Alex Fischer 65 Disbrow Lane New Rochelle New York 10804
Fischer Residence Environmental Analysis
1
Analysis of Existing Conditions
2
The Fischer Residence is situated just north of New York City in Westchester County. The climate is temperate, with mild winters and relatively hot summers. Due to the large size and high costs of heating, the house is mostly used in the summer, when the pool in the backyard is open for 3.5 months out of the year. The high costs are also due in large part to the lack of insulation, as the house was built in 1932. Most of the living spaces are on the northen side of the lot, where they recieve little sunlight and the brunt of the winter winds. Solar gain could be used effectively in this climate but the size and location of the existing windows are prohibiting most of the gain.
Climate Analysis
Winter Winds
Summer Winds
The Fischer Residence is located at the southeast tip of New York State in Westchester County. The town, New Rochelle, lies 15 minutes north of New York City at coordinates 40.941956 -73.797795. The climate is characterized by mild winters with precipitation and muggy and humid summers. Winter temperatures usually range from 25-50째 F and summers 65-85째F with extremes of -5째F and 95째F. Winds are stronger in the winter, averaging around 14mph and mild in the summer when they average around 9mph. The home is primarily used during the summer, mostly due to the high costs of heating the house during the cold winter months. A swimming pool in the back yard provides relief during hot summer days. The house is relatively large, with 4 bedrooms, 2.5 bathrooms, and 6 primary living spaces. The large square footage of 2618 ft2 combined with little to no insulation in the walls (the house was built in the 1930s) causes a significant inefficiency in the heating of the house.
3
Site Analysis Winter
13
12 5 8 9
6
2
6” Contours
3
1 10
1/16” = 1’
14
7
11
4
Wind Water Run-off
Low sun angles in the winter should let light pour into the Office (4). However, the large bushes in front of the windows, which provide privacy from the street, block much of this sunlight. This is a shame since this could be a very ideal spot in the wintertime as it is also the most wind-protected room. All of the living spaces, including the living room (3), family room (7), breakfast room (6), and dining room (5), are on the opposite side from the sun. All of that warmth from the sunlight is going into relatively unused spaces such as the office (4), bathroom (11), and washing room (9). Meanwhile, the living spaces are eating the cold winter wind. 4
1. Entrance 2. Kitchen 3. Living Room 4. Office 5. Dining Room 6. Breakfast Room 7. Family Room 8. Closet 9. Washing Room 10. Closet 11. Bathroom 12. Pool 13. Patio 14. Fire Pit
Winter Wind Rose
Winter Sun Chart
Site Analysis Summer
13
12 5 8 9
6
7
2
1/16” = 1’
6” Contours
3
1 10
1. Entrance 2. Kitchen 3. Living Room 4. Office 5. Dining Room 6. Breakfast Room 7. Family Room 8. Closet 9. Washing Room 10. Closet 11. Bathroom 12. Pool 13. Patio 14. Fire Pit
11
4
Wind Water Run-off
High sun angles in the summer allow light to penetrate into the family room (7) in the morning. The office (4) as usual, gets the most sunlight overall, with additional sunlight coming through the skylights on the ceiling. The kitchen (2) and the dining room (5) get light from the sunset. Outdoor spaces. including the patio (13) and fire pit (14), get sun throughout the day, except for the morning when the 12’ trees planted along the eastern edge of the property cast their shadows onto the ground. The pool (12) receives valuable sunlight in the morning and late afternoon, which heats up the water, saving some energy for the electric water-heater. The backyard gets some cool summer brreezes from the northeast while the house blocks the strong winds from the south.
Summer Wind Rose
Summer Sun Chart
5
Environmental Redesign
6
The house could benefit greatly from ceiling fans which can make it seem cooler by at least 5째F. This is one of the more comfortable climates, so open living spaces to breezes in summer, and expand and add windows along the southern facade to increase passive solar gain in winter. The existing tile, hardwood flooring, and stone fireplace are perfect for storing winter daytime solar gain and summer nightime coolth. Adding window overhangs or operable sunshades will prevent overheating during the summer and reduce the need for air conditioning. Increasing direct sunlight in the winter and limiting it the summer is crucial. The square footage should also be decreased, as there are only 2 permanent residences in a large house.
Climate Design Priorities Desired Orientation
CLIMATE & ARCHITECTURE
WINTER
SUMMER
EARTH
SKY
WIND SUN R.H. TEMP
FLOODS
HURRICANES
WIND SUN R.H. TEMP
4 3 ASSETS
5
2
6
1
LIABILITIES
Basis of Passive Heating & Cooling
QUAKES
Basis of Energy Conservation
Environmental Priorities
Increasing the natural light in the more commonly used spaces will increase solar heat gain and reduce heating costs. This may not be feasible for rooms on the northern side but by reorganizing room assignments, living spaces can be moved to the southern side. In this climate, the winter temperatures are the biggest liability, with summer temperatures coming second as cooling costs are currently cheaper than heating costs. The sun can be used to great advantage in the winter as can the wind during the summer.
7
Before & After Floor Plan First Floor
BREAK- FAMILY DINING FAST ROOM ROOM ROOM CLO W/D ROOM
BREAK- FAMILY DINING FAST ROOM ROOM ROOM LIVING ROOM
KITCHEN ENTRY CLO
BR
OFFICE
BREAKFAST KITCHEN ROOM FAMILY ROOM
After
DINING ROOM
LIVING ROOM
ENTRY CLO
Winter
CLO
BR
OFFICE
Summer
Before
CLOW/D ROOM
LIVING ROOM
ENTRY
Winter
DINING ROOM
W/D CLO ROOM KITCHEN
BR
CLOW/D ROOM
BREAKFAST KITCHEN ROOM FAMILY ROOM
ENTRY CLO
OFFICE
LIVING ROOM BR
OFFICE
Summer 1/16” = 1’
By switching the Family Room and Kitchen, a significantly greater amount of direct sunlight is let into the most commonly used space of the house. Sunshades provide protection during summer months. The Kitchen becomes larger, allowing more space for cook-
8
ing and could even be used as more of a common living space. It still retains equal if not slightly superior access to the dining spaces as well as the outdoor patio, where meals are often served in the summertime. Expanding the window of the existing Kitchen improves solar heat gain and reduces heating costs. Also, by trimming and moving the bushes to the south of the office, more direct sun in allowed in and the many plants that are in the sunroom would flourish.
Before & After Floor Plan
Second Floor
CLO
BR
BEDROOM 1
CLO
GUEST BEDROOM
BR
BEDROOM 1
GUEST BEDROOM BEDROOM 2
CLO CLO
BEDROOM 2
MASTER BEDROOM
CLO
BR
Winter
BR
BEDROOM 1
CLO
GUEST
CLO
CLO
BR
After
BR
BR
BEDROOM 1
GUEST
BEDROOM
Winter
MASTER BEDROOM
Summer
Before
CLO
CLO
MASTER BEDROOM
CLO
BEDROOM CLO
CLO
CLO
MASTER BEDROOM
BR
CLO
CLO
Summer 1/16” = 1’
Reducing the total square footage of the heated portion of the house was also a priority, as the large size raises heating costs considerably. There are currently only two permanent residence in the house, and 4 Bedrooms is unnecessary. Reducing the size of Bedroom 2 and combinging it with the Guest Bedroom removes a large portion of heated space that was unused for most of the year and allows more relatives to spend the night. Increasing the size of the Guest Bedroom window allows much more direct sunlight in the winter and sun shades reduce solar gain in the summer. Similar action was taken with the Master Bedroom window. The skylights above the Office are detrimental as they only recieve direct sun in the summer, and so they were removed.
9
Before & After Axon Terraced backyard shed water to the trench
Primary living spaces on the north side do not recieve much sunlight
Tall trees provide privacy and shade for outdoor spaces
Skylights only recieve summer sunlight due to the angle
Small windows do not allow much sunlight in the winter
Large trees and bushes block winter sunlight from warming the house
Sloped driveway causes basement to flood during heavy rains
Before Terraced backyard shed water to the trench
Sunshades block summer sun from heating spaces
Sloped grass sheds water to the street
Pergola provides shade and rain protection over fire pit
Skylights removed
Expanded windows allow more sunlight in winter
Sloped driveway causes basement to flood during heavy rains
After 10
Moving and removing trees allows sunlight into first floor spaces
Sloped grass sheds water to the street
Solar Window The addition of a pergola to the outdoor patio would provide relief in the summer from the hot sun. The stone tiled ground heats up a lot and can be discomforting to walk on after swimming. The pergola would be able to provide screened shading in the summer and as the vines die off in the winter, would allow sunlight through.
11
Heat Loss Calculations
It is neccessary to calculate how much heat is being lost and where the loss is occuring along the building envelope. By analyzing wall, floor, roof, window, and door details, we can calculate the resistance value and heat loss coefficient of each assembly. With these calculations, annual heat loss can be derived. This data will later be used to prioritize retrofitting options and create savings schedules.
12
Heated Spaces Plans & Sections A
2 W
2 W
1 R 1 F
2 W
1 W 2 W
3 W 2 F 2 W
2 W
2 W
3 F
4 F
1 W
B
First Floor
Section A
2 W
3 W
2 W
3 W
1 R
1 W
3 W
2 F 2 W
3 W
5 F 1 W
Second Floor
1 F
1 R
Section B 1/16� = 1’
The first and second floor of the house are heated, and the basement and attic are unheated. Walls are made mostly of brick and concrete masonry units with some of the upper parts paneled with wood. The walls have no insulation and rely on their thickness to reduce heat loss, which is highly ineffective.
13
Wall Sections 1W
14
Exterior Air Film
0.17
Brick
0.80
1/2” Air Space
1.00
Concrete Masonry Unit
0.80
1/2” Gypsum Wall Board
0.45
Interior Air Film
0.68
Total R of Assembly
3.90
Total U of Assembly
0.26
Exterior Air Film
0.17
1” Plywood Sheathing
1.25
Brick
0.80
1/2” Air Space
1.00
Concrete Masonry Unit
0.80
1/2” Gypsum Wall Board
0.45
Interior Air Film
0.68
Total R of Assembly
5.15
Total U of Assembly
0.19
2W
Wall Sections 3W Exterior Air Film
0.17
Wood Siding
0.97
Brick
0.80
1/2” Air Space
1.00
Concrete Masonry Unit
0.80
1/2” Gypsum Wall Board
0.45
Interior Air Film
0.68
Total R of Assembly
4.87
Total U of Assembly
0.21
15
Floor Sections 1F RStud
16
RCavity
Exterior Air Film
0.17
0.17
1/2” Plywood Sheathing
1.25
1.25
2x8” Wood Joist 16”OC
9.36
--
1/2” Gypsum Wall Board
0.45
0.45
Interior Air Film
0.68
0.68
Total R of Assembly
11.91
2.55
Total U of Assembly
0.08
0.39
Average R of Assembly
4.89
Average U of Assembly
0.20
2F
RCavity
RStud Interior Air Film
0.68
0.68
Carpet with Rubber Pad
1.23
1.23
1/2” Plywood Sheathing
1.25
1.25
2x8” Wood Joist 16”OC
9.36
--
1/2” Gypsum Wall Board
0.45
0.45
Interior Air Film
0.68
0.68
Total R of Assembly
13.14
3.78
Total U of Assembly
0.08
0.26
Average R of Assembly
6.12
Average U of Assembly
0.16
0.18
Average U of Assembly
Floor Sections 3F RStud
RCavity
Interior Air Film
0.68
0.68
Tile Flooring
0.05
0.05
1/2” Plywood Sheathing
1.25
1.25
2x8” Wood Joist 16”OC
9.36
--
1/2” Gypsum Wall Board
0.45
0.45
Exterior Air Film
0.17
0.17
Total R of Assembly
11.97
2.61
Total U of Assembly
0.08
0.38
Average R of Assembly
4.95
Average U of Assembly
0.20
4F
RStud
RCavity
Interior Air Film
0.68
0.68
Carpet with Rubber Pad
1.23
1.23
1/2” Plywood Sheathing
1.25
1.25
2x8” Wood Joist 16”OC
9.36
--
1/2” Gypsum Wall Board
0.45
0.45
Exterior Air Film
0.17
0.17
Total R of Assembly
13.14
3.78
Total U of Assembly
0.08
0.26
Average R of Assembly
4.23
Average U of Assembly
0.24
17
Roof Section 1R RStud
18
RCavity
Exterior Air Film
0.17
0.17
Asphalt Shingles
0.44
0.44
1/2” Plywood Sheathing
0.62
0.62
2x8” Wood Joist 16”OC
9.36
--
1/2” Gypsum Wall Board
0.45
0.45
Interior Air Film
0.68
0.68
Total R of Assembly
11.72
2.36
Total U of Assembly
0.09
0.42
Average R of Assembly
4.70
Average U of Assembly
0.21
Table A Simplified Calculation of Building Heat Loss Cofficient
Peak and Annual Load Detail #
U-Value (Btu/hrft2)
Total Area(ft2)
Heat Loss Coefficient (UA=Btu/hr°F)
1W
0.26
697.48
181.34
2W
0.19
1563.09
296.99
3W
0.21
478.26
100.43
Window
1Win
1.05
548.68
576.11
Door
1D
0.27
44.65
12.06
Roof
1R
0.21
2120.72
445.35
1F
0.20
557.90
111.58
2F
0.16
1211.31
193.81
3F
0.20
387.14
77.43
4F
0.18
729.37
131.29
5F
0.24
206.22
49.49
Type
Wall
Floor
INFILTRATION (heated volume of the building x number of air changes x the heat capacity of air .018 Btu ft3°F) #A.C. x .018 x volume cu.ft. = heat loss coefficient 1.2 x .018 x 26180.25
=
565.49 2,741.37
Total Heat Loss Coefficient (total UA) Btu/hr°F HEAT LOSS SOURCE Transmission Losses: Walls
PEAK HEAT LOSS (BTUh) 123,361.65 AN. HEAT LOSS (MMBTU) 248.30 Building Energy Performance (kWh/m2) 257.84
100% %
UA HEAT LOSS Btu/hr/°F 578.77
21.1
Windows
576.11
21.0
Doors
12.06
0.4
Roofs
445.35
16.2
Floors Infiltration Losses
563.60
20.6
565.49
20.6
= total UA 2,741.37
x
Design indoor (°F) 65
-
Design outdoor (°F) 20
= total UA 2,741.37
x 24 hrs 24
x annual degree days 3774
Annual Loss/sq.ft heated
= BEPS BTU/sqft
x .00315 US/metric
81,852
v x .00315
314.29/2618
19
Energy Load Calculations Heating Hot Water Appliances Lighting Cooling
0
20
40
60
80
100
This section describes the calculation of total home energy loads. They are broken up my energy use, including heating, cooling, domestic hot water, lighting, appliances, and automobiles. Though the use of various formulas, the largest costs associated with the energy load are identified. This section also compares calculated estimates with actual oil, water, and electricity bills to verify heat loss calculations were correct and help in supporting the cost of retrofits. For totality’s sake, calculations will be done as if the house was occupied throughout the year, instead of during summers and weekends as it is currently used. 20
HEATING Heating: Building Load Coefficient 1. UA total for house (BTU/h oF) 2,741.37 x 24 = 65,792.88 building load coefficient (BTU/day oF) (could vary per month if storm windows, night insulation, or zoning is used) 2. DD base 65oF. Look up monthly DD at that base or calculate (new DD base– ave temp/month) x days month Heating fuel type 1 oil (choose: gas, oil, electric, other) 3B. heating system efficiency 85% 4. $ 5946.78/ 221.59 mmbtu = 26.83 (convert from $ ___________/kwh if needed) (total mmbtu from the bills divided by the $ charged), note total costs in 4. may be less than bills if gas is used for DHW, cooking and drying (add all of those columns = bill). 10ccf gas = mcf = mmbtu use these values to gal oil = 140,000 BTU = .14mmbtu understand your bills cord of wood = 20 mmbtu 6 1 kWh = 3413 btu (mmbtu = btu x 10 ) 1. BLC = 24 UA/ DD
2. mo, HDD (base 65o)
3. Htg. Load BTU x 106 (1. X 2.)
divide by sys. effic. (eg. .85 = 85%)
3B. Htg. System Demand (BTU x 106)
Total Heating Cost
4. cost/ mmbtu
Jan
65,792.88
x
806
=
53.03
/.85
62.39
x
26.83
=
1673.85
Feb
65,792.88
x
786
=
51.71
/.85
60.84
x
26.83
=
1632.31
Mar
65,792.88
x
645
=
42.44
/.85
49.93
x
26.83
=
1339.49
Apr
65,792.88
x
264
=
17.37
/.85
20.43
x
26.83
=
548.26
May
65,792.88
x
95
=
6.25
/.85
7.35
x
26.83
=
197.29
June
65,792.88
x
11
=
0.72
/.85
0.85
x
26.83
=
22.84
July
65,792.88
x
0
=
0
/.85
0
x
26.83
=
0
Aug
65,792.88
x
0
=
0
/.85
0
x
26.83
=
0
Sept
65,792.88
x
12
=
0.79
/.85
0.93
x
26.83
=
24.92
Oct
65,792.88
x
213
=
14.01
/.85
16.49
x
26.83
=
442.34
Nov
65,792.88
x
342
=
22.50
/.85
26.47
x
26.83
=
710.24
Dec
65,792.88
x
600
=
39.48
/.85
46.44
x
26.83
=
1246.04
3774 Total HDD
248.30 Heating Load (mmbtu)
292.12 System Demand
7,837.59
(mmbtu)
Heating Cost $
your heating bills will include system inefficiency 221.59 x 10 btu / 2,618 ft = 84,639 btu/ft What is the Btu/ SqFt? __________________ btu/sqft 221.59 x 106 btu / (2,618 ft2 x 4777 hdd) = 17 btu/ft2-hdd What is the Btu/ SqFt-HDD heating value? __________________ btu/sqft-hdd Check the box according to your heating value 6
Where Your Energy Dollar Goes: 7.2% Lighting & Appliances
Heating Hot Water Appliances Lighting Cooling 0
20
40
38.3% Heating Water
2
2
Passive house = 1 watt house (per sqmeter and hdd metric) = 0.8 Btu/sqft/hdd Best new homes: 2 Btu/SqFt-HDD
54.5% Heating & Cooling 60
80
100
ENERGY STAR® homes: 5 Btu/SqFt-HDD low usage existing homes: 7 Btu/SqFt-HDD medium usage existing homes: 11 Btu/ SqFt-HDD high usage existing homes: 15 Btu/ SqFt-HDD
21
DOMESTIC HOT WATER
(DHW)
General Information Gallons of hot water 1,973/month (can be variable) (activity chart) DHW Fuel type gas (gas, electric, other) if Electric: if Gas: 5. mmbtu/mo = 1.973 = gallons x .001 mmbtu/gallon (convert to mmbtu) 5. kwh/mo= gallons x .2 kwh/gallons 6. cost/kwh = $________. (convert to cost/mmbtu) 6. cost/mmbtu= $26.83 (1 kwh = 3413 btu, mmbtu = btu x 106) (mmbtu/mo = (kwh x 3413 btu/kwh)/106 5. DHW Load BTU x 106
x $/ mmbtu
Total Domestic Hot Water Cost
Jan
1.973
x 26.83
52.94
Feb
1.973
x 26.83
52.94
Mar
1.973
x 26.83
52.94
Apr
1.973
x 26.83
52.94
May
1.973
x 26.83
52.94
June
1.973
x 26.83
52.94
July
1.973
x 26.83
52.94
Aug
1.973
x 26.83
52.94
Sept
1.973
x 26.83
52.94
Oct
1.973
x 26.83
52.94
Nov
1.973
x 26.83
52.94
Dec
1.973
x 26.83
52.94
Total
23.68 DHW load
Activity
Gallons per use
Clothes Washing
32
x
5
=
160
Showering
20
x
70
=
1400
Bathing
20
x
1
=
20
Automatic Dishwashing
12
x
12
=
144
Preparing Food
5
x
45
=
225
Hand Dishwashing
4
x
6
=
24
635.23 DHW cost
# of times per month
total
1,973
US average DHW use: totals 1 person = 35 gallons/day Family 4 = 75-90 gallons/day Family 6 = 105-121 gallons/day Average household = 65 gallons/day Average Africa Family = 5 gallons/day
22
COOLING General Information 7. Monthly CDD or cooling hours/month (variable by month) Equipment SEER rating 9.5 BTU/wh Unit Capacity 10,000 BTUh (note: 1 ton = 12,000 BTU/hrs) (if window units add all together) 8. Monthly cooling system demand in kwh/CDD 1.05 = unit capacity in BTU/hr divided by (SEER in BTU/wh x 1000 wh/kwh) 9. Electricity cost $ 0.189/kwh 7. Monthly CH or CDD
8. Cooling System Demand factor (kwh/CDD)
Monthly Cooling System Demand (kwh)
9. Electricity cost per kwh
Total Cooling Cost per month
Jan
0
x
1.05
=
0
x 0.189
=
0
Feb
0
x
1.05
=
0
x 0.189
=
0
Mar
0
x
1.05
=
0
x 0.189
=
0
Apr
13
x
1.05
=
13.65
x 0.189
=
2.58
May
124
x
1.05
=
130.20
x 0.189
=
24.61
June
337
x
1.05
=
353.85
x 0.189
=
66.88
July
557
x
1.05
=
584.85
x 0.189
=
110.54
Aug
428
x
1.05
=
449.40
x 0.189
=
84.94
Sept
232
x
1.05
=
243.60
x 0.189
=
46.04
Oct
21
x
1.05
=
22.05
x 0.189
=
4.17
Nov
0
x
1.05
=
0
x 0.189
=
0
Dec
0
x
1.05
=
0
x 0.189
=
0
1797.60 Total Cooling Load
339.76 Total Cooling Cost
23
LIGHTING Lighting energy use Quantity in the House Incandescent Lights
Average Lamp Wattage (w)
Average Hours On per Month (h/mo)
55
x
60
x
100
=
330,000
Compact Fluorescent (CFL)
_________
x
_________
x
_________
=
_________
Fluorescent Lights
_________
x
_________
x
_________
=
_________
Halogen Lights
_________
x
_________
x
_________
=
_________
Other
_________
x
_________
x
_________
=
_________
_________
x
_________
x
_________
=
_________
=
330,000
*(With dimmers reduce the lamp wattage)
10. (total wh/mo)/1000 = 330 total kwh/mo 11. Electricity cost $ 0.189 /kwh 10. Monthly Lighting Load KWh
Monthly Lighting Cost
11. Electricity cost $/kwh
Jan
330
x
0.189
=
62.37
Feb
330
x
0.189
=
62.37
Mar
330
x
0.189
=
62.37
Apr
330
x
0.189
=
62.37
May
330
x
0.189
=
62.37
June
330
x
0.189
=
62.37
July
330
x
0.189
=
62.37
Aug
330
x
0.189
=
62.37
Sept
330
x
0.189
=
62.37
Oct
330
x
0.189
=
62.37
Nov
330
x
0.189
=
62.37
Dec
330
x
0.189
=
62.37
3,960 Lighting Load
24
Total (wh/mo)
748.44 Total Lighting Cost
APPLIANCES Appliance energy use quantity in house
average wattage in use
average hours on/mo
Total (wh/mo)
Refrigerator/Freezer
1
x
650
x
180
=
117,000
Dryer
1
x
5,000
x
10
=
50,000
Washer
1
x
500
x
10
=
5,000
Oven/Stove
1
x
3,500
x
10
=
35,000
Computer
1
x
200
x
200
=
40,000
_________
x
_________
x
_________
=
_________
Entertainment Center
2
x
240
x
150
=
72,000
Other (small appliances)
20
x
200
x
15
=
60,000
Other (large, eg. spa)
1
x
5,000
x
20
=
100,000
total
=
479,000 wh/mo
12. divide 1000
=
479 kwh/mo
Copier
12. (total wh/mo)/1000 = 479 total kwh/mo 13. Electricity cost $ 0.189 /kwh 12. Monthly Appliance Load (KWh)
Monthly Appiance Cost
13 Electricity cost $/kwh
Jan
479
x
0.189
=
90.53
Feb
479
x
0.189
=
90.53
Mar
479
x
0.189
=
90.53
Apr
479
x
0.189
=
90.53
May
479
x
0.189
=
90.53
June
479
x
0.189
=
90.53
July
479
x
0.189
=
90.53
Aug
479
x
0.189
=
90.53
Sept
479
x
0.189
=
90.53
Oct
479
x
0.189
=
90.53
Nov
479
x
0.189
=
90.53
Dec
479
x
0.189
=
90.53
5,748 Appliance Load
1,086.37 Total Appliance Cost
25
CARS Auto energy use Car 1 15,000 miles/year / 28 mpg = 535.71 gallons X 0.125 mmbtu/gallon = 66.96 mmbtu Car 2 6,000 miles/year / 22 mpg = 272.73 gallons X 0.125 mmbtu/gallon = 34.09 mmbtu Car 3 300 miles/year / 10 mpg = 30 gallons X 0.125 mmbtu/gallon = 3.75 mmbtu 838.44 Total gallons 104.80 Total mmbtu 14. Total mmbtu 104.80 / 12 months = 8.73 15. Average $/gallon 3.66 / 0.125 mmbtu/gallon = 29.28 $/mmbtu
14. Monthly Cars MMBTU Jan
8.73
x
29.28
=
255.61
Feb
8.73
x
29.28
=
255.61
Mar
8.73
x
29.28
=
255.61
Apr
8.73
x
29.28
=
255.61
May
8.73
x
29.28
=
255.61
June
8.73
x
29.28
=
255.61
July
8.73
x
29.28
=
255.61
Aug
8.73
x
29.28
=
255.61
Sept
8.73
x
29.28
=
255.61
Oct
8.73
x
29.28
=
255.61
Nov
8.73
x
29.28
=
255.61
Dec
8.73
x
29.28
=
255.61
104.76 Car Load
26
v
15. $/mmbtu
3,067.37 Total Car Cost
TOTAL MONTHLY ENERGY USE (EXCLUDING CARS) GAS
$ Heating
$ Domestic Hot Water*
Jan
1,673.85
52.94
Jan
1303.03
Feb
1,632.21
52.94
Feb
1170.57
Mar
1,339.49
52.94
Mar
620.635
Apr
628.84
$ Appliance*
Actual Gas Bills
Estimated Total $ Gas
Apr
548.26
52.94
May
197.29
52.94
May
471.64 134.32
June
22.84
52.94
June
July
0
52.94
July
134.32 132.32
Aug
0
52.94
Aug
Sept
24.92
52.94
Sept
183.75 183.75
Oct
442.34
52.94
Oct
Nov
710.24
52.94
Nov
183.75 797.86 5946.78
Dec
1246.04
52.94
Dec
Total
7,837.59 *
635.23 *
Total
GAS
These should * Estimated Gas Annual Total 8,472.82 match
* If applicable
Actual Gas Annual Total 5,946.78
* Gas heating estimates are off because the house is primarily used as a summer/weekend home and goes unheated for many days in winter months due to the high cost of heating the house. Estimates show heating costs if the home was occupied throughout the year.
ELECTRIC
$ Cooling
Jan
0
$ Domestic Hot Water*
Actual Electric Bills
$ Lighting
$ Appliance
$ Estimated Total
62.37
90.53
Jan
195.34 109.65
0
62.37
90.53
Feb
Mar
0
62.37
90.53
Mar
107.80
Apr
2.58
62.37
90.53
Apr
109.73
Feb
May
24.61
62.37
90.53
May
97.55
June
66.88
62.37
90.53
June
284.66
July
110.54
62.37
90.53
July
473.15
Aug
84.94
62.37
90.53
Aug
325.41
Sept
46.04
62.37
90.53
Sept
216.64
Oct
4.17
62.37
90.53
Oct
96.64
Nov
0
62.37
90.53
Nov
123.28
Dec
0
62.37
90.53
Dec
115.72
Total
339.76
748.44
1086.37
Total
2,255.57
ELECTRIC
These should Estimated Electricity Annual Total 2,174.57 Actual Electricity Annual Total 2,255.57 match
* If applicable
How does your house compare to US and International energy standards? Heating Annual Kwh in mmbtu equivalent
Cooling
6.13
Annual mmbtu
292.12
Percentage of Total Energy (%)
82.51%
Lighting
Domestic Hot Water
13.50
Appliance
19.60 23.68
Totals 39.23
Annual BTU/ft2
`
460.37/2618 = .176 BTU/Ft2 87,500
314.80
70,000 42,500
1.73%
3.81%
6.69%
5.54%
100%
35,000 17,500
27
28
29
30
Energy Saving Retrofit
This section reccomends eight retrofits for the current house design. They are broken down by initial cost, installation, savings, and time till payback. The retrofits include floor insulation, night insulation, reduction of infiltration, window upgrades, cold water laundry, low flow shower heads, set back thermostat, caulk & weatherstripping, airlocks, pocket doors, cellular shades. These have been prioritized by based on amount saved, cost, and feasibility. Additionally a summary of all the retrofits is included to show the savings if all the retrofits were done together. 31
Caulking and Weatherstripping Decreases Infiltration Losses Caulk: Around Exterior Doors, Windows, and Brick to Roof Connections Weatherstripping: Interior of Windows and Exterior of Door Sweeps Products:
Calculations: DuPont 7901 Door, Window and Siding 10.1-Ounce Clear Caulk, 4-Pack Approx 48’ per tube $21.99 per 4-pack
Thermwell 3/8’X1/8’X17’wthr Strip V23wa Weatherstrip Foam Felt & Vinyl 17’ per tube $3.52
Type Number Length (ft) Small Window 7 62.58 Normal Window 16 232.557 Large Window 5 156.25 Door 2 41.148 Total 30 492.535 Both Sides 60 985.07
Cost and Payback: Costs 5 4-packs Caulk = $109.65 29 packs Weatherstripping = $108.08 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $217.74 Savings: 20% Inf. Savings = 113.10 Btu/hr°F 113.10 x 4777hdd x 24hrs = 12.97 mmbtu 12.97 x $26.83/mmbtu = Annual Savings = $347.99 Payback $217.74/$347.99 = 0.63 Payback = 7.5 months
32
Window Night Insulation Decreases Heat Loss through Windows Warm Window Shades: Hang on north and west facing Windows to prevent heat loss overnight
Products:
Calculations: 12 windows facing north or west Total Area = 154.27 ft2 New U Values: .95+7.69= 8.64R = 0.12U 0.12U x 154.27 = 18.51 Btu/hr°F
Cost and Payback: Warm Window Insulation System 45” Width R-value: 7.69 Lining with fabric protector High density needled holo fibers Reflective polyethylene moisture vapor barrier Metallized mylar with air-trapping fibers
Costs 12 Warm Window Shades = $222.00 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $222.00 Savings: Total Window UA = 575.11 Btu/hr°F New Total Window UA = 432.64 Btu/hr°F UA Saved = 142.47 Btu/hr°F 142.47 x $26.83/mmbtu = Annual Savings = $3,822.47 Payback $222.00/$3,822.47 = 0.06 Payback = 1 Month
$18.50
33
Floor Insulation Decreases Heat Loss through Floors R30 Insulation: Install into Basement Ceiling and Attic Floor
Products:
Calculations: Attic Floor
RStud
Owens Corning 15”x48”x9.5” R30 Kraft Batts in Bags 50.67 ft2 R30 Kraft Face 11 batts per package $44.99
Basement Ceiling
RCavity
0.17 0.17 1.25 1.25 9.36 30.00 0.45 0.45 0.68 0.68 11.91 32.55 3F 4F 5F
RStud 0.68 1.25 9.36 0.45 0.17 11.91 +0.05 +0.68 +1.23
RCavity New U Values: 0.68 1.25 30.00 0.45 0.17 32.55 +0.05 +0.68 +1.23
1F = 3F= 4F = 5F =
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03
Cost and Payback: Costs 37 R30 Insulation Bags = $1,664.63 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $1,664.63 Savings: Total Floor UA = 563.60 Btu/hr°F New Total Floor UA = 266.97 Btu/hr°F UA Saved = 296.63 Btu/hr°F 296.63 x $26.83/mmbtu = Annual Savings = $7,958.58 Payback $1,664.63/$7,958.58 = 0.21 Payback = 3 Months
34
House Zoning Decreases Total Square-Footage Heated at 65ยบF Zoning: Install curtains or close doors in front of areas of the house that are
largely unused. Curtains needed in front of Office, Dining Room, and second floor Hallway
Products:
Calculations: sqft heated at 65ยบ = 1,579.30 (60%) sqft heated at 55ยบ = 1,038.70 (40%) Total HDD at 65ยบF = 3774 Total HDD at 55ยบF = 2264 Toal HDD with Zoning : 3774 x .60 + 2264 x .40 = 3170 HDD
Thermal Backed Tuscan Blackout Curtain Panel Pair Treatments are designed with energy-efficient Thermatic lining Each panel is 52 inches wide $40.99 per pair
Cost and Payback: Costs 2 pairs of Thermal Curtains = $81.98 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $81.98 Savings: (BLCxHDD/system efficiency)($/mmbtu) (65,792.88 x 3774/.85)(26.83) = 7,837.59 (65,792.88 x 3170/.85)(26.83) = 6,583.24 Annual Savings = $1,254.35 Payback $81.98/$1,254.35 = 0.07 Payback = 1 Month
35
Smart Power Strip Decreases Appliance Energy Usage When Not In Use Belkin Conserve Smart: Plug strip into wall outlet and plug TV into green master outlet
and DVD player, VCR, recievers, speakers, and any other periph erals into the rest of the outlets
Products:
Calculations: 2 rooms with TV’s = 2 Smart Power Strips
Belkin Conserve Smart AV Energy Saving Power Strip Home electronics consume energy even when they’re turned off. Leaving home entertainment system peripheral devices on when not in use can add up to an average cost of $75 a year.* The Smart AV helps you reduce these costs by cutting down on wasted power. $28.57
Cost and Payback: Costs 2 Smart Power Strips = $57.14 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $57.14
Savings: Existing Appliance Load = 5,748 KWh New Appliance Load = 4,836 KWh Appliance Load Saved = 912 KWh 912 KWh x $0.189/KWh = $172.37 Annual Savings = $172.37 Payback $57.14/$172.37 = 0.33 Payback = 4 Months
36
Solar Pool Heater Decreases Appliance Energy Usage due to Pool Heating Solar Panels: Install solar panels according to product manual and hook up to
pool heating system
Products:
Calculations: Pool surface area: 498 ft2 Required sqft of solar panels = 450 ft2 Number of 4’ x 12’ panels needed = 9
Solar Pool Heater VORTEX 4x12 Panels Standard System Kit Solar Pool Heaters are the most effective, best value and best environmental choice for heating your pool no matter what climate your pool is in. Solar Pool Heater Benefits: • Can extend swimming season • up to 12 months depending on • location* • Ave. temp. rise up to 15-20º • Have no operating costs • No pollution, no fuel needed • Usually last 20+ years • Have a 10 Year warranty • Quick and easy installation • Minimal maintenance required $412.00 per panel
Cost and Payback: Costs 9 Panel Kit = $1,664.00 Shipment Surcharge: = $85.00 Shipping = $95.00 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $2,256.00
Savings: Existing Appliance Load = 5,748 KWh New Appliance Load = 4,548 KWh Appliance Load Saved = 1,200 KWh 1,200 KWh x $0.189/KWh = $172.37 Annual Savings = $226.80 Payback $2,256.00/$226.80 = 0.33 Payback = 10 Years
37
Compact Flourescent Lights Decreases Lighting Loads by Decreasing Wattage of Bulbs CFL’s: Unscrew existing Incandescent Bulbs and replace with new Compact
Flourescent Bulbs
Products:
Calculations: 55 existing incandescent lights 55 compact flourescent bulbs needed 8 per pack x 7 packs = 56 bulbs
GE 13-Watt Energy SmartTM - 8 Pack - 60 watt replacement Replace your 60 watt bulbs with these energy efficient 13 watt bulbs that last 5 years per bulb. Small compact size. Easy open store pack. Electronic flicker-free starting. 1 CFL bulb lasts as long as 8 incandescent bulbs. Light output - 825 lumens. Energy used - 13 watts. Life - 8000 hours. $8.74 per 8-pack
38
Cost and Payback: Costs 7 8-packs of CFLs = $61.18 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $61.18
Savings: Existing Lighting Load = 3,960 KWh New Lighting Load = 858 KWh Lighting Load Saved = 3,102 KWh 3,102 KWh x $0.189/KWh = $586.28 Annual Savings = $586.28 Payback $61.18/$586.28 = 0.05 Payback = 1/2 Month
Dimmer Switches Decreases Lighting Loads by Decreasing Avg. Wattage 3-Way Dimmer: Unscrew existing light switch housing and replace with new dimmer switch
Products:
Calculations: 55 existing incandescent lights 45 bulbs in 11 rooms could be controlled by dimmer Excludes bathrooms, closets, basement 45 x 30W x 100 + 10 x 60W x 100 = 1,950 KWh
MorrisProducts Slide 3-Way Dimmer with Switch in White MPQ3983: Features: -Slide 3-way dimmer with switch. -Color: White. -On / off switch. -Wall plate included. -Fits standard wall box. -Suppresses radio frequency interference (RFI). -Decorator style permits ganging with other decorative devices. -Wire leads provide for fast and easy assembly and wiring. -UL listed. Specifications: -Wattage: 700 Watt. -Case quantity: 10. Weight:1 lbs $22.99
Cost and Payback: Costs 11 Dimmer Switches = $252.89 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $252.89
Savings: Existing Lighting Load = 3,960 KWh New Lighting Load = 1,950 KWh Lighting Load Saved = 2,010 KWh 2,010 KWh x $0.189/KWh = $379.89 Annual Savings = $379.89 Payback $252.89/$379.89 = 0.67 Payback = 8 Months
39
Table A With Retrofits Simplified Calculation of Building Heat Loss Cofficient
Peak and Annual Load
Detail #
U-Value (Btu/hrft2)
Total Area(ft2)
Heat Loss Coefficient (UA=Btu/hr°F)
1W
0.26
697.48
181.34
2W
0.19
1563.09
296.99
3W
0.21
478.26
100.43
1Win
1.05
394.41
414.13
1Win+Shade
0.12
154.27
18.51
Door
1D
0.27
44.65
12.06
Roof
1R
0.21
2120.72
445.35
1F
0.04
557.90
22.32
2F
0.16
1211.31
193.81
3F
0.04
387.14
15.49
4F
0.04
729.37
29.17
5F
0.03
206.22
6.19
Type
Wall Window
Floor
INFILTRATION (heated volume of the building x number of air changes x the heat capacity of air .018 Btu ft3°F) #A.C. x .018 x volume cu.ft. = heat loss coefficient 1.0 x .018 x 26180.25
=
452.39 2,188.18
Total Heat Loss Coefficient (total UA) Btu/hr°F HEAT LOSS SOURCE Transmission Losses: Walls
PEAK HEAT LOSS (BTUh) 123,361.65 AN. HEAT LOSS (MMBTU) 248.30 Building Energy Performance (kWh/m2) 257.84
40
100% %
UA HEAT LOSS Btu/hr/°F 578.77
26.4
Windows
432.64
19.8
Doors
12.06
0.6
Roofs
445.35
20.4
Floors Infiltration Losses
266.97
12.2
452.39
20.7
= total UA 2,741.37
x
Design indoor (°F) 65
-
Design outdoor (°F) 20
= total UA 2,741.37
x 24 hrs 24
x annual degree days 3774
Annual Loss/sq.ft heated
= BEPS BTU/sqft
x .00315 US/metric
81,852
v x .00315
314.29/2618
HEATING WITH RETROFITS Heating: Building Load Coefficient 1. UA total for house (BTU/h oF) 2,188.18 x 24 = 52,516.32 building load coefficient (BTU/day oF) (could vary per month if storm windows, night insulation, or zoning is used) 2. DD base 60oF. Look up monthly DD at that base or calculate (new DD base– ave temp/month) x days month Heating fuel type 1 oil (choose: gas, oil, electric, other) 3B. heating system efficiency 85% 4. $ 5946.78/ 221.59 mmbtu = 26.83 (convert from $ ___________/kwh if needed) (total mmbtu from the bills divided by the $ charged), note total costs in 4. may be less than bills if gas is used for DHW, cooking and drying (add all of those columns = bill). 10ccf gas = mcf = mmbtu use these values to gal oil = 140,000 BTU = .14mmbtu understand your bills cord of wood = 20 mmbtu 6 1 kWh = 3413 btu (mmbtu = btu x 10 ) 1. BLC = 24 UA/ DD
2. mo, HDD (base 60o)
3. Htg. Load BTU x 106 (1. X 2.)
divide by sys. effic. (eg. .85 = 85%)
3B. Htg. System Demand (BTU x 106)
Total Heating Cost
4. cost/ mmbtu
Jan
65,792.88
x
723
=
37.97
/.85
44.67
x
26.83
=
1,198.5
Feb
65,792.88
x
681
=
35.76
/.85
42.07
x
26.83
=
1,128.74
Mar
65,792.88
x
487
=
25.58
/.85
30.09
x
26.83
=
807.31
Apr
65,792.88
x
212
=
11.13
/.85
13.09
x
26.83
=
351.20
May
65,792.88
x
54
=
2.84
/.85
3.34
x
26.83
=
89.61
June
65,792.88
x
3
=
0.16
/.85
0.19
x
26.83
=
5.10
July
65,792.88
x
0
=
0
/.85
0
x
26.83
=
0
Aug
65,792.88
x
0
=
0
/.85
0
x
26.83
=
0
Sept
65,792.88
x
4
=
0.21
/.85
0.25
x
26.83
=
6.71
Oct
65,792.88
x
145
=
7.61
/.85
8.95
x
26.83
=
240.13
Nov
65,792.88
x
301
=
15.81
/.85
18.60
x
26.83
=
499.04
Dec
65,792.88
x
560
=
29.41
/.85
34.60
x
26.83
=
928.32
3,170 Total HDD
166.48 Heating Load (mmbtu)
195.86 System Demand
5,254.92
(mmbtu)
Heating Cost $
your heating bills will include system inefficiency 195.86 x 10 btu / 2,618 ft = 74,812.83 btu/ft What is the Btu/ SqFt? __________________ btu/sqft 195.86 x 106 btu / (2,618 ft2 x 4777 hdd) = 15 btu/ft2-hdd What is the Btu/ SqFt-HDD heating value? __________________ btu/sqft-hdd Check the box according to your heating value 6
Where Your Energy Dollar Goes: 7.2% Lighting & Appliances
Heating Hot Water Appliances Lighting Cooling 0
20
40
38.3% Heating Water
2
2
Passive house = 1 watt house (per sqmeter and hdd metric) = 0.8 Btu/sqft/hdd Best new homes: 2 Btu/SqFt-HDD
54.5% Heating & Cooling 60
80
100
ENERGY STAR® homes: 5 Btu/SqFt-HDD low usage existing homes: 7 Btu/SqFt-HDD medium usage existing homes: 11 Btu/ SqFt-HDD high usage existing homes: 15 Btu/ SqFt-HDD
41
APPLIANCES WITH RETROFIT Appliance energy use quantity in house
average wattage in use
average hours on/mo
Total (wh/mo)
Refrigerator/Freezer
1
x
650
x
180
=
117,000
Dryer
1
x
5,000
x
10
=
50,000
Washer
1
x
500
x
10
=
5,000
Oven/Stove
1
x
3,500
x
10
=
35,000
Computer
1
x
200
x
200
=
40,000
Copier
_________
x
_________
x
_________
=
_________
Entertainment Center
2
x
240
x
100
=
48,000
Other (small appliances)
20
x
200
x
12
=
48,000
Other (large, eg. spa)
1
x
0
x
20
=
0
total
=
303,000 wh/mo
12. divide 1000
=
303 kwh/mo
12. (total wh/mo)/1000 = 479 total kwh/mo 13. Electricity cost $ 0.189 /kwh 12. Monthly Appliance Load (KWh) Jan
303
x
0.189
=
57.27
Feb
303
x
0.189
=
57.27
Mar
303
x
0.189
=
57.27
Apr
303
x
0.189
=
57.27
May
303
x
0.189
=
57.27
June
303
x
0.189
=
57.27
July
303
x
0.189
=
57.27
Aug
303
x
0.189
=
57.27
Sept
303
x
0.189
=
57.27
Oct
303
x
0.189
=
57.27
Nov
303
x
0.189
=
57.27
Dec
303
x
0.189
=
57.27
3,636 Appliance Load
42
Monthly Appiance Cost
13 Electricity cost $/kwh
687.20 Total Appliance Cost
LIGHTING WITH RETROFIT Lighting energy use Quantity in the House
Average Lamp Wattage (w)
Average Hours On per Month (h/mo)
Total (wh/mo)
Incandescent Lights
0
x
_________
x
__________
=
_________
Compact Fluorescent (CFL)
10
x
13
x
100
=
13,000
Fluorescent Lights
_________
x
_________
x
_________
=
_________
Halogen Lights
_________
x
_________
x
_________
=
_________
45
x
6
x
100
=
27,000
_________
x
_________
x
_________
=
_________
=
40,000
CFLs With Dimmer
*(With dimmers reduce the lamp wattage)
10. (total wh/mo)/1000 = 40 total kwh/mo 11. Electricity cost $ 0.189 /kwh 10. Monthly Lighting Load KWh
Monthly Lighting Cost
11. Electricity cost $/kwh
Jan
40
x
0.189
=
7.56
Feb
40
x
0.189
=
7.56
Mar
40
x
0.189
=
7.56
Apr
40
x
0.189
=
7.56
May
40
x
0.189
=
7.56
June
40
x
0.189
=
7.56
July
40
x
0.189
=
7.56
Aug
40
x
0.189
=
7.56
Sept
40
x
0.189
=
7.56
Oct
40
x
0.189
=
7.56
Nov
40
x
0.189
=
7.56
Dec
40
x
0.189
=
7.56
480 Lighting Load
90.72 Total Lighting Cost
43
TOTAL MONTHLY ENERGY USE WITH RETROFIT GAS
$ Heating
$ Domestic Hot Water*
Jan
1,198.5
52.94
Jan
1303.03
Feb
1,128.74
52.94
Feb
1170.57
Mar
807.31
52.94
Mar
620.635
$ Appliance*
Actual Gas Bills
Estimated Total $ Gas
Apr
351.20
52.94
Apr
628.84
May
89.61
52.94
May
471.64
June
5.10
52.94
June
134.32
July
0
52.94
July
134.32
Aug
0
52.94
Aug
132.32
Sept
6.71
52.94
Sept
183.75 183.75
Oct
240.13
52.94
Oct
Nov
240.13
52.94
Nov
183.75
52.94
Dec
797.86
635.23 *
Total
5946.78
Dec Total
928.32 5,254.92 *
GAS
These should * Estimated Gas Annual Total 5,890.15 match
* If applicable
Actual Gas Annual Total 5,946.78
* Gas heating estimates are off because the house is primarily used as a summer/weekend home and goes unheated for many days in winter months due to the high cost of heating the house. Estimates show heating costs if the home was occupied throughout the year.
ELECTRIC
$ Cooling
Jan
$ Domestic Hot Water*
Actual Electric Bills
$ Lighting
$ Appliance
$ Estimated Total
0
7.56
57.27
Jan
195.34
Feb
0
7.56
57.27
Feb
109.65
Mar
0
7.56
57.27
Mar
107.80
Apr
2.58
7.56
57.27
Apr
109.73
May
24.61
7.56
57.27
May
97.55 284.66
June
66.88
7.56
57.27
June
July
110.54
7.56
57.27
July
473.15 325.41
Aug
84.94
7.56
57.27
Aug
Sept
46.04
7.56
57.27
Sept
216.64
Oct
4.17
7.56
57.27
Oct
96.64
Nov
0
7.56
57.27
Nov
123.28
Dec
0
7.56
57.27
Dec
115.72
Total
339.76
90.72
687.20
Total
2,255.57
ELECTRIC
These should Estimated Electricity Annual Total 1,117.68 Actual Electricity Annual Total 2,255.57 match
* If applicable
How does your house compare to US and International energy standards? Heating Annual Kwh in mmbtu equivalent
Cooling
6.13
Annual mmbtu
195.86
Percentage of Total Energy (%)
81.70%
Lighting
Domestic Hot Water
1.64
Appliance
12.40 23.68
Totals 20.17
Annual BTU/ft2
`
239.71/2618 = .09 BTU/Ft2 87,500
219.54
70,000 42,500
44
2.56%
0.68%
9.88%
5.17%
100%
35,000 17,500
Solar Redesign
This section reccomends a few pasive solar heating design ideas. Suntempering involves calculating the area of windows on the south face of the house that would be needed to heat the house with solar heating to take a siginificant amount off of the heating bill. A passive solar heating option in given to convert the Office into a greenhouse that would store heat in the winter.
45
Suntempering
UAh = Total UA (after retrofit) - South Face UA = 2,188.18 Btu/hroF - (0.26 Btu/hrft2 x 319.31ft2) - (0.19 Btu/hrft2 x 239.85ft2) (0.21 Btu/hrft2 x 189.48ft2) - (1.05 Btu/hrft2 x 163.81ft2) (0.27 Btu/hrft2 x 27.70ft2) = 1,840.32 Btu/hroF Ug = U Value of South Glass = 0.50 Btu/hrft2 Ag = Area of South Glazing (Variable To Be Solved) Usw = U Value of South Wall Construction (after retrofit) = (0.26 x 319.31/748.64) + (0.19 x 239.85/748.64) + (0.21 x 189.48/748.64) = .22 Btu/hrft2 Atw = Area of Total South Wall and Window Area 893.59 ft2 ti = Average Desired Interior Design Temperature = 65oF to = Twelve Noon Outdoor Temperature in January = 35oF Is = Average Hourly Solar Radiation at Twelve Noon in January = 126.80 Btu/hr [UAh + UgAg + Usw(Atw-Ag)] (ti-to) = IsAg [1840.32 + 0.5Ag + .22(893.59 - Ag)] x (65 - 35) = 126.80Ag (1840.32 + 0.5Ag + 196.59 - 0.22Ag) x 20 = 126.80Ag (2036.91 + 0.28Ag) x 20 = 126.80Ag 40798.20 + 5.6Ag = 126.80Ag 40798.20 = 121.20Ag Ag = 336.61 ft2 Exisiting sqft of south facing glass = 163.81 ft2
Solar Panels
Existing
46
Proposed with Retrofits and Suntempering
Passive Solar Heating Sunspace I propose converting the existing office, which is currently the space that recieves the most sunlight, into a sunspace. This will allow the plants in there to flourish and will turn a mostly unused room into a prime new living space in the house.
Required Glazing Area SSFGoal = 20% LCR = 100
Load Collector Ratio LCR = (24UAneg.sg) / Asg = (24 x 2016.18) / Asg 100 = 48388.72 / Asg Asg = 483.88 ft2
Glazing Requiring Thermal Collection Mass New Sunspace Asg = 491.18 ft2 Other South Glass Asg = 213.89 ft2 Subtotal = 705.06 ft2 Sun Tempering = -336.61ft2 Total = 368.46 ft2 Thermal Collection Mass Concrete Heat Capacity = 30.03 BTU/ft3oF Existing Wall Area = 196.30 ft2 x Thickness of Wall = 24 in Concrete Wall Volume = 392.60 ft3 392.60 ft3 x 30.03 BTU/ft3oF = 11,789.78 BTU/oF
Operable Skylights should be used so the greenhouse can vent heat during the summer.
Honeycolm Shades are perfect for difusing summer sunlight while also storing heat in the winter.
47
Solar Redesign First Floor Plan and Site
Night Insulation
Dining Room Clo
W/D
Breakfast Room
Kitchen
Family Room
Expanded Windows
Living Room Clo
BR
Concrete Wall
Sunspace with tiled floor
1/16� = 1’
Most of the redesign involves increasing the size of existing windows, while ensuring warm air will not escape in the night though the use of night insulation. The concrete wall in the new Sunspace will soak up heat during the winter days and release it during the night. The Family Room will recieve a lot more sunlight that it previously did on the north side of the house. Curtains should be used to zone the house into heated zones of 65o or 55o. 48
Solar Redesign Second Floor Plan
Night Insulation
Clo Clo
BR
Bedroom 1
Guest Bedroom
Clo Clo
New Skylight
Expanded Windows
Clo BR
Master Bedroom
Clo
Honeycomb Shades
1/16� = 1’
The new second floor will be smaller in square-footage due the shrinking and combining of the unused second bedroom with the Guest Bedroom. The Guest Bedroom should be heated at 55o as should Bedroom 1. The Master Bedroom receives more sunlight with the expanded window as well as increased closet space behind the bathroom. Night Insulation should be placed on all of the North and West facing windows during winter nights. Honeycomb shades provide relief from the summer sun for the new sunspace.
49
Bedroom Master Solar Bedroom Redesign Living Through the Seasons Section Sun Room
Living Room
space
Sun space
Basement
Basement
Night Insulation
Master Bedroom
Master Bedroom
Living Room
Living Room
Sun space
Clo Clo
BR
Guest Sun Bedroom space Clo
Basement
Basement
New Skylight
Summer Day
Blinds Closed Vent Open
Blinds Open Expanded Vent Open Windows
Living Room
Living Room
Winter Day
Master Bedroom
Basement
Blinds Open Vent Closed
Sun space
Basement
Master Winter Night Blinds Closed Bedroom Vent Closed Living Room
Basement 50
Clo
Master Bedroom
BR
Summer Night
Master Bedroom Sun space
Bedroom 1
Sun 1/16� space= 1’
Honeycom
Project Conclusions
Clearly, there are many ways to descrease annual energy usage and use solar design to passively heat the house. While some of these measures may be costly, in the long run the savings overcome the cost. By thinking about, incorporating, and using environmental factors in your house, your life can be improved and your impact on the environment can be minimalized.
51