Forced Migration Review Issue 6 by Forced Migration Review

FORCED MIGRATIONreview 6

December 1999

published by

the Refugee Studies Centre in association with the Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Project

Culture in exile Special feature on culture: • culture, welfare and identity of Karenni, Afghan and Tibetan refugees • the role of art, music and theatre in working with displaced communities see pages 4 - 24

Internal displacement in Turkey, Burma and Algeria see page 25

Issues of the new millennium see page 29

Updates on Burundi, Haiti and the Ombudsman for Humanitarian Accountability see pages 42 - 43

Launch of Global IDP Database see page 47

PLUS regular features: • conferences, debate, publications and news

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his issue includes a feature section on culture in exile, with a brief introduction by the editors on page 4. It also includes a section on the most pressing issues (relating to forced migration) of the new millennium as perceived and written about by eight individuals from different fields. Remember that our regular Debate section is your forum for discussion of any issues arising. If you would like to discuss any aspect relating to our feature section or to challenge or support any of the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;issues of the new millenniumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, do please write to us at fmr@qeh.ox.ac.uk or at the address opposite. In this issueâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Debate section, readers respond to FMR 5â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s focus on â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Learning from Kosovoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. The next issue - FMR 7, due out in April - will include a feature section on land and property issues. Deadline for submissions for this feature: 14 February. Deadline for submission of information relating to conferences, websites, publications, research and the Debate section: 1 March. In the August 2000 issue we will be looking at issues of respect and accountability. Deadline for articles: 15 May (but it would be preferable if potential contributors would submit ideas for articles as early as possible). Deadline for other sections: 15 June. As you may have noticed from the front cover, the Refugee Studies Programme has changed its name to the Refugee Studies Centre. See page 39 to find out why! And it is with great regret that we have to announce that Dr David Turton, Director of the Refugee Studies Centre, will be leaving in late 2000 and that the Directorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s position is now being advertised. Details are given on page 39. Deadline for applications is 15 February. On pages 40 and 47, the Global IDP Project (formerly the Global IDP Survey) announces the launch of its database and its plans for the future. Add www.idpproject.org to your e-bookmarks now! If you wish to access and download any articles from this FMR (or its predecessor, the RPN), visit our website at www.fmreview.org Thanks to further funding by the Ford Foundation, Cairo office, of the Arabic edition of FMR, we are currently establishing a regional Editorial Board with a part-time Coordinator whose job it will be to help ensure a stronger regional flavour to Nashra Al-Hijra Al-Qasriya. And, finally, congratulations to our colleague Sharon Westlake (FMR Subscriptions Assistant) on her recent marriage - now Mrs Sharon Ellis. With our best wishes for 2000. Marion Couldrey & Tim Morris, Editors &RYHU SKRWRJUDSK Burundi, Panos Pictures/Giacomo Pirozzi

December 1999, 6

FORCED MIGRATION review

contents contents

Introduction: culture in exile

‘Traditional’ culture and refugee welfare in north-west Thailand by Sandra Dudley

Music and refugee lives: Afghans in eastern Iran and California by John Baily

Imagining home: the reconstruction of Tibet in exile by Clare Harris

The role of art in psychosocial care & protection for displaced children by Bo Viktor Nylund, Jean Claude Legrand and Peter Holtsberg 16 Psychosocial rehabilitation of IDP children: using theatre, art, music and sport by Nazim Akhundov

Theatre for development: a dynamic tool for change by Helen Scott-Danter

Hard cases: internal displacement in Turkey, Burma and Algeria by Roberta Cohen

Issues of the new millennium

Debate Response to issue 5’s feature on ‘Learning from Kosovo’

Regular features Conferences Refugee Studies Centre news Global IDP Project news Update Publications FORCED MIGRATION review

38 39 40 42 44 December 1999, 6

culture in exilefeature

UNICEF/HQ99-0383/Mark Thomas

Introduction: culture in exile

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FORCED MIGRATION review

culture in exilefeature

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Traditionalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; culture and refugee welfare in north-west Thailand by Sandra Dudley The effects of displacement on culture can have significant impacts on the psychological and physical welfare of individual refugees and on the social dynamics within a refugee population.

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See how beautiful your lyrics are;

Look at your dances

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From â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Prologueâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; by Joseph Abuk Joseph Abuk lives in Juba, South Sudan. He is a Mundari elder who has recently been working for the YMCA, Sudan. Until the war disrupted all cultural activities, he was the Director of the Culture Centre in Juba which is now occupied by hundreds of IDPs

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Music and refugee lives: Afghans in eastern Iran and California by John Baily Refugee communities are often deprived of their customary means of musical expression, either because they have become separated from their musicians or from their traditional musical instruments, or due to a lack of opportunity in the host country.

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FORCED MIGRATION review

Imagining home: the reconstruction of Tibet in exile by Clare Harris Since 1959 when the 14th Dalai Lama escaped from Tibet, more than 130,000 Tibetans have followed him into exile.

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Education for the next generation

The image of Tibet in exile

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Women performing a dance from Central Tibet in front of the Nmgyal Temple

FORCED MIGRATION review

December 1999, 6

culture in exilefeature

The role of art in psychosocial care and protection for displaced children by Bo Viktor Nylund, Jean Claude Legrand and Peter Holtsberg The psychosocial care and protection of children affected by armed conflict and displacement are extremely important components of humanitarian action.

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UNICEF/95-0555/Roger LeMoyne

culture in exilefeature

Children paint their new reality, Tuzla, Former Yugoslavia.

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December 1999, 6

UNICEF/94-0876/Roger LeMoyne

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December 1999, 6

culture in exilefeature

Psychosocial rehabilitation of IDP children: using theatre, art, music and sport by Nazim Akhundov In any group of IDP children, there will be children who require psychotherapeutic interventions and children who need only social and educational rehabilitation.

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FORCED MIGRATION review

December 1999, 6

culture in exilefeature

Theatre for development: a dynamic tool for change by Helen Scott-Danter A group of actors stands in a frozen image of a community whose members do not communicate. A man comes from the audience and moves the actors around to create an image of everyone standing in reconciliation. Then a man and a woman create an image of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;transitionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, where the actors show a willingness to communicate by sitting in a circle drinking the local brew. The actors then show the three images in succession and the audience applauds.

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FORCED MIGRATION review

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FORCED MIGRATION

Panos Pictures/Jan Hammond

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culture in exilefeature

Hard cases: internal displacement in Turkey, Burma and Algeria by Roberta Cohen In some countries, the internally displaced are beyond the reach of international humanitarian organizations.

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OCHA should take the lead in pressing for an inter-agency needs assessment mission.

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The Directorate The Global IDP Project is a project of the Norwegian Refugee Council, and is administered through its Geneva office. Staff NRC Representative: Brita Sydhoff Project Coordinator: Marc Vincent Project Staff: Christophe Beau, Andreas Danevad, Tone Faret & Gry SandĂś Donors in 1999 Ministries of Foreign Affairs - Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden & Switzerland; Norwegian Church Aid; RĂ¤dda Barnen Sweden; International Development Research Centre (IDRC); UNICEF; UNHCR; UNDP; WFP. Website Visit our database on internal displacement and get more information about the Global IDP Project on www.idpproject.org Contact us If you have any questions or comments, please contact us at: Global IDP Project Chemin MoĂŻse-Duboule 59 CH-1209 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 788 8085 Fax: +41 22 788 8086 Email: idpsurvey@nrc.ch

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'DYLG 7XUWRQ Director, Refugee Studies Centre, Oxford University

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Culture in exile Special feature on culture: â&#x20AC;˘ culture, welfare and identity of Karenni, Afghan and Tibetan refugees â&#x20AC;˘ the role of art, music and theatre in working with displaced communities see pages 4 - 24

Internal displacement in Turkey, Burma and Algeria see page 25

Issues of the new millennium see page 29

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Updates on Burundi, Haiti and the Ombudsman for Humanitarian Accountability

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PLUS regular features: â&#x20AC;˘ conferences, debate, publications and news

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December 1999, 6

publications

publications 44

December 1999, 6

Arts Therapists, Refugees and Migrants: Reaching Across Borders edited by Ditty Dokter. Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd. 1998. 288pp. ISBN 1-85302-550-X. Â£15.95 (US$27.95)

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Stormy Seas We Brave: Creative Expressions by Uprooted People compiled by Helene Moussa. World Council of Churches. 1998. 176pp. ISBN 2-8254-1281-3. Â£12.95 (US$22.50; Sfr29.50) plus 20% for post/packing. 7KLV ERRN SUHVHQWV SRHPV O\ULFV UHIOHF WLRQV GUDPDV DQG YLVXDO DUWZRUNV E\ UHIXJHHV ,'3V DQG PLJUDQWV 7KH FRQ WULEXWRUV Â´H[SUHVV WKHLU VWUXJJOH WR QRXULVK WKHLU URRWV DW WKH VDPH WLPH DV WKH\ WU\ WR UHEXLOG WKHLU OLYHV )HHOLQJV RI KRPHVLFNQHVV RU ORQJLQJ IRU WKH IDPLOLDU HQYLURQPHQW DUH ZD\V RI PDLQWDLQLQJ

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East Timor: A Crisis of Displacement by Jana Mason. US Committee for Refugees. November 1999. 15pp. $5.00. 7KLV UHSRUW H[DPLQHV WKH EDFNJURXQG WR WKH FULVLV DQG LQFOXGHV UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV IRU WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRPPXQLW\ UHJDUG LQJ KXPDQLWDULDQ DFWLRQ LQ WKLV IDVW FKDQJLQJ HPHUJHQF\ &RQWDFW 5DFL 6D\ 86&5 0DVVDFKXVHWWV $YH 1: 6XLWH :DVKLQJWRQ '& 86$ 7HO )D[ :HEVLWH ZZZ UHIXJHHV RUJ

East Timor: Forced Expulsions to West Timor Human Rights Watch. December 1999. 7KLV UHSRUW GRFXPHQWV WKH FRQWLQXLQJ REVWDFOHV WR UHWXUQ IRU (DVW 7LPRUHVH UHIXJHHV LQ :HVW 7LPRU DQG RWKHU SDUWV RI ,QGRQHVLD $Q HVWLPDWHG WR UHIXJHHV DUH VWLOO LQ FDPSV 2EVWDFOHV WR UHWXUQ LQFOXGH GHDWK WKUHDWV DJDLQVW IDPLOLHV VHHNLQJ WR OHDYH DWWDFNV RQ FRQYR\V KHDGLQJ EDFN IRU (DVW 7LPRU PLOLWLD VSUHDG GLVLQIRUPDWLRQ SRUWUD\LQJ (DVW 7LPRU DV D GHVSHUDWH DQG GDQJHURXV

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The Wall of Denial: Internal Displacement in Turkey by Bill Frelick. US Committee for Refugees. 1999. 44pp. $5.00.

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FORCED MIGRATION review

World Refugee Survey 1999 US Committee for Refugees. 1999. 284pp. $19.00.

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(David Parkin: see p9)

Photo: Sandra Dudley

When people flee from the threat of death and total dispossession, the things and stories they carry with them may be all that remains of their distinctive personhood to provide for future continuity.