Lest we forget : the brave & honorable guerrillas and Philippine Scouts of WW II : including a remin

LEST WE FORGET: THE BRAVE & HONORABLE GUERRILLAS AND PHILIPPINE SCOUTS OF WW II INCLUDING A REMINDER OF THE TORTURES ON THE DEATH MARCH, IN THE PRISON CAMPS AND ON THE CIVILIANS by Denny Milligan, retired California Attorney and former US Marine

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All rights reserved by the Author.

Copyright 2010 by W. Denny Milligan

No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the author, except brief passages quoted in a review.

Any copy or reproduction of this book without the written authorization of the author either comes from an illegitimate, unauthorized source or is in possession of one who has no authority to dispose of this book. Such person will be prosecuted both criminally and civilly and if the person is or plans to be licensed as an attorney, real estate broker or other licensee, such license will be revoked for this criminal action (see also Philippine Penal Code 308-311).

ISBN 978-971-011-120-6

Published by: Central Book Supply Inc. 927 Phoenix Bldg. Quezon Avenue, Quezon City Philippines 1104

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE .. .. . .. . . ... . ... .... . . ..... . .............. .. . . ........ ix 1. INTRODUCTION . .... . . .. . . ........ . .... . ... ....... .. . .. ... .. . 1 2. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES ... . ..... ... . . ... .......... .. 10 THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS HISTORICALLY VERSUS POLITICALLY CORRECT A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES

3. BEFORE THE WAR BEGAN IN THE PACIFIC .. ... ... . . . .. . ... .. 27 INTRODUCTION GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR FORTS AND AIR BASES DURING WW II

4. THE WAR WAS COMING SOON . ... . . ... .. .. ... ... ... . ... ... . 32 INTRODUCTION FILIPINO REGULAR ARMY DESERTIONS BY MANY OF THE PHILIPPINE ARMY FERTIG'S EXPLANATION OF WHY FILIPINOS RAN RATHER THAN FIGHT ON BATAAN TROOP SIZES THE PHILIPPINE SCOUTS FORT STOTSENBURG

5. JAPANESE BOMB PEARL HARBOR AND THE PHILIPPINES .... . . . .. .. . ........ . ....... . .... . 41 THE UNITED STATES' SHAMEFUL LIE THE BOMBING OF PEARL HARBOR AND THE PHILIPPINES GETTING INTO THE FEELING OF THE WAR

6. JAPANESE LANDING IN THE LINGAYEN GULF .. . .... . . . .. ... . 49 INTRODUCTION MANILA DECLARED AN OPEN CITY MILITARY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE (MIS)

7. SOME INITIAL FILIPINO HEROES .... . ... . .. ..... ...... . .. ... 59 A FILIPINO CONGRESSIONAL MEDAL OF HONOR WINNER GENERAL VICENTE LIM, ANOTHER FILIPINO HERO CHIEF JUSTICE JOSE ABAD SANTOS MORE SCOUTS AND UP ROTC CADETS

8. BATAAN AND CORREGIDOR . . .... . ... ...... . . ..... .. ... ..... 64 TROOPS MOVED TO BATAAN BATTLE OF BATAAN FIGHTER PILOTS ON BA TAAN HOSPITALS AT MARIV ALES

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CORREGIDOR 9. ROOSEVELT AND MACARTHUR . ... . .... . .. . ....... .. . . . . . ... 83 ROOSEVELT ORDERED MACARTHUR TO AUSTRALIA HAD THE PHILIPPINES REALLY BEEN "ABANDONED"?

10. THE SURRENDER . . . . ... ... ... .... ... ..... .. ... . .. . . .. ... .. . 86 THESURRENDEROFBATAAN THE MEN HAD BEEN STARVING AND SICK THE SURRENDER OF CORREGIDOR COL./GEN. CARLOS P. ROMULO FLOODING MANILA WITH SILVER THE DISEASES AND OTHER HEALTH PROBLEMS SUFFERED BY THE MEN GOING FULL CIRCLE 11. THE BATAAN DEATH MARCH . . . .... .. .. ....... .. .. . ..... . .. 97 WHERE IT BEGAN THE GENEVA CONVENTION VIOLATIONS 12. THREE OF THE DEATH CAMPS: O'DONNELL, CABANATUAN AND TARLAC . . ...... . ..... 117 CAMP O' DONNELL CABANATUAN PRISON CAMP TARLAC 13. THE BEGINNING OF THE GUERRILLA MOVEMENT . .... ... .. 127 INTRODUCTION WHY US OFFICERS WERE APPOINTED OVER FILIPINO OFFICERS WHO WERE BETTER QUALIFIED AMERICAN SUBMARINES RADIOS & WEATHER STATIONS DISTINGUISHING FRIEND & FOE MICKEY MOUSE MONEY LT. CMDR. "CHICK" PARSONS 14. WESTERN LUZON GUERRILLAS . . . . ... . .. . ... .. ..... . . .. .. 137 LT. COL. CLAUDE THORPE CAPT. JOSEPH R. BARKER CAPT. RALPH MCGUIRE COL. GYLES MERRILL LT'/CAPT. BARTOLOMEO CABANGBANG OTHER ZAMBALES GUERRILLAS THE KEMPEl TAl 15. CENTRAL LUZON GUERRILLAS .. ... ... .. .. .... . . . .... .. .. . 146 LT. (LATER LT. COL.) EDWIN RAMSEY CORPORAL/COLONEL JOHN BOONE LT. COL. NARCISO MANZANO (PS) LT. COL. HUGH STRAUGHN' S

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IRREGULAR TROOPS (FAIT) HUNTER' S ROTC GUERRILLAS MAJOR (LATER COL.) BERNARD ANDERSON CAPT.IMAJOR ROBERT LAPHAM COL. MARCOS "MARKING" AGUSTIN AND YAY P ANLILIO TRINIDAD DIAZ, A GUERRILLA HEROINE SGT/COL. RAY C. HUNT, JR. PRESIDENT QUEZON'S OWN GUERRILLAS CHINESE ANTI-JAPANESE GUERRILLA FORCES HUKBO NG BAYAN LABAN SA HAPON (the "Huks) 16. NORTHERN LUZON GUERRILLAS . .. ... . . ...... ... .. ... .. . . 166 MAJOR WALTER CUSHING CAPT. GUILLERMO NAKAR GOVERNOR ROQUE B. ABLAN OF ILOCOS NORTE CAPT. (LATER MAJOR) RALPH PRAEGER MAJOR (LATER LT. COL.) EVERETT WARNER LT. COL. RUSSELL W. VOLCKMANN TWO VALUABLE DOUBLE AGENTS SOME OTHER NORTHERN LUZON GUERRILLAS 17. TWO OF THE MOST NOTED WOMEN GUERRILLAS . ... . . . . . 181 MARGARET UTINSKY CLAIRE PHILLIPS 18. THE UNDERGROUND MOVEMENT . ............. . .. ... ..... . 188 IN MANILA OTHER UNDERGROUND HEROES THE ULTIMATE TRAITOR DR. EMIGIDIO CRUZ, ANOTHER FILIPINO HERO WHERE ARE THE HEROES BURIED

19. THE COLLABORATORS . ... .. ....... . ....... . ... ... . .. . . ... 205 INTRODUCTION ZONING OR ZONIFICA TION THE MAKAPILIS AND THE OTHER SUSPECTED COLLOBORATORS JOSE LAUREL MANUEL ROXAS SOME OF THE OTHERS THE BOGUS TRIALS JAPANESE TRIALS AGAINST THE GUERRILLAS AND OTHERS FORT SANTIAGO AND THE JAP TORTURES 20. A JAPANESE-AMERICAN HERO IN THE PHILIPPINES . . . . . . . 225 A JAPANESE-AMERICAN HERO

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PRISON BREAK AT NEW BlLIBID IN MUNTINGLUP A 21. COLONEL FERTIG ON MINDANAO . .. ............... . ...... 231 INTRODUCTION HOW HE BEGAN 22. GUERRILLAS ON SOME OF THE OTHER ISLANDS . .......... 243 INTRODUCTION LT. COL. MACARIO PERALTA, JR. ON PANAY MAJOR (LATER COL.) JESUS A. VILLAMOR ON NEGROS JOSE (MODESTO) CASTANEDA ON NEGROS MAJOR (LATER LT. COL.) SALVADOR ABCEDE ONNEGROS LT. COL. JAMES A. CUSHING AND HARRY FENTON INCEBU JAPANESE SECRET OPERATIONAL "Z" PLANS FOUND MAJOR ISMAEL INGENIERO AND CAPT/COLONEL ESTEBAN BERNIDO IN BOHOL LT. COL. RUPERTO KANGLEON IN LEYTE AND SAMAR AND MANY MORE THE ALAMO SCOUTS 23. THE AMERICANS AND ALLIES WERE ON THE WAY . ... .. ... 258 ALMOST THERE 24. SOME OF THE BATTLES TO REGAIN THE PHILIPPINES . .... 260 BATTLE OF LEYTE GULF BATTLE OF ORMOC BAY (LEYTE) BATTLE OF MINDORO AN INTERESTING NOTE ON MINDORO 25. AMERICAN TROOPS LAND AT THE LINGAYEN GULF . ....... 267 THE LANDING YAMASHITA'S BATTLE PLAN THE CORREGIDOR ASSAULT THE BATTLE AT ZIG ZAG PASS THERE'S GOLD IN THEM THAR HILLS 26. DEATH CAMP ESCAPE, RESCUES, THE MASSACRE AND THE HELL SHIPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 280 IN GENERAL DAV AO PENAL COLONY (DAPECOL) RESCUEOFCABANATUAN LOS BANOS PRISON CAMP RESCUE PALA WAN PRISON CAMP MASSACRE HELL SHIPS TO JAPAN 27. THE MANILA MASSACRE, ITS RESCUE AND ITS BATTLES . ................. .. .. .... .... 292 JOSEFINA GUERRERO, A FILIP INA HEROINE THE RESCUE OF MANILA SHOULD THE US HAVE ENTERED MANILA?

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THE RESCUE AT OLD BILIBID PRISON IN MANILA THE RESCUE AT THE PRISON CAMP AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS THE FINAL BATTLE AT INTRAMUROS THE SLAUGHTER AND RAPES IN MANILA THE BATTLE AT IPO DAM 28. THE BATTLES IN NORTHERN LUZON . ...................... 326 INTRODUCTION THE CAPTURE OF BAGUIO THE BATTLE OF VILLA VERDE TRAIL THE BATTLE OF BALETE (NOW DALTON) PASS AND SANTA FE THE BATTLE AT BESSANG PASS ACTION TOWARD BONTOC 29. THE BATTLES DOWN SOUTH . .............................. 343 CLEARING THE VISA YAN ISLANDS THE CONQUEST OF MINDANAO THE PHONEY "LAST MINUTE" GUERRILLAS (aka the "ESCOL TA GUERRILLAS") 30. NEAR THE END OF THE WAR . .............................. 348 THE ATOMIC BOMB MACARTHUR'S TRIBUTE TO THE PHILIPPINE GUERRILLAS THE JAPANESE "SELECTIVE" MEMORY (REVISIONS) OF THE WAR GEN, LIM'S, GEN. ROMULO'S, AND GEN. WAINWRIGHT'S FAMOUS QUOTES WE MUST NEVER FORGET REFERENCES/SOURCES OF BOOKS . ........................... 353 INDEX ................................................... .... 356 MAPS AND PHOTOS

The photos came from different sources some of which the author personally took; some were from the American Historical Collection, a few from the October 1940 National Geographic Magazine, most of the maps from Robert Smith's, "Triumph in the Philippines, The War in the Pacific" (Center of Military History, US Army), and others as indicated. They were more than helpful.

IF YOU HAVE ANY COMMENTS ABOUT THE BOOK AND WISH TO EMAIL ME.PLEASEDOSOAT:milliganwd@yahoo.com

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DEDICATION This book is dedicated to the true heroes of yesterday who seem to have been forgotten: the Guerrillas and Philippine Scouts, as well as the civilian underground in Manila, those in the towns and barangays, and all those who participated in the freeing of the Philippines during WW II. I deeply honor you all. You shall not be forgotten.

WORDS ALONE CANNOT DESCRIBE THE PRIDE I HAVE FOR THESE INCREDIBLY BRAVE AND HONORABLE MEN AND WOMEN. MY HEART GROWS WARMER, MY HEAD AND CHIN ARE RAISED HIGHER AND MY SMILE BROADENS AT THE VERY THOUGHT OF THESE MEN AND WOMEN. I AM SO VERY, VERY PROUD OF THEM.

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PREFACE

There have been many excellent books written about what went on in the Philippines during those trying years of WW II, books written by many of the men and women who actually lived and fought there and whose friends died there.

Some of these books are still available and some are many years out of print.

Some are easy to locate yet others are quite difficult or almost impossible to find. l I encourage those of you who are interested in reading those books (some are still at various libraries, and in the US , they can be checked out on an inter-library loan from one library to another).

Luckily I was able to find and read the ones cited in the footnotes and at the end of this book. There is also a great deal of information on the internet both in written and picture form. So this book is a recapitulation, a summary of those myriad books after spending hundreds of hours reading and digesting them and putting them in this capsule form.

Since it was difficult to determine which guerrillas to concentrate on (both American and Filipino), perhaps this book can be used as a stepping off place for those who wish to go deeper and delve into the lives of these heroes and the ones I was unable to add. Space limitations just did not allow any more. Just be aware that there were thousands more of these heroes. Plus, after reading the more than 60 books on this topic (and numerous internet articles which are easy to locate and I encourage you to read them), it became clear that they are/were written from that person's standpoint which could be somewhat biased. So just be aware of that as you read even this book, although I did my best to be objective (except when it came to the rapes and tortures and then I almost blew my top).

The book also contains some of my own exploits traveling around the various places where the battles and prison camps were/are located and where I took a number of photos some of which are contained in this book. I also had the honor of talking with some of the guerrillas, Philippine Scouts and prisoners or their relatives. I thank them so very much for their heroism, their stories and their insights of what happened-and what should have happened.

This is my feeble attempt to show the bravery of the Filipinos and the Americans and the brutality of those participating Japanese, remembering that not

1 In RP there are a number of places where at least some of these books and/or photos can be read or seen: (1) Ateneo University Library off Katipunan in QC (they are at 3 different places: at the American Historical Collection on the 3,d Floor of the Rizal Library Annex, the Filipiiliana section on the 2,d Floor, and the third at the New Bldg); (2) the Palacio Del Gobernador Bldg., 5 th Floor in Intramuros (where the Architect's office is located); (3) the National Historical Institute on TM Kalaw St., Ermita; (4) Veteran' s Foundation of the Philippines off the South Expressway (it also has a museum" archives and theater; it is not easy to find, so make sure you have a driver who knows where it is); (5) Thomas Jefferson Library (it may still be at the US Embassy) which [understand has hundreds of photos of WW II in RP; (6) UP Diliman Library in QC, and others. All of these are really neat to see if you have time.

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all Japanese were so heinous. Yet in this book, the emphasis is on the guerrillas and the Filipino Scouts who have been so sadly neglected- until now.

Although my writing is not eloquent like one of my favorite authors, Gen. Romulo, this book has a different slant from all the others. Virtually all of those books generally concentrate on only one particular aspect or person, but none consider all of the battles, all the people and all places during the war except this one. This is also the only one that concentrates on the Filipino in much more detail than most of the rest. Perhaps that is what makes this book unique. So if you are just looking for what the Americans did, this book is not the one for you.

The book is a reminder: a reminder of what occurred and what could occur again if we don't keep our guard up. As the statement goes: if you want peace, you must prepare for war. And I don 't just mean a military war; I also mean the war against corruption and graft: the war against greed and selfishness: the war against poverty and incompetence: the war of not allowing government to rule our lives so that we "depend" upon it and give up our liberties that our ancestors fought so hard for. Unfortunately, our liberty is at stake- like it or notunless you, yes YOU get involved and join a crusade to make this change. And that goes for America as well as the Philippines. Perhaps just as importantly, the true meaning of utang na loob should be understood both by the Filipinos and the Americans.

One of the statements that appears on a Japanese shrine are the words (translated to English) "Woe unto him who has not tasted defeat." You see, too often too much victory leads to overconfidence and can readily lead to mistakes: and both were overconfident and both made mistakes. Since America had literally not lost a major encounter since it began (except for Vietnam and that was, again, the fault of the incompetent idiots in Washington and the cowards who were/are afraid to join the military), it behooves the US to take note of that statement. And since the proof of the pie is in the eating, America "ate its lunch," so to speak, during the first 3 years of the war in the Philippines . .Stated simply, it was not prepared. There is a lot of meaning in the Boy Scouts ' motto: Be Prepared. Neither American nor RP were prepared.

The Japanese clearly taught America the need for military preparedness.

They gave the Philippines the lessons on lies, empty promises, treachery and thievery. Both are sets of lessons we should not forget.

This book, therefore, should be at least in part, a good training lesson of what must be done next time .. . and the time after that. Too many lives were lost because of not being prepared. Too many lives were lost because of the political squabbling between the various incompetent politicians back in Washington, D.C. (and yes, even among some of the guerrilla leaders). When will those Washington idiots realize that the military (as long as they also do not get twisted up with politics themselves) are better qualified to decide about war and how many troops and supplies are necessary--certainly not the politicians most of whom wormed their way out of never having to serve in the military.

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This is a yet untold story of the Filipino heroes of WW II, not only the guerrillas and the Philippine Scouts-but also the underground civilians in and around Manila many of whom gave their lives in defending their country. There were thousands of them and they must not be forgotten .

Any civilian reading this book, i.e. those who have not been in the military serving their country, may find it a little "militaristic," and technical in some areas. So bearing that in mind, I have tried to make it an easy read. And for the younger men and women (both American and Filipino), if you have any interest in history, there is a lot of history in these pages. And for the Filipino, it will help develop more pride in your country, at least in the country it used to be.

For those who live in the Philippines (it is now known as the Republic of the Philippines, sometimes shortened in this book to "RP"), or who were born and raised there and now live in the US, they will be aware of the various places. But since there will also be other readers, many of whom may never have been to RP, they will not be acquainted with the geography, so I have tried to make it easier with the various maps, diagrams, etc.

While reading the various books and talking with some guerrillas and Scouts and other folks who were alive during those years, I would occasionally have trouble with the exact locations of the places being talked about. So this is my attempt to allow the reader to become more aware of those places when they visit the Philippines. In fact, since I have now been to almost all those places myself and have taken photos of what some of those places look like now, and their memorials (and have included some of them in this book), it will help the reader to more readily visualize the areas when they visit. These maps should be referred to as you read as it will make it so much more understandable when trying to digest the various maneuvers of the enemy and the American and Filipino troops who were defending and liberating RP. I know when I read something, if it has a map or other reference I can better appreciate what I am reading. So I assume it is the same with you, the reader.

It is not possible to be completely accurate in what you will read: people' s memories fade and play tricks on them, especially when many years have passed. Those who have written books, memoirs or articles differ from one another when talking about another guerrilla or about certain events that occurred.

Others seem to "slant" the truth, consciously or not. So please excuse any of these errors or misstatements since I may unintentionally have passed some of them on.

Also, I am not an historian: I cannot distance myself emotionally from what occurred on Bataan, in the prison camps and to the civilians by the Japanese. What they did was too horrendous for me to see it objectively like a true historian would (if that is possible knowing what they did). Just know, however, that I did my best.

What I also want to be clear about is that this is also an editorial on my part about RP and America then and now, and how in so many respects nothing has changed. Some readers will welcome my comments; others will hate and despise me, and perhaps others may threaten or put me in danger. Yet I had to write

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it the way I did. I added some of my personal thoughts on what went on then, and what is going on now, both in America and RP. So for those folks who will take offense at the truth, don't read the book. Others, I know, will cheer at what I say.

But the truth is the truth, and transparency is so essential to properly run a country-something the politicians should take note of.

Footnotes: Although many of the books I read had no index or footnotes, a good number did. Some of those that did have footnotes put them at the end of the book (endnotes). Being the curious one that I am, and not wanting to miss anything that was written, I was continually referring back and forth to those notes, which, to me, was cumbersome and bothersome, and it took away from my reading. So that is why I put all of my footnotes at the bottom of the various pages. For those not interested, don't read them. For those who are, they are more readily available.

As you read, I encourage you to consider visiting RP where my Filipina wife and I live half of each year, and take various trips to the WW II areas mentioned in the book (the other half of each year is spent in San Diego, California).

Visit the various places I've mentioned: Corregidor, Intramuros, Fort Santiago, the National Museum, the Manila Hotel, the beautiful Manila American Cemetery and Memorial, and the museum at the Malacaiiang Palace. Other must-sees are the various monuments about the war especially the one on Mt. Samat in Bataan just off the Pilar-Bagac Road and other places on Bataan, the Camp O'Donnell POW Prison, Cabanatuan POW Prison, Subic Bay (and Grande Island) and what used to be the US Navy Base there, to Clark Air Field and Baguio. There are also many famous tourist spots: Tagaytay, Pagsanjan, Vigan, Laoag, the world famous Rice Terraces at Banaue, Boracay, Cebu, Bohol and the famous Chocolate Hills, the Mayon Volcano at Legaspi in the Bicol Region, Davao in Mindanao, Palawan and its underground caves and scuba diving, and many of the other wonderful, beautiful cities, beaches, and places where the tourists go both on the main island of Luzon but also on some of the other enchanting islands and the many scuba dive spots throughout. The Philippines is a beautiful country. The people there are wonderful and it is well worth visiting not only the areas discussed in this book, but many of the other gorgeous places as well. Go there; visit, see how beautiful it is. You will enjoy it.

So here goes ... Semper fi. Mabuhay.

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THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES (RP)

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LEST WE FORGET: THE GUERRILLAS AND THE SCOUTS

INDEX SOME OF THE US FORCES 1st Cavalry, 27.2 1st Infantry, 6.1 4th Marines, 5.2, 8.5, 12.1 5th Army Air Force, 28.4 6th Army Division, 22.9 6th US Ranger Battalion, 26.3 8th Army, 29.2 II th Division, 6.1 11 th Airborne Division, 26.4,27.7 15 th Infantry, 16.6, 28.5 19th Infantry, 29.2 21 st Pursuit Squadron, 8.3 17 th Pursuit Squadron, 8.2, 8.3 34th Pursuit Squadron, 8.3 21 st Division, 8.3, 29.2 24th Division, 29.2 31 st Infantry, 4.6, 7.1, 8.2,16.6 32 00 Division, 28.3 33 mInfantry Division, 28.2 37 th Infantry, 27.2 38 th Division, 3.3 40 th Division, 28.6, 29.1 41 st Infantry (US) , 29.2 43'd Infantry Division, 4.6 48 th Chinese Squadron, 26.4 63'd Infantry, 27.8 66 th Infantry, 28.5 71 51 Division, 6.1 86 th Field Artillery, 4.7 88 th Field Artillery, 4.7 103 m Infantry, 28.8 112th Med. Battalion, 28.3 121 51 Infantry, 16.1 , 28.5 12200 Filed Art. Batt., 28.5

123 m Infantry, 28.2 126th Infantry, 28.2 127th Infantry, 28.3 128th Infantry, 28.3 130th Infantry Regiment, 28.2 127 th Infantry, 28.3 503 m Parachute Reg'l Combat Team (RCT), 24.4 Marine Aircraft Group 24, 3.3 Xl Corps, 14.4,25.1

SOME OF THE PHIL. SCOUTS 4th Vet Co., 4.6 lOth Engineers, 15.3 II th Infantry, 16.2, 16.5 12th Infantry, 16.1 12th MPs, 4.6 12th Medical Regiment, 4.6,8.2 12th QM Regiment, 4.6 12th Ordinance Company, 4.6 12th Signal Regiment, 4.6 14th Engineer Regiment, 4.6, 15 .3 23'd Field Artillery, 4.6, 4.7 24th Field Artillery, 4.6,4.7,7.1 26th Cavalry, 4.6, 4.7, 6.1,8. 1, 14.2, 15 .1 43,d Infantry, 4.6, 16.5, 16.6 44th Infantry, 4.6 45 th Infantry, 4.6, 6.1 , 8.1,8.2 56th Engineer Battalion, 4.6 57 th Infantry, 4.6, 4.7, 7.4,8.1,8.2 59 th CA, 8.5 60th Coast Artillery, 8.5, 86th FA, 4.7 88 th Field Artillery, 4.6, 4.7,7.1,18.2

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91 st CA, 4.6, 8.5 92 od , 8.5 93 m CA, 4.1, 8.5

SOME OF THE PHIL. ARMY 1st Regular Division, 4.2 II th Infantry, 7.4, 8.2, 16.6,16.7 14th Infantry, 16.2, 16.5 17th Pursuit, 8.2 21 st Infantry, 16.5 41 st Infantry, 4.2, 8.2 47 th Regiment, 26.4 51 st Infantry, 8.2 61 st Division, 10.3, 22.2, 22.8 63'd Regiment, 22.2 71 st Infantry, 7.4,15.3, 16.2, 81 st Infantry, 22.9 91st,7.4 121 st Infantry, 16.6

SOME OF THE PLANES USED IN THE WAR A-27,3.3 B-IO,3.3 B-17, 3.1, 4.1,5.2,9.1 B-18,3.3 B-25,3.3 C-47, 16.6,25.3,27.7 P-26, 3.3, 22.3 P-35, 3.3, 5.2 P-38, 24.4, 26.2 P-40, 3.3, 5.2, 8.3, 22.3 P-40E,8.3 P-61 ,26.3 P-47,24.4 PB4YZ Privateer, 25.1 Marine Corps SBDs, 28.2

SOME OF THE JAPANESE FORCES AND OFFICERS 14th Army, 6.1, 24.1 56th Regiment, 5.2

LEST WE FORGET: THE GUERRILLAS AND THE SCOUTS

61 st Infantry, 10.3 11 th Air Fleet, 5.2 Kimura Detachment, 5.2, 8.2 Shobu Group, 25.2 Kembu Group, 25.2 Shimbu Group, 25.2 MNDF,25.2 Manila Defense Area, 25.2 Japanese Secret "Z" Plans, 22.7 Ryujo Carrier, 5.2 Capt. Sabauro Abe, 25.2 Gen. Baba, 18.1 18.2, 18.3,19.3,19.5 Col. Masaatoshi Fujishige, 27.3 Capt. Takefumi Fujita, 14.7 Shigeru Fukidome, 22.7 Gen. Hara, 16.1 Maj. Gen. Harada, 21 .2 Lt. Col. Toshio Hayashi, 27.5 Maj . Hiramatsu, 21.2 Emperor Hirohito, 18.1, 28.2,30.1 Lt. Gen. Masaharu Homma, 5.2, 6.1, 8.2, 10.3, 19.3 Capt. Horikawa, 14.7 Rear Adm. Sanji Iwabachi, 25.2, 27.7 Major Iwanaka, 12.2 Kempei tai, 14.7, 16.6, 18.1,18.3,19.4,20.1, 22.4 Consul Kihara, 19.3 Maj. Gen. Takahashi Kobayashi, 25.2 Adm. Mineichi Koga, 22.7 Commandant Konishi, 26.4 Lt. Sadaki Konishi, 26.4 Lt. Col. Masao Mori, 12.2 Col. Katzuo Noguchi, 25 .2 Col. Akira Nagahama, 18 .1,18.3 Col. Sanenobu Nagayoshi,25.4 Capt. Fumio Nakahura, 24.5 Gen. Nakayama, 10.3

Gen. Akira Nara, 8.2 Col. Nishiharu, 20.1 Vice Adm. Denshichi Okoochi,25.2 Lt. Col. Seito Onishi, 22.7 Lt. Hiroo Onoda, 24.5 1st Lt. Yoshikazu Sato, 10.3,26.5 Gen. Kurada Shigenori, 23.1 Gen. Suzuki, 24.2 Major Takasaki, 12.2 Gen. Tenaka, 19.6 Field Marshall Haisichi Terauchi, 18.2,24.1 Hideki Tojo, 3.1, 23.1, 30.3 Lt. Gen. Tominaga, 25.2 Adm. F. Tsukahara, 5.2 Capt. Yoshio Tsuneyoshi, 12.1 Warrant Offr Tadayoshi Watanabe, 14.7 Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita, 16.6, 17.1, 19.4,23.1,24.1,25.2, 27.7,28.1,28.4 Capt. Yamato, 21.2 Lt. Gen. Shizou Yokoyama, 25 .2 Zuikaku, Carrier, 24.2

SOME OF THE AIR BASES Aparri Airfield, 3.3 Bamban Airfield, 3.3 Basa Air Base, 3.3, 15.2 Bayug Airfield, 3.3 Bataan Airfield, 3.3 Cabcaben Airfield, 3.3, 8.3 Cavite Naval Base, 3.3, 4.1 Clark AirlNaval Base, 3.3, 5.2,6.1 Cubi Point Naval Air Station, 3.3, 14.4 Del Carmen Airfield, 3.3 Del Monte Airfield, 3.3 Del Norte, 3.3 Dulag Airfield, 3.3 Ellmore Airfield, 3.3, 24.4

357

Floridablanca Airfield, 3.3, 15.2 General Santos Airfield, 3.3 Guiuan Airfield, 3.3 Hill Drome, 3.3, 24.4 Iha Air Field, 3.3 Isabela Airfield, 3.3 Kindley Field, 3.3 Legaspi,3.3 Lingayen Field, 3.3 Malabang Airfield, 3.3 Marcelino, 3.3 Moret Field, 3.3 Nichols Air Station, 3.3, 5.2 Nielson Air Base, 3.3, 5.2 Nueva Ecija, 3.3 Palawan, 3.3 Porac Airfield, 3.3 Rosales, 3.3 Sangley Point, 3.3, 5.2 San Jose Airfield, 3.3, 24.4 San Marcelino Airfield, 3.3 San Pablo Airfield, 3.3 Subic Bay Air Station, 2.1,3.3 Tanauan Airfield, 3.3 Tuguegarao Airfield, 3.3, 16.4,28.3 Vigan Airfield, 3.3 Wolfe, 3.3 Zablan Field, 3.3, 22.3

SOME OF THE US NAVY SHIPS USED IN THE WAR USS Arizona, 5.2 USS Blackfin, 13.3 USS Cassin Young, DD 793, 25 .1 USS Gudgeon, 22.3 USS Intrepid, 24.2 USS Lexington, 24.2 USS Missouri, 30.1 USS Narwhall, 13.3 USS Nautilus, 13.3, 18.4 USS Oklahoma, 5.2 USS Stingray, 13.3 USS Ticonderoga, 24.2 USS Thresher, 18.4

LEST WE FORGET: THE GUERRILLAS AND THE SCOUTS

SOME OF THE CAMPS AND FORTS Camp Aguinaldo, 3.3 Camp Henry T. Allen, 3.3 Camp Crame, 3.3 Camp Eldridge, 3.3 Camp John Hay, 3.3 Camp Keithley, 3.3 Camp Murphy, 3.3 Camp Wallace, 3.3 Cavite Navy Base, 5.2 Fort Bonifacio, 3.3 Fort Drum, 3.3, 8.5, 25.3 Fort Frank, 3.3, 8.5 Fort Hughes, 3.3, 8.5 Fort William McKinley, 3.3,4.6, 5.2 Fort Mills, 3.3 , 8.5 Fort Santiago, 3.3, 19.9 Fort Stotsenburg, 3.3, 4.6, 4.7, 6.1 Fort Wint, 3.3, 8.5 Mariveles Naval Base, 5.2

SOME OF THE PRISON CAMPS Bilibid Prison (Old), 27.4 Bilibid Prison (New), 15.5, 18.4,19.9, 20.1, 20.2,27.4 Cabanatuan Prison Camp, 12.2,26.3 Davao Prison Colony, 26.2, 26.5 Los Banos Prison Camp, 26.4 Camp O'Donnell Prison, 12.1 Palawan Prison Camp, 26.5 Palawan Iwahig Penal Colony, 26.5 STIC (Santo Tomas Internrnent Camp), 27.5 University of Santo Tomas Prison Camp (UST), 27.5 Tarlac Prison Camp, 10.3

SOME OF THE HELLSHIPS Arisan Maru, 26.6 Brazil Maru, 26.6

Enoura Maru, 26.6 Eri Maru, 8.5 Junyo Maru, 26.6 Maya Maru, 10.7 Nigato Maru, 26.6 Osyaka Maru, 26.6 Shinyo Maru, 8.5,26.2

Libing Ng Mga Bayani, 7.2, 18.5 Manila American Cemetery and Memorial, 1.1 , 7.2, 18.5, 26.3,26.6 North Cemetery, 7.2, 18.3, 18.5

SOME OF THE

NAMES & PLACES Lt. Col. Victor Abad, 15.2 Hernando Abaya, 18.2 Capt. Vicente Abaya, 16.1 Maj.lLt. Col. Salvador Abcede, 7.4, 22.5 Abello, 19.4 Gov. Roque A. Ablan, 16.3, 16.4 Julio V. Acosta, 16.9 Sgt. Melicio Acosta, 18.2 Gen. Marcelo Adduru, 16.4 Eleuterio Adevoso (aka Terry Magtanggol), 15.5, 20.2 Jerry Adevoso, 15.5, 20.2 Gen. Francisco Adriano, 26.6 Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, 19.3 Col. Marcos "Marking" Agustin, 15.8, 27.8 Conrado Agustin, 15.5, 18.2, 19.1,19.9, 20.2 Airport Studio, 19.9 Harry M. Akune, 25.3 Alamo Scouts, 22.4 Fausto Alberto, 18.3 Col. Fausto Alberto, 18.2 AlB, 13.1 Col. Dioscoro Alesna, 22.6 Tech. Sgt. Alfred Alfonso, 26.3 Cipriano Alles, 16.2 Allied Intelligence Bureau (AlB), 13.1 Ali al Raschid, 16.8 Rafael R. Alunan, 18.4, 19.4 Lorenzo Alvarado, 18.2 American Heritage Collection, 13.1 Fredisvinda Ammay, 14.6

BATTLES Battle of Baguio, 28.2 Battle of Balete (Dalton) Pass, 28.4 Battle of Bessang Pass, 28 .5 Battle around Bontoc, 28.5 Battle off Cape Engano, 24.2 Battle ofIpo Dam, 27.8 Kiangan Pocket, 28.6 Battle at the Kongo Fortress, 28.3 Battle of Leyte Gulf, 24.2 Battle of Midway, 24.2 Battle of Mindoro, 24.4 Battle of Ormoc Bay, 24.3 Battle of the Pockets, 7.4 Battle of the Points, 8.2 Battle off Samar, 24.2 Battle of San Manuel, 28.3 Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, 24.2 Battle of Surigao Strait, 24.2 Battle of Salacsac Pass, 28.3 Battle of Villa Verde, 28.3 Battle of Zig Zag Pass, 25.4 Corregidor Assault, 25.3

SOME OF THE CEMETERIES CemeterylBuried, 8.2, 12.2, 12.2, 14.1,17.1, 26.4, 26.5, 27.6 Chinese Cemetery, 7.2, 15.4, 16.2, 17.2, 18.2, 18.3, 18.5, 19.8 La Lorna, 18.5

358

LEST WE FORGET: THE GUERRILLAS AND THE SCOUTS

Ramon Amusategui , 18.2, 18.3 Lerry Amusategui, 18.2 Major Bernard Anderson, 14.3, 15.6, 15.8 Lt. Col. Edwin Andrews, 21.2, 22.3 Benigno S. Aquino, 19.3, 19.4, 19.6 Pres. Cory Aquino, 15.13 Ninoy Aquino, 1.2, 15.1 Major Pedro Aquino, 29.2 J. Antonio Araneta, 7.3 Col. Enrique Arce, 19.4 Maj. Alfonso Arellano, 18.2 Oscar Arellano, 18.2 Army-Navy Club, 2.1,2.2, 3.2 Lt. Robert Arnold, 16.1 Amado Arraneta, 18.4 Major Paul Ashton, 5.2, 8.2 Pfe. Sabas Asis, 26.3 Dr. Romeo Atieza, 17.1 , 18.2 Hermenegildo V. Atienza, 19.1 Ramon Avancena, 18.4 Milton Ayochok, 16.4

Gen. Balao, 28.5 Balagbag Mt., 1.1 Lt.lCapt. Rufino Baldwin, 16.6 Bamboo telegraph/express, 21.2 Lt. Mario Bansen, 16.7 Capt. Joseph Barker, 14.2, 15 .1, 16.2 Maj. George Barnett, 16.1 Jesus Barrera, 18.2 Bastille of the Pasig, 14.7 Battling Bastards of Bataan, 1.2, 8.2 Col. Amado Bautista aka Col. Abe, 15 .1, 18.2 Atty. Antonio (Tony) M. Bautista, 15 .8, 18.2, 19.9 Kenneth Bayley, 21.1 Emiliano Bayona, 18.2

Bayong, 19.2 Leon Beck, 11.1 , 14.4 Gen. Beightler, 25.3 Buenaventura J. Bello, 7.4 Capt. Estaben Beloncio, 24.4 Roy Bell, 21.2 Maj. Ricardo Benedicto, 22.4 Benjo,19.9 Benjo boy, 19.9 Tomas Benitez, 18.2 Beriberi, 10.6 Remy Bernal, 15.5 Vincente Bernia, 15. 10 Arturo Bernia, 15 .10 Capt. Esteban Bernido, 22.8, 29.1 Manuel Beronilla, 16.9 Dr. Biason, 16.6 Capt. Donald Blackburn, 16.6, 28.4 Blackwater fever, 10.6 Lt. Leo Boelens, 26.2 Gun. Sgt. Douglas Bogue, 26.5 Bolo, 6.1 Ruben Bondoc, 15.2 Lt. Col. Liberato Bonoan, aka Col. Obie, 18.2 Corp.lCol. John Boone, 15.2, 17. 1, 17 .2 Mellie Boone, 15.2 Capt/Major Edwardo Borje, 16.6, 28.5 Sixto Borje, 28.5 Lois McCoy Bourinskie, 26.4 Maj . Robert Bowler, 21 .2, 26.2 Gen. Omar Bradley, 7.2 Brothels, 27.7 British Club, 20.1 Gen. Brougher, 16.6 Sgt. Al Bruce, 14.4 Lt. John Bulkeley, 9.1, 26.2 Father Burgos, 2.3 Edmund Burke, 1.2 Martin Burnham, 4.2 Maj . Gen. Rapp Bush, 22.5 Butcher of Manila, 25.2

359

Maximo Cabayan, 29.2 Capt. Bart Cabangbang, 14.4, 14.5, 22.8, 25.1 Sixto Cacho, 14.6 Leon Z. Cabalhin, 15.8 Capayan-Apayao Forces (CAF) , 16.4 Father Calanan, 21.2 Calesa, 2.1 Sgt. Jose Calugus, 7. 1, ILl Maj . Parker Calvert, 16.6 Atty. Gregorio Caneda, 14.7 Col. Cacoy Caiiete, 22.6 Mr. Canlas, 14.7 Dr. Canuto, 17.1 Capas National Shrine, 12.1 Josefa Capistrano, 21.2 Nicholas Capistrano, 21.2 Gen. Capinpin, 10.4, 19.4 Dr. FerminCaram, 13.1 Col. R.P. Carlson, 28 .5 CARP, 15.13 Jose Castaneda, 22.4 Modesto Castaneda, aka Capt. Casey, 15.1 Pfc. Atanacio Castillo, 26.4 Lt. Antonio Castro, 16.2 Col. Nemesio Catalan, 15.3 Lazaro Cawagas, 14.6 Lt. Malcolm Champlin, 5.2, 8.2 Gen. Chase, 27.5 Tom Chengay, 15.10, 16.2 Major Clyde Childress, 21.2,22.8 Huang Chieh, 15 .12 Chinese Anti-Jap Guerrilla Force, 15.12 Chinese money lenders, 10.5 Gen.lCol. Albert Christie, 10.3 3'd Lt. Julian Chua, 7.4 Brig. Gen. Bradford

LEST WE FORGET: THE GUERRILLAS AND THE SCOUTS

Chynoweth, 10.1 , 10.3, 22.2 Cipriano Cid, 14.3 , 18.2 Civil Liberties Union, 18.2 Gov. Hilary Clapp, 16.4 Dr. Anselmo Claudio, 18.2 Clean Air Act, 1.4 Club Tsubaki, 17.2 Capt. Manuel Colayco, 27.S Commander X, 13.7 Judge Roberto Concepcion, 18.2 Gov. Tomas Confesor, 13.1 Lt. Henry C. Conner, 14.4 Capt. Marcus Contreras, I S. I Fely Corcurea, 17.2 Sgt. Candido Cornel, 18.2 Major Jose Corpus, 14.6 R. Mamino Corpus, 18.2 Correctional Inst. For Women at Mandaluyang, 17.2 Corregidor,8.S,10.3 Dr. Emigidio Cruz, 18.4 aka Hector Rodriguiz, aka Gatbiala, aka Major Suylan, aka Emilio C. Corde Lt. Ignacio Cruz, 18.2 Maj. Alipio Cubas, 16.6 Charles Cushing, 16.1 , 16.6 Col. James Cushing, 16.1, 22.6,29.1 Major Walter Cushing, 16.1 , 16.2, 16.6

Dalton Pass, 28.3 Maj. Badu Dangwa, 16.6 Amando L. Dayrit, 18.2 Death March, 11.1, 21.2 Death Ships, 11.1 , 26.1 Death Trains (boxcars), 11.1 Dehydration, 12. 1 Sgt. Casiano de Juan, 26.2

Brig. Gen. Simeon de Jesus, 6.3 Benigingo de la Cruz, 26.2 Antonio de las Alas, 19.4 Del Monte Plantation, 2.1 Dengue fever, 10.6 Col. Emmanuel De Ocampo, IS.S , 26.4, 27.3,27.7 Dr. Monching de Santos, 18.2 Dr. Ramon de Santos, 18.2 Trinadad Diaz, IS.9 Diphtheria, 10.6 Dixie Kitchen, 18.3 Hermania Dizon, 14.1 Lt. Mike Dobervich, 26.2 Dog robbers, 27.4 Federico Doliente, IS.7 Dr. Vicente Domingo, 17.1 Col. Bill Donovan, 6.3 Gen. Drake, 26.6 Lt. Drennan, 29.2 Grenfell D. Drisko, 20.1 Dugout Doug, 8.2 Maj. Armando Dumlao, 7.4 Maj . Joaquin Dunuan, 16.6 Pio Duran, 19.3 Capt. Ed Dyess, 8.3, 11.1 , 26.2 Dysentery, 10.6

ECLGA, 14.2, IS.I Gen. Eichelberger, 29.2 Dwight Eisenhower, 2.2, 3.2 Carmen Elizalde, 19.5 Juan Elizalde, 13.7, IS.3 , 18.2 Elks Club, 2.1, 2.2 Atty. Donato Endriga, 14.7 English Club, 27.3 Sancho Enriquez, 19.9 Leoncio Enriquez, 14.7 Capt./Lt. Col. Manuel Enriquez, 16.1 , 16.2, 16.S

360

Capt. Marcelino Erediano, 22.7 Gen. Ernie, IS.S Emilio Escobar, 16.9 Col. Antonia Escoda, 18.2 Josefa L. Escoda, 18.2 Escol ta guerrillas, S.I, 29.3 Col. Espino, 26.4 Vicente Estacio, IS.S Sgt. Estipona, IS.7 Col. Rafael Estrada, 26.6 Lt. Col. Ricardo Estrella, 22.6 Teodoro Evangelista, 18.2 Capt. James L. Evans, 21.2

Jose Fabella, 19.3 FAIT (Fi l-Am Irregular Troops), IS.4 Martin Fassoth, IS.IO, 16.6 William Fassoth, IS. IO, 16.6 FEAF (US Far East Air Force), 3.3, 4.6 Fence sitters, 19.6,22.9 Harry Fenton, 22.6 Ramon Fernandez, 18.4 Col. Wendell Fertig, 4.4, 13.2,2 1.1 ,26.2 Leonardo Festin, 19.5 Dr. James Fisher, 26.3 Lt. Joaquin B. Flores, 16.7 Capt. Jose Flores, 7.4 Naomi Flores, 17.1, 17.2, 18.1 Alfredo Foz, IS .S Antonia Francisco, 14.3 General Guillermo Francisco, IS.I , 19.5 Free Philippines, 18.2 Manuel Fruto, 18.2 Dorothy Fuentes (see Margaret Utinsky), Arthur Furagganan, 16.4

Angel Gabriel, 14.2 Lt. Col. Gabriel Gador, 22.3,22.S Capt. Ricardo Galang,

LEST WE FORGET: THE GUERRILLAS AND THE SCOUTS

24.4 Col. Galbraith, 10.3 Ganap Party, 14.7, 15.8, 19.3, 19.4 Antonio Garcia, 14.6 Cetelio A. Garcia, 7.4 Mario Garcia, 18.2 Dr. Paulino Garcia, 18.2 Capt. Silvino P. Garcia, 16.7 MlSgt. Fred Gaston, 12.1 Col. Pat Gatson, 16.2 Capt. Damon Gause, 13.1, Gatbiala, 18.4 "Enola Gay," 30.1 Geneva Convention, 6.2, 11 .2,26.1 Lt. Fred Gifford, 8.2 Col. Bonifacio Gillego, 28.5 Maj. Leo Giiter, 16.1 (ftnte) Father Gomez, 2.3 Pfc. David Gonzales, 28.3 Col. Patricio Gonzalez, 16.2,18.2 Mercy Gonzales, 18.3 Tony Gonzales, 18 .3 Col. Patricio Gonzalez aka Pat Gatson, 16.2 Major Richard Gordon, 8.2, 12.1, 26.6 Raymundo Gozon, 15.5 Grande Island, 3.3, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5,25.1,26.6 Lt. Sam Grashio, 8.3, 11.1,26.2 James Grinstead, 21.2 Maj . Gen. George Grunert, 3.2 Honorio Guerrero, 15.5 Josefina Guerrero, 27.1 Lt. Col. Leopoldo Guillermo, 15.1 Lucky Guillermo, 27.7 Leon G. Guinto, Sr., 27.7 Capt. Gulick, 8.5

Halsema Highway, 16.1 Adm. "Bull" Halsey, 24.3, 30.1 Lt. Aaron Hanson, 22.5

US Navy 1st Class Al Hansen, 25.1 Adm. Thomas Hart, 3.2, 5.2,8.2 Lt. Jack Hawkins, 26.2 Capt. Charles Hedges, 21.2 Hell Ships, 11.1,26.1, 26.6 Crespo Hernando, 16.6 Heroes Monument in Chinese Cemetery, 18.5 High Pockets, 17.2 Lt. Col. John P. Horan, 10.3, 16.1, 16.6 Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon, aka "Huks," 13.1,15.13,19.1,26.4 Sgt./Col. Ray Hunt, 11 .1, 14.1,15. 10,16.8 Terry Hunter's ROTC Guerrillas, 14.7, 15.4, 15.5,15.8

1st Lt. Rodolfo Ignacio, 22.3,22.4 Capt. Allison Ind, 13.1 Major Ismael Ingeniero, 22.3, 22.4, 29.1 Lt. Col. Gustavo Ingles, 15.5, 19.9,26.4 Major Jose Inocencio, 15.2 Intrarnuros, 2.1 Ipo Dam, 15 .1,27.8 Lt. Howard Irish, 8.5 Capt. Fransicso Isidoro, 7.4 Sgt. Isko, 15.5 Itogon Mines, 16.1

Dr. Nicanor Jacinto, 19.4 Col. Rafael Jalandoni, 18.4 Japanese Club, 20.1,27.3 Jaundice, 10.6 Maj. Lambero Javelera, 6.3 Frank Jones, 22.4

361

Major Jorge "Jojo" Joseph, 18.2 Joro House. 27.7 Sgt. Patricio Jorge, 22.3 Maj . Jorge Joseph, 18 .2 Capt. Eduardo Joson, 15 .7,26.3 Richard "Ebong" Joson, 26.3 Tomas N. Joson III, 26.3 Victorio Jumarung, 26.2 Maj. Enrique Lopez Jurado, 24.4 Blanche Jurika, 13 .7

Datu Busran Kalaw, 21.2 KALIDAPI, 19.3, 19.6 Counselor Kamayong, 16.6 Lt. Col. Ruperto Kangeleon, 13.7,21.2, 22.9 Kempei tai, 14.7,20.1 Gen. Edward King, 8.2, 10.1,10.3, 12.3,18.2 Sgt. Arthur Komori, 20. 1 Kris, 13 .6 Gen. Walter Kreuger, 15.2,16.6 KZRC radio station, 22.6 KZRH radio station, 10.3, 15.8

Father John Lalor, 17.2 Major Robert Lapham, 13. 1, 14. 1,15.6,15.7, 16.6,16.8 Jose P. Laurel, 8.2, 19.3, 19.4,19.6,19.7,27.2 Jose Laurel III, 19.4 Lt.Col. Claro Laureta, 26.2 Dr. Francisco Lava, 18.2 Marcos Laxamana, 14.1 Capt. Donald LeCouvre, 29.2 Magdalona Leones, 16.7 Lepanto Copper Mines, 28.6

LEST WE FORGET: THE GUERRILLAS AND THE SCOUTS

LGAF,15 .7 Libing Ng Mga Bayani, 18.5 Elizeo Lizada, 18.2 Brig. Gen. Vicente Lim, 4.3,7.2,8.2, 10.4, 15.3,18.2,18.4,30.4 Salvador Lluch, 21.2 Judge Lopez, 19.7 Francisco Lopez, 27 .7 Cmdr. Orestes F. Lopez, 15.5 Capt. Salvador Lopez, 7.4 Major Frank Loyd, 14.1 , 15.2 Lugao, 12.1 Esteban Lumyeb, 15.7

Narcisso Mabanta, 18.3 Sofia Mabanta, 18.3 Macabebe Scouts, 4.6 Diosdado Macapagal, 18.2 Gen. Arthur MacArthur, 3.2 Gen. Douglas MacArthur, 2.1,3 .2, 9.1 Lt. Generoso Maceda, 6.3 Lt. Feliciano Madamba, 16.3 Vincente Madrigal, 18.4, 19.3 Jesus Magsaysay, 14.6 Ramon Magsaysay, 3.3, 14.4, 14.6 Capt. Magtanggol, 15 .2 Makapilis, 19.3, 19.4, 26.4, 27.7 Malacanang Palace, 6.2, 18.2,18.4,19.6,27.2 Malaria, 10.6 Tech. 4th Grade Dominador Malic, 22.3 Carlos Malonso, 18.2 Col. Eduardo Manahan, 15.1 Dr. Crisobal Manalang, 22.3 Manette Manalang, 22.3 Manila American Cemetery & Monument, 7.2, 18.5 Manila Hotel , 2.1, 6.2, 18.2

Col. Manual Manahan, 15.1,18.2 Dr. Chrisobal Manalang, 22.3 Raul Manglapus, 18.2 Lt. Felipe Maningo, 14.4 Capt. Romulo Manriquez, 16.2, 16.6 Col. Narciso Manzano, Il.l, 12.1, 15.3, 18.3 Rosario "Charo" Manzano, 19.9 Mag. Bert Mapa, 15.8 Genaro Marcelino, 19.4 Ferdinand Marcos, 7.4, 16.8,22.8 March ofSharne, 10.3, 17.1 Marking ' s guerrillas, 15.8, 27.8 Adalia Marquez (Bautista), 18.2, 19.9 Gen. George Marshall, 3.2,5 .2 Corp. Paul Marshall, 26.2 Capt. Palma Martin, 19.4 Maj. Dominador Mascardo, 6.3 Arturo Masunsong, 15 .5 Mayon Volcano, 3.3 Lt. Col. Emesto Mata, 22.5 Lt. Col. Earl McLeish, 13.7, 14.3, 21.2, 22.9, 26.2 Cmdr. Melvin McCoy, 26.2 Col. Frank McGee, 21.2 Capt. Ralph McGuire, 14.1 , 14.3 Harry McKenzie, 15.7 Lt. Wm. McLaughlin, 21.2 Pam Melicia, 14.6 Major Steve Mellnik, 10.3 , 26.2 Joaquin Mencarini, 18.2, 18.3 Augustias Mencarini, 18.2 Alfonse Mendozo, 19.3 Leonard Merchant, 21.2

362

Hans Menzi, 18.3 Col. Van Merle-Smith, 13.1 Col. Gyles Merrill, 14.1, 14.3, 14.4, 15.2 Col. Pedro Merritt, 22.9 Mickey Mouse Money, 6.2,13.6, 27.2 Pete Miles, 26.4 Brig. Gen. Bias Miranda, 22.9 MIS, 6.3 Maj . Eriberto B. Misa, 15 .5 Fernando Monje, 14.6 Godofredo Monsod, 18.2 Godofredo Monsod, Jr., 26.3 Aurelio Montinola, Sr., 19.4 Leoncio Monzon, 19.4 Dr. Rafael Moreta, 27.7 Lt. Luis Morgan, 21.2 Lt. Col. Martin Moses, 15.4,16.1 , 16.2, 16.4, 16.6 Dennis Motinas, 16.6 Mt. Samat Memorial Shrine, 11.1 Roger Moskaira, 15.8, 19.9 Lt. Col. Henry Mucci, 26.3 Senior Insp. Muego, 22.8 Master Gunny Carl Mullens, I. I Muntinglupa (New Bilibid), 6.2, 20.1,20.2 Carl Mydans, 10.7, 26.4

Col. Guillermo Nakar, 16.1,16.2 Julio Nalundasun, 19.4 Evangeline Neibert, 17.1 , 17.2, 18.1 l SI Lt. William Nellist, 26.3 Waldo Neveling, 21.2 Adm. Chester Nimitz, 6.3, 9.2, 23.1 Lt. Col. "Maxie" Noble, 15.4, 16.1 , 16.2, 16.4,

LEST WE FORGET: THE GUERRILLAS AND THE SCOUTS

16.6

CPO Elwood Offret, 21.2 OFW, 2.1 Cesar S. Ongoco, 27.4 Open City, 6.2 OSS, 6.3 VP Sergio Osmeiia, 8.5, 9.1,10.4, 19.6,24.2 Mrs. Osmeiia, 9.1 , 16.6 Sergio Osmeiia, Jr. , 19.6, 27.2 Capt. William Osborne, 13.1 Senator Ozamis, 18.3 Jose Ozamiz, 19.3

Capt. Juan Pajota, 15.7, 26.3 Palaak, 19.6 Telesforo Palaaruan, 16.4 PAMPAR, 19.2, 19.6 YayPanlilio, 15 .8, 17.1 , 17.2, 18.1 , 19.6 M.Sgt. Larry L. Pangan, 7.4 Paper guerrillas, 5.1, 15.10 Quintin Paredes, 18.4, 19.3, 19.4 Ernesto Parpan, 15.5 Lt. Cmdr. Chick Parsons, 13 .3,13.4, 13.7,18.2, 21.2, 26.2 Peter Parsons, 27.7 Pearl of the Orient, 2.1 Tech, Sgt. Daniel Pelareja, 22 .5 Pellagra, 10.6 Salipada Pendatum, 21.2 Col. Crispino Pendon, 19.6 Lt. Col. Macario Peralta, Jr. , 7.4, 22.2 Capt. Herminiano Peregrino, 14.6 Asuncion A. Perez, 19.6 Cirilo Perez, 19.6 Capt. William Peryam, 16.1

Pest house, 12.1 Lt.lBrig. Gen. Felix Pestana, 12.1 Phil. Anny Air Corps (PAAC),22.3 Phil. Military Academy (PMA) , 4.2 Phil. Reg ' l Section (PRS), 13.1 Phil. Veteran's Admin.

Office (PV AO), 28.4 Philippine Scouts, 4.6 Claire Phillips, 15.2, 17 .2, 18.2 Sgt. John V. Phillips, 17.2 Major Lawrence H. Phillips, 17.2,24.4 Tereso Pia, 15.5 prAM,15.8 Augustin Picar, 21.2 Juanita Picar, 21.2 Capt. Alfredo Piga, 14.6 Pilimon, 22.8 Datu Pino, 21.2 Planet Party, 22.3 Enrique Pirovano, 13.7 Post Traumatic Stress Disease (PTSD), 29.2 Capt. Ralph Praeger, 16.1, 16.2, 16.4 Capt. Robert Prince, 26.3 Tom Prichard, 18.3 PRS, 13.1 PT (Patrol-Torpedo boat), 9.1 PT-41 , 9.1 Capt. Charles Putnam, 16.2

Lt. Buenaventura Queroligo, 16.7 Pres. Manuel Quezon, 4.1 , 6.1,9.1 Mrs. Aurora Quezon, 15.1 Quezon's Own Guerrillas, 15.4, 15.10 2nd Lt. Emilio Quinto, 22.3 Pres. Elpidio Quirino, 19.6,27.7

Benigno Ramos, 19.3 Capt. Francisco Ramos ,

363

14.6 Marcos P. Ramos, 19.3 LUCol. Edwin Ramsey, 1.1 , 8.2, 14.4,15.1,25.3 Capt. Ali al Raschid, 16.8 Capt. Raval, 22.2 Capt. Nelson Raymond , 20.1 Jose Razon, 18.4 Claro Recto, 19.3, 19.4 Rescission Act of 1946, 5.1 Atty. Jose B.L. Reyes, 18.2 Franco Vera Reyes, 15.6, 16.1 , 18.3 Dr. Nicanor Reyes, 19.4 Col. Salvador Reyes, 16.9 Oring Reyes, 19.9 Gen. Artemio Ricarte, 19.3 Conrado B. Rigor, 28.5 Major Rigor, 28.5 Charles Rigeness (Ftnt), 18.2 Dr. Jose Rizal, 2.3,15.1 Alejandro Roces, 19.3 Jesus Roces, 18.2 Rafael R. Roces, Jr. , 18.2, 19.4 Bansiong Rodriguez, 14.6 Delmacio Rodriguez, 14.6 Euniciano Rodriguez, 14.1, 14.6, 19.3 Hector Rodriguez, 18.4 Dr. Jose Rodriguez, 18.2 Eulogio Rodriquez, 18.4 Venancio Rodriquez, 14.6 Walter Roeder, 15.1, 18.2 Franklin D. Roosevelt, 3.1 , 9.1, 9.2 Col.lBrig. Gen. Carlos Romulo, 7.4, 10.4,15.8, 24.2,30.4 Gen. Manuel Roxas, 15.3, 18.2, 19.4, 19.5,27.2 ROTC, 4.2 Rosie's Riveters, 24.2 Reynaldo Rogue, 4.3

LEST WE FORGET: THE GUERRILLAS AND THE SCOUTS

Lt. Leandro Rosario, 16.2 1" Lt. Thomas Rounsavile, 26.3 Lt. Cmdr. George F. Rowe, 17.2, 24.4 Lt. Bonnie Rucks, 26.3 Major Jose Ruffy, 24.4 Ernest Rufino, 10.4

Judge Florentino Saguin, 21.2 Sakang (bow-legged), 17 .1 Sgt. Richard Sakakida, 10.3, 15.5, 18.1 , 19.8, 20.1,27 .7 Sakdalistas (see Sakdals), Sakdals, 14.7, 19.3 Nicholas Sali, 16.2 Lt. Salmonte, 21.2 Vic Salvador, 15.5 Col. Sanchez, 29.1 Emiliano Sandoval, 4.3, 28.3 Major Jorge Sanchez, 18.2 Tony San Juan, 18.2 San Juanico Bridge, 24.2 Capt. Benjamin Santillan, 14.1 Lt. Santos, 10.4 Gen. Alejandro (Alejo) Santos, 4.3, 15.6, 18.2 aka Capt. Alejo Santos, Maj./Gen. Alfredo Santos, 7.4, 15.6 Chief Justice Jose A. Santos, 7.3, 9. 1 Robert Schaeffer, 26.4 Norbert Schmelkis, 18.3 Capt. Kenneth Schrieber, 26.3 SCR-2 68 radar, 5.2 SCR-2 27B radar, 5.2 Scurvy, 10.6 Seabees, 3.3 Brig. Gen. Fidel Segundo, 4.3,7.4,8.2,10.4,18.4 Col. Manuel Segura, 22.6 Gen. Florencia Selga, 7.1 Pedro Seman, 22.2 Shameful Lie, 5.1

Maj. Gen. William Sharp, 10.3 Col. Morris Shoss, 8.5 Capt. Austin Shofner, 26.2 Gualberto Sia,14.3 Staff. Sgt. Thomas Siason, 26.3 Tony Silos, 15.5 Timoteo Sinay, 16.6 Singkits (slant eyes), 17.2 Teofilo Sison, 19.3, 19.4, 19.7 Lt. Col. Al Slater, 1.1 Charles Smith, 21.2 Ramona "Mona" Snyder, 18.2 Pfc. Anselmo Soler, 26.4 Raja Soliman, 2.3 Lt. Songco, 24.4 Datu Soong, 21.2 Capt/Col. Andres Soriano, 9.1,19.5 Sgt. Robert Spielman, 26.2 Capt. Jack Spies, 16.7 SPYRON,13.7 Squatters, 2.1 Ernest Stanley, 27.5 Lt. Col. Hugh Straughn, 15.5,15.8 Private Juan L. Surio, 7.4 Maj. Suylan, 18.4 Corp. Roy Sweezy, 26.3 Maj. Gen. Joseph Swing, 26.4 SWPA (SW Pacific Area), 16.7

Tablets of the Missing, 7.2,18.5 Bill Tait, 21 .2 Capt. Adamkin Tallow, 7.4 Counselor Tammicpao, 16.6 Lt. Somang Tamparong, 21.2 Dominador Tan, 19.3 Atty. Lorenzo Tanada, 18.2,19.7 Luis Taruc, 15 .10, 15.13, 19.6 Terry's Hunters (see

364

Hunter's ROTC) Col. Paul Tibbets, 30.1 Tobo, 27.5 Tojo, 3.1 Lt. Carlos Tombo, 26.3 Mario Tomelli, 11.1 Lt. Cmdr. Tommy Tompkins, 25.1 Col. Claude Thorpe, 13.1,14.1,14.2, 15.1,16.2,16.4 Tiger of Malaya, 23.1, 28.1 Tokyo Rose, 20.1 Tranvia,2 .1 Tripartite Pact, 3.1 Troop Sizes, 4.5 Pres. Harry Truman, 5.1 Mao Tse-tung, IS .13 Tsubaki Club, 17.2 Maj. Ernest Tupas, 15.5, 20.2

MissU, 15.2, 17.1,26.3 Vicente Umali, 15 .1 1 Datu Umpa, 21.2 UP, 4.2 USAFFE, 3.3, 4. 1,4.6, 10.4 USf[P, 8.2 USFIP-NL, 16.6,28.2 University of Santo Tomas, 6.2, 8.4, 10.7, 14.4,26. 1,27.4,27.5 Capt. Jack Utinsky, 17.1 Margaret Utinsky, 15.2, 17.1, 17.2, 18.2,26.3 aka Rosena Utinsky, aka Dorothy Fuentes, Capt. Juan Utleg, 15.10

Manuel Valley, 22.9 Jorge Vargas, 19.3,19.4,19.6,19.7 Miguel Ver, 15.5 Juan Veronilla, 22.8 VFP Museum, 13 .1 Vichy, 6.2 Major/Col. Jesus Villamor, 13 .1, 18.4, 22.2,22.3 Col. Luis Villa-Real,

LEST WE FORGET: THE GUERRILLAS AND THE SCOUTS

15.1,26.6 Villa Verde Trail, 16.6, 28.3, Manuel Valley, 22.9 Pfc. Rufo Vaquilar, 26.3 Leon Villafuerte, 19.3 StaffSgl. Ysmael Villegas, 28.3 Theodoro Vinter, 22.5 Major Russell Volckmann, 16.1 , 16.6, 28.4

Wack Wack Country Club, 2.1,19.4 Maj. Gen. Jonathan Wainwright, 4.6,8.2, 10.1 , 10.3, 10.4, 12.3, 13.1 , 30.4 Cecil Walter, 21.2 Waray-Waray, 2.1

War Memorial Shrine, 28.4 War Plan Orange, 8.2 WaWaDam, 15 .1,27.8 Major Everett Warner, 16.5 Water Torture, 11.1 , 17.2, 19.9 Western Luzon Guerrilla Forces (WLGF), 14.3 Edgar Whitcomb, 10.7 LI. Arthur Whitehead, 22.2 Col. Courtney Whitney, 13 .7 Mr. Williams, 26.1 Col. Charles Willoughby, 13. 1, 15.8,20.2 Samuel J. Wilson, 21.2 Maj. Gen. Leonard Wing, 27.8 LI. Col. Eddie Wright,

365

14.4 Clarence Yamagata, 20.1 LI. Frank Young, 13 .1 2nd LI. Delfin YuHico, 22.3 Jose Yulo, 18.4, 19.3, 19.4, 19.6,27.2

Johnny Zagcat, 15.5 Zambales Military District, (ZMD), 14.4 Father Zamora, 2.3 Zapanta, 21.2 Zoning, 15.8, 19.2 Zero ward, 12.1, 12.2 Freddy Zervoulakas, 26.4 Zig Zag Pass, 15.2 Enrique Zobel, 19.5 Maj. Jacobe Zobel, 10.4 Jose Zulueta, 29.3

~uthor, on board ship in Mediterfanean Sea, Summer 1957, as part of reinforced ~attalion of US Marines

Author, on Marine Corps maneuvers at Vieques, Porto Rico, Summer, 1958.

Denny Milligan is a former US Marine. When he was honorably discharged in 1958, he went back to college and received his Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Criminology at Fresno State College in Fresno, California. While in his last year as an undergraduate, he was a officer, and after Master's Degree, became a California State Parole Agent supervising adult male felons on parole from the various California prisons. He then decided to attend law school in San Diego and graduated with his Juris Doctor degree in 1966 and became a deputy prosecutor before going into private practice. All this time he was a licensed Real Estate Broker and cowrote two real estate law textbooks one of which is titled "Real Estate Law in California:' Denny practiced law for 33 years and then retired in 2000. Years before that time he began traveling to the Philippines on a regular basis. He and his Filipina wife now live in the Philippines six months of each year.

In 2009, he published "Real Estate Law in the Philippines" a 764, all encompassing textbook that covers every aspect of real estate in the Philippines. He is also a licensed California Private Investigator. ilLEST WE FORGET: The Brave and Honorable Guerrillas and Philippine Scouts of WW II, Denny's latest venture.

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ISBN 978路971路011路120路6

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