Erosion Control January/February 2016

CHANNEL STABILIZATION PERMEABLE PAVERS COMPACT EQUIPMENT

OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION EROSIONCONTROL.COM JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2016

HIGHWAY

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

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ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS

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CONTENTS

January/February 2016 Vol. 23, No. 1

FEATURES

18

Erosion Control for Highway Construction Projects

24

Channel Stabilization and Repair

18

The linear challenge

By Carol Brzozowski

Techniques to fix flood damage, erosion, and undercutting of roads

By Linda Robinson

32

Paving Stormwater Away

40

The Ins and Outs of Compact Equipment

24 40

Permeable options to handle runoff

By Margaret Buranen

Finding the right machine for the job, and deciding whether to buy or lease

By Carol Brzozowski

DEPARTMENTS 6 10 50 54

Editor’s Comments 55 Spotlight IECA News 56 Marketplace/ ShowCase Advertiser’s Index Products & Services Directory 58 Reader Profile Cover photo: istock/asterix0597

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Editor Production Editor

Janice Kaspersen jkaspersen@forester.net

32 Sales & Marketing Coordinator Director of Advertising Sales

Kelsey Gripenstraw

Managing Production Editor

Brianna Duncan

Graphic Designer

IT/Online Support

Steven Grimaud

Senior Designer

Web Editor

David Rachford

Webmaster

Nadia English nenglish@forester.net

Assistant Editor Director of Online Media & IT Group Editor Brand Managers

Senior Brand Managers

Production Manager Art Director Director of Circulation

Arturo Santiago John Richardson John Trotti jtrotti@forester.net Shane Stevens, Glenys Archer, Suzy Shidlovsky, Laine Wilkinson Campbell Baker Mark Gersten, Geoff Solo, Eileen Duarte

Carmody Cutter

Conference Sales & Marketing Conference Director

Adam Schaffer aschaffer@forester.net Tyler Adair Deja Hsu Doug Mlyn Judith Geiger

Accountant / Chair, Love and Happiness Committee AR / AP Finance & HR Manager

Steven Wayner swayner@forester.net

Publisher

Marketing Coordinator, Phil Johnson Education & Training pjohnson@forester.net Product Marketing Manager, Education & Training Director of Education & Training

Brigette Burich Scott Nania snania@forester.net Courtney Keele Keith Rodgers John Pasini jpasini@forester.net Daniel Waldman dw@forester.net

Hayley Hogan hhogan@forester.net Beth Tompkins btompkins@forester.net

25th

FORESTER ANNIVERSARY

EROSION CONTROL (ISSN 1073-7227) is published seven times a year by Forester Media Inc., 2946 De la Vina Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, 805-682-1300, fax 805-682-0200, e-mail address: publisher@forester.net, website: www.foresternetwork.com. Periodical postage paid at Santa Barbara, CA, and additional mailing offices. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. Entire contents ©2015 by Forester Media Inc. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Erosion Control, 440 Quadrangle Drive Ste E, Bolingbrook, IL 60440. Change of address notices also may be completed online at www.cdsreportnow.com/renew/now?ecm or mailed to 440 Quadrangle Drive Ste E, Bolingbrook, IL 60440; provide old mailing label as well as new address, include zip code or postal code. Allow two months for change. Editorial contributions are welcome. All material must be accompanied by stamped return envelopes and will be handled with reasonable care.

However, publishers assume no responsibility for safety of art work, photographs, or manuscripts. Every precaution is taken to ensure accuracy, but the publishers cannot accept responsibility for the correctness or accuracy of information supplied herein or for any opinion expressed. Subscription Rates: seven issues of Erosion Control are $76 per year in US ($95 in Canada, $160 elsewhere). Send the completed subscription card with a check to Erosion Control, 440 Quadrangle Drive Ste E, Bolingbrook, IL 60440, or fax with credit card info to 616-891-5669. Reprints: All editorial material in Erosion Control is available for reprints. Call 805-679-7604 or e-mail reprints@forester.net for additional information. List Rentals: 1-800-529-9020 ext. 5003, dfoster@inforefinery.com. Articles appearing in this journal are indexed in Environmental Periodicals Bibliography. Back issues may be ordered (depending on available inventory) for $15 per copy in US ($20 in Canada, $35 elsewhere). Send written requests for back issues along with check or money order in US funds payable to Erosion Control, PO Box 3100, Santa Barbara, CA 93130, USA. Provide address for where the copies should be shipped. Allow six weeks for delivery.

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Editor’s Comments Janice Kaspersen

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

Should We Stay or Should We Go?

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ISTOCK/LEADINGLIGHTS

THE UK’S NATIONAL TRUST— a membership-based organization that protects natural sites as well as historic buildings—has begun advocating a different approach to coping with coastal erosion. The country needs to abandon its “Churchillian” attitude of “holding the line,” the organization says, and consider letting some areas go.

The Trust, responsible for 775 miles of coastline, is acknowledging that not all of it can be protected; rising sea levels and the associated increases in coastal erosion and flooding are inevitable. In 2013 and 2014, for example, storms and high tides caused damage that would normally be expected only over a much longer period. “Rather than trying to simply stop change, such as coastal erosion, we plan ahead for change, protecting wildlife and adapting our own buildings and activities,” the Trust says. “Coastal ‘defence’ as the only response to managing coastal change looks increasingly less plausible.”

Instead, the Trust is putting in place various coastal adaptation strategies over the next five years, with the general theme of “rolling back”: relocating buildings, infrastructure, and even habitat. “We must be driven by long-term sustainable plans, not short-term engineered defences,” the Trust’s Coast and Marine Advisor says in the organization’s report Shifting Shores 2015 (available at http://bit.ly/1OT4rIp).

Rolling back is easier in concept than in practice, however. In the US, roughly 123 million people—close to 40% of us—live near the coasts. Many cities are adopting zoning restrictions to limit new development in highrisk areas, but in others—New York City, for example—a new wave of expensive condos and hotels is being built right on the waterfront. A New York real-estate agent said, in an article last year on the city’s development, “Everybody’s going to build wherever they can, every inch. Unless we are permanently underwater, I don’t think there will be much change.”

Sometimes physical coastal defenses are

BOB ADAIR Managing Partner Construction EcoServices LLC Houston, TX JOSEPH A. CREA, CPESC, CPSWQ, CISEC Environmental Compliance Specialist Kleinfelder Exton, PA JERALD S. FIFIELD, PH.D., CPESC, CISEC President HydroDynamics Inc. Parker, CO DONALD GRAY, PH.D. Professor, Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI MICHAEL HARDING, CPESC Geosyntec Consultants Inc. San Diego, CA

necessary because there is really nowhere else to go, or because the cost of doing nothing is too great. The state of Florida has a mean elevation of just 100 feet above sea level, for example—lower in most coastal regions—so moving to higher ground isn’t an option.

And a recent report from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shows that the “ocean economy”—the areas and economic sectors bordering the oceans and Great Lakes—is growing four times faster than the US economy as a whole, so there is strong financial incentive to stay put.

What’s the right balance? If you live in a coastal region, are there zoning restrictions or “rollback” plans in place to limit development or relocate critical infrastructure?

How do the scope of those efforts compare to the investment in physical defenses—sea walls, floodgates, beach nourishment, wetland restoration, and similar measures?

And if you’re someplace inland, how much emphasis do you think the US should be placing on protecting coastal property and infrastructure? Many have argued that the National Flood Insurance Program requires people outside the coastal zones to bear an excessive burden. (An article in the May 2014 issue of Stormwater magazine explores the issue in detail. It’s available at http://bit.ly/1Na3mtI.) Do you agree? Join the discussion at www.foresternetwork. com/magazines/erosion-control. EC

RICK LIPCSEI Project Engineer, Environmental and Land Services Georgia Transmission Corp.

Tucker, GA JETT MCFALLS Hydraulic, Sedimentation and Erosion Control Laboratory Manager Texas Transportation Institute College Station, TX MICHAEL B. MCINTYRE, CPESC Construction Inspector City of Virginia Beach, VA CURT M. MILLWARD Environmental & Safety Compliance Officer Centex Homes DFW Metro Dallas, TX EDWARD B. PERRY, PH.D. Research Civil Engineer Vicksburg, MS J. ERIC SCHERER, CPESC, CPSWQ, CESSWI Southern Rhode Island Conservation District Kingston, RI ROBBIN SOTIR President Robbin B. Sotir & Associates Marietta, GA GILBERTO E. URROZ, PH.D., P.E. Assoc. Professor, Civil/ Environmental Engineering Utah State University Utah Water Research Laboratory Logan, UT WILLIAM YOUNG Wildlife Ecologist Young Environmental LLC Jackson, NJ

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THE SURFACE WATER CONFERENCE &

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ER QUALITY & EXPO

s i l o p a n a i d In

August 22-25, 2016

Every year StormCon gets bigger and better. The number of participating municipalities continues to grow, which means the number of professionals who are exposed to the value of StormCon grows.

At StormCon one of our main goals is to educate. The value and necessities of stormwater, erosion, and land management education for public works professionals will be better served as we co-locate with WasteCon in Indianapolis for 2016.

Explore a variety of new topics and expand your knowledge of what’s happening in stormwater management, recyclables, and waste management practices.

www.stormcon.com

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NEWS International Erosion Control Association

®

REGION ONE

CONFERENCE PREVIEW | 10 PARTNERS | 13 MEMBER SPOTLIGHT | 14 IECA ON LOCATION | 16 2015 AWARD WINNERS | 17

ISTOCK/DAVID SUCSY

Top-Notch Education + The Best Expo Hall of its Kind

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his year’s Environmental Connection will be held at the Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center in San Antonio, Texas. IECA’s annual conference and expo is the premier gathering place for erosion control industry professionals to learn about best management practices, new technologies, and case studies that will help make their jobs easier.

All courses and sessions are reviewed and accepted by IECA’s Professional Development Committee. IECA values continuing education and wants to equip you with knowledge and information to help you tackle your toughest challenges.

Environmental Connection 2016 offers seven full-day courses on Tuesday, February 16. The full-day courses, awarding 7 professional development hour (PDH) credits or 0.7 continuing education units (CEUs), include: • EC1-0216-7A: Bioingenieria de Suelos en Zonas Tropicales (en español) • EC1-0216-7B: RUSLE2 Training for Construction Site Applications • EC1-0216-7C: Bio-Technical Remediation of Urban Channels • EC1-0216-7D: Innovative Designs for Erosion,

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Sediment, and Turbidity Control for Construction Projects • EC2-0216-7: Scour Analysis for Streambank Stabilization • EC3-0216-7: Cost-Effective Stormwater Pollution Prevention Solutions • EC4-0216-7: Phase II MS4 Program Compliance and Effectiveness All full-day courses (except EC1-0216-7A) are worth 0.7 IACET CEUs, which is equivalent to 7 PDHs. If you do not meet the requirements to attain CEU credits or do not require CEU credits, you will be awarded PDH credits.

Over 130 technical sessions.

Inspiring case studies, thought-provoking forums, and original research make up the Environmental Connection 2016 technical sessions. Learn proven techniques to stay ahead in a competitive market. These sessions are included with the purchase of any conference pass. The sessions are presented in a variety of formats such as: • Training workshops • Product practicums • Case studies • Poster presentations • Forums • Half-day sessions • Technical papers WWW.EROSIONCONTROL.COM

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ENVIRONMENTAL CONNECTION 2016

The Environmental Connection 2016 expo hall has 60,000 square feet of solutions.

Environmental Connection exhibitors will be launching new products, demonstrating cutting-edge technology, and sharing the ways their services can meet your unique needs. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to find solutions to your toughest challenges. Our expo hall hours are Thursday from 9 a.m.–5 p.m. and Friday from 9 a.m.–2 p.m. We will also celebrate the expo hall opening with a reception, sponsored by L&M and Brentwood Industries, on Thursday from 3–5 p.m. Join us for appetizers, drinks, and a Selfie Challenge where you can win up to $100 in cash!

More Expo Hall Features Kick Your Feet Up and Relax in the Relax Bar We know you will need a little relaxation time after a long day of education and walking the aisles of the expo hall. We hear ya! Get a relaxing massage by trained masseuses from Oak Haven Massage, a San Antonio company that prides themselves on relaxing their clients therapeutically. Rest assured you will be relaxed and ready for many more productive education hours that lie ahead.

Thursday Hours: 11 a.m.–3 p.m.

Friday Hours: 10 a.m.–1 p.m.

Location: Expo Hall, Booths #114 and #715 Sponsored by

Prize Drawings Who wants to win a tablet? IECA will be giving away one, as well as many other great prizes in the expo hall.

Thursday Hours: 12:50 p.m., 3:05 p.m., and 4:45 p.m.

Friday Hours: 10:20 a.m. and 1:30 p.m.

Professional Headshots You can get your professional headshot taken at IECA’s Environmental Connection 2016. The best part: it’s free! So, don’t forget to pack at least one professional outfit so that you can take a nice photo to share with your company, and for personal and social media use. Photos will be taken on Friday.

Friday Hours: 9:30–10:30 a.m. and 11:30 a.m.–12:30 p.m.

Let’s Talk Hashtags Are you attending Environmental Connection? Start connecting with us on Twitter by using the hashtag #ECCON2016 and following us @IECARegion1.

Learning Lounge Thursday, February 18 Rolanka, 12:15–12:45 p.m.

Erosion Control Technology Council, 1:00–1:30 p.m.

Erosion Control Blanket, 1:45–2:15 p.m.

MKB, 2:30–3:00 p.m.

Profile Products, 3:15–3:45 p.m.

Heavyweight Sediment Control Solutions, 4:00–4:30 p.m.

Friday, February 19 Nedia, 9:30–10:00 a.m.

Three Field Tours Offered Register early as spots fill up!

Field Tour T: San Antonio River Improvements Project— Mission Reach Field Tour F1: San Antonio River—Museum Reach/Underground Tunnels Tour Field Tour F2: Beckmann Quarry Tour See the Work of Industry Professionals and Our University Partners Each year, we host poster presentations, which are given by industry professionals and some of our University Partners.

These presentations are based on scientific methods and merit, which will be described within the display/presentation.

Presenters will be on hand on Thursday from 1:30–3:30 p.m. to discuss their posters. Awards will be given Friday from 12:30–12:45 p.m.

WIKIMEDIA

IECA News

Job Opportunities and Resume Postings On Thursday and Friday during expo hall hours, IECA is hosting a career center. Attendees are welcome to bring printed resumes to post on our resume board for potential job hires. Attendees are also welcome to bring printed job openings or internships to post on our job board to promote their companies’ unique opportunities.

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IECA News IECA News

ENVIRONMENTAL CONNECTION 2016

Hurry Before It’s Too Late—Make Your Hotel and Travel Arrangements Now Where Our Events Are Held IECA wants to help you plan your trip to Environmental Connection 2016.

Our conference and expo will be held at the Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center in downtown San Antonio. Full-day courses, held on February 16, will be held at the Hilton Palacio del Rio, just blocks away from the convention center.

Where to Rest Your Head IECA has arranged for special lodging pricing at our four host hotels. The discounted pricing is valid until January 25, 2016. To make your hotel reservation, visit www.ieca.org/travel.

San Antonio Marriott Riverwalk

Hilton Palacio del Rio

ISTOCK/INHAUSCREATIVE

Call for Presentations for the MS4 Conference

Nashville

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PA Region 4 and the Southeast Chapter of IECA Region One are hosting the third annual Municipal Wet Weather Stormwater Conference. The event will be held at the Holiday Inn Nashville Airport in Nashville, May 16–18, 2016. We are currently accepting presentation submittals. The deadline to submit is March 31, 2016.

Date May 16–18, 2016

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PDH Value Up to 14 PDHs can be earned.

Meeting and Parking Location Holiday Inn Nashville Airport 220 Elm Hill Pike Nashville, TN 37214 Call for Presentations Presentation(s) should include, but not be limited to one or more of the following conference topics, and each presentation will be limited to 45 minutes unless approved in advance by IECA for a longer timeframe: • Integrated or watershed based permitting • Sustainable development, LID, and green infrastructure

• TMDLs and watershed implementation plans • Stormwater funding and program management • Legal ordinances and regulations • Public education and outreach • Erosion and sediment control • Evaluation of stormwater practices and devices • Inspection methods and technologies • Stream evaluation, restoration, and monitoring For more information, visit www.ieca.org/ms4.

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Our Sincerest Gratitude IECA thanks its Environmental Connection 2016 Conference Sponsors and year-round corporate sponsors.

Without this support, we wouldn’t be a leading resource for education, information, and business opportunities for professionals in the erosion and sediment control and stormwater quality industries.

Environmental Connection 2016 Conference Sponsors

Summit

Mountain

ProGanics BIOTIC SOIL MEDIA

™

Foothills

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Beach American Excelsior

Informed Infrastructure

Applegate Mulch

JW Faircloth and Son

Brentwood Industries

Land and Water Magazine

Earthsavers

Landmark Turf & Native Seed

Hamilton Manufacturing

Mat Inc.

Hanes Geo Components

Nedia

Heavyweight Sediment Control

Phoenix Paper Products

Hydrostraw

Storm Water Solutions

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MEMBER SPOTLIGHT LEADERSHIP

10 Minutes With Adam Dibble

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ach issue, IECA honors one outstanding member who has shown dedication not only to the organization, but to the erosion and sediment control industry. We honor this member to show gratitude and support for all their accomplishments. This issue, it is our pleasure to feature an out-

In the field

heavily involved in learning the erosion control business and concentrated my efforts on understanding the key issues, BMPs, and other solutions. Over the last three years or so I’ve been mentored to be the brand/business manager for the erosion control business, which is my current role.

Q: Can you tell us a little bit about yourself and your life outside of work?

A: I have a passion for traveling, great food (all things bacon), and the University of Michigan sports teams. My family is the love of my life! My wife, Stephanie, and I are blessed to have great parents who are a large part of our life.

We also have a fur-baby, an 18 month old St. Bernard named Maizie Blu who keeps us busy.

Q: What do you like to do for fun?

A: I also like to cook. Also, Stephanie and I enjoy bike rides and taking our dog to parks and anywhere she can swim. In addition, Stephanie and I just became Lions season-ticket-holders, so I’m looking forward to attending all the home games.

Working on a project site

standing member and one of our newest board members, Adam Dibble, CESSWI. Dibble has been in the erosion and sediment control industry for six years, but in the marketing business for 15 years. This self-motivated fast thinker has pride and respect for his accomplishments and any projects he’s involved in.

Q: Can you tell us a little bit about your professional experience?

A: I am a “marketing guy” but really enjoy all aspects of business and management. Profile Products hired me for a marketing manager position, which opened the door to opportunities in different business categories and positions across our company. Over the last five years or so, I have been focused and

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Q: Tell us about your recent experience and projects.

A: I’ve never really thought of myself as a “green” guru, but I have a passion for doing things the right way and I truly believe in leaving any project better than when you started. I get to work handin-hand with our R&D and technical services department in the creation and development of new products, which are intended to create a positive impact on the environment. It is a feel-good moment knowing Profile has recycled over 2 billion pounds of wood and paper by removing it from waste streams and returning it to the natural environment. Seeing our products in action on job sites and the efforts in developing sustainable, earth-friendly products is extremely rewarding!

Q: What is something people don’t know about you?

A: In addition to our immediate family, our fraternity/sorority family and our closest friends have blessed my wife and me with the honor of being godparents to five children who we absolutely adore!

Q: What dives you to succeed professionally?

A: Seeing my efforts come to fruition and being motivated by colleagues who are truly the best and brightest in the industry. It’s like when someone in our team has a WIN, everyone does!

Any time I’m able to play a role in that success or provide support that enables

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Team building with Profile Products

Dibble with his St. Bernard, Maizie Blu

Dibble with his wife, Stephanie

successful project outcomes, it motivates me to step it up even more.

Q: What’s your IECA member experience?

A: I have been a member for six years. I was elected this past fall as a new IECA board member. I look forward to the next few years of helping serve IECA members. I’m also a committee member of the SOIL Fund and I am increasing my involvement to help expand the support the Fund offers. Often I’m the guy at the tradeshow sponsoring or the behind the scenes guy working on the education offering that Profile hosts with IECA. I’m going to challenge myself to be on the receiving end more.

Q: Why are you an IECA member?

A: Working for Profile Products (a cornerstone member), IECA membership and involvement is not just encouraged but it is part of our culture. For me, I took IECA as an opportunity to link with industry peers, get access to experts, and ultimately utilize the education to make me more knowledgeable.

I’ve been fortunate enough to make some great relationships with the staff at IECA who really are the best in the industry! My position requires that I’m heavily involved in the Environmental

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Connection annual conference, and as a sponsor I really look forward to seeing everyone and attending the sessions.

The IECA membership makes all of these things happen.

Q: What are your goals to further your IECA experience?

A: I’m looking to expand my chapter role in the coming year by working with the chapter president and members on developing and planning the next event.

Q: What are the most impactful issues regarding erosion and sediment control today?

A: Today, I think the most important issue is regarding the rule that establishes technical requirements for CCR [coal combustion residuals] land-

fills and surface impoundments under subtitle D of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. These regulations address the risks from coal ash disposal . . . leaking of contaminants into groundwater, blowing of contaminants into the air as dust, and the catastrophic failure of coal ash surface impoundments. A large portion of our energy still comes from these production facilities and I think it’s a major environmental issue that will and does have significant impact on our industry.

Q: What’s your best advice you can give someone new to the industry?

A: Ask questions and get involved . . . The more questions you ask the more understanding you will gain. The more involved you are the more experience you will get. I learn so much when I’m traveling with contractors and distributors, which is so valuable for anyone starting out. I always take a notebook so I can write down questions and thoughts from those meetings.

Q: How would you want to be remembered in the industry?

A: I want people to remember me being the guy who really gave 110% to everything he does. I might not always get the right answer and I may ruffle some feathers along the way, but I’m always striving to reach goals and objectives.

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IECA News IECA News

IECA ON LOCATION

Bring World-Class Training to Your Door

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ECA on Location is an educational service offered to those who desire to have course(s) conducted at their business site. In other words, “we bring IECA education to you!”

Our IECA faculty will customize their course content to meet the needs and goals of your organization as well as state and local requirements, to ensure compliance to regulations in your area. IECA is here to help every step of the way. IECA on Location is an affordable solution to saving the expenses normally associated with conference attendance.

About IECA Faculty IECA faculty are highly trained educators, who are experts in specific fields of erosion, sediment control, and stormwater management. They have years of classroom experience and have served IECA for many years as our premier educators.

What Are the Benefits?

1. We bring training to you at your office or location.

2. We manage the instructor and all of the travel arrangements.

3. Our instructors modify the content to address your regional issues.

4. You select the time and date of the training.

5. You save money and travel expense.

Course Information • Erosion and sediment control • Stormwater management • Surface water restoration • MS4 management • Other/certification

Cost The fee for most IECA on Location courses is $2,000 for fullday courses and $1,500 for half-day courses. There are also travel expenses for the instructor, which would include airfare, ground transportation, parking, and meals. As a client or sponsoring organization, you would be responsible for the fee and travel expenses.

Getting Started Complete our online form and let us know how IECA can meet your desired educational outcome. If you can’t find a course that specifically addresses your need—don’t worry— IECA will work with our faculty to customize a program. For more information and to fill out our form, visit www.ieca.org/ onlocation.

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IECA Names its 2015 Environmental Achievement and Outstanding Professional of the Year Award Winners

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ECA names the Bijou Area Erosion Control Project the Environmental Achievement Award recipient and John McCullah the Outstanding Professional of the Year Award recipient.

The Environmental Excellence Award is the IECA’s premier award. It recognizes an outstanding stormwater and erosion and/or sediment control project, program, or operation that demonstrates excellence in natural resource conservation and environmental protection. Recipients will have shown a high level of environmental benefit by clearly identifying the objectives, methods used, results obtained, and details of the benefits to the environment. Accepting the award for the Bijou Area Erosion Control Project will be Stephen Peck, P.E., PMP, CPSWQ, QSD. The Bijou Area Erosion Control Project is a complex regional stormwater pump-and-treat system in a FEMAmapped flood zone. While the issues were complex, the system applied standard construction techniques in a series to provide efficient stormwater quality treatment and flood control in an effective and easily maintainable manner. To maximize the efficiency of the system, the project included a bypass stormwater double box culvert as a key component of the project. The box culvert conveys upper watershed runoff through the highly developed commercial core, and directly into Lake Tahoe, without contributions from the commercial and highway areas (runoff with high constituent loading). This approach allowed

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for more effective treatment of the commercial area runoff (significantly less flow/volume), which enters the pump-andtreat system. The bypass culvert system further included the design and construction of a headwall in the shore zone of Lake Tahoe, a federally protected water body.

John McCullah is named the winner of the Outstanding Professional of the Year. This award recognizes an IECA member as an individual (or organization) who demonstrates excellence in industry work, and is viewed by his or her IECA peers as an industry leader through significant IECA engagement.

McCullah has been in the industry for more than 30 years and during that time he has become a renowned industry expert whose influence spans the globe. In addition to working across the continental United States, McCullah has completed projects in exotic and dramatically different locations such as Malaysia and New Zealand. He is a teacher, a scholar, an activist, and a professional—and in each of these roles he has made significant positive impacts on the industry in a number of ways over the years.

For more information about IECA’s awards program, visit www.ieca.org/awards. The Environmental Excellence Awards Luncheon, sponsored by Informed Infrastructure, will be held at Environmental Connection 2016 in San Antonio, Texas on February 17 at 12:30 p.m.

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FILTREXX

Erosion Control for Highway Construction Projects The linear challenge

BY CAROL BRZOZOWSKI

L

inear projects have their own particular challenges when it comes to erosion control. Centralized sediment basins are usually lacking. There is the need to protect existing inlets and catch basins along the roadways and the need to work around traffic, sometimes during peak hours and at night.

Although both linear and other types of site work require 18 EROSION CONTROL

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similar tasks to be performed, there are a few advantages to linear projects, notes Rob Lawrence, regional manager for Filtrexx International.

“Typically on linear highway projects, we have a flatter surface to travel on, allowing the installation to be more efficient,” he says. “Also, linear projects require less mobilization over the same period of time. On a highway, you may WWW.EROSIONCONTROL.COM

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FILTREXX

only mobilize once over a week or month, where on civil or industrial sites, you may have moved equipment around several times over the same time period.�

With linear highway projects, scheduling of crews can be easier as well, as locations are more predictable for where a crew should be at a particular period of time, points out Lawrence.

Building a Road To attract more people to the area and boost the local economy, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation is constructing a new highway. The four-lane, 11-mile highway runs from Somerset to Meyersdale, PA. Joseph B. Fay Co., an i+iconUSA company, is working as a general contractor to provide earthwork services for PennDOT. The job requires an average of 150 daily workers, and the work is being done in coordination with 30 agencies representing government, utilities, and railroad sectors.

The project, which began in September 2013, encompasses

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mass excavation, the construction of the Pine Hill Bridge, and preparation work for five other bridges, as well as the demolition of two bridges over railroads.

In order to complete the work, Fay must move approximately 13 million cubic yards of earth, as much as 50,000 cubic yards in a single day. Drainage systems are being installed along the entire 11 miles.

Fay is partnering with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and the Somerset County Conservation District to ensure environmental regulatory compliance.

The second phase of the job, which entails the grading of an additional mile of mainline highFiltrexx SiltSoxx way, two local roadway relocations, installed and six new bridge structures, began in March and is expected to be completed in July 2017.

Fay is constructing five sets of dual bridges along the new alignment of SR 6219 between Somerset and Meyersdale. Additionally, the company is replacing a bridge on SR 2047 and is coordinating traffic restrictions during its

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BLOCKSOM & CO.

replacement. All bridges are being constructed concurrently. The company is also performing local road alignment and reconstruction and installing the erosion and sediment control.

Filtrexx SiltSoxx are being used as the primary means of erosion and sediment protection for numerous wetlands, streams, and other sensitive areas near the project site. After Photos: Streetscape project in Michigan City, IN many years of collaboration involving Weaver Express, Filtrexx Intersoluble pollutants. national, PennDOT, and the Pennsylvania Department of Project plans include the use of 30,702 linear feet of Environmental Protection, SiltSoxx is an approved product and is now specified on almost every highway project in the 12-inch and 30,489 linear feet of 24-inch Filtrexx SiltSoxx. state, says Lawrence.

Installation of the SiltSoxx is simple and quick, with relaFiltrexx SiltSoxx use composted green residuals inside a tively minimal ongoing maintenance. “When a significant mesh containment system designed to remove sediment and amount of sediment builds up close to the sock, the sediment pollutants through filtration and deposition. The product must be removed in order for the sock to work properly,” says Dan Bruener, project engineer. “Occasionally the sock will also is designed to be used to slow runoff flow velocities rip or tear and a new piece must be installed.” on sloped surfaces to reduce the transport of sediment and

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The company is avoiding environmental disturbances that might affect nearby endangered species by limiting activities in certain areas at various times of the year.

“The SR 6219 project runs through 11 miles of farmland and forested areas that have many natural features that cannot be impacted due to the construction process,” says Bruener. “These features include tributaries, streams, and wetlands that provide a natural habitat for many types of wildlife. Of particular concern are several threatened or

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endangered species including rattlesnakes and longnose sucker fish, in addition to the more common species in the area. The FilterSoxx is utilized all over the project to control water flow and prevent sediment discharge into the local streams and wetlands.”

The biggest challenges on the project have been weather and access, says Lawrence.

“The project started in the fall and ran through the following year, so winter weather can be challenging,” he says.

Custom-built track machines were used to navigate frozen and muddy terrain year-round. Access on certain stretches of the project required extensive tracking back and forth to reload the machines with compost, adds Lawrence.

Indiana Streetscapes In August, Woodruff & Sons in Michigan City, IN, began working on a streetscape project in which the curbs and

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ISTOCK/FINTASTIQUE

sidewalks are being taken out on way Implementation Strategy, which Wabash Street in Michigan City and the is a master plan for the north end of center median is being reconstructed Michigan City.” with trees and landscaping featuring Laughlin says the soils drain well various flowers and plant material. because the area is so close to Lake The project will feature a number Michigan and the dunes, and therefore of rain gardens that will not only well suited for rain gardens. serve as a decorative improvement but “Before we had the rain gardens in, also be the focus of erosion control efforts, notes For more on highway and linear construction Todd Bell, vice president of projects, check out Forester University’s Woodruff & Sons.

Master Class Series, “Sediment and Erosion The project was designed Control for Roadway Projects.” Taught

by Ryan Laughlin, a design

by Jerald S. Fifield and Tina Wills of engineer with Hass & AssoHydroDynamics Inc., the six-part series is ciates in Michigan City. It available as an on-demand webcast for which began merely as a project to you can earn PDH/CEU credits. See http:// remove trees affected by the foresteruniversity.net/webinar-roadwayemerald ash borer from the projects-2015.html for more information. median.

“The Alliance for the Great Lakes made it apparent to us that there would be some everything was draining straight into federal grant money available to do the gray infrastructure in the way of stormwater infrastructure, and that’s storm sewers and getting taken rapidly when the project grew to include 27 into Trail Creek, which is a heavily rain gardens,” says Laughlin. “From used natural resource and recreational there, it grew to include some other area for a lot of people. This was a great amenities and plant elements that were opportunity to help clean that up in a called for in the Lake Michigan Gatetransparent way so people will be able 22 EROSION CONTROL

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to understand what’s going on.”

Bell says his company is saw-cutting the existing pavement; removing the existing curbs and sidewalks to put new ones in; taking out the median; putting in irrigation, trees, and plantings; and installing the rain gardens.

The area’s traffic was one of the biggest challenges, both men agree.

Some of the construction work is taking place next to the Lighthouse Place Premium Outlets, “which is a major stakeholder in the Michigan City area,” notes Laughlin. “There are five million people a year who go into that place, so the traffic around there is tricky, but other than that, the project has been pretty smooth.”

Bell says the traffic is confined to a single lane in each direction so Woodruff & Sons can do its work.

Woodruff & Sons is using inlet covers from Blocksom & Co., which manufactures natural fiber products.

The company’s Storm Water Inlet Filter is designed to provide optimal sediment control at sewer inlets during the construction phase.

“The job is 3,000 feet long from 11th Street to Highway 12, so there’s probably nine or 10 blocks there and quite a few inlets,” notes Bell.

Laughlin says the inlet filters are “quite durable and easy to install.

Particularly at this site, we didn’t have a need for other BMPs because everything is draining into the right of way and into the road, then into the existing gray infrastructure, so that’s the only implementation we needed to do.

“The contractors like the filters because if they do get clogged up, they can just spray them out and reattach

them. They don’t have to reach in and pull out devices and dump them out,” he adds.

The Storm Water Inlet Filter mat is cut to allow 3 inches of overlap at

For related articles: www.erosioncontrol.com

each side of the inlet grate. It is then attached to the top side of the inlet grate using cable ties.

For maintenance following each rain event, silt is cleaned from around the inlet mat. Built-up silt and solids are removed by sweeping the top of the mat.

The Wabash Street project is expected to be completed in the spring. EC Carol Brzozowski writes on erosion and technology.

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EROSION CONTROL 23

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RIETH-RILEY CONSTRUCTION

CMI

Carthage Pike, IN

Santa Clara Valley, CA

Channel Stabilization & Repair Techniques to fix flood damage, erosion, & undercutting of roads

CMI

CONTECH ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS

BY LINDA ROBINSON

Santa Clara Valley, CA

Carthage Pike, IN

he case studies in this article focus on channel stabilization and erosion control along streambanks and other waterways. Channel stabilization and repair usually calls for the use of a channel lining. These safeguards fall into two major categories—soft and hard.

Soft armor, also referred to as flexible or green techniques, consist of grass or vegetation that is established with the help of erosion control blankets, turf reinforcement mats, or geogrids filled with soil. Grass channels that prevent erosion can be installed with little difficulty and are rather easy to maintain.

When the velocity of water flowing through a channel is greater than a vegetated lining can withstand on its own, however, hard armor such as riprap, concrete, or geosynthetic

channel linings may be used. This hard armor, being inflexible and not allowing water to infiltrate, can also increase the velocity of flow.

Installing hard armor requires consideration of compaction, proper installation materials, and bedding. To prevent scour and undercutting, materials may be anchored down in a variety of ways.

Many states have regulations regarding widening a stream channel, straightening a stream, dredging, building permanent structures like docks and boat loading ramps, altering any wetland, putting in utility crossings, or any type of streambank stabilization. Permits are required and it is recommended that an experienced professional designs the system.

T

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Basic Flow Calculations and Manning’s Equation When engineers design for an open channel, ditch, or swale, they use basic flow computations, including Manning’s Equation. The problem is that Manning’s Equation assumes a constant uniform flow rate at a specified slope. There are many configurations that can alter this assumption. The downstream flow restrictions and how the channel bends will alter the constancy, along with any inconsistencies in the channel width or slope. Man-made structures in a river can alter the flow rate, such as culvert entrance and exit losses and headwaters at culverts or bridges. Basically, anything uneven or unexpected adds to the difficulty of using Manning’s Equation.

Therefore, except for educational purposes or developing a rough estimate, one of the environmental planning or engineering programs should be used instead. The US Army Corps of Engineers has developed several water surface profile programs that can handle variations in natural flow values (HEC-2 or HEC-RAS). Other agencies like the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) have programs used for basic flow computations.

Erosion Control and Channel Stabilization There will always be limitations that will affect a design.

Designers need to consider whether the streambanks are in a location where they can be easily maintained or inspected.

Soft or flexible linings tend to need more maintenance and must be inspected more often to ensure they’re not damaged

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or overstressed. On the other hand, hard or more permanent channel linings can result in loss of habitat. In spite of the best-laid plans, hard armor can also be damaged due to settlement, scour, or undercutting.

The depth of a channel lining and providing the correct coverage will help prevent erosion and encourage good plant establishment. Channel bottom erosion can be the result of channel grade and liner not being appropriate for the amount of runoff. Although riprap seems fairly “bullet proof”, so to speak, a steep slope not accounted for correctly, or riprap too small for the job, can cause shift to occur, obstructing channels or even creating further damage.

Muddy River—Cooper Street Bridge Moapa Valley in Nevada has a history of flooding and severe storms that date back as far as 1906, when the peak discharge was estimated at 8,800 cubic feet per second (cfs).

Peak discharges over 8,000 cfs that regularly damaged rail road structures were not uncommon from 1906–1937. But 1938 brought the largest general flood recorded at that time for the Muddy River basin, with peak discharges as high as 15,000 cfs at Caliente.

Flooding continued over the years. The Clark County Regional Flood Control District and Clark County Public Works eventually designed a flood control plan, to be carried out in several phases. On the Muddy River at the Cooper Street Bridge, the project spanned more than 10 years.

Grant Tokumi, engineer and site designer with GC

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PHOTOS: MACCAFERRI

Wallace Inc. (GCW), a civil engineering firm in Las Vegas, NV, designed the Muddy River—Cooper Street Bridge rehabilitation project. “The widening of the Muddy River was more of a flood control measure to keep the storm flows contained within the channel,” he explains. “Historically, the adjacent properties and structures would persistently flood when the river swelled up during storm events. This project was the first phase of a much longer plan for river widening to mitigate the flooding along the Muddy River.”

Tokumi says the length of the project on the river spanned 4,600 feet, or just under a mile. The entire length was widened, ranging from 189 feet at the upstream end to 150 feet at the Cooper Street Bridge itself to 400 feet downstream.

In addition to the Muddy River being widened, plans were designed to replace the Cooper Street dipped roadway or low water crossing with an elevated bridge crossing.

Resident project representative Tony Williams, APWA, CPII, of Harris & Associates’ Las Vegas office simplified this part of the plan. “The Cooper Street Muddy River crossing was actually a low water crossing with the river going under the roadway through concrete box culverts during normal flow. During higher flows or following heavy rain, the flow was over the roadway. The existing river was very narrow and lined with heavy vegetation. The new bridge structure is approximately 20 feet above the new concrete channel invert.”

The Muddy River remained true to form and forced construction to temporarily shut down. In spite of the river

Installing gabions near the Cooper Street bridge

being channeled into a 60-inch culvert, the construction site still flooded in September 2014.

Clark County was involved in providing erosion control at the bridge site and along the banks of the Muddy River.

“The rectangular concrete channel was constructed through the bridge section of the project, vertical concrete walls on concrete footings with concrete invert slabs between the walls,” says Williams. “The trapezoidal channel has sloped walls upstream and downstream of the rectangular channel.”

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The finished channel

The concrete portions served to make the channel narrower in the vicinity of the bridge span, adds Tokumi. “The concrete also served as erosion control near the bridge.”

In addition to the concrete structures, gabions from Maccaferri were installed, along with riprap to stabilize the banks.

Carlos Andrade, Arizona and southern Nevada area manager for Maccaferri, explains how the different modules came together. “The project starts upstream with a trapezoidal

gabion mattress channel 359 feet in length, to connect to the concrete channel that transitions from trapezoidal to rectangular, then crosses under the new bridge and transitions back to the trapezoidal shape, with a length of 1,484 feet. The concrete channel downstream connects to a trapezoidal gabion mattress channel that runs for 100 feet, then continues with riprap bank protection for about 1,130 feet on the east bank and about 2,050 feet on the west bank.”

The Maccaferri gabion mattresses were placed over a layer of Type II gravel. The gabions are PVC coated, and on this project they were connected with stainless steel Spenax rings to withstand the inimical soils of the area. A nonwoven geotextile (Maccaferri MacTex N47.1) was installed underneath the gabions and mattresses.

“About 6,900 cubic yards of Maccaferri 1.5-foot-thick gabion mattresses were used for the channel linings,” explains Andrade. “And about 1,300 cubic yards of 3-foot-tall gabions were used for the cutoff walls at the beginning and transition of the channel and toe of riprap bank protection.”

Finally, the plans included a curved two-span cast-inplace (CIP) post-tensional concrete box girder bridge to span over the Muddy River. A CIP bridge was constructed on temporary falsework using wood forms. The CIP bridge is constructed in stages, explains Eric Giles, structural engineer with GCW: “The soffit (bottom slab), girders or longitudinal walls spaced across the width of the bridge structure, and the top deck (driving surface of roadway) form boxes.

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“Inside the walls of the bridge are galvanized metal ducts, which allow numerous post-tensioning cables to be added after the concrete has hardened.

These cables are stretched much like a rubber band. When released, the cables put compressive stresses on the concrete to give it much added strength,” says Giles.

Santa Clara Valley—Page Ponds Santa Clara County, CA, covers some 1,300 square miles, making it the largest of the nine Bay Area counties (population 1.8 million). Historically, communities in Santa Clara County relied on groundwater, beginning in the 1850s when some of the first wells were drilled.

In the 1920s, however, more water was pumped from the aquifers than nature could replace, and the groundwater levels dropped. The Santa Clara Valley Water District was formed in 1929 with objectives including groundwater management. Other functions of the district include protecting surface waters, increasing overall water sup-

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plies, and conserving, managing, and storing water for functional and beneficial purposes.

Groundwater accounts for 50% of the water used today, with the remaining 50% coming from imported water. The Santa Clara Valley Water District has several groundwater recharge ponds.

Overall, there are 100 or so percolation ponds totaling nearly 400 acres in the county. In addition to the 90 miles of creeks that feed the ponds, additional water is brought in from state and federal water projects. Of this water, 24% goes into the percolation ponds and to the water treatment plants. The ponds filter some 150 million gallons of water a day that then drains into the aquifers to later be mined by municipal systems or private wells.

Chad M. Grande, senior field operations administrator for the West Valley/ Lower Peninsula watersheds of the Santa Clara Valley Water District, says the ponds began as a water distribution system for farmers to move water to their fields. What are now the Page Ponds came from the Page Farms, and so on.

“The groundwater recharge system in this area consists of three pond groups, which start with the desilting basin,” explains Grande. “The desilting basin contains a maze of sheet pile walls. The water is transferred through the canal from local or imported sources to the desilting basin, where the water slows and weaves through the maze of sheet piling. The desilting basin allows silt and turbidity to fall from the water before it proceeds to the groundwater recharge ponds.

The process of cleaning the water before it arrives in the recharge ponds reduces the frequency of pond cleaning.”

He notes that the walls in the desilting basin were once made of redwood and needed replacing every seven to 10 years. “There were also erosion issues on access roads and the perimeter of some of the ponds, and sheet piles were used to make these repairs.”

The district had a previous working relationship with Crane Materials

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SURFACE DRAINS FOR SEDIMENT BASINS ShoreGuard installation

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International (CMI) of Marietta, GA. Because the district knew it had a challenging situation, with the walls being in constant contact with the groundwater, it wanted to use something besides steel that would still have longlasting durability. The three Page Ponds each had their own erosion challenges.

Mike Threde of CMI explains the assessments of the ponds. The mazelike configuration of the walls forces water to spend more time traveling around before it exits. “ShoreGuard SG-325 was used on the interior of the ponds as a baffle wall,” explains Threde. “This is a light sheet, but was an appropriate selection because a sediment wall that has equal amounts of water on both sides doesn’t really need a lot of strength.”

ShoreGuard SG-525 was used to control the erosion problem the district was having on the bank of the one pond. This was an area with no vehicular traffic on the top of the bank.

However, on one bank, the district has heavy maintenance vehicles driving near the edge at the top of the bank, so a heavier sheet piling was chosen. “The ShoreGuard SG-625 is a stronger sheet and is also anchored to the wall back with concrete anchors,” says Threde.

“The concrete anchors are placed in the ground roughly 10 feet behind the wall.

A tie-rod is then connected from the

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CONTECH ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS

front face of the wall to the concrete anchor, thus securing the wall from deflecting forward during heavy loading.”

All of the ShoreGuard vinyl sheet piling is corrosion and UV resistant and impervious to marine worms. Each type is manufactured using more than 90% post-industrial recycled materials.

Installation presented a few challenges of its own because of the large number of boulders present in the

A-Jacks above and below the water level provide scour protection.

area. In some places pre-trenching was required.

“Usually sheet piles are driven or vibrated into the soil,” says Grande. “The soil compaction in this area would not allow this method of installation due to the large cobbles.

We assembled the sheet piles into panels, dug trenches, and lowered the panels into the trenches.”

In addition to the groundwater recharge ponds, Santa Clara Valley Water District also maintains an advanced recycled water purification center and a state-of-the-art water quality laboratory. It manages 10 dams and surface water reservoirs and three water treatment plants and more than 275 miles of streams. The district is also in charge of the county flood control program.

Carthage Pike, IN The Big Blue River watershed, part of the great Mississippi River watershed, drains approximately 54 square miles of Henry and Rush Counties, located in east-central Indiana.

Rush County sits directly in the heart of the state’s transportation infrastructure. Located between Indianapolis; Cincinnati, OH; northern Kentucky; and Dayton, OH, the area moves freight via an ample highway system, railroad, and several ports, including the Port of Indiana.

Several years ago, Rush County and Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) realized erosion was occurring along the banks of the Big Blue River close to Carthage Pike roadway. The erosion was substantial enough that if nothing was done, it would eventually endanger the Pike.

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“Carthage Pike sits atop of the bank of the Big Blue River,” says Neal Bennett, environmental scientist with Butler, Fairman and Seufert Inc. of Indianapolis. “There was severe erosion. It was definitely eroding under the guard rails.

There was nothing holding them down. It would have begun undercutting the road if nothing was done.”

Andrea Langille, road project manager with Butler, Fairman and Seufert, explains the three phases of the Carthage Pike Roadway Improvement project.

“The intent of the roadway project included some widening, roadway realignment both vertical and horizontal, and pavement reconstruction or rehabilitation as needed,” she notes.

The overall Carthage Pike Roadway Improvement project extended from the town of Carthage limits to SR140 and was split into three phases. The first two phases were construction projects in 2009 and 2011. Langille says that during the construction of phase two and the design process for phase three—which includes the area where the slope stabilization ended up being needed—failure of the existing bank of the Big Blue River was noted. The bank was in close proximity to Carthage Pike and was threatening the stability of the roadway.

Phase three was designed to include the slope stabilization.

Engineers considered moving the road, but because of a nearby cemetery that would also have to be moved, that was not a practical alternative.

Utility lines overhead posed another slight challenge, says Bennett. There were height limitations on all shrubs, and no trees could be used. Instead, designers had to choose low-growing plants that would be grow in soil that was “highly erodible.”

“You couldn’t just throw in wetland plants,” he says. “This wasn’t wetland, even though it was right on the river. I studied a lot of soil taxonomy and we ended up using riparian and prairie grasses—because they root deeply—and a lot of low-growing shrubs.”

The engineers had also encountered a sediment island located in the Big Blue River near the Carthage Pike. Channels having supercritical flow are much more difficult to design for than low-velocity streams, and in this area there was little erosion control upstream of the project area.

Sediment was being deposited in an area of the stream landward of where the river widened. Eventually water was being forced under and landward of the area and creating a small island.

“We had to slow the water velocity,” explains Bennett, “and try to get a uniform channel width through there. The idea was to move the thalweg away from the road without damaging the way the stream works.”

Site superintendent Gary Davis of Rieth-Riley Construction in Indianapolis took care of removing the 100- by 400foot sediment island by using an excavator. “The sediment WWW.EROSIONCONTROL.COM

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island was removed by tracking an excavator out on the island and working it toward the riverbank until we were able to throw the material onto the banks and push it away with a bulldozer,” he says.

The goal of this project was twofold: protect the Carthage Pike roadway infrastructure and alleviate erosion along the streambank of the Big Blue River in that area. Bennett recapped that the “main concept of the project is to recapture pre-erosion bank conditions.” This included a 2:1 slope or flatter and vegetated slopes.

Hard armor was installed in the form of 24-inch A-Jacks, manufactured by Contech Engineered Solutions. A-Jacks concrete armor units interlock to produce a pliable segment that resists water energy, allowing it to protect against scour and erosion.

“Basically we were creating a new toe-of-slope,” says Bennett.

To install the A-Jacks, an area 2 feet deep and 2 feet wide was excavated and a stone bedding liner put down. The lower 12 inches of the A-Jacks was buried below the water level for scour protection. Geotextile was then wrapped around the backside of the units, and backfill was placed behind them.

Another major hurdle for Davis was that the plans called for construction to be undertaken only during low flow periods. “It was a challenge to work in the river area, as we had rain quite frequently during this time of year and we had to pull the pumps every evening and remove them from

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the river area while no one was onsite,” he explains. “During some of the rain events we were not able to work and had to wait, sometimes for a few days, to be able to pump the water down to work again.”

In a few areas along the river, agricultural runoff had caused erosion channels to develop. The 2-foot-wide channels were 3–4 feet deep in some places.

“We designed subsurface scour protection for these channels,” says Bennett. “Six-foot-wide hard-armor strips were incorporated into the design for the agricultural runoff, installed below the soil to stop the runoff from eroding more.”

As it turned out, the agricultural land became the temporary access point rather than crews moving equipment and people over or through the river to be able to work.

“The site was made accessible by building a temporary stone road back to the river,” says Davis. “After work was complete, the road had to be removed and topsoil put back in place for the farmer.”

Bennett acknowledges that the project posed some challenges. “Sometimes these make it prohibitive to even do in some cases. Where some agencies or companies would rather dump riprap down and be done with it, we didn’t want to do that. For one, it’s not good for the aquatic environment, and also it’s very temporary. In 10 or 15 years you’ll just have to add more riprap!” EC Linda Robinson is a journalist specializing in agriculture and land-use planning.

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PINE HALL BRICK INC.

Paving Stormwater Away Permeable options to handle runoff

BY MARGARET BURANEN

O

ne way to grow any type of business is to offer another service. One way for erosion control specialists to find additional services to offer is to look at the work of civil engineers, landscape architects, and other specialists who manage stormwater.

Stormwater runoff causes, or at least accelerates, erosion. Stopping that runoff or slowing its amount and velocity can be an effective means of 32 EROSION CONTROL

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controlling erosion.

Years ago, stormwater was usually managed by piping it off of the property as quickly as possible so that some other property owner or entity could deal with it. Federal and state regulations have constrained—if not eliminated—this poor practice. So have stormwater utility fees.

Stormwater specialists in many areas now strive to follow practices that infiltrate as much stormwater onsite as possible. One of the strate-

gies they use is installing permeable, pervious, or porous pavers; porous pavement; or asphalt.

Pavers and pavement that permit stormwater runoff to soak into the ground instead of running off the surface are considered green infrastructure techniques. They allow the rainfall to act the way it would if the area were still in its predevelopment state.

These pavers or pavement offer a property owner two advantages. First, WWW.EROSIONCONTROL.COM

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reduced stormwater utility fees—especially on a commercial property—can be significant now and in the years ahead.

Second, such pieces of green infrastructure can earn points that help a project qualify for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification, because they allow stormwater infiltration to reduce runoff volume and improve area water quality.

Stormwater utility fees are being implemented in increasing numbers in American cities. Reducing them by earning stormwater credits is one reason for the growing demand for permeable and pervious pavers. They’re being installed on properties ranging from small residential walks and driveways to large commercial sites.

that manufactured and supplied the permeable pavers for the project.

A family-owned firm since 1946, Willamette Graystone has branches in Eugene, Medford, and several other cities in Oregon. Along with permeable pavers, Willamette Graystone manufactures various concrete and masonry products.

The McCord dealership is located just over the Columbia River from Portland, OR. Its employees, like other area residents, know that removing pollutants is essential to the water quality of the Columbia River, as is reducing stormwater runoff volume.

The dazzling showroom building at McCord’s Vancouver Toyota received a LEED Silver rating in April 2012.

Numerous green strategies and best management practices (BMPs) earned LEED points for the project.

Native plants and a drip irrigation system save water. Eighty-nine percent of construction waste was recycled.

Rainwater is captured and used for the dealership’s car wash. LEED points were awarded for the permeable pavers

that surround the dealership.

The pavers at McCord’s were designed by Advanced Pavement Technology of Yorkville, IL. They are part of the company’s Bio-Aquifer Storm System (BASS), which was designed and patented by company founder William Schneider.

Schneider has been in the paver business for more than 35 years. He is a founding member of International Concrete Pavers Institute (ICPI). He was ICPI’s first instructor and established the manual to teach and train level one certification.

The BASS created by Schneider can be put in place with any of four different shapes of pavers. All of them are manufactured to the specifications of ASTM C936, the Standard Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units. Each type can be installed by hand or by machine, and more than one type can be used on the same project.

All of these pavers are compliant with the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) so that wheelchair wheels,

A New Showroom One of the largest permeable paver installations in the US is in the parking lot and hardscape area around the showroom at McCord’s Vancouver Toyota Scion in Vancouver, WA. The site has 100,000 square feet of permeable pavers, part of the construction of a new showroom that lasted from 2008–2010.

“We turned the entire parking lot into a stormwater facility. It’s a [detention] pond that isn’t a pond,” says Bob Sable, then a project manager, now communications director, at MacKay Sposito, a Vancouver, WA, civil engineering firm.

Sable notes that while the dealership “had to pay extra up front, we saved them from losing an acre or more to [an otherwise required] stormwater pond.”

“Half of the pavement was laid, then the showroom was built, then the rest of the pavers were laid,” says Gale Schroeder, manager at Willamette Graystone, the company JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2016

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heels, and cane or walker feet can’t get trapped between them. Because they allow stormwater to infiltrate naturally and impurities to be removed from runoff as it percolates through the soil, they are used as BMPs for many types of projects.

For the McCord’s Vancouver Toyota site, the Aqua-Bric IV design was selected. Instead of being flat on top, the pavers have a stone texture. They are 3.125 inches thick and were put in place by machine.

The white color of the permeable pavers “meets the solar reflectability requirement” of LEED, says Schroeder.

“They have a 33% reflectability.”

He notes that each 5- by 10-inch paver has a false joint “so that it looks like a five-piece cobble pavement.”

This look is achieved by varied placement of grooves across the individual pavers. For example one paver has a groove across the middle, another paver adjoining it has a groove twothirds of the way down, and the next

paver has no groove.

“When they are laid in a herringbone pattern, that gives the impression of multiple-sized stones, but they are all the same size,” explains Schroeder.

These permeable pavers rest on a bedding layer 2 inches deep. This layer consists of ASTM-rated No. 8 stone, as per standard ICPI recommendation.

Directly below the bedding layer is the base layer, a choker course of medium-sized stone, ASTM No. 57. It measures 4 inches deep. The sub-base layer, 14 inches deep, consists of ASTM No. 2 crushed stone.

“Soil here is thicker than a sandy, gravel soil is. It is clay, so the site needed a deeper reservoir layer to wait for the slow [rate of] infiltration,” explains Schroeder. “It also needed a thicker base than normal because it had to be strong enough to support the transport trucks [large trailers bringing in new cars].”

Summing up, he says, “It was weight and storage [issues] that drove the design” for the permeable paver installation.

“The pavers had to be able to bear all that weight of the transport trucks standing there,” says Sable.

Sable notes a challenging aspect of the project. “The site had variable infiltration rates. Some acres were functioning fine, but some had almost

“There was a snowfall a few months later. Marv, the dealership’s owner, remarked how quickly the snow melted...

It will easily hold runoff from a 100-year storm event.”

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PHOTOS: WILLAMETTE GRAYSTONE–MCCORD’S TOYOTA PROJECT

Left: The pavers have sub-base, base, and bedding layers. Right: The light color of the pavers at McCord’s Vancouver Toyota helps reflect sunlight and absorbs less heat.

no infiltration at all. The site was bowl-shaped, at the bottom of a drainage basin, too.”

Stormwater infiltrates on site. As a backup, at the lower end of the parking lot a tile channel was added to carry stormwater runoff to a bioswale.

“No water has ever flowed out of the tile. That’s remarkable on clay soil,” says Schroeder.

“It has worked very well,” says Sable. “There was a snowfall a few months later. Marv, the dealership’s owner, remarked how quickly the snow melted, and there was no ponding. It will easily hold runoff from a 100-year storm event.”

Facility (RSF) plaza.

The next RSF installation of permeable pavers, in the summer of 2011, included 1,400 linear feet on the campus road and 3,000 square feet at the plaza. The third RSF installation, during summer 2012, involved 350 linear feet on the campus road and 9,000 square feet on the plaza.

Earlier that year, in spring, permeable pavers were installed at the Energy Systems Integration Facility, the building that houses NREL’s supercomputer. The fifth project, in spring 2014, involved installing 750 linear feet of permeable pavers on the campus road.

Each area of permeable pavers at

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Energy consumption and the wise use of water and other natural resources is taken seriously at the US Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, CO. Of the seven LEED-certified buildings at NREL, six qualified for the LEED Platinum rating.

Each building on the NREL campus was designed to be energy efficient and environmentally friendly, inside and outside. Permeable pavers helped the NREL earn its LEED ratings. They were installed in five separate areas as buildings were added to the campus.

The first project was done in the summer of 2010. Three hundred linear feet of pavers were installed on the campus road along with 11,000 square feet of pavers at the Research and Support JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2016

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UNI-GROUPUSA

NREL has an underdrain system. These drains were necessary because of the poor infiltration rate of the soil. “The soils on our site do not promote infiltration well as far as storage. [The permeable pavers] reduce the peak flow minimally,� says Michelle Slovensky, LEED AP BD+C, energy program manager at NREL. “We have a gravel underdrain system that collects and conveys [runoff] to our watershed basins that ultimately reach our detention pond.

Its most effective use has been from a water-quality aspect.

The filtration helps strip impurities that would otherwise reach our downstream discharge.�

All of the pavers at NREL are Eco-Priora from Uni-Paver, a division of Uni-Group USA. They were manufactured by the Pavestone Co. of Henderson, CO. The design/build team was Haselden Construction of Centennial, CO, and RNL Design of Denver. Installation was done by Continental Hardscape Systems of Westminster, CO. Pavestone blended together two of its standard paver colors, tan and limestone, to make a custom shade for all of the NREL pavers. This custom color has a higher solar reflectivity index (SRI), thus lowering heat gain on the NREL campus. Lower heat gain means less energy required for cooling and earns more LEED points. “We call it ‘LEED White,’� says Mike Midyett, Pavestone’s general manager.

The Eco-Priora permeable pavers are 3.125 inches thick.

Below the pavers is a 2-inch-thick bedding and joints layer

Permeable pavers helped NREL earn its LEED ratings.

composed of ASTM No. 8 stone.

The 12-inch-thick base layer directly below the bedding and joints layer is not composed of the usual stone. Instead, it consists of recycled concrete. Using this recycled material

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offered two advantages: it earned additional LEED points and it cost less than the stone.

Concrete bands separated the paving areas, and work space was tight. The pavers were installed by hand.

Eco-Priora pavers can be produced in a variety of square and rectangular sizes. Because they require minimal chamfers and have narrower joints than some others, they are ideal for pedestrian and ADA handicap-accessible paved areas. Eco-Priora pavers are also suitable for locations that have vehicular traffic.

The narrow pavers left room for the installation of solar paver lights in the outdoor café area for employees and their guests. The pavers are interspersed with small bioretention areas. Native plants in these areas include Rocky Mountain penstemon, desert four o’clock, and pussytoes.

Permeable pavers produced years ago did not always perform well when installed in cold climates; the repeated freezing and thawing sometimes caused damage. Fortunately that has not been the case with the Eco-Priora permeable pavers at NREL. “There have been no issues of system failure or location displacement of the pavers in Colorado’s cold climate.

In fact, they have reduced ice buildup since we have warm sunny days in winter. No ponding issues occurred in any location,” says Slovensky.

Maintenance needs are minimal. “Special equipment is necessary for snow removal, but when the correct equipment is used it poses no issues,” says Slovensky. “From time to time a topoff [is needed.] The gravel in between pavers must be replenished.”

Modular Schools American Modular Systems (AMS) of Manteca, CA, is one of the nation’s leading modular manufacturers. The company has been designing and building commercial and educational facilities since 1983.

Gen7 is the company’s line of schools and educational buildings. It was developed to make learning healthier and easier for students and to make such a system more affordable for school districts. Research shows that the quality of school buildings has a significant impact on how well students learn.

Gen7 modular buildings by AMS feature abundant natural light and excellent acoustics and air quality. Besides the highest energy efficiency, they are designed to be environmentally responsible facilities.

Gen7 meets the same LEED standards as a conventional building, yet can be built 60% faster and for 30% less cost.

Because Gen7s are designed to meet LEED standards, the added expense of attaining LEED certification is modest.

To prevent weather delays, the AMS buildings are constructed within a climate-controlled factory. When they are delivered, they are 90% finished and are placed by crane.

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The Gen7 design concept was used for the Regional Environmental Studies Center (RESC), which AMS built for the Manteca Unified School District (MUSD). Finished in September 2013, this building earned a LEED Gold rating from the US Green Building Council a year later.

Jason Messer, MUSD superintendent, says his school district “wanted to raise the bar by creating a multi-use learning center that is both energy-independent and environmentally responsible, providing a model for future learning spaces within our district and demonstrating our commitment to best-in-class environments that benefit our community, staff, and students.”

The modular RESC is a zero net energy building. It is also the first K-12 school supporting facility in California’s Central Valley to achieve the prestigious LEED Gold rating.

LEED points were awarded for various building and site features, including pervious pavers.

“This is a district office facility, not a school. We wanted to try out different things, such as an onsite stormwater drain, drought-tolerant native plants, and a rain catchment system to see if we wanted to install them in schools,” explains Aaron Bowers, MUSD’s director of operations.

Bowers and other school officials first saw the Xeripave Super Pervious (SP) pavers at a trade show. “The display at the trade show is what caught our eye. They had a hose turned full on, pouring water onto a paver, and the water was going right through,” says Bowers.

The school district decided to change the plans for the RESC, substituting some of these pavers for the originally planned concrete surfaces. The 38 EROSION CONTROL

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school district’s funds were limited, but Xeripave SW, the exclusive distributor of these pavers in California, decided to donate the needed pavers.

“We became aware of the project, and we felt that the donation would be good for us, since other school districts would come to see it,” says Gary Luiz, co-owner of Xeripave SW. The pavers manufactured by Xeripave (an affiliate of Ultrablock) have an infiltration rate of about 1 gallon per second per square foot. That high infiltration rate is possible because each paver has a 35–40% void.

Luiz concedes that Xeripave pavers are more expensive than other permeable pavers. However, he says, they are more cost-effective than it first seems because they do not have to cover an entire surface. If only 12–18% of an

area is covered with Xeripave SP pavers, runoff from the entire area can be infiltrated onsite.

Each Xeripave SP paver measures about 12 by 12 by 2 inches.

They are made of an aggregate found only in California, Oregon, Washington, and Montana, bound with a two-part polymer. They are UV-resistant and are unaffected by freeze and thaw cycles.

The installation of the pervious pavers was done by the general contractor for the RESC building, C.T. Brayton of Escalon, CA. The driveway was graded with a two-degree slope so that water coming from the front of the building would flow to the pavers.

Finished in a color called Dupont, the pavers at the RESC building cover 384 square feet of the walkway from the street to the front entrance. There are five sections of the pavers, in line with each of the walkway’s five tree wells. A plaza section also contains some of the pavers.

Bowers notes that the pavers are “technically a bit smaller. We ended up installing some edge restrainers where the edges of the pavers were not contained by the concrete.”

MUSD has been pleased with the Xeripave SP section of the RESC facility. “So far it’s worked out well,” says Bowers.

Luiz says that testing after the pavers were installed showed “a coefficient of zero. Any water that hits that paver will go into the ground.”

Lincoln Park Zoo At the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, the macaques—commonly called snow monkeys—are popular with visitors.

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What’s popular with the macaques is their new exhibit, Regenstein Macaque Forest.

Covering 7,300 square feet, the outdoor exhibit includes a hot spring, stream, and artificial and natural trees. It was designed by The Portico Group of Seattle, a firm that specializes in designing zoos and parks.

Because the new exhibit involved extensive renovation, Lincoln Park Zoo officials decided to take the advantage of the chance to install permeable pavers to help with stormwater management. Besides the pavers outside the macaque exhibit, the zoo’s new west entrance has a permeable paver walkway.

Together the two areas of permeable

pavers are available in five colors.

Steve Thompson, senior vice president of capital and programmatic planning at Lincoln Park Zoo, says that in both locations the StormPave permeable pavers are “meeting our expectations.”

The Brick Industry Association (BIA) awarded Pine Hall Brick Co. a Silver Award in Paving/Landscaping for its west entrance and macaque exhibit renovation. (This is one category within the Brick in Architecture

awards, given annually.)

As these projects show, controlling erosion by managing stormwater runoff via permeable or pervious pavers works in varied circumstances.

Reduced stormwater utility fees and federal and state regulations can help make such green infrastructure more cost-effective. EC Margaret Buranen writes on the environment and business for several national publications.

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12/7/15 11:24 AM

MARSH BUGGY

The Ins and Outs of Compact Equipment Finding the right machine for the job and deciding whether to buy or lease

BY CAROL BRZOZOWSKI

G

iven the variety of jobs his company tackles each day, Myles Anderson, director of operations for The Erosion Co. in Woodstock, GA, depends on compact equipment to help execute the tasks.

Although the company is based in north Georgia, it also does jobs in Alabama, South Carolina, and Tennessee.

“We take care of erosion matters—anything to prevent soil from running off sites,” says Anderson. That includes silt fence installation, seeding, and stone works, among other approaches. The company has a fleet of 24 Bobcat track loaders: T180, T190, and T250.

“We put out a lot of Bobcats every day,” says Anderson.

“Business is better now than it’s been in the last seven years.

Georgia is doing very, very well right now.”

Anderson calls himself “old school” when it comes to equipment.

“For what we do, we don’t need a heavy machine,” he says. “We want it as light as possible and we want it as

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simple as possible.”

Anderson’s goal reflects that of many erosion control contractors who use compact equipment on the job site.

Although there is no such equipment built specifically for erosion control work, contractors do use a variety of loaders, bulldozers, tractors, backhoes, and excavators to perform their jobs efficiently.

Turning radius on compact equipment is important when erosion control contractors need to get in tight spots such as between buildings or in areas where it’s important to not disturb any more dirt than one must, such as golf courses or developed areas where some of the landscaping is already in place. Tracked equipment minimizes compaction and damage. Attachments add versatility.

Anderson favors the versatility of Bobcat machines and says using them saves on hand labor.

“Each Bobcat also has a trencher that goes out with it for cutting into the soil and cutting down to the depth we need,” he says. “It’s a lot quicker and more efficient WWW.EROSIONCONTROL.COM

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Creating marsh terraces with an amphibious excavator

than hand digging.”

He also likes the small machines’ maneuverability.

“If the soil is damp, the track will ride over it easier than wheeled machines will,” he notes.

Attachments used by The Erosion Co. to get the job done include buckets, trenchers, grappling buckets, bush hogs, and street sweepers.

The company buys the equipment rather than leasing it.

“We keep it for a much longer time than a lease,” says Anderson. “We’re big enough that we have our own mechanics and maintain all of our equipment.”

Because there is a learning curve to using compact equipment, each new hire must go through a training period with an experienced crew person, says Anderson.

In-house training for foremen is usually a one-month process. The goal is to ensure each new employee is comfortable operating a machine.

“Safety is very important to us,” says Anderson. “They basically have a test here at the shop before they’re allowed JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2016

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to go out with the machine on their own.”

John Deere John Deere offers a line of compact equipment appropriate to use for erosion control work, notes the company’s product marketing manager, Gregg Zupancic. In addition to skidsteers and compact track loaders (CTLs), John Deere makes compact, lightweight excavators onto which a contractor can place various-sized buckets for cleaning water rights of way and performing other tasks.

The company has five models of skid-steers, four models of CTLs, and five models of compact excavators; capacity and horsepower increase with size.

The skid-steer line starts with the 318E model at 1,950 pounds of rated operating capacity, and ranges up to the 332E, which offers 3,200 pounds of rated operating capacity.

The compact track loader line starts with the 319E model at a rated operating capacity of 2,150 pounds and ranges to the 333E model, with a rated operating capacity of 3,300 pounds.

John Deere has five compact excavator models, from the 17G to the 60G, says Zupancic. The digging depth for the 17G is 7 feet, 2 inches, and the 60G’s digging depth is 12 feet, 4 inches.

Job-site versatility is the reason skid-steers and track loaders are popular, he notes. That is due in large part to the wide variety of attachments for the front of the machine.

Contractors who work with a skid-steer or track loader to shape the land, dig a trench or a ditch, or clean out sediment often opt for a standard bucket attachment. A more specialized choice can be a dozer blade, akin to that found on a larger machine like a crawler or a bulldozer, says Zupancic.

“You can put a blade on the front that has up to eight different angles, so if you want to cut a side slope or make a valley to let the water run through, a dozer blade is a good choice,” he says.

The company also offers land planes. “It’s an attachment that goes on the front and basically planes or shaves off material or dirt off the land, like you plane wood with a tool,” says Zupancic.

A backhoe attachment also is useful on an erosion control job site. “That would make a skid-steer or compact track loader essentially into a compact excavator; it’s got a long arm and a bucket for digging out a ditch or clearing sediment out of a small pond,” he says.

If the job calls for removing debris, contractors can use a grapple on the front of the machine.

“It’s basically like a bucket bottom, but you have the ability to open and close a clamshell-type bucket on the top hydraulically,” says Zupancic. “Let’s say you wanted to place stones in and out of some runoff just to make the water flow the way you want it. You might have to clear logs and stones.”

John Deere also offers a multipurpose bucket that is similar to a bucket, but can open up. It features a dozer blade.

“The bucket separates hydraulically, so you can use it as a dozer blade to shape the land, but you can also close it any distance you want, and that would be more like a grapple,” says Zupancic, adding the attachment is helpful for jobs where the contractor wants to move rocks, but wants dirt and EROSION CONTROL 41

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The compact track loader has only 4 to 5 pounds of ground pressure per square inch, so it essentially floats better in soft ground conditions.”

For contractors working along a muddy bank, for example, a CTL will sink in less, so the equipment offers the ability to get more work done around waterways, says Zupancic.

“The CTL also provides much more stability. If the waterway is very steep and you want to reshape a slope, a CTL has a lot more track on the ground so you can work on steeper slopes than with a skid-steer, which has four wheels,” he says.

“The contractor has to make a choice as to what would be best and most versatile, depending on the work that is most often done.”

For contractors on a limited budget, the CTL machines are more popular, says Zupancic. “They have a slightly higher acquisition cost,” he adds. “They have that undercarriage and rubber tracks—all of that rubber on the track system costs more than four rubber tires. But for contractors looking for less ground disturbance and more floatation, it would be a machine that’s better suited for those jobs.”

For those who do work that requires high ground pressure and who want to move quicker, skid-steers are more nimble with their faster travel speeds, says Zupancic.

“There are some applications where the contractor is trying to create a runoff way for water to flow to eliminate erosion in other areas at a job site,” he says. “A lot of times when the contractor is doing a waterway or stream bed, they’d want higher ground pressure to pack it down before the water starts flowing to limit Renting is another alternative to buying or leasing.

“You use and pay for equipment only when you the amount of erosion.” need it,” he says. “Equipment can be returned, which For a contractor who can is great if a job falls through or business drops off. afford just one piece of equipEquipment rental periods can be determined by amount ment, there are different tradof work a contractor may have, and the term can range eoffs, says Zupancic. It essenfrom daily to weekly to monthly to annually.” tially boils down to the tasks Renting may preclude a purchase, says Caldwell, most commonly performed. adding that the contractor can determine if a piece of “The skid-steer is more equipment is right for the job. “It provides an oppornimble; it’s a little quicker,” tunity evaluate a particular product or model before says Zupancic. “It does have a making a purchase.” tighter turning radius because Rental fleets typically feature newer and updated it doesn’t have that undercarequipment, giving contractors the opportunity to try riage beneath it. Skid-steers the latest features and technology, notes Caldwell. and CTLs typically have the Budgeting is easier with a set cost per month, he adds. tightest turning radiuses of any If equipment can be kept busy throughout the construction or compact type year, purchasing it the best option, Caldwell says. equipment that’s available just That assumes the contractor has a down payment and by their size, but the skid-steer favorable credit score. Purchasing allows the contractypically has a tighter turning tor deductions through machine depreciation, repair, radius versus a compact track and taxes and interest paid. “That’s beneficial to an loader.” individual or company trying to reduce their exposure Maintenance on the equipcome tax time,” he says. ment can be done in-house Other factors to consider: Is it more financially by companies equipped to do feasible for a contractor to do maintenance in-house? so. Zupancic says not much What are requirements for hauling equipment from job maintenance is involved, aside to job? Does the contractor have the appropriate truck, from changing the oil every 500 trailer, and license to transport the machine? hours, which can equate to once a year.

sand to fall through the bucket. It’s also a useful attachment for removing debris or shaping, he adds. The company also has a rock bucket, a rigid bucket with holes in it that enable large debris to fall out.

There are times in doing erosion control work that a contractor does not want high-ground-pressure so the equipment doesn’t sink, and other times when the contractor wants the ground tightly compacted, points out Zupancic.

The latter might involve compacting the land for a bank or a slope that runs into a waterway. John Deere offers vibratory rollers, compaction devices that can be hooked up to the front of a skid-steer.

“They weigh a lot. You roll them across the ground and they vibrate and they pack the ground down nice and tight so you can make sure the river or the bank doesn’t get eroded away,” says Zupancic.

The company offers two styles of vibratory rollers. One is a sheepsfoot roller that encompasses small steel pads around the rolling drum and offers high pressure for jobs where the ground must be tightly compacted. For a smooth finish, there is also a smooth drum vibratory roller.

“The skid-steer is like a compact track loader,” notes Zupancic. “The key difference is the skid-steer has higher ground pressure, typically 30 to 35 pounds per square inch of ground pressure under the tire. A compact track loader is different in that there is a lot more rubber on the ground, spreading the weight of the machine across a wider area.

Purchase, Lease, or Rent?

O

ne major decision contractors must make with compact equipment is whether to purchase, lease, or rent it. The types of jobs that the equipment will be used to perform weigh heavily into that decision.

“Half the skid-steers and track loaders in the industry are purchased flat out with cash,” notes Gregg Zupancic of John Deere. “Another 45% is done through financing. For the contractor who doesn’t have a lot of jobs needing the equipment, or if the jobs are sporadic, leasing is a good way to go because the contractor can trade out the machine for a different model after the lease period, which is typically about three years, or walk away from the lease without having to worry about resale.”

David Caldwell of Takeuchi points out that leasing is a better option for contractors who want to conserve capital and free up funds for other company expenditures. “It’s a good alternative for folks who have seasonal work,” he says. “Setting payments for a certain length of time simplifies budgeting. Contractors can often find lease options that have flex-pay alternatives.”

Reasons against leasing include potentially higher rates than purchasing equipment, Caldwell points out, adding that manufacturers “often have very attractive finance rates for equipment purchases.”

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CASE Construction Equipment CASE Construction Equipment recently introduced what is designed to be the industry’s first Tier 4 Final compact track loaders with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology, the radial-lift T340 and vertical lift TV380.

“The SCR solution is easy and relatively hands-off.

Operators who remember to top off their diesel exhaust fluid tank while refueling will notice no other day-to-day changes,” says Warren Anderson, brand marketing manager with CASE Construction Equipment. “There is no diesel particulate filter [DPF] to maintain or replace, and SCR allows for a more efficient use of fuel as all diesel is consumed in productive effort instead of regeneration.”

SCR is an after-treatment system that lowers exhaust temperatures and does not use fuel to burn off particulate matter.

“It’s great for fuel savings compared to solutions with DPFs,” says Anderson. “SCR technology is more efficient and requires less maintenance than DPFs, as it does not require filter replacement or upkeep. It also removes complexity for operators and maintenance staff by eliminating regeneration associated with DPFs.” The CASE SCR solution is provided by Fiat Powertrain Technologies and is used in on-road trucking, heavy earthmoving, and agricultural applications. The technology is now being outfitted to benefit smaller engine ranges, including compact track loaders.

Both models feature best-in-class breakout force, torque, hydraulic flow, and 360-degree visibility. The models include JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2016

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BOBCAT

“There is daily maintenance, where you make sure the tracks are tensioned properly, there is the right air pressure in the tires, and the machine is greased properly,” he adds.

Some contractors may find it more economical to subcontract the maintenance while devoting their time to performing the jobs.

Major repairs are best handled by the dealer, he adds. Many John Deere dealers will visit the job site to do the maintenance as well.

As for the learning curve on the equipment, “skid-steers and CTLs are the easiest to operate of any piece of construction equipment,” says Zupancic. “They can be productive with no special skills and a small amount of practice time.

These pieces are often referred to as the entry-level product for the construction and landscaping sectors of the industry because of their size, price point, versatility, and ease of operation.”

A Bobcat compact track loader

standard heavy-duty front and side lighting and control handle detents to give the operator greater control and responsiveness.

The combination of size, strength, and flotation is designed for earthmoving applications requiring low ground pressure and minimal ground disturbance. The new Tier 4 Final models feature torque, breakout force, and standard auxiliary hydraulic flow.

The new radial-lift TR340 weighs 10,000 pounds with a rated operating capacity (ROC) of 3,400 pounds and a bucket breakout force of 8,700 pounds. The vertical-lift TV380 weighs 10,550 pounds and provides 7,510 pounds of bucket breakout force and an ROC of 3,800 pounds. Both machines are rated at 90 gross horsepower, produce 282 foot-pounds of torque, and increase hydraulic flow rates (standard is 24.2 gallons per minute and high-flow is 37.6 gallons per minute).

The 25.5-gallon fuel tank extends run times and ensures that the machine works the entire day without refueling, says Anderson.

Heavy-duty features offered as standard equipment include a 950 CCA battery for consistent starts in cold weather, a more robust rear door for added protection, front and side lighting for working all hours of the day, a block heater, and an easy-access remote jump-start, says Anderson.

The TR340 and TV380 offer an EZ-EH (electro-hydraulic) setup menu with nine adjustable speed and control sensitivity EROSION CONTROL 43

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MARSH BUGGY

MARSH BUGGY

settings designed to be adjusted effortlessly as applications change and allow the operator to match controls to comfort and productivity preferences.

A single rocker switch alternates between the CASE “H” operating pattern and ISO pattern controls for operators who are comfortable with one style or the other. New operator handles with detents are designed to improve controllability and feathering by providing greater responsiveness to the machine’s actions and movements.

All CASE Alpha Series CTLs feature a dozer-style undercarriage designed for stability on steep slopes and optimal performance in muddy and sandy terrain. The rigid track frame has fewer moving parts than suspension track systems for better maintenance and durability. The new CTLs feature triple flange rollers, which help prevent de-tracking on inclines by using dozer-style rollers with a larger innerdiameter flange positioned between the track lugs.

The cab is 3 feet wide for operator comfort. It is enclosed, fully sealed, pressurized against noise and dust, and has a low entry threshold for easy access.

The cab-forward design provides 360-degree visibility with site lines down to the bucket edge, curb lines, and to the rear of the machine. Features that further improve visibility include heavy-duty front and side lights, a skylight, ultranarrow wire side screens, and a large and curved rear window.

For maintenance, routine service points are all located at the rear of each machine. The battery is housed behind its own side-entry panel at the rear of the machine for easy access and service. Both machines feature CASE’s easy-tilt cab for convenient access to the drivetrain compartment. Hydraulic quick couplers allow operators to quickly change attachments from the cab, while connectunder-pressure manifolds require no tools to connect or disconnect hydraulic lines.

Amphibious Lighter, low-ground-pressure excavator equipment is ideal for work in soil retention and erosion control, points out Anderson. “We’ve seen examples of retaining walls or other structures built as a method of holding back soil, and then someone operates too near to the top of the wall with a heavier machine. That retaining wall then bows out, or the ground near it is otherwise disturbed, and it can affect the 44 EROSION CONTROL

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integrity of that structure,” he says.

“Similarly, when working in swampy areas or near bodies of water, that lower ground pressure provides greater flotation over the earth and doesn’t undermine the integrity of the soil below it as much when compared to other machines.”

That is one of the reasons that compact track loaders have seized significant market share from skid-steers and other heavier pieces of equipment in landscaping, landscape architecture, erosion control, and grading work, notes Anderson.

“The low-ground-pressure tracked machine retains many of the same operating characteristics of similar wheeled machines such as skid-steers or heavier machines such as smaller dozers, but creates less ground disturbance and requires less touch-up work when the job is complete,” he says.

There are even some areas where compact track loaders improve operating performance over the more common skid-steer, he says. “Because of the tracks and the greater stability and surface area touching the ground, compact track loaders with the same frame size and footprint of a skid-steer will actually have greater lift capacities,” he says. “The greater stability and track surface contact with the ground also makes compact track loaders ideal for use with certain attachments such as trenchers and dozer blades. Compact track loaders are less susceptible to the “porpoising” you get with skid-steers as they travel over uneven land, and that greater stability and even travel plane is ideal for work with those attachments.”

In doing erosion control and landscaping applications where one is often working on softer ground with and over topsoil, CTLs also lessen the impact to the surrounding land and structures, reducing rutting and the need to touch up sites after work, says Anderson.

However, there are times when a comparable wheeled machine such as a skid-steer makes sense, he points out. “Rubber tracked machines experience greater wear when operating on improved surfaces such as concrete and asphalt. Compact track loaders working in such an environment will experience expedited track wear and replacement intervals, making a rubber-tired machine more practical.”

Amphibious Cargo Buggy

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Helac Corp.

The Helac PowerTilt Hydraulic Bucket Tilting Attachment is designed to provide backhoes and excavators with up to 90-degree left and right bucket swing for a full 180-degree total side-to-side swing capability.

“It does well when you’re finish grading, doing slopes on a hill or even in ditches,” notes Jessica Howisey, Helac’s marketing communications manager. “It eliminates extra machines. You can use one and move that bucket all different angles versus moving the excavator around.”

The attachment pin mounts to the dipper stick. PowerTilt is furnished with two different, built-in couplers: the standard, hook-style mechanical quick-coupler uses original equipment manufacturer (OEM) pin-on buckets, and the optional universal coupler uses quick-hitch style buckets. The configurations are custom-designed for each machine brand, says Howisey.

PowerTilt can be combined with most hydraulic quickcouplers. Each PowerTilt is equipped with an internal crossport relief valve that provides hydraulic overload protection.

Seven PowerTilt models are available—sized by machine weight—for backhoes and excavators up to 75,000 pounds.

Helac Corp.’s hydraulic pin grab coupler option provides more choices in addition to the existing half hitch, Universal (Wain-Roy/CP), and brand-specific couplers. The pin grab coupler still allows the PowerTilt to rotate up to 180 degrees side to side. The variable pin center design allows easy pick up and change of the widest range of OEM attachments, says Howisey.

The PowerTilt hydraulic pin grab coupler option is designed to make it easier for the operator to change attachments from the cab. The coupler provides both a front and rear safety locking mechanism to secure both attachment pins and is designed to work in all types of severe and dirty environments.

Curling the attachment guarantees it is in a safe position for engagement and release, says Howisey. In the event of improper attachment connection, the front locking clasp retains the attachment to prevent unexpected separation. In case of hydraulic cylinder or hose failure, the rear sliding hook maintains connection to the attachment rear pin to prevent unexpected separation.

By allowing a change of attachments from the cab, the hydraulic coupler is designed to save an operator considerable machine operating time, offering the ability to reverse buckets to shovel mode at any time to excavate against walls, under pipes, and in other terrains.

The hydraulic pin grab coupler option is available for 5- to 30-ton excavators and loader backhoes in 18 coupler combinations.

With its ability to turn a 90-degree angle and get under pipes and utilities, the PowerTilt reduces manual labor on jobs, points out Howisey.

Marsh Buggies There are some jobs for which conventional equipment cannot be used, such as on watery sites or marshes. Marsh

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Buggies designs, manufacturers, rents, and sells amphibious construction equipment for those situations. The company also serves as a contractor for erosion control jobs.

One predominant use of the equipment is terrace and levy construction.

The company constructs terraces and, once a barrier is formed, material dredged from another location can be pumped into the area to re-create a marsh that had previously eroded.

For operators learning to use a Marsh Buggy, many functions are identical to those of a highway machine or a land excavator such as boom, stick, bucket, swing, track forward, track backward, notes Jamie Autin, who performs computer drafting and design and equipment sales for the company.

“The learning curve comes into play specifically when you get in waters of four to four and a half feet and above, and the equipment becomes completely floating,” she says. “Typically, a person who is well-versed in operating a land excavator can be

transferred over to an amphibious excavator with minimal training.”

The Marsh Buggy is one of the most versatile compact machines for a construction site given its ability to work on both dry land and in shallow water, points out Autin.

“It does completely float, which allows it to transverse lakes, rivers, and canals to get from point A to point B,” says Autin. “It’s able to access areas that no other piece of equipment can access.”

Autin says one of the features of the Marsh Buggy that appeals to contractors is its very low ground pressure. The equipment causes minimal damage to any terrain on which it is used.

Leasing or buying the Marsh Buggy depends on what is more cost-effective for a particular company. “Some contractors own a lot of conventional construction equipment that serves 99% of the situations they work in, but then a project pops up and they need this type of specialized equipment probably just this one time for a couple of months, so leasing is the better option for them,”

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she says. On the other hand, for longterm or frequent projects in and around water, it makes sense for the contractor to buy the equipment, which can pay for itself several times over, adds Autin.

Typical maintenance for the equipment includes preventative maintenance such as oil and filter changes and fluid checks.

Marsh Buggies trains end users in maintaining the tracked system by keeping it lubricated, tightening the tracks, and detecting when the tracks are worn down and when components need to be replaced.

The company rents its equipment with or without an operator.

“Typically, the maintenance for the duration of that lease is the client’s responsibility,” says Autin. “When we rent our equipment with an operator, we then rent that equipment fully operated and maintained by our employees.”

Marsh Buggies often serves as the contractor of record for terrace construction projects in the coastal marsh areas of southern Louisiana. Terraces serve as small levies.

Marsh terracing involves constructing linear mounds of earth from excavated subtidal substrates, which subsequently become colonized by emergent vegetation.

“Terraces are most often constructed in large water bodies that were once emergent marsh but have converted to open water as a result of exposure to a variety of marsh loss factors,” says Autin.

Terraces are usually designed with a crown height equal to surrounding marsh elevation to enable periodic tidal inundation of the terraces and associated vegetation. They are usually planted with native grasses to promote stabilization and decrease erosion, she says.

Marsh terraces were conceived as a potentially effective restoration technique, partly because of their ability to interrupt the negative feedback cycle of marsh erosion that is initiated once

For related articles: www.erosioncontrol.com

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Use of marsh terraces as a coastal restoration technique has been most prevalent in Louisiana, but is becoming more common in Texas, she adds. “Since 1990, marsh terraces have been constructed at more than 80 sites in Louisiana and Texas, encompassing more than 4,320 individual terrace ridges.�

Autin says her company uses up to four machines in the area to construct terraces with specified height, width, and slopes. Once the terraces are

5Se N ss e ion w Se rie s!

interior marshes begin to fragment, says Autin. “In this cycle, as intact marshes begin to fragment and convert to open water, fetch increases and enables production of greater wave energy, which in turn increases marsh erosion rates, ultimately accelerating conversion to an ever-expanding body of open water,� she says.

Marsh terraces function similarly to other restoration techniques such as breakwater and sediment retention structures to break this cycle by reducing fetch and subsequent wave energy, thereby increasing the potential for sediment deposition in the leeward side of the structure.

Terraces may be implemented to achieve one or multiple coastal restoration objectives, such as creating

constructed, the company returns to plant marsh grass.

Some projects are done in conjunction with Ducks Unlimited, an international nonprofit organization dedicated to the conservation of wetlands and associated upland habitats. One such project is the Bayou L’Ours terracing project, of which there are several phases. In the third phase, Marsh Buggies expects to construct and plant 25,800 linear feet of marsh terraces.

Half of the terraces have been

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emergent marsh through establishment of vegetation on the terraces themselves, increasing marsh edge, reducing turbidity to increase light penetration into the water column and promote growth of submerged aquatic vegetation, reducing erosion of adjacent marsh by reducing fetch and wave energy, and promoting the growth of emergent marsh through gradual accumulation of sediment and subsequent colonization by emergent vegetation within the terrace field, outside the terrace footprint. “When these objectives are achieved, terraces may benefit both fisheries and waterbird species dependent upon emergent marsh habitats,� says Autin.

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For long-term or frequent projects, it makes sense for the contractor to buy the equipment, which can pay for itself several times over.

EROSION CONTROL 47

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completed to date; the rest are expected to be done starting in January 2016.

“Once completed, this phase of the project will enhance approximately 250 acres of marsh habitat,” says Autin. The project is in response to the crisis of coastal wetlands loss along the Gulf Coast.

Takeuchi Takeuchi’s line of compact construction equipment can be used in a wide range of applications including erosion control and management, notes David Caldwell, product manager. It includes three compact track loaders, six skid-steer models, and three compact wheel loaders. The company has seven models of excavators, all with long arm configurations designed to offer greater working ranges and less repositioning of machines. The rubber track is designed to cause minimal disturbance.

Key features of the TB216 excavator include a compact design with retractable undercarriage of 38.6–51.2 inches, allowing access to areas unreachable by larger equipment, and a backfill blade with removable end bits.

The TB230 is less than 5 feet wide to provide greater accessibility between gates, homes, and other buildings.

Other features include a backfill blade with float position, an optional angle blade, and a multifunctional monitor panel with multiple attachment presets.

The T240 and TB260 are designed with increased power for greater productivity and feature attachment platforms,

dual auxiliary hydraulics (TB260), a backfill blade with float position, optional cab air-conditioning, optional angle blade, and a multifunction monitor panel with multiple attachment presets to enable the operator to change hydraulically powered attachments quickly. The TB290 has similar features.

All feature a thumb mount.

The TB280FR is designed as a tight tail swing machine with a side-to-side boom for greater visibility of the work site and attachments. The machine also allows the boom to be offset to the right side and stowed next to the cab so it can work full rotation within a very tight radius. It includes an attachment platform, dual auxiliary hydraulics, a backfill

The company has seven models of excavators, all with long arm configurations. The rubber track is designed to cause minimal disturbance.

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blade with float position, standard cab air-conditioning, and a multi-function monitor panel with multiple attachment presets to enable the operator to change hydraulically powered attachments quickly and efficiently.

The TB1140 Series 2 is considered a “big” compact excavator because of its boom pivot and backfill blade, says Caldwell. The pivot boom allows the machine to dig in an offset right or left position, enabling it to work in confined areas such as bridge and roadside work. “It’s also very quiet when traveling,” says Caldwell.

There is an available wide steel track for even greater flotation to avoid disturbing sensitive areas, he adds. The machine has an attachment platform, a backfill blade with float position, and cab air conditioning.

Excavator attachments for erosion control work include excavating buckets, ditching and grading buckets, tilting couplers, hydraulic thumbs, grapples, grading blades, and rotary and flail mowers.

A key feature of Takeuchi’s compact track loader TL8 is a 15-inch track designed for greater flotation, says Caldwell.

“Its compact design makes it easy to transport and allows the loader to access areas that a larger loader simply cannot,” he adds.

The machine provides a 33-gallons per minute (gpm) flow designed for greater attachment versatility.

The TL10 features a 17.7-inch block-style track for greater flotation, while the TL12 features a “more aggressive” 17.7inch bar-style track for greater traction, says Caldwell. The

flow on the TL10 is 36 gpm; the 40 gpm of the TL12 is ideal for mulching heads and rotary cutters that require increased flow, says Caldwell.

Track and skid-steer loader attachments for erosion control include a box blade, smooth lip and tooth buckets, brush grapple, dozer blade, flail mower, forestry mulcher, Harley rake, land plane, rock bucket, root rake, rotary cutter, silt fence installer, spreader, rotary tiller, and over-the-tire tracks for skid-steers to provide greater flotation in soft, uneven terrain.

Whether a contractor chooses to perform maintenance on a machine in-house depends on whether he or she has the right tools and equipment to service and maintain the machine properly and safely, says Caldwell. Another consideration is the contractor’s ability to perform repairs ranging from basic maintenance to more complex issues that may arise. Caldwell recommends that OEM parts always be used when doing maintenance and repairs.

In choosing to outsource the maintenance, Caldwell points out that some companies may have “attractive” maintenance contracts.

“Many of today’s machines are equipped with telematics that make it easier for customers and dealers to schedule and plan for downtime,” he says. “Dealers also can pull parts ahead of time for routine maintenance for greater convenience and efficiency.” EC Carol Brzozowski writes on erosion and technology.

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SHOWCASE IS BASED ON INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY MANUFACTURERS. SOME MANUFACTURERS DID NOT RESPOND TO REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION. PUBLICATION OF MATERIALS RECEIVED IS SUBJECT TO EDITING AND SPACE AVAILABILITY.

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NETCO NETCO specializes in providing heavy-duty coir logs for coastal bank, inland river, and general marine applications. The NETCO coir log is wrapped in 1,000-gram coir mat netting, comes in 10-foot lengths, weighs 9 pounds per lineal foot, and is 100% biodegradable. The company supplies the NETCO coir log with green oak stakes for anchoring/tiedown and can ship the log anywhere in the US. www.netcomanage.com

J. W. Faircloth & Son Inc. Faircloth Skimmer surface drains float on the surface of the sediment basin as it fills and drains, releasing the cleanest water near the surface instead of draining muddy water from the bottom, as conventional outlets do. It drains the basin slowly over several days at a constant rate to maximize settling. The adjustable orifice regulates the filling and drawdown of the basin and improves efficiency. www.fairclothskimmer.com

Presto Geosystems Presto Geosystems, a leading manufacturer of soil stabilization and stormwater products, announces a new product offering, Geoterra GTO construction mats. Presto is well-known in the geosynthetics and erosion control industries for its geocells, porous pavement systems, and portable construction mats. The company has been manufacturing construction mats for over 10 years, primarily for site access and pads in oil drilling regions. Geoterra GTO meets the industry needs for a fast deployment construction mat and is ideal for temporary access roads, work platforms, tracking pads, and temporary and long-term storage. That lighter weight compared to traditional heavier timber or HDPE mats equates to ease of handling, deployment and installation, as well as safety. The mats can be installed and moved onsite by hand without special or heavy handling equipment. The connection of Geoterra GTO mats with large poly bolts makes them fast to mobilize and demobilize and configure to a site’s layout. www.prestogeo.com 50 EROSION CONTROL

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Express Blower Erosion control blankets and sediment control berms have never been easier to install or more effective. Express Blower equipment’s long-range capabilities make large and/or remote sites accessible and manageable. The blown-on application ensures that the blanket or berm conforms exactly to the soil surface for 100% contact. Using its exclusive Supplemental Injection System, customers can add grass or wildflower seed to the blanket or berm for permanent vegetative support.

For erosion control, greenroof material installation, landscapes, playgrounds, and Terraseeding, there’s only one piece of equipment: Express Blower. www.expressblower.com

3rd Edition

Bonar EnkaSolutions, Bonar’s geosynthetics portfolio, includes Enkamat Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRMs) in its group of erosion control products. Enkamat is available in a variety of weights for application in a wide range of project needs. At the Landings Club Golf Course on Skidway Island in Savannah, GA, Enkamat R45 was chosen for its open filament design, which would allow healthy growth of marsh grasses, as well as its highstrength, long-term durability, which would help it withstand maintenance equipment. A littoral shelf, to be constructed just below average pool elevation, would be vegetated with wetland species. From a budgetary and aesthetic perspective, the reinforced vegetation is a welcome alternative to installing costly concrete or unsightly hard armor solutions, and provides an environmentally beneficial solution. www.bonar.com

Designing and Reviewing Effective Sediment and Erosion Control Plans

All New! Forester Press presents Jerry Fifield’s brand new edition of the complete sediment and erosion control guide for designers and reviewers.

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JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2016

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EC SHOWCASE Finn Corp.

With working tank capacities up to 3,600 gallons, Finn Corp.’s complete line of HydroSeeders is designed to meet the needs of extensive erosion control job sites and demanding seeding applications. Customization of HydroSeeders and Bark Blowers on tracks rather than tires for off-road applications is also available.

Delivering the utmost in performance and productivity, Finn equipment’s capabilities, versatility, and output are unmatched. As a world leader for over 70 years in the design and manufacture of innovative, quality equipment for the erosion control industry, Finn is committed to the customer’s complete satisfaction. www.finncorp.com

Pine Hall Brick Co. St. John’s Home in Rochester, NY, is a long-term community for the elderly. To avoid runoff, the home used StormPave permeable clay pavers in the newly constructed courtyard. Stormwater can remain under the pavers as it slowly dissipates back into the soil. Water can also be used to irrigate the rain gardens in and around the courtyard. www.pinehallbrick.com

Mat Inc. The Guard Line of erosion control products provides three premium choices when choosing a Fiber Reinforced Matrix, Bonded Fiber Matrix, or Stabilized Mulch Matrix. All three products ensure soil protection while providing rapid seed germination over all types of terrains. Long-term protection or functional longevity has reached 12–24 months from the flexible erosion control blanket that is created from each product. Each Guard product is derived from the original BFM: Soil Guard. The Guard Line guarantees performance on slopes ranging from 6:1 to 1:1, and product choice is based on slope gradient or project specification. www.matinc.biz

Plastic Solutions Inc. Plastic Solutions Inc. was founded in 1997 with the vision to supply structural plastic trash racks to the stormwater management industry. Since then, a significant amount of research and development has gone into product testing—including load testing, UV resistance, flammability, resin additives, and water flow restriction requirements—all with excellent results. Today, Plastic Solutions supplies high-quality, industry-leading trash racks, and also sells HDPE pipe, HDPE fittings, ChamberMaxx pipe, PVC pipe, plastic catch and drain basins, and plastic sheet goods.

The company has certified shop and field welders to ensure all requirements are met. www.plastic-solution.com

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Fiber Marketing International Rainier Fiber is a 100% virgin wood fiber from clean, fresh-cut Western softwood chips. Fiber separation is by thermo-mechanical defibration utilizing high-temperature steam combined with mechanical action. This combination of clean wood chips and heat produces the best sterile and toxic-free mulch available to germinate and grow seed, stolons, and sprigs. Rainier Fiber Plus Tacifier has a highgrade organic tacifier uniformly mixed with the wood fiber. This gives stronger bonding of the fibers to the soil and increased erosion protection on slopes. www.fmisales.com

IECS Environmental Inc. IECS is committed to providing its customers with the highest quality products possible. They strive to ensure that all customer requirements are met and will deliver the material in a timely manner, using a management process designed to ensure continuous improvement and the achievement of corporate goals and objectives. Cable Concrete is the first choice of engineers, planners, communities, municipalities, conservation authorities, and contractors. IECS is seen as the leader in providing successful, sustainable erosion solutions to protect the environment and by extension protect physical, human, livestock, and wildlife assets. www.iecs.com

John Deere The 210L EP and 210L are the newest members of the John Deere L-Series lineup. Joining their backhoe brethren, which were introduced last month, the dependable and durable tractor loaders boast several customer-inspired improvements that are ideal for earthwork, roadwork, land clearing, and landscaping operations. www.johndeere.com Borgert Products In the US, continuing development increases impervious areas; therefore, an increase in stormwater management is required. The current conditions have resulted in problems from poor water quality to frequent flooding and erosion issues. Current infrastructures are over-burdened and costly to expand. As a solution for managing stormwater, Borgert Products developed and patented a permeable pavement system called FiltraPave (Patent# 737,465/737,466). The FiltraPave system is designed to remove surface water runoff and its pollutants, eliminating the need for costly expansion to infrastructure and wasteful detention ponds. FiltraPave controls the water while serving as walkways, plazas, parking lots, or streets. www.borgertproducts.com

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2016

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A.H. Meyer Maschinenfabrik GmbH ............................................ www.ahmeyer.com ....................................................................................................... 54 Blocksom & Co. ................................................................................... www.blocksom.com ...................................................................................................... 21 Bonar.......................................................................................................... www.bonar.com .......................................................................................................... 54 Bowie ...............................................................................................www.bowieindustries.com ............................................................................................... 22 Contech Engineered Solutions .....................................................www.conteches.com ........................................................................................... Cover 2 Envirocert International Inc. ........................................................www.envirocertintl.org ................................................................................................... 55 Finn Corp. ...............................................................................................www.finncorp.com ....................................................................................................... 34 Genesis Nursery Inc. .................................................................www.genesisnurseryinc.com ............................................................................................. 31 Geobrugg .......................................................................................... www.us.geobrugg.com ................................................................................................... 36 Gripple Inc...............................................................................................www.gripple.com ........................................................................................................ 54 HydroStraw LLC.................................................................................www.hydrostraw.com .................................................................................................... 54 IECA ............................................................................................................... www.ieca.org............................................................................................................. 17 J.W. Faircloth & Son .................................................................... www.fairclothskimmer.com............................................................................................... 29 JRM Chemical Inc./Soilmoist .......................................................... www.soilmoist.com ...................................................................................................... 26 King-Hughes Fasteners Corp. ......................................................... www.hogrings.com....................................................................................................... 29 Maccaferri Inc.................................................................................. www.maccaferri.com/us .................................................................................................. 25 Maclean Civil Products/Foresight ..............................................www.earthanchor.com ................................................................................................... 37 Mat Inc. .......................................................................................................www.matinc.biz .......................................................................................................... 31 Netco.................................................................................................. www.netcomanage.com.................................................................................................. 55 Pine Hall Brick Co. Inc.. ..................................................................www.pinehallbrick.com .................................................................................................. 35 Plastic Solutions Inc .....................................................................www.plastic-solution.com ................................................................................................ 20 Presto Products Co. ...........................................................................www.prestogeo.com ..................................................................................................... 27 S & S Seeds ..............................................................................................www.ssseeds.com ........................................................................................................ 55 Silt-Saver ................................................................................................. www.siltsaver.com...........................................................................................................3 Tensar North American Green ........................................................www.nagreen.com ............................................................................................. Cover 4 Vitamin Institute ...............................................................................www.superthrive.com .................................................................................................... 33 Willacoochee Industrial Fabrics.................................www.willacoocheeindustrialfabrics.com .................................................................................. 19 Williams Form Engineering Corp. ............................................. www.williamsform.com................................................................................................... 28 WTB Inc. .................................................................................................... www.wtbinc.net .......................................................................................................... 55 56 EROSION CONTROL

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SEEKING BOOK PROPOSALS ForesterPress is seeking book proposals and manuscript submissions on current topics of high interest to civil engineers; municipal infrastructure professionals; consultants; industry professionals responsible for meeting soil, water, and energy compliance standards; academics; and other environmental-quality professionals.

We publish practical, progressive, reference, and professional development books in the following subject areas: • Stormwater Management • Soil Erosion and Sediment Control • Construction-Site Compliance and Best Management Practices • Solid Waste Management • Water Efficiency and Conservation • Onsite Energy Management We offer generous royalties, high production quality, and effective marketing campaigns that target your book’s intended audience.

To submit your book proposal: Include a detailed description of the content, an annotated table of contents and a comprehensive outline, a sample chapter on the book’s topic, your curriculum vitae, and the names of recommended reviewers to: Acquisitions Editor ForesterPress • PO Box 3100 Santa Barbara, CA 93130 Phone: 805-682-1300 • Fax: 805-682-0200 acquisitions@forester.net

Designing and Reviewing Effective Sediment and Erosion Control Plans

FORESTER REFERENCE RESOURCES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE PROFESSIONALS www.foresternetwork.com

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JERALD S. FIFIELD, PH.D, CPESC, CISEC

12/4/15 2:34 PM

Reader Profile

By Carol Brzozowski

JEFFREY ECONOM

S

omething that’s always bothered Jeffrey Econom, P.E., is that NPDES Phase I and Phase II regulations are based not upon physical characteristics, but on numbers: a 5-acre disturbance and a 1-acre disturbance. “I could go to an area that’s all sand, disturb 60 acres, and might have to go through a full SWPPP [stormwater pollution prevention plan],” he says. “But I can take a half-acre site that’s got a 40% slope next to wetlands and a Class A stream and—because it’s under 1 acre—the regulations are different. We need to start looking at the overall picture of the conditions of each site, such as appropriate slopes, environmental constraints, and water-quality issues.”

Econom is superintendent of public works for the Village of Pleasantville, NY. He is a Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC) a Certified Professional in Stormwater Quality (CPSWQ), a Certified Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Specialist (CMS4S), and Certified Professional Code Administrator (CPCA).

He’s also affiliated with EnviroCert International, a nonprofit organization providing guidelines for the CPSWQ, CPESC, CMS4S, and Certified Erosion, Sediment, and Stormwater Inspector (CESSWI).

“A lot of municipalities will say there’s a threshold of 500 square feet of imperviousness and then you have to deal with it,” says Econom. “My philosophy is if we allowed that and every parcel that had disturbance, our infrastructure would be undersized. Most municipalities’ infrastructure has been in for up to 40 years or longer and is adequate or substandard. If you continue to increase runoff, it’s just going to make everything worse.” Econom proposed to Pleasantville’s village board that a runoff increase of any kind should be addressed. His proposal is now policy.

What Led Him to This Line of Work Econom always had an interest in building construction.

He earned a B.S. in civil engineering and an M.S. in environmental engineering from Manhattan College. In his first municipal job, he oversaw building permit applications for site development and dealt with erosion and sediment control.

“I met Don Lake, one of the founders of the CPESC and CPSWQ programs, took the course, and obtained my CPESC certification,” says Econom, who went on to become a trainer.

58 EROSION CONTROL

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He would like to see such courses offered on a college level. “A lot of engineers and design professionals pretty much learn on the go,” he says. As a certified building inspector and a building inspector trainer in New York, Econom says that although he sees many bigger projects under control, smaller sites have become more constrained and lack scrutiny. “Building inspectors are approving plans with little or no erosion and sediment control practices,” he says.

Throughout his career, he has worked for the private and public sectors. Both lack education and training in keeping up with regulations, technology, and the appropriateness of a given approach to a situation, he says. He also sees a lack of communication among various groups, which he hopes the EnviroCert programs can address through training and certification. “Erosion and sediment control aren’t really any different from state to state,” he says. “Yes, we have different soil types and different vegetation. But consistency across the board would make it a lot easier for people. They move from job to job, state to state, and continue in the same practice.”

What He Does Day to Day Econom oversees a staff of 30. He’s responsible for highway, water, sewer, sanitation, and parks, and he reviews building permit applications for stormwater compliance.

Econom embraces flexibility. “In any part of the day, I could be working on a water problem, a sewer problem, an erosion problem,” he notes.

What He Likes Best About His Work Interacting with the public and being able to assist people in finding a solution to a problem is Econom’s favorite part of the job. He enjoys his position with the village as well as his work with EnviroCert, through which he says he hopes to continue to provide influence and help in the erosion and sediment control field.

His Greatest Challenge Trying to get projects done “the right way” and dealing with unfunded mandates is Econom’s biggest challenge. “You’re trying to come up with innovative ways to do things with little or no funds,” he says. EC Carol Brzozowski writes on erosion control and technology.

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11/20/15 3:06 PM

10 Simple Strategies for Achieving Environmental Compliance and Big Profits at the Same Time Jennifer Hildebrand

STRAIGHT TALK STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE

Hildebrand’s refreshing and crystal-clear approach merits serious attention and has already won support across the regulatory and construction spectrum.

“Jennifer has always had the practical, hands-on experience and communicative ability to wade through complex issues to help others arrive at a clearer understanding through her teaching and, now, in her new book, Straight Talk.”

– Mike Harding, CPESC, Geosyntec Consultants “This book is a must read for the construction site manager, the SWPPP developer, and the site inspector.”

– John McCullah, President, Salix Applied Earthcare and host of Dirt Time

Straight Talk: Strategies for Environmental Compliance

by Jennifer Hildebrand FP_StraightTalk15_1p

Order at www.ForesterNetwork.com/books

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