The times when men must die : the story of the destruction of the Philippine Army during the early m

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The Story of the Destruction of the Philippine Army during the Early Months of World War II in the Pacific, December 1941-May 1942

MARCONI M. DIOSO

The Titnes When Men Must Die The Story of the Destruction of the Philippine Army During the Early Months of World War II in the Pacific, December 1941-May 1942 by

Marconi M. Dioso

FlllPINAS HERtT.4Gl: LIBRARY DORRANCE PUBLISHING CO., INC. PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15222

All Rights Reserved Copyright Š 2010 by Marconi M. Dioso No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

ISBN: 978-1-4349-0809-4 eISBN: 978-1-4349-5563-0 Printed in the United States of America

First Printing For information or to order additional books, please write: Dorrance Publishing Co., Inc. 701 Smithfield St. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222 U.S.A. 1-800-788-7654 www.dorrancebookstore.com

"There are times when men have to die."

U.S. Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson during deliberations with Generals Marshall and Eisenhower deciding on a reply to President Quezon and General MacArthur's plea for supplies and men.

Washington, D.C., 9 February 1942

This book is dedicated to the cherished memory of my parents, Alfredo Bonilla Dioso and Lourdes Marfori Dioso, who kept our family together through the vicissitudes during the years of Japanese occupation of the Philippines.

Contents Chapter One Commonwealth Act No.1, The National Defense Act: The Creation of the Philippine Army, 1935 - 1937 ................................................................................................ ... ... .. ............. 1 Chapter Two The Gathering War Clouds, 1938 - 1940 .. .... .. ........ .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. ........ .. .... ........................ ... 5 Chapter Three Mobilization of the Philippine Army Reserve Forces ................................. .... .... .. ..... .. ... .. ........... 9 Chapter Four World War II Erupts in the Pacific: 7-8 December 1941 ................................................ .... ....... 15 Chapter Five The Japanese Invasion, December 1941 ..... .. ........................................................ .... ................ 21 Chapter Six The Invasion of Southern Luzon and Mindanao .......................................................... ... .... .. .... 26 Chapter Seven Start of the North Luzon Force (NLF) Withdrawal to Bataan, 23 December 1941 to Christmas Day, 1941 ... ... ... .... ...... ... ... ... ...... ....... ...... ... ... ..... .... .. ..... .. ... ....... .. .. ............... .. .. .... 30 Chapter Eight The South Luzon Force (SLF) Withdraws to Bataan .................................................... .... ........ 35 Chapter Nine The North Luzon Force's Withdrawal to Bataan .................................................... ........ .......... 39 Chapter Ten The North Luzon Force Withdraws into Bataan ......................................................... ..... ......... 44 Chapter Eleven Inside Fortress Bataan .............................................................................................. .. .............. 49

Chapter Twelve The Siege of Bataan: The First Month, January 1942 .................... ..... .... ...... .... ... .. .............. ... ..54 Chapter Thirteen The Siege of Bataan: Defensive Actions on the II Corps Main Line of Resistance (MLR) ..... ... ... .... ... .......... ..... ...... ........................................................ 62 Chapter Fourteen The Siege of Bataan: the Japanese Assault on the Mauban Battle Line ................ ......... ..... ........ 66 Chapter Fifteen Withdrawal to the Reserve Battle Position, II Corps Sector ...... .. .... .... ..... ... ..... .... ..... ................ 70 Chapter Sixteen Combat in the I Corps Sector: The Pocket Fights ......... ..... .. .... ........... .... ... ........... .. .... .... ... ..... ..76 Chapter Seventeen Combat in the I Corps Sector: Battle of the Points .... ..... .. .. ..... ...... .. ........ .... .. ............ ... ......... ...84 Chapter Eighteen "The Great Lull Starts: February, 1942 ................................................................................ .....91 Chapter Nineteen The Lull Continues : March 1942 .... .................................... .............................. ................. ...... 97 Chapter Twenty Preparations for the Final Battle for Bataan: March 1942 ......... .... ..... ......... .. .... ..... ........ ......... 103 Chapter Twenty-One The Final Battle for Bataan ... ... ... ... .. .... ... .... ... .... .. ... ......... .. .................... ....... .......... ... ......... ....108 Chapter Twenty-Two Surrender of the Luzon Force on Bataan .... .... .. .... .. ... .. ..... .... .. .... .... ... .. .... .. ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... 116 Chapter Twenty-Three Combat on Corregidor and the Southern Philippines: Visayan Islands and Mindanao ..... ... ....123 Chapter Twenty-Four Surrender of the USFIP (United States Forces in the Philippines) ..... .... ... ..................... ... ... ... 129 Chapter Twenty-Five Denouement ..... ...... ... ...... ....... .... ......... ............... ...... ..... .... ... ... ... ......................................... 135 Abbreviations Used in this Book ... .... ....... ... ............... .. .... .......... ... .. ... .. .. ....... ..... ........... ... ....139 NOTES ....... ..... ...... ... .. ... .... .. ....... ........................... .... ....... .... ..... .... ..... ... ........... .. ...... .... ..... .141 Bibliography ..... ... .......... .... .... .. .. ... .. .... ....... ..... .......... ........... ..... ..... .. .... ... .... .... ............ ...... ... 155

Acknowledgments In the five years that I worked on this book, I had the wonderful help of family and friends. It is now time for me to give my profound thanks to these individuals. Many thanks to Ms. Yolanda E. Jacinto, Chief, Filipiniana Division of the Philippines National Library in Manila; to Messrs. Toshiaki Endo and Kawai Masahiro of the Military Archival Library, National Institute for Defense Studies in Tokyo, Japan. Sincere thanks to Mrs. Kazuko Lap, Japanese language teacher at Maui Community College for her help in translating texts and patiently giving me Japanese language tutorial lessons. Thanks to the library staff of the U.S. Army Military History Institute in Carlisle, PA; to the library staff and photo duplication service of the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.; to the Staff at of the Kihei Public Library, Maui, HI. My eternal gratitude to my friends Roger Clow, Charlene Hughes, Chuck Knobel, and Dick Thompson for patiently reading the raw chapters of this book. Thanks to Mr. Tarou Watanabe of Shinagawa-Ku for his help and information about accommodations in Ebisu district, Tokyo. My many thanks to my brother, Lysander, and his wife, Evelyn, and their children, Ella and Dino, for providing me with housing, delicious food, and valuable transportation during my visits to the Philippines to do my research.

NOTES

Chapter 1 1. History of the Philippines: Economic, Social, Political. p.460 2. The Good Fight. p.154 3. History of the Philippines: Economic, Social, Political. p.466 4. The Good Fight. p.159 5. The Philippine Army 1935 - 1942. p.42-p.43 6. The Natsu Battalion Chronicles. p.l00 7. The Philippine Army 1935 - 1942. p.52 8. Ibid. p.65 9. Ibid. p. 55 10. The Years of MacArthur. p.505 11. The Philippine Army 1935 - 1942. p.62 12. Ibid. p.74 13. The Years of MacArthur. p.544 14. At Ease. p.228 15. Reminiscences. p.l04 16. A Brief History of the 5 pt Division, Philippine Army quoted from the book, General Douglas MacArthur by Francis T. Miller.

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Chapter 2 The Philippine Army 1935 - 1942. p.76 Ibid. p. 81.

The Years of MacArthur. p. 531 Guardians of Empire. p.182 The Fall of the Philippines. p.12 The Philippine Army 1935 - 1942. p.155 A Japanese in the Philippines: An Autobiography. p. 146 The Years of MacArthur. p.472 I Saw the Fall of the Philippines. p.34 The Philippine Army 1935 - 1942. p. 172 Reminiscenes. Douglas MacArthur. p. 29 History of the Philippines. Economic. Social. Political. p. 421

Marconi M. Dioso

Chapter 3 1. There Were Others. p. 55 2. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 23 3. Triumph in the Philippines. 1941 - 1946. p. 18 4. History of the 61 st Division (PA) in the Wainwright Papers. p. 52 5. Report of Operations of the Quartermaster Corps (USA) in the Wainwright Papers. p. 41 6. Letter to Board of Officers, Washington, D. Coo 1 February 1946. Research Material, Philippine Army Division, Box 17. p. 4.

7. Report of Brig. Gen. Clifford Bluemel (USA) on 31 st Division (PA) from Special Collection included in the Morton Files. p.4 8. Notes collected in the Calvin E. Chunn files. p.6 9. Letter of Brig. Gen. Bluemel to Historical Division - SSUSA included in Research Material Philippine Army Division, Box 17. p.3 10. Notes collected in the Calvin E. Chunn files. p.l0 11. Beyond Courage. p.50 12. We Band of Angels. p.4 13. Corregidor: Isle of Delusion. p. 68-69 14. General Wainwright's Story. p.14 15. Tacitus History. Book II.

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Chapter 4 The Years of MacArthur. p.552 General Wainwright's Story. p. 13 Pearl Harbor. Final Judgment. p.143 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 67 Reminiscences. Douglas MacArthur. p.l09 The Rising Sun in the Pacific. 1931 - April 1941. p.155 Report of Operations of the Quartermaster Corps, USA. p.42 General Wainwright's Story. p.25 Pearl Harbor. Final Judgment. p. 438 The War Journal of Major Damon "Rocky" Gause. pooxxi Report ofBG Clifford Bluemel (USA) on 31't Division (PA). p. 4 A Brief History of the 51 st Division (PA). p.29 The Philippine Army 1935 - 1942. p. 119 Reminiscences. Douglas MacArthur. p.114 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 81 Reminiscences. Douglas MacArthur. p.117 The Fall of the Philippines. p.81 Samurai! p.63 14th Infantry (PA). Certified Report. p.l Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p.17 The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines. p.282 Reminiscences. Douglas MacArthur. p. 121

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Chapter 5 General Wainwright's Story. p.27 14th Infantry (PA). Certified Report. p.2 The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines. p.283 Report of Operations of the Quartermaster Corps (USA). p.53 The Rising Sun in the Pacific. 1931 - April 1942. p.172 They Served With Honor. p.4 Interview of Japanese Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma by Colonel Walter E. Buckly March 1946. p. 1 General Wainwright's Story. p. 27 pt Demobilization Bureau Document # 1. p.l Bataan's Own. p.38 1st Demobilization Bureau Document # 1. p.42 General Wainwright's Story. p. 29 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 223 12th Infantry (PA). Story by Capt. Wayne C. Liles (US). p.l0 General Wainwright's Story. p. 32 pt Demobilization Bureau Document # 1. p.51 Report of Operations of the Provisional Tank Group, USAFFE 1941 - 1942. p.142 Ibid. p. 143 The Fall of the Philippines. p.129 Interview ofT apanese Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma by Colonel Walter E. Buckly; March, 1946.p.3

Chapter 6 Japs in Other Island. p. 2 The Wainwright Papers. p. 2 A Brief History of the 5pt Division (PA). p.69 History of the 6pt Division (PA). p.52 Order of Batde ofJapanese Armed Forces. pt Demobilization Bureau, Document # 1. p.18 The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines. p.284 Ibid. p. 288 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p.25 The Story of the pt Regular Division (PA). p. 46 Japanese Army Handbook 1939 - 1945. p.69 A Brief History of the 51 st Division (PA). p.72 52 nd Inf. (PA), Story by 1st Lt. John Shaw. Chunn Papers A Brief History of the 51 st Division (PA). p. 74 Ibid. p.69

Chapter 7 1. 7pt Inf. (PA). Story of Capt. Erickson (USA). Chunn papers. p. 15 2. Letter to Board of Officers, Washington, D.C. 1 February 1946. Research Material Philippine Army Division. Box 17. p. 5 3. Ibid. p.16.

4. Selleck catalouged all the shortcomings that characterized the PA including his own Chief of Staff, Col. Reyes (PA) whom he belitded as "no damned good."

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5th Air Group in pt Demobilization Bureau Document # 1. p. 3 Letter to Board of Officers, Washington, D.C. 1 February 1946. Research Material, Philippine Army Division. p.8 7. General Wainwright's Story. p.35 8. Reminiscences. Douglas MacArthur. p. 41 9. General Wainwright's Story. p. 41 10. 48 th Division. pt Demobilization Bureau Document # 1. p. 32 11. South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p.ll

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Chapter 8 General Wainwright's Story. p.54 Doomed Garrison - The Philippines (A POW Story). p.112 Ibid. p. 53 Report of Operations of the Quartermaster Corps, United States Army. p.55 The Story of the First Regular Division. p. 54 Ibid. p. 55 The Fall of the Philippines. p.193 The Story of the First Regular Division. p.58 Report of Operations of the Provisional Tank Group, USAFFE 1941 - 1942. p.147 Operations of the 1st Infantry Regular Division (PA) During the First Philippine Campaign, World War II. p.6 The Story of the First Regular Division. p. 59 53 rd Inf. (PA). Story by Capt. Wm. M. Cummings. Chunn papers. p.37 They Served With Honor. p. 14

Chapter 9 Report of Brigadier General Clifford Bluemel, U.S. Army - 31 st Division, Philippine Army. p. 10 Report of Operations of the Provisional Tank Group, USAFFE 1941 - 1942. p. 144 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 174 Report of Operations of the Provisional Tank Group, USAFFE 1941 - 1942. p.145 Ibid. p.146 General Wainwright's Story. p.42 Battle for Bataan. An Eyewitness Account. p.48 The Fall of the Philippines. p.183 South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p.14 14th Infantry (PA) Certified Report. Chunn papers. p. 16 The Operations of the 3 rd Battalion, 1 ph Infantry (1 ph Division, PA.) at Zaragosa, PI. 28 December - 29 December 1941. p. 14 Ibid. p. 16 South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p.15 llth Infantry (PA). Story by 2 nd Lt. James O. Rooks (USA). Chunn papers. p.8 South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p.14 Operations of the 2pt Infantry Regiment, 2pt Division, USAFFE, 7 December 1941 - 9 April 1942. p.2 A Brief History of the 22 nd Infantry. p. 3 Bulletin No. 761. Development of the Philippine Is. Operations. p. 12 Battle for Bataan. An Eyewitness Account. p. 55 144

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20. Ibid. p. 53 21. Senshi Soosho. General Dobashi's name cited for the first time. The Kanji characters for Dobashi can also be read as Tsuchihasi. p. 211 22. Letter to Board of Officers, Washington, D.C. 1 February 1946. Research Material, Philippine Army Division. Box 17. p. 9 23. South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p. 15 24. They Served With Honor. p. 10 25. 7pt Inf. (PA). Story of Capt. Ericson. Chunn papers. p.16 26. Report of Operations of the Provisional Tank Group. USAFFE 1941 - 1942. p. 149 27. South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p. 16

Chapter 10 1. Interview ofJapanese Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma by Colonel Walter E. Buckly, March 1946. p.4 2. Senshi Soosho. p. 211 3. MacArthur and Wainwright. Sacrifice of the Philippines. p. 49 4. Ibid. p. 51 5. General Wainwright's Story. p. 44 6. The War Journal of Major Damon "Rocky" Gause. p. 7 7. Interview ofJapanese Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma by Colonel Walter E. Buckly, March 1946.p.4 8. A Japanese in the Philippines. p. 143 9. The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines. p. 7 10. SenshiSoosho.p. 211 11. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 216 12. Lieutenant Ramsey's War. p. 56 13. They Served With Honor. p. 17 14. The Battle for Bataan. p. 64 15. A Brief History of the 22 nd Infantry. p. 4 16. They Served With Honor. p. 17 17. South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p. 16 18. I1ÂŁh Infantry (PA). Story by 2 nd Lt. James O. Rooks. Chunn papers. p.8 19. Report of Operations of the Provisional Tank Group, USAFFE 1941 - 1942. p. 151 20. South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p.17 21. My Hitch in Hell. The Bataan Death March. p. 28 22. General Wainwright's Story. p. 45 23. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 230

Chapter 11 1. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 224 2. South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p. 19 3. A Brief History of the 22 nd Infantry. p. 5 4. Letter to Board of Officers, Washington, D.C., 1 February 1946. p. 10 5. They Served With Honor. p. 22 6. Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p. 80 7. Above and Beyond. p. 200 8. Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p. 81 145

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9. Lieutenant Ramsey's War. p. 58 10. Report of Operations of South Luzon Force, Bataan Defense Force and II Philippine Corps In the Defense of South Luzon and Bataan. 8 December 1941 - 9 April 1942. p. 108 11. Ibid. p. 107 12. The 11th Infantry Regiment. Philippine Army. p. 3a 13. Pass in Review. The ROTC Cadets During WW II. p. 38 14. Report of Operations of USAF FE and USFIP in the Philippine Islands 1941 - 1942. p.31 15. Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bay. p. 66 16. The Fall of the Philippines. p.247

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Chapter 12 The Fall of the Philippines. Citation from the IJA's 14th Army Operations report. p. 261 5th Air Group (From Box No.8 Research Material: Japanese). p. 74 65 th Brigade (From Box No.8 Research Material: Japanese). p. 65 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 146 Report of Operations of the Quartermaster Corps, United States Army. p. 63 Report, Surgeon of Luzon Force to Commanding General Luzon Force. Medical Aspects of the Surrender.

Report of Operations of the Quartermaster Corps, United States Army. p. 56 History of the 21 st Division (PA) Lightning Division. p. 30 Reminiscences. Douglas MacArthur. p. 129 I Saw the Fall of the Philippines. p. 115 Doomed Garrison-The Philippines (A POW Story). p. 96 I Saw the Fall of the Philippines. p.141 A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p.132 Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p. 130 Ibid. p. 14 Above and Beyond. p. 201 Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p. 139 History of the 21 st Division (PA) Lightning Division. p. 31 Operations of the 21 st Infantry Regiment, 21't Division, USAFFE, 7 December - 9 April 1942. p.4 History of the 22 nd Inf. Regt. (From Chunn Notebooks.). p. 13 A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p. 41 Ibid. p. 135 Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p. 171 Regimental History 51 st Infantry. Philippine Army. p. 3

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Chapter 13 Chronological Order of Events. 51 st Div. (PA) from Dec. 29,41 to Jan 26, 42. p.2 Regimental History 51't Infantry Philippine Army. p.3 Chronological Order of Events. 51 st Div (PA) from Dec 29, 41 to Jan 26, 42. p. 4 Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p. 170 53 Inf (PA). Story by Capt. Wm. M. Cummings. p. 38 A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p. 134 They Served With Honor. p. 31

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8. Report of Operations of South Luzon Force, Bataan Defense Force and II Philippine Corps In the Defense of South Luzon and Bataan, 8 December 1941 - 9 April 1942. p. 117 9. A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p. 34 10. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 287 11. History of the 23 rd Inf. (PA) Story by Capt. John C. Ellis. p.14 12. A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p. 46 13. Letter of Col. Loren A. Wetherby to Maj. Gen. Orlando Ward dated 4 March 1952. p.l 14. Report of Operations of the Provisional Tank Group, USAFFE 1941 - 1942. p. 155 15. Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p. 202 16. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 290

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Chapter 14 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 279 Japanese Operations: Bataan, West Coast. p.l Report of Operations of North Luzon Force and I Philippine Corps in the Defense of North Luzon and Bataan. 8 December 1941 - 9 April 1942. p.80 Lieutenant Ramsey's War. p. 64 General Wainwright's Story. p. 49 The Story of the First Regular Division. p. 78 History of the 3rd Infantry Regiment, 1st Regular Division. p. 2 Bataan Odyssey. p. 35 Report of Operations of the Provisional Tank Group, USAFFE 1941 - 1942. p. 154 Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p. 221 History of the 3rd infantry, 1st Regular Division. p. 4 Bataan Odyssey. p. 38 Japanese Operations: Bataan, West Coast. p.l Operations of the pt Infantry, l't Regular Division (PA) During the First Philippine Campaign, World War II. p. 9 General Wainwright's Story. p. 52 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 295

Chapter 15 1. A Brief History of the 31 St Division, PA. p. 61 2. Ibid. p. 66 3. Regimental History. 5pt Infantry. Philippine Army. p.5 4. Ibid. p. 5 5. We Band of Angels. p. 38 6. Report of Operations of the Provisional Tank Group, USAFFE 1941 - 1942. p. 157 7. Report of Operations of South Luzon Force, Bataan Defense Force and the II Philippines Corps. p. 121 8. Ibid. p. 30 9. Report of BG Clifford Bluemel (USA) on 31 st Division (PA), Sub-sector "C" Mt. Samat Line. p.15 10. Ibid. p. 13 11. 32 nd Inf. (PA). Story by pt Lt. Harold A. Morey. p. 23 12. Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p. 247 147

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13. Report of BG Clifford Bluemel (USA) on 31 st Division (PA), Sub-sector "C" Mt. Samat Line. p.lS 14. A Brief History of the Spt Division, Philippine Army. p. 141 15. A Brief History of the 31 st Division, Philippine Army. p.74 16. Report of BG Clifford Bluemel (USA) on 31 st Division (PA), Sub-sector "C" Mt. Samat Line. p. 16 17. Japanese Operations: West Coast. p. 2 18. Report of Operations of USAF FE and USFIP in the Philippine Islands 1941 - 1942. p. 37 19. Bataan. The Judgment Seat. p. 292

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Chapter 16 Report of Operations of North Luzon Force and I Philippine Corps in the Defense of North Luzon and Bataan. p. 82 Ibid. p.83 Ibid. p. 82 The 11th Infantry Regiment. Philippine Army. p. 7 Operations of the 1't Infantry, 1st Regular Division (PA) During the First Philippine Campaign, World War II. p. 11 History of the 3 rd Infantry Regiment, 1st Regular Division (PA). p. 6 South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p. 33 The 11 th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Army. p. 11 Ibid. p. 11 Ibid. p. 13 llth Infantry. Story by 2 nd Lt. James O. Rooks. p. 9 Japanese Operations: Bataan, West Coast. p. 3 The II th Infantry Regiment. Philippine Army. p. 15 South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p. 24 Japanese Operations: Bataan, West Coast. p. 3 The 11th Infantry Regiment. Philippine Army. p. 14 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 344 Japanese Operations: Bataan. West Coast. p. 4 South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p. 24 The 11th Infantry Regiment. Philippine Army. p. 16 Bataan's Own. p. 162 Ibid. p. 149 Report of Operations of North Luzon Force and I Philippine Corps in the Defense of North Luzon and Bataan, 8 December 1941 - 9 April 1942. p. 86

Chapter 17 1. The Natsu Battalion Chronicles. p. 103, 105 2. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 300 3. Report of Operations of USAF FE and USFIP in the Philippine Islands 1941 - 1942. p. 31 4. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 306 5. Ibid. p. 308 6. Bataan's Own. p. 111 7. Ibid. p. 113 8. Ibid. p. 116 148

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9. Ibid. p. 117 10. Surviving Bataan and Beyond. p. 77 11. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 309 12. Ibid. p. 311 13. General Wainwright's Story. p. 56 14. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 315 15. Report of Operations of the Provisional Tank Group, USAFFE 1941 - 1942. p. 158 16. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 321 17. Bataan's Own. p. 131 18. Natsu Battalion Chronicles. p. III 19. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 323 20. Bataan's Own. p. 132 21. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 323 22. Ibid. p. 324

Chapter 18 1. Philippine Diary, 1939 - 1945. p. 78 2. Interview ofJ apanese Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma by Colonel Walter E. Buddy March 1946. p.6 3. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 349 4. Reminiscences. Douglas MacArthur. p. 138 5. Saw the Fall of the Philippines. p. 349 6. The Good Fight. p. 269 7. MacArthur and Wainwright. Sacrifice of the Philippines. p. 99 8. Ibid. p. 100 9. Ibid. p. 101 10. The Good Fight. p. 272 11. MacArthur and Wainwright. Sacrifice of the Philippines. p. 109 12. I Saw the Fall of the Philippines. p. 183 13. MacArthur and Wainwright. Sacrifice of the Philippines. p. 116 14. Doomed Garrison-The Philippines. (A POW Story). p. 120 15. Philippine Diary 1939 - 1945. p. 92 16. Report of Operations of the Quartermaster Corps, United States Army. p. 66 17. Ibid. p. 64 18. Handwritten notes of Col. J.v. Collins, G-3 for USAFFE and Luzon Forces. p. 66 19. Report of Operations of the Quartermaster Corps, United States Army. p. 66 20. Ibid. p. 92 21. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 378 22. A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p. 122 23 . A Trilogy of Wars: The Philippine Revolutionary Wars of 1896 - 97, the Spanish-American War in the Philippines in 1898, and the Filipino - American War, 1899 - 1902. p. 136 24. A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p.112

Chapter 19 1. p t Demobilization Bureau Document # 1. p. 1 2. The Rape of Nanking. p. 137 3. Reminiscences. Douglas MacArthur. p. 127

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Lapham's Raiders. Guerrillas in the Philippines. 1942 - 1945. p. 14 Report of Operations of South Luzon Force, Bataan Defense Force and the II Philippine Corps in the Defense of South Luzon and Bataan, 8 December 1941 - 9 April 1942. p. 127 Report of BG Clifford Bluemel, US Army on 3pt Division, Philippine Army, Sub-sector "c" Mt. Samat Line, Bataan, PI. p. 15 General Wainwright's Story. p. 63 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 66 Ibid. p. 65 Report of Operations of the Quartermaster Corps, United States Army. p. 93 Battle for Bataan. An Eyewitness Account. p. 116 Ibid. p. 115 Letter of George C. Groce to Maj. Gen. K. L. Berry dated 22 January 1950. p. 1 I Saw the Fall of the Philippines. p. 146 South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p. 32 My Hitch in Hell. The Bataan Death March. p.82.

The following excerpt from this book illustrates tl1e degree of brutality visited by the Japanese soldiers on Philippine women: "On our next mission we arrived at our destination earlier than expected. As we approached the barrio we heard women screaming and the sound of rifle fire.

We took cover at the top of ridge and looked down at the village. We were aghast at what we saw. Tied to each nipa hut leg was a Filipina woman with her clothes torn almost totally off, and we watched in horror as Japanese soldiers inserted something into each woman's vagina. These women screamed crying for someone to stop this torture, but the Japanese merely laughed louder and harder... Just as I was about to turn my face away, I saw a few of the soldiers light the fuses that were protruding from the women's vagina. Within twenty seconds I heard the explosions."

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A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p. 85 Reminiscences. Douglas MacArthur. p. 127 Battle for Bataan. An Eyewitness Account. p. 110 A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p. 123 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 399 Report of USAF FE and USFIP in the Philippine Islands 1941 - 1942. p. 38 General Wainwright's Story. p. 70 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 399 Handwritten notes by Col. J.v. Collins, G-3 for USAFFE and Luzon Force. p. 67 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 71 General Wainwright's Story. p. 72 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 69

Chapter 20 1. Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946.

2. Interview of Japanese Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma by Colonel Walter E. Buckly, March -1946.

3. The Fall of the Philippines. p.414 150

The Times Men Men Must Die

4. SenshiShoosho.p.286 5. u.s. vs Homma. p. 2678 6. A Trilogy of Wars: The Philippine Revolutionary Wars of 1896-97, the Spanish-American War in the Philippines in 1898, and the Filipino-American War, 1899-1902. p.539 7. U.S. vs Homma. p. 2847-48 8. Interview of Japanese Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma by Colonel Walter E. Buddy, March - 1946. p. 5 9. Pass in Review: The ROTC Cadets During WW II. p. 38 10. Report of Operations of South Luzon Force, Bataan Defense Force and II Philippine Corps In the Defense of South Luzon and Bataan, 8 December 1940 - 5 April 1942. p. 123 11. A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p. 123 12. All This Was Bataan. p. 110 13. Ibid. p. 99 14. Triumph in the Philippines, 1941- 1946. p. 64 15. All This Was Bataan. p. 124 16. The Fall of the Philippines. p.420 17. All This Was Bataan. p. 110 18. We Band of Angels. p. 79 19. Ibid. p. 81 20. Interview ofJapanese Lieutenant General Masahru Homma by Colonel Walter E. Buddy, March - 1946. p.7 21. Ibid. p.7 22. All This Was Bataan. p. III 23. Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 77

Chapter 21 1. Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 70 2. Report of Operations of USAF FE and USFIP in the Philippine Islands 1941 - 1942. p.39 3. Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p.73 4. Activities of 41 Infantry, Philippine Army 1 to 9 April 1942. p.l 5. A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p. 154 6. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 416 7. Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 73 8. All This Was Bataan. p. 125 9. A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p. 159 10. Ibid. p. 162 11. Report of Operations South Luzon Force, Bataan Defense Force, and the II Philippine Corps In the Defense of Southern Luzon and Bataan. p. 131 12. Monograph of Colonel Ray M. O'Day. p. 39 13. Activities of the 41 Infantry, Philippine Army 1 to 9 April 1942. p. 3 14. A Brief History of the 22 nd Infantry. p. 8 15. Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p.491 16. Battle for Bataan. p. 125 17. Monograph of Colonel Ray M. O'Day. p. 41 18. Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p.494 19. Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 -1946. p. 75 20. General Wainwright's Story. p. 78 S[

S

[

151

Marconi M. Dioso

21. Operations of the 2pt Infantry Regiment, 21 st Division, USAFFE, 7 December 1941 - 9 April 1942.p.6 22. Activities of 4pt Infantry, Philippine Army 1 to 9 April 1942. p. 5 23. Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p.74 24. History of the 33 rd Inf. (PA), less 1st Bn., 3 - 9 April 1942. p.13 25. Report of BG Clifford Bluemel, U.S. Army on 31 st Division, Philippine Army Sub-sector "c."

Mt. Samat line. p. 22 26. Ibid. p. 23 27. Interview ofJapanese Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma by Colonel Walter E. Buddy, March - 1946. p. 8 28. History of the 33 rd Inf. (PA), less 1st Bn., 3 - 9 April 1942. p. 14 29. Ibid. p. 19 30. A Brief History of the 31 st Division, Philippine Army. p.85 31. Report ofBG Clifford Bluemel, U.S. Army on 31 st Division, Philippine Army Sub-sector "c."

Mt. Samat line. p. 24 32. Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p. 530 33. Report of Operations of the Provisional Tank Group, USAFFE 1941 - 1942. p. 162 34. Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p. 533 35. Ibid. p. 534 36. Lieutenant Ramsey's War. p. 81 37. General Wainwright's Story. p. 79 38. Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p. 542

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Chapter 22 Bataan: Our Last Ditch. p.551 Lieutenant Ramsey's War. p. 82 History of the 3 pt Division, Philippine Army. p. 85 Bataan's Own. p. 189 Beyond Courage. One Regiment Against Japan, 1941 - 1946. p. 152 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 83 A Time for War. 105 Days in Bataan. p. 192 Ibid. p. 197 Report of Operations of South Luzon Force, Bataan Defense Force and t~e II Philippine Corps in the Defense of South Luzon and Bataan. 8 December 1941 - 9 April 1942. p. 136 Report of Operations of USAF FE and USFIP in the Philippine Islands, 1941 - 1942. p. 41 The 11th Infantry Regiment. Philippine Army. p. 7 The Fall of the Philippines. p.455 Report of Operations of the Provisional Tank Group, USAFFE 1941 - 1942. p.163 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 459 General Wainwright's Story. p. 80 We Band of Angels. p. 87 A Diary of the Japanese Occupation: December 7,1941 - May 7,1945. p. 84 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 451 Surviving Bataan and Beyond. p.114 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 458 I Saw the Fall of the Philippines. p.279 General Wainwright's Story. p. 81 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 461 152

The Times When Men Must Die

24.

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South to Bataan. North to Mukden. p. 37 Ibid. p. 38 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. III A Brief History of the 31 st Division, Philippine Army. p. 88 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 113 Ibid. p. 112 Prisoners of the Japanese. p. 75 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. III We Remember Bataan and Corregidor. p. 178 Prisoners of the Japanese .. 75 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 112 Ibid. p. 112 I Saw the Fall of the Philippines. p. 301

Chapter 23 1. General Wainwright's Story. p. 84 2. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 474 3. Ibid. p. 478. Curiously, the two PA artillery units were never mentioned in the Harbor Defense of Manila and Subic Bay reports.

4. Harbor Defense of Manila and Subic Bay Reports. p.85 5. Interview ofJapanese Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma by Colonel Walter E. Buchly, March 1946.p.8 6. 14th Infantry (PA) Cerified Report. p. 16 7. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 501 8. A History of the Cebu Military Police Regiment and Cebu During the War Period. p. 1 9. Ibid. p. 5 10. Report of Operations of USAF FE and USFIP in the Philippine Islands 1941 - 1942. p. 45 11. The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines. p. 286 12. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 507 13. Ibid. p. 499 14. A Brief History of the 101 st Division, Philippine Army. p. 43 15. Operation Report Digos Sector, March 28, 1942 to May 10, 1942. p. 1 16. A Brief History of the 10 pt Division, Philippine Army. p. 9 17. Operation Report Digos Sector, March 28,1942 to May 10,1942. p. 1 18. A Brief History of the 101 st Division, Philippine Army. p. 43 19. The Fall of the Philippines. p. 512

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Chapter 24 Corregidor of Eternal Memory. p. 23 We Band of Angels. p. 105 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 538 Report of Operations of USAF FE and USFIP in the Philippine Islands, 1941 - 1942. p.51 Ibid. p. 53 Ibid. p.54 General Wainwright's Story. p. 119 Ibid. p. 122 Ibid. p. 131 153

Marconi M. Dioso

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Ibid. p. 145 14th Infantry (PA) Certified Report. p. 17 A Brief History of the 101 st Division, Philippine Army. p.59 Operation Report Digos Sector, March 28,1942 to May 10,1942. p. 3 The Fall of the Philippines. p. 575 A Brief History of the 101 st Division, Philippine Army. p. 61 Mindanao Campaign As Regards 103 rd Infantry. p. 3 Narrative Report (of the 102nd Division Field Hospital) . p. 2 History of the 6pt Division, PA. p. 54 Narrative Report of Lt. Col. McLennan on the 61 st Division, PA. p. 11 Ibid. p. 15 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 124 The Fall of the Philippines. p.581 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 127

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Chapter 25 Prisoners of the Japanese. p. 73 Triumph in the Philippines, 1941 - 1946. p. 109 Ibid. p. 107 Japanese Army Handbook, 1935 - 1945. p. 27 We Remember Bataan and Corregidor. p. 101 Guide to Japanese Monographs and Japanese Studies in Manchuria, 1945 - 1960. p. 222 Reminiscences. Douglas MacArthur. p.279 Prisoners of the Japanese. p.374 We Remember Bataan and Corregidor. p.l07 Reminiscences. Douglas MacArthur. p.234 Eyewitness to History. p. 635 Report of Operation of Luzon Force 10 March - 9 April 1942. p. 178 Surviving Bataan and Beyond. p. 133 Prisoners of the Japanese. p. 14 We Remember Bataan and Corregidor. p. 157 World War II in the Philippines. p. 337 A Brief History of the 10pt Division, Philippine Army. p. 69 We Remember Bataan and Corregidor. p. 221

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