Bataan diary by Filipiniana Online

7&'7Âˇf A7tf

ÂŠ

1984 by Paul Ashton

All rights in this book are reserved. No portion of it may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without permission in writing from the author.

Library of Congress Catalogue C ard Number 85-192945

The 12th century samurai Kumagai Naozane in full regalia charging toward his foe. Detail from a six-part screen painted by Yusetsu Kaiko 1650 1670. This allegorical adversary is shown amid the tropical foliage of the Philippines where the untrained farmers and fishermen formed a citizen force to repel the far superior Japanese. The wall is formed by blocks upon which are emblazoned the insignia of the regional divisions of the Filipinos and those of their American advisors and allies - hence "Filamerican Forces." The Samurai burst upon us in full speed and tactical acuity, their hatred matched only by ours. Our half trained forces were defeated miserably. Death claimed most of them (by starvation, disease and brutality) after the battles were over. Even a fast horse can be swerved from its course by a bamboo stake placed in its path. That was all we did. The time thus provided was exceedingly valuable.

CONTENTS List of Maps ................................................................... vii Preface ... . ................................................................... viii Prologue ....................................................................... ix Covenant Fulfilled ............................................................ xiii Part I. Before the War .......................................................... 1 Letters to Yvonne, June and July 1941 ..................................... 3 Letters to Yvonne, August and September 1941 ......................... . . 26 Letters to Yvonne, October and November 1941 .......................... 42 Letters to Yvonne, December 1941 ....................................... 61 Part II. The War Period . ...................................................... 65 The First Blow ........................................................... 67 Dinalupihan .............................................................. 72 Battle of North and South Luzon Forces .................................. 82 The Guagua-Porac Line ................................................... 93 Prelude to The Battle of Bataan .......................................... 97 Battle of Bataan ......................................................... 100 Pilar-Bagac Line ......................................................... 112 Life of a Soldier, 33rd Infantry Combat Team ............................ 117 Orders: Trip to Corregidor. .............................................. 124 R. & R. "Scout" Headquarters ........................................... 127 April 3, 1942 ............................................................ 129 Disintegration ........................................................... 135 Surrender of Bataan ..................................................... 145 Hospital #1 ............................................................. 151 Matsuobe ................................................................ 154 Part III. My Capture Period .................................................. The Death March ........................................................ Statistics ................................................................ Capture Period at Hospital #1 Battle of Corregidor (What I Saw) ......... The Battle of Corregidor, (What I Learned) .............................. Hospital #1, After the Fall of Corregidor. ................................ Map Summary ........................................................... Trip to Bilibid ...........................................................

157 159 165 167 176 193 201 208

Part IV. The Prison Period ................................................... 213 Tayabas ................................................................. 215 Bilibid Prison ............................................................ 222 Sasaki ................................................................... 228 Return to Bilibid from Caloocan ......................................... 239 Highlights of Bilibid ...................................................... 249 Daily Routine on the Communicable Disease Ward ....................... 254 British Prisoners ....... , ................................................. 258

Part V. The Capture Period . . . .... ......... .. ..... .... ....................... 261 Camp O'Donnel ......................................................... 263 Cabanatuan .............................................................. 267 Ben Steele's Drawings ................................................... 276 Hell Ships .... ............... ............................... ........ ..... 279 E.F. Haase Papers ....................................................... 280 Voyage of the Oryoku Maru ............................................. 286 Davao, and the Voyage of the Shinyo Maru .............................. 288 Hell Ships (Testimony War Crimes Trials) ............................... . 290 Would You Believe ...................................................... 295 Part VI. The Rescue Period .................................................. 297 The Tightening Blockade ............................... ......... ........ 299 The Beginning of the Battle of Manila ................. . ................. 302 Yanks & Tanks ......................... . ........... ......... .......... .. 308 The Shoe Factory ....................................................... 313 Leyte ...... .......... . .......................... ........... ......... ..... 327 Homecoming ............................................................ 330 Part VII. Epilogue ..... ...................... .......... ............... .. . ..... 337 Crumbling Brown Papers, Colonel Lamb's Records ....................... 339 Fassoth's Camp .......................................................... 341 Letters Re: Services Rendered Filamerican POW's ........................ 364 Cabanatuan Letters ...................... '" ........ ....... " ............ 374 Miscellaneous Letters .................................................... 404 Comments Concerning the U.S.S. Canopus ............................... 435 My Brown Papers ............... .. .......... . ........... ........ ...... ... 456 Postscript ............................................................... 457 Index ........................................................................ 458

. . . . . . . . . . dedicated to the Medical Corps. Their work never ended. . . even when the fight was over.

MAPS Through Layac Junction, Jan. 8-9, 1942 ......................................... 73 Japanese landings, Lingayen Gulf, Dec. 22-24, 1941. North Luzon Force Falling Back ............................................ 83 Japanese Landings, East Coast, Dec. 24,1941. Calauag Bay, Site of Tayabas Detail. ........................................ 84 Plan for Retreat of North Luzon Force, Dec. 25-31, 1941. ..................... 85 Plan for Withdrawal of South Luzon Force, Dec. 25- 31, 1941 ....... . .. .. ....... 87 Holding the Road to Bataan, Dec. 31, 1941 ..... . ............................. . 90 Through Layac Junction, Guagua-Porac Line, Gumain River Line, Layac Line, Jan. 2-6, 1942 .............................. 93 Situation on Bataan, Jan. 8, 1942. Battle of J3ataan. Map 1.. ....................................... . .......... 100 Abucay (or Mabatang Line) Jan. 9-23, 1942. Map 2 ............................ 102 Japanese Landings on Bataan, Jan. 23, Feb.1, 1942. Map 3 ....... .. ............ 105 Orion-Bagac Line, Showing Sectors, Both Corps. (Contour) Jan. 27, 1942 ...... 112 Mt. Samat. Trail 2, San Vicente River, and Hospital Site ....................... 114 Japanese Penetration, April 3-6, 1942. Tiawer River. ........................... 121 Corregidor Island. Caballo Island. Batteries .................................... 125 Japanese Plan of Attack, April 3, 1942. Map 1.. ............................... 130 Japanese Penetration, April 3-6, 1942. Map 2. 51st Division Hospital, Scout Headquarters ................................. 130 Japanese Advance, April 7-9, 1942 ............................................ 146 Deathmarch .................................................... ..... ......... 159 Japanese Advance, April 7-9, 1942 ................................ . ...... ... .. . 170 Corregidor Island Contour, Batteries, Roads ................................... 178 Corregidor Island, Mouth of Manila Bay, Offshore Islands ................... .. . 179 Tunnel System, Malinta Hill.. ................................................. 192 Map Summary .......................................................... 201 - 207 Advance Japanese Landings, Dec. 8-20, 1941. ................................. 214 Northern Luzon Control by Guerrilla Forces, April 1942 ...................... 267 Cabanatuan, Map of Camp #1 ............................. .. .................. 268 Voyage of the Shinyo Maru ....................... .... ..... . .......... .. .. ... . 289 General MacArthur's Return Route to Manila. 1945 ........................... 305 American Divisions Approach to Manila. 1945 ................................. 312 Copy of Original Trail Map Bataan (southern half) April 3, 1942 ..................... . .. . ........ .. .... . .... .. ............ Foldout

vii

PREFACE ficult war years, refusing to believe reports of my demise. She especially, as well as my family, has long put up with my indolence, my shirking of gardening and household chores, medical meetings, parties, and even vacations that I have dodged in the name of "my book." Others who helped in the preparation of the text were, in order: Mrs. Marilyn Spano whose sharp ears translated the many early tapes that I had managed to dictate over the years. Mrs. Virginia Brace, Similarly transcribed later tapes, but also asked many questions that led to further memories and hence more tapes-like stirring a bed of coals into a blazing fire. She also served masterfully as copy editor. Later in the information-assembly stage Yvonne and I decided to purchase a word processor. This was a seven league step-made so because of her aptitude in fathoming the intricacies of this machine. It was like buying a Rolls in the days before there were highways. Now we have accomplished the task which has required a mental sojourn to places past visited and the consideration of friends long since scattered over the earth. The re-living of these memories, like my original experiences in the Philippine Islands, I have enjoyed very much!

I am indeed indebted to many people for aid in preparing this volume. The information came mostly from my participating in military movements and battles followed by three years of prison camp incarceration with the other participants. During this period there were almost daily hours when our only entertainment was the re-hashing of our military encounters as well as the interminable discussions about food and rescue. During the actual months of combat I began to realize that the fixed position of a soldier, whether general or private, greatly restricts his knowledge, especially of the big picture. There were some people, however, whose work demanded great mobility. As adjutant of a medical batallion, and later as "trouble-shooter" for the Bataan Force Surgeon, my daily supervision of the activities of several separately situated companies often took me far afield. Hence my view of the battles was wide, allowing daily perception of the changes taking place. Aside from the above mentioned men who unconsciously wove much of this tale during our years as prisoners, there have been others since the conflict who have given encouragement and support in its long preparation. First in this category is my wife (of the many names-Pussel, Yvonne, etc.) who stood by me through the dif-

How courteous is the Japanese; He always says, "Excuse it please." He climbs into his neighbor's garden, And smiles, and says "I beg your pardon". He bows and grins a friendly grin, And calls his hungry family in; He grins, and bows a friendly bow. "So sorry, this my garden now." Ogden Nash 1932

viii

PROLOGUE attended with . no more of the exhibition of human kindness than if they were exterminating locusts, should, in my mind, remove them from a place in the company of "humanity." They were not human; they were certainly not made in "His image." This awful process of soulless eradication of people, however, has been duplicated in many places during the last three decades, in Southeast Asia, Africa and Central America-and it begins to appear that it is indeed an attribute of the human race, only recently uncovered, and due largely to the pressure of population. If accepted as a human trait to be applied in certain situations, as when a burgeoning populace threatens the supply of food, which is occurring on all continents with more frequency, then I cringe to contemplate the history of the twentyfirst century. For then it might condone militarily strong but predatory nations to overcome and eradicate the populace of other nations for their food and natural resources. In that context the use of "the bomb" might be adjudged criminal, but only because the resulting long-term of radioactivity would render good land useless. So I am, old. I have lived long enough to have memories of good days, when people observed rules of humanity. I suppose that is why I look upon those days in the Philippines as sunny, pleasant days in a lush and tropical country. Our captors were the worst there were then, but they had Bushido and were "human." Then why do I grieve when I recall those long past days? Because, despite the long prison period, the helpless, hopeless years of abuse, starvation, disease and death, they were pleasant compared to Dachau, Angola, Cambodia, and others of which I have since learned. It is especially saddening to contemplate a future in which the inexorable crush of population will make food more scarce, and criminal nations rise to power. I grieve because subsequent happenings, since the covenant was made in Bataan, have rendered keeping the promise insignificant by comparison. Nevertheless, since I enjoy still the company of those long dead friends and heroes, I press on. The war these men fought was replete with acts of selfless bravery and spirit which were the sparks that ignited the nation, but as time went on there were other, new heroes among the winners in Europe, so that the efforts of those in our forlorn theater were overshadowed, as having been accomplished by losers who had surrendered. Furthermore, the terrible conditions endured in the capture period resulted in the early demise of most of the eye witnesses. As a result, the real history of the fall of Bataan and Cor-

I suppose the time has come to write about those events, the memory of which I have carried around in me all these years. I am now in my 71 st year, and if I am not ready, I never will be. They are still fresh in my mind, strangely enough, though now I can approach them with some equanimity and objectivity. The burning hate that pervaded me after the war has long since subsided; in fact, the Japanese as a race are among my favorites, with attributes more laudable than are exhibited by some others I could name. I have long ago concluded that most races have reached the same levels of moral, mental and physical advancement, but none is free of undesirables, or genetic disasters. When I first came home, I could talk with detachment about these events, as though they had not happened to me, only to the other prisoners. But as time passes, I notice and am increasingly troubled by the emotion and sadness evoked by recalling those difficult years in the war and the prison camps. The only reason I can ascribe to this instability is my procrastination in putting this to paper and thus not abiding by the covenant with my friends, so often pledged in those harsh days, that "whoever makes it home must do his best to tell the story." I have many times related incidents in talks to groups, as well as individuals, during these ensuing years, and I have dictated and transcribed a mass of information from which the following accounts, descriptions and anecdotes spill from me like water over a great dam. Another factor explaining my increasing sadness as I become older may be my perception and acceptance of the frightful capabilities for evil inherent in the human race. The Japanese High Command apparently began with a policy aimed at reducing the burden of taking prisoners, especially in the war theaters, and it is much to the credit of the younger commanders that they refused to "eliminate" prisoners, as they had been directed. On the whole, the Japanese exhibited a somewhat humane attitude toward us, despite their long tradition in Bushido, a discipline which rules that to be taken prisoner is dishonorable, and death preferable. I can accept that precept, which I have seen them practice when they were taken. More about that later. It seems to destroy war-making as an honorable profession when one of our leading practitioners of that method of settling differences, the Germans, adopt large scale genocide. I can even understand and forgive that, but to do it by the frightfully inhuman, cold and calculated process they planned and then developed, which was ix

regidor faded early into obscurity. For years, whenever I have had occasion to mention Bataan or Corregidor, most people, especially those under fifty, will stare blankly, or ask, "How do you spell that?" There are events here which must be remembered, not only the names of both Filipinos and Americans who fought those obscure battles, but also those who sacrificed their lives in rendering help to the imprisoned Filamericans in the various camps. The old records given to me by Colonel Kenneth Lamb are the basis for these accounts that are little known even among the POW's themselves. (See Index: Crumbling Brown Papers.) I find, now that I have finished this long account of my observations and activities in the Philippine Islands during World War II, one result has been the consciousness that a great weight which I was carrying has been given to all of my readers to share. I am not relieved of it entirely but the load is lighter, somehow. The covenant has been fulfilled. In planning this treatise it has been my intention to first put down a solid foundation, to set the scene, so to speak. Thus the reader is transported to a tropical country, into a military setting, and then gradually informed of the political and human forces brought to bear upon us all nearly forty years ago, before World War II. Fortunately these aspects are dealt with by the letters exchanged between my wife and me, as it was my custom to write something of my daily activities so that she would be kept abreast of the situation. The only airmail service was by "China Clipper," a large passenger - carrying seaplane that also brought the mail from Manila and hopped, island by island, to Guam, Wake, Midway, Hawaii and then San Francisco. It left about once weekly, depending upon the state of the weather. Due to the threatening military situation, only a few nurses were permitted to remain in the Philippines, and all of the families of the American officers and enlisted men were sent home. The novelty of the Philippines and the activities of an entirely new type of life, compounded by loneliness, made these letters long and descriptive and they form the first part of the account. Yvonne kept all these letters and I carried home (three years later) the one I was writing when the mail clippers were discontinued by the "day of infamy" at Pearl. They thus form a complete contemporary description of the times. Unfortunately, I was unable to continue a day by day journal of the events which befell us during the war in Bataan or the capture period thereafter, but I have appended records collected along the way to verify my personal accounts. This is a history. All incidents described were witnessed by myself or are factual accounts by eyewitnesses whom I knew and and intervi'e wed during the long capture period. According to the multivolumed history of W.W.II published by the Dept. of the Army,

there were 24,339 American servicemen in the Philippines, including 2,558 Navy men and 1,643 Marines. There were 20,138 Army files of which 5,609 were on Bataan and Corregidor and 2,339 stationed in the southern islands, Cebu, Mindanao, etc. These figures do not include the 11,957 Philippine Scouts, a Single square Division that had white officers, and one Regiment, the 31st Infantry, composed of white soldiers-our "foreign legion." Of the 24,339 Americans of all services in the Philippine Islands, 600 were killed in action and 23,739 captured. 13,000 died as POW's and 10, 739 repatriated. From liberation to the present writing, 2/3 of that number have died, mainly from the sequelae of the diseases they suffered as Japanese prisoners. When one realizes that most of these POW's were young, healthy men in their late teens and twenties, one must conclude that the sheer barbarity of their treatment as prisoners left them harboring the seeds of early death, and the subsequent care at home has failed to deter their dying. They were destroyed there, and as they age they expire faster. I have always said that these men were an unparalleled medical marvel and should have been studied. They needed care that U.S. "stateside" physicians were unable to render, never having seen similar diseases. I suppose with "a war going on" they were too busy to give these "expendables" the special care they needed, particularly since they didn't know any better. No one even asked the prison doctors, such as myself, about these casualties as they overfed them, but with the best intentions, and allowed further impairment by permitting them to have liquor to drink, which quickly brought back the foot-drop and cardiac irregularities in many of them. It is a "last year's bird's nest" now, but I hope that next time these kinds of injuries are encountered, special hospitalization can be immediately provided for monitoring dietary care, as well as biochemical and neurological response, for the many diseases each man seemed to have-mental, gastrointestinal, neurological, hematologic and even dermatologic. Following a perfunctory examination, they were quickly released from active duty to civilian status. Civilized minds could not fully comprehend the many traumatic events to which these POW's were subjected, and I can well remember, with considerable shock, when I realized that the relatives, and even my doctor colleagues, found my accounts so grotesque that I heard them remark that I had "been a POW too long," that I was a pathological liar, etc. This I can understand. Well do I remember an American officer who had already taken the "Death March." Pressed into service by the Japanese as a truck driver, he returned to Hospital #1 a day later on an errand for the Nips. While there, he told us about the march that was just then taking place. We at the hospital had not yet had much contact with the Japanese, and listened x

to his tales of "the men being shot down as they broke ranks to get a drink of water, and about others unable to walk, who were bayoneted as they lay on the road, or collected into groups of men who thought they were being allowed to rest but who were shot as the line of march passed." We could not believe these fabrications and accused him of deliberately destroying the morale of the listeners. We drove him, a Major, from the area as a willful trouble-maker. It was weeks later that we were horrified by learning the truth, upon being transferred to Bilibid Prison in Manila. It is unfortunate but not surprising that most of the senior military physicians in Washington were not astute enough during the mustering out period to suggest that long-lasting residual effects might surface in later years, so that many of the POW's had a quick medical examination and were given a clean bill of health. Medical files were closed in most cases without any record or notation of the diseases suffered while in enemy hands. They returned to civilian life, but sooner or later the physical degeneration reappeared. The POW's turned to the Veteran's Administration for help, but in many cases they had been released from service without any physical defects, so now any new problems were not considered service-connected; therefore treatment was denied by the V.A. Appeals to the Armed Services, which had once urged them to fight to the death, fell upon deaf ears. Thus, practically all of the survivors have become, to some degree, physically disabled. Later, with the burden of having to prove their disability service-connected, they became bogged down in a morass of paper work, trying to find lost or castaway records many years old, or locating witnesses among doctors long dead or whereabouts unknown, who might be able to attest to the fact that the claimant was beaten, wounded, or had dysentery or beri-beri. It is said that hundreds of former POW's, unsuccessful in the quest for proof, have died without V.A. help and yet, as a physician with forty years of practice, I often encounter ex-GI's from other theaters with some insignificant rash, still getting medication and help for what they call "jungle rot" thirty-five years later! It all boils down to the fact that a lot of young and healthy men lost a battle with some barbarians who kept them prisoner amid terrible conditions long enough so that they suffered starvation and vitamin deficiency, made worse by malaria as well as a variety of other tropical diseases, compounded with mental anguish of terrible degree. This concoction caused irreparable damage to their nervous systems, their gastroin testinal tracts-yes, everyone of the "systems" of which they are composed. They did not know that the damage was irreparable. Not even the doctors in the highest positions in the land knew, and no one took the time to listen to those of us who were there. Each of the more than 10,000 who survived was carrying a bomb in his pocket, but

no one understood this, until later. By then, the records, witnesses, doctors, were gone and service connection hard to establish, usually impossible. So what is the answer? There are only a couple of thousand left-most of them ill. Give them the 100% disability and V.A. medical care they deserve. They can't last much longer. As a military disaster, the defeat of the Filamerican forces l.eft few official documented records. The archipelago was quickly cut off by naval and air blockade and radio was the only daily means of communication. There was an occasional submarine or aeroplane able to bring in small amounts of vital supplies, but space outward bound on a submarine or P.T. boat for high officials and their families, selected officers, nurses, or correspondents, was scarce and records did not have such priority. The fact that some of the records from Bataan and Corregidor, even those important enough to command space in submarines and planes, were lost upon arrival, says something for our military planning and records departments. The reports of actual day-to-day activities however reside only in the memory of those who survived. In many cases there were only a few men left from some units who, even if they did get home, had inclination to organize the material and write about it later. It has been my especial pleasure to have had a job as a "trouble shooter" for the Bataan Force Surgeon during the combat in Bataan, which necessitated that I visit many units in Corps II and along the r tst coast of Bataan, even to Corregidor on errands. Unlike the usual soldier, or even higher officer, I was not fixed in one unit. My roving assignments allowed me to see much of the "big picture." The same occurred in the prison period when I volunteered for work details. I was there as an actual eyewitness in some of the more notorious ones. Also, because of my unflagging luck, situations that seemed to be very threatening even to my further existence, became narrowly advantageous. Lucky timing allowed me to be a special prisoner, kept in Bilibid Prison un til the Yanks retook Manila, instead of being sent to Japan on one of the Prison ships as happened to most of the others. Many of the events were written in diaries and histories of one unit or another, and if they or their writers survived, may have been turned over to the Pentagon where they were promptly lost or their worth not recognized, as in the case of the medical records I turned over to some military history section, even before the war was over, to be evaluated and copied and returned to me. That was the last I ever heard of them. The records of the hundreds of communicable disease patients I treated in Bilibid Prison could have been used to substantiate medical claims later on in the life of the survivors. Fortunately, I still have some of them. Since then, during the past forty years, I have dictated incidents that I could recall, and have had these old records typed in some cases, or continue xi

It may well come to pass that our next debacle, like "Pearl Harbor, Bataan, and Corregidor," with which we seem to start all wars, will not even serve to arouse the sleeping nation, steeped in love, as it fumbles to fight off another treacherous enemy whose predatory "High Command" strikes without warning. The next time there may not be enough determined men left, only those with flowers in their hair shouting, "Hell no, I won't go."

to store the tapes. Most of us who survived have been engaged in making a living and raising a family, so that the time and expense of assembling and writing all of this in longhand has been relegated to my later years. I have always firmly believed that the story should be told and I have saved my sources all this time in order to produce an account, by an eye witness of this "last year's bird nest." This endeavor seems especially important since I see the U.S. falling again into an inferior military posturt; in a hostile world.

Photograph of author, and Ensign (Mrs.) Ashton, taken a few months after liberation.

xii

INDEX

A abattoir 139 Abo-Abo River 106 Abo-Abo River Gorge 107, 108 Abucay, back road 104 Abucay, Battle of75, 109 Abucay76,99, 109, 120, 166, 174, 187, 199 Abucay, Church 75, 95, 104, 107, 162 Abucay, Hacienda 106, 76 Abucay Line 100, 102, 108, 165 Adamo, Lt. Col. Frank M.e. 13, 15, 19, 21, 44,22,29,34,44,45,57,58,61,63,151, 239,241 Aglipay 119 Agrihan Island 5 Aguinaldo, General Emilio 53, 251 Aid Stations, front line 120 Airwarning Company 68 Air-Seapower loss 97 Akins, Corporal Earl 247 Alexander the Great 69 All Saints Day 52 Almacen95 Alangan River 140, 145 Aleutians 186 Ambush 119 ambulance evacuation 101 Americans 165, 166, 185 America unprepared 186 amoebic dysentery 217 Amusatigue, Mr. Ramon ("Spark Plug") 385, 394 ants 196, 229 Anti-tank groups 91 anarchy, state of 167 Angeles 93 Appendectomy, Col. Duckworth 199 Appomatox 148 Armstrong, Lt.M.C 63 Army-Navy Club 6,15,45,48,60,77 Army-Navy Club Pier 57 Artillery, massed 183 AngatDam42 Asia, Southeast 186 Ashton, PaulL. 198, 199,229, 305 Assault craft 173 Atimonan 215 Australia 78,185,186,103,201 Australian kitchen 319 Aviado, Mr. (Post tailor) 32 Azcarraga Street 209,215, 308 Ayers, Lt., MC, Robert 9

B-1770 Bagac 101, 106, 115 Balantay River Gorge 101, 104, 106 Baliuag 88 Balut 26, 45

Baguio 37, 41 Balanga 76,99,106,109,115, 129,162, 198 Balanga, church 75, 107 Ballard, Private (Special Prisoner) 244 Bamboo canon 252 Bani 107, 109 BAR (automatic rifle) 119,250 Barnbrook, Army non-com (special prisoner) 244 Bamboo stake (horse-tripped) 186 Banca 195 Banky, Vilma XII banzai attack 103 Basilio, Sgt. 42, 76, 138, 318 Bataan IX, X, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 149, 160, 165,167,170,174,183,186,193, 195, 200,201,215 Bataan, Battle of 99, 100 Bataan, defense (Corps I & Corps II) 101 Bataan, foodstocks 145 Bataan Peninsula 40, 168 Bataan Salvage 226 Battalion, 3rd, 21st, 57th 108 Batteries, Antiaircraft 176 Batteries, Crocket, Geary, & Way 173,183 Battle, Crete 5 Battle of Manila 314,328,330 Battle, site of great 194 bats 241 Bautista, bus driver 138, 250 Bautista, Sgt. 74, 76, 77, 104, 318 bayonet 122 Bayshore Road 160 Bazooka 310 beach defenses 174 Beach, Sgt. (British) 254 Beecher, Lt.Col. Curtis T. USMC 285, 290, 386 Beluga 116, 118 Benitez, Helen 374 Bergamini, David 310 Beri-beri 116, 244, 258, 259 Berlin, Irving & Co. 327 Bernia, Mr. Vicente 339 Berry, Ensign 244, 269, 270 Beyuka, Private Edward 244 Bilibid, cocoanut pie 254 Bilibid, con men, rise of 225 Bilibid, daily rations 244 Bilibid, electric chair 210 Bilibid, food clubs 226 Bilibid guards 30 Bilibid library 228 Bilibid Prison XX, 64, 165, 166, 197,209, 215,216,219,220,230,333,416,456 Bilibid, furniture factory 308 Bilibid, Military Police section 154 Bilibid, old back building 210 Bilibid, replenish supplies 217 Bilibid, return to 222, 314

458

Bilibid, salvage (working parties) 226 Bilibid Solitaire and Acie Deucie 252 Bismark Archipelago 186 Bittern 147 Bleumel, General (31st Div. PA) 89, 135, 136, 145, 224, 225, 227 Blouse, Max 1, 75, 250, 251 Blouse, buses 99 Blitz, ("Blitch") 5 Bode, Arnold, M.D. XIII Bodega area 152, 172 bombardment, arillery & aerial 168, 172 booby traps 121 Borland, Virginia 331 Borneo 185 Brady, Colonel 95, 131, 136 Bren Gun Carriers 78, 79 Brereton, General 69 Bridget, Commander Francis 445 British Civilians 98 British Prisoners 258, 260, 313 Brokenshire, Commander 240 Brown, Lt. Charles, M.e. 216 Bulfamonte, Captain Joe, MC 321, 244 Bulkeley, Commander 450 Budzij, gunners mate 441 Building 5 224 Building, old back (Bilibid Prison) 210 Building, old wooden front 224 Burge, Lt. MC 17, 19, 20, 23, 39, 44, 48, 50, 52, 56, 61, 62, 57 burning glass 243 Bushido 154, 301, 427

C Cabanatuan 8.6, 93, 96, 98, 165, 166, 265, 271 Cabanatuari, administration 267 Cabcaben 77, 101, 124, 146, 149, 150, 170,173,174,184,185,210 Cain, Colonel Memory 194 Calaguiman River 101 Calauag 215, 216 Caloocan 209, 215, 226 Caloocan, salvage area 236 Cambran, shipfitter 441 Calumpit 74, 100, 209, 309 Calumpit Bridge 82, 89 Cameron, Pvt. (special prisoner) 244 Canacao Hospital 211, 215, 216, 223 Canadians 98 Candaba Swamp 82 Canopus, USS 115, 124, 147, 159, 196, 364,435 Cantor, Eddie 231, 331 Capas 159, 162, 166 Capinpin, General 113 Captain Jokstad 3 Capiz shells 17 Carabao 197, 199

459

Index

caratella ponies 99 Catmon River 129 Cavalry, 26th, PS 74, 82, 86, 94, 95, 99, 100, 145 Cavalry Point 124, 174 Cavender, Howard K. 401 Cavite 34, 53, 68, 99,165,174,183,215 Cavite Naval Base 52, 69 census 97 Chapin, Lt. Bob 132 China Clipper IX, 53, 61, 64 China Sea Coast 63, 101, 115 China 155 China Sea, South 185 cholera 258 chop marker 223 chutes, afire 304 Christmas' 44 304 Christmas Eve 98 Civilian, camp followers 165 Civilian, internees 309 Clark Field 69,70,165,215 Clearing Company 99, 114, 174 Cmeyla, Lt, MC 61 Coleman, Ronald (movie) 50 Collecting Company 114 Collier, Colonel James 148, 149, 183 Communicable Disease Ward 140, 40 Activities 243 hiding place ,260 move to Ward 11 309 working physician, patient 239 Ward rounds 256 Quiz Programs 259 cornstarch 242 Corps II, Artillery 103 Corps I 103 Corregidor IX, 1, 118, 124, 130, 147, 149, 151,160,166,170,183,186,194,198, 200,201,215,228,321,440,452 Corregidor, batteries 174, 198 Corregidor, bombardment 172 Corregidor, Fall of 149, 172 Corregidor, siege 163, 173 Corregidor (Topside, Middleside, Bottomside) 176 Corregidor, water supply 177 cotton planting 215 Courtmartial, my own 304 Courtmartial school 38 Crane, Major 117 Craven, Frank (movie) 38 Crawford, Joan (movie) 27 Crist 219 crumbling brown papers 211 Cuartel de Espana 12, 95, 152 Culo River 94, 87 Culo Bridge 94,165,166 Culot 119 Conley, James (leader of the Rangers) 301 currency, occupation 223 Cushing Brothers 251 D

Daisy Cutters 302 Danforth XII Darwin, Australia 69 Darius 70 Davao Detail (Dapitan) 223, 288

Dead, hallowed 317 Deanna Durbin (movie) 4 Deathmarch 149, 159, 160, 162, 165, 166, _ 167,168,185,194,199 defense plan, weakness 176 DeGroot, Pharmacist mate, (Bilibid) 280 DeHaan, Sgt. Major (Dutch) 283 DelaCruz, Katy 59 Del Carmen Field 69 Dengue 116, 217 Denver Hill 174 Dewey, Admiral 219 Dewey Blvd. 9, 48,61 Dewey Drydock 147, 159, 196 dictum (execute the other nine) 234 diet, augmented 193 diet, prison 242 rat 242,256 mongo beans 243 Dietrich, Marlene (movie) 3 Dinalupihan 69,72,77,82,106,140 Dissolution, frontline 131 DiviSion, 11 th Airborne, USA 314 Division, 37th USA 314 Division Headquarters, Philippine Scouts 127 Division, 51st PA, Field Hospital 129 Divisions, Philippine Army 1st 100 11th 100, 120 21st 94,100,120,131,138 31st 101,108,113,117,135,137 41st 87,127,138 51st 88,104,108,109,113,127,131, 132,135,138,215 71st 88, 95,101 91st 86,101 Division, Japanese 16th I]A 88 Division, Japnaese 4th 183 Division, Provisional Aircorps 113 Douglas, Melvin (movie) 51 Doyle, Col. (C.O. 45th Infantry PS) 107 Drake, General 185 Duckworth, Colonel James 21,30,34,42, 48,55,61,62,75,151,93,199,265, 269 dysentery 116,139,198,217 E

Ears, bag of 120 Easter 1942 138 Elizalde, Mr. Manuel 414 Elliot, Camp 332 emetine 224 Enfield Rifle 303 Engineers, 14th PS 145 Escoda, Mr. & Mrs. Tony 422 Escolta 27, 48,59 Evacuation, front line 120

F Fall of Bataan 173,198 Farallon Islands 3, 330 Fassoth's Camp 140, 200 Fassoth's Camp Roster 362, 363 Fassoth, William 116, 339 Fertig, Col. & Mrs. Laverne 424 Field Artillery, 71st PA 88

Field Artilery, 11 th PA 94 Field Hospital 120 Field Rations, Statistics 98 Filamerican Forces 97,100,103,165,166, 167,186,201 Filipino entrepreneurs 199 Filipino, guerrillas 300 Filipino huts 104 Filipino loyalty 273 Filipinos 165,185,198,199,201 fishing, grenade 195 fishponds 198 flares, colored 75 Flynn, Dhobie 103, 118, 134, 136, 137, 138, 152,194,195,200 flowers in hair 121 food supply 97 footlocker 223 footlocker, contents 320 Formosa 185 Fort'Hughes, 174 Fort McKinley 9, 11, 77, 99, 109 Fort Santiago 165, 166, 214 FOlf, Capt. Lester, MC 183 Fukudomi, Admiral, S. (IJN) 251 Funk, General 147, 149

G Garbo, Greta (movie) 51 Garcia, Jack 234 Garver, Major 16, 17, 18, 36, 45, 47, 57, 67 gasoline 101 Geko48 Geneva Convention 148 Gentry, Lt. William 88 Germany 159 Germany, genocide 163 Gershwin, George 57 Gibraltar of the East 176 G-Is 242 Ingeniuty 242 Gift packages 247 Gilbert Islands 186 Gillette, Lt. AC 5, 48 Glattley, Lt. Col. Harold 55,75,113,124, 127,132,139 Goldman, Doctor Leon 332 Golenternek, Capt. Dan 156 GOM (God's Own Medicine) 219 gonorrhea 233,236 Goodall, Lt. Commander Hap 2 39, 436, 441, 445,448 Good Friday, April 3, 1942 129, 138 Goodman, Lt. Jay 154 Gordon, Lt. Jack 151,155,156 Goudkade, Sgt. NEI Army 457 Government rice control 98 GPFs (Grande Puissance Filloux's) 176 Grace Park Airfield 302 Graef, Calvin 295 Grant, General Ulyses S. 148 Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere 185, 215,263,272 Griffin, Sgt. XII, 88, 240, 303 Guadalcanal 186 Guagua 61,63,65,89,94 Guagua-Porac Line 89,93, 100 Guam 5,33

Bataan Diary

460

Guitol106, 107, 109 Gumain River 94, 100 Gumain River Line 93 Guns, 24G-mm 168 H

Haase, E.F. 'Chief Pharmacist Mate 279, 290 Hacienda 101,104, 105, 109 half rations 97, 101 Hall, Col. Randolph 314 halo- halo 234 Harper, Lt. Col. H.J. 282 Hawaii 3 Hays, Commander 239 Heacock's Store 59 Heda Gocho 233,318 Hede, Lt. Com. Al441 hellcats 302 Hell Ships 166, 275, 279 Brazil Maru 292 Enoura Maru 292 MacArthur's comments 279 Nisho Maru 277,280 Oryoku Maru 275, 280, 290 Shinyo Maru 288 Hermosa 95, 106 Hermosa Line 76 heroes, secret 249,252 High Commissioner, U.S. 177 Himmler, Heinrich 220 Hirschman, Captain Vic 30 Hirohito, Emperor 129 Hiroshima 152 Hoeffel, Captain, USN 147 Hollandia 328 Holmes, Lt. Stanley, & Crane, Major 113, 114,117,127,145,199 Honma, General 82, 87, 93, 94, 115, 148, 183,201 , 220 Honma's 14th Army 89, 102 Honma's plan 184 Honma's timetable 193 Honolulu4 Hope, Bob (movie) 61 Horan,Joe 33 Hospital Center 308 Hospital, Station, Fort McKinley 216 Hospital Tunnel (Corregidor) 176 Hospital #1 74,75,77 , 101,103,114,145 , 165, In, 138, 140, 147, 149, 159, 173,184, 193, 195, 198, 199,200,208, 221,228 Hospital #1, bombing 151,152 Hospital #1 , chief of surgery 151,152 Hospital #1, Pregnant woman 155 Hospital #2 77,101,132,136,137,138,140, 165,166,200,208 Hospital #1 , Little Baguio 156 Hospital, 33rd Infantry PA 118, 124 Hospital, 42nd General, Brisbane 289 Hospital, permanent field 121 Hospital, 51st DivisionPA 127,135,136 hotplate 225 Howitzers, 240 mm 172 Hudgins, Captain 46,52 Hutson, Colonel 74, 117, 224 Hurt, Major 148

Infantry, 33rd PA 74, 109, 113, 116, 117, 120,127,132,145,199 Infantry 22nd PA 86 Infantry, 23rd PA, Battalion of 104 Infantry, 21st PS 94 Infantry, 31stPS95, 100, 106, 109, 113, 131, 136,138,152 Infantry, 31st PA 106, 109 Infantry, 43rd PA 106 Infantry, 45th PA 106 Infantry, 51st, PA 106 Infantry, Brd PA 106 Infantry, 57th PS 101,104,113,135,145, 447 Infantry Point 144 Infantry, 34th USA 321 Inspection jaunts 194 International Committee 428 through 434 Intramuros, Walled city 12, 13, 20, 20 IwoJima 318

J Jackson, Major Calvin 52 , 53 , 54, 57, 59, 61 Jai Alai 13, 22, 38, n , 77 James Ravine 124, 184 Japan 186 Japanese, currency 299 Japanese, grammer school 234 Japanese, guards (Mariveles) 198 Japanese, friendly 197 Japanese, IJA (Imperial Japanese Army) 220 Advance 99 Airforce 97 Army, 14th 115 bicycle, mounted 91 brutality 159 Division, 16th 215 , 220 doctors 154, 155 Infantry, 9th 103,104,106, 107,108 Infantry, 61st Tank 184 Infantry, 141st 104,106 Imai, Col. (C.O. 141st Infantry) 105 guards, brainwashing (Bilibid) 241, 308 knee mortars 95 landings, Lingayan Gulf 98 marines 173 plan for softening the "Rock" 183 planes 95, 177 prisoners 154 snipers 195 tactics, infiltration 103, 108 Tank Regiment, 7th 145 timetable 149 troops 209,211, 215, 218 troops, cavalry 150 trucks 200 Johnson, Lt.Col. HaroldJ. 282, 387.397, 399 Jones, General(C.O. 51stInf. PA) 87,88 , 96, 101, 104, 105, 106, 108 K

K-Ration 311 Kasuga, Kasumi 155

Kentner's Journal 280 King, General Edward 132,135,147,148, 149,156,167, 201,264 King, General, (Memorial) 157 King, Gen. (Headquarters) 124 Kitchen, Sgt. Cecil, USA XII, 210, 264 Kirk, General Norman T. XIV, XV, 22, 26, 327 Kramb, gunners mate 448 Kramer, Col. J.E. (Quartermaster) 403 Kubota, interpreter for author's trial 303, 304, 305 Kuby 249 Kura Kura 160 Kurusu, Ambassador 60 L

Lake Taal63 Lamb, Colonel Kenneth IX, XII, 265, 314, 339, 360 Lamb, Col. K . papers 140 Lamao 139,47,148, 156 Lamao River 145 Lamon Bay 82, 89 Lamy, Doctor 198 Landing barges 321 Las Pinas 46 Lasang 288 Lawton, Manny 295,301 Layac Line 93,100 LayacJunction 94 Leake, Professor Chauncey XIII Lee, General 148 Lee, Bushy 46, 47 , 109 Lehrbas, Colonel Lloyd 314 Letterman XIV Lewis, General 105 Lim, General Vicente (41st Div.) 101, 127, 132,199 Limayn,74,101 , l17,118,124,132, 138,160 Lingayen Bay, withdrawal plan 82 Lingayan Gulf82 , 89, 274, 317 Little Baguio 77, 114, 139 Litvinoff, Maxim 61 lizard, geka 14, 15 Locklear, pharmacist mate 280 Longoskawayan Point 115, 146 loud speaker 116 Lough, General Maxon 106,107, 108,127, 132, 135, 145 Lubao 39, 89, 161 Lubao, churchtower 40 Lucena 216 Lugao 129 Lumba, Lt. Gerry 128 Luneta 48 Lurline, USS 328, 330 Luther twins 230 Luzon 97, 201, 215 Luzon Forces, North& South n, 75, 77, 82, 87 , 89 , 95,97,98,165 , 166, 184, 201 Luzon Forces, South, withdrawal 88 Luzon Force Headquarters 148 M

Mabatang 101 Mabatang Line 101, 103, 106,109

461

Index

MacArthur, General Douglas XII, 22, 28, 69, 72,82,88,96,97,103,108,109,145, 147,177,184,185.201,249,251,301, _ 319, 321 MacArthur's Headquarters 98,104 MacArthur's Staff, Bilibid visit 314 Mack, Col. E.C. 384, 397 Macleod, John F. 416 MacMurray, Fred (movie) 5 Mactan, USS 77 Madamba, Colonel 1 33, 13 7 Magellan 13, 20, 328 Majors, Ergo Dr. XII Malacanan Palace 228, 254 Malinta Hill 174, 176, 184, 185 Malinta Tunnel 177, 179,184,321 malaria 116,139,217 malaria medication 267 Malay Barrier 185 malnutrition 116 Mamala River & Delta 74,75,99, 114, 138, 145 Mandaluyong Bridge 78 manhole cover (author's escape plan) 241 Manila, open city 98 Manila129,201,208,209,215,216,220 Manila Bay 127, 176, 185 Manila Bay, fortified islands 185 Manila Hotel 5 Map (See section on maps) March of Shame 268 Mariana Islands 5, 299 marines 174 Mariveles77, 115, 124, 159, 160, 162, 173, 193,195,197,198,199,228,440 Mariveles air field 161 Mariveles, demolition 145 Marshall, General George C. 109, 183 Marsman's Yacht, (twin diesel) 229, 234 Matsuobe General 115, 145, 155, 156, 156, 160,161,167,168,198,229 Mauban 101,115 McBride, General 101 McDonald, Jeanette & Nelson Eddy 32 McGrath, EnsignJames, USNR 280 McKinley Medical School Ball Roster 62 McKinley Hospital XIV, 10, 31 McKinley Officers Club 10,50 McManus, Chaplain 441 McNeil, Lt. 77, 78 McNutt, Paul V. U.S. High Commissioner 364 Mecauayan 209 Medical Officers, excess 121 Medical Battalion, 21st Div. PA 127 Medical Battalion, 51stDiv. PA 131 Medical Regiment, 12th PS 74, 75, 94, 95, 99, 113, 114, 140, 166 Medical Regiment (12th) Hdqtrs. Co. 76, 138 Medical Regiment, 12th, P.S. staff 127 Medical, state of the art 208 mental stress, constant worries 274 Meyer, Dr. Carl XII Midway 186 Miller, Lt. 63, 216 Mindanao 184, 191,234 Mindoro 6, 234 Miranda, Carmen (movie) 43 MLR (Main Line of Resistance 129

Moji, Japan 293 Moluccas 185 monkey tribe 116, 117 Montalban, (bat caves) 241 Montgomery, Robert (movie) 62 Moore, General 185 Moro soldiers 120 Moron 101,106 Morrill, Lt. Comdr. 449 mortars, Corregidor 168,173 Mt. Arayat 29,86 Mt. Banahao 215 Mt. Bataan 97,118 Mt. Mayon 5 Mt. Mariveles 170, 196 Mt. Natib 97,101,106 Mt. Samat 113, 117, 120, 129, 165, 174, 199 Morrison Hill 172 Mucci, Doctor 300 Mule 119 Mule, guileless 196 Mule head 116 Muntinlupa 210 Myers, Don 295 N

NafZiger, Professor Howard XIV Nagano, GeneralIJA 147, 148, 149 Nagano's Headquarters 148 Nakayama, Colonel 148, 149 Nanking 98 Napa, USS 147 Nara, General IJA 102, 103, 106, 107, 115 Narwhal, USS 289 Nasugbu 63 Navy, U.S. 165 Navy, Philippine 165 Navy, tunnel 176 Nazi, power 186 Negritos 76,116 Negrito family 118 Neibert, Evangeline C. 393 Nelson, Lt. Frank 327, 333 New Guinea 328 Newport Beach 332 news gathering 253 New Zealand 185, 201 Nichols Field 48, 69, 215 Nip artillery 177 Nip hatred 167 North Cemetery 209, 314 North Channel 173 North Point 184 Norton, Nancy Belle 249,339 Nurses 147,151,183,185 Nurses quarters 199

o Oberon, Merle (movie) 29 Observation Balloon Co. (Cabcaben) 177 O'Day, Ray Colonel 72, 251, 295 O'Donnell, Lt. 17, 30, 50, 67 O'Donnel, Camp 149, 161, 162, 165, 166, 185,200,217,218,263,268 Odyssey, sad 333 Olongapo 89,106, 135, 140, 145, 177,281 Olympio63

OPLR (Outpost Line of Resistance) 120 Orange Plan (WPO-3) 97 Orani 40, 77, 82, 94, 95, 136, 163 Orion 74, 109, 113, 159, 160, 161, 162, 168, 198 Orion-Bagac Road 101, 113, 166 Orion-Bagac Line 165 Osborne, Lt. Charles MC 199 Otter, Lt. "Red" 443 P

P-38, & P-51 US Airforce 304 Palace, High Commissioner's (U.S.) 6, 9, 60,98 palay 198 Pambusco, buses 132 Pampanga 161 Pampanga River 39, 69, 70, 209 Pampanga Swamp 320 Pandacan 77, 228 Pangalima Hassan 120 Pantingan River 113,117,118,120 Paper Army 97 parachute troops 320 Paratroops, 503rd USA 320, 321, 326 Parker, General 28, 82, 87,101,103,104, 106, 108, 165 Parker's II Corps 97 Pasig River 12, 20, 48, 50 Pateros 44 Pearl Harbor 102, 174, 186 Pellagrin 245 Pedro (cook) 17, 18, 19,45,67 Peeping Tom, observation baloon 173 Penicillin 319 Perilman, Lt. William, MC 151, 156 Peters, Major Joe MC 77 phenomena (dog packs, mice & rats) 195 Philippines 72, 166, 185, 186, 193, 194, 215 Philippine Army 94, 102, 116, 160, 165 Philippine Garrison 186 Philippine Scouts 72, 82, 132, 174, 165 Philippine Army General Hospital 196, 198 Philippine Archipelago 201 Photo Joe 28, 29, 136 pig pen com)l\3-nd 134 pigs, wild 194 Pierce, President USS XV, 59, 328 Pilar 129 Pilar-Bagac Reserve Line 100, 108 Pilar-Bagac Road 101,103,115,119,120, 160 Pilar River 113, 115, 13 6 Pineapple patch 118 Pirovano, Mr. Enrico 414 Plaridel 88 Pneumothorax 256 Polo 34 Porac 93 Porac-Guagua Line 94 Port Area, Manila 215 Port Moresby 186, 329 postcards 245 Post Exchange 78 POW camps (Korea, Japan, Manchuria, Taiwan) 279 POWs (Prisoners of War) 218

462

Bataan Diary

POWs cleanup party 215 Prison Emporium 223 Prisoners, Dutch and British 258 Project-J 332 Propaganda leaflets 161 Provisional Aircorps Division 135, 137, 145 pygmies 29

Q quakes, explosions 152 quan 247 quan can 277 Quartermaster tunnel 176 Quarters, 65A 15 Quesenberry, Colonel 79 Quezon, Pres. Manuel 82, 98, 147, 177 Quezon Blvd. 109,215,304 QUinauan Point 115 quinine 101,183 R

rabies 245 radio, secret construction 242 Rangers, 6th Army, USA 273 Rape of Nanking 215 Raulston, Major John 75, 139 Real River 77 Red Cross Packages 244 Redistribution Station, Lingayan 318 Regiment, 2nd Constabulary 120 reports, information 249 Rescue 311 Regiment, 4th Marines 165 Riedeman, Sgt. Harvey XII, 88, 303 Riley, Chaplain Stanley 119 Roby, Major 139 Rock, armament 176 Ronquillo, Dr. Melquiades 384 Roosevelt, Pres. F.D. 147,184,186,231 ROTC (Manila Highschool) 86

S sabong 18 Sackett, Capt. E.1. USN 436 Safari 197 salad oil 193, 198 Salian Trail 104 salvage operations 215 salvage parties (Mariveles) 261 Samat, Mt. 127, 145, 159 Samurai 161 San Bernardino Straits 5 San Fernando 89,161,209,233,317 boxcar 162 cockpit 159,162 "continued next Saturday" 233 SanJose94,201,228 San Lazaro 45 San Vicente River 114,127,145 Santiago, Fort 244 Santo Tomas (Civilian Internee Camp) 410 Sartain, Commander Lee B. 211, 215, 223, 239 Sasaki, Lt. 149, 151,185,198,229,230, 317,457 brainwashed 231

food fraud 236 radio 230 reprisal 232 torture methods 232 War Crimes Tribunal 233 Savary, Gladys 364 sawali (bamboo matting) 194 Schauten Islands 328, 330 Schock, Colonel John 167 Sector C Provisional Aircorps 137 Selleck, General (C.O. 71st Div.) 95 Service Command 101 Sex moan 94 Shakedown 167 Sharp, General 3, 185, 191 Sheehan, medical corpsman 196 Shoe Factory 314 shoes, bullet holes 194 Shreve, Lt. Colonel Arthur 1. 386 Sibuyan Sea 6, 17, 288 Si-Kiang 97 Sindangan River 288 Singapore 78 Singapore veterans 160 Singer (screw driver) 131 sleeping beauties 196 Smith, Commander Carey 222 snipers 120 Solomons 186 Sorcerer's apprentice (latrine) 242 Southern Islands 166 Spain 176 Spanish Fleet 99 Special Prisoners 243, 244 Ballard, Private 244 Barnbrook, Army Non-Com 244 Berry, Ensign 244, 269, 270 Beyuka, Private Edward 244 Cameron, Private 244 Klett, Civil Service 244 Sanborn, Ensign 244 Thompson, a Marine 244 Toups, Private (a Cajun) 244 Turk, Ensign 244,269,270 Specht, Corporal Eugene L, USMC 291 split-pea soup 331 SPMs (Self Propelled Mounts) 109 Spotters (observation planes) 173 Squadron, 27th Materiel 19th bomb group 137 "Stars and Stripes Forever" 225 Station Hospital 11 Steel Colonel (31 st Div. PS) 107 Sternberg Hospital 13, 15,72,77 Stotsenberg, Fort 127 Stragglers 131, 132, 137, 140 153 Styer, W.D. Lt. General 364 Subic Bay 281 Submarine, mail 126 Submarines, (Seadraggon, and Snapper) 124 Submarine, U.S. 83 Sukahara 210 Surgical Pavilion 152.1- 229 Surrender, unconditional 148 Sutherland, General 108

tactics, hit and run 88 Tagaytay, 63, 67 Tailor ants 197 Taiwanese 217.220 Takahashi Detachment 93 Takao, Taiwan 292 Tanaka Detachment 94 Tank Battalions & 194th 82, 84, 94, 108, 109 Tank Battle 88 Tank Farm (Oil) Pandacan 99 Tanks 135 Tanks to the Rescue 308 Tarlac 89 Tayabas Detail road construction 211, 215, 216,219 Tayabas, light clay, black carbon 217 Tayabas, horses 216 Tayabas, site 84, 88 Tayug 86 Tenno,Jimmu 129 Threatt, Mr. Fred 385 Tiawer River 117, 121 Tiger of Malaya 193 Toban (dog robber) 18 Tojo, Prime Minister 225 Tondo 54,59 topiary facade 128 Topside 124 Toshino, Lt. (guard commander) 292 Trail 2 127, 129, 131 trip lines (cans) 117 trouble shooter 127 troops, lost 99 Truth, Moment of 123 Tsunami 136 Tsuneyoshi, Camp Commander O'Donnel 264 typhoon 328 typhoon, Bilibid 256 typhoon signals 10

Tacloban, Leyte 327

U.c. Medical School XII, XIII U.C.Hospital XIV Underground activities, Cabanatuan 273 Underground Supply lines 299 Urdaneta 86 U.S. 186 USAFFE 98,104,108,140 USAFFE, Headquarters 124,176, 177 U.S. Army 165 Utinsky, Margaret 398

V Valencia 14.16.29.33.44,46,67 Vallejo, Fely 59 Van Allen, Jack Sgt. 154, 216 Veterinary Dept. 99 Victoria Bataana Sullivan 156 Visayan Islands 184 Vitamin-B Compound 267 Vitamin Deficiency Diseases 116 von Peterffy, George 183

Wada, Japanese interpreter 291, 292

Index

463

Washington Naval Treaty (1922) 176 Wainwright, Gen. Jonathan 17,18,19, 27,' 28,67,69,82,88,94,96,101,103,108, ___ 145, 148, 165, 184, 185, 185, 186, 193, 201, 364 Wainwright's Headquarters 11 Walk, Sgt. Earl 95, 106, 116, 139, 140, 200,408 Walled City 36,314 Wappenstein, Colonel 86 War Crimes Trial 106 Warehouse, quartermaster 78 Warspite 19 water spouts 317 watchword, "Keep alive until '45" 225 Weapons, destruction 147

Weaver, General (tank group) 93, 109 Weitzner, Sgt Dan 228, 229, 236 Weldon, Sgt. 216 Welles, Orson (movie) 32 Whipple, George Hoyt, M.D. XII whistle weed (as food) 256 Whitney, Commander 253 Wilkes, Captain John, USN 439 will power (monetary value) 245 Wing, Ensign P. USNR 282 Wilson, Major MC 240 Winship, Lt. MC 216 Wisocki, Lt. 5 Wolfson, Rosina 418 Wood, General Leonard 122 working parties, Manila and Mariveles 261

Bataan Diary

'~"

Port area, Bilibid, Cabanatuan 274 Worthington, Colonel 34,46, 48, 50, 51, 62, 63,139 WPO-3 (Orange Plan) 72, 73, 86, 97, 98, 101, 108

Y Yangco Market 17, 19 Yanks, entry of 309 yeast cultures 242 Yvonne (Mrs. Paul Ashton) 331 Z

Zambales Mountains 40,95,99,140 Zamboanga 288

And Somebody Gives a Damn!

{v If: til ~" ;p.

by Captain Ashton Both books contain over 400 pages (double column) with many original photographs and maps describing experiences during the defense and fall of Bataan, Corregidor, the Death Marches and the years of imprisonment that followed. Bataan Diary describes the author's activities during the war and prison period while the new book "And Somebody Gives a Damn!" concerns the activities of others - nurses, as well as an array ofPOWs during the imprisonment years, including their transfer to Japan on Hell Ships, and their final rescue. .

I"/N/

Available from the author, Paul L. Ashton, M.D(y'"c.J "l1l(JI'hle. ASHTON HJBU( {TUmS 306 East Los Olivos Street â&#x20AC;˘ Santa Barbara, CA 93105 (805) 687-6002 Bataan Diary .... ....................... .................. $35 + & shipping & handling And Somebody Gives a Damn! .................. $3$'+ $~-shipping & handling Both books ordered together.. .. ............ .. ... .$'10 + . 9 shipping & handling Add Wper book for hard-bound (CA residents add

7J;. sales tax.)

Now it is finished, this book I have written to commemorate the gradually dimming deeds and events relating to my long dead military companions as well as those in the fast diminishing ranks of survivors. When I began to assemble these memories, while our war still sputtered and boiled, I was vaguely conscious of furtively stealing the wine of victory from those who rescued us. The taste was heady and at first it diluted, then drowned completely our defeat. The drunken spree lasted for years after the conflict and I allowed the feeling of our national invincibility to pervade me (to such an extent that our defeats in Bataan, Corregidor and Pearl Harbor became "just a fluke"). In recent years I have become aware of vague unsettled feelings, especially as I again perceive the national drift of public opinion toward pocketbook pacifism. This had gained much momentum before WWII until checked by the realism of Pearl Harbor. Then it always reappears after a period of peace. Let me go back a few years and "fill you in" on some little known events that resulted from allowing our policy of preparedness to lapse. Most military histories are like a necklace of separate incidents strung together, each event contributed by a single observer as though seen through a key hole. That is because all soldiers, be they general or private, are anchored in their particular unit like coral on a reef--except for me. It was my fortune as a trouble-shooting medical field officer to enjoy great mobility, constantly roving from one unit to another throughout Bataan. As adjutant of General Wainwright's Philippine Division Medical Regiment and assistant Bataan Force Surgeon, my job kept me con-

stantly on the move to wherever there was action. Later in the campaign when we ran out of gasoline, I spent most of my time with Philippine Army medical battalions setting up field hospitals until the fall of Bataan. (Thus were the original MASH units established.) Following that I became Chief of Surgery at General Hospital #1. During the three years that ensued I had many adventures in the prison camps artd working parties as a physician. Not the least of these was the return of General MacArthur commanding the now powerful armed forces and the rescue of the few remaining survivors. This magnificent military, naval and air operation was witnessed by the author only in memory of his comrades by then, for most were already dead of starvation and disease. While the doomed survivors continued an accelerated progress to their graves, even after their return home. To this day there occurs a welling-up of grief in me whenever I recall those long dead friends and comrades. I can only blame it upon my deep anxiety over the state of unreadiness into which I have watched our nation again submerge. Unheeded historical lessons will surely be repeated because a decade or two' without war seems to silence or remove all of those old enough to remember them. Here again it may well come to pass that our next debacle like Pearl Harbor, Bataan, and Corregidor (with which we seem to start all wars), will not even serve to arouse the sleeping nation,steeped in love, as it fumbles to fight off another treacherous enemy whose predatory "High Command" strikes without warning. The next time there may not be enough determined men left, only those with flowers in their hair shouting, "Hell no, I won't go." ISBN #

0-9627164-3-