High Heels
Flora Cruells Benzal
Introduction
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High Heels
Background
12 High Heel Basics 22 The Rise of the Stiletto 26 Power, Eroticism, and Sex
TheTrifecta
32 Jimmy Choo 38 Manolo Blahnik 44 Christian Louboutin
Today’sTrends 52 Platforms 58 Sparkle & Glitter 64 Embellishments
TheFuture 72 Metal 82 Weapons 92 Customization
PhotoCredits Bibliography Colophon
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Introduction
Like many millions of women out there I am not ashamed to admit that I have a shoe addiction. I am aware of my condition, but to be honest, I am not really interested in correcting it. Shoes, especially high heel shoes, have become more than just things to wear on my feet in order to walk. They have taken a different role and have become a projection of who I am or who I would like to be. They provide a world of fantasy that take me away from my sometimes dull routine of the everyday. I agree that high heels are not for everyone or every occasion. They are sometimes uncomfortable and even painful, but at the same time I cannot help but to wear them. I get mesmerized by the way they look when they are just sitting on a store shelf and I love the way they make me feel when I slip my foot into them for the first time and I look in the mirror. I transform myself. High heels not only give me extra height, since I am on the short side, but they also have the power to make me feel different when I wear them; sexy, confident, powerful, alluring, enigmatic, assertive. High heel shoes change the way I walk, stand, and see myself, therefore to a certain degree, they change who I am, even if it is for a brief moment in time.
Right Steve Madden Fuschia Party Sequin Satin Pumps
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“Give a girl the right shoes and she can conquer the world.”
— Marilyn Monroe
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Background High Heel Basics The Rise of the Stiletto Power, Eroticism, and Sex
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HighHeelBasics
In the twentieth century it has become conventional for women to wear high heels. High heels have been incorporated so successfully into our feminine culture that it is only when dressing as a woman that men are allowed to wear them. These shoes that blatantly contradict the original purpose of footwear, to protect the feet and aid mobility, are for the most part, pretty uncomfortable and even painful. There is no denying that high heels are a paradox. So why do millions of women choose to wear high heels? Despite being condemned by radical feminists as an example of how women have crippled themselves in their quest for the fashionable ideal, the high heel has emerged as a fashion must-have; it has become a badge of status, authority, and sex appeal. The indefinable allure of a new pair of high heel shoes unlocks rich private fantasies. Women fall for a fabulous shoe at first glance, seduced by the tilt of a heel or the sensuous line of an arch. The impulse to buy a new pair of heels has nothing to do with the need; it is the thrill of slipping into a new shoe and a new persona that piques desire. When it comes to high heel shoes, practicality and comfort are beside the point; at the junction of fantasy and reality, women unhesitatingly will choose the high heel frivolity over fit or even comfort.
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Background
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Background
The 6" heel
How the impossible is made possible for the average foot.
This Page A 1950’s illustration from Bizarre magazine using a quasi-scientific approach to explain the change in shape caused by a 6” heel and to show how it is possible to wear such extreme shoes.
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6”
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3”
6”
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A
CD
3”
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3”
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6”
5” heel
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D
C
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6”
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4.5” heel.
A
3”
6” heel
Elementary mathematics.
BD
6” 5”
Shaded portions are empty space.
4” 3” 2” 1”
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“Most women prefer a trip to hell in high heels than to walk flat-heeled to heaven.”
— William A. Rossi (Shoe Consultant and Author)
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Background
3"
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6.2"
7.8" High Heels
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As the saying says, beauty is pain. Vertiginous heels can be a torture to wear. Redistributing the body’s weight to the ball of the foot and exaggerating its arch, high heels, can be the cause for lower back pain, aggravate bunions, hammer toes, corns and inflammatory nerve conditions. High heels limit the range of action in the foot and restricts the walk of the wearer. Women, however, are prepared to take the pain to gain the allure of the high heel.
Right 1930’s diagram showing the ergonomic effects of high heels on the female body and warns of the effects on posture, in particular, the way in which the heel causes the breasts and bottom to thrust outward. Left X-ray of woman’s foot in high-heel shoe. High heels put all the body’s weight on the forefoot, resting mainly on its toes. This causes the woman to adjust the rest of her body in order to maintain balance.
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High heel anatomy Quarter
Upper
Counter
Seat
Pitch
Insole Throat
Heel
Topline Heel Breast Vamp Toebox
Shank
Sole Top Heel
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Background
Outsole
Counter A stiff piece of material at the heel of a shoe positioned between the lining and the upper that helps maintain the shape of the shoe. The counter helps strengthen the rear of the shoe and gives it structure. Heel The heel is the outer part of the sole that raises the rear of the shoe in relation to the front under the heel of the foot. Heel Breast The forward facing part of the heel, under the arch of the sole. Insole The inside part of the shoe that runs underneath the bottom of the foot. Outsole The exposed part of the sole that is in contact with the ground. Pitch The curve under the heel.
Quarter The back of the shoe where it touches the foot.
Throat The front of the vamp next to the toe cap. The top opening that the foot slides into.
Seat Where the heel of the foot sits in the shoe. It normally matches the shape of the heel for comfort and support.
Toebox The part of the shoe that covers and protects the toes. It can be pointy, round or square.
Shank The part of the shoe that runs between the heel and the sole and sits under the arch of the foot. A piece of metal inserted between the sole and the insole lying against the arch of the foot. The shank not only supports the foot and helps give a shoe its structure, but it also absorbs the body weight through the ball of the foot and across the top of the foot.
Top Heel The part of the heel that comes in contact with the ground.
Sole The entire part of the shoe that sits below the wearers foot, as opposed to the upper. The upper and sole make up the whole of the shoe.
Topline The top edge of the upper. Upper The entire part of the shoe that covers the foot. Vamp The part of the shoe that can cover anywhere on the top part of the foot between where the toes and the legs connect to the foot. The higher the vamp, the more support there is which also helps keep the foot in position so it doesn’t slide back or forth. Especially with high heels, it’s important to have a high vamp.
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TheRise of theStiletto The stiletto (from the Italian for “sharp dagger”) heel as we know it was invented in the 1950’s by Roger Vivier, who was among the first to design shoes for Christian Dior. Since the stiletto’s inception, its chameleon-like quality has made it a powerful symbol. Moving from fetish to high fashion and back again, it has always kept a hint of danger promoting lust and perkiness along the way. For many women, the new stiletto encompasses many different viewpoints. For some it is a shoe of immense sexual power, a literally walking embodiment of post-feminist power; for others a symbol of their status and bankability with the designer tags being its most important aspect. It cannot be denied that more than ever it is glamour over comfort, and sex rather than succor. The sleek silhouette of the stiletto makes it a uniquely modern shoe in the midst of fashion, which operates mainly around a “fake historicism” as fashion writer Colin McDowell puts it. It can be an object of pure sexuality in the hands of Christian Louboutin, a piece of feminine frippery to lust after by Jimmy Choo, or an object akin to sculpture by Manolo Blahnik.
Right Gianmarco Lorenzi Strass-snake stiletto pump.
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Background
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Background
“Women have long used the spike or stiletto heel to “stab” back at men in a male dominated world.” — William A. Rossi (Shoe Consultant and Author)
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Power,Eroticism, andSex The high heel spells sex. Not only has an erotic allure but it also is an all supreme symbol of femininity. The highest heels have always walked a delicate tightrope between the elegant and the vulgar, with those prepared to wear them seen as worldly or just crazy. Many characteristics commonly associated with feminine sexual attractiveness are accentuated by high-heeled shoes, which affect the wearers’s gait, and posture. By putting the lower part of the body in a state of tension, the movement of the hips and buttocks is emphasized and the back is arched, thrusting the bosom forward. High heels also change the apparent contour of the legs, increasing the curve of the calf and tilting the ankle and foot forward, thus creating an alluring long-legged look.
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Background
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“Women derive a sadomasochistic pleasure in wearing high heels, steaming from the foot distress and deformation, usually endured, yet a pleasurable pain in knowing the sexual effects conveyed on the opposite sex.” — William A. Rossi (Shoe Consultant and Author)
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The Trifecta Jimmy Choo Manolo Blahnik Christian Louboutin
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JimmyChoo
“I design like an architect. It is a beautiful, distinctive art, and shoes are like the foundations. If the foundations are not right, the building will not stand upright, and if a woman’s balance isn’t right, nothing else is.” Malaysian born designer Jimmy Choo, became quite known in the 1990’s London scene after Princess Diana became one of his customers. Along with Tamara Mellon, a former accessories editor at UK Vogue, they took the brand into a new level, creating a shoe with associations of A-list glamour and status. Up to this point in time, the key practictioners of high heel design had always been men—Ferregamo, Pfister, Vivier, Louboutin, but with the arrival of Choo and Mellon, for once, women were making shoes for women. As Sandra Choi (Jimmy Choo’s niece) states, “the Choo heel is not a killer heel. When women think of Jimmy Choo they think diamanté, evening, a sexy shoe. The shoes are accessible, people can browse and afford it. Jimmy Choo is not an intimidating brand.”
Right Jimmy Choo’s Teazer feather-trimmed satin sandals.
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TheTrifecta
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Right Jimmy Choo’s Marlene feather and suede sandals.
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TheTrifecta
Left Jimmy Choo’s Tempest sequined embellished pumps. Below Jimmy Choo’s gold sequined Charleston sandals.
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ManoloBlahnik
“About half my designs are controlled fantasy, 15 percent are total madness and the rest are bread-and-butter designs.” Manolo Blahnik has become a household name in the twentyfirst-century with his trademark of sexy styles. He is a synecdoche for refined elegance and in-the-know fashion ability. In a time when shoes were being read in sexual terms, Blahnik became known for incorporating the infamous “toe cleavage”, a term used for years in the shoe industry but which first came to a more public light in an article in the Wall Street Journal in 1984. Blahnik sees his work as jewelry for the foot, fusing heel and toe shapes into contemporary objects of desire using influences as diverse as the Belle Epoque, bondage, and Velázquez. His eclectic design sensibility and use of materials such as Perspex, mother of pearl, and coral provide a perfect balance of aerodynamics, aesthetics and engineering in the haute couture tradition of Roger Vivier and André Perugia.
Right Manolo Blahnik’s Swan Embellished Satin Pump.
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TheTrifecta
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Left Manolo Blahnik’s Glapir Leather Pump.
“My shoes are more than feminine. They are sensuous.” — Manolo Blahnik
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TheTrifecta
Left Manolo Blahnik’s Campari Cap Toe Mary Jane Pump. Right Manolo Blahnik’s Something Blue Satin Pump. Manolo Blahnik’s Satin Bejeweled d’Orsay.
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Christian Louboutin
“ You have two categories of Shoes: shoes which are dressing a woman or shoes which are undressing a woman.” Considered as the designer of the highest, most subversive, and witty high heels in fashion, Christian Louboutin sees the impracticality of the high heel as an opportunity for an erotic encounter. He has quite literally altered the way people view shoes, not simply from above, but also from below, to check for the that all important red sole, which he has made his signature. Inspired by his backstage visits at the Les Folies Bergères and the Lido during his youth in Paris, Louboutin drew from the showgirls and ballerinas in order to start creating his first shoe designs. He understood how paramount the balance between the shoe and the heel was. Louboutin is perhaps the only shoe designer working in the Twenty-First Century who truly understands the legacy and sexual power of the high heel. Loboutin’s shoes are striking silhouettes, towering heels, and designs that have erotic tension.
Right Christian Louboutin’s Alti spike patent leather pumps.
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TheTrifecta
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Above Christian Louboutin Lucifer Spike Bow Pump Right Christian Louboutin’s Decorapump black pumps.
Christian Louboutin, the supreme stiletto designer of the twenty first century, creates shoes for women trying to reach the sky. He believes that a shoe on a woman is an extension of herself. His designs are characterized by striking silhouettes, towering heels, and designs that have an erotic tension. Louboutin’s shoes have the power to mesmerize and respond to the high heel as a fetish in a truly sexual sense. They are experimental in design and frankly erotic in their final execution. As he states bluntly: “The last thing I would like is for people to point to my shoes and say “Oh they look so comfortable.” Louboutin says of his perfect customer: “She may die, but she’ll die in high heels. That way there will always be a spark of her life.”
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TheTrifecta
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“A shoe has so much more to offer than just to walk.” — Christian Louboutin
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TheTrifecta
Left Christian Louboutin’s Asteriod pumps.
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Today’s Trends Platforms Sparkle & Glitter Embellishments
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Platforms
The actual fashion trend in high heels is “The sky is the limit.” The extreme high heel along with the height of the platform may be hard on ones ankles and arches, however they are hard to resist. Nowadays, some of the shoes are starting to tower around seven inches high, and that is because platforms not only add inches to the leg they also create the illusion of overall height. For short or petite women platforms are more than welcome in order to feel taller than what they really are. Platform shoes are nothing new. They have been around for many decades, some more popular than others. However, designers are moving away from the chunky heels prevalent during the 1970’s and are now incorporating platforms to a more slim and delicate kind of heel. Contemporary shoe designers are responding again to the elegant modernity of the heel, and along with higher and more towering platforms, they are pushing the limits of height, slimness, and wearability.
Right Nina Rinalda’s black pumps with glitter bottoms.
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Today’sTrends
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Today’sTrends
Left Steve Madden’s Caryssa glitter pump.
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Today’sTrends
“Sensible shoes command respect, but high heels solicit adoration.”
— Linda O’Keeffe (Author)
Right Kotonica’s Karo with rhinestone accents. Left Steve Madden’s Caryssa grey suede platform pump.
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Sparkle &Glitter
Sparkle and shine, sequin and glitter. High heel shoes have become one of the biggest stars when putting an outfit together. Women have now started to get dressed from the bottom up, and they will choose their clothes to work around the shoes they have picked out to wear. Actual high heel shoes want attention; they want to be the main actors in a fashion play. Their seek attention is provided by one of the mainstream trends: sparkle and shine. Heels have transformed themselves into a fashion statement that can be dazzling to look at. Rhinestones, sequin, glitter, and other types of sparkly and shiny embellishments allow shoes to speak for themselves and show attitude. The power of shoes that shine and sparkle have always been present since early childhood in women’s lives; Dorothy and her ruby slippers in The Wizard of Oz or Cinderella and her glass slipper. Some women believe in the magic that these type of shoes come with, so it is no wonder that women gravitate towards them in hopes to provide them with a fairy tale story to go along with.
Right Steve Madden Fuschia Party Sequin Satin Pumps.
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Today’sTrends
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Today’sTrends
Left Aruna Seth’s Cerise royal bridal heels. Below Charlotte Olympia’s Priscilla glitter plarform pumps. Jil Sander’s orange crocodile special effect crystal sandals.
“You look down at your feet and wink at yourself.” — Diane von Furstenberg (Clothing Designer)
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Today’sTrends
Below Baby Phat’s Fenoix gold glitter pumps. Left Michael Kors’ Josie satin and rhinestone platform sandals.
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Embellishments
Today’s high heel shoes are not immune to embellishments. There is a special beauty on a simple stiletto shoe, but the actual trend is to provide as many bells and whistles as possible in order to stand out. Embellishments provide shoes with character. They give them personality and shows a specific trait that the wearer finds special. Embellishments come in all kinds of forms, from small bows or buckles to jewel clips and rhinestones. However today’s embellishments tend to be more forward, aggressive and hard natured. Women are moving away from bows and floral decorations and more towards skulls, spikes, studs and metal chains. The shift in how women perceive themselves has given way to a new way to showcase their high heel shoes. Women do not want to loose their femininity, but at the same time they are more in control of their lives. The appearance of hard metal embellishments on their shoes show to the world that they are tough women but at the same time they are still feminine enough to want that something extra special on their feet.
Right Alexander McQueen’s pink suede skull peep toe pumps.
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Above Mango’s black ankle boots with studs. Right Carlos Santana’s red sandals with gold studs. Michael Kors’ Uptown Astor leopard heels.
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Today’sTrends
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Today’sTrends
Below Giuseppe Zanotti’s mirror embellished ankle boots. Left Christian Louboutin’s Bollywood suede peep toe pumps.
“The reason for the popularity of fashionable footwear is simple: consumers love the objectification of the quotidian.”
— Harriet Walker (Author)
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The Future Metal Weapons Customization
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Metal
In the future, the phenomenon of the stand out shoe will be enhanced by the advances in technology and its components. Architecture and engineering will be the main sources of inspiration that will take footwear towards a more futuristic look and incorporate metal as one of their main features. Following today’s trends towards a more aggressive and tougher look for women’s high heel shoes, the future will take those a step further and use different types of metal in order to reinforce that fashion statement. Women will still want a feminine look to their footwear, but at the same time they will be open to experiment with a more contemporary style that showcases their powerful side. Aluminum, bronze, copper, iron, lead, tin, nickel, as well as platinum, silver and gold, will be the main metals that will enhance future shoes. These metals will not only provide shoes with a specific look but they will also provide them with extra durability, stability and double functions.
Right Paul Kim’s designs fuse past and present in a sophisticated way, taking inspiration from armor and Roman sandals, yet translating this to well crafted high-heeled ankle boots with a very current flavour, due to the futuristic looking metal heels.
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TheFuture
Left Brass and bolts are fun details that can be worn in every day life. These new black platform pumps are mostly enhanced by the exposed riveted metal details as if it was part of an iron clad old steamer. Above Hades, Metropolis’s Eiffel platform heels are inspired by the steampunk fashion. These metal heel pumps could provide the wearer with extra height if desired with just some minor adjustments to their screws.
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Below Continuing in line with the Steampunk fashion, these sexy high heel Predator pumps shoes will come with 5” custom skeleton heels and metal spikes platforms. Right The Heavy Metal Series from Bryan brand, fusing steel, technology, and beauty above all. Their Spinneret heels were born from Bryan’s architectural design research into advanced fabrication technology, to this point, used only by the automotive and aerospace industries to create both the most beautiful and durable products on earth
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TheFuture
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Below Gianfranco Ferre’s black sandal with a metal scaffolding inspired heel. Along with a clear, sharp design, the shoes emphasizes the heel with a metallic strip that moves up towards the end of the heel. It looks more like an artifact than a sustained form necessary for the woman’s equilibrium. Right Designer Chris van den Elzen was inspired by a series of antique brace sketches. In order to create a shoe existing of a leather sock with a solid foot bed hidden inside, carried by a frame, the sock seems to be captured by the frame, together they form the shoe. These are truly high heeled shoes with a dark twist.
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TheFuture
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Above & Right The Heavy Metal Series is a new and otherworldly high-heel collection by architecture and footwear designer Bryan Oknyansky, the creative mind behind the Bryan brand. The Caged Heels (right) and Spider Heels (left), dramatically re-define the silhouette and re-engineer the structure of high-heels. Each design was generated using computer-modelling software in a process that resembles the construction of buildings, boats, and airplanes and were inspired by nature and popular form-finding experiments during the early mid-twentieth century.
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TheFuture
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Weapons
Nowadays women’s shoes are displaying a bolder and more aggressive tone. Women are taking charge of their lives and they do not need a man to take care of them anymore. This new sense of empowerment is reflected in the shoes they wear. High heel shoes in the future will provide women with not only wearable foot fashion but also with added security. Some shoes will feature razor blade knives disguised as heels that could used at many different instances, from defending oneself from an attacker to open packages at a moment’s notice. Some shoes will incorporate spikes and studs that could be used to puncture someone’s hand when it is placed on an inappropriate part of a woman’s anatomy. Some shoes will come with a detachable hand gun that could be used as self protection device in a moment of peril. Future high heel shoes will have a duality in their use. They will provide women with a fashion statement that shows the kind of women they are as well as protection against certain dangers that unfortunately the world has to offer.
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TheFuture
Below JSparkle high heels are definite attention getters and statement pieces that not only add pizazz to the wearer’s wardrobe but they can also be custom designed in order to provide a weapon in hand. With chains, spikes and studs, high heels can be glamorous and dangerous at the same time. Left As part of the se7ven deadly sin collection, designer Lauren Luna created the Pinhead shoe. Made out of nylon, nails and elastic, this high heel could be used as a weapon at any moment.
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Left Designer Chau Har Lee has combined traditional shoe making techniques with new technologies introducing materials such as steel, acrylic and wood to contrast with softer, stretched and molded leather. Her futuristic high heels resemble sharp blades that can be used as a deadly weapon if needed. Right Brass knuckle Mary Jane pumps are also some of the future shoes that could be used as a self defense mechanism if the wearer is in danger. The detachable brass knuckle could be used as a hand weapon.
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Left Designer Kobi Levi has also pushed the boundaries in combining a high heel shoe that potentially could be used as a weapon. The sling shot shoe stands as a wonderful sculpture piece as well as something to be fear. The delicate lines and superior craftsmanship of the shoe is the perfect disguise for a high heel that can be used as a double agent.
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Below & Left The most revolutionary feature of future shoes is the customizing of their heels as hand held guns. From unknown designers to fashion houses such as Chanel, pistol heels will be a must-have for all women who want to carry a concealed weapon with them at all times as a protection device. These custom shoes will come in different calibers and could also be accessorized with their own bullet bracelets or ankle straps.
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Customization
Shoes are a reflection of who we are. Women choose their footwear as a way to showcase their personalities and in order to tell the world their story. High heels shoes make a statement on their own, however in the future, women will be able to further customize their footwear to express who they truly are. In the future, women will be able to customize their shoes to fit a specific need they may have or to use as an alternative function aside from their walking needs. High heels will be able to provide music, make up accessories or even light when needed. Customized shoes will have to power to speak for themselves and take away some of the awkwardness that derive from personal questions, such as sexual orientation, political affiliations, religious beliefs, etc. In the same manner that people customize their wardrobe in a way that expresses their inner self and shows no doubt if they are goth, posh, or hippie, shoes will take that a step further and allow the wearer to make a loud and clear statement on many of her views and choices. Women will no longer need to post their preferences on a “wall” online, they will be able to wear them on their feet.
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Right In the future women will be able to customize their heels in any kind of shape or look they want. Much in line with Dsquared, a brand that has designed a series of skeletal stilettos resembling spinal columns, future heels will be able to take on any type of design that a women feels fits her style best.
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Below Designer’s imagination will run wild in order to accommodate their customers custom designs. Women will use their shoes not only as a fashion accessory but also as utilitarian tool for their own personal use. A lipstick heel will allow a woman to always have make-up on hand for those on the go touch ups. Right Inspired by the 80’s hip hop music scene, designer Cleo B‘s high heel shoes are bright, fun and quirky. In the future, the heels will also be able to function as mp3 players and women will be able to stream their music directly from the heels of their stilettos.
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Below & Right Who has not needed at one time or another some kind of source of light on a dark night? A flashlight may not always be around when need it, but in the future woment will have the power to customize their heels with LED lights. Based on Chanel’s couture collection by Lagerfeld, these new and innovative high heel shoes will allow the wearer to have specific lights when needed and create a small source of energy with their walking power. These shoes will be stylish as well as energy creators. Following Spread In the future, women will be able to shout to the world what their creed is without having to say it. Their customized shoes, such as these sleek black leather pumps with crosses as heels, will do all the talking without having to engage in religious controversial conversation.
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PhotoCredits 5–7 8
Flora Cruells Benzal www.es.paperblog.com/marilyn-monroe-getty-images-gallery-980238/
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www.ebay.com/itm/GIO-Thighhigh-Fully-Fashioned-Stockings-Seams-Garter-top-Sheer-Best-Quality-/261036663381
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www.princessfruitfly.tumblr.com
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www.yworld.co.za/social/entertainment/high-heels-my-aphrodisiac/
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www.barkingduck.net/ehayes/essays/highheel.html
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www.nice-cool-pics.com/img-x-ray-vision,-high-heel-shoe-and-foot-4764.htm
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www.yvessaintlaurentonline.net/christian-louboutin-patent-wedged-black-heel-p-443.html
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www.bohemianroserhapsody.blogspot.com
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www.google.com/imgres?q=21392166950499710+la+perla
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www.fashiolista.com/item/5913803/
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www.media-cache-ec5.pinterest.com/upload/94505292150592139_Cn7nDFnh.jpg
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www.pinterest.com/pin/24206916716634987/ www.378091331186164006_5OTEXlu9_c.jpg www.2479988-ll72.jpg www.pinterest.com/ 51298883225745747_kcd8Sf7X_c.jpg
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www.womenshoes.pro/heels
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www.toughtalkerz.com/2012/07/12/shoe-game-jimmy-choo-teazer/
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www.chic-lux.com/2012/08/thursday-splurge-jimmy-choo-feather-heels/
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www.mytheresa.com/en-gb/tempest-sequined-embellished-heels.html
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www.totnaija.blogspot.com/2012/08/jimmy-choo-tessa-sequined-leather-pumps.html
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www.talkshoes.com/6667/obsessed-with-twilight-own-bellas-manolo-blahnik-wedding-shoes/
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www.bestylish.com/manolo-blahnik-women-glapir-85057
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www.officialshenaegrimes.com/going-for-a-nightcap-10-2012/shenae-grimes-manolo-blahniks-campari-shoe-cap-toe-101112
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www.christianlouboutinromania.net/manolo-blahnik-something-blue-satin-pompe-p-442.html www.stylecheapreplicashop.com/cheap-manolo-blahnik-fall-collection-c-22_110_493.html
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www.shopchristianilouboutin-au.com/christian-louboutin-alti-140mm-spiked-patent-leather-pumps-in-black/
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www.christianlouboutinsaletoy.com/christian-louboutin-lucifer-spike-bow-120mm-studded-pointed-toe-black-party-pump/
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www.us.christianlouboutin.com/us_en/shop/women/decorapump-strass.html
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www.discountlouboutinshoes2012.com/christian-louboutin-asteroid-160mm-multicolor-pump-shoes-pink_p363 www.redsoleheelsale.com/christian-louboutin-asteroid-glitter-black-160mm-pumps-c2237.html
49
www.louboutinofficaloutlet.com/christian-louboutin-asteroid-160mm-spiketoe-pumps-black-outlet-p-44.html
50
www.fruugo.us/new-odeon-silver-glitter-platform-womens-high-heel-court-shoe/p-1870382
53–59
Flora Cruells Benzal
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www.highheelsdaily.com/2011/04/26/insider-info-on-royal-wedding-shoes-picks/
61
www.mytheresa.com/en-de/priscilla-glitter-platform-pumps.html www.crystalheels.com/Pumps/Jil-Sander-Orange-Crocodile-Special-Effect-Crystal-Sandals-91/
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High Heels
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Flora Cruells Benzal
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www.heels.com/womens-shoes/fenoix-gold-glitter.html
65
www.bluefly.com/Alexander-McQueen-black-leather-skull-detail-peep-toe-pumps/p/317173101/detail.fly
66–67 68
Flora Cruells Benzal www.heelssale4u.com/goods-156-2012-Fashion-Christian-Louboutin-Bollywoody-150mm-Suede-Peep-toe-Hot-Pink-Platform-Pumps.html
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www.stylehive.com/site/net-a-porter.com/tag/ankle_boots/recent/grid/0
70
www.madamedevereshideaway.tumblr.com/post/32326388959/the-spiked-heel-photo-by-pierre-dal-corso-for
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www.virtualshoemuseum.com/paul-chan-jung-kim
74
www.styledbykalack.wordpress.com/2012/09/15/black-and-gold/
75
www.fashionmefabulous.com/2011/09/mcqueen-inspired-steampunk-heels.html
76
www.midorishoes.com/catalog/product/view/id/10228/s/sexy-women-s-alternative-footwear-steampunk-skeleton-highheels-platform-pumps-shoes/
77
www.aizakbuyondo.com/heavy-metal-collection-of-heels-from-shoes-by-bryan/
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www.picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/W2eAFIW6XdkrGx9EhM8k9tMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0
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www.virtualshoemuseum.com/chris-van-den-elzen
80–81
www.thefabweb.com/14905/industrial-collection-heavy-metal-shoes-from-brian-oknyanski/#.UKx6paX-fA4
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Flora Cruells Benzal via Shoes: A history from Sandals to Sneakers by Giorgio Riello and Peter Mcneil
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www.virtualshoemuseum.com/lauren-luna
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www.ustrendy.com/store/product/34396/matrix-custom-high-heel-peep-toe-pump-with-crystal-flatback
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www.wearedesignbureau.com/projects/chau-har-lee/
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www.zaphonshoes.com/5-inch-heel-pump-el-550-fugitive.html
88–89 90
www. allreport.ru/moda/botinok-kotoryj-nastupil-na-zhvachku/ www.select2gether.com/shopping/store/268/costumes4less.com/4349958/Boots%20&%20Shoes/128/32/price/desc www.picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/ozngrtaadwlTUgCD4n4B1w
91
www.funnydust.blogspot.com/2010_11_01_archive.html www.sammi-jackson.com/2012_09_01_archive.html
93
www.gracija.ba/novost/10297/skeletal-stilettos
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www.subconchicness.wordpress.com/2010/05/07/shoes-or-foes/
95
www.notesonallure.com/2012/03/26/sucker-mc/
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www.lovethecool.net/2009/10/09/chanel-lightbulb-shoes/
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www.chanel.com/fashion/8-sequined-goat-sandals-with-functioning-bulb-heel--2,2,9,9 www.lovethecool.net/2009/10/09/chanel-lightbulb-shoes/
98
www.svtvn.com/nothing/3418
99
www.tumblr.com/tagged/crucifix-heels
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Bibliography books
Bergstein, Rachelle. Women from the Ankle Down: The Story of Shoes and How They Define Us New York, Harper Collins Publishers, 2012 Cox, Caroline. Stiletto London, Octopus Publishing Group Ltd, 2004. O’Keeffe, Linda. Shoes:A Celebration of Pumps, Sandals, Slippers & More Miami, Workman Publishing Group, Inc, 1996. Riello, Giorgio and McNeil, Peter. Shoes: A History from Sandals to Sneakers London, Berg Publishers, 2006 Walker, Harriet. Cult Shoes: Classic and Contemporary Designs London, Merrell Publishers, 2012
articles
Azodi, Mina. Women and Shoes: A Love Story www.cosmopolitan.com/celebrity/fashion/women-love-shoes Frint, Delayna. The Anatomy of a High Heel February 2012. www.fortheloveofashion.com/2012_02_01_archive.html Kay, Karen. High Heels and Their Perennial Appeal: Why Pain Seems a Small Price to Pay July 2012. www.guardian.co.uk/fashion/2012/jul/21/high-heels-stilettos-fashion Mancoff, Debra and Raz-Russo, Michal. High Heels: Take Two September 2011. www.britannica.com/blogs/2011/09/high-heels/ Miss Tempting. High Heels: Why We Subject Ourseves to Such Torture
Colophon
March 2011. www.misstempting.com/2011/03/high-heels-why-we-subject-ourselves-to-such-torture/
book & cover designer Flora Cruells Benzal
binding
Flora Cruells Benzal
laser cut services Laselab
primary typefaces
Chopin Script designed by Diogene Adobe Caslon Pro designed by Carol Twombly Univers desgined by Adrian Frutiger
paper
Epson 4 star
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