Cancer prevention

How can we prevent cancer?

Question # 1 What can you do to avoid smoking?

Avoiding tobacco - or deciding to stop using it - is one of the most important health decisions you can make. It's also an important part of cancer prevention.

http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/cancer-prevention/art-20044816

With 1.8 million instances, lung cancer was the most often diagnosed cancer tumor in 2012.

Practically all 1.8 million lung cancer instances were caused by smoking. http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/panorama/krebsrate-steigt-dramatisch-an-1.18234997

Question # 2 How often do you do exercise?

Physical activity can help reduce the risk of developing the following types of cancer:  Colon cancer.  Breat cancer.  Endometrial cancers.  Esophageal adenocarcinoma.  Liver cancer.  Cancer of the gastric cardia.  Kidney cancer.  Myeloid leukemia.  Myeloma.  Cancers of the head and neck, rectum, and bladder.  Lung cancer. http://www.cancer.gov/news-events/press-releases/2016/physical-activity-lowers-cancer-risk http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/The-10-commandments-of-cancer-prevention

The 2nd and 3rd most often diagnosed cancer tumor form - with 1.7 million and 1.4 million instances respectively - are tumors in breast and gut.

At least 10% of these cancer tumors are caused by obesity. http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/panorama/krebsrate-steigt-dramatisch-an-1.18234997

Question # 3 How often do you eat vegetables and fruit?

Research shows that vegetables and fruits probably protect against a range of cancers – including mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus and lung cancer.

As well as containing vitamins and minerals, which help keep the body healthy and strengthen our immune system, vegetables and fruit are also good sources of substances like phytochemicals. These are biologically active compounds that can help protect cells in the body from damage that can lead to cancer. http://www.aicr.org/reduce-your-cancer-risk/recommendations-for-cancer-prevention/recommendations_04_plant_based.html

Question # 4 How well do you protect your skin from the sun?

Minimizing sun exposure is the best way to prevent skin cancer. For example, you can wear long-sleeved shirts and hats.

http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/skin-cancer/overview.html

Question # 5 How often do you have cancer checks done?

A mammogram is an x-ray picture of the breast.

Mammograms can be used to check for breast cancer in women who have no signs or symptoms of the disease.

This type of mammogram is called a screening mammogram. Screening mammograms usually involve two x-ray pictures of each breast. The x-ray images make it possible to detect tumors that cannot be felt. http://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/mammograms-fact-sheet

Die Krebsliga empfiehlt die BrustkrebsfrĂźherkennung durch Mammografien bei gesunden Frauen ab 50 Jahren.

http://www.krebsliga.ch/de/praevention/pravention_krebsarten/brustkrebs_/fruherkennung/

Die Krebsliga empfiehlt die Darmkrebsfrüherkennung für Frauen und Männer ab 50 Jahren.

http://www.krebsliga.ch/de/praevention/pravention_krebsarten/darmkrebs/fruherkennung/

Question # 6 What mobile apps do you use to test your health?

http://youtu.be/dm4fvbrMLPw

Question # 7 How can immunotherapy help cure cancer?

Unlike chemotherapy, which involves administering powerful drugs that kill both cancerous and healthy cells, immunotherapies harness the power of the immune system to help it identify and knock out just the cancerous cells.

Immunotherapies work well for some cancers such as melanoma, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and multiple myeloma. http://www.businessinsider.de/what-cancer-treatment-did-jimmy-carter-use-2016-3?r=US&IR=T

3 types of immunotherapy Monoclonal antibodies These are man-made versions of immune system proteins. Antibodies can be very useful in treating cancer because they can be designed to attack a very specific part of a cancer cell.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors These drugs basically take the “brakes� off the immune system, which helps it recognize and attack cancer cells.

Cancer vaccines Vaccines are substances put into the body to start an immune response against certain diseases. We usually think of them as being given to healthy people to help prevent infections. But some vaccines can help prevent or treat cancer. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003013-pdf.pdf

Further sources https://youtu.be/KxlPGfbst2c

Question # 8 Who is good at treating cancer?

The Martini-Klinik is a highly specialized private clinic for the treatment of patients suffering from prostate cancer.

http://www.uke-io.de/medicalservices/medical-treatment/martini-klinik-prostate-cancer.html

With approx. 2,200 prostate cancer surgeries annually, doctors working for the Martini-Klinik perform the highest number of complete surgical removals of the prostate worldwide.

http://www.uke-io.de/medicalservices/medical-treatment/martini-klinik-prostate-cancer.html

Question # 9 How can storytelling help people cope with cancer?

http://www.mysurvivalstory.org/

Further sources

http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/books/wcr/wcr-toc.php http://www.krebsliga.ch/de/praevention https://youtu.be/tSljsqL_Vos http://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/jul/01/breast-cancer-working-night-shifts https://www.thetumorboard.org