward, Jr., 306, 314, 315, 322-30, 334, 335, 337; 344, 377 Kirishima, 411 Kita, Nagao, 36 Knox, Frank, 4, 6, 37, 38, 95 Kobayashi, Lt. Michio, 422, 423 Koiso, Gen. --, 99 Kondo, Adm. Nobutake, 146, 277, 280, 405, 424, 428 Konoye, Premier Hidemaro, xiv Kota Bhara, 68 Kramer, Lt. Com. Alwin, 4-6, 18-20 Krieger, 2nd. Lt. Andy, 53, 54 Kroese, Lt. Com. A., 254, 260 Kuehn, Bernard, 9 Kurosbima, Capt. Kameto, 427 Kurusu, Saburo, xv, 37, 38 Kusaka, Rear Adm. Ryunosuke, 421 Kususe, Col. Masao, 69
Landon, Capt. Ted, 34 Langley, 59, 245, 278 Lappert, Arnold, 376 Laurel, Jose, 124, 395 Lawrence, Lt. Col. Charles, 161 Lawrence, Lt. Ray, 369 Lawrence, Maj. William, 376, 377 Layton, Capt. Eddie, 21 Layton, Vice Adm. Sir Geoffrey, 64 Leach, Capt. - , 82
458 Leary, Vice Adm. Fairfax, 7 Leary, Vice Adm. Herbert, 294, 295 Lee, Corp. - , 113 Lee, Lt. Henry G., 183, 302 Leslie, Lt. Com. Maxwell F., 418-21, 430 Levin, Corp. Meyer, 93 Lexington, 9, 400-3 Lim, Doris, 225-28, 233, 235, 239, 241,280 Lim, Gen. Vincente, 162, 166, 171, 174, 175, 181, 304 Lindbergh, Charles A, xii Lindsey, Lt. Com. Eugene, 417 Lines, Yeoman C. 0., 31 Lockard, Pvt. Joseph, 24 Logan, Corp. Douglas, 50 LoIer, Father, 432 Lough, Gen. Maxon, 309, 342 Lutich, Lt. Louis, 366
McAlister, Lt. J. A, 88, 89, 112, 117 MacArthur, Gen. Arthur, 91 MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 11-13, 27, 43-46,47,55,59,60,90-91,92,94, 95, 98, 101, 120-27, 132-34, 140, 145-49, 152, 156-57, 159-64, 16769, 174, 175, 180, 183-85, 190, 194, 197-206, 286-89, 290-98 (Escape from Corregidor), 300, 301, 322, 334, 350, 366, 367, 373, 38286, 388-95, 430, 433 MacArthur, Mrs. Jean, 291, 295, 296 McClusky, Lt. Com. Clarence, 41821, 423, 430 McCollum, Com. Arthur, 20 McConnell, Com. R. P., 245 McCoy, Com. Melvyn, 374 McDaniel, Yates, 63, 64, 214-15, 222-28, 233, 235, 238-43, 280 McDaniel, Mrs. Yates, 226 McDonald, Pvt. Joseph, 24 McKinley, Fort, 75, 125, 139, 148, 153, 157, 161 McKinstry, Clarence, 105, 108, 112, 113, 117 McMillin, Capt. George, 69, 70 McMorris, Capt. C. H., 110
INDEX
McNary, Sen. Charles, 61 McWherter, Lt. Robert, 274 Madden, Sgt. James, 331, 338, 349, 353 Maeda, Capt. Kosei, 76 Maeda, Maj. Gen. Masami, 146, 197, 377 Maher, Col. William, 340, 344 Maher, Com. A L., 253, 268 Mahony, Lt. Grant, 70 Maitland, Lt. Col. Lester, 51 Makar, Col. --, 384 MaUeck, Sgt. Donald, 114, 115 Maltby, Maj. Gen. C. M., 14, 98, 128, 130 Manila, 11, 12, 43, 46, 48, 53, 55, 60, 69, 71-75, 90, 92, 101, 120-27, 132-40, 148, 152, 154, 157, 161, 179, 183, 194, 199 Manners, Maj. C. M., 130 Manzano, Maj. N. L., 152, 153 Mariveles, 178, 188, 190, 196, 321, 323, 335, 340, 341 Marrett, Lt. Sam, 71, 94 Marshall, Brig. Gen. Richard, 297 Marshall, Gen. George, 5, 6, 19-21, 28, 41, 45, 59-61, 90, 91, 95, 101, 156, 180, 194, 199, 294, 300, 367, 388, 391 Maryland, 31, 36 Massey, Lt. Com. Lance, 417-18 Matsunaga, Rear Adm. Sadaichi, 66, 67,75 May, Com. C. W., 82, 249, 254, 257 Meiji, Emperor, xiii Menge, Herb, 58 Midway, 397, 398, 403-19, 420, 424, 426, 427, 432, 433 Midway, Battle of, 403-30 Miles, Maj. Gen. Sherman, 6 Mindanao Island, 44, 46, 48, 99, 155, 290, 293, 298, 379, 382-86, 388, 392 Momoi, Toshimitsu, 79, 82 Monay, Capt. William, 295, 299, 300, 362 Money, Willard L., 93 Montgomery, Lt. G. R., 94 Moore, Capt. Joe, 49-52, 322, 362
459 Moore, Maj. Gen. George, 291, 372, 375, 380 Morhouse, Maj. Charles, 291, 296 Morimura, Tadashi, 9 Morioka, Lt. Gen. Susumu, 154, 157, 185, 203, 206, 340 Morse, Col. William, 44, 127, 293, 296, 298, 299 MorselJ, Capt. --, 136, 137 Murdock, Sir Keith, 279 Mussolini, Benito, xii Muto, Gen. - , 99 Mutsu, 424 Mydans, Carl, 73, 90, 91, 155-57 Mydans, Mrs. Shelly, 155, 157
Nachi, 248, 249, 255, 257, 261, 275 Nagano, Adm. Osami, xiii, 15, 302, 317 Nagano, Maj. Gen. Kameichiro, 327 Nagasawa, Capt. Kou, 256, 258 Nagata, 424 Nagumo, Vice Adm. Chuichi, 17, 22, 28, 34, 40, 58, 102, 279, 404-19, 421-27 Nakanishi, Lt. Col. Hiroshi, 173 Nakar, Col. Guillermo Z., 389, 431 Nakayama, Col. Motoo, 198, 328-30, 375, 377-79 Nara, Lt. Gen. Akira, 159, 160, 16266, 170, 174, 175, 178, 185-87, 192, 197, 304, 308-12, 320 Nevada, 32, 34, 36 Nichols Field, 45-49, 71, 125, 153, 157 Nielson Field, 44-48, 71, 94, 125, 139, 157 Nimitz, Adm. Chester, 39, 95, 103, 140, 141, 399, 403-7, 426, 430, 433 Nininger, Lt. Alexander, Jr., 166 Nishibayashi, Lt. Com. - , 422 Nishimura, Rear Adm. Shoji, 248, 249, 252 Nishiura, Col. Susumu, 285 Nomura, Kichisaburo, xiii, xiv, xv, 1820, 37-38
Index Obert, Lt. David, 125 O'Connor, Col. Edwin, 346 O'Day, Col. Ray, 158, 159, 337 O'Donnell, Camp, 335, 336, 354-55, 431 O'Donnell, Maj. Emmett, Jr., 94, 151, 156 Ohira, Col. Hideo, 234 Oishi, Capt. --, 406 Oklahoma, 31, 34-38, 58 Okumura, Katsuzo, 3, 39 Oosten, Maj. Adrianus, 194 Ortiz, Father, 300 Osmefia, Dr. Emilio, 391, 392 Osmefia, Vice Pres. Sergio, 124, 145, 156, 202, 298, 392 Ota, Col. --, 352 Otter, Lt. Bethel, 372 Outerbridge, Lt. William, 16, 22, 23 Overstreet, 2nd. Lt. Robert, 28, 29, 35 Owen, Lt. Com. P.O.L., 250, 261, 265-67, 273, 278 Oyen, Lt. Gen. L. 1. van, 243 Ozawa, Gisaburo, Vice Adm., 228
Page, Sir Earle, 217 Palliser, Adm. Sir Arthur, 68, 274 Parker, Com. Edward, 260 Parker, Maj. Gen. George, 123, 16263, 168, 171, 175, 183, 187, 192, 306-12, 316, 318, 322, 332 Pearl Harbor, 4-9, 16-19, 22, 25, 2731, 33-45, 49, 56-58, 61, 95, 102, 110, 141, 184,247, 279, 399, 403-6, 421, 430, 432 Pease, Lt. Harl, Jr., 294 Peluso, Gus, 59 Pendatun, Maj. Salipala, 431 Pennsylvania, 34-36, 38 Peralta, Macario, Jr., 431 Percival, Lt. Gen. A. E., 211, 213, . 214, 219-23, 229-32, 433 Perez, Juan, 69 Perkins, Lt. Pete, 171 Perry, Com. Matthew, 25 Perth, 242, 247, 250, 253, 255, 25961, 264-73, 278, 429 Phillips, Mrs. Claire, 432
460 Phillips, Vice Adm. Tom, 12, 56, 6467, 75-78, 82 Plaridel, 148-54 Platt, Capt. H. M., 105, 108, 113, 116 Poindexter, Lt. Arthur, 107-9, 111, 114, 116-17 Poindexter, Gov. Joseph E., 57 Poorten, Lt. Gen. H. ter, 280 Potter, Maj. George, 109, 112, 114 Pound, Sir Dudley, 83 Powell, Tom, 392 Prince of Wales, 12, 14, 64-68, 75-84, 225, 227, 242, 399 Pugh, Col. - , 375-79, 380 Pugh, Maj. Johnny, 288, 289 Pulford, Vice-Marshal, C. W., 65, 83, 235 Purnell, Rear Adm. William, l3 Putnam, Capt. Benny, 362 Putnam, Maj. Paul, 10, 42, 43, 88, 89, 103, 106, 111, 114, 115 Pye, Vice Adm. William, 34, 103, 109, 110
Quezon, Mrs. Aurora, 124 Quezon, Maria Aurora, 124 Quezon, Pres. Manuel, 124, 125, 145, 156, 167, 194, 199-205, 298-300 Quezon, Manuel, Jr., 124 Quezon, Zeneida, 124
Ray, Capt. Harold, 291 Rayburn, Rep. Sam, 61 Reagan, Lt. Cornelius, 274 Redmond, Lt. Juanita, 364 Reed, Lt. --, 195 Reid, Ensign Jack, 407 Rentz, Com. G. S., 272 Repulse, 12, 14, 56, 64-68, 76-80, 82, 84, 225, 242, 399 Respess, Chief Machinist Mate Thomas, 360 Revak, Capt. Joseph, 347 Rex, Sgt. James, 42 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 62 Richardson, Lt. Frank, 55 Ring, Com. Stanhope, 415, 418
INDEX Roberts, Lt. Fred, 54 Roberts, Lt. Robert, 193 Robins, Lt. Donald D., 93 Rochefort, Com. Joseph J., 404 Rock, Mr. --, 137, 138 Rockwell, Rear Adm. Francis, 73, 74, 123, 136-37, 188, 189, 194, 291, 292 Rodzinski, Artur, 39 Rogers, Will, 60 Rommel, Gen. Erwin, 204 Romulo, Gen. Carlos, 126, 291, 322, 362 Rooks, Capt. --, 253, 261, 269, 270, 272 Roosevelt, Mrs. Eleanor, 61 Roosevelt, Pres. Franklin Delano, xi, xii, 3-6, 18, 19, 25, 37-40, 57, 61, 65, 119, 145, 157, 167, 199-202, 204-6, 212, 222, 235, 236, 247, 264, 270, 287, 290, 299, 315, 323, 361, 371, 373, 433 Roosevelt, James, 61 Roxas, Manuel, 201 Rush, Sgt. Dave, 116 Rutledge, R. R., 108
Sakai, Lt. Gen. Saburo, 93, 96, 98 Sakamaki, Ensign Kazuo, 33,41,432, 434 Sallee, Capt. Joseph, 342 San Fernando, 133, 140, 146, 158, 185, 336, 348, 350, 353 Sano, Maj. Gen. Tadayoshi, 97 Santos, Jose Abad, 145 Sato, Col. Gempachi, 369, 370, 379, 380 Sayre, Francis, 73, 145, 157, 204 Schaetzel, Lt. George, 94 Schulz, Lt. Lester, 4 Schwartz, Lt. Col. Jack, 337, 338 Scott, Sir Robert, 225, 226, 232 Scudder, Col. Irvine, 393 Sea lion, 75 Segundo, Brig. Gen. Fidel V., 195, 334 Sekiguchi, Maj. Hisashi, 336, 337 Selleck, Brig. Gen. Clyde, 178 Setzer, George, 50
461 Setzer, Stella, 50 Shafroth, Capt. --, 39 Shafter, Fort, 30, 41 Sharp, Maj. Gen. William, 294, 295, 298, 299, 373, 377, 380-93 Sherman, Capt. F. C., 401 Shields, A. L., 130 Shih, Dr. Hu, 37 Shijo, Col. Kenkichi, 39 Short, Lt. Gen. Walter, 6, 7, 28, 30, 41, 433 Singapore, 5, 9, 12, 13, 17,42,56,6368, 75-79, 82, 83, 138, 148, 198, 211-29, 234-37, 280, 302 Skalwold, Lt. Robert, 28 Skardon, Lt. Beverly, 174 Skerry, Col. Harry, 152, 153, 158-60 Slingsby, Capt. Harold, 362 Smith, Col. Bedell, 19 Smith, Ensign C. D., 270 Smith, Lt. J. G., 400 Smith, Vice Adm. W. W., 7, 33 Smyth, Lt. Col. --, 317 Sorenson, John P., 106, 111 Soria, Pvt. --, 126 Soriano, Capt. Andre, 172 Souy, Shiki, 11 Spatz, Sgt. Harold, 361 Spooner, Vice Adm. E. J., 225, 226, 235 Spmance, Adm. Raymond, 405-7, 410, 415, 418, 423-27, 430 Stark, Adm. Harold, 4-7, 20-21, 31, 36-37, 61, 111 Steel, Capt. Henry, 225, 226, 228, 233 Stevens, Brig. Gen. Luther, 149, 150, 153, 340, 347, 352 Stewart, Brig. I. MacA., 218 Stewart, Lt. Col. Loren, 153 Stewart, Lt. Edward, 194 Stimson, Sec'y of War Henry L., 6, 37,204 Stoker, Lt. Bill, 131 Stotsenberg, Fort, 48, 50, 51, 55, 161 Stowell, Lt. Col. Allen, 151, 332, 346 Strickler, Maj. Dudley, 180 Strobing, Corp. Irving, 374, 375 Strobing, Mrs. Minnie, 375 Sturdee, Gen. V. A. R ., 279
Index Sugita, Lt. Col. Ichiji, 231 Sugiyama, Gen. - , 286, 397, 398 Sutherland, Brig. Gen. Richard, 13, 43-48, 123, 149, 150, 164, 175, 180, 290, 291, 300 Suzuki, Lt. Gen. --, 231 Sweeney, Lt. Col. Walter, 409
Tada, Col. Tokuchi, 96 Takagi, Rear Adm. Sokichi, 243, 244, 247, 250, 252, 255, 258-62, 275, 276, 399 Takahashi, Vice Adm. Ibou, 275 Takai, Lt. Sadao, 76-78 Takasaki, Col. J., 330 Takatsu, Col. Toshirnitsu, 335, 342 Takechi, Col. Susumu, 163, 166, 170, 171, 175, 178, 182, 185-86 Tanabe, Lt. Com. Yahachi, 406, 429. 430 Tanaka, Col. Tom, 70 Tanaka, Rear Adm. Raizo, 248, 249, 253, 258 Tanner, Ensign William, 22 Taue, Yoshikazu, 79, 82 Taylor, Capt. Robert, 72, 307 Taylor, Com. Joe, 400 Taylor, Lt. Kenneth, 29, 35 Tenedos, 75, 76 Tennant, Capt. William, 65, 67, 78~ 80, 83 Tennessee, 32, 36, 38, 58 Terauchi, Gen. Count Hisaichi, 14647, 394 Teters, Dan, 106 Tharin, Capt. - , 115 Thayer, Lt. Col. Allen, 391, 393 Thomas, Sir Shenton, 224 Thome, Lt. Henry, 48 Thorp, Capt. Claude, 350 Tills, Ensign Robert, 44 Tinio, Capt. Manuel, 321 Tisdelle, Maj. Achille, 327 , Togo, Shigenori, xi, 18-20, 25, 361 Tojo, Gen. Hideki, xii, xiv, 14, 25, 99, 197-99, 285, 396 Tokyo Rose, 109 Tomioka, Capt. Sadatoshi, 396
462 Tomonaga, Lt. Joichi, 411 Toshikawa, Com. Shukichi, 278 Townsend, Col. Glen, 193, 203 Toyama, Com. Yasumi, 253 Trammell, Staff Sgt. Frank, 13, 156, 386 Trapnell, Lt. Gen. Thomas, J. H., 93, 102, 120 Traywick, Col. Jesse, Jr., 326, 380-87 Tromp, 239 Tsunehiro, Lt. Col. Nariyoshi, 176, 178 Tuguegarao, 46 Twaddell, Capt. Jim, 34 Tyler, Lt. Kermit, 24 Tyrell, Petty Officer, 273, 278
Ugaki, Rear Adm. Matome, 427 Uno, Kazumaro, 377, 379 Utah, 32 Utinsky, Mrs. John, 432
Vampire, 75, 83 Vance, Col. Lee C., 313, 315 Vargas, Jorge, 124, 395 Vigors, Lt. T. A., 82 Villa, Maj. Salvador, 184 Villamor, Capt. Jesus, 72, 74 Volckmann, Maj. Russell, 431
Wachi, Maj. Gen. Takaji, 377 Wada, Com. Yushiro, 424 Wada, Maj. Moriya, 198 Wade, Sgt. T. Q., 107, 109 Wagner, Lt. Boyde, 101 Wainwright, Maj. Gen. Jonathan, 51, 120-22, 126, 133, 134, 140, 14854, 158-61, 163, 164, 173-76, 18285, 189, 190, 192-97, 203, 286, 288, 289, 300-2, 306, 307, 314, 315,322-28,333-36,363,366,37085, 388-89, 392, 394, 399 Wake Island, 10,43,69, 87, 89, 102-4, 109, 218, 280
INDEX Waldron, Lt. Com. John, 415-17,430 Waller, Capt. Hector, 250, 253, 261, 264-66,272 Walsh, Maj. Birrell, 50 Ward, Col. Frederick, 161, 291 Wavell, Gen. Sir Archibald, 212, 216, 219-22, 229, 230, 235, 240, 241, 433 Weaver, Brig. Gen. James, 153, 182 Welch, Lt. George, 29, 35 Welch, 2nd. Lt. William, 35 Welles, Amb. Sumner, 204 West Virginia, 32, 36, 59, 141 Wheeler Field, 27, 28, 30, 34, 57 White, Capt. Philip, 410 Whitfield, Capt. Hervey, 362 Whitney, Capt. --, 129 Wild, Capt. Cyril H. D., 231, 232 Wilkinson, Rear Adm. T. S., 6 Williams, Col. E. C., 323, 327, 328 Williams, Maj. Francis, 371, 372 Willoughby, Col. Charles, 199 Wilson, Lt. Lucy, 324, 326, 331, 366, 367 Wilson, Rev. John Leonard, 232-33 Wilson, Pres. Woodrow, 61 Winant, Amb. John, 40 Wong Hai Sheng, 224, 280 Wood, Maj. Pete, 165
Yamaguchi, Rear Adm. Tamon, 413, 422-28 Yamamoto, Adm. Isoroku, 17, 18,28, 40, 61, 396-98, 402-7, 424, 426-30 Yamashita, Lt. Gen. Tomoyuki, 148, 211-13, 220-23, 229-32, 286 Yamato, 424 Yanagimoto, Capt. Ryusaku, 422, 426 York, Lt. Edward, 361 Yorktown, 400-3, 405, 410, 415, 41720, 422, 423-26, 429 Yoshikawa, Takeo, 8, 36, 57 Yoshioka, Col. Yorimasa, 192, 193, 203 Young, Marcela Victor, 384 Young, Gov. Mark, 97, 98, 128, 130
About the Author JOHN TOLAND was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin, the son of a concert singer and an artist. He spent his youth in Connecticut. After working his way through Phillips Exeter Academy and Williams Collegewhere he graduated as a Phi Beta Kappa in 1936-he studied play writing for a year at the Yale Drama School. Following Pearl Harbor, Mr. Toland enlisted as a private, then attended Officer Candidate School at Fargo, North Dakota. Later he was loaned to the Special Services Division of the Army, where he assisted Major John Shubert, the theatrical producer, and was in charge of scheduling USO Camp Shows continental units. When the war was over, Mr. Toland continued his interest in the theatre, but then, at the age of forty, decided to write for a living. He came to New York, and after several weeks sold a story to American magazine. Since then, he has written for Coronet, True, Reader's Digest, Saturday Evening Post and American Heritage. His article on the Hindenburg evolved into a book on dirigibles, Ships in the Sky, published in 1956. For his book Battle: The Story of the Bulge, published in 1959, Mr. Toland traveled close to 100,000 miles to interview over a thousand people, working two and a half years on the book. He has covered nearly the same distance in eight countries to interview almost eight hundred people for But Not in Shame: The Six Months After Pearl Harbor. While in Tokyo, he married his chief interpreter, Toshiko Matsumura. Mrs. Toland is now helping him research a book on the era of John Dillinger.
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;';:'::~:::'I_ Roderick 111111111111111111111,1111111111111 Hall CoIl. I 1395<f _ 0787 T8 1981
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