Forced Migration Review Issue 5 by Forced Migration Review

FORCED MIGRATIONreview 5

August 1999

published by

the Refugee Studies Programme in association with the Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Survey

Learning from Kosovo • • • • •

diplomacy and intervention failing the internally displaced coordination and chaos evacuation, reception and return popular v unpopular refugees

Plus: • East Timor • security for women • news, updates, research, conferences, publications & websites

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from the fromeditors the editors e are delighted to have our colleague Dr Matthew Gibney as Guest Editor for this issue with its focus on Kosovo. In his introduction ‘Learning from Kosovo’, on page 4, Matthew Gibney discusses the relevance of an issue on Kosovo and introduces the articles that follow.

We received so much material on Kosovo that the feature section is longer than usual; in the rest of the issue, you will find our usual regular features plus one general article – on East Timor – and an extract from a report on sexual and gender-based violence in Tanzania. We would like to express our thanks to the Department for International Development (DFID) for their sponsorship of this issue of Forced Migration Review. Forthcoming issues: Forced Migration Review issue 6 (due out December 1999) will include a feature section on the art and culture of displaced communities; issue 7 (April 2000) will focus on property and land issues relating to refugees and IDPs. If you would like to contribute, please contact the Editors (fmr@qeh.ox.ac.uk) to discuss your ideas or send us your written contribution (up to 3000 words) by email or post. Launch of trial Russian edition: In June, at the meeting of the Commonwealth of Independent States Conference in Geneva (see p41 for report), we launched a 28-page trial Russian edition of Forced Migration Review. It was well received and we are now seeking long-term funding for a regular Russian edition. If you know of any organizations that might be interested in receiving a copy, do send us their details.

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Website developments: We have a new (hopefully improved) website! You can still access our pages via the RSP website; alternatively you can go direct to www.fmreview.org for more immediate access. Have you recently acquired or changed your email address? Please let us know. Contacting you by email - to renew your subscription, for example - saves us money, freeing up resources for developing Forced Migration Review. Lastly, remember that we welcome comments on articles that appear in Forced Migration Review. We can put you in touch with the authors or discuss publication of your comments in our Debate section. With our best wishes. Marion Couldrey & Tim Morris Editors

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FORCED MIGRATION review

contents contents

Introduction: learning from Kosovo by Matthew J Gibney, Guest Editor

Kosovo: the implications for humanitarian intervention by Richard Caplan

Western diplomacy and the Kosovo refugee crisis by Michael Barutciski

Failing the internally displaced by Roberta Cohen & David A Korn

UNHCR and Kosovo: a personal view from within UNHCR by Nicholas Morris

Humanitarian interventions in Macedonia: an NGO perspective by Peter Morris

Coordination in the midst of chaos: the refugee crisis in Albania by Toby Porter

Kosovan refugees in Britain: the Rolls Royce or rickshaw reception? by Alice Bloch

Myth and reality: the return of Kosovan Albanians from the camps in Macedonia by Peter Marsden

Kosovo and beyond: popular and unpopular refugees by Matthew J Gibney

East Timor: forced resettlement as a political strategy by John G Taylor

Security for women report on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Programme, Tanzania

Debate Response to issue 4’s focus on security of aid workers

Regular features RSP news Update Conferences Research Global IDP Survey news Publications Website directory

FORCED MIGRATION review

36 37 40 41 42 44 47

August 1999, 5

learning from Kosovo feature

Introduction: learning from Kosovo

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learning from Kosovo feature

Kosovo: the implications for humanitarian intervention by Richard Caplan Do NATO’s actions represent an advance or a setback for international order?

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August 1999, 5

learning from Kosovo feature

Western diplomacy and the Kosovo refugee crisis Crown Copyright/Capt Gallagher

by Michael Barutciski This article argues that Western diplomatic options in Kosovo were not fully exhausted before resorting to the use of force.

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learning from Kosovo feature

Failing the internally displaced UNHCR/U Meissner

by Roberta Cohen and David A Korn The people most at risk in Kosovo throughout the long emergency were the internally displaced.

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August 1999, 5

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August 1999, 5

UNHCR/U Meissner

Lacking proper building materials, a returning IDP tries to rebuild his house from rubble and mud, Nekovce, Glogovac Municipality.

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August 1999, 5

learning from Kosovo feature

UNHCR and Kosovo: a personal view from within UNHCR by Nicholas Morris In this article, the author discusses how the mass arrival of refugees in Albania and Macedonia challenged every aspect of the international community’s ability to respond.

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August 1999, 5

learning from Kosovo feature

Humanitarian interventions in Macedonia: an NGO perspective by Peter Morris

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August 1999, 5

learning from Kosovo feature

Coordination in the midst of chaos: the refugee crisis in Albania by Toby Porter This article explores the coordination of the aid effort, the role of NATO and, finally, whether the response to the Kosovo crisis has strengthened or undermined the principles of universality that govern the global provision of humanitarian assistance.

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learning from Kosovo feature

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The role of NATO

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‘bilateralism’, almost by definition, undermines coordination

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August 1999, 5

learning from Kosovo feature

Kosovan refugees in the UK: the Rolls Royce or rickshaw reception? H J Davies

by Alice Bloch This article examines the different reception and support entitlements offered to spontaneous asylum seekers from Kosovo and their UNHCR programme counterparts, plus the operation of the Kosovo reception programme. It also discusses the Asylum and Immigration Bill and its implications for asylum seekers to the UK.

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Some children in schools are already being called ‘voucher children’ in the playground.

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August 1999, 5

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learning from Kosovo feature

Myth and reality: the return of Kosovan Albanians by Peter Marsden

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August 1999, 5

learning from Kosovo feature

Kosovo and beyond: popular and unpopular refugees by Matthew J Gibney The flight of some 900,000 refugees from Kosovo sparked the revival in Western states of something exceedingly rare: the phenomenon of the popular refugee.

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East Timor: forced resettlement by John G Taylor For many years Indonesia has experienced substantial movements of population as a direct result of government policies.

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There is a widespread fear of a ‘Balkanization’ of Indonesia.

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Security for women An assessment by the International Rescue Committee in 1996 in Kibondo District, Tanzania, indicated that 27 per cent of women between the ages of 12 and 49 had experienced sexual violence since becoming refugees.

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0DUF 9LQFHQW Coordinator, Global IDP Survey, Norwegian Refugee Council, Geneva

/DXUHQFH :KLWHKHDG Official Fellow in Politics, Nuffield College, Oxford University

Global IDP Survey donors Department for International Development, UK; ECHO; Individuell Människahjälp, Sweden; International Development Research Centre, Canada; Ministries of Foreign Affairs - Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland; Norwegian Church Aid; Rädda Barnen, Sweden; Redd Barna, Norway; UNDP; UNHCR; UNICEF; WFP; World Vision International. Website The Global IDP Survey website includes a full IDP bibliography and can be accessed on http://www.nrc.no/idp.htm For more information If you would like more information about the project, or would like to receive Global IDP Survey publications and are not a subscriber to Forced Migration Review, please contact: Global IDP Survey Chemin Moïse-Duboule 59 CH-1209 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 788 8085 Fax: +41 22 788 8086 Email: idpsurvey@nrc.ch

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5 FORCED MIGRATIONreview

August 1999

published by

the Refugee Studies Programme in association with the Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Survey

Learning from Kosovo • • • • •

diplomacy and intervention failing the internally displaced coordination and chaos evacuation, reception and return popular v unpopular refugees

Plus: • East Timor • security for women • news, updates, research, conferences, publications & websites

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August 1999, 5

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August 1999, 5

New! RSP launches series of Working Papers Working Paper No 1: The Kosovo Crisis 3DSHUV IURP D ZRUNVKRS KHOG RQ 0D\ E\ 0LFKDHO %DUXWFLVNL ,YRU 5REHUWV 6WHIDQ 7URHEVW =YRQLPLU -DQNXORVNL *D]PHQG 3XOD DQG 'HVLPLU 7RVLF £5.00/US$8.00 (add £2.00/$3.20 for overseas or 50p for UK p&p)

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Protecting Refugees: A Field Guide for NGOs by UNHCR and its NGO partners. 1999. 136pp. Free to NGOs.

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Conflict and Forced Displacement in the Caucasus: Perspectives, Challenges and Responses by the Danish Refugee Council. 1999. 212pp. ISBN 87-7710-277-0. Free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If you produce or know of publications which might be of interest to other FMR readers, please send details (and preferably a copy) to the Editors (address p2) with details of price and how to obtain a copy.

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Refugees in an Age of Genocide: Global, National and Local Perspectives during the Twentieth Century by Tony Kushner and Katharine Knox. 1999. 505pp. ISBN 0-7146-4341-6. £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

The Role, Preparation and Performance of Civilian Police in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations by Duncan Chappell and John Evans. Schlaining Working Paper 1/99. 1999. 94pp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·5LHOO\ DQG RWKHU PRQLWRUV LQYROYHG LQ WKH 81352)25 RSHUDWLRQ LQ IRUPHU <XJRVODYLD &RQWDFW 3HDFH &HQWHU %XUJ 6FKODLQLQJ $ 6WDGWVFKODLQLQJ $XVWULD (PDLO HSX#HSX DF DW RU DVSU#DVSU DF DW :HEVLWH ZZZ DVSU DF DW

Reports

Protection of Children and Adolescents in Complex Emergencies

A Charade of Concern: The Abandonment of Colombia’s Forcibly Displaced

UNHCR/NRC/Redd Barna report of conference November 1998. 32pp. Free. On-line at www.nrc.no/pub/protection/index.htm

by the Women’s Commission for Refugee Women & Children. 1999. 24pp. Free.

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