Fischer House Analysis

Alex Fischer 65 Disbrow Lane New Rochelle New York 10804

Fischer Residence Environmental Analysis

1

Analysis of Existing Conditions

2

The Fischer Residence is situated just north of New York City in Westchester County. The climate is temperate, with mild winters and relatively hot summers. Due to the large size and high costs of heating, the house is mostly used in the summer, when the pool in the backyard is open for 3.5 months out of the year. The high costs are also due in large part to the lack of insulation, as the house was built in 1932. Most of the living spaces are on the northen side of the lot, where they recieve little sunlight and the brunt of the winter winds. Solar gain could be used effectively in this climate but the size and location of the existing windows are prohibiting most of the gain.

Climate Analysis

Winter Winds

Summer Winds

The Fischer Residence is located at the southeast tip of New York State in Westchester County. The town, New Rochelle, lies 15 minutes north of New York City at coordinates 40.941956 -73.797795. The climate is characterized by mild winters with precipitation and muggy and humid summers. Winter temperatures usually range from 25-50째 F and summers 65-85째F with extremes of -5째F and 95째F. Winds are stronger in the winter, averaging around 14mph and mild in the summer when they average around 9mph.

The home is primarily used during the summer, mostly due to the high costs of heating the house during the cold winter months. A swimming pool in the back yard provides relief during hot summer days. The house is relatively large, with 4 bedrooms, 2.5 bathrooms, and 6 primary living spaces. The large square footage of 2618 ft2 combined with little to no insulation in the walls (the house was built in the 1930s) causes a significant inefficiency in the heating of the house.

3

Site Analysis Winter

13

12 5 8 9

6

2

6” Contours

3

1 10

1/16” = 1’

14

7

11

4

Wind Water Run-off

Low sun angles in the winter should let light pour into the Office (4). However, the large bushes in front of the windows, which provide privacy from the street, block much of this sunlight.

This is a shame since this could be a very ideal spot in the wintertime as it is also the most wind-protected room.

All of the living spaces, including the living room (3), family room (7), breakfast room (6), and dining room (5), are on the opposite side from the sun. All of that warmth from the sunlight is going into relatively unused spaces such as the office (4), bathroom (11), and washing room (9). Meanwhile, the living spaces are eating the cold winter wind.

4

1. Entrance 2. Kitchen 3. Living Room 4. Office 5. Dining Room 6. Breakfast Room 7. Family Room 8. Closet 9. Washing Room 10. Closet 11. Bathroom 12. Pool 13. Patio 14. Fire Pit

Winter Wind Rose

Winter Sun Chart

Site Analysis Summer

13

12 5 8 9

6

7

2

1/16” = 1’

6” Contours

3

1 10

1. Entrance 2. Kitchen 3. Living Room 4. Office 5. Dining Room 6. Breakfast Room 7. Family Room 8. Closet 9. Washing Room 10. Closet 11. Bathroom 12. Pool 13. Patio 14. Fire Pit

11

4

Wind Water Run-off

High sun angles in the summer allow light to penetrate into the family room (7) in the morning. The office (4) as usual, gets the most sunlight overall, with additional sunlight coming through the skylights on the ceiling. The kitchen (2) and the dining room (5) get light from the sunset.

Outdoor spaces. including the patio (13) and fire pit (14), get sun throughout the day, except for the morning when the 12’ trees planted along the eastern edge of the property cast their shadows onto the ground. The pool (12) receives valuable sunlight in the morning and late afternoon, which heats up the water, saving some energy for the electric water-heater. The backyard gets some cool summer brreezes from the northeast while the house blocks the strong winds from the south.

Summer Wind Rose

Summer Sun Chart

5

Environmental Redesign

6

The house could benefit greatly from ceiling fans which can make it seem cooler by at least 5째F. This is one of the more comfortable climates, so open living spaces to breezes in summer, and expand and add windows along the southern facade to increase passive solar gain in winter. The existing tile, hardwood flooring, and stone fireplace are perfect for storing winter daytime solar gain and summer nightime coolth. Adding window overhangs or operable sunshades will prevent overheating during the summer and reduce the need for air conditioning. Increasing direct sunlight in the winter and limiting it the summer is crucial. The square footage should also be decreased, as there are only 2 permanent residences in a large house.

Climate Design Priorities Desired Orientation

CLIMATE & ARCHITECTURE

WINTER

SUMMER

EARTH

SKY

WIND SUN R.H. TEMP

FLOODS

HURRICANES

WIND SUN R.H. TEMP

4 3 ASSETS

5

2

6

1

LIABILITIES

Basis of Passive Heating & Cooling

QUAKES

Basis of Energy Conservation

Environmental Priorities

Increasing the natural light in the more commonly used spaces will increase solar heat gain and reduce heating costs.

This may not be feasible for rooms on the northern side but by reorganizing room assignments, living spaces can be moved to the southern side.

In this climate, the winter temperatures are the biggest liability, with summer temperatures coming second as cooling costs are currently cheaper than heating costs. The sun can be used to great advantage in the winter as can the wind during the summer.

7

Before & After Floor Plan First Floor

BREAK- FAMILY DINING FAST ROOM ROOM ROOM CLO W/D ROOM

BREAK- FAMILY DINING FAST ROOM ROOM ROOM LIVING ROOM

KITCHEN ENTRY CLO

BR

OFFICE

BREAKFAST KITCHEN ROOM FAMILY ROOM

After

DINING ROOM

LIVING ROOM

ENTRY CLO

Winter

CLO

BR

OFFICE

Summer

Before

CLOW/D ROOM

LIVING ROOM

ENTRY

Winter

DINING ROOM

W/D CLO ROOM KITCHEN

BR

CLOW/D ROOM

BREAKFAST KITCHEN ROOM FAMILY ROOM

ENTRY CLO

OFFICE

LIVING ROOM BR

OFFICE

Summer 1/16” = 1’

By switching the Family Room and Kitchen, a significantly greater amount of direct sunlight is let into the most commonly used space of the house. Sunshades provide protection during summer months. The Kitchen becomes larger, allowing more space for cook-

8

ing and could even be used as more of a common living space. It still retains equal if not slightly superior access to the dining spaces as well as the outdoor patio, where meals are often served in the summertime.

Expanding the window of the existing Kitchen improves solar heat gain and reduces heating costs. Also, by trimming and moving the bushes to the south of the office, more direct sun in allowed in and the many plants that are in the sunroom would flourish.

Before & After Floor Plan

Second Floor

CLO

BR

BEDROOM 1

CLO

GUEST BEDROOM

BR

BEDROOM 1

GUEST BEDROOM BEDROOM 2

CLO CLO

BEDROOM 2

MASTER BEDROOM

CLO

BR

Winter

BR

BEDROOM 1

CLO

GUEST

CLO

CLO

BR

After

BR

BR

BEDROOM 1

GUEST

BEDROOM

Winter

MASTER BEDROOM

Summer

Before

CLO

CLO

MASTER BEDROOM

CLO

BEDROOM CLO

CLO

CLO

MASTER BEDROOM

BR

CLO

CLO

Summer 1/16” = 1’

Reducing the total square footage of the heated portion of the house was also a priority, as the large size raises heating costs considerably. There are currently only two permanent residence in the house, and 4 Bedrooms is unnecessary. Reducing the size of Bedroom 2 and combinging it with the Guest Bedroom removes a large portion of heated space that was unused for most of the year and allows more relatives to spend the night.

Increasing the size of the Guest Bedroom window allows much more direct sunlight in the winter and sun shades reduce solar gain in the summer. Similar action was taken with the Master Bedroom window. The skylights above the Office are detrimental as they only recieve direct sun in the summer, and so they were removed.

9

Before & After Axon Terraced backyard shed water to the trench

Primary living spaces on the north side do not recieve much sunlight

Tall trees provide privacy and shade for outdoor spaces

Skylights only recieve summer sunlight due to the angle

Small windows do not allow much sunlight in the winter

Large trees and bushes block winter sunlight from warming the house

Sloped driveway causes basement to flood during heavy rains

Before Terraced backyard shed water to the trench

Sunshades block summer sun from heating spaces

Sloped grass sheds water to the street

Pergola provides shade and rain protection over fire pit

Skylights removed

Expanded windows allow more sunlight in winter

Sloped driveway causes basement to flood during heavy rains

After 10

Moving and removing trees allows sunlight into first floor spaces

Sloped grass sheds water to the street

Solar Window The addition of a pergola to the outdoor patio would provide relief in the summer from the hot sun. The stone tiled ground heats up a lot and can be discomforting to walk on after swimming. The pergola would be able to provide screened shading in the summer and as the vines die off in the winter, would allow sunlight through.

11

Heat Loss Calculations

It is neccessary to calculate how much heat is being lost and where the loss is occuring along the building envelope. By analyzing wall, floor, roof, window, and door details, we can calculate the resistance value and heat loss coefficient of each assembly. With these calculations, annual heat loss can be derived. This data will later be used to prioritize retrofitting options and create savings schedules.

12

Heated Spaces Plans & Sections A

2 W

2 W

1 R 1 F

2 W

1 W 2 W

3 W 2 F 2 W

2 W

2 W

3 F

4 F

1 W

B

First Floor

Section A

2 W

3 W

2 W

3 W

1 R

1 W

3 W

2 F 2 W

3 W

5 F 1 W

Second Floor

1 F

1 R

Section B 1/16� = 1’

The first and second floor of the house are heated, and the basement and attic are unheated. Walls are made mostly of brick and concrete masonry units with some of the upper parts paneled with wood. The walls have no insulation and rely on their thickness to reduce heat loss, which is highly ineffective.

13

Wall Sections 1W

14

Exterior Air Film

0.17

Brick

0.80

1/2” Air Space

1.00

Concrete Masonry Unit

0.80

1/2” Gypsum Wall Board

0.45

Interior Air Film

0.68

Total R of Assembly

3.90

Total U of Assembly

0.26

Exterior Air Film

0.17

1” Plywood Sheathing

1.25

Brick

0.80

1/2” Air Space

1.00

Concrete Masonry Unit

0.80

1/2” Gypsum Wall Board

0.45

Interior Air Film

0.68

Total R of Assembly

5.15

Total U of Assembly

0.19

2W

Wall Sections 3W Exterior Air Film

0.17

Wood Siding

0.97

Brick

0.80

1/2” Air Space

1.00

Concrete Masonry Unit

0.80

1/2” Gypsum Wall Board

0.45

Interior Air Film

0.68

Total R of Assembly

4.87

Total U of Assembly

0.21

15

Floor Sections 1F RStud

16

RCavity

Exterior Air Film

0.17

0.17

1/2” Plywood Sheathing

1.25

1.25

2x8” Wood Joist 16”OC

9.36

--

1/2” Gypsum Wall Board

0.45

0.45

Interior Air Film

0.68

0.68

Total R of Assembly

11.91

2.55

Total U of Assembly

0.08

0.39

Average R of Assembly

4.89

Average U of Assembly

0.20

2F

RCavity

RStud Interior Air Film

0.68

0.68

Carpet with Rubber Pad

1.23

1.23

1/2” Plywood Sheathing

1.25

1.25

2x8” Wood Joist 16”OC

9.36

--

1/2” Gypsum Wall Board

0.45

0.45

Interior Air Film

0.68

0.68

Total R of Assembly

13.14

3.78

Total U of Assembly

0.08

0.26

Average R of Assembly

6.12

Average U of Assembly

0.16

0.18

Average U of Assembly

Floor Sections 3F RStud

RCavity

Interior Air Film

0.68

0.68

Tile Flooring

0.05

0.05

1/2” Plywood Sheathing

1.25

1.25

2x8” Wood Joist 16”OC

9.36

--

1/2” Gypsum Wall Board

0.45

0.45

Exterior Air Film

0.17

0.17

Total R of Assembly

11.97

2.61

Total U of Assembly

0.08

0.38

Average R of Assembly

4.95

Average U of Assembly

0.20

4F

RStud

RCavity

Interior Air Film

0.68

0.68

Carpet with Rubber Pad

1.23

1.23

1/2” Plywood Sheathing

1.25

1.25

2x8” Wood Joist 16”OC

9.36

--

1/2” Gypsum Wall Board

0.45

0.45

Exterior Air Film

0.17

0.17

Total R of Assembly

13.14

3.78

Total U of Assembly

0.08

0.26

Average R of Assembly

4.23

Average U of Assembly

0.24

17

Roof Section 1R RStud

18

RCavity

Exterior Air Film

0.17

0.17

Asphalt Shingles

0.44

0.44

1/2” Plywood Sheathing

0.62

0.62

2x8” Wood Joist 16”OC

9.36

--

1/2” Gypsum Wall Board

0.45

0.45

Interior Air Film

0.68

0.68

Total R of Assembly

11.72

2.36

Total U of Assembly

0.09

0.42

Average R of Assembly

4.70

Average U of Assembly

0.21

Table A Simplified Calculation of Building Heat Loss Cofficient

Peak and Annual Load Detail #

U-Value (Btu/hrft2)

Total Area(ft2)

Heat Loss Coefficient (UA=Btu/hr°F)

1W

0.26

697.48

181.34

2W

0.19

1563.09

296.99

3W

0.21

478.26

100.43

Window

1Win

1.05

548.68

576.11

Door

1D

0.27

44.65

12.06

Roof

1R

0.21

2120.72

445.35

1F

0.20

557.90

111.58

2F

0.16

1211.31

193.81

3F

0.20

387.14

77.43

4F

0.18

729.37

131.29

5F

0.24

206.22

49.49

Type

Wall

Floor

INFILTRATION (heated volume of the building x number of air changes x the heat capacity of air .018 Btu ft3°F) #A.C. x .018 x volume cu.ft. = heat loss coefficient 1.2 x .018 x 26180.25

=

565.49 2,741.37

Total Heat Loss Coefficient (total UA) Btu/hr°F HEAT LOSS SOURCE Transmission Losses: Walls

PEAK HEAT LOSS (BTUh) 123,361.65 AN. HEAT LOSS (MMBTU) 248.30 Building Energy Performance (kWh/m2) 257.84

100% %

UA HEAT LOSS Btu/hr/°F 578.77

21.1

Windows

576.11

21.0

Doors

12.06

0.4

Roofs

445.35

16.2

Floors Infiltration Losses

563.60

20.6

565.49

20.6

= total UA 2,741.37

x

Design indoor (°F) 65

-

Design outdoor (°F) 20

= total UA 2,741.37

x 24 hrs 24

x annual degree days 3774

Annual Loss/sq.ft heated

= BEPS BTU/sqft

x .00315 US/metric

81,852

v x .00315

314.29/2618

19

Energy Load Calculations Heating Hot Water Appliances Lighting Cooling

0

20

40

60

80

100

This section describes the calculation of total home energy loads. They are broken up my energy use, including heating, cooling, domestic hot water, lighting, appliances, and automobiles. Though the use of various formulas, the largest costs associated with the energy load are identified. This section also compares calculated estimates with actual oil, water, and electricity bills to verify heat loss calculations were correct and help in supporting the cost of retrofits. For totality’s sake, calculations will be done as if the house was occupied throughout the year, instead of during summers and weekends as it is currently used.

20

HEATING Heating: Building Load Coefficient 1. UA total for house (BTU/h oF) 2,741.37 x 24 = 65,792.88 building load coefficient (BTU/day oF) (could vary per month if storm windows, night insulation, or zoning is used) 2. DD base 65oF. Look up monthly DD at that base or calculate (new DD base– ave temp/month) x days month Heating fuel type 1 oil (choose: gas, oil, electric, other) 3B. heating system efficiency 85% 4. $ 5946.78/ 221.59 mmbtu = 26.83 (convert from $ ___________/kwh if needed) (total mmbtu from the bills divided by the $ charged), note total costs in 4. may be less than bills if gas is used for DHW, cooking and drying (add all of those columns = bill).

10ccf gas = mcf = mmbtu use these values to

gal oil = 140,000 BTU = .14mmbtu understand your bills

cord of wood = 20 mmbtu 6

1 kWh = 3413 btu (mmbtu = btu x 10 ) 1.

BLC = 24 UA/ DD

2. mo, HDD (base 65o)

3.

Htg. Load BTU x 106 (1. X 2.)

divide by sys. effic. (eg. .85 = 85%)

3B. Htg. System Demand (BTU x 106)

Total Heating Cost

4. cost/ mmbtu

Jan

65,792.88

x

806

=

53.03

/.85

62.39

x

26.83

=

1673.85

Feb

65,792.88

x

786

=

51.71

/.85

60.84

x

26.83

=

1632.31

Mar

65,792.88

x

645

=

42.44

/.85

49.93

x

26.83

=

1339.49

Apr

65,792.88

x

264

=

17.37

/.85

20.43

x

26.83

=

548.26

May

65,792.88

x

95

=

6.25

/.85

7.35

x

26.83

=

197.29

June

65,792.88

x

11

=

0.72

/.85

0.85

x

26.83

=

22.84

July

65,792.88

x

0

=

0

/.85

0

x

26.83

=

0

Aug

65,792.88

x

0

=

0

/.85

0

x

26.83

=

0

Sept

65,792.88

x

12

=

0.79

/.85

0.93

x

26.83

=

24.92

Oct

65,792.88

x

213

=

14.01

/.85

16.49

x

26.83

=

442.34

Nov

65,792.88

x

342

=

22.50

/.85

26.47

x

26.83

=

710.24

Dec

65,792.88

x

600

=

39.48

/.85

46.44

x

26.83

=

1246.04

3774 Total HDD

248.30 Heating Load (mmbtu)

292.12 System Demand

7,837.59

(mmbtu)

Heating Cost $

your heating bills will include system inefficiency 221.59 x 10 btu / 2,618 ft = 84,639 btu/ft What is the Btu/ SqFt? __________________

btu/sqft 221.59 x 106 btu / (2,618 ft2 x 4777 hdd) = 17 btu/ft2-hdd What is the Btu/ SqFt-HDD heating value? __________________

btu/sqft-hdd Check the box according to your heating value 6

Where Your Energy Dollar Goes: 7.2% Lighting & Appliances

Heating Hot Water Appliances Lighting Cooling 0

20

40

38.3% Heating Water

2

2

Passive house = 1 watt house (per sqmeter and hdd metric) = 0.8 Btu/sqft/hdd Best new homes: 2 Btu/SqFt-HDD

54.5% Heating & Cooling 60

80

100

ENERGY STAR® homes: 5 Btu/SqFt-HDD low usage existing homes: 7 Btu/SqFt-HDD medium usage existing homes: 11 Btu/ SqFt-HDD high usage existing homes: 15 Btu/ SqFt-HDD

21

DOMESTIC HOT WATER

(DHW)

General Information Gallons of hot water 1,973/month (can be variable) (activity chart) DHW Fuel type gas (gas, electric, other) if Electric: if Gas: 5. mmbtu/mo = 1.973 = gallons x .001 mmbtu/gallon (convert to mmbtu) 5. kwh/mo= gallons x .2 kwh/gallons 6. cost/kwh = $________. (convert to cost/mmbtu) 6. cost/mmbtu= $26.83

(1 kwh = 3413 btu, mmbtu = btu x 106)

(mmbtu/mo = (kwh x 3413 btu/kwh)/106 5.

DHW Load BTU x 106

x $/ mmbtu

Total Domestic Hot Water Cost

Jan

1.973

x 26.83

52.94

Feb

1.973

x 26.83

52.94

Mar

1.973

x 26.83

52.94

Apr

1.973

x 26.83

52.94

May

1.973

x 26.83

52.94

June

1.973

x 26.83

52.94

July

1.973

x 26.83

52.94

Aug

1.973

x 26.83

52.94

Sept

1.973

x 26.83

52.94

Oct

1.973

x 26.83

52.94

Nov

1.973

x 26.83

52.94

Dec

1.973

x 26.83

52.94

Total

23.68 DHW load

Activity

Gallons per use

Clothes Washing

32

x

5

=

160

Showering

20

x

70

=

1400

Bathing

20

x

1

=

20

Automatic Dishwashing

12

x

12

=

144

Preparing Food

5

x

45

=

225

Hand Dishwashing

4

x

6

=

24

635.23 DHW cost

# of times per month

total

1,973

US average DHW use: totals 1 person = 35 gallons/day Family 4 = 75-90 gallons/day Family 6 = 105-121 gallons/day Average household = 65 gallons/day Average Africa Family = 5 gallons/day

22

COOLING General Information 7. Monthly CDD or cooling hours/month (variable by month) Equipment SEER rating 9.5 BTU/wh Unit Capacity 10,000 BTUh (note: 1 ton = 12,000 BTU/hrs) (if window units add all together) 8. Monthly cooling system demand in kwh/CDD 1.05 = unit capacity in BTU/hr divided by

(SEER in BTU/wh x 1000 wh/kwh) 9. Electricity cost $ 0.189/kwh 7.

Monthly CH or CDD

8.

Cooling System Demand factor (kwh/CDD)

Monthly Cooling System Demand (kwh)

9.

Electricity cost per kwh

Total Cooling Cost per month

Jan

0

x

1.05

=

0

x 0.189

=

0

Feb

0

x

1.05

=

0

x 0.189

=

0

Mar

0

x

1.05

=

0

x 0.189

=

0

Apr

13

x

1.05

=

13.65

x 0.189

=

2.58

May

124

x

1.05

=

130.20

x 0.189

=

24.61

June

337

x

1.05

=

353.85

x 0.189

=

66.88

July

557

x

1.05

=

584.85

x 0.189

=

110.54

Aug

428

x

1.05

=

449.40

x 0.189

=

84.94

Sept

232

x

1.05

=

243.60

x 0.189

=

46.04

Oct

21

x

1.05

=

22.05

x 0.189

=

4.17

Nov

0

x

1.05

=

0

x 0.189

=

0

Dec

0

x

1.05

=

0

x 0.189

=

0

1797.60 Total Cooling Load

339.76 Total Cooling Cost

23

LIGHTING Lighting energy use Quantity in the House Incandescent Lights

Average Lamp Wattage (w)

Average Hours On per Month (h/mo)

55

x

60

x

100

=

330,000

Compact Fluorescent (CFL)

_________

x

_________

x

_________

=

_________

Fluorescent Lights

_________

x

_________

x

_________

=

_________

Halogen Lights

_________

x

_________

x

_________

=

_________

Other

_________

x

_________

x

_________

=

_________

_________

x

_________

x

_________

=

_________

=

330,000

*(With dimmers reduce the lamp wattage)

10. (total wh/mo)/1000 = 330 total kwh/mo 11. Electricity cost $ 0.189 /kwh 10.

Monthly Lighting Load KWh

Monthly Lighting Cost

11.

Electricity cost $/kwh

Jan

330

x

0.189

=

62.37

Feb

330

x

0.189

=

62.37

Mar

330

x

0.189

=

62.37

Apr

330

x

0.189

=

62.37

May

330

x

0.189

=

62.37

June

330

x

0.189

=

62.37

July

330

x

0.189

=

62.37

Aug

330

x

0.189

=

62.37

Sept

330

x

0.189

=

62.37

Oct

330

x

0.189

=

62.37

Nov

330

x

0.189

=

62.37

Dec

330

x

0.189

=

62.37

3,960 Lighting Load

24

Total (wh/mo)

748.44 Total Lighting Cost

APPLIANCES Appliance energy use quantity in house

average wattage in use

average hours on/mo

Total (wh/mo)

Refrigerator/Freezer

1

x

650

x

180

=

117,000

Dryer

1

x

5,000

x

10

=

50,000

Washer

1

x

500

x

10

=

5,000

Oven/Stove

1

x

3,500

x

10

=

35,000

Computer

1

x

200

x

200

=

40,000

_________

x

_________

x

_________

=

_________

Entertainment Center

2

x

240

x

150

=

72,000

Other (small appliances)

20

x

200

x

15

=

60,000

Other (large, eg. spa)

1

x

5,000

x

20

=

100,000

total

=

479,000 wh/mo

12. divide 1000

=

479 kwh/mo

Copier

12. (total wh/mo)/1000 = 479 total kwh/mo 13. Electricity cost $ 0.189 /kwh 12.

Monthly Appliance Load (KWh)

Monthly Appiance Cost

13 Electricity cost $/kwh

Jan

479

x

0.189

=

90.53

Feb

479

x

0.189

=

90.53

Mar

479

x

0.189

=

90.53

Apr

479

x

0.189

=

90.53

May

479

x

0.189

=

90.53

June

479

x

0.189

=

90.53

July

479

x

0.189

=

90.53

Aug

479

x

0.189

=

90.53

Sept

479

x

0.189

=

90.53

Oct

479

x

0.189

=

90.53

Nov

479

x

0.189

=

90.53

Dec

479

x

0.189

=

90.53

5,748 Appliance Load

1,086.37 Total Appliance Cost

25

CARS Auto energy use Car 1 15,000 miles/year / 28 mpg = 535.71 gallons X 0.125 mmbtu/gallon = 66.96 mmbtu Car 2 6,000 miles/year / 22 mpg = 272.73 gallons X 0.125 mmbtu/gallon = 34.09 mmbtu Car 3 300 miles/year / 10 mpg = 30 gallons X 0.125 mmbtu/gallon = 3.75 mmbtu 838.44 Total gallons 104.80 Total mmbtu

14. Total mmbtu 104.80 / 12 months = 8.73 15. Average $/gallon 3.66 / 0.125 mmbtu/gallon = 29.28 $/mmbtu

14.

Monthly Cars MMBTU Jan

8.73

x

29.28

=

255.61

Feb

8.73

x

29.28

=

255.61

Mar

8.73

x

29.28

=

255.61

Apr

8.73

x

29.28

=

255.61

May

8.73

x

29.28

=

255.61

June

8.73

x

29.28

=

255.61

July

8.73

x

29.28

=

255.61

Aug

8.73

x

29.28

=

255.61

Sept

8.73

x

29.28

=

255.61

Oct

8.73

x

29.28

=

255.61

Nov

8.73

x

29.28

=

255.61

Dec

8.73

x

29.28

=

255.61

104.76 Car Load

26

v

15. $/mmbtu

3,067.37 Total Car Cost

TOTAL MONTHLY ENERGY USE (EXCLUDING CARS) GAS

$ Heating

$ Domestic Hot Water*

Jan

1,673.85

52.94

Jan

1303.03

Feb

1,632.21

52.94

Feb

1170.57

Mar

1,339.49

52.94

Mar

620.635

Apr

628.84

$ Appliance*

Actual Gas Bills

Estimated Total $ Gas

Apr

548.26

52.94

May

197.29

52.94

May

471.64 134.32

June

22.84

52.94

June

July

0

52.94

July

134.32 132.32

Aug

0

52.94

Aug

Sept

24.92

52.94

Sept

183.75 183.75

Oct

442.34

52.94

Oct

Nov

710.24

52.94

Nov

183.75 797.86 5946.78

Dec

1246.04

52.94

Dec

Total

7,837.59 *

635.23 *

Total

GAS

These should * Estimated Gas Annual Total 8,472.82 match

* If applicable

Actual Gas Annual Total 5,946.78

* Gas heating estimates are off because the house is primarily used as a summer/weekend home and goes unheated for many days in winter months due to the high cost of heating the house. Estimates show heating costs if the home was occupied throughout the year.

ELECTRIC

$ Cooling

Jan

0

$ Domestic Hot Water*

Actual Electric Bills

$ Lighting

$ Appliance

$ Estimated Total

62.37

90.53

Jan

195.34 109.65

0

62.37

90.53

Feb

Mar

0

62.37

90.53

Mar

107.80

Apr

2.58

62.37

90.53

Apr

109.73

Feb

May

24.61

62.37

90.53

May

97.55

June

66.88

62.37

90.53

June

284.66

July

110.54

62.37

90.53

July

473.15

Aug

84.94

62.37

90.53

Aug

325.41

Sept

46.04

62.37

90.53

Sept

216.64

Oct

4.17

62.37

90.53

Oct

96.64

Nov

0

62.37

90.53

Nov

123.28

Dec

0

62.37

90.53

Dec

115.72

Total

339.76

748.44

1086.37

Total

2,255.57

ELECTRIC

These should Estimated Electricity Annual Total 2,174.57 Actual Electricity Annual Total 2,255.57 match

* If applicable

How does your house compare to US and International energy standards?

Heating Annual Kwh in mmbtu equivalent

Cooling

6.13

Annual mmbtu

292.12

Percentage of Total Energy (%)

82.51%

Lighting

Domestic Hot Water

13.50

Appliance

19.60 23.68

Totals 39.23

Annual BTU/ft2

`

460.37/2618 = .176 BTU/Ft2 87,500

314.80

70,000 42,500

1.73%

3.81%

6.69%

5.54%

100%

35,000 17,500

27

28

29

30

Energy Saving Retrofit

This section reccomends eight retrofits for the current house design.

They are broken down by initial cost, installation, savings, and time till payback. The retrofits include floor insulation, night insulation, reduction of infiltration, window upgrades, cold water laundry, low flow shower heads, set back thermostat, caulk & weatherstripping, airlocks, pocket doors, cellular shades. These have been prioritized by based on amount saved, cost, and feasibility. Additionally a summary of all the retrofits is included to show the savings if all the retrofits were done together.

31

Caulking and Weatherstripping Decreases Infiltration Losses Caulk:

Around Exterior Doors, Windows, and Brick to Roof Connections Weatherstripping:

Interior of Windows and Exterior of Door Sweeps Products:

Calculations: DuPont 7901 Door, Window and Siding 10.1-Ounce Clear Caulk, 4-Pack Approx 48’ per tube $21.99 per 4-pack

Thermwell 3/8’X1/8’X17’wthr Strip V23wa Weatherstrip Foam Felt & Vinyl 17’ per tube $3.52

Type Number Length (ft) Small Window 7 62.58 Normal Window 16 232.557 Large Window 5 156.25 Door 2 41.148 Total 30 492.535 Both Sides 60 985.07

Cost and Payback: Costs 5 4-packs Caulk = $109.65 29 packs Weatherstripping = $108.08 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $217.74 Savings: 20% Inf. Savings = 113.10 Btu/hr°F 113.10 x 4777hdd x 24hrs = 12.97 mmbtu 12.97 x $26.83/mmbtu = Annual Savings = $347.99 Payback $217.74/$347.99 = 0.63 Payback = 7.5 months

32

Window Night Insulation Decreases Heat Loss through Windows Warm Window Shades:

Hang on north and west facing Windows to prevent heat loss overnight

Products:

Calculations: 12 windows facing north or west Total Area = 154.27 ft2 New U Values: .95+7.69= 8.64R = 0.12U 0.12U x 154.27 = 18.51 Btu/hr°F

Cost and Payback: Warm Window Insulation System 45” Width R-value: 7.69 Lining with fabric protector High density needled holo fibers Reflective polyethylene moisture vapor barrier Metallized mylar with air-trapping fibers

Costs 12 Warm Window Shades = $222.00 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $222.00 Savings: Total Window UA = 575.11 Btu/hr°F New Total Window UA = 432.64 Btu/hr°F UA Saved = 142.47 Btu/hr°F 142.47 x $26.83/mmbtu = Annual Savings = $3,822.47 Payback $222.00/$3,822.47 = 0.06 Payback = 1 Month

$18.50

33

Floor Insulation Decreases Heat Loss through Floors R30 Insulation:

Install into Basement Ceiling and Attic Floor

Products:

Calculations: Attic Floor

RStud

Owens Corning 15”x48”x9.5” R30 Kraft Batts in Bags 50.67 ft2 R30 Kraft Face 11 batts per package $44.99

Basement Ceiling

RCavity

0.17 0.17 1.25 1.25 9.36 30.00 0.45 0.45 0.68 0.68 11.91 32.55 3F 4F 5F

RStud 0.68 1.25 9.36 0.45 0.17 11.91 +0.05 +0.68 +1.23

RCavity New U Values: 0.68 1.25 30.00 0.45 0.17 32.55 +0.05 +0.68 +1.23

1F = 3F= 4F = 5F =

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03

Cost and Payback: Costs 37 R30 Insulation Bags = $1,664.63 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $1,664.63 Savings: Total Floor UA = 563.60 Btu/hr°F New Total Floor UA = 266.97 Btu/hr°F UA Saved = 296.63 Btu/hr°F 296.63 x $26.83/mmbtu = Annual Savings = $7,958.58 Payback $1,664.63/$7,958.58 = 0.21 Payback = 3 Months

34

House Zoning Decreases Total Square-Footage Heated at 65ยบF Zoning:

Install curtains or close doors in front of areas of the house that are

largely unused. Curtains needed in front of Office, Dining Room, and second floor Hallway

Products:

Calculations: sqft heated at 65ยบ = 1,579.30 (60%) sqft heated at 55ยบ = 1,038.70 (40%) Total HDD at 65ยบF = 3774 Total HDD at 55ยบF = 2264 Toal HDD with Zoning : 3774 x .60 + 2264 x .40 = 3170 HDD

Thermal Backed Tuscan Blackout Curtain Panel Pair Treatments are designed with energy-efficient Thermatic lining Each panel is 52 inches wide $40.99 per pair

Cost and Payback: Costs 2 pairs of Thermal Curtains = $81.98 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $81.98 Savings: (BLCxHDD/system efficiency)($/mmbtu) (65,792.88 x 3774/.85)(26.83) = 7,837.59 (65,792.88 x 3170/.85)(26.83) = 6,583.24 Annual Savings = $1,254.35 Payback $81.98/$1,254.35 = 0.07 Payback = 1 Month

35

Smart Power Strip Decreases Appliance Energy Usage When Not In Use Belkin Conserve Smart:

Plug strip into wall outlet and plug TV into green master outlet

and DVD player, VCR, recievers, speakers, and any other periph erals into the rest of the outlets

Products:

Calculations: 2 rooms with TV’s = 2 Smart Power Strips

Belkin Conserve Smart AV Energy Saving Power Strip Home electronics consume energy even when they’re turned off. Leaving home entertainment system peripheral devices on when not in use can add up to an average cost of $75 a year.* The Smart AV helps you reduce these costs by cutting down on wasted power. $28.57

Cost and Payback: Costs 2 Smart Power Strips = $57.14 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $57.14

Savings: Existing Appliance Load = 5,748 KWh New Appliance Load = 4,836 KWh Appliance Load Saved = 912 KWh 912 KWh x $0.189/KWh = $172.37 Annual Savings = $172.37 Payback $57.14/$172.37 = 0.33 Payback = 4 Months

36

Solar Pool Heater Decreases Appliance Energy Usage due to Pool Heating Solar Panels:

Install solar panels according to product manual and hook up to

pool heating system

Products:

Calculations: Pool surface area: 498 ft2 Required sqft of solar panels = 450 ft2 Number of 4’ x 12’ panels needed = 9

Solar Pool Heater VORTEX 4x12 Panels Standard System Kit Solar Pool Heaters are the most effective, best value and best environmental choice for heating your pool no matter what climate your pool is in.

Solar Pool Heater Benefits: • Can extend swimming season • up to 12 months depending on • location* • Ave. temp. rise up to 15-20º • Have no operating costs • No pollution, no fuel needed • Usually last 20+ years • Have a 10 Year warranty • Quick and easy installation • Minimal maintenance required $412.00 per panel

Cost and Payback: Costs 9 Panel Kit = $1,664.00 Shipment Surcharge: = $85.00 Shipping = $95.00 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $2,256.00

Savings: Existing Appliance Load = 5,748 KWh New Appliance Load = 4,548 KWh Appliance Load Saved = 1,200 KWh 1,200 KWh x $0.189/KWh = $172.37 Annual Savings = $226.80 Payback $2,256.00/$226.80 = 0.33 Payback = 10 Years

37

Compact Flourescent Lights Decreases Lighting Loads by Decreasing Wattage of Bulbs CFL’s:

Unscrew existing Incandescent Bulbs and replace with new Compact

Flourescent Bulbs

Products:

Calculations: 55 existing incandescent lights 55 compact flourescent bulbs needed 8 per pack x 7 packs = 56 bulbs

GE 13-Watt Energy SmartTM - 8 Pack - 60 watt replacement Replace your 60 watt bulbs with these energy efficient 13 watt bulbs that last 5 years per bulb.

Small compact size. Easy open store pack.

Electronic flicker-free starting.

1 CFL bulb lasts as long as 8 incandescent bulbs.

Light output - 825 lumens. Energy used - 13 watts. Life - 8000 hours. $8.74 per 8-pack

38

Cost and Payback: Costs 7 8-packs of CFLs = $61.18 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $61.18

Savings: Existing Lighting Load = 3,960 KWh New Lighting Load = 858 KWh Lighting Load Saved = 3,102 KWh 3,102 KWh x $0.189/KWh = $586.28 Annual Savings = $586.28 Payback $61.18/$586.28 = 0.05 Payback = 1/2 Month

Dimmer Switches Decreases Lighting Loads by Decreasing Avg. Wattage 3-Way Dimmer:

Unscrew existing light switch housing and replace with new dimmer switch

Products:

Calculations: 55 existing incandescent lights 45 bulbs in 11 rooms could be controlled by dimmer Excludes bathrooms, closets, basement 45 x 30W x 100 + 10 x 60W x 100 = 1,950 KWh

MorrisProducts Slide 3-Way Dimmer with Switch in White MPQ3983: Features: -Slide 3-way dimmer with switch. -Color: White. -On / off switch. -Wall plate included. -Fits standard wall box. -Suppresses radio frequency interference (RFI).

-Decorator style permits ganging with other decorative devices. -Wire leads provide for fast and easy assembly and wiring. -UL listed.

Specifications: -Wattage: 700 Watt. -Case quantity: 10. Weight:1 lbs $22.99

Cost and Payback: Costs 11 Dimmer Switches = $252.89 Self-Install Labor = $0.00 Total Cost = $252.89

Savings: Existing Lighting Load = 3,960 KWh New Lighting Load = 1,950 KWh Lighting Load Saved = 2,010 KWh 2,010 KWh x $0.189/KWh = $379.89 Annual Savings = $379.89 Payback $252.89/$379.89 = 0.67 Payback = 8 Months

39

Table A With Retrofits Simplified Calculation of Building Heat Loss Cofficient

Peak and Annual Load

Detail #

U-Value (Btu/hrft2)

Total Area(ft2)

Heat Loss Coefficient (UA=Btu/hr°F)

1W

0.26

697.48

181.34

2W

0.19

1563.09

296.99

3W

0.21

478.26

100.43

1Win

1.05

394.41

414.13

1Win+Shade

0.12

154.27

18.51

Door

1D

0.27

44.65

12.06

Roof

1R

0.21

2120.72

445.35

1F

0.04

557.90

22.32

2F

0.16

1211.31

193.81

3F

0.04

387.14

15.49

4F

0.04

729.37

29.17

5F

0.03

206.22

6.19

Type

Wall Window

Floor

INFILTRATION (heated volume of the building x number of air changes x the heat capacity of air .018 Btu ft3°F) #A.C. x .018 x volume cu.ft. = heat loss coefficient 1.0 x .018 x 26180.25

=

452.39 2,188.18

Total Heat Loss Coefficient (total UA) Btu/hr°F HEAT LOSS SOURCE Transmission Losses: Walls

PEAK HEAT LOSS (BTUh) 123,361.65 AN. HEAT LOSS (MMBTU) 248.30 Building Energy Performance (kWh/m2) 257.84

40

100% %

UA HEAT LOSS Btu/hr/°F 578.77

26.4

Windows

432.64

19.8

Doors

12.06

0.6

Roofs

445.35

20.4

Floors Infiltration Losses

266.97

12.2

452.39

20.7

= total UA 2,741.37

x

Design indoor (°F) 65

-

Design outdoor (°F) 20

= total UA 2,741.37

x 24 hrs 24

x annual degree days 3774

Annual Loss/sq.ft heated

= BEPS BTU/sqft

x .00315 US/metric

81,852

v x .00315

314.29/2618

HEATING WITH RETROFITS Heating: Building Load Coefficient 1. UA total for house (BTU/h oF) 2,188.18 x 24 = 52,516.32 building load coefficient (BTU/day oF) (could vary per month if storm windows, night insulation, or zoning is used) 2. DD base 60oF. Look up monthly DD at that base or calculate (new DD base– ave temp/month) x days month Heating fuel type 1 oil (choose: gas, oil, electric, other) 3B. heating system efficiency 85% 4. $ 5946.78/ 221.59 mmbtu = 26.83 (convert from $ ___________/kwh if needed) (total mmbtu from the bills divided by the $ charged), note total costs in 4. may be less than bills if gas is used for DHW, cooking and drying (add all of those columns = bill).

10ccf gas = mcf = mmbtu use these values to

gal oil = 140,000 BTU = .14mmbtu understand your bills

cord of wood = 20 mmbtu 6

1 kWh = 3413 btu (mmbtu = btu x 10 ) 1.

BLC = 24 UA/ DD

2. mo, HDD (base 60o)

3.

Htg. Load BTU x 106 (1. X 2.)

divide by sys. effic. (eg. .85 = 85%)

3B. Htg. System Demand (BTU x 106)

Total Heating Cost

4. cost/ mmbtu

Jan

65,792.88

x

723

=

37.97

/.85

44.67

x

26.83

=

1,198.5

Feb

65,792.88

x

681

=

35.76

/.85

42.07

x

26.83

=

1,128.74

Mar

65,792.88

x

487

=

25.58

/.85

30.09

x

26.83

=

807.31

Apr

65,792.88

x

212

=

11.13

/.85

13.09

x

26.83

=

351.20

May

65,792.88

x

54

=

2.84

/.85

3.34

x

26.83

=

89.61

June

65,792.88

x

3

=

0.16

/.85

0.19

x

26.83

=

5.10

July

65,792.88

x

0

=

0

/.85

0

x

26.83

=

0

Aug

65,792.88

x

0

=

0

/.85

0

x

26.83

=

0

Sept

65,792.88

x

4

=

0.21

/.85

0.25

x

26.83

=

6.71

Oct

65,792.88

x

145

=

7.61

/.85

8.95

x

26.83

=

240.13

Nov

65,792.88

x

301

=

15.81

/.85

18.60

x

26.83

=

499.04

Dec

65,792.88

x

560

=

29.41

/.85

34.60

x

26.83

=

928.32

3,170 Total HDD

166.48 Heating Load (mmbtu)

195.86 System Demand

5,254.92

(mmbtu)

Heating Cost $

your heating bills will include system inefficiency 195.86 x 10 btu / 2,618 ft = 74,812.83 btu/ft What is the Btu/ SqFt? __________________

btu/sqft 195.86 x 106 btu / (2,618 ft2 x 4777 hdd) = 15 btu/ft2-hdd What is the Btu/ SqFt-HDD heating value? __________________

btu/sqft-hdd Check the box according to your heating value 6

Where Your Energy Dollar Goes: 7.2% Lighting & Appliances

Heating Hot Water Appliances Lighting Cooling 0

20

40

38.3% Heating Water

2

2

Passive house = 1 watt house (per sqmeter and hdd metric) = 0.8 Btu/sqft/hdd Best new homes: 2 Btu/SqFt-HDD

54.5% Heating & Cooling 60

80

100

ENERGY STAR® homes: 5 Btu/SqFt-HDD low usage existing homes: 7 Btu/SqFt-HDD medium usage existing homes: 11 Btu/ SqFt-HDD high usage existing homes: 15 Btu/ SqFt-HDD

41

APPLIANCES WITH RETROFIT Appliance energy use quantity in house

average wattage in use

average hours on/mo

Total (wh/mo)

Refrigerator/Freezer

1

x

650

x

180

=

117,000

Dryer

1

x

5,000

x

10

=

50,000

Washer

1

x

500

x

10

=

5,000

Oven/Stove

1

x

3,500

x

10

=

35,000

Computer

1

x

200

x

200

=

40,000

Copier

_________

x

_________

x

_________

=

_________

Entertainment Center

2

x

240

x

100

=

48,000

Other (small appliances)

20

x

200

x

12

=

48,000

Other (large, eg. spa)

1

x

0

x

20

=

0

total

=

303,000 wh/mo

12. divide 1000

=

303 kwh/mo

12. (total wh/mo)/1000 = 479 total kwh/mo 13. Electricity cost $ 0.189 /kwh 12.

Monthly Appliance Load (KWh) Jan

303

x

0.189

=

57.27

Feb

303

x

0.189

=

57.27

Mar

303

x

0.189

=

57.27

Apr

303

x

0.189

=

57.27

May

303

x

0.189

=

57.27

June

303

x

0.189

=

57.27

July

303

x

0.189

=

57.27

Aug

303

x

0.189

=

57.27

Sept

303

x

0.189

=

57.27

Oct

303

x

0.189

=

57.27

Nov

303

x

0.189

=

57.27

Dec

303

x

0.189

=

57.27

3,636 Appliance Load

42

Monthly Appiance Cost

13 Electricity cost $/kwh

687.20 Total Appliance Cost

LIGHTING WITH RETROFIT Lighting energy use Quantity in the House

Average Lamp Wattage (w)

Average Hours On per Month (h/mo)

Total (wh/mo)

Incandescent Lights

0

x

_________

x

__________

=

_________

Compact Fluorescent (CFL)

10

x

13

x

100

=

13,000

Fluorescent Lights

_________

x

_________

x

_________

=

_________

Halogen Lights

_________

x

_________

x

_________

=

_________

45

x

6

x

100

=

27,000

_________

x

_________

x

_________

=

_________

=

40,000

CFLs With Dimmer

*(With dimmers reduce the lamp wattage)

10. (total wh/mo)/1000 = 40 total kwh/mo 11. Electricity cost $ 0.189 /kwh 10.

Monthly Lighting Load KWh

Monthly Lighting Cost

11.

Electricity cost $/kwh

Jan

40

x

0.189

=

7.56

Feb

40

x

0.189

=

7.56

Mar

40

x

0.189

=

7.56

Apr

40

x

0.189

=

7.56

May

40

x

0.189

=

7.56

June

40

x

0.189

=

7.56

July

40

x

0.189

=

7.56

Aug

40

x

0.189

=

7.56

Sept

40

x

0.189

=

7.56

Oct

40

x

0.189

=

7.56

Nov

40

x

0.189

=

7.56

Dec

40

x

0.189

=

7.56

480 Lighting Load

90.72 Total Lighting Cost

43

TOTAL MONTHLY ENERGY USE WITH RETROFIT GAS

$ Heating

$ Domestic Hot Water*

Jan

1,198.5

52.94

Jan

1303.03

Feb

1,128.74

52.94

Feb

1170.57

Mar

807.31

52.94

Mar

620.635

$ Appliance*

Actual Gas Bills

Estimated Total $ Gas

Apr

351.20

52.94

Apr

628.84

May

89.61

52.94

May

471.64

June

5.10

52.94

June

134.32

July

0

52.94

July

134.32

Aug

0

52.94

Aug

132.32

Sept

6.71

52.94

Sept

183.75 183.75

Oct

240.13

52.94

Oct

Nov

240.13

52.94

Nov

183.75

52.94

Dec

797.86

635.23 *

Total

5946.78

Dec Total

928.32 5,254.92 *

GAS

These should * Estimated Gas Annual Total 5,890.15 match

* If applicable

Actual Gas Annual Total 5,946.78

* Gas heating estimates are off because the house is primarily used as a summer/weekend home and goes unheated for many days in winter months due to the high cost of heating the house. Estimates show heating costs if the home was occupied throughout the year.

ELECTRIC

$ Cooling

Jan

$ Domestic Hot Water*

Actual Electric Bills

$ Lighting

$ Appliance

$ Estimated Total

0

7.56

57.27

Jan

195.34

Feb

0

7.56

57.27

Feb

109.65

Mar

0

7.56

57.27

Mar

107.80

Apr

2.58

7.56

57.27

Apr

109.73

May

24.61

7.56

57.27

May

97.55 284.66

June

66.88

7.56

57.27

June

July

110.54

7.56

57.27

July

473.15 325.41

Aug

84.94

7.56

57.27

Aug

Sept

46.04

7.56

57.27

Sept

216.64

Oct

4.17

7.56

57.27

Oct

96.64

Nov

0

7.56

57.27

Nov

123.28

Dec

0

7.56

57.27

Dec

115.72

Total

339.76

90.72

687.20

Total

2,255.57

ELECTRIC

These should Estimated Electricity Annual Total 1,117.68 Actual Electricity Annual Total 2,255.57 match

* If applicable

How does your house compare to US and International energy standards?

Heating Annual Kwh in mmbtu equivalent

Cooling

6.13

Annual mmbtu

195.86

Percentage of Total Energy (%)

81.70%

Lighting

Domestic Hot Water

1.64

Appliance

12.40 23.68

Totals 20.17

Annual BTU/ft2

`

239.71/2618 = .09 BTU/Ft2 87,500

219.54

70,000 42,500

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2.56%

0.68%

9.88%

5.17%

100%

35,000 17,500

Solar Redesign

This section reccomends a few pasive solar heating design ideas. Suntempering involves calculating the area of windows on the south face of the house that would be needed to heat the house with solar heating to take a siginificant amount off of the heating bill. A passive solar heating option in given to convert the Office into a greenhouse that would store heat in the winter.

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Suntempering

UAh = Total UA (after retrofit) - South Face UA = 2,188.18 Btu/hroF - (0.26 Btu/hrft2 x 319.31ft2) - (0.19 Btu/hrft2 x 239.85ft2) (0.21 Btu/hrft2 x 189.48ft2) - (1.05 Btu/hrft2 x 163.81ft2) (0.27 Btu/hrft2 x 27.70ft2) = 1,840.32 Btu/hroF Ug = U Value of South Glass = 0.50 Btu/hrft2 Ag = Area of South Glazing (Variable To Be Solved) Usw = U Value of South Wall Construction (after retrofit) = (0.26 x 319.31/748.64) + (0.19 x 239.85/748.64) + (0.21 x 189.48/748.64) = .22 Btu/hrft2 Atw = Area of Total South Wall and Window Area

893.59 ft2 ti = Average Desired Interior Design Temperature = 65oF to = Twelve Noon Outdoor Temperature in January = 35oF Is = Average Hourly Solar Radiation at Twelve Noon in January = 126.80 Btu/hr [UAh + UgAg + Usw(Atw-Ag)] (ti-to) = IsAg [1840.32 + 0.5Ag + .22(893.59 - Ag)] x (65 - 35) = 126.80Ag (1840.32 + 0.5Ag + 196.59 - 0.22Ag) x 20 = 126.80Ag (2036.91 + 0.28Ag) x 20 = 126.80Ag 40798.20 + 5.6Ag = 126.80Ag 40798.20 = 121.20Ag Ag = 336.61 ft2 Exisiting sqft of south facing glass = 163.81 ft2

Solar Panels

Existing

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Proposed with Retrofits and Suntempering

Passive Solar Heating Sunspace I propose converting the existing office, which is currently the space that recieves the most sunlight, into a sunspace. This will allow the plants in there to flourish and will turn a mostly unused room into a prime new living space in the house.

Required Glazing Area SSFGoal = 20%

LCR = 100

Load Collector Ratio LCR = (24UAneg.sg) / Asg

= (24 x 2016.18) / Asg 100 = 48388.72 / Asg Asg = 483.88 ft2

Glazing Requiring Thermal Collection Mass

New Sunspace Asg = 491.18 ft2 Other South Glass Asg = 213.89 ft2

Subtotal = 705.06 ft2

Sun Tempering = -336.61ft2 Total = 368.46 ft2 Thermal Collection Mass

Concrete Heat Capacity = 30.03 BTU/ft3oF

Existing Wall Area = 196.30 ft2

x Thickness of Wall = 24 in Concrete Wall Volume = 392.60 ft3 392.60 ft3 x 30.03 BTU/ft3oF = 11,789.78 BTU/oF

Operable Skylights should be used so the greenhouse can vent heat during the summer.

Honeycolm Shades are perfect for difusing summer sunlight while also storing heat in the winter.

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Solar Redesign First Floor Plan and Site

Night Insulation

Dining Room Clo

W/D

Breakfast Room

Kitchen

Family Room

Expanded Windows

Living Room Clo

BR

Concrete Wall

Sunspace with tiled floor

1/16� = 1’

Most of the redesign involves increasing the size of existing windows, while ensuring warm air will not escape in the night though the use of night insulation. The concrete wall in the new Sunspace will soak up heat during the winter days and release it during the night. The Family Room will recieve a lot more sunlight that it previously did on the north side of the house. Curtains should be used to zone the house into heated zones of 65o or 55o.

48

Solar Redesign Second Floor Plan

Night Insulation

Clo Clo

BR

Bedroom 1

Guest Bedroom

Clo Clo

New Skylight

Expanded Windows

Clo BR

Master Bedroom

Clo

Honeycomb Shades

1/16� = 1’

The new second floor will be smaller in square-footage due the shrinking and combining of the unused second bedroom with the Guest Bedroom. The Guest Bedroom should be heated at 55o as should Bedroom 1. The Master Bedroom receives more sunlight with the expanded window as well as increased closet space behind the bathroom. Night Insulation should be placed on all of the North and West facing windows during winter nights. Honeycomb shades provide relief from the summer sun for the new sunspace.

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Bedroom Master Solar Bedroom Redesign Living Through the Seasons Section Sun Room

Living Room

space

Sun space

Basement

Basement

Night Insulation

Master Bedroom

Master Bedroom

Living Room

Living Room

Sun space

Clo Clo

BR

Guest Sun Bedroom space Clo

Basement

Basement

New Skylight

Summer Day

Blinds Closed Vent Open

Blinds Open Expanded Vent Open Windows

Living Room

Living Room

Winter Day

Master Bedroom

Basement

Blinds Open Vent Closed

Sun space

Basement

Master Winter Night

Blinds Closed Bedroom

Vent Closed Living Room

Basement 50

Clo

Master Bedroom

BR

Summer Night

Master Bedroom Sun space

Bedroom 1

Sun 1/16� space= 1’

Honeycom

Project Conclusions

Clearly, there are many ways to descrease annual energy usage and use solar design to passively heat the house. While some of these measures may be costly, in the long run the savings overcome the cost. By thinking about, incorporating, and using environmental factors in your house, your life can be improved and your impact on the environment can be minimalized.

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