Workshop Report on Economic Sustainability of Forest Resources in Nepal

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf]

lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; National Workshop on Economic Sustainability of Forest Resources in Nepal

/fli6«o sfo{zfnf uf]i7L, @)&@

g]kfn ;/sf/ jg tyf e'–;+/If0f dGqfno

g]kfndf jg ;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; -/fli6«o sfo{zfnf uf]i7L – k|ltj]bg_ k|sfzs M jg pBd dxfzfvf, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 -PkmPgl;l;cfO{_ ;jf{lwsf/

©

M jg pBd dxfzfvf, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 -PkmPgl;l;cfO{_

k|sfzg ldlt M c;f]h, @)&@ k|sfzg k|lt M %)) k|lt ;xof]u M ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd

(MSFP)

pknAw x'g] :yfg M jg pBd dxfzfvf g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 6]s', sf7df08f}+ . kmf]g g+= $@^@)^! km\ofS; g+= $@^@))& Od]nM fed@fncci.org j]a;fO6M www.fnccifed.org.np

ljifo-;"rL != kl/ro======================================================================================================================================================= ! !=! k[i7e"ld================================================================================================================== ! !=@ sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] p2]Zo=========================================================================================== @ !=# sfo{qmd / ljifoj:t'================================================================================================= @ !=$ dxf;+3sf] cjwf/0ff ================================================================================================ @ !=% g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ff========================================================================================== # !=^ /fhgLlts k|ltj4tf ================================================================================================$ !=& jg pBf]u / ;~rf/ dfWod =======================================================================================$

@= jg;|f]t / lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;======================================================================================================= %

@=! jg If]q / jg k}bfjf/;DaGwL pBf]udf lghL If]qsf] cj;/===============================================% @=@ jg If]q / jg k}bfjf/;DaGwL pBf]udf lghL If]qsf gLltut r'gf}lt / ;dfwfg ==================( @=# jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'sf] lgof{t k|j4{gdf ljZjJofkL cjwf/0ff================================ !(

#= ;fd'lxs 5nkmnsf ljifox?====================================================================================================@@ #=! gLltut r'gf}lt ;dfwfgsf pkfox? ========================================================================= @@ #=@ ;+:yfut lhDd]jf/L / e"ldsf =================================================================================== @# #=# jg ljsf; sf]if====================================================================================================== @#

$= lgisif{=====================================================================================================================================================@$ %= uf]i7L Joj:yfkg / ;xeflutf====================================================================================================@% cg';"rL

cg';"rL cg';"rL cg';"rL cg';"rL cg';"rL

!M g]kfn ;/sf/책f/f g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt jg -kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)&@===== @^ @M jg gLlt @)&! M jgdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf ;DaGwL Joj:yf===========================@* #M sfo{qmd tflnsf=========================================================================================== @( $M ;xefuLsf] ;"rL ========================================================================================== #) %M sfo{qmdsf] emns =========================================================================================##

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

iv

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

1

1= kl/ro !=! k[i7e"ld

g]kfndf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] k'/fgf] Oltxf; /x]sf] 5 . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t cf}Bf]lus ljsf; / lgof{t k|j4{gsf dfWodaf6 /f]huf/L l;h{gf x'g'sf ;fy} /fli6«o cy{tGqsf] ljsf;df klg lg/Gt/ of]ubfg k'Ub} cfPsf] 5 . h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/, sfi7hGo x:tsnfsf j:t'x?, g]kfnL sfuh / o;af6 lgld{t j:t'x?, ;'ulGwt t]n, /]lhg, sTyf, e]lgo/ tyf KnfO{p8 / jghGo aLpx? g]kfnaf6 lgof{t x'g] s]xL d'Vo j:t'x? x'g\, h;sf] k|zf]wg tyf pTkfbgsf nflu lghL If]qn] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . To:t} :jb]zdf g} vkt x'g]u/L sf7df cfwfl/t j:t'x?sf] pTkfbg, jghGo kmnkm"naf6 h'; pTkfbg, jg k}bfjf/sf] k|zf]wgaf6 h}ljs sf]Onfsf] pTkfbg cflb cf}Bf]lus sfo{af6 klg lghL tyf cf}Bf]lus If]qn] :yfgLo / /fli6«o cy{tGqdf of]ubfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfndf s'n e\"ldsf] #(=^ k|ltzt /x]sf] jgIf]q s[lif If]q nufot ko{6g, jftfj/0f, h}ljs ljljwtf Pj+ ef}uf]lns ljsf; ;+/rgfsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . o; If]qaf6 pTkflbt sf7 bfp/f / h8Lj'6Lsf] ljs|Laf6 dfq jif]{gL sl/a @ c/a eGbf a9L /fh:j ;+sng eO{ cfPsf] 5 eg] oyfy{df jgIf]qsf] s]–slt cy{tGqdf of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f osLg eO{ g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgLsf ljifodf g]kfndf ;g\ @)!$ df ul/Psf] Pp6f

lj:t[t cWoogdf sf7, h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7, ko{6g nufotsf] jftfj/0fLo ;]jf / jghGo OGwgsf] If]qdf u/L nueu $! xhf/eGbf w]/} pBf]u tyf pBdx? ;+nUg /xFb} cfPsf 5g\ . oL pBf]ux?df lghL If]qsf] 7"nf] nufgL /x]sf] 5 / o; If]qn] lqmofzLn hg;+Vofsf] em08} !) k|ltztnfO{ k"0f{sflng ?kdf /f]huf/L lbb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfndf ljBdfg jg;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfg"gx?n] jgdf cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf;sf nflu dxTj lbPsf 5g\ . To:t} cf}Bf]lus gLlt tyf cf}Bf]lus sfg"gn] jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]unfO{ ljleGg ;x'lnot / ;'ljwfg lbg] lx;fjn] k|yd k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]usf] ?kdf /fv]sf] 5 . jfl0fHo gLlt / lgof{t;DaGwL sfg"gx?df klg jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t' lgof{tnfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbOPsf] 5 eg] g]kfn ;/sf/n] Jofjf;flos dxTjsf #) j6f h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/nfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f u/]sf] 5 . o;/L ;du|df jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u tyf lghL If]qn] /fli6«o cy{tGqdf 7"nf] of]ubfg ub}{ cfPsf] ePklg o; If]qdf s}of}+ gLltut / Jojxfl/s ;d:of tyf r'gf}ltx? l;h{gf eO/x]sf 5g\ . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf nflu k|of{Kt jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ gx'g', pBf]usf nflu ;xh ?kdf jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/ k;f/ x'g g;Sg', lghL jgsf jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng / cf];f/ k;f/df ;d]t em~eml6nf] aGb} hfg', cJofjxfl/s k|ltaGw / jftfj/0fLo dfkb08x? nfu' ul/g',

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

2

jg k}bfjf/sf] cf];f/ k;f/ / jg pBf]udf cJofjxfl/s s/ nufOg', jg k}bfjf/ k|zf]wg u/L tof/ ul/Psf j:t'x?sf] cf];f/ k;f/df Jofjwfg /xg' / jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t' lgof{tdf eG;f/, k|of]uzfnf / k|df0fLs/0fdf sl7gfO{ /xg' / cfjZos Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/L of]hgf, ;|f]t ;fwg tyf ;dGjo / Ps4f/f k|0ffnLsf] sdL x'g' h:tf ;d:ofx? o; If]qdf ljBdfg /x]sf] 5g\ . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf; / o;sf dfWodaf6 lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu ljBdfg /x]sf cj;/x?sf] pkof]u ub}{ cfuf8L a9\g cfjZos 5 . To;}n] o; If]qdf ljBdfg /x]sf gLltut tyf Jofjxfl/s ;jfnx?sf] ;Daf]wg ug{sf s] s:tf sfo{x? ug{ cfjZos 5 egL pBf]uL Jojf;foL, ;/sf/L clwsf/L, gLlt lgdf{tf, ;/f]sf/jfnf / lj1x?sf aLrdf 5nkmn u/L cfufdL /f0fgLlt to ug]{ p4]Zon] g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 / jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf] ;+ot' m cfof]hgfdf ldlt @)&@ ;fn efb| $ ut] sf7df08'df of] Ps lbg] /fli6«o sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ptm uf]i7Ldf g]kfn ;/sf/sf k|ltlglw / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?af6 JoQm k|ltj4tfnfO{ x]bf{ pQm p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu of] uf]i7L Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ kxnsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

To;}n] o; uf]i7Lsf cfwf/e"t ljifox?nfO{ ;d]6L of] k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

!=@ sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] p2]Zo

o; sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] d'Vo p2]Zo jg ;|f]tdf cfwfl/t cfly{s lbuf]kgfsf nflu jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] e"ldsfsf af/]df 5nkmn ug'{ /x]sf] lyof] eg] cGo ljz]if p2]Zox? lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M != jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u / jf If]qdf ;xeflutf / nufgLsf nflu g]kfndf s] s:tf cj;/x? /x]sf 5g\ eGg] af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ .

@= jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] If]qdf ljBdfg /x]sf gLltut ;jfnx? af/] 5nkmn u/L ;f]sf] ;dfwfgsf pkfox? klxrfg ug]{ / #= jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'x?sf] lgof{t k|j4{gdf Wofg lbg' kg]{ ljifox? af/] 5nkmn ub}{ ;dfwfgsf ;Defljt pkfox? af/] 5nkmn ug]{ .

!=# sfo{qmd / ljifoj:t'

sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] pb\3f6g k|d'v cltly jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqL dfggLo dx]z cfrfo{n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7Lsf] d'Vo sfo{qmd cGtu{t pb\3f6g ;q, sfo{kq k|:t'tL tyf ;f] pk/ lj1x?af6 l6Kk0fL, dfggLo jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqLaf6 dGtJo, sfo{kq / l6Kk0fL dfly ;xefuLx? aLr 5nkmn tyf cfufdL lbgdf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] If]qdf ljBdfg /x]sf ;jfn ;Daf]wgsf nflu ug'{kg]{ gLltut ;'wf/sf sfo{x?af/] ;'emfj tof/L / ;dfkg ;q /x]sf lyP . sfo{qmd / ljifoj:t'x? cg';"rL–@ df /x]sf 5g\ . o; uf]i7Ldf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 dfggLo jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqL dx]z cfrfo{, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf ;lrj dw' k|;fb /]UdL / ;f]xL dGqfno Pj+ cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf dGqfno tyf ljefu Pj+ dxfzfvfsf pRr kb:y ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? / ;/f]sf/jfnf lghL If]q / ;+3 ;+:yf Pj+ bft[ lgsfox?af6 ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ cf]xbfdf /x]sf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;xefuLx?sf] gfdfjnL cg';"rL–$ df /x]sf] 5 .

!=$ dxf;+3sf] cjwf/0ff

o; sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] pb\3f6g ;qsf] cWoIftf ug{'ePsf dxf;+3sf cWoIf >L kz'klt d'/f/sfn] jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] dfWodaf6 cfly{s lbuf]kgfsf nflu cjnDag ug'{kg]{ pkfox?sf af/]df dxf;+3sf] cjwf/0ff /fVg' eof] . dxf;+3sf] cjwf/0ff /fVg] qmddf

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u tyf cGo pBf]usf] ljsf; / cfly{s lbuf]kgfsf] nflu ;j{k|yd b]zdf lbuf] zflGt / cfly{s ljsf;d}qL ;+ljwfg cfjZos ePsf] s'/fdf ljz]if dxTj lbOPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L uf]i7Lsf] vf; ljifoj:t'df cjwf/0ff s]lGb|t ub}{ æxl/of] jg g]kfnsf] wgÆ eGg] pvfg k|rngdf /x] tfklg jg If]q / jg k}bfjf/sf] ;d'lrt\ / lbuf] ?kdf pkof]u x'g g;Sbf o;af6 cfzfltt\ cf}Bf]lus / cfly{s ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g, To;}n] jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u / cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug'{ g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] eGg] s'/fdf dxf;+3sf cWoIfaf6 ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/n] th'{df u/]sf] jg gLlt @)&! df jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nfufgLsf nflu k|f]T;fxg ul/g] gLlt lnPsf]df To;k|lt wGojfb lbb} o;sf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ dxf;+3 lqmoflzn /xg] / o; sfo{df dxf;+3 cGtu{t gj:yflkt jg pBd dxfzfvfn] ;dGjo ug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ul/Psf] lyof] . dxf;+3 cGtu{t gj:yflkt jg pBd dxfzfvfn] g]kfndf lbuf] / cfly{s ?kdf z;Qm lsl;dsf] jgdf cfwfl/t pBf]ux?sf] l;h{gf u/L cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n ug]{ b"/b[li6 lnPsf] 5 eg] ;|f]t ;fwg / ;"rgfn] ;DkGg eO{ s'zntfk"j{s Joj:yfkg / Joj;flos ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] u/L jgdf cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf; ug{df lghL If]qnfO{ g]t[Tj ug{ ;Sg] u/L clek|]l/t ub}{ jg k}bfjf/ / jftfj/0fLo ;]jfsf] lbuf] ?kdf Joj;foLs/0f ug{ ;3fpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 .

!=% g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ff

o; sfo{qmdsf] k|dv ' cltlysf] ?kdf /xg' ePsf jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqL dfggLo dx]z cfrfo{n] jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf;sf dfWodaf6 cfly{s lbuf]kgf / /fHosf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] lnPsf] gLltaf/] cfkm\gf] cjwf/0ff /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

k|dv ' cltlyaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] cGo If]qdf ;/x jg If]q / o;df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf;df lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfsf nflu ljz]if dxTj lbPsf]n] jg gLlt @)&! df lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgLsf nflu cnUu} / ljz]if Joj:yf ul/Psf] s'/fdf ljz]if dxTj lbOPsf] lyof] . To:t} jxfFn] vf;u/L jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg] u/L ;xhLs/0f ug{sf nflu dGqfno cGtu{t jg pBd tyf Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf :yfkgf u/L lghL If]qnfO{ ;d]t ;xof]u pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf]n] o;nfO{ cjz/sf] ?kdf ;b'kof]u ug{ klg cfu|x ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf tyf nufgL k|j4{g ug{ / jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf;sf nflu s] s:tf sl7gfO{x? /x]sf 5g\ / ;f]sf] s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf tyf nfugL k|j4{g ug{ / jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf;sf nflu s] s:tf sl7gfO{x? /x]sf 5g\ / ;f]sf] s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df dxf;+3n] lghL jgaf6 ;xh ?kdf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{sf nflu jg lgodfjnL @)%! df kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wg g]kfndf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf;sf nflu lghL jgaf6 cfk"lt{ x'g] jg k}bfjf/sf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . oBlk, lghL jgaf6 jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{df ljleGg sfg"gL sl7gfO{x? /x]sf]n] o;df ;/nLs/0f ug{sf nflu lghL jgwgL / jg pBf]uLx?n] g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf cfkm\gf] dfu /fVb} cfPsf lyP . To;}n] o; uf]li7df g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 pQm dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ k|ltj4tf hgfOPsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cg'?k g]kfnsf] jg lgodfjnL @)%! df ut @)&@.^.@% df kfFrf} ;+zf]wg u/L lghL jgaf6 ljleGg jg k}bfjf/sf] cfk"lt{ ubf{ 5f]8k"lh{ lng gkg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5, h'g s'/f o; uf]li7sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ pknAwLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . lghL jg ;DaGwL pQm ;+zf]lwt Joj:yf o; k|ltj]bgsf] cg';r " L–! df /x]sf] 5 .

3

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

4

:ki6 wf/0ff / sfo{of]hgf lnP/ cfPdf ;f]k|lt jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon] ljz]if dxTj lbO{ ;xof]u ug]{ k|ltj4tf hgfpFb} jxfFn] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] klg lghL If]q;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ tof/ /x]sf] s'/fdf hf]8 lbb} jg If]qdf lghL If]qnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] gLltsf] lghL If]qn] pT;fxsf ;fy ;b'kof]u ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] .

!=^ /fhgLlts k|ltj4tf

sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnaf6 ;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ dfggLo ;ef;bx?sf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;a} bnsf ;ef;bx?sf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] jftfj/0f ;ldltsf ;efklt hgs/fh rf}w/Ln] pQm ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgL clej[l4sf nflu k|ltj4tf hgfpFb} lgDg cjwf/0ff /fVg' ePsf] lyof] M n jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgL k|j4{g ug{sf nflu ljBdfg sfg"gx?df s'g} ;'wf/ ug'k{ g]{ ePdf To;sf nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;b / o;sf] jftfj/0f ;ldltn] cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ ] . n jg If]qdf sfo{/t lgsfox? / jg Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLx?sf aLrdf ;dGjosf] sdL /x]sf]n] cfufdL lbgdf ;dGjo a9fpg' kg]{ . n jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] nufgL a9fpgsf nflu jg ljsf; a}+ssf] :yfkgf klg ug{'kg]{ . n jg gLlt @)&! Df lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgLsf ljifodf ul/Psf Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L 9+un] sfof{Gjog ul/g' kg]{ .

n

jg ljgfz, rf]/L lgsf;L / jg If]qdf x'g] clgoldt sfo{sf] lgoGq0fsf nflu lghL If]qn] klg ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ .

!=& jg pBf]u / ;~rf/ dfWod

g]kfndf jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf Pj+ nufgL clej[l4 / jgdf cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf;df ;~rf/ If]qsf] klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . o; uf]i7Ldf jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] e"ldsfsf] ljifodf ePsf 5nkmnnfO{ klg ;j{;fwf/0f ;dIf Nofpgsf nflu ;~rf/ dfWodn] ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . o; sfo{qmdsf] af/]df cfFvLem\ofn;Fusf] ;xsfo{df Ps >Job[io sfo{qmd ag]sf] 5 eg] uf]i7Lsf af/]df ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWoddf k|sflzt ;dfrf/sf s]xL d'Vo c+zx? o;} k[i7df /x]sf 5g\ .

Aankhijhyal 935: National Workshop Documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyszaKsv3sU

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

@= jg;|f]t / lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; jg ;|f]tdf cfwfl/t cf}Bf]lus ljsf; / lgof{t k|j4{gn] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;df ;3fp k'U5 .

To;}n] o; sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf jg ;|f]tdf cfwfl/t lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu lghL If]qsf ;fd' s] s:tf cj;/x? /x]sf 5g\ / o;sf nflu gLltut txdf s] s:tf ;jfnx? ;Daf]wg ul/Pdf jg ;|f]tdf cfwfl/t lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf tLgj6f cjwf/0ffkqx?sf] k|:t'lt / ;f] pk/ 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . pQm cjwf/0ffkqx?sf] ;f/;+If]k / ;f] pk/ ePsf l6Kk0fL tyf 5nkmndf p7]sf d'Vo ljifox? lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

@=! jg If]q / jg k}bfjf/;DaGwL pBf]udf lghL If]qsf] cj;/

o; ljifodf 8f= e/t kf]v/]nåf/f k|:t't ul/Psf] sfo{kqdfly k"j{ cy{;lrj /fd]Zj/ vgfnaf6 l6Kk0fL ul/Psf] lyof] eg] ;xefuLx?af6 klg sfo{kqdfly ;'emfjx? /flvPsf] lyof] . jg If]q / k}bfjf/;DaGwL pBf]usf] ljsf;sf dfWodaf6 lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu lghL If]q ;dIf s] s:tf cj;/x? /x]sf 5g\ eGg] af/]df of] sfo{kq s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . sfo{kqn] jgdf lghL If]qsf] nufgLsf] ;Gbe{, o;df ;xof]u ug]{ ljleGg lgsfosf] e"ldsf, jgdf lghL If]q ;+nUg x'g ;Sg] cfwf/x?, jgdf lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtfn] l;h{gf x'g] /f]huf/LnfO{ klg sfo{kqdf dxTj lbOPsf] 5 .

-!_ d'Vo ;Gb]z jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgLsf nflu lgDg cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 M n jg If]q tyf k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t' / ;]jfsf] ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu nufgL cTofjZos 5 .

jg If]qdf lghL If]qnfO{ cfslif{t ug{sf nflu jgsf] gLlt ;xof]ufTds /x]sf] 5 . n jgdf cfwfl/t lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu lghL If]qsf] of]ubfg ckl/xfo{ /x]sf] 5 . n jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t cfly{s ljsf;sf dfWodaf6 slDtdf jflif{s !@ nfv dflg;x?nfO{ k"0f{sflng /f]huf/L ldNg ;S5 . n

-@_ jgdf nufgL / cfly{s ;|f]tsf] klxrfg / ahf/Ls/0f g]kfndf jgsf] 3gTj j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . ljutdf eGbf jg If]qsf] ;+/rgf / ;]jf w]/} lqmoflzn, ;dfj]zL / lghL If]qd}qL x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . jgdf :yfgLo ;d'bfo / :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu} lghL If]qsf] e"ldsfnfO{ klg jg gLltn] dfGotf lbPsf] 5 . ljleGg cWoog cg';f/ cf7 xhf/ jif{eGbf klxnf k[lYjsf] s"n e"–efusf] %) k|ltzt e"–efudf jg /x]sf] lyof], t/ cfh k[lYjsf] s"n e"–efusf] #) k|ltzt e"–efudf dfq jg /x]sf] 5 . o;n] jg ljgfzsf] b/ sfod} 5 eGg] b]vfpF5 . g]kfndf klg ljZj vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7gn] u/sf] ljutsf] s}of}+ cWoogx?n] jg ljgfz ePsf] b]vfPsf] lyof] . t/ xfn}sf u'un cy{ Dofkx? x]l/of] eg] g]kfndf jgsf] 3gTjdf lg/Gt/ j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] g]kfndf jgsf dfWodaf6 lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] Pp6f 7"nf] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f lgDg tYox?af6 k'li6 x'G5 M n clxn];Dd g]kfndf jgsf] cfly{s of]ubfg nueu * k|ltzt dfq ePsf] eP tfklg lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtfdf of] k|ltzt a9fpg ;lsG5 . n ljut s]xL jif{b]lv lghL jgaf6 sf7sf] cfk"lt{df pNn]Vo j[l4 ePsf] 5 . n sf7 / jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'x?sf] ahf/df pRr dfu /x]sf] 5 .

5

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

6

n jg

k}bfjf/sf] sd pkof]u x'g' g} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] r'gf}lt xf] .

-#_ jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] e"ldsf, lhDd]jf/L / clwsf/ n g]kfnsf]

jg ;/sf/, ;d'bfo / lghL If]q u/L tLgj6} kIfn] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;S5g\ . n jg gLlt @)&! df ul/Psf lgDg Joj:yfx? jg If]qdf lghL If]qnfO{ cfslif{t ug{sf nflu lgs} dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ M

p2]ZoM

jg If]qsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g Pj+ Joj:yfkgdf lghL If]qnfO{ ;d]t ;+nUg u/fO{ cfo cfh{g tyf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ .

gLlt M lghL If]qnfO{ jg ljsf; tyf lj:tf/df ;+nUg u/fpFb} jghGo pBdsf] k|j4{g, pTkfbgsf] ljljwLs/0f / ahf/Ls/0faf6 d"No clej[l4 / xl/t /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{ . /0fgLltM lghL If]q ;d]tsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf jgsf] k'g:yf{kgf tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{, jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg a9fO{ ;xh cfk"lt{sf] nflu k|f]T;flxt ug]{, jg k}bfjf/sf] d"No clej[l4 u/L lgof{t ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{, jghGo pBdsf] ljsf; ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{, lghL If]q;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf nufgL k|j4{g u/L jghGo pBf]u / Joj;fosf] :yfkgf, ljsf; / lj:tf/nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ .

-gf]6M jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfsf nflu jg gLlt @)&! df ul/Psf] Joj:yfnfO{ cg';"rL– @ df /flvPsf] 5 ._ n

jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgL a9fpgsf nflu cGo If]qut gLltx? h:tM jg /0fgLlt, h}ljs ljljwtf /0fgLlt, e"–pkof]u gLlt, s[lif gLlt, h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ gLlt, a}slNks phf{ /0fgLlt, /]8Kn; /0fgLlt, hnjfo' kl/jt{g gLlt, cf}Bf]lus gLlt, jfl0fHo gLlt, sfj{g pT;h{g Go"gLs/0f gLlt, /fli6«o ;+/If0f gLlt, dfgj ;|ft] ljsf; /0fgLlt cflb ljleGg gLlt tyf /0fgLltx?sf aLrdf klg ;d~h:otf x'g' cfjZos 5 .

-$_ jgsf dfWodaf6 lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu lghL If]qn] of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] If]qx? tn plNnlvt sfo{x? ug{sf] nflu lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgLsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 M n xfn g]kfndf s"n e"ldsf] #(=^ k|ltztdf /x]sf] jgIf]qnfO{ ;g\ @)@% ;Dddf $) k|ltztdf e"–efudf jg sfod ul/ @# xhf/ x]S6/ gofF jg l;h{gf ug]{gLlt /x]sf] 5 . n xfn nueu %% xhf/ x]S6/ jg lghL jgsf] ?kdf Joj:yfkg eO/x]sf] 5 / o;sf] /fd|f]u/L lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsPdf ;g\ @)@% ;Dddf lghL jgsf] ?kdf @ nfv x]S6/ jg Joj:yfkg x'g ;S5 . n clxn] nueu $) k|ltzt jg ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jgsf] ?kdf Joj:yfkg eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] klg /fd|f]u/L Joj:yfkg lj:tf/ ul/Pdf ;g\ @)@% ;Dddf ^) k|ltzt jg o; k4lt cGtu{t cfpg ;S5, h;sf dfWodaf6 yk @ nfv x]S6/ jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg x'g ;S5 . n xfn sfod /x]sf] jg ljgfzsf] b/ -jflif{s )=$$ k|ltzt_ nfO{ cfufdL ;g\ @)@% ;Dddf t/fO{ tyf leqL dw]zdf %) k|ltzt -jflif{s )=)% k|ltzt_ / dWo kxf8df @% k|ltzt sd ug{ ;lsPdf yk @ nfv x]S6/ jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 . n dfly pNn]v ul/P cg';f/ jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsPdf ;g\ @)@% ;Dddf h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] xfnsf] lgof{t kl/0ffdnfO{ a9fO{ jflif{s nueu !* nfv 6g k'¥ofpg ;lsg], jg If]qaf6 l;h{gf x'g] /f]huf/Lsf] b/nfO{ bf]Aa/ ug{ ;lsg], jg;|f]tdf cfwfl/t /x]/ xfn 3/w'/Ln] cfh{g ub}{ cfPsf] cfonfO{ u|fld0f If]qdf k|lt3/w'/L jflif{s & xhf/ k'¥ofpg ;lsg], jgdf sfj{gsf] ;l~rlt b/nfO{ @) k|ltzt;Dd a9fpg ;lsg], xfnsf] jg k}bfjf/sf] cfoft b/nfO{ z'Godf emfg{ ;lsg] / s"n u|fx:Yo pTkfbgdf jg If]qsf] of]ubfg &=% k|ltzt;Dd k'¥ofpg ;lsg] ;Defjgf /xG5 .

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

n jgsf]

lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;g\ @)@% ;Dddf ;fe]mbf/L jgsf] xfnsf] )=(# k|ltztnfO{ $ k|ltzt, sa'lnotL jgsf] xfnsf] )=&# k|ltztnfO{ !=% k|ltztdf k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 . n lghL If]qsf] ;d]t ;xeflutfdf jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsPdf jg k}bfjf/sf] jflif{s ;l~rlt b/ / jflif{s j[l4b/ klg xfnsf] eGbf @% k|ltztn] a9fpg ;lsG5 / o;af6 ;g\ @)@% ;Dddf sf7sf] jflif{s cfk"lt{ b/ !@ nfv ;LPkm\6L;Dd k'Ug ;S5 . n jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsPsf] v08df xfnsf] ;+/lIft If]qnfO{ ga9fO{ jgdf g} h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf] b/ a9fpg ;lsG5, h;af6 rf]/L lzsf/Ldf lgoGq0f eO{ u}8f, xflQ / af3sf] xfnsf] ;+Vofdf %) k|ltzt;Dd j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 . jg Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLx? ;/sf/L jg lghL ;fd'bflos

clwsf/sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 5jL pRr Go"g pRr dWod Go"g pRr

n

lghL If]q / ;d'bfosf] ;d]t ;xsfo{ sfod ug{ ;lsPdf ;g\ @)@% ;Dddf rf/j6f lrl8ofvfgf / !% j6f;Dd af]6flgsn uf8]g{ yk u/L cfGtl/s kof{ko{6g a9fpg ;lsG5 . n lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf j[l4 ug{ ;lsPdf xfnsf hnfwf/ If]qsf] x}l;ot ;'wf/ u/L slDtdf %) j6f lhNnfdf /x]sf @) k|ltzt hnfwf/nfO{ jftfj/0fLo ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{df n}hfg ;lsG5 .

-%_ jg If]qdf nufgL, cfly{s nfe / /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf nflu ljBdfg jftfj/0f jg If]q / o;df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf;df lghL If]qsf] nufgL lj:tf/ / To;af6 nfe k|fKt ug{sf nflu g]kfnsf] ;du| gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ lgDg cj:yf b]lvG5 M

kof{j/0fLo bfloTj lgjf{x Go"g dWod pRr

cfly{s /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf] ;DefJotf ;Defjgf pRr pRr pRr pRr pRr pRr

-^_ jg If]qsf dfWodaf6 lghL If]qn] l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg] xl/t /f]huf/L lghL If]qn] jg If]qsf dfWodaf6 lgDg cg';f/sf xl/t /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug{ ;Sb5 M /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{ If]qx? kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL / kof{j/0f tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg

dfgj ;|f]t, ;dfh / cy{tGq

Go"g sfj{g k|ljlw

/f]huf/L l;h{gf x'g] sfo{x?

• kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf] k"g/:yfkgf ug]{ .

• kof{j/0f tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug]{ .

• phf{ tyf sRrf kbfy{ sd vkt ug]{ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug]{ .

• kmf]x/d}nf sd ug]{ / k|b'if0f sd ug]{ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug]{ .

• xl/tu[x UofF; pT;h{g sdL Nofpg] .

• ul/jx?sf] nflu /f]huf/L l;h{gf / ul/jL Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .

• sfdsf nflu cfjZos dfkb08 k'/f ug]{ .

• ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f / n}lËs zzQmLs/0f ug]{ .

• jg ;|f]t ;+sng tyf k|zf]wgdf Go"g sfj{g pT;h{g ug{] { k|ljlwnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ .

7

8

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

-&_ jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf k|j4{gdf ;xof]u lgDg lgsfo tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] lghL If]qnfO{ jg Joj:yfkg / jg ;|f]tdf cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf;df ;3fpg ;Sb5g\ M Enablers

Different government and non government agencies Producers Association

Federation of Industries/ enterprises Consumer associations

Service Providers Service Providers

Value chain Actors

Contractors

Forest Producers

Retailers

Industrial consumers

Microfinance /Cooperatives/Banks Equipment Manufacturers

Business Development Service Providers

-*_ jg If]q / jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg tTsfn ug'k{ g]{] sfo{x? n jg

Wholesalers

Processors

Domestic Consumers

ljsf; sf]if / jg;DaGwL kl/ifb\sf] dfWodaf6 jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu lghL If]q Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]uL aGg ;S5 . o;sf nflu jg ljsf; sf]if / jg kl/ifb\sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ d"t?{ k lbg' cfjZos 5 . n jg If]qdf ax';/f]sf/jfnf cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; ePtf klg o;df lghL If]qsf]

Legend:

Material and fund flows

Fund flows

Material and technology

Service flows Representation/Advice

zzQm ;xeflutf / e"ldsf g/x]sf]n] lghL If]qsf] zzQm ;xeflutf / e"ldsf ;lxtsf] ax';/f]sf/jfnf ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf / lqmoflzntf cfjZos 5 . n jg If]qsf] of]hgf th'{df, ah]6 ljlgof]hg / lg0f{o k|lqmofdf /x]sf] xfnsf] lghL If]qsf] e"ldsfnfO{ yk zzQm agfpg' k5{ . n jg If]q / jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] If]qdf lqmoflzn lghL If]qn] cfk\mgf] xfnsf] 5jLnfO{ ;'wf/ u/L lglZrt\ ;doleqdf :jR5tf sfod ug'{k5{ .

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

sfo{kqdfly l6Kk0fL

o; sfo{kqdfly k"j{ cy{;lrj /fd]Zj/ vgfnn] lgDg l6Kk0fLx? ug'{ ePsf] lyof] M n g]kfnsf]

jg ;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfg"g / cGo If]qut sfg"g tyf gLltx?n] jg If]q / jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf;df lghL If]qnfO{ cfsif{0f ug{sf nflu s}of}+ /fd|f Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 / o;sf nflu ;sf/fTds jftfj/0fsf] klg l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . n oBlk, ;sf/fTds jftfj/0f, 7"nf] cj;/ / k[i7e"ld tof/ 5 eg]/ dfq k'Ub}g . o;sf nflu sfof{Gjogsf] txdf /x]sf b]Vbf ;–;fgf ;jfn h:tf] nfUg], t/ To:t} s}of}+ gLltut / sfg"gL emd]nfn] ubf{ jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]ux? cuf8L a9\g g;s]sf] x'bF f o;sf] cNksflng / bL3{sflng ?kdf ;dfwfg ub}{ hfg'k5{ . n jgsf dfWodaf6 cfly{s ljsf; ug{sf nflu 9f]sfdf r's'n nufP/ aGb]h nufO{ e\mofnaf6 lg:sg] / 3/f{af6 x'Gg eGg] s'/f lg:sg] kl/kf6Lsf] cGTo ul/g' k5{ . jgdf cfwfl/t cfly{s ljsf;df km8\sf] dfg{sf nflu k|zf;gtGqdf klg dfgl;s kl/jt{g / cfd"n ;'wf/x? x'g' cfjZos 5 . n nufgLsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ nlrnf] /fh:j gLlt klg to x'g'k5{ . o;sf nflu ;/sf/n] ;xh ?kdf nufgL nufpg] u/L C0f tyf cg'bfg lbg] / sf]ifx? kl/rfng ug]{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'{ cfjZos 5 . n jg ljsf; sf]ifnfO{ Jojxfl/s ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug'{klg nufgL h'6fpg] Pp6f pko'Qm pkfo xf] . n lghL If]qsf nflu jgdf nufgL nufpg / jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg u/L pBf]udf cfk"lt{ ug{ ;fj{hlgs hUuf, gbL psf; hUuf / lghL hUufx? ;d]t /x]sf 5g\, h;sf] ;b'kof]u x'g' cfjZos 5 .

n ;fd'bflos

jgsf sf/0f jgsf] pTkfbsTj a9]sf] 5 eg] ufO{j:t'sf] cfxf/sf] nueu $) k|ltzt lx:;f jg If]qaf6 g} cfk"lt{ eO/x]sf]n] jgnfO{ s[lif / kz'kfng;Fu klg hf]8]/ x]g'{k5{ . n lghL If]q, :yfgLo ;d'bfo / :yfgLo lgsfosf aLrdf s;/L ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ eGg] s'/f lgs} dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf]n] o;df ;/sf/n] ;xhLs/0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

@=@ jg If]q / jg k}bfjf/;DaGwL pBf]udf lghL If]qsf gLltut r'gf}lt / ;dfwfg

g]kfndf jg If]q / jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf; tyf lgof{t k|j4{gdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgL a9fpgsf nflu gLltut ?kdf cg's"n jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . oBlk, o; If]qdf cem}klg s}of} yk gLltut tyf sfg"gL sdL sdhf]/Lx? ljBdfg /x]sf]n] To;df ;do ;fk]If ?kdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] o; uf]i7Ldf bf];|f] sfo{kqsf] ?kdf clwjQmf lbn/fh vgfnaf6 jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] lbuf]kgfsf gLltut ;jfn / ;dfwfgsf pkfox? ljifodf sfo{kq k|:t't ePsf] lyof] . sfo{kqdf k|:t't ul/Psf d'Vo gLltut ;jfn, ;f]sf] ;dfwfgsf pkfo / o;sf nflu lhDd]jf/ lgsfon] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ e"ldsfx? lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

-!_ pBf]usf nflu jg k}bfjf/sf] Joj:yfkg jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] lbuf]kgfsf nflu jg k}bfjf/sf] lbuf] cfk"lt{ Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] . To;}n] o:tf pBf]usf] lbuf]kgfsf] nflu lbuf] ?kdf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ k|yd dxTjsf] ljifo ePklg o; If]qdf lgDg cg';f/sf gLltut ;jfnx? ljBdfg /x]sf]n] ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 ;f]sf] lbuf] ?kdf ;dfwfg x'g' cfjZos x'G5 M

9

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

10

ljBdfg gLltut ;jfn pTkfbgM g]kfnaf6 lgoldt ?kdf lgof{t x'Fb} cfPsf t'ngfTds nfesf j:t'x? -h8La'6L, g]kfnL sfuh, ;'ulGwt t]n, Ro"/Lsf] 3Lp, sTyf, e]lgo/, ?v lj?jfsf aLp ljhg cflb_ sf] pTkfbgsf nflu To:tf jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg x'g] u/L jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{qmd gx'g' . ;+sngM hl8a'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ ;+sngsf nflu ;+sng;DaGwL c;n cEof; dfu{bz{g (GACP) sf] /fli6«o dfu{bz{g e/v/} th'{df ePsf] / ;f] cg';f/ k|hfltut dfu{bz{g tof/ gePsf] . k|ltaGw M Jofkfl/s dxTjsf h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/x?sf] ;+sng, cf];f/ k;f/, ljqmL ljt/0f / lgof{tdf ca}1flgs ?kdf k|ltaGw nufOg' . s'g k|hfltdf k|ltjGw nufpg] / s'g v'nfpg] eGg] s'/f lglZrt\ dfkb08sf cfwf/df eGbfklg ;/sf/sf] :jljj]sLo lg0f{odf lge{/ /x]sf] .

dWojlt{ If]q, r'/] If]q / ;+/If0f If]q nufotsf ;+/lIft If]qdf sf7, hl8a'6L / u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ k|z:t ePklg To;sf] ;+sngsf] af/]df :ki6tfsf] sdL x'g' . -lxdfnL ;+/lIft If]qsf] h8La'6L ;+sng Dofb jif{df #) lbg dfq_ of]hgfM jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf nflu sf7 nufotsf sRrf kbfy{ cfk"lt{sf] Pp6f d'Vo If]q ;fd'bflos jg ePsf] / ;fd'bflos jgsf sfo{of]hgf k|foM % jif{sf dfq ePsf] / ;dodf sfo{of]hgf kl/dfh{g x'g g;Sbf pBf]un] jg k}bfjf/ k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] . sRrf kbfy{sf] cefj x'g uO{ aGb x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf pBf]usf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu To:tf pBf]usf nflu sRrf kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ lsl;dsf jg k}bfjf/sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ / lghL hUufdf ;d]t To:tf jg k}bfjf/sf] ljsf; ug]{tkm{ :ki6 sfo{qmdsf] cefj /x]sf] .

;dfwfgsf pkfox? g]kfnn] lgoldt ?kdf lgof{t ub}{ cfPsf jgdf cfwfl/t t'ngfTds nfesf j:t'x? pTkfbgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ jg k}bfjf/sf] lbuf]kgfsf] nflu ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg / k|ljlws ;xof]u ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . ljleGg k|fb]lzs txdf jg k}bfjf/sf] Go"gtd d"No;"rL ;lxtsf Jofkfl/s s]Gb|x? :yfkgf ug]{ .

Jofj;foLs/0fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu k|fyldsLs/0fdf /flvPdf ;a} -#) j6f_ k|hfltx?sf] nflu ;+sng;DaGwL c;n cEof; dfu{bz{gsf] th'{df u/L k|rf/–k|;f/ / Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'{kg]{ / ;+/If0fsf ;fy} Jofkfl/s cj:yf ;d]t x]/]/ of] ;"rL k"g/fjnf]sg ug'{kg]{ . s'g k|hfltdf k|ltjGw nufpg] / s'g v'nfpg] eGg] s'/f lglZrt\ dfkb08sf cwf/df dfq lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . k|ltjlGwt t/ Jofkfl/s dxTjsf h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/x?nfO{ lghL hldgdf v]lt u/L pTkfbg u/]df ;f]sf] k|df0fLs/0f ug]{ Joj:yf u/L lgof{t k|j4{g ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . -h:t} M DofUbLsf] l6d'/ k|df0fLs/0f_ dWojlt{ If]q, r'/] If]q / ;+/If0f If]q nufotsf ;+/lIft If]qdf /x]sf sf7, hl8a'6L / u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/nfO{ klg lbuf] ?kdf, lglZrt\ ;dodf / lglZrt\ kl/df0fdf ;+sng ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . ;a} ;fd'bflos jgsf sfo{of]hgfsf] cjwL !) jif{sf] x'g] u/L sfo{of]hgf agfpg' kg]{u/L ;fd'bflos jgsf lgb]{lzsf / dfu{bz{gdf kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{ / o;sf nflu k|ofKt ah]6 ljlgof]hg / dfgjLo ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . vf;u/L vo/, vf]6f], g]kfnL sfuh cflb pTkfbgsf nflu sRrf kbfy{sf] cefj x'Fb} uPsf]n] o:tf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] cl:tTj /Iffsf nflu sRrf kbfy{ pTkfbg x'g]u/L jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{qmdnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbg]u/L ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ .

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

;+sng cg'dltM jgdf cfwfl/t pBf]u tyf sDkgL jf ;xsf/L g} ;~rfng gu/]sf jf gePsf JolQmnfO{ klg ;+sng cg'dlt lbg] jf 6]08/ k|lqmofdf efu lng kfpg] Joj:yfn] jf:tljs pBf]uLnfO{ sRrf kbfy{ kfpgdf ;d:of k/]sf] . n jg If]qaf6 p7]sf] /fh:jsf] lglZrt\ c+z jg Joj:yfkg / k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbgdf nufpg] af/]df gLltut / sfg"gL :ki6tf g/x]sf] . n jg ljsf; sf]ifsf gfddf ;+slnt /sd ;/sf/ cfkm}n] klg pkof]u gu/]sf] / lghL If]qnfO{ klg pkof]u ug{ glbPsf] .

jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u, sDkgL jf ;xsf/L btf{ u/L ;~rfng ul//x]sf pBf]u, sDkgL jf ;xsf/LnfO{ dfq jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng cg'dlt lbg] jf 6]08/ k|lqmofdf efu lng kfpg] u/L jg lgodfjnL @)%! / jg If]qsf lgb]l{ zsfx?Dff ;+zf]wg ug] { . n jg k}bfjf/ / jg pBf]uaf6 p7]sf] /fh:jsf] lglZrt\ k|ltzt /sd jg k}bfjf/sf] lbuf] pTkfbgdf nufpg] u/L cfly{s P]gdf Joj:yf ug'k{ g] { . n jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu ax';/f]sf/jfnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]u/L lghL If]qnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbg] Joj:yf ug]{ / o;df sf7 ljqmLstf{ / vl/bstf{ ;a} kIfsf] of]ubfg x'g] Joj:yf ug]{ .

-@_ pBf]usf nflu sa'lnolt jg g]kfnsf] jg;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfg"gdf pBf]usf nflu sa'lnolt jg pknAw u/fpgsf nflu ljleGg Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . pQm Joj:yf cg';f/ u'0f:t/o'Qm jg k|fKt ug{ / To;af6 ;dodf g} pBf]usf nflu cfjZos kg]{ jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ x'g g;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf]n] o; ljifodf yk :ki6 Joj:yf ug'k{ g]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 M

ljBdfg gLltut ;jfn n lghL

If]qnfO{ jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg a9fpgsf nflu sa'lnotL jg pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ePklg cfjZos u'0f:t/ / dfqfdf jg If]q pknAw x'g g;s]sf] . n lghL If]qnfO{ lbO{g] sa'lnotL jgsf] z'Ns klg dx+uf] / cJofjxfl/s /x]sf] .

;dfwfgsf pkfox? n

g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghL If]qnfO{ s'g s'g 7fpFsf] / s:tf] jg If]q s'a'lnotLdf lbg ;S5 egL :ki6 ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs ug]{ Joj:yf u/L To:tf jgx?sf] ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{ . n sa'lnotL jgsf] z'Ns 36fpg' kg]{ / sa'lnotL jgn] pTkfbg lbg z'? u/]kl5 pTkfbg / d'gfkmfsf cfwf/df dfq z'Ns nufpg] Joj:yf ug'k{ g] { .

-#_ h8La'6L Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] juL{s/0f h8La'6L Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] juL{s/0f ubf{ a}1flgs / Jofjxfl/s ?kdf gul/Psf]n] o;af6 jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] s/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ / lgsf;L ubf{ eG;f/df kfpg] ;'ljwfdf ;d]t k|efj kg]{ ePsf]n] o; ljifodf lgDg cg';f/ ;'wf/ ug'{ cfjZos 5 M

ljBdfg gLltut ;jfn jg lgodfjnL @)%! sf] cg';"rL # / ^ df hl8a'6L Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] ;"rLs/0f ubf{ cJojxfl/s lsl;dn] ;"rLs/0f ul/Psf] .

;dfwfgsf pkfox? n

jg lgodfjnL @)%! sf] cg';r " L # nfO{ lgoldt kl/dfh{g ug'k{ g]{ / hl8a'6Lsf] ?kdf /x]sf cg';rL ^ df /x]sf jg:kltnfO{ cg';r " L # df g} n}hfg' kg]{

11

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

12

-$_ sf7df cfwfl/t pBf]udf sf7 cfk"lt{ g]kfndf sf7df cfwfl/t pBf]ux?n] g} ;a}eGbf w]/} gLltut tyf sfg"gL sl7gfO{x? Joxf]b}{ cfPsf 5g\ . To;}n] o:tf pBf]ux?sf] em]Nb} cfPsf sl7gfO{ ;dfwfgsf nflu lgDg cg';f/ ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf 5 M ljBdfg gLltut ;jfn

;dfwfgsf pkfox?

sf7df cfwfl/t pBf]ux?n] ;/sf/L / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg u/L b'a} lsl;dsf jgaf6 sf7 k|fKt ug]{ k|lqmof ckf/bzL{ / cJofjxfl/s lsl;dsf] /x]sf]n] sf7df cfwfl/t pBf]usf nflu cfjZos kg]{ sf7 :jb]zdf pknAw x'g g;sL ljb]zaf6 cfoft ug'{ kl//x]sf] .

n ;a}

sf7sf] :t/ lgwf{/0f dfkb08 (grading norms) cToGt cJofjxfl/s, ca}1flgs / c;lhnf] ePsf]n] sf7sf] d"No lgwf{/0f / laqmL ljt/0fdf hf]lvd l;h{gf ePsf] .

xfnsf] sf7sf] :t/ lgwf{/0f dfkb08 (grading norms) sf] ;§fdf sf7nfO{ b'O{j6f :t/df dfq ljefhg u/L pRr u'0f:t/sf] sf7nfO{ Pp6f :t/ / afFsL ;a} sf7nfO{ csf]{ :t/df ljefhg ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ / o; ljifodf pko'Qm Joj:yf l;kmfl/; ug{ Pp6f :jtGq sfo{bn agfpg] . /fli6«o jg cGtu{tsf ;a} jgx?af6 cfk"lt{ x'g] sf7sf] Ps} lsl;dsf] / lghL jgaf6 cfk"lt{ x'g] sf7sf] csf]{ Ps lsl;dsf] 5f]8k"lh{ x'g'kg]{ .

ljleGg jg Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLaf6 cfk"lt{ x'g] sf7sf] 5f]8k"hL{sf 9fFrf cnu cnu ePsf]]n] sf7 cf];f/–k;f/df ;d:of /x]sf] .

lsl;dsf jgx?af6 pTkfbg x'g] sf7x?dWo] lglZrt\ k|ltzt sf7 Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu ahf/df k|jfx ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . n ;/sf/L ;+oGqx?af6 Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu sf7 Jofkf/ ug]{ Joj:yfsf] cGTo ug'{kg]{

-%_ lghL jgsf] jg k}bfjf/ s6fg, ljqmL ljt/0f / cf];f/ k;f/ lghL jgn] jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf nflu cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbfy{sf] Pp6f 7"nf] lx:;f cf]u6]sf] ePklg lghL jgaf6 jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ug{df ljleGg sfg"gL / sfo{ljlwut sl7gfO{ /x]sf]n] o;df lgDg cg';f/ ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 M

ljBdfg gLltut ;jfn ls;fgn] cfˆgf] lghL hldg, kfl/jfl/s jg, lghL jgdf nufPsf ljleGg hftsf ?vx? s6fg u/L laqmL ug{sf nflu lh=lj=;=, lhNnf jg sfof{no, /]~hkf]i6 / uf=lj=;=÷gkf ;d]tsf] cg'dltsf nflu nfdf] sfuhL k|s[of ckgfpg' kg]{ / ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf]n] lghL jgsf] ?v s6fg u/L cfwf/e"t cfjZostf ;d]t k'/f x'g g;s]sf] .

;dfwfgsf pkfox? n k|ltalGwt

k|hflt afx]s cGo k|hfltsf] xsdf uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsfsf] k|fljlws sd{rf/Ln] :ynut ;h{ldg u/L cg'dlt lbg] / ;f]xL cg'dltsf cfwf/df ?v 5kfg s6fg ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ug] { . n lghL hldg, kfl/jfl/s jg, lghL jgdf nufPsf ?vx?nfO{ s[lif pkh ;/x dfGg] Joj:yf u/L ;f]xL cg';f/ kl/rfng ug{ kfpg] / s/ ;d]t glng] Joj:yf ug] { . n kmnkm"nhGo ?vx?af6 tof/ ul/Psf sf7sf] cf];f/ k;f/ ubf{ 5f]8k"lh{ grflxg] Joj:yf ug]{

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

-^_ jg k}bfjf/sf] ;+sng cg'dlt, 5f]8k'hL{, cf];f/ k;f/ / r]shfFr jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtfdf sl7gfO{ l;h{gf ug]{ ljleGg ljifo dWo] jg k}bfjf/sf] ;+sng cg'dlt, 5f]8k'hL{, cf];f/ k;f/ / r]shfFr h:tf ljifo klg x'g\ . To;}n] o; oL ljifodf ljBdfg /x]sf lgDg ;d:ofx?sf] ;Daf]wg x'g' cfjZos 5 M ljBdfg gLltut ;jfn

;dfwfgsf pkfox?

s'g jg k}bfjf/ jflif{s ?kdf slt pTkfbg x'G5 eGg] af/]df lhNnfut÷k|fb]lzs ?kdf cflwsfl/s tYof+s /fVg] Joj:yf gx'g' . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]un] nfdf] cjwLsf nflu sRrf kbfy{ cfk"lt{sf] ;'lglZrttf rfx]klg pBf]unfO{ sRrf kbfy{ ;+sngsf nflu lgs} 5f]6f] cjwLsf] cg'dlt lbbf To;af6 pBf]un] b[3sflng of]hgf agfpg / sfof{Gjog ug{ gkfpg] cj:yf /x]sf] . jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng cg'dlt kq lbbf Pp6} If]qdf Ps} lsl;dsf] jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng ug{ w]/} pBf]u jf sDkgLnfO{ lbbf ljjfb l;h{gf eO{ ;+sngdf g} ;d:of x'g] u/]sf] . ;+slnt jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/ k;f/sf nflu t/fO{, kxf8 / pRr kxf8sf lhNnf tyf ;'ud / b'ud{ If]qdf Ps} lsl;dsf] cjwL lgwf{/0f u/L 5f]8k'hL{ lbg] Joj:yf ul/Psf]n] 5f]8k'hL{sf] cjwL sd tyf cJojxfl/s /x]sf] . n sRrf kbfy{sf] ?kdf /x]sf] sf7, h8La'6L / u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/ k;f/ u/L pBf]u;Dd n}hfgsf nflu :ki6 Joj:yf gePsf] / ePsf] Joj:yfsf] af/]df sd{rf/LnfO{ g} hfgsf/L gx'g' . n jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/ k;f/ ubf{ w]/} 7fpFdf ljleGg r]skf]i6df r]s hfFr u/fpg], b/kL7 u/fpg' kg]{ h:tf cEof; / Joj:yfn] jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ cToGt sl7gfO{ ePsf] .

s'g jg k}bfjf/ slt;Dd pTkfbg x'g ;S5 eGg] lhNnfut÷k|fb]lzs jg;|f]t ;j]{If0fsf cfwf/df dfq ;+sng cg'dlt lbg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf nflu cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbfy{ -vf;u/L sf7, vo/, vf]6f], nf]Stf, h8La'6L cflb_ ;+sngsf nflu nfdf] cjwLsf] ;+sng cg'dlt lbg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . s'g If]qdf s'g jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng ug{ sltj6f / s'g s'g pBf]u jf sDkgLnfO{ cg'dlt lbg] eGg] af/]df kf/blz{tf / :ki6tf sfod ug{sf nflu cnUu} sfo{ljlw agfpg' ug'{kg]{ . jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/ k;f/sf nflu lbOg] 5f]8k'hL{sf] cjwL cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g @)$( df lgwf{l/t If]qnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL t/fO{, kxf8 / pRr kxf8 Pj+ ;'ud / b'u{d If]qsf nflu cnu cnu cjwL nfu' x'g] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng÷3f6ul4÷hDdf u/]sf] :yfgaf6 ;jf/L ;fwgdf /fv]kl5 ;f]xL :yfgdf g} jg sfof{non] zLnaGbL ug]{ / ;f] jg k}bfjf/ k'¥ofpg] 7fpF;Dd hfFbf af6f]df kg]{ r]skf]i6n] pQm zLnaGbL / ;f]xL cg';f/sf sfuhftnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL uGtJo;Dd cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ lbg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ .

13

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

14

-&_ jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t eO{ pTkfbg ul/Psf j:t'x?sf] cf];f/ k;f/ jg k}bfjf/ k|zf]wg u/L pTkfbg ul/Psf j:t'x?sf] cf];f/ k;f/df klg ljleGg lgsfox?sf aLr ;dGjosf] sdL / sfg"gL ;r]tgfsf] sdLsf sf/0f ;d:ofx? cfO{kg]{ ePsf]n] o; If]qdf ljBdfg /x]sf lgDg ;d:ofx? klg ;dfwfg x'g' cfjZos 5 M ljBdfg gLltut ;jfn jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t' -h:t} M g]kfnL sfuh, h';, ;'ulGwt t]n, Ro"/Lsf] Wo", eL/] df}/Lsf] dx, h8La'6L k|zf]wg u/L tof/ ul/Psf] sRrf kfp8/ jf w'nf] jf d;nf, jg:kltaf6 agfPsf w'k cflb_ sf] cf];f/ k;f/ ubf{ jg;DaGwL r]skf]i6n] r]shfFrsf gfddf cj/f]w ;[hgf ug]{ u/]sf] . g]kfnL xft] sfuh pBf]un] pBf]u /x]sf] :yfgaf6 ko{6s÷Jofkf/LnfO{ laqmL u/]sf] lan÷ljhsnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL sfuh cGo 7fpFdf n}hfg dfGotf glbOPsf] .

;dfwfgsf pkfox? jg k}bfjf/ k|zf]wg jf cw{k|zf]wg u/L tof/ ul/Psf j:t' jf pBf]udf k|zf]lwt jg k}bfjf/sf] cf];f/ k;f/ ubf{ jg;DaGwL r]skf]i6n] /f]s nufpg gkfpg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ .

g]kfnL sfuh pTkfbg ug{] pBf]un] pBf]u /x]sf] :yfgaf6 ko{6s Pj+ Jofkf/LnfO{ sfuh laqmL u/]sf] lan÷ljhsnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL sfuh cGo 7fpFdf n}hfg kfpg] Joj:yf ug'{kg{] .

-*_ jgdf cfwfl/t pBf]usf] btf{÷:yfkgf / ;~rfng jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] btf{ tyf :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{ klg ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfosf aLrsf] ;dGjodf /x]sf] sdL / Ps4f/ gLltsf] cEof; gx'gfn] lgDg ;d:of cfPsf]n] ;f]sf] ;dfwfg x'g' cfjZos 5 M ljBdfg gLltut ;jfn pBf]u btf{, :yfkgf / ;~rfng ubf{ w]/} lgsfox? -:yfgLo lgsfo, jg sfof{no, gfkL sfof{no, ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf, pBf]usf] ;fFw l;dfgfdf kg]{ ;lwof/ cflb_ sf] cg'dlt / ;xdlt lng] Joj:yf ul/g' . oL ljleGg lgsfosf aLrdf ;dGjosf] cefjsf sf/0f pBf]u btf{, :yfkgf / ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ b:tfj]h k|fKt ug{ nfdf] ;do vr{ x'g] u/]sf] .

;dfwfgsf pkfox?

Ps} p2]Zo ePsf w]/} lgsfojf6 ;xdlt, cg'dlt, Ohfht cflb lbg] Joj:yf x6fO{ cf}Bf]lus gLlt / jfl0fHo gLlt cg'?k Ps4f/ k|0ffnL cjnDag u/L Pp6} lgsfo -;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]u sfof{no÷ljefu_ af6 pBf]u :yfkgf / btf{ ;DaGwL ;a} sfd ;DkGg x'g] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ ;DalGwt lhNnf tyf cGo lhNnfdf sRrf kbfy{ cfk"lt{ ug]{ jg / lghL jgsf] Ifdtf x]/L pBf]u btf{ cg'dlt kq lbg'kg]{ .

gofF k|ljlwo'Qm / 7"nf ;MdLn :yfkgfdf cj/f]w /x]sf] .

gofF k|ljlwo'Qm / 7"nf ;MdLn :yfkgf ug{ lbg] Joj:yf u/L o;sf nflu jftfj/0fd}qL k|ljlw leqfpFbf eG;f/ 5'6 lbg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ .

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

;DalGwt lhNnf tyf cGo lhNnfdf sRrf kbfy{ cfk"lt{ ug]{ jg / lghL jgsf] Ifdtf gx]/L pBf]u btf{ / ;~rfng cg'dlt lbg] u/]sf]n] pBf]ux?sf aLrdf g} c:j:Yo k|ltikwf{ x'g] u/]sf] .

jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t s'g pBf]un] jflif{s slt jg k}bfjf/ pkof]u tyf vkt ug{ kfpg] xf] eGg] af/]df kl/df0f lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:yf gePsf] .

n cf}Bf]lus

k|of]hgsf nflu pTkfbgd"ns jg tyf lghL jgdf pknAw x'g ;Sg] jg k}bfjf/sf] cfsng u/L ;fj{hlgs ug]{ Joj:yf x'gk' g] { . n ;+rflnt pBf]ux?n] vkt ug]{ sRrf kbfy{sf] kl/df0f cg'dfg ug{ nufO{ jflif{s ?kdf dfu ;+sng ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ / o:tf] dfu jgdf cfwfl/t pBf]u cfkm}n] tof/ u/L ;DalGwt lgsfodf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t s'g jf s:tf] pBf]un] jflif{s slt jg k}bfjf/ kfpg ;S5 egL kl/df0f lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{ / pBf]uLn] klg ;f]xL cg';f/sf] Ifdtfsf pBf]ux? :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .

-(_ jg If]q / jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u /xg] :yfgsf aLrsf] b'/L jg If]q / jgdf cfwfl/t pBf]usf aLrdf /xg' kg]{ b'/Lsf ljifodf g]kfndf nfdf] ;dob]lv cGof}ntf /xFb} cfPsf]df g]kfn ;/sf/, pBf]u dGqfnon] u/]sf] kl5Nnf] lg0f{o lgDg cg';f/ sfof{Gjog x'g' cfjZos 5 M

ljBdfg gLltut ;jfn jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u :yfkgfsf nflu pBf]u dGqfnoåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] b'/L ;DaGwL gofF Joj:yfsf] af/]df k|rf/ k|;f/ g} gu/L k'/fg} dfkb08 nfu' ul/b} cfPsf] .

;dfwfgsf pkfox? n

gofF dfkb08 tTsfn nfu' ug'{kg]{ / vf;u/L h8La'6Ldf cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ;DaGwdf yk ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ . n dWojlt{ If]q / ;+/If0f If]qdf vf]lng] pBf]usf] b'/L;DaGwL dfkb08df klg ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ .

-!)_ jftfj/0fLo dfkb08 jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf nflu xfn ljBdfg /x]sf jftfj/0fLo dfkb08x? ;xof]ufTds x'g g;s]sf]n] o;df lgDg cg';f/ ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 M

ljBdfg gLltut ;jfn

;dfwfgsf pkfox?

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ sf] cg';"rL ! / @ df jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng / jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u :yfkgfsf nflu k|f/lDes jftfj0fLo k/LIf0f / jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg ug{'kg]{ u/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] dfkb08 cJofjxfl/s / cj}1flgs /x]sf] .

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ sf] cg';"rL ! / @ nfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg u/L Jojxfl/s / a}1flgs dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ . -vf;u/L h/f, af]qmf, kft, kmnkm"n, kmn, aLpm cflbsf] ;+sngsf] kl/df0f_

15

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

16

-!!_ s/ k|0ffnL, eG;f/ dx;'n / C0f tyf cg'bfg jg If]q / o;df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] s/ k|0ffnL, eG;f/ dx;'n / C0f tyf cg'bfg klg cfjZos dfqfdf pbf/ gePsf]n] cf}Bf]lus ljsf; x'g g;s]sf] x'Fbf o; If]qdf lgDg cg';f/ ;'wf/ x'g' cfjZos 5 M ljBdfg gLltut ;jfn h8La'6L / o;sf ;f/tTjnfO{ @)&) ;Dd VAT 5'6 lbb} cfPsf]df cfly{s P]gåf/f @)&! b]lv pQm s/ 5'6 x6fO{ hl8a'6L / o;sf ;f/tTjdf VAT lng] Joj:yf ul/Psf] . of] Joj:yf ubf{ lghL If]q jg pBdL;Fu k/fdz{ g} gul/Psf] . hl8a'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] b:t'/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ sltko jg k}bfjf/sf] k|hfltut ?kdf / jg k}bfjf/sf] efusf cfwf/df bf]xf]/f] kg]{u/L b:t'/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] / sltko jg:kltsf ljleGg k|hflt ePklg Pp6f k|hfltdf g} ;a} k|hftL kg]{ u/L / cj}1flgs ?kdf b:t'/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] . jg k}bfjf/sf] /fh:j tyf b:t'/ b/ / ahf/ d"Nosf aLrdf 7"nf] cGt/ /xg] u/]sf] . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% df jg k}bfjf/df :yfgLo lgsfon] :yfgLo s/ nufpFbf jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg ePsf] lhNnfn] dfq To:tf] s/ nufpg kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] ePklg jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg ePsf lhNnfsf] :yfgLo lgsfosf ;fy} jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/ k;f/ ubf{ af6f]df kg]{ ;a} lhNnfn] s/ lng] u/]sf] . :yfgLo lgsfon] jg k}bfjf/df nufpg] s/ lhNnf kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{osf cfwf/df to x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] / :yfgLo s/sf] b/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ @)) k|ltzt;Dd klg s/ lng] lg0f{o ePsf] .

Pp6} jg k}bfjf/df ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no / :yfgLo lgsfo u/L tLgj6f kIfaf6 s/ lng] ul/Psf] . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t ;a} lsl;dsf pBf]unfO{ Pp6} lsl;dsf] s/ nufpg] ul/Psf] .

;dfwfgsf pkfox? h8La'6L / o;sf ;f/tTjdf VAT 5'6 lbg] Joj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] u/L cfly{s P]gdf k"gM Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . hl8a'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] cfjlws ?kdf b:t'/ lgwf{/0f ug{sf nflu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;lxtsf] Pp6f lj1 sfo{;d"xsf] u7g u/L ;f]xL ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df dfq b:t'/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . /fh:j tyf b:t'/ b/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ To:tf jg k}bfjf/sf] pknAwtf, juL{s/0f, dfu / ahf/ d"NonfO{ klg Wofg lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg ePsf] lhNnf afx]s cGo lhNnfsf :yfgLo lgsfon] :yfgLo s/ lng gkfpg] u/L sfg"gdf ePsf] Joj:yfnfO{ s8fO{sf ;fy nfu' ug'{kg]{ . lhNnf jg sfof{non] lng] jg k}bfjf/sf] /fh:j tyf b:t'/ / :yfgLo lgsfon] lng] z'Ns Ps} 7fpFaf6 ;+sng ug]{u/L s/ k|0ffnLdf klg Psåf/f k|0ffnL nfu' ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . jg k}bfjf/sf] :yfgLo s/ lnbfF lhNnf kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{osf cfwf/df geO{ :yfgLo lgsfon] lng kfpg] s/sf] b/ jg lgodfjnL jf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnLdf g} lglZrt\ ug'{kg]{ .

Pp6f jg k}bfjf/sf] Pp6} lgsfoaf6 lglZrt\ s/ lng] Joj:yf ul/g' kg]{ . pBf]usf] k|s[ltsf cfwf/df s/sf] b/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ .

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

lghL hUufdf pTkfbg ul/Psf ;a} lsl;dsf jg k}bfjf/nfO{ klg ;/sf/L jgsf jg k}bfjf/ ;/x dfgL /fh:j / :yfgLo s/ lng] ul/Psf] . e]lgo/÷KnfO{ p8 lgof{t ubf{ xfn k|lts]hL ?=^.– sf b/n] eG;f/ dxz'n nfUg] u/]sf] . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf nflu C0f pknAw u/fpg] ljifodf :ki6 Joj:yf gePsf] .

lghL hUufdf pTkfbg ul/Psf ;a} lsl;dsf jg k}bfjf/nfO{ s[lif pkh ;/x dfgL s'g} klg lsl;dsf] s/ glng] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . eG;f/ dxz'n b/ 36fpg' kg]{ . jg k}bfjf/ ljb]z lgof{t ubf{ nufOb} cfPsf] s/ sfg"g ;Ddt gePsf]n] x6fpg' kg]{ . a}s + tyf ljlQo ;+:yf;DaGwL sfg"gdf s[lif If]qsf nflu h:t} jgdf cfwfl/t pBf]usf] nflu klg C0f pkAw u/fpg] ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g' kg] { .

-!@_ ;fd'lxs af}l4s ;DklQ, pTklQsf] k|df0f kq, eG;f/ sfo{ljlw / ljb]z lgof{t g]kfnaf6 nueu () k|ltzt h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ ef/t lgof{t x'g] ePklg ef/t;Fu ePsf sltko ;lGw ;+emf}tf / ef/t ;/sf/n] cfkm} nfu' ug]{ k|fb]lzs sfg"gx?sf sf/0f lgof{tdf sl7gfO{ ePsf]n] o;sf nflu cfjZos kxn ug'k{ g]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . To:t} g]kfnaf6 jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t' lgof{t ubf{ vf;u/L 6]8« dfs{ h:tf af}l4s ;DklQ, pTklQsf] k|df0f kq, eG;f/ sfo{ljlw / lgof{t;DaGwL ljleGg sfo{ljlwx?df /x]sf] l4ljwf / cGof}ntfnfO{ x6fpgsf nflu lgDg sfo{x? ug'kg]{ x'G5 M ljBdfg gLltut ;jfn g]kfnaf6 ef/t nufot cGo d'n'sdf lgsf;L x'g] jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'x?sf] eG;f/ dx;'n / :yfgLo s/ lgs} w]/} ePsf]n] g]kfnaf6 pTkflbt jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'x?sf] dfu 36\b} uPsf] . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] pTkfbg u/]sf jghGo pTkfbgsf] lgof{tsf nflu s;n] pTklQsf] k|df0fkq lbg] eGg] Joj:yf :ki6 gePsf]n] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? lgof{tdf xtf]T;fxg x'Fb} cfPsf] .

Jofkfl/s dxTjsf s]xL jg k}bfjf/nfO{ k|zf]wg u/]/ dfq lgof{t ug{ kfOg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] / k|zf]wgsf] kl/efiff bf]xf]/f] cy{ nfUg] / c:ki6 lsl;dsf] ePsf]n] o;sf] JofVof u/fO{df cl;ldt lsl;dn] ;/sf/L lgsfon] :jljj]s k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] . ;fd'lxs af}l4s ;DklQ btf{sf nflu :ki6 Joj:yf gePsf]n] sl7gfO{ pTkGg ePsf] .

;dfwfgsf pkfox? ef/t nufotsf d'n'sx?;Fu ul/g] Jofkf/ ;Demf}tdf g]kfnaf6 lgsf;L eO{ To:tf b]zdf hfg] jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'sf] eG;f/ dx;'n sd ug{sf nflu jftf{ u/L ;Demf}tfdf :ki6 Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] pTkfbg u/]sf j:t'x?sf] lgof{tsf nflu klg ;/n ?kdf pTklQsf] k|df0fkq lbg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ . k|ltalGwt t/ Jofkfl/s dxTjsf jg k}bfjf/ -h6fd;L, ;k{uGwf, ;'uGwsf]lsnf, ;'uGwjfn, tfln; kq / nf}7 ;Nnf_ sf] k|zf]wg eGgfn] s] s:tf] pTkfbgnfO{ hgfpF5 egL kl/eflift x'g] lsl;dsf] ;'rL / ;"rs agfpg' kg]{ . lgof{tnfO{ ;xh agfpg h8La'6L Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t' k|zf]ws tyf pTkfbsn] ;fd'lxs 6]«8dfs{ / Kof6]06 (Collective trademark and patent) lng kfpg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ .

17

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

18

nfdf] / em~eml6nf] eG;f/ sfo{ljlwn] ubf{ jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t' lgof{tdf cj/f]w x'g] u/]sf] . jg k}bfjf/ / o;af6 pTkflbt j:t'x?sf] HS Code df :i6tfsf] sdLsf sf/0f hl8a'6L / o;af6 pTkflbt j:t'df ljutdf lbOPsf] VAT 5'6sf] ;'ljwf pkof]u ug{df sl7gfO{ ePsf] . nfu' cf}if lgoGq0f ljefun] jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t' lgof{t ubf{ jg:klt ljefu jf sfof{nosf] zLnjGbLnfO{ ;d]t dfGotf glbO{ b'Mv lbg] u/]sf] . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'x? lgof{tsf nflu k/LIf0f / k|df0fLs/0f ug{ cfw'lgs / l56f]5l/tf] lsl;dsf] k|of]uzfnf gx'g' / o:tf] k|of]uzfnf :yfkgf / ;~rfngsf nflu lghL If]qnfO{ cg'dlt glbOg' . cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg';f/sf] k|of]uzfnf :yfkgf u/L ;f]sf] Pls|8]zg u/fpg] /f0fgLlt tyf Joj:yf g/x]sf] . g]kfnaf6 ef/t k|j]z ug]{ gfsfx? dWo] hDdf ^ j6f eG;f/ gfsfx?df dfq Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS) quarantine inspection and food testing facilities/centers

pknAw /x]sf] . ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] lgod cg';f/ jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t' pTkfbgsf nflu k'/f ug'{kg]{ cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg';f/sf /fli6«o sfo{ljlwx?sf] th'{df / sfof{Gjog gx'g' . h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] ;j]{ ;j]l{ noG; k]i6 8f6fj]z tof/ ug{sf nflu jg:klt ljefu, jf gfs{ jf /fli6«o KnfG6 Sjf/]G6fOg sfo{qmd (NPQP) dWo] s'g lgsfo lhDd]jf/L xf] eGg] ls6fgL Joj:yf / lgb]l{ zsf gx'g ' . g]kfnL b'tfjf;x?df g]kfnL j:t'sf] k|j4{gsf nflu s'g} k|bz{gL sIf gx'g' .

SAARC NTFP/MAPs centre :yfkgf gx'g' .

eG;f/ ljefu / eG;f/ sfof{nonfO{ k6s}lkR5] k|ltlnkL k]z ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ;§fdf eG;f/sf] clen]v k|0ffnL cfw'lgsLs/0f u/L OG6/ sg]S;g k|0ffnLdf n}hfg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ / sfuf]{ Joj;fonfO{ klg lhDd]jf/L lbg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . hl8a'6L / o;af6 pTkflbt j:t'sf] :ki6 juL{s/0f u/L o:tf pTkfbgsf] HS Code :ki6 kfg'{kg]{ . jg:klt ljefun] jg k}bfjf/af6 pTkflbt j:t' xf] egL k|dfl0ft ul/;s]kl5 ;f] sf] lgof{tdf nfu' cf}ifw lgoGq0f ljefusf] x:tIf]k x6fpg] Joj:yf ug'k{ g] { . o:tf k/LIf0f k|of]uzfnfx? gLlh If]qdf klg :yfkgf ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ o:tf k|of]uzfnfn] ug]{ k/LIf0fnfO{ a}wtf lbg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . lghL If]q / ;/sf/n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;~rfng ug]{u/L cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg';f/sf] k|of]uzfnf :yfkgf u/L ;f] k|of]uzfnfnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o txdf Plqm8]zg / k|rf/ k|;f/ u/fO{ g]kfnL pTkfbgsf] u'0f:t/ k|df0fLs/0f ug]{ Joj:yf clanDa ug'{kg]{ . ;a} d'Vo gfsfdf o:tf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fO{ jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t' lgof{tdf ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ o; ljifodf ef/t;Fu klg jftf{ u/L g]kfnsf k/LIf0f k|of]uzfnfn] u/]sf k/LIf0fnfO{ ef/tdf dfGotf lbg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf lgod kfngf u/L k|ltikwf{df hfgsf nflu ;f]xL cg';f/ ;|ft] , ;fwg -k/LIf0f k|of]uzfnf, j:t'x?sf] lkcf/P, l/km/]G; sNr/ gd"gf, cg';Gwfg hgzlSt cflb_ / ah]6 Joj:yf ug'k{ g] { . lgof{t eO/x]sf, x'g;Sg] / k|fyldstfdf k/]sf #) k|hftLsf h8La'6Lsf] k]i6lni6 tof/ ul/g' kg]{ / o;sf nflu lghL If]qsf] ;d]t ;xeflutfdf ;DalGwt lgsfo cGtu{t sfo{bn agfO lhDd]jf/L tf]lsg' kg]{ . g]kfnL b'tfjf;x?df g]kfnsf lgof{tof]Uo NTFP/MAPs sf] k|bz{gL sIf /fVg] Joj:yf ug]{ . g]kfndf SAARC NTFP/MAPs centre and MAPs Seed Bank :yfkgf ug{ kxn ug'{kg]{ .

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

;du|df, oL dfly plNnlvt gLltut tyf sfg"gL ;jfn ;Daf]wgsf nflu cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g @)$( n] jghGo pBf]unfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]usf] ?kdf dfGotf k|bfg u/]sf] ePtfklg jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf nflu jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{;DaGwL lgb]l{ zsfsf] cefj /x]sf]n] jg gLlt @)&!, cf}Bf]lus gLlt @)^&, jfl0fHo gLlt @)^%, cf}Bf]lus Jojf;fo P]g @)$(, jg P]g @)$( / ;+/lIft If]q;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ ;d]t dWogh/ ub}{ lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtfdf ljBdfg P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg ub}j{ ghGo pBf]usf nflu jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{;DaGwL lgb]l{ zsf th'd{ f u/L ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug'k{ g]{ cfjZostf/x]sf] 5 .

sfo{kqdfly l6Kk0fL

o; sfo{kqsf ljifodf jg gLlt;DaGwL lj1sf] ?kdf /xg' ePsf 8f= s]zj/fh s+g]nn] lgDg cg';f/ l6Kk0fL ug'{ ePsf] lyof] M n jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgLsf] s'/f ubf{ o;df /fHo tyf ;/sf/L lgsfo / sd{rf/Lsf] e"ldsf s] /xg] eGg] klg :ki6 x'gk' 5{ . n lghL If]q / ;/sf/L lgsfosf aLr lgoldt ;Dafb x'g] ;+oGq klg cfjZos k5{, h;sf] dfWodaf6 cfk;L ;d:of / c;dembf/Lx? x6fpg ;lsG5 . n ;/sf/n] lgodgsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ubf{ kf/blz{tf x'g'kg]{ o:tf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ubf{ cj/f]w klg x'g x'Fb}g . n lghL If]qn] jg If]qdf s;/L cfkm\gf] ;xeflutf / e"ldsf b]vfpg ;S5 eGg] af/]df /rgfTds pkofx? klg cjnDag ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . n jg If]qnfO{ ;/sf/L lgsfon] kmf}hbf/L d'2f rnfpg] If]qsf] ?kdf dfq lng gx'g] / dfgl;s lrGtgdf klg ;'wf/ x'g' cfjZos 5 . n jg If]q / o;df cfwfl/t pBf]udf nufgL nufpgsf nflu eljiosf] ;'lglZrttf rflxg] ePsf]n] g]kfnsf] jg If]qdf kf/blz{tfsf sfod ug]{ ;+/rgf / ;+oGq gx'bF f;Dd nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f aGg ;Sb}g, To;}n] jg k}bfjf/sf] cfk"lt{ k|0ffnLnfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg} kg]{ x'G5 .

n jg

If]qdf tTsfn ;'wf/ ug'k{ g]{ s'/fx?df jg k}bfjf/sf] cf];f/ k;f/, /fh:j b/ / jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] ljifo x'g, h;df tTsfn Wofg lbg' k5{ .

@=# jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'sf] lgof{t k|j4{gdf ljZjJofkL cjwf/0ff

g]kfnsf] jg gLlt, cf}Bf]lus gLlt / jfl0fHo gLltn] jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'x?sf] lgof{t k|j4{gnfO{ lgs} dxTj lbPsf] 5 . To:t} lgof{t k|j4{gsf nflu g]kfnn] ljleGg If]qdf ljz]if cfly{s If]qx?sf] :yfkgf klg u/]sf] 5 . oBlk, jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'x?sf] lgof{t k|j4{g ug{sf nflu oL j:t'x?sf] ljz]iftfsf sf/0f yk ljZjJofkL dfkb08x? klg k'/f ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . To;}n] jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'x?sf] lgof{tsf nflu cj;/ ;Fu;Fu} r'gf}ltx? ljBdfg /x]sf 5g\ . o;} s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ o; uf]i7Ldf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'x?sf] lgof{t k|j4{gsf nflu Wofg lbg'kg]{ ljifox?sf af/]df 5nkmn ug{ o; ljifodf cnUu} sfo{kq k|:t'lt ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fjtL (SAWTEE) sf cWoIf kf]if/fh kf08]n] o; ljifodf k|:t't ug'e{ Psf] sfo{kqsf] d'Vo ;f/;+If]k lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf] 5 M

-!_ Jofkf/sf] b[li6sf]0fn] jg k}bfjf/sf] kl/efiff jg k}bfjf/nfO{ ljleGg ljleGg lgsfo tyf ;+:yfx?n] cf–cfkm\g} lsl;dn] kl/eflift u/]sf 5g\ . jg k}bfjf/nfO{ kl/eflift ug{sf nflu xfdLn] ljZj vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7g (FAO) / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox?n] u/]sf] kl/efiffnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . oL ;+:yfn] jg k}bfjf/nfO{ sf7, u}/sfi7 / jgsf] jftfj/0fLo ;]jfnfO{ jg k}bfjf/sf] ?kdf dfg]sf 5g\ .

To:t} sf7nfO{ cf}Bf]lus ?kdf pTkflbt sf7, bfp/f, h}ljs OGwgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] sf]Onf / ;fgf sf7x? u/L b'O{ v08df ljefhg ul/Pklg oL ;a} jg k}bfjf/x? eG;f/af6 cfoft lgof{t ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu HS 44 cGtu{t kb{5g\ . To;}u/L u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/nfO{ jg:klt / jg:klthGo pTkfbg / k|f0fL tyf k|f0fLhGo pTkfbg u/L juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5, h'g jg k}bfjf/x? HS 47,

19

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

20

/ 1211 cGtu{t kb{5g\ . w]/}h;f] k|f0fLx?sf] Jofkf/nfO{ CITES n] lgodg u/]sf] x'G5 . To:t} jftfj/0fLo ;]jfsf] Jofkf/ lgodgsf nflu klg ljleGg dfkb08x?sf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 .

48

-@_ jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'sf] ljZjJofkL Jofkf/ ;g\ @)!$ sf] tYof+snfO{ x]bf{ ;+;f/e/L cd]l/sL 8n/ @^@ nfv d"No a/fj/sf jg k}bfjf/hGo j:t'x?sf] Jofkf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 / of] qmd ;g\ @)!) b]lv g} lg/Gt/ ?kdf a9\bf] 5 / of] j[l4 b/ k|ltjif{ $=% k|ltztsf b/n] /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!)–@)!$ sf] cjwLdf ;a} k|d'v ju{df k/]sf jg k}bfjf/xsf] cfoft b/df j[l4 ePsf] 5 . h;dWo] cf}ifwLhGo h8La'6Lsf] !!=! k|ltzt, sf7df cfwfl/t j:t'x?sf] %=% k|ltzt, sf7hGo sfuhx?sf] )=& k|ltzt / sfhu tyf sfuhhGo j:t'sf] )=% k|ltztsf b/n] cfoft j[l4 ePsf] 5 . Jofkf/ ePsf s"n jg k}bfjf/dWo] sfhu tyf sfuhsf ;fdfu|Lsf] ;a}eGbf a9L Jofkf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 eg] h8La'6Lx?sf] ;a}eGbf sd Jofkf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 .

-#_ g]kfnaf6 jg k}bfjf/sf] lgof{t ;g\ @))( b]lv ;g\ @)!$ sf] cjwLdf g]kfnaf6 sf7 tyf sf7hGo j:t'x? afx]s cGo d'Vo ju{df kg]{ k|fo ;a} j:t'x?sf] lgof{t a9]sf] 5 . ;a} eGbf a9L sf7af6 ag]sf ;fdfgx?

-%^ k|ltzt_ lgof{t ePsf 5g\ eg] To;kl5

jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'sf] ljZjJofkL Jofkf/

qmdzM cf}ifwLhGo h8La'6L -!#=$_ k|ltzt / sfuh tyf sfuhaf6 ag]sf j:t'x? /x]sf 5g\ . o; cjwLsf sf7 tyf sf7af6 ag]sf j:t'x?sf] lgof{t !#=$ k|ltztsf b/n] 36]sf] 5 . g]kfnaf6 lgof{t x'g] jg k}bfjf/df b'O{ ltxfO{ lx:;f cf}ifwLhGo h8La'6Ln] g} cf]u6]sf] 5 eg] !* k|ltzt lx:;f sfuh / ;f]af6 ag]sf j:t'n] cf]u6]sf] 5 . To:t} sf7 / sf7af6 ag]sf j:t'sf] lgof{t lx:;f ( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] cf}ifwLhGo h8La'6Lsf] o; cjwLdf ;a}eGbf a9L -&@=% k|ltzt_ rLgdf lgof{t ePsf] 5 eg] sfuh / sfuhaf6 ag]sf j:t'x? -#)=(_ k|ltzt cd]l/sf lgof{t ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L sf7af6 ag]sf j:t'x?dWo] w]/h } ;f] ef/t lgof{t ePsf 5g\ .

-$_ lgof{tdf cj/f]w eG;f/M k|fo ;a} ljZjJofkL ahf/df jg k}bfjf/sf] eG;f/ cToGt Go"g 5 / cd]l/sf tyf rLg h:tf] 7"nf] ahf/ ePsf b]zdf klg nueu % k|ltzt eGbf sd eG;f/ b/ /x]sf] 5 . t/ of] eG;f/ b/ ;dosf] cGt/fndf lgoldt ?kdf 36\g] qmd hf/L /x]sf] 5 . u}/eG;f/M jg k}bfjf/sf] Jofkf/ ug{sf nflu o;sf] lgof{t ug{ rfxg]n] cfoft ug]{ b]zaf6 cg'dltkq kfpg' kg]{ x'G5, h'g lgs} r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5 . To:t} ;DalGwt b]zsf] eG;f/ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwx? Kfngf ug'k{ g]{ x'G5, oBlk o:tf eG;f/ sfo{ljlw cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg';f/sf ePsf]n] ;f] dfkb08 k'/f ug{ lgs} sl7g x'G5 .

g]kfnaf6 jg k}bfjf/sf] lgof{tsf] cj:yf

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

o;}u/L ljZjJofkL ?kdf k|rngdf /x]sf k|fljlws dfkb08x?sf] klg kfngf / k'/f ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . o;sf cnfjf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t' cfoft lgof{t ug{ rfxg]n] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] Sanitary and phyto-sanitary (SPS) dfkb08 klg kfngf ug'k { g]{ x'G5 / o;sf nflu ;f]xL cg';f/sf] dfkb08sf k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0fsf r/0fx? kf/ u/L k|df0fkq lnPsf] x'gk' 5{ . g]kfnaf6 ef/t lgof{t ug]{ !* j6f eG;f/ gfsfx?dWo] hDdf # j6fdf dfq Sjf/]G6fO{g ;'ljwf pknAw /x]sf] 5 . cGo eG;f/ gfsfaf6 jg k}bfjf/ jf ;f]df cfwfl/t j:t' ef/t lgof{t ubf{ ef/tLo k|of]uzfnfaf6 k/LIf0f u/fO{ ef/tLo dfkb08 Ao"/f]af6 k|df0fLs/0f u/]kl5 dfq ef/t lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ef/tdf lgof{t ubf{ g]kfnL lghL k|of]uzfnfx?n] u/]sf] k/LIf0fnfO{ klg dfGotf lbOb}g . oL ;a} sl7gfO{sf sf/0f jg k}bfjf/ / ;f]df cfwfl/t j:t' lgof{t ubf{ ;do / nfut a9\g] ub{5 . :j]lR5s tyf ljifout dfkb08x?M o'/f]kLog o'lgogsf ;b:o /fi6«x?df jg k}bfjf/ / o;af6 ag]sf j:t'x? lgof{t ug]{ xf] eg] jg k|df0fLs/0f ul/Psf] / Osf]nj] lnª (Eco-labels) ul/g'sf ;fy} CITES, EU Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) sf] lgod ;d]t kfngf u/L jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng ul/Psf] xf] egL k|dfl0ft ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 .

To:t} olb jg tyf jftfj/0fLo ljgfz eof] eg] To;n] ;dflhs Ifltdfq ug]{ geO{ lghL If]q / jgdf cfwfl/t pBf]unfO{ klg c;/ ug]{ ePsf]n] pRr d"No r'sfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] lghL If]qn] jftfj/0fLo bfloTj jfkt klg d"No r'sfpg' kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

-%_ ;dfwfgsf pkfox? != Jofkf/sf cj;/x?, jg k}bfjf/sf] c;n ;+sng cEof;, jg k}bfjf/sf] jftfj/0fLo, cfly{s / hLljsf]kfh{g;DaGwL kmfObfx?sf] af/]df lghL If]qsf aLrdf ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug] { . @= jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pRr u'0f:t/sf j:t'x?sf] pTkfbg ug{, u'0f:t/ a9fpg, d"No clej[l4 ug{ / jg k}bfjf/sf] lgoldt pTkfbg ug{sf nflu ;3fpg] .

#= cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08nfO{ cfwf/ dfGb} /fli6«o dfkb08x?sf] ljsf;, sfof{Gjog / nfu' ug]{ / d"Vo lgof{ts b]zx?;Fu cfk;L ;demfbf/Ldf cfwfl/t ;Demf}tf u/L Jofkf/sf] cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ . $= cfrf/ ;+lxtfx?sf] ljsf; u/L To;sf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog / kfngf ug]{ . %= Jofkf/sf] a}slNks pkfosf] ?kdf /x]sf :jR5 Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] ;b:o aGg] tyf vf;u/L o'/f]lkog o'lgog / cGo b]zx?;Fu Jofkf/ a9fpg :j]lR5s ;fem]bf/L ;Demf}tfx? ug] { .

sfo{kqdfly l6Kk0fL

o; sfo{kqdfly cy{zf:qL 8f= ljZjDe/ Kofs'/]nn] lgDg cg';f/ l6Kk0fL ug'{ePsf] lyof] M n jgaf6 b}lgs pkef]Uo / Jofkfl/s u/L b'a} k|of]hgsf nflu jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng ul/G5 . xfdLn] jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'sf] Jofkf/ ubf{ h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf] d"NonfO{ klg Wofg lbg'k5{ . n jg k}bfjf/sf] dfu / Jofkf/ vf;u/L cfly{s dlGbdf ;'wf/ cfPkl5 k"gM j[l4 x'bF } cfO{/x]sf] 5 . n jg k}bfjf/sf] clws pTkfbg / vkt b'a} ug{ ;Sg] rLg / ef/t h:tf b]zx?sf] aLrdf xfdL /x]sf]n] xfd|f] k|fyldstf s] xf] eGg] s'/f klg lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . h:t} M /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{ / jg k}bfjf/sf] :jb]zdf g} Jofkf/ ug]{ s'/f klg k|fyldstfsf] ljifo x'g ;S5 . n jg k}bfjf/ cfklt{ a9fpg], jgdf cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf;sf nflu ;'zf;gdf ;'wf/ ug]{ / :jb]zL ahf/nfO{ klg lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsPdf lghL If]qsf] nufgLnfO{ yk cfslif{t ug{ ;lsG5 . n g]kfnaf6 vf;u/L h8La'6L tyd ;'ulGwt jg:kltsf pTkfbg / u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ lgof{t a9fpg ;lsG5 . jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t j:t'x? lgof{t ug]{ xf] eg] xfd|f k|of]uzfnfx?sf] Ifdtf / u'0f:t/ a9fO{ cGt/f{li6«o:t/df cfj4 u/fpg' cfjZos 5 . n Jofkf/sf] ;du| ;'zf;gdf ;'wf/ gu/L jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t lgof{tsf] ;'zf;g dfq ;'wf/ x'g ;Sb}g .

To;}n] ;du|df ;'wf/ ug'k{ 5{ . nfesf] ;dGoflos afF8kmfF8 x'gk' 5{ . jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg / >ldssf] Joj:yf klg ljrf/0fLo s'/fx? x'g \ .

21

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

22

#= ;fd'lxs 5nkmnsf ljifox? ljleGg sfo{kqx?sf] k|:t'lt / ;f] pk/ lj1x?af6 l6Kk0fLx? ul/Pkl5 ;/sf/L lgsfo, lghL If]q / ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] g]kfnsf] jg If]q / jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]usf] If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgL clej[l4sf nflu cfufdL lbgdf gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut ?kdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ ljifodf ljleGg ;'emfjx? lbg]u/L 5nkmndf efu lng] sfo{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm 5nkmndf dxf;+3sf k"j{ cWoIf s'z s'df/ hf]zL, dxf;+3sf] s[lif pBd ljefusf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs k|lbk dxh{g nufot cGo ;xefuLx?n] lbOPsf d'Vo ;'emfjx? lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf lyP M

#=! gLltut r'gf}lt ;dfwfgsf pkfox? n

;+ljwfgdf ePsf Joj:yf ;d]t jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u ;~rfng ug{df cj/f]w ug]{ vfnsf 5g\ . o;sf] lgikIf ;dLIff / JofVof x'g'k5{ . n jg If]qdf ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfosf] bf]xf]/f] xs 5, h;n] ubf{ lghL If]qn] s'g lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo ug]{ eGg] sl7gfO{ ePsf]n] ;f]sf] ;dfwfg x'g'k5{ . n ;+/lIft If]qsf] lj:tf/n] jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{df cj/f]w ePsf]n] o;df k"g/ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . n jg k}bfjf/sf] /fh:j lgwf{/0f ubf{ lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf u/fOb}g, o;df ;'wf/ x'g'k5{ . n jg k}bfjf/sf] ;+sng / cf];f/ k;f/df nufOPsf cg'lrt\ k|ltaGwx? x6fOg' k5{ . ljefuLo kl/kqsf cfwf/df jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng ug{ k|ltjGw nufpg] kl/kf6L /f]Sg' k5{ .

n

lghL jgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{u/L jg lgodfjnL / cfly{s lgodfjnLx?df kl/dfh{g ul/g' k5{ . n xfnsf] lgsf;L b:t'/ a9L / cJofjxfl/s /x]sf]n] o:tf] b/sf] k"g/fjnf]sg u/L 36fpg' k5{ . n lghL hldgdf v]lt ul/Psf jg k}bfjf/df s/ tyf /fh:j lng] Joj:yf x6fpg' k5{ . n g]kfndf lghL If]q;Fusf] ;d]t ;xsfo{df ljZjJofkL dfkb08 cg';f/sf] k|of]uzfnf :yfkgf u/L ;f] k|of]uzfnfnfO{ ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfdf cfj4 u/fpg ;/sf/L txaf6 tTsfn kxn x'g'k5{ . n jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]ux? :jb]zL sRrf kbfy{ pknAw / cfk"lt{ x'g g;s]sf]n] ljb]zaf6 jg k}bfjf/ cfoft u/L pBf]u rnfpg afWo 5g\ . To;}n] :jb]zdf g} jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ u/L pBf]u rNg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ul/g' k¥of] . n :jb]zdf sRrf kbfy{sf] cfk"lt{df cj/f]w ePs} sf/0f xfdLn] lgof{td"vL pBf]usf] ?kdf /x]sf e[s'6L sfuh sf/vfgf, s}of}+ sTyf dLnx?, vf]6f] k|zf]wg pBf]ux?, ;nfO{ pBf]ux? u'dfpg / aGb ug{ k'Uof] . oxL cj:yf /x]df afF;df cfwfl/t pBf]u nufot u|fld0f If]qdf /x]sf 3/]n' pBf]u ;d]t u'Dg] ePsf]n] ;dodf g} jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;d]t ;xeflutf a9fP/ sRrf kbfy{sf] cfk"lt{ a9fpg' k¥of] . n g]kfndf lgdf{0f If]qsf nflu th'{df ul/Psf dfkb08x?df sf7, afF; nufotsf jg k}bfjf/nfO{ lgdf{0fhGo j:t'sf] ?kdf :jLsf/gul/Psf]n] klg ;d:of cfPsf] xf] . o;df sfg"gL ;'wf/ x'g'k5{ .

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

n

jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]unfO{ ;/sf/ / ;dfhn] x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf g} kl/jt{g Nofpg' k5{ . n ;fd'bflos jgx? ;+/If0fd'vL dfq eP, cfk"lt{dv ' L ;fd'bflos jg agfpgsf] nflu ;fd'bflos jgsf sfo{of]hgfx?df ;'wf/ ug'{ k5{ . n sf7sf] juL{s/0f ug]{ Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ x'g' k5{ / bfp/fsf] kl/efiffdf klg ;'wf/ ug'k{ 5{ . n s'g} jg k}bfjf/ nufP/ ;f] ;+sng ug{ k|ltjlGwt eof] eg] To;sf] d"No ;/sf/n] lbg] Joj:yf ul/g' k5{ . n slxn] sRrf kbfy{ gx'g], slxn] ePsf] sRrf kbfy{n] ahf/ gkfpg] cj:yf x6fpg d08Lsf] cjwf/0ff nfu' ug'{k5{ .

#=@ ;+:yfut lhDd]jf/L / e"ldsf n ;/sf/L

lgsfox? aLr jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg / cf];f/ k;f/df ;xof]u ug{sf nflu ;dGjo ug]{ ;+oGq :yfkgf ug'{ k5{ . n lgsf;L ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g lgsfon] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ xf] eGg] af/]df :ki6 ?kdf lgsfo tf]sL lhDd]jf/L to ug'{k5{ . n lghL If]q / ls;fg aLr jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg ug{sf nflu s/f/ v]lt ug]{ sfo{df ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 ;xhLs/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{ cfjZos 5 . n lgof{t ug]{ d'n'ssf] sfg"g s:tf] 5 / ;f] cg';f/ s;/L Ifdtf / u'0f:t/ a9fpg] eGg] af/]df ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfx?sf] l;h{gf x'g' cfjZos 5 . n Jofjxfl/s txdf / tNnf] txdf sfd ug]{ ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ lghL If]qnfO{ s;/L ;]jf lbg] eGg] af/]df lgoldt tflndsf] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ . n jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnodf Pp6f lghL jg dxfzfvf :yfkgf u/L lghL jgnfO{ lbg] ;a} ;]jf ;'ljwf, ;x'lnot / k|f]T;fxg ;f]xL dxfzfvfsf] ;dGjodf lbg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .

#=# jg ljsf; sf]if

jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf, nufgL / e"ldsf a9fpgsf nflu lbuf] cfly{s ;|ft] sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] x'G5 . lghL If]q;Fu o;sf nflu cfkm};uF s]xL cfly{s ;|ft] /xg] ePklg 7"nf] nufgL cfjZos kg]{ jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]ux?sf nflu a}s + tyf ljlQo ;+:yfaf6 cfly{s ;|ft] h'6fpg] jf cGo ljsNkx?sf] vf]hL ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 .

To;}n] g]kfndf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u Joj;fosf] If]qdf lqmoflzn lghL If]q -k]mglkm6 g]kfn_ n] nfdf] ;dob]lv jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] cjwf/0ff NofPsf] xf] . of] cjwf/0ffnfO{ d"t{ ?k lbgsf] nflu lghL If]q / g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;dfg cfly{s of]ubfg ug]{ / jg ljsf; sf]if ;~rfng ug]{ gLltut Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . oBlk, o; ljifodf :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cefjsf sf/0f jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] cjwf/0ffn] d"t{ ?k lng ;s]sf] 5}g . To:t} lghL If]qn] jg ljsf; sf]ifsf nflu pknAw u/fPsf] cfly{s ;|ft] ;d]t pkof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n] o; uf]i7Ldf sfo{kq k|:tf]tf, l6Kk0fLstf{ / ;xefuL ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] jg ljsf; sf]ifsf af/]df lgDg cjwf/0ff / ;'emfjx? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] M n jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf, nufgL / e"ldsf a9fpgsf nflu lghL If]qs} ;+nUgftfdf jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug{ tTsfn cfjZos sfg"g / ;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ . n jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg lhDd]jf/L lghL If]qnfO{ lbg' kg]{ . n jg ljsf; sf]ifdf xfn;Dd lghL If]qn] hDdf u/]sf] /sd s] slt /x]sf] 5 eGg] af/]df ;fj{hlgs ?kdf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ . n jg ljsf; sf]if g]kfnsf] jg If]qdf :jb]zL nufgL h'6fpg] pko'Qm ;+oGq x'g] ePsf]n] o;sf] ljsf;df g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ .

23

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

24

$= lgisif{ 5nkmn ;q kZrft\ uf]i7L ;dfkgsf qmddf jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno, jg pBd tyf Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf k|dv ' >L /]zd axfb'/ 8fFuL / 5nkmn tyf ;dfkg ;qsf cWoIf jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf ;lrj >L dw' k|;fb /]UdLn] sfo{kq / 5nkmnjf6 cfPsf ljrf/x?nfO{ lgisif{sf] ?kdf lgDg cjwf/0ffx? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] M n jg gLlt, @)&! df jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgL clej[l4sf nflu ul/Psf Joj:yfx? ;sf/fTds /x]sf]n] ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ub}{ hfg] . n jg P]g, @)$( sf] ;zf]wg ljw]osdf klg lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf clej[l4sf nflu gofF Joj:yfx? k|:tfj ul/Psf]n] ;f]af6 yk cj;/x? l;h{gf x'g] . n jg lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg u/L lghL jg tyf jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf a9fpgsf nflu yk Joj:yf ug]{ k|lqmof cufl8 a9]sf]n] ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ . n e"sDk kZrft\sf] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu yk sf7 tyf jg k}bfjf/sf] cfjZostf kg]{ ePsf]n] ;f]sf] cfk"lt{ / jg k}bfjf/ k|zf]wgdf lghL If]qsf] ;xof]u / ;xeflutf a9fpg] . n jgsf] lbuf] Jojf:yfkg u/L pBf]usf nflu sRrf kbfy{sf] ?kdf jg k}bfjf/sf] lgoldt cfk"lt{ a9fpg] . n jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] e"ldsf a9fpgsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfox? aLrsf] ;dGjonfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] . n jg If]qsf] gLlt lgdf{0f / lg0f{o k|lqmofdf lghL If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj / ;xeflutf k|efjsf/L ?kdf a9fpg] . n jg If]qdf cfwfl/t pBf]u / pTkfbgsf] Jofj;flos ?kdf ljljlws/0f ug]{ . n cy{tGqsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu jg >f]t;fwgdf cfwfl/t pBf]u Joj;fox?nfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbg] . n jg k}bfjf/sf] nf]kf]Gd'v k|hfltsf] cWoog u/L ;Dj¢{g Pj+ k|j¢{gdf hf]8 lbg] .

n

jghGo ljpm, lj?jf tyf pTkfbgsf] k}7f/Ldf ;ts{tf ckgfpg] . n jg tyf jftfj/0fnfO{ ;dGjofTds / PsLs[t ?kdf cl3 a9fpg] . n jgIf]qsf] vfnL e"–efudf k'gM j[If/f]k0f tyf cy{tGqdf 6]jf k'Ug] u/L pko'Qm Joj:yfkg ug{ s/f/df -sDtLdf #) jif{sf] nflu_ lghL If]qnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] . n jghGo >f]t ;fwgx?sf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;df lghL If]qnfO{ jg If]qdf k|f]T;fxg ug{ sDtLdf % b]lv & jif{sf nflu Tax Holiday pknAw u/fpg' jf~5gLo x'g] . n sf7 Pj+ h8La'6L hGo j:t'x?sf] cfoftnfO{ pko'Qm gLlt dfk{mt lg?T;flxt u/L d'n's leq} pknAw jghGo >f]t ;fwgx?jf6 pTkflbt j:t'x?sf] pTkfbsTj Pj+ ;f]sf] lgsf;L a9fpg lghL If]qnfO{ Incentives pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ . sfo{kqx?sf] k|:t'lt, ;f] pk/sf ljleGg l6Kk0fL / 5nkmnsf qmddf jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / nufgL a9fpgsf nflu ljleGg cj;/x? ljBdfg /x]klg ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv ;Daf]wg x'g g;s]sf s}of}+ gLltut, sfg"gL / Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx? ;Daf]wg x'gk' g]{ s'/fdf k|foM ;a} ;xefuLx?n] ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf lyP .

To:t} o; 5nkmn sfo{qmddf jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] e"ldsf a9fpgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;DalGwt ljsf; ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yfx?n] lghL If]qsf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu k|ToIf / k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;xof]u, ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{k' g]{ s'/fnfO{ klg dxTj lbOPsf] lyof] . ;du|df o; sfo{zfnf uf]li7 sfo{qmdn] jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf, nufgL / e"ldsf a9fpgdf yk cj;/ l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . To;} u/L ;/sf/ / lghLIf]qsf] ;fd"lxs k|of;af6 jg If]qsf] lbuf] pkof]u Pj+ pTkfbsTj / pTkfbg j[l¢ u/L o;nfO{ cfly{s ;d[l¢sf] cfwf/sf] ?kdf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ lbzfdf cl3 a9\gsf] nflu dfu{ k|z:t u/]sf] cg'ej ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

25

%= sfo{zfnf uf]i7L Joj:yfkg / ;xeflutf of] /fli6«o sfo{zfnf uf]i7L jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno / g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7L cfof]hgfsf nflu ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdaf6 ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . o; uf]i7Lsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng dxf;+3sf ;xfos lgb]{zs >L ljb'/ rGb| nfld5fg]n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g ;qsf] cWoIftf dxf;+3sf cWoIf >L kz'klt d'/f/sfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7Lsf] k|d'v cfltYotf dfggLo jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqL >L dx]z cfrfo{n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7Lsf] p4]Zodfly k|sfz kfb}{ dxf;+3sf pkfWoIf Pj+ dxf;+3 cGtu{t /x]sf] jg pBd ljsf; af]8{sf ;efklt ;d]t /xg' ePsf >L lszf]/ k|wfgn] ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jfut ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7Lsf] Joj:yfkgdf dxf;+3sf dxflgb]{zs >L w/0fLw/ vltj8fsf] cljefjsTj k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . To:t} uf]i7LnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpgsf nflu jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno, jg pBd tyf Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfsf k|d'v >L /]zd axfb'/ 8fFuL, ;f]xL dxfzfvfsf pk;lrj >L uf]ljGb >]i7 / ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd–;lj{; ;kf]6{ o'lg6sf k|fOe]6 ;]S6/–cfp6sd Dofg]h/ 8f= sNof0f uf}nLn] ljz]if dfu{bz{g k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . o; uf]i7Ldf ljifo lj1x? 8f= e/t kf]v/]n, >L kf]if/fh kf08] / clwjQmf>L lbn/fh vgfnaf6 # j6f sfo{kqx? k|:t't ePsf lyP, h; pk/ k"j{ cy{;lrj >L /fd]Zj/ vgfn, 8f= s]zj s+g]n / k|fWofks 8f= ljZjDe/ Kofs'/]nn] l6Kk0fL ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f] kZrft\ ;xefuLx? aLr

5nkmn u/L ;'emfjx? lng] sfo{ ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7Ldf g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfo, ljsf; ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yf, lghL If]q / ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 u/L !@^ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] -cg';"rL–$_. uf]i7Lsf] 5nkmn tyf ;dfkg ;qsf] cWoIftf jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf ;lrj dw' k|;fb /]UdLn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7L cfof]hgfsf nflu jg pBd ljsf; af]8{sf :yfoL ;b:o k|lbk dxh{g, ;xfos lgb]{zs >L dfwj d'NdL / jl/i7 clws[t >L k/z'/fd g]kfn, jg pBd dxfzfvfsf ;'rgf clws[t >L az'b]j kf08], jl/i7 sfof{no ;xfos >L g]q k|;fb kGt, >L afa'/fd lg/f}nf / >L dgf]x/f >]i7n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To:t} slgi6 sfof{no ;xfos >L ;+lutf Gof}kfg], / cGo ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx? >L /fh' lg/f}nf, >L k|sfz kf]8] / >L sf]k k|;fb ltjf/Ln] klg uf]i7L Joj:yfkgdf ;3fpg' ePsf] lyof] . o; /fli6«o sfof{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] ;du| Joj:yfkg Pj+ ;+of]hg jg pBd ljsf; af]8s { f ;b:o >L uf]ljGb l3ld/] / dxf;+3sf] jg pBd dxfzfvfsf dxfzfvf k|jGws >L chLt s'df/ u'Ktfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

26

cg';"rL–!

g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf]

jg -kf“rf}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)&@ jg lgodfjnL, @)%! nfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n], jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf &@ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn ;/sfn] b]xfosf lgodx? agfPsf] 5 . != ;+lIfKtgfd / k|f/DeM -!_ oL lgodx?sf] gfd æjg -kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)&@Æ /x]sf] 5 .

-@_ of] lgodfjnL t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 . @= jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod ^@ df ;+zf]wg M jg lgodfjnL, @)$( -o; kl5 d"n lgodfjnL elgPsf]_ sf] lgod ^@ sf], – -!_ lgod zLif{sdf /x]sf æsf7sf] cf];f/ k;f/Æ eGg] zAbx?sf] ;§f æjg k}bfjf/sf] cf];f/ k;f/Æ eGg] zAbx? /flvPsf 5g\ M– -@_ pklgod -$_ kl5 b]xfosf pklgod -$s_, -$v_ / -$u_ ylkPsf 5g\ M– æ-$s_ pklgod -#_ / -$_ dfh'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd btf{ gePsf] lghL jg wgLn] To:tf] lghL jgdf /x]sf cg';rL–@^ adf]lhdsf ?v cg'dlt glnO{ s6fg ug{ / To;sf] sf7 bfp/f 5f]8k'lh{ glnO{ cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-$v_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd btf{ gePsf] lghL jg wgLn] To:tf] lghL jgdf /x]sf cg';rL–@& adf]lhdsf h8La'6L jf cGo jg k}bfjf/ 5f]8k'lh{ glnO{ cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-$u_ pklgod -$s_ / -$v_ adf]lhd sf7 bfp/f, h8La'6L jf cGo jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/ k;f/ ubf{ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{no jf ;f] sfof{nosf] sfo{If]qleqsf] Onfsf jg sfof{noaf6 sf7 bfp/fsf] xsdf cg';r " L–@* adf]lhd / hl8a'6L jf cGo jg k}bfjf/sf] xsdf cg';r " L–@( adf]lhd nut k|dfl0ft u/fpg' kg]5 { .Æ

#= d"n lgodfjnLdf cg';"rL ykM d"n lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rL–@% kl5 b]xfosf cg';"rL–@^, cg';"rL–@&, cg';"rL–@* / cg';"rL–@( ylkPsf 5g\ M–

æcg';"rL–@^

-lgod ^@ sf] pklgod -$s_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ btf{ gePsf] lghL jg wgLn] s6fg ug{ cg'dlt lng' gkg]{ / sf7 bfp/f cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ 5f]8k'lh{ lng' gkg]{ ?vx? != cfFk @= lnrL #= s6x/ $= cDaf %= xn'jfj]b ^= OdnL &= nx/]lkkn *=uf]N8df]x/ (= jL/]Gb|km"n !)= skf]s !!=asfO{gf] !@= gLd !#= aa'/÷aa'n !$= d;nf !%= l;;f} -j[Iff/f]k0f_ !^= OlknOlkn !&= sbd !*= l6s !(= Sofl;of l;ofldof @)= sfe|f] @!=nK;L @@= df]nf6f] @#= 6'gL

æcg';"rL–@&

-lgod ^@ sf] pklgod -$v_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ btf{ gePsf] lghL jg wgLn] cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ 5f]8k'lh{ lng' gkg]{ jg k}bfjf/ -s_ h8La'6L != l/¶f @= lnrL #= ?b|fIf $= cdnf %= a]lwkmn÷af]lwlrQ ^= lrp/L &= l6d'/ *= t]hkft (= lr/fOtf] !)= s'l/nf]÷;tfj/L !!=l;N6Ld'/ !@= a]n !#= d;nfsf] kft -v_ cGojg k}bfjf/ !=cld|;f]÷clDn;f] @= afF;

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

cg';"rL –@*

-lgod ^@ sf] pklgod -$u_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ btf{ gePsf] lghL jgaf6 pTkflbt sf7 bfp/f cf];f/ k;f/ nut k|dfl0ft kmf/fd lhNnf jg sfof{no=======================, ========================, Onfsf jg sfof{no != hUufwgLsf] gfdM $= s6fg ?v ;+VofM &= 6fFrfsf] ljj/0f M qm=;+=

jg k}bfjf/sf] k|hflt

@= 7]ufgf %= pTkflbt kl/0ffdM -s_ sf7 M -v_ bfp/f M *= l;nsf] ljj/0f M lsl;d -sf7÷bfp/f_

gfk -;fO{h_ nDafO{ -lkm6_ uf]nfO{ -O{Gr_

#= lsQf g+= M ^= n}hfg] :yfg M (= n}hfg] cjlw M yfg

kl/df0f

s}lkmot

hDdf kl/df0f

b|i6JoM

!= o; kmf/fd adf]lhdsf] jg k}bfjf/ g]kfnleq dfq cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ ;lsg]5 . @= af6f]df kg]{ jg r]skf]i6x?n] b/lk7 u/L 5fl8lbg' kg]{5 . #= o; kmf/fdsf] Ps k|lt lgj]bsnfO{ lbO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no / Onfsf jg sfof{nodf Ps Psk|lt /fVg' kg]{5 . $= lgj]bg lbPsf] ;ft lbg leq 6fFrf nufO{ kGw| lbgleq lgj]bsnfO{ o; adflhdsf] nut k|dfl0ft kmf/fd k|fKt x'g]5 . hUufwgL jf nut tof/ ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf]– vl/bstf{sf],– gfdM gfdM kbM /]~h/ b:tvtM b:tvtM

k|dfl0ft ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf]– gfdM kbM lhNnf jg clws[t÷;xfos jg clws[t b:tvtM

cg';"rL –@(

-lgod ^@ sf] pklgod -$u_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ btf{ gePsf] lghL jgaf6 pTkflbt h8La'6L tyf cGo jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/ k;f/ nut k|dfl0ft kmf/fd lhNnf jg sfof{no=======================, ========================, Onfsf jg sfof{no != hUufwgLsf] gfdM $= n}hfg] :yfg M qm=;+=

@= 7]ufgf %= n}hfg] cjlw

jg k}bfjf/sf] gfd

OsfO{

#= lsQf g+= M ^= l;nsf] ljj/0fM kl/df0f

KoflsË yfg -af]/f÷ef/L_

s}lkmot

hDdf kl/df0f

b|i6JoM != o; kmf/fd adflhdsf] u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ g]kfnleq dfq cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ ;lsg]5 . @= af6f]df kg]{ jg r]skf]i6x?n] b/lk7 u/L 5fl8lbg' kg]{5 . #= o; kmf/fdsf] Ps k|lt lgj]bsnfO{ lbO{ lhNnf jgsfof{no / Onfsf jg sfof{nodf Ps Ps k|lt /fVg' kg]{5 . hUufwgL jf nut tof/ ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf]– vl/bstf{sf],– gfdM gfdM kbM /]~h/ b:tvtM b:tvtM

k|dfl0ft ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf]– gfdM kbM lhNnf jg clws[t÷;xfos jg clws[t b:tvtM

cf1fn] dw'k|;fb /]UdL g]kfn ;/sf/ ;lrj

27

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

28

cg';"rL–@

jg gLlt @)&!

-jgdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf;DaGwL Joj:yf_ (= p2]Zo (=$= jg If]qsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g Pj+ Joj:yfkgdf lghL If]qnfO{ ;d]t ;+nUg u/fO{ cfo cfh{g tyf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf ug] { . !!= /0fgLlt tyf sfo{gLlt jg gLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt cjnDag ul/g] 5 M gLlt %_ lghL If]qnfO{ jg ljsf; tyf lj:tf/df ;+nUg u/fpFb} jghGo pBdsf] k|j4{g, pTkfbgsf] ljljwLs/0f / ahf/Ls/0faf6 d"No clej[l4 / xl/t /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug] { . /0fgLlt -s_ lghL If]q ;d]tsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf jgsf] k'g:yf{kgf tyf Joj:yfkg ug] { .

-v_ lghL hUufdf jgsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ u/L jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg a9fO{ ;xh cfk"lt{sf] nflu k|fT] ;flxt ug] { .

-u_ h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] d"No clej[l4 u/L lgof{t ug{ k|fT] ;flxt ug] { .

-3_ jghGo tyf jGohGt'df cfwfl/t pBdsf] ljsf; ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ k|fT] ;flxt ug] { .

-ª_ ;/sf/L, ;fd'bflos, lghL tyf ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf nufgL k|j4{g u/L jghGo pBf]u/ Joj;fosf] :yfkgf, ljsf; / lj:tf/nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug] { . sfo{gLlt -!_ s[lif jg, jghGo sRrf kbfy{sf] pTkfbg / kof{–ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu sj'lnotL jgsf]?kdf jg If]q pknAw u/fO{ lghL If]qsf] nufgL k|fT] ;flxt ul/g] 5 .

-@_ lrl8ofvfgfsf] :yfkgf / jGohGt'sf] Joj;flos kfng, k|hgg, pkof]u, cf];f/ k;f/, laqmLljt/0f, lgsf;L tyf j}1flgs cWoog cg';Gwfg sfo{df lghL If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fOg] 5 .

-#_ jg If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;d]t nufgL a9fpgsf nflu jg ljsf; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf / ;~rfngul/g] 5 .

-$_ lghL jg btf{sf nflu k|fT] ;fxg ub}{ lghL jgaf6 pTkfbg x'g] jg k}bfjf/ / lghL hUufdf ePsf ?vsf] k|of]u tyf cf];f/ k;f/ k|lqmofnfO{ ;/n / ;xh agfOg] 5 .

-%_ lghL If]qnfO{ lghL jg, jghGo pBd tyf Joj;flos g;{/L k|j4{g ug{ cfjZos k|ljlw,;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f, cg'bfg / ladfsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .

-^_ h8La'6L tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] k|zf]wg u/L clGtd pTkfbg ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ k|fT] ;flxt ul/g] 5 .

-&_ jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]unfO{ sfi7 / u}/sfi7 pBf]udf juL{s/0f u/L sRrf kbfy{ ;/n/ ;xh ?kdf pknAw u/fOg] 5 .

-*_ cfly{s jg [Economic Forestry] pBf]usf nflu 5q 3gTj sd ePsf] jg If]q pknAw u/fOg] 5 .

-(_ sd pkof]udf /x]sf tyf Joj;flos k|of]udf cfpg g;s]sf sf7 k|hfltsf] klxrfg u/L d"No clej[l4, ahf/Ls/0f / pkof]u ug{ k|fT] ;fxg ul/g] 5 .

-!)_ jg tyf ;+/lIft If]qdf lghL If]qsf] nufgLdf kof{–ko{6gsf] k|j4{g ul/g] 5 .

-!!_ h8La'6L Pj+ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ v]tLdf lghL If]qnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg ug{ cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L pko'St v]tL k|ljlwsf] ljsf; u/L x:tfGt/0f ul/g] 5 .

-!@_ h8La'6L tyf j]t afF; nufotsf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] v]tL tyf d"No clej[l4 x'g] pBdsf]kj" f{wf/ lgdf{0f tyf k|ljlwsf] pkof]udf cg'bfg lbOg] 5 .

-!#_ Joj;flos k|of]hgsf] nflu sj'lnotL jg pknAw u/fpg] df}hb' f k|fjwfg / k|lqmofnfO{;/nLs[t u/L gbL psf;, au/ / jg leq /x]sf afFemf] ktL{ hUufnfO{ pTkfbg Ifdtf tyfk|rlnt d"Nosf] cfwf/df /fhZj lng] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .

-!$_ pRr d"Nosf, ;+s6fkGg, b'ne{ tyf nf]kf]Gd'v k|hfltsf jg:klt / h8La'6Lsf] klxrfg, lbuf];ª\sng, k'g?Tkfbgsf] ;'lglZrttf, k|ljlw ljsf;, Jofj;foLs/0f / ahf/Ls/0f ug{ ;d'bfotyf lghL If]qnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg ul/g] 5 .

-!%_ h}ljs ;'/Iff / Jofkfl/s dxTjsf h8La'6LhGo jg:kltsf] u'0f:t/ ljZn]if0f, jg:klthGo :j:Yo (Phytosanitary), k|df0fLs/0f nufot Jofkf/ k|j4{gsf] nflu cfjZos k|of]uzfnfsf] :yfkgf / :t/f]Gglt ul/g] 5 .

-!^_ jghGo pTkfbgsf] u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f ug{ / k|df0fLs/0f u/L /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ahf/k|j4{gsf nflu pko'Qm ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 .

-!&_ jftfj/0fLo ;]jfsf] klxrfg tyf ;f] sf] ahf/Ls/0f ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg ul/g] 5 .

-!*_ jg If]qsf] ljsf; / jg pBd k|j4{gsf nflu lghL, ;fj{hlgs / ;d'bfosf aLr ;xsfo{ / lghL If]q / ;d'bfosf aLr ;fem]bf/LnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg ul/g] 5 .

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

cg';"rL–# National Workshop on "Economic Sustainability of Forest Resources in Nepal" (Friday, Badhra 4, 2072; Venue: The Malla Hotel, Lainchour, Kathmandu)

PROGRAMME SCHEDULE 1:00-1:30 PM

Registration and Tea/Snacks Inaugural Session (1:30-4:25 PM)

1:30- 1:45

Chair: President, FNCCI Chief Guest: Minister, Ministry of Forest & Soil Conservation Special Guests: Member of Constitution Assembly (Chairman and others) Secretary, Ministry of Forest & Soil Conservation Secretary, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Secretary, Ministry of Finance Secretary, Ministry of Commerce & Supplies Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture Development Secretary, Ministry of Cooperative & Poverty Alleviation Guests

1:45- 1:50

Welcome Remarks by Mr. Kishore Kumar Pradhan, Vice President and Chairperson of Forestry Enterprise Development Board, FED, FNCCI

1:50-1:55

Inauguration of the Workshop by the Chief Guest

1:55-2:30

Presentation on"Private Sector in Forestry: Vehicle for Economic Sustainability of Forest Resources & Green Jobs”-Dr. Bharat Pokharel, Country Director, HELVETAS

2:30- 3:00

Presentation on“Sustainability of Forest Product based Enterprises-Policy related Constraints & their Solutions”- Mr. Dil Raj Khanal, NRM Advocate

3:00- 3:30

Presentation on "Trade of Forest based Products- A Global Perspective"- Dr. Posh Raj Pandey, Chairman, SAWTEE

3:30-3:40

Remarks by Hon'ble Member, Constituent Assembly

3:40-4:05

Address by the Chief Guest

4:05- 4:20

Concluding Remarkby the Chair Workshop Continue Discussion Session (4:20-6:30)

4:20-5:20

Chair: Secretary, Ministry of Forest & Soil Conservation Commentators & Discussants: Former Secretary & Economist Mr. Rameshwor Khanal, Former Secretary & Forestry Expert Mr. Keshav Kanel, and Professor Bishwambher Pyakuryal, Ph.D.

5:20-6:00

Floor Open(Question & Answer)

6:00-6:15

Concluding Remark by Chair

6:15-6:30

Vote of Thank by Mr. Govinda Ghimire, FED Board Member, FNCCI To be followed by Dinner

29

30

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

cg';"rL–$ LIST OF PARTICIPANTS SN

Name

Designation

Organization

Email

1

Honb'ble Mr. Mahesh Acharya

Minister

Ministry Of Forest & Soil Conservation

2

Honb'ble Mr. Janak Raj Chaudhary

Chairman

Legislation-Parliament, Environment Conservation Committee

Janakchaudhary890@gmail.com

3

Hon'ble Mr. Parbat Gurung

Member

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Mr. Pashupati Murarka Mr. Kush Kumar Joshi Mr. Madhu Pd. Regmi Mr. Kishore Kumar Pradha Prof. Dr. Bishyambhar Pyakurel Mr. Rameshore Khanal Mr. Uday Raj Sharma Mr. Resham Dangi Mr. Posh Raj Pandey Mr. Bishnu Gyawali

President Former President Secretary Vice President/ Chairperson President Chairperson Expert Joint Secretary Chairman General Secretary

14

Mr. Keshav Kanel

Former Secretary

15 16 17 18 19 20

Mr. Chudamani Joshi Prof. A.K. Das Mr. Ishwari P. Ghimire Mr. Y.B Thapa Ms. Rashmila Shrestha Mr. Shanker Kr. Giri

Special Advisor Coordinator Executive Director Freelancer Director AFE Officer

Legislation-Parliament, Environment Conservation Committee FNCCI FNCCI Ministry of Forest FNCCI/FED Board, FNCCI Nepal Economic Association PCTMDB -----MFSC SAWTEE FoPFS Ministry of Land Reform and Management Embassy of Finland TGGN Project TEPC Natural Aromatic Products MOFSC

hbtlp@yahoo.com pashupati@murarkagroup.com neck@wlink.com.np regmimadhu@gmail.com kisorkpradhan@gmail.com bishwambher@yahoo.com rameshorek@gmail.com udayshar@gmail.com reshamdangi@hotmail.com posh.pandey@sawtee.org bishnugyawali@gmail.com keshavkanel@gmail.com chudamani.Joshi@formin.fi dasabhoy@hotmail.com ishwaripg@gmail.com ybthapa1@gmail.com rasbotanist@live.com skgiri2004@yahoo.com

21

Mr. Lok Nath Ghimire

AFE Officer

MOFSC

lokbomdhull1@gmail.com

22

Mr. Durga Bhandari

Central EC Member

Veneer Utpadak Sangh, Jhapa

durga_bhandari@hotmail.com

23

Mr. Sagar K. Rimal

Under Secretary

MOFSC

rimalsagar@yahoo.com

24

Mr. Govind B. Shrestha

Under Secretary

MOFSC

govindbs44@yahoo.co.uk

25

Mr. Janak Bdr. Dhami

AG Officer

MOAD

jbdhami2009@yahoo.com

26 27

Ms. Sushma Upadhya Mr. Suresh K. Ghimire

Director General Asst. Professor

sushmaupadhayaya@gmail.com skghimire@cdbtu.edu.np

28

Mr. Binod Kr. Guragai

Executive Director

29 30 31

Mr. Binay Kumar Kushiyait Mr. Jagannath Koirala Mr. Govinda Ghimire

Executive Chairman General Manger President

Department of Plant Resources TU Youth Self Employment Fund, Ministry of Finance FPDB Herbs Production & Processing Co.Ltd NEHHPA

bkhushiyait@gmail.com jagannathkoirala@ymail.com ghimiregovinda31@gmail.com

32

Er. Birendra Kr. Yadav

General Manager

The Timber Corporation of Nepal

-

33 34 35 36

Mr. Pradip Maharjan Dr. Rajendra Giri Mr. Dhaanjaya Paudyal Mr. Ganesh Karki

Chief Executive Officer Managing Director NPC Chairperson

pradip.maharjan@aec-fncci.org giri72rajedra@gmail.com dhanen35@gmail.com kasbign@gmail.com

37

Mr. Manohar Bhandari

Bio-techologist

38

Mr. Puspa Ghimire

Program Manager

Agro Enterprise Center, FNCCI Singha Durbar MSFP-PCO FECOFUN Patanjali Herbs Agro & Processing Industries ANSAB

info@ysef.gov.np

puspaghimire@ansab.org

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

SN

Name

Designation

Organization

Email

39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

Mr. Kalyan Gauli Mr. Dil Bahadur Chhetri Mr. Sita Aryal Mr. Ghanshyam Pandey Mr. Mohan Manandhar Mr. Sandeep Baral Mr. V.N Sharma Mr. Shobha Ojha Mr. Dil Raj Khanal Mr. Mahamd Kaz Khan Mr. Mahesh Dhakal Mr. Arjun Pakhrin Mr. Rabin Rahul Mr. Ram Raja Bajracharya Ms. Asha Mr. Saksham Regmi Ms. Sabita Upreti Mr. Sunil Bajracharya Mr. Janak Tiwari Mr. Krishna Adhikari Dr. Rajan Pokharel Mr. Sambriddhi Rijal Mr. Rajeeb Pandey Mr. Hari Bista Mr. Pratiksha Thapa Mr. Ashok Kr. Todi Mr. Gopal Baraili Mr. Hasta Bdr. Bam Mr. Bhim Bdr. Thapa Mr. Prem Raj Khadka Mr. Kapil Adhikari Mr. Anil Ranjit Mr. Jagat Narayan Mr. Devendra Pd. Dhakal

Manager Scientific Officer Program Director President Secretary Managing Director Managing Director Section Officer Advocate Member Project Coordinator Journalist Reporter Camera Person Reporter Photo Journalist Reporter Photo Journalist Secretary Editor DG Student Board Member EC Member Student EC Member Sub Editor Member President Member President Vice Treasurer Vice President Secretary

MSFP DPR GFM Green Foundation Nepal HANDPASS Everest Aroma Patanjali Herbs MOCS NRM Law FECOFUN Bajang Foundation Nepal Samachar Patre Saptik Punar Jagran Nepal Mandal TV News 24 Hamro Viewfinder News 24 New Business Age Perform Nepal RSS DOF KK College NEHHPA Surkhet CCI Surkhet CCI FNCCI Commander Post Daily CCI, Kalikot CCI, Nawalparasi CCI, Jajarkot FenFIT Nepal FenFIT Nepal FenFIT Nepal NEHHPA

k-gauli@msfp.org.np chhetridil@yahoo.com siaryal@gmail.com pandeygs2002@gmail.com nepal.handpass@gmail.com everestaroma@gmail.com viansharma@gmail.com ojhasova@gmail.com dilcommon@gmail.com mdahal2008@yahoo.com pakhrin.arjun@gmail.com rachalica@hotmail.com nepalmandalnews@gmail.com sakmac@yahoo.com sabitaupreti58@gmail.com 912bcs@gmail.com janakn123@yahoo.com kisna@yahoo.com rajan-p@hotmail.com sambriddhirijal@yahoo.com ganga malafilms@gmail.com thapaprahvsha2010@gmail.com ashok@mcnepal.com gopalgpr@gmail.com Kalicci@yahoo.com projon_kismat@yahoo.com kapil.adhikari333@gmail.com anilranjit509@gmail.com jagatmaharjan15@gmail.com dhakaldebendra@gmail.com

73

Mr. Iccha Bahadur Karki

Vice President

Handemade Paper Association, Nepal

naturalpapercraft@gmail.com

74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83

Mr. Amar Thapa Magar Mr. Gyanendra Maskey Mr. Rajendra Lyalu Mr. Suman Shrestha Mr. Deepak Raj Khadka Mr. Shanker Shrestha Mr. Phabindra Pradhan Mr. Hari Om Sharma Lamichane Mr. Kedar Nath Sharma Mr. Man Singh Bhandari

Member President President Member Vice-President Member EC Member President Vice-President Treasurer

CCI, Pyuthan CCI, Okhaldhunga CCI, Khotang CCI, Sankhusabha CCI, Rukum CCI, Dailekh CCI, Bhojpur CCI, Prbat CCI, Prbat CCI, Prbat

amarmagar@gmail.com occiokhal@gmail.com rajulayalu@gmail.com sscci_khandbari01@yahoo.com drk.deepakraj@gmail.com chamber.dailekh@gmail.com phabindrapra12@gmail.com pcci@yahoo.com pcci@yahoo.com singhma@yahoo.com

84

Mr. Narayan Gharti Chhetri

EC Member

CCI, Mygdi

myagdiccicpp@gmail.com

85

Mr. Ram Dutta Rawal

President

CCI, Jumla

fccijumla@yahoo.com

31

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

32

SN

Name

Designation

Organization

Email

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112

Mr. Dil Sundar Shrestha Mr. Sudarshan Acharya Mr. Khusal Ram Ghimire Mr. Brikha Bdr. Shahi Dr. Suman Karna Mr. Mukesh Upadhyaa Mr. Pankaj Kr. Das Mr. Ram Bahadur Chand Mr. Purushottam Lal Hada Mr. Ratna Lal Shrestha Mr. Raj Kumar Sharma Mr. Shekhar Kr. Yadav Mr. Pragati Dhakal Mr. Rajendra Prajapati Mr. CL Chaudhary Mr. Sushil Gyawali Mr. Gopal Tiwari Mr. Shova Upadhyaa Mr. Sudhan Shrestha Mr. Nabil Poudel Mr. Meena Shrestha Mr. Jeevan Devi Kansakar Mr. Kul Prasad Pandey Mr. Madhav Mulmi Mr. Bidur Lamichhane Mr. Saroj Koirala Mrs. Anila Onta

President Ex. VDC Chairman Executive Officer Secretary Disaster Specialist Advisor Sr. Prog. Officer MD Program Chief AFE MD President Reporter Vice-President PCTMCDB General Secretery Coordinator President Director Director Director Assistant Director Assistant Director Senior reporter Senior reporter

CCI, Dhulikhel Decentralization Support Society CCI, Dang FECOFUN IOM/UN CIM GIZ/INCLUDE Everest Agro NPQP, Hariharbhawan Forestry Everest Agro Nepal Forestors Association Karobar Daily FenFIT GoN NEHHPA NBF CCI, Morang CCI, Salyan CCI, Salyan FNCCI FNCCI FNCCI FNCCI FNCCI NEFEJ/Aakhijhyal -

dhulikhelcci@gmail.com deekshita.acharya@gmail.com khusal.dangdcci@gmail.com brikha.shahi1@gmail.com sumankarna@hotmail.com mupadhya28@gmail.com pankaj.das@giz.de ramchand53@gmail.com purushottamhaada@gmail.com ramchand53@gmail.com skyshekhar2003@yahoo.com dhakalpragati19@gmail.com rajendra31061@yahoo.com clc_25@hotmail.com sushilagyawali@gmail.com kajitiwari@gmail.com sudhanshrestha@yahoo.com salyan_chamber@yahoo.com meena@fncci.org jeevandevi@fncci.org kp.pandey77@gmail.com madhav@fncci.org fncci.publication@gmail.com sarojkoirala988@gmail.com anuonta@yahoo.com

113

Mr. Kumar Khatiwada

Chief Reporter

Arthik Sambridhi

dearkumar.og@gmail.com

114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126

Mr. Krishna Giri Mr. Hari prasad Mr. Raj Kaji Ranjit Mr. Deependra Chaolagain Ms. Sima Rijal Mr. Navaraj Chalise Mr. Menon Raj Rajbhandari Mr. Biku Ram Mr. Parsuram Nepal Mr. Ajit Kumar Gupta Mr. Basu Dev Pandey Mr. Manohara Shrestha Mr. Prakash Pode

GS Advisor Director member Journalist Cameraman Camera Man Senior Officer FED Division Manager Information Officer Senior Assistant Office Assistant

Annapurna Post DCCI Edu.com Samriddhi Kishan Sanjal News 24 GM Media Pvt. Ltd. Aakii Jhyal FNCCI FNCCI FNCCI FNCCI FNCCI

nischalgiri@gmail.com hari.fnbsb@gmail.com rajkajiranjit@gmail.com deependra@samriddhi.org sima.rijal015@yahoo.com navastar@gmail.com gmmediakathmandu@gmail.com nepalparshu@gmail.com gajitfncci@gmail.com basu.pandey@gmail.com fncci.publication@gmail.com -

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

cg';"rL–%

WORKSHOP PHOTOS

(FNCCI Pres. Mr. Pashupati Murarka welcoming Hon'ble Forest Minister Mahesh Acharya)

(Hon'ble Forest Minister Mahesh Acharya, Chief Guest of the workshop, inaugaurating the worshop)

(FNCCI Vice Pres. & Chairperson of Forest Enterprise Dev. Board Mr. Kishore Kr. Pradhan delivering welcome speech)

(From left: Dr. Bharat Pokharel, Country Director, HELVETAS; Advocate Mr. Dil Raj Khanak, NRM Expert; and Dr. Posh Raj Pandey, Chairman, SAWTEE; presenting papers on Private sector in forestry, Policy related issues & hurdles of Forest based enterprises and Trade of Forest based Products-A Global Perspective respectively)

(From left: Workshop Chief Guest Hon'ble Forest Minister Mahesh Acharya; FNCCI Pres. Mr. Pashupati Murarka; and Hon'ble CA Member & Chairperson of Legislation-Parliament Janak Raj Chaudhary; respectively addressing to the participants)

(From left: Mr. Rameshwor Khanal, Chairperson, Rastrapati Chure Terai Madhesh Bikash Board; Mr. Keshav Kanel, Former Secretary & Forestry Expert;and Prof. Dr. Bishwambher Pyakuryal, Economist making comments on their respective papers presented)

33

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

34

(From left Mr. Kush Kr. Joishi, Former President, FNCCI, Mr.Binod Kr. Guragai, Executive Director, Youth Self Employment Fund, MoF, Mr. Ashok Kr. Todi, EC Member, FNCCI & Mr. Ishowri Pd. Ghimire, Executive Director, Trade and Export Promotion Center)

(From left Mr. Hari Gautam, President, Federatin of Private Forestry Stakeholders Nepal, Mr.Pradeep Kr. Maharjan, Chief Executive Officer, FNCCI-AEC, Mr. Chudamani Joshi, Special Advisor, Embassy of Finland & Mr. Pankaj Kr. Das, Sr. Programme Officer, GIZ/INCLUDE)

(From left: Ms. Sushma Upadhya, DG, DPR; Mr. Shekhar Kr. Yadav, President, NFA; Mr. Ganesh Karki, President, FECOFUN; & Mr. Kapil Adhikary, President, FenFIT Nepal)

(From left: Mr. V N Sharma, MD, Patanjali Herbs; Mr. C L Chaudhary, Forestry Expert; Mr. Bishnu Gyawali, GS, FPFSN; Mr. Anil Ranji, Vice Treasurer, FenFIT Nepal; & Mr. Debendra Dhakal, Secretary, NEHHPA)

g]kfndf jg;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;

(From left: Mr. Resham Dangi, Chief, ForestEnterpise & Mgnt. Division, MoFSC addressing the issues raised during discussion; MoFSC Secretary Mr. Madhu Pd. Regmi, Chair of the dscussion session along with FNCCI Vice Pres. Mr. Kishor Kr. Pradhan concluding the discussion session;& finally, NEHHPA President Mr. Govinda Ghimire, Coordinator of the Workshop giving his Votes of Thanks)

35

jg pBd dxfzfvf g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 6]s', sf7df08f}+ . kmf]g g+= $@^@)^! km\ofS; g+= $@^@))& Od]n M fed@fncci.org j]a;fO6M www.fnccifed.org.np

www.fncci.org