Forced Migration Review Issue 9 by Forced Migration Review

9 FORCED MIGRATIONreview

December 2000

published by

the Refugee Studies Centre in association with the Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Project

special feature on

Gender and displacement plus

• • • •

Children in adversity UN role in the security of NGO staff Southern NGO’s view of ExCom Accountability in the media

Updates on • Afghanistan • Malukas • Dams • Reangs • Detention of asylum seekers • Appointment of UN Special Coordinator on Internal Displacement

• News from the Refugee Studies Centre and the Global IDP Project

• Conferences and publications

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from the fromeditors the editors y the time you read this, David Turton will have retired as Director of the Refugee Studies Centre. David was a driving force behind this publicationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s transformation in 1998 from RPN newsletter to Forced Migration Review and we have greatly appreciated his input, both as Director and as a member of our Editorial Advisory Board. Stephen Castles starts as the new Director of the RSC on 1 February.

Corinne Owen

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Judy El-Bushra, of the British NGO ACORD, has worked closely with us as Guest Editor in preparing the feature section of this issue with its focus on Gender and Displacement. If you would like to respond to any of the points raised or add new ones, please write (no more than 700 words) to us by mid February. Our contact details are given opposite. We would like to express our thanks to UNICEF for their sponsorship of this issue of Forced Migration Review. Our next issue (issue 10, due out April 2001) will include a feature on UNHCR and the 50th Anniversary of the 1951 Convention, guest-edited by Professor BS Chimni. Would you like to write a short piece for us? We would particularly welcome contributions from NGO and UN staff in the field, and from displaced people. How do the successes and limitations of both the Convention and UNHCR affect displaced people in the country in which you work? How do they affect you and your work? What do you feel about UNHCR â&#x20AC;&#x201C; its mandate and its relationship to the other UN agencies, to governments, to NGOs and to displaced people? What is there to celebrate? What would you change? What should we learn from history and what developments would you like to see - or which do you predict - in the next 10, 20 or 50 years? Maximum length of written contributions: 3,000 words. Short opinion pieces or pithy exhortations are also welcomed! Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t worry if English is not your first language â&#x20AC;&#x201C; we are more than happy to edit contributions. Email us today with your ideas (fmr@qeh.ox.ac.uk) or write to us at the address opposite. The August 2001 issue will be on Return to Peace, looking at: peace and the restoration of confidence; justice; post-conflict power structures; reconciliation and promotion of historical and cultural understanding; and separation or integration of communities. Ideally, we would like to publish a mix of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;overviewâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; articles and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;localâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; reports and examples, including information on appropriate models, good practice and recommendations for action/follow-up. Please contact us as soon as possible with your suggestions for contributions, contributors, reports and examples. With our very best wishes for 2001. Marion Couldrey and Tim Morris Editors

Writing for FMR? Here are our submission deadlines:

Issue

Articles by

Information items by

10 (UNHCR)

1 February 2001

1 March 2001

11 (Return to Peace) 1 June 2001

1 July 2001

Front cover: Rwandese refugees in Zaire wait for water distribution in Kibuma camp 1994. UNHCR/B.Press

FORCED MIGRATION review 9

contents contents

Gender and displacement

General articles

Debate Regular features

FORCED MIGRATION review 9

Gender and forced migration: editorial by Judy El-Bushra

Vindicating masculinity: the fate of promoting gender equality by Simon Turner

Making young displaced men visible by Cathrine Brun

Gender dimensions of displacement by Srilakshmi Gururaja

Gender, persecution and the concept of politics in the asylum determination process by Heaven Crawley

Gender guidelines for the UK by Nathalia Berkowitz

Ethnicity, gender and violence in Kenya by Peter Mwangi Kagwanja

Rural farming systems, plant genetic resources and disasters by Monica Trujillo

A more proactive UN role in the security of NGO staff? by Randolph Martin

Children in adversity by Jo de Berry and Jo Boyden

Accountability in the media

Update

Refugee Studies Centre

Conferences: including ExCom: a Southern view

Global IDP Project

Publications

Gender and displacement

Gender and forced migration: editorial

by Judy El-Bushra

This issue of Forced Migration Review comes at a time when Gender and Development as a body of theoretical and professional practice is at a critical point in its evolution.

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Dinka refugee returning from Ethiopia to Sudan.

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Gender and displacement

Vindicating masculinity: the fate of promoting gender equality by Simon Turner This article explores how attempts by UNHCR and others to empower women in refugee camps are reinterpreted and given new meaning by the refugees themselves.

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FORCED MIGRATION review 9

Simon Turner

Gender and displacement

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Gender and displacement

Making young displaced men visible by Cathrine Brun This article examines the importance of understanding the part of young men in the processes of displacement and resettlement and suggests that agencies need to take greater account of the role and position of young displaced men when formulating gender-sensitive policy and practice.1

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FORCED MIGRATION review 9

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young men are used as active partners â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to achieve strategic gender interests

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FORCED MIGRATION review 9

Gender and displacement

Gender dimensions of displacement by Srilakshmi Gururaja This article focuses on how gender awareness is essential for addressing the protection and participation rights of displaced women and girls, with a discussion of the role and results of the Beijing conferences.

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FORCED MIGRATION review 9

Gender and displacement

Gender, persecution and the concept of politics in the asylum determination process by Heaven Crawley The particular difficulties facing many women as asylum seekers stem not from the absence of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;genderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; in the Refugee Conventionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s grounds but rather from the failure of decision makers to acknowledge and respond to the gendering of politics and of womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s relationship to the state when applying that definition to individual cases.

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a new awareness and willingness to take gender into account have emerged

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Gender and displacement

Gender guidelines for the UK by Nathalia Berkowitz

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Gender and displacement

Ethnicity, gender and violence in Kenya

by Peter Mwangi Kagwanja

This article examines the ethnicallydiscriminatory nature of Kenyaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s refugee policy, its influence on the administration and practice of refugee affairs, especially by relief agencies, and its role in encouraging sexual violence against women refugees.1

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FORCED MIGRATION review 9

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UNHCR and its NGO partners provide counselling sessions for vulnerable women and children. Many feel the need to discuss the sexual or domestic violence they experienced in the camps, where rape continues to be a problem.

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UNHCR/29216/07.1999/B Press

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Gender and displacement

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gle women and mothers to be more easily protected against ir transfer to Hagadera camp in Kenya.

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FORCED MIGRATION review 9

A more proactive UN role in the security of NGO staff? by Randolph Martin The recent and very tragic deaths of UNHCR workers in West Timor and Guinea have once again focused attention on the precarious security circumstance under which humanitarian relief work is so often conducted.

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FORCED MIGRATION review 9

Children in adversity by Jo de Berry and Jo Boyden

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IDPs from the fighting in Kabul, Afghanistan

FORCED MIGRATION review 9

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International Conference on War-Affected Children, Winnipeg, September 2000.

FORCED MIGRATION review 9

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Gender and Refugee Status by Thomas Spijkerboer, Centre for Migration Law, Nijmegen, Netherlands. 2000. 255pp. ISBN 0 7546 2034 4. $ GHWDLOHG DQDO\VLV RI UHIXJHH VWDWXV GHWHUPLQDWLRQ DQG FDVH ODZ ZKLFK VKRZV WKDW DW OHDVW LQ WKH 1RUWK ZRPHQ DUH QRZ PRUH OLNHO\ WKDQ PHQ WR EH UHFRJ QL]HG DV UHIXJHHV 7KLV LV DQ LPSRUWDQW RYHUYLHZ RI WKH SRVLWLRQ RI ZRPHQ LQ UHIXJHH ODZ

The State of the Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Refugees: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action UNHCR. November 2000. 350pp. ISBN 0 19 829778 5 (hardback); 0 19 829779 3 (paperback). Â£40 (hb); Â£12.99 (pb).

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Warâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Offensive on Women: The Humanitarian Challenge in Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan by Julie A Mertus, Humanitarianism and War Project, Tufts University. September 2000. ISBN 1 56549 118 1 (hardback); 1 56549 117 3 (paperback). US$50 (hb); US$19.95 (pb).

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by Terence Wright, Refugee Studies Centre. November 2000. 28pp. Â£3.00/$4.80. 7KH ODWHVW 56& ZRUNLQJ SDSHU ORRNV DW KRZ YLVXDO UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ RI UHIXJHHV FUHDWHV VWHUHRW\SHV +LVWRULFDO DUFKH W\SHV DQG FRQWHPSRUDU\ LPDJHV DUH DQDO\]HG DORQJ ZLWK UHFHQW WHFKQRORJLFDO DQG LQVWLWXWLRQDO FKDQJHV LQ PHGLD SUDF WLFH 7KH DXWKRU OD\V RXW JXLGHOLQHV IRU IXWXUH UHVHDUFK WRSLFV &RQWDFW 5HIXJHH 6WXGLHV &HQWUH 4XHHQ (OL]DEHWK +RXVH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 2[IRUG 6W *LOHV 2[IRUG 2; /$ 8. (PDLO UVF#THK R[ DF XN 2UGHU RQOLQH DW ZZZ THK R[ DF XN UVS PDLQBLQKRXVH KWPO

FORCED MIGRATION review 9

World Migration Report 2000 edited by Susan Forbes Martin, International Organisation for Migration. November 2000. 297pp. ISBN 92 9068 089 X. US$39.00.

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Humanitarian Action in the 21st Century Inter-Agency Standing Committee. 2000. 80pp. ISBN 0 9701247 4 0. Free.

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Rwanda Recovery: UNHCRâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Repatriation and Reintegration Activities in Rwanda from 1994 to 1999 UNHCR January 2001. 116pp. Free. $Q DXWKRULWDWLYH DFFRXQW RI FRQWHPSR UDU\ WUHQGV LVVXHV DQG SUREOHPV LQ WKH ILHOG RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO PLJUDWLRQ ERWK YRO XQWDU\ DQG IRUFHG 7KHUH DUH UHJLRQDO RYHUYLHZV RI WUHQGV UHSRUWV RQ WKH YDVW VFDOH RI GLVSODFHPHQW LQ $IULFD DQG GHWDLOV RI Â´RQH RI WKH PRVW H[SORVLYH EUDQFKHV RI RUJDQL]HG FULPHÂµ Â² PLJUDQW VPXJJOLQJ DQG WUDIILFNLQJ &RQWDFW 81 3XEOLFDWLRQV 5RRP '& 'HSW 81 3OD]D 1HZ <RUN 1< 86$ )D[ (PDLO SXEOLFDWLRQV#XQ RUJ 2UGHU RQOLQH ZZZ LRP LQW LRP 3XEOLF DWLRQV :05(1* KWP $ VXPPDU\ RI WKH ERRN LV DYDLODEOH DW ZZZ LRP LQW LRP 3XEOLFDWLRQV :053UHVV.LW KWP

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Welcome to Hellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;: Arbitrary Detention, Torture and Extortion in Chechnya Human Rights Watch. October 2000. 99pp. ISBN 1 56432 253 X. US$10.00.

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