Section A E R C E e h kshop of t nication“ r o W l a n io Internat lture and Commu „Digital Cu
E– R u T l s u T C R l O A F T i M G O i D sC i D D n A s PROMisE Workshopnd – 4th, 2013 October 2 Studies ia d e M f o nt Departme of Bonn University dccecrea2013.uni-bonn.de
Contact
University of Bonn Institute of Linguistics, Media and Sound Studies Poppelsdorfer Allee 47 53115 Bonn/Germany Phone: (+49) 0228 73 4746 Fax: (+49) 0228 73 9287 ogon(at)medienwissenschaft.uni-bonn.de
PROGRAMME Thursday, October 3rd 9.00h
Participants Registration
09.30h
Workshop Presentation
10.00h
KEYNOTE Speaker
11.00h 11.30h
Coffee Break Panel 1
Panel 2
13.30h Lunch 14.30h
Panel 3
16.30h
Coffee Break
17.00h
DCC Section Meeting
20.00h
Conference Dinner (Restaurant „ROSES“)
22.00h
YECREA Social Event
Panel 4
Friday, October 4th 09.30h
Panel 5
11.30h
Coffee Break
12.00h
KEYNOTE Speaker
Panel 6
13.00h Lunch 14.00h
Panel 7
Panel 8
16.00h
Coffee Break
16.30h
YECREA Meeting
18.00h
END OF CONFERENCE: Caja Thimm & Veronica Barassi
Contents
introduction Elisenda Ardevol, Gemma San Cornelio & Veronica Barassi........................................................................... 4
keynotes Jakob Svensson ............................................................................................................................................... 6 Annette Markham ............................................................................................................................................ 7
PANEL 1
Sandy Ross ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 Georgina Turner & Liesbet van Zoonen .......................................................................................................... 9 Saskia Sell ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 Laura Kinsella .................................................................................................................................................. 11
PANEL 2
Antoni Roig & Gemma San Cornelio ............................................................................................................... 12 Talia Leibovitz & Antoni Roig .......................................................................................................................... 13 Teresa Swirski & Philippa Collin ......................................................................................................................14 Gry Hongsmark & Domen Baide ..................................................................................................................... 15
PANEL 3
Yulia Lukashina ................................................................................................................................................ 16 Niamh Ni Bhroin .............................................................................................................................................. 17 Pedro Jacobetty .............................................................................................................................................. 18 Simon Berghofer ..............................................................................................................................................19
PANEL 4
Caroline Wamala, Jakob Svensson, Evelyn Kigozi-Kahiig & Ali Ndiwalana .................................................. 20 Fernando Santor, Naiara Back de Moraes & Rafaela Heming ....................................................................... 22 Kenzie Burchell ................................................................................................................................................ 23
PANEL 5
Débora Lanzeni ................................................................................................................................................ 24 Elisenda Ardevol .............................................................................................................................................. 25 Lucia Vesnic-Alujevic, Angela Guimaraes Pereira & Melina Breitegger ......................................................... 26 Veronica Barassi .............................................................................................................................................. 27
PANEL 6
Caroline Bassett ...............................................................................................................................................28 Ryan Burns ....................................................................................................................................................... 29 János Tóth ....................................................................................................................................................... 30 Aristea Fotopoulou & Kate O‘Riordan ............................................................................................................ 31
PANEL 7
Ulrike Wagner .................................................................................................................................................. 32 Tilo Grenz & Michaela Pfadenhauer ............................................................................................................... 33 Andreas Hepp, Matthias Berg & Cindy Roitsch .............................................................................................. 34 Kathrin F. Müller & Ulrike Roth ........................................................................................................................35 Caja Thimm, Mark Dang-Anh & Jessica Einspänner ...................................................................................... 36
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Presentations
Gian Paolo Lazzer & Paolo Giardullo .............................................................................................................. 37 Jane Fleischer .................................................................................................................................................. 38 Soledad Ayala .................................................................................................................................................. 39 Stine Gotved & Klaus Bierager ........................................................................................................................ 40 Daria Dayter ..................................................................................................................................................... 41
Introduction
Digital Culture: Promises and Discomforts Introductory words
Elisenda Ardevol / DCC Chair Gemma San Cornelio / DCC Vice Chair Veronica Barassi / DCC Vice Chair The Digital Culture and Communication section aims at exchanging and developing research at the European level in the developing field of digital media and informational culture from an interdisciplinary standpoint. In this workshop we want to critically discuss the promises and discomforts of digital culture taking into account the tensions raised by different material practices, understandings and social orders around the role of digital media in performing social change. The ongoing mediatisation process is related to social transformations as well as technical innovation processes and creative practices. We usually endorse digital technologies with the promises of a better way of life, solving our problems of managing the world’s complexity, allowing better participatory policies and helping us in our daily life. At the same time, however, we are confronted with the fundamental problems of technological structures, such as the problems of Internet surveillance, control and the unequal distribution of power on the Web. Looking at digital cultures as a driving force of social change, we find ourselves confronted with a variety of contradictory
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images of digital culture and its possible futures. Thus, we decided to give to this workshop a different focus as the one that is commonly found in discussions on Digital Culture by interrelating images, practices and narratives. Firstly, our focus revolves around how we study the images of future that are drawn in techno-scapes like in science-fiction films, artificial intelligence designs, virtual worlds or metaverses: What kinds of individuals, societies and environments are imagined through the growing pervasiveness of Digital Culture into our lives? How digital imaginaries shape our experience and relate to our ways of narrating ourselves and our creative practices? Regarding that issues, we were also asking about the role of innovation, creative industries and urban labs in the design of the future and in the different kinds of social intervention. Moreover, how digital imaginations are performing current narrative forms as well as transforming knowledge production and sharing. Secondly, we wanted to address empirically grounded research about the
Introduction existing networked digital technologies as smartphones and tablet computers, which are becoming increasingly popular at an extraordinary pace. These devices not only make digital media applications truly ubiquitous, but also create an abundance of digital location-sensitive information, which saturates local places, social relations, and the perception and organisation of neighbourhoods. We wanted then to debate the concepts of space and materiality in relation to sociality, how digital technologies create new forms of the social and how the political logics of local/global or private/public is renegotiated in different social and cultural contexts. In that sense, we were interested in the production and use of digital media regarding collaboration, consumption, infrastructure, mobility and public service. Thirdly, digital engagement manifests itself in a broad range of social and cultural practices. People discursively engage through and with digital media and thus dissolve and re-do spatial, temporal and social boundaries. Especially a few popular commercial social networks, like Facebook and Twitter, are presumed to play a crucial role in the process of social change by means of interaction and connectivity. On a political dimension, citizens and activists voice their opinions, discuss political issues, organize and mobilize for protest in new or alternative public spheres. However, it remains unclear, whether and in which differentiations digital media engagement affects established power relations and thus promotes social change. This is related with the analysis of the diverse
forms of political engagement unfold in digital media environments and the role of the narratives of the revolutionary effects of internet usage. In that direction, the workshop aims to discuss our theoretical and methodological approaches to social change, communication and technology, how can underlying technological and power structures of media be rendered visible, and to what extent they conform the possibilities and boundaries of people’s engagements with media. The papers presented in this workshop address these questions in manifolds approaches and a great variety of empirical locus of research. Many of them are coming from young scholars and PhD students across Europe. Our desire is to build on a reflexive way of understanding digital culture and communication and to contribute to a creative and critical thinking about media and society. Moreover, during the workshop, we host a YECREA meeting because we would like the workshop to be useful not only for rethinking digital culture and communication research, but also for reflecting upon interdisciplinary and academic practices and career innovation. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to the Department of Media Studies of the University of Bonn, and especially to Caja Thimm and Jessica Einspänner, for hosting our Third Digital Culture and Communication Section of ECREA Workshop. Enjoy it!
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Keynote
New Media for Development? Jakob Svensson In this talk I will try to unravel A) what we mean with new media B) what type of development is usually envisioned by scholars and practitioners and how we could critically approach development as well as C) providing an overview of research on how new media has been discussed to further development in the interdisciplinary the field of ICT4D (Information and Communication Technology for Development). A) Given the rise of mobile phones in so-called developing regions, new media (or ICTs for that matter) does not exclusively focus digital technology. Furthermore digital technology and mobile phones are also becoming increasingly hard to separate, not the least in places like Africa where it seems that the whole fixed broadband phase while be leapfrogged and users will go straight into mobile connectivity. B) Development is a notoriously tricky concept to grasp, a concept over which scholarly battles have been raging for some time. Much criticisms have been raised that development thinking entail values biased towards western culture, not the least economic approaches favoring market capitalism. Still it seems that economic perspectives continue to underlie imaginaries of the benefits of using new media in socalled developing regions. In this talk I
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will propose a dialectic understanding of development based on capability theory, taking context as well as individual agency into account. C) I will end the talk by presenting three main areas in which new media has been discussed to further development; health, livelihood and participation. Here, I draw upon experiences and research efforts when directing the research network HumanIT from 2010-2013 (www.kau.se/en/humanit), organizing three conferences as well as own research in which I have attempted to highlight critical perspectives on ICT4D. Dr. Jakob Svensson is a researcher with a PhD in Media and Communication Studies from Lund University. His research interest ranges from Civic Communication, political participation and the construction of citizenship through online communicative practices to mobile communication and new media for development. Jakob is currently holding a position of senior lecturer in Media and Communication Studies at both Uppsala University where he is directing the master program Digital Media & Society - and Karlstad University, where he is directing the master programs in Global Media Studies.
Keynote
Fieldwork in Social Media: What would Malinowsk Do? Annette Markham While fieldwork is the foundation of robust ethnographic inquiry in physical settings, the practical methods have never fit comfortably in digital contexts. For many researchers, the activities of fieldwork must be so radically adjusted, they hardly resemble fieldwork anymore. How does one conduct ‘participant observation’ of Twitter? What counts as observation of a blog and how closely should this practice resemble observation of cultural practices in traditional ethnographic environments? When identities and cultural formations are located in or made of information flows through global networks, where do we demarcate the boundaries of ‘the field’? In such global networks, what strategies do we use to conduct interviews? What counts as interview? In this keynote address, Dr. Annette Markham draws upon nearly 20 years of digital culture research to discuss the persistent challenges of transferring fieldwork methods intended for physically situated contexts to digitally-mediated social contexts. She offers strategies for exploring the premises rather than procedures of fieldwork, which may not be seen on the surface level of method, but operate at a level that can be described as below method, or in everyday inquiry practices. This process of reflexive methodological analysis allows for a systematic
remix of what might constitute flexible and adaptive fieldwork suitable for studying 21st Century networked communication practices and cultural formations. Annette Markham is Associate Professor of Information Studies at the Department of Aesthetics and Communication at Aarhus University and Affiliate Professor at Loyola University-Chicago. Her research focuses on ethnographic and qualitative research methods and ethics of Internet-mediated contexts. Her sociological work on lived experience in Internet contexts is well represented in the book Life Online: Researching Real Experience in Virtual Space (Alta Mira, 1998). Her most recent research focuses on the concept of remix as a metaphor for reframing qualitative inquiry in contexts saturated with social media. In addition to her co-edited volume: Internet Inquiry: Conversations about Method (Sage, 2009, with Nancy Baym), her work appears in a range of books and peer-reviewed journals. Annette Markham received her PhD in Organizational Communication in 1997 at Purdue University.
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Presentation
ThE sinGulARiTiEs ARE niGh: TRAnshuMAnisT uTOPiAn visiOns in sECOnD liFE
Sandy Ross / Higher School of Economics Moscow
In the global north, popular imaginings of the Internet and cyberspace are suffused with Enlightenment notions of a steadily improving world achieved through technological advancement. For Transhumanists these technologies are entangled with utopian dreams and techno-futurist, science (fiction) imaginaries. Scholarly literatures on Transhumanism (H+) are small and largely confined to the humanities, though there is a large grey literature written by H+ activists in their own peer-reviewed journals. This emerging academic literature is based on non-fiction books, websites and speeches produced by public figures in the H+ movement, and science
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fiction novels, rather than the perspectives of people for whom Transhumanism is a personal belief, not a career or professional activity. This paper draws on previous work with H+ texts and discourses, exploring how themes of utopia, transcendence and a kinder, gentler digital apocalypse are articulated by several users of Second Life who identify themselves as Transhumanists. These narratives illustrate how techno-futurist visions, specifically the fringe Transhumanist movement, grow out of long-standing utopian and religious traditions.
PANEL 1
Presentation
“wOulD yOu AGREE wiTh ThE COnCEPT OF PRE-CRiME iF iT EXisTED?� AuDiEnCE REACTiOns TO FilM AnD TElEvisiOn iMAGEs OF ThE FuTuRE OF iDEnTiTy MAnAGEMEnT Georgina Turner / Loughborough University Liesbet van Zoonen / Loughborough University
Forming part of a wide-reaching project addressing public perceptions of identity management technologies, our paper looks at the ways that users of the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) message boards discuss the technologies as depicted in futuristic films and television series. How do viewers react to and reinvent for their own realities the pre-crime system on which Minority Report depends, for instance? What do people make of the constant daily DNA verification of Gattaca? What does the audience of Equilibrium imagine for a world where emotion is regulated? Though in some cases such titles may not do more than simply entertain their
audiences, we find on IMDb ongoing discussions of the technologies and systems that underpin them, which suggests they can also act at least as a prompt, if not as a prediction; here we consider these conversations and their relationship with discourses around real-world developments in the public and private domains.
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Presentation
CyBERFiCTiOn As sOCiAl FiCTiOn – DiGiTAl iMAGinARiEs BETwEEn ART AnD ARTiFACT
Saskia Sell / Freie Universität Berlin
Imaginations of virtual spaces shape the design and development of digital communication. They also guide our perception of connectivity in the adoption process – art, storytelling and technological artifact are closely interrelated. This analysis uses the theoretical concept of Co-Emergence which depicts the on-going process of co-development of communications technology and cultural techniques. In a discourse analysis of three decades of Anglophone Cyberfiction, examples from 1980s-2000s, reflecting upon hopes and fears related to new ICTs, three key conceptual metaphors were identified as most influential reference points. They address (1) a re-definition of space as Cyberspace, which bears many characteristics of Foucault‘s Heterotopia and Benjamin‘s Arcades, (2) a re-definition of the human body
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as Cyborg which shows changes in space-time perception as well as in the perception of the body in narratives of augmentation, transcendence and immortality and (3) the apotheosis and humanization of digital memory as Artificial Intelligence, imagined as control entity, autonomous agent and coagulated culture. The modes of storytelling show an uneasy ambivalence towards new technology, shifting forth and back between liberating aspects and new dependencies. They provide a cultural dimension worth discussing in this context, as they both shape and are shaped by changing forms of ICT.
PANEL 1
Presentation
OThER sTORiEs: ThE PROMisE OF vOiCE AnD COnFliCTinG nARRATivEs
Laura Kinsella / Dublin Institute of Technology
Digital discourse celebrates the promise of ‘giving voice’ to those hitherto marginalised and silenced, as a site of self- representation and expression (Buckingham and de Block, 2007). However, media scholars note the varied and often contradictory perspectives and applications surrounding this. What does it mean to ‘give voice’ or facilitate an ‘effective voice’ (Couldry, 2010)? In the last decade Ireland’s immigration population grew to more than one in ten (Fanning, 2011), yet the voices of immigrant youth are largely absent when it comes to understanding their settlement experiences. My participatory ethnographic doctoral research with multicultural immigrant youth (18-25) in Cork city is a media literacy intervention that aims to amplify the personal narratives of immigrant youth living in Ireland. In this paper I
will problematize a youth media project organised by a migrants rights advocacy group that promised to ‘help’ immigrant youth ‘find a voice’. I will then focus on how participants used media literacy to respond to this campaign, rejecting the ‘refugee experience’ that risks labelling youth as victims of their past (Ahearn, 2000; Mc Dowell and Pittaway, 2007). While sympathetic to the rationale for using participatory media, this paper criticises the naïve material practices and understandings around the role of digital media in performing social change that is frequently adopted by youth media projects and constrains and limits voice, even as the promise of voice appears to multiply.
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Presentation Presentation
PlAyinG ThE invisiBlE RulEs OF CREATiOn: TRAnsFORMinG PRACTiCEs in COllABORATivE MusiC EXPERiEnCEs
Gemma San Cornelio / Open University of Cataluña Antoni Roig / Open University of Cataluña
This paper is focused on collaborative creation, as an exponent of emerging creative practices considered as a promise for the creative industries, trying to find innovative ways to create or distribute contents in a digital landscape driven by uncertainty. This is particularly relevant in the case of the music industry, considered as the first and foremost victim of user-driven practices like file sharing. Beyond well-known discourses on piracy, the music industry -and musicians- are engaged in a continuous process of re-invention, trying to reinstate the ties with consumers long lost through a system based on scarcity and successive booms of sales (and re-sales) of physical support recordings. Drawing from our previous research on playful practices and negotiation and conflict (Ardèvol et al, 2011, Roig
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et al, 2013), our aim is to explore and analyze how rules are constituted in creative practices that are oriented to foster playful appropriation, enactment and/or co-creation of cultural objects in music. We will present an early analysis of Beck Hansen’s co-creation project Song Reader and specific remix experiences through a comparative research focused in music creation/ appropriation.
PANEL 2
Presentation Presentation
CROwDFunDinG AnD MEDiA COllABORATiOn: ABOuT ThE REwARDs
Talia Leibovitz / Open University of Catalu単a Antoni Roig / Open University of Catalu単a
Participation and collaboration has become a key concepts used to frame an emerging media practice in creative industries. It describes the transformation of former audiences into active participants and agents in the context of cultural production (Schafer, 2011). Financing through crowdfunding can be understood as part of this trend. We can understand it as an open call, mostly through the Internet, for the provision of financial resources either in form of donation or in exchange for some form of reward and/or voting rights. (Belleflamme et. al, 2011). It has been increasingly used in the entertainment industry by independent filmmakers, artists, writers, and performers to bypass traditional keepers of the purse (Kappel, 2009).
Crowdfunding seek the collaboration mediated by an interchange (material or symbolic) by the inclusion of some sort of rewards. This opens a frame to discuss about the scope of this rewards and it relation of the crowd engagement. This paper aim to understand the importance drive the on the rewards in establishing collaborative models of cultural production mediated by digital platforms, focusing on crowdfunding for audiovisual production. To what extent collaboration is mediated by the rewards? Is it possible think in a crowdfunding model without the rewards system? Are questions we pretend to discuss based on a survey data on backers who have supported audiovisual projects through crowdfunding digital platforms in Spain.
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Presentation Presentation
CO-CREATinG A DiGiTAl iMAGinATiOn: MOBilisinG yOuTh PARTiCiPATiOn
Teresa Swirski / University of Western Sidney Philippa Collin / University of Western Sidney
Social change and knowledge transformation emerges from the intermingling of technological, cultural and creative practices. In regard to new technologies, ideas about how we envision and integrate them into everyday life vary widely. To gain further insight into these dynamics, the interrelationship between the terms ‘digital’ and ‘imagination’ is explored. As digital technology becomes increasingly entangled in how we live, work and play, the novel ways we mediate and mobilise personal and collective narratives invites strong attention. A complexity theory framing of this ‘digital imagination’ is discussed in relation to Safe and Well Online – an innovative, participatory design project researching social communications in the promotion of young people’s safety and wellbeing. Exploring the ent-
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anglement between young people’s practices, new technologies and youth sector stakeholders (such as researchers, digital strategists, creatives and policymakers) can increase awareness of the co-creation process of a ‘digital imagination’. Navigating complex, transdisciplinary issues can no longer rely upon traditional, hierarchical communication. Instead, new technological affordances are allowing diverse voices and multidimensional expertise to be heard, thereby transgressing the boundaries of knowledge networks. Social change has always been an imaginative project, the significant difference is that nowadays it is a digitally networked, imaginative project.
PANEL 2
Presentation Presentation
FEED ThE DOGs! ORGAniZinG PhysiCAl sOCiAliTiEs ThROuGh FACEBOOk
Gry Høngsmark Knudsen / University of Southern Denmark Domen Bajde / University of Southern Denmark
On March 21st 2013 a shelter for homeless people in Svendborg (small Danish city) was out of dog food. Usually they keep a supply in case some of the homeless people come in and ask for something for their dogs. Now, someone was asking for dog food, but there was nothing left. To do something, the manager at the moment posted their need for dog food on the shelter’s facebook page along with a picture of some of the dogs in the need of food. The post received an overwhelming level of attention compared to the general interest that facebook-users have in the shelter’s activities.
taneous and flexible nature of social media facilitates fast and extensive transformation of neighbourhood and regional awareness/ consciousness. The drive for charity is catalyzed by the visual and textual appeal published on social media and effectively “translated” (Latour 2005) into the social and physical lives of people, mobilizing them to come to the shelter in surprising numbers with kilo after kilo of dog food.
In this presentation we argue that new information and communication technologies have a fundamental impact on charity. In our case, the spon-
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Presentation Presentation
COllECTivE ACTiOn FRAMEs in A FACEBOOk COMMuniTy: A CAsE OF RussiAn snOw REvOluTiOn 2011-2013
Yulia Lukashina / University of Technology Dresden
The presentation reports results of a netnographical study, based on Facebook data. The Russian Snow Revolution appeared as a row of events after parliamentary elections in 2011. The deprivation theory served as a starting point for the study. The aim was to prove that there is a gap between expectations about democratization processes and a real situation with political rights in Russia. It was expected that a collective action frame of the Snow Revolution movement must be a result of existing deprivation, and that, therefore, the components of it – diagnostic, prognostic and motivational frame – must include statements about such failed expectations.
qualitative analysis of the public messages revealed a main collective action frame - “A fear of USSR”- that refers not only to authoritative state, but also to the ruling elites in the USSR, which brought up many current political leaders. The community is skeptical about the way the leaders are changed in the country. It compares old and new elites, and finds a small difference between them. This very fact led to the deprivation.
A community named “My byli na Bolotnoy” has 3300+ members. The
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PANEL 3
Presentation Presentation
CRACkinG ThE lOOkinG GlAss? EXPlORinG hOw nETwORkED inFORMATiOn FlOws iMPACT POliTiCAl COMMuniCATiOn in MinORiTy lAnGuAGEs in sOCiAl MEDiA Niamh Ní Bhroin / University of Oslo
Minority language communication has historically been restricted in the public sphere, including in media (Alia 2010, Cormack 2007, Guyot 2004). Where issues relating to minorities have been addressed, they have for the most part been framed as exotic or conflict-oriented (Ijäs 2012; Eide and Simonsen 2007; Skogerbø 2000).
minority languages has not been investigated. Given the broader media and political ecology in which minority language use is situated, this paper sets out to address the following research question:
Social media facilitate user-generated interaction within networked structures (boyd and Ellison 2007, Kaplan and Haenlein 2010, Wellman 2002). Studies have emphasised the role of individual agency, and queried how these media can challenge political hierarchies and frames (Jenkins 2006). Their role as a ‘Fifth Estate’, in enhancing democracy, has also been explored (cf. Dutton 2009, Dutton et al 2012). However, their impact for political communication by users of
The contributions of 10 Irish- and 10 Northern Sámi-language users to social media were recorded for a sixweek period and analysed (Sep-Dec 2011). It was found that Networked Information Flows impacted the language in which the participants communicated, resulting in less minority language communication.
• How do networked information flows impact political communication in minority languages?
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Presentation Presentation
FACElEss DissEnT - AnOnyMOus POliTiCs, PRACTiCE AnD DisCOuRsE
Pedro Jacobetty / Open University of Catalu単a
Anonymous originated in the central hub of a particular internet subculture, a forum characterized by an emotionally charged, amusementdriven sociality that is based on ephemeral and anonymous interaction, entertainment, hedonism, mutual support, information, debate, and moral brinkmanship. The communicative interaction is highly unstructured, accompanied by digital artifacts that are constantly being exchanged and reworked, often entailing the rejection of generalized notions of sacredness and appropriateness. The result is a critical semiotically reflexive global processor that operates in real-time and is in a permanent state of transformation due to its capacity to use digital technology to immediately appropriate any cultural object
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and integrate it in its own lexicons. Thus, its associated symbolic spaces, lexicons, forms of media literacy, and modus operandi developed in close connection to the growing impact of mediation in social relations. Eventually, a highly politicized branch of Anonymous emerged that became increasingly relevant to other social contexts. This research focuses on the processes through which Anonymous evolved into the political force it is today, taking them as a starting point from which to understand the contemporary relations between power, media, literacy, and culture.
PANEL 3
Presentation Presentation
ChAllEnGinG GlOBAl MEDiA REGiMEs OnlinE – POliTiCiZATiOn AnD PuBliC COnTEsTATiOn OF inTERnATiOnAl MEDiA REGulATiOn
Simon Berghofer / Freie Universität Berlin
From a historical perspective, decision making in global media and communication policy (GMCP) mainly took place behind closed doors and was seldom contested publically. This has changed recently. The transnational protests against the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) mark a central turning point: For the first time Institutions dealing with GMCP were challenged publically, first online and then on the streets. My contribution seeks analyze this institutional change within Zürns concept of politicization of international institutions and asks, what role digital communication technology plays within this process. There is evidence that politicization in the field of GMCP is strongly related to the advent of
networked digital communication technologies and mainly occurs when “netizens” perceive GMCP as a threat their communication environment. My contribution will (1) trace the historical development of GMCP institutions in order to show the quantitative and qualitative change within the last century (2) discuss this development within the politicization concept and (3) ask for specific qualitative changes of GMCP in order to provide possible explanations of its recent politicization.
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Presentation
FinAnCiAl inClusiOn OR sOCiAl EXClusiOn? TRAnsACTinG sOCiAl RElATiOns ThROuGh MOBilE MOnEy in uGAnDA Caroline Wamala / Karlstad University Jakob Svensson / Karlstad University Evelyn Kigozi-Kahiigi / Karlstad University Ali Ndiwalana / Karlstad University
The mobile phone has been touted for connecting, and providing communication opportunities in previously disconnected regions. The last five years have seen an explosion of mobile banking services across Sub-Saharan Africa. Using oral histories from mobile banking clients, collected through ethnographic methods, this research will investigate how mobile money is being used, and its impact on social relations in Uganda.
which new ones is it creating? We have encountered stories of relatives that previously had physically attended a funeral and provided their financial contribution in person, today are opting for mobile money with added apologies why they are unable to attend the occasion. To discuss this we will draw on Urry’s theory of network capital and Massey, who suggests that the production of ‘the geographical’ is deeply contingent on gender relations.
Mobile money facilitates fast transfer of money between urban and rural Uganda, where more often than not, relatives rely on their employed relations to support them financially. However, Uganda relies on physical contact to be able to build, communities, relationships and networks. Hence, as the mobile phone eliminates specific spaces and distances,
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PlEAsE visiT OuR TwiTTERwAll! ! r o o l F d Groun #DCC2013
Presentation
OnlinE shOP-winDOw: A sTuDy ABOuT hOw PEOPlE REPREsEnT ThEMsElvEs in ThE FACEBOOk FAn PAGE OF h&M Fernando Santor / Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul Naiara Back de Moraes / Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul Rafaela Heming / Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul
The contemporary virtual space features new forms of symbolic representation. If before the Internet the great analytical paradigm was focused on the division between real and symbolic world, that means, between physical and abstract levels, nowadays there is a virtual world which stays in the middle of both conceptions. While the symbolic level covered the representations of cultural manifestations, the physical level gave spatial and geographical concreteness to collective living spaces. With ascension of the virtual world, the representation and the spatiality became fluid and ephemera. The cultural configurations have never been so much in the present tense.
understanding how the digital consumption experience of fashion contributes to the development of the self narratives. As the object of study, we have selected posts of consumers related to the H&M trademark FaceBook Fan Page, which has over 15 million fans. H&M (Hennes & Mauritz) is a multinational swedish fashion company present in 50 countries, with more than 3,000 stores and a company strategy of offering good quality fashion for affordable prices. The store has a great variety of products and is divided in women, men, teens and kids collections and cosmetic.
In view of the arguments and discussions mentioned above, the research problem of this article is focused on
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Presentation
FinDinG vOiCE in FiGuRATiOns OF EvERyDAy nETwORkED EnGAGEMEnT
Kenzie Burchell / University of Manchester
The everyday communication environment is one of capacity, but capacity which itself produces constraint, of possibility but also possible overload, where the conditions for communication are in abundance but time and the ability to manage one’s day are perceived to be scarce. Amidst the tumult of social and technological change, the management of numerous overlapping communication practices in everyday life itself has become a social practice that is partially constituting the boundaries and geometry of one’s social world: a banal politics of the interpersonal.
In the context of constant networked connection and converged mobile devices, they are also being overlaid, blurred, and redrawn as communication values. Through a reinvigoration of Goffman and Elias, I look to the interconnections between varied elements of mobile and online practices, often overlooked as mundane, as a new space for individual voice and collective negotiation of both interpersonal relationships and numerous aspects of everyday life.
With the integrity of traditional work and social domains interrupted and intersected by networked practices, the values once specific to the world of work and to one’s personal life have also had their integrity challenged.
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Presentation
ThE MAkinG OF ThE DiGiTAl: FROM “sMART ThinGs” TO “sMART CiTiEs” FuTuREs
Debora Lanzeni / Open University of Cataluna
This paper refers to the processes of making digital technologies and how design everyday practices connect with the imagery of the cities and the citizenship futures in a global scale. By doing ethnographic fieldwork in creative labs and maker spaces in Barcelona we explore the making of the so called “Internet of Things“ (IoT) a concept that refers to internet embedded objects able to relate to each other, connecting Internet, people and things together. IoT is in the core of the “Smart City” project which links digital innovation with the advent of a new type of spatial and cultural organization of the cities (Campbell, 2012). Furthermore, visions of the future pervade the development of digital
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technologies (Suchman, 2012) and guide the design to different conceptions of what should be a „smart“ city. Through following the makers and the things they make (Ingold, 2010) we want to trace the logics of digital creation that are articulated in the project of “smart cities” and how these logics of doing integrate the notion of future and social change in the daily practices of imagination, creation and innovation.
PANEL 5
Presentation
FROM ThE “ClAshinG” OF MODEls TO ThE “shARinG” OF vAluEs: An APPROACh TO DiGiTAl CulTuRAl PRODuCTiOn FROM FREE CulTuRE CREATivE PRACTiCEs Elisenda Ardevol / Open University of Cataluña
This paper presents some first results of an ongoing ethnographic research into the creative processes in the field of digital media. Specifically, it seeks to explore different models of understanding cultural creation and how the tension between participatory logic and market rules is articulated in Digital Culture. For this purpose, the analysis has been focused on the narratives related to the cultural forms, creative practices and collaborative processes based on the intensive use of social networks among the ‚Free Culture‘ movement in the context of audiovisual creation in Catalonia. The local and situated study of Free Culture practices may shed some light on how the tensions and discomforts in digital culture are expressed in terms of opposition between social
and market models, between profit and common good motivations or as contradictory digital and pre-digital logics. Our working hypothesis is that the actual tensions in cultural production cannot be reduced to a clashing of “grassroots” and “market” models. Instead, we propose that it has to be understood taking into account ways of doing, motivations, moral values and hopes that the different actors put into play in and through their creative, commercial and collaborative practices.
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Presentation
sMART GRiDs: visiOns AnD PROMisEs
Lucia Vesnic Alujevic / Joint Research Centre Angela Guimaraes Pereira / Joint Research Centre Melina Breitegger / Joint Research Centre
In this paper we focus on how smart grids are framed in European policies and stakeholders’ discourses as well as what their significance for the EU citizens is claimed to be. We are interested in identifying the key policy players and exploring the explanations and justifications of stakeholders regarding the implementation of these new technologies. In order to do so, we use knowledge assessment, a systematic approach to analyzing the knowledge produced by different epistemic communities. Through the analysis of EU policy papers and interviews conducted with relevant stakeholders, we look at public narrations coming from policy sphere and promoters of smart grids. We explore the quality of information that is implied in the framings, factual or imagined argumentation, justifications, promises, motivations, appeals to the public and other narrative elements. This analysis also explains what worldviews are being
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enacted through the narratives, why the worldviews and technologies proposed are being proposed and which types of uncertainties proposed technologies are meant to resolve.
PANEL 5
Presentation
inTERnET FREEDOM? ACTivisTs sTRuGGlE AGAinsT DiGiTAl CAPiTAlisM
Veronica Barassi / Goldsmith, University of London
With the rapid changes in web technologies and the restructuring of the online political economy, one of the crucial priorities of our times has become the investigation of the way in which social movements negotiate, criticise and resist to the corporate logic of Web platforms, especially at a time when capitalism is being challenged and questioned. However, despite we have seen a plethora of research on social movements and new technologies that has emerged in the last three years (Hands, 2011, Lievrouw, 2011, Gerbaudo, 2012, Catsells, 2012, Cammaerts et al., 2012) we have little data available on how political groups - who have fought for years against the neoliberal choices of governments and international institutions - understand the Internet simultaneously as a space of capitalist control and political critique. This paper presents the data of a comparative ethnographic research
amongst three very different political groups in the UK, Spain and Italy and explores how the relationship between digital technologies and democratic processes is being critically understood and questioned by activists. In doing so, the paper demonstrates that scholars have much to gain if they turn their attention on activists’ critical web practices (De Certau, 1984; Orlikowski, 2000; Couldry, 2004; Brauchler and Postill, 2010), and investigate the way in which technological structures are internalised, and adapted to context specific political imaginations. By looking at activists critical web practices scholars can develop an approach that provides them with important keys of analysis into the complex dialectics between the political economy of the web and its lived critique.
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Presentation
BETTER MADE uP: sCiEnCE FiCTiOn, sPECulATiOn AnD ThE iMAGinARy
Caroline Bassett / University of Sussex
This paper argues that Science or Speculative Fiction (SF) is an imaginative response to the world as it is and might be. Whilst there are many motives for its creation, it can be said to have a number of effects on the world of which it is part. Research carried out explored four thematic areas. (i) The interaction between imagination and visualisation, (ii) The political issues which surround the empowering and disempowering nature of technology, (iii) The SF discourse on identity in which questions of human malleability are taken up in relation to gender, the penetration or embracing of ‘artificial’ by the ‘natural,’ and the questions surrounding human adaptation to technological change – either incremental or radical, (iv) Within SF, ‘the creative processes and techniques that science fiction writers use to
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imagine and flesh out possible futures’ are considered. Methodology included the construction of critical models, the development of forms of digital humanities analysis, and the development of a theory of influence - which questions any direct model of transmission - and that might also be used to question models of speculative design that are increasingly put forward as ways to design digital ‘futures’.
PANEL 6
Presentation
DiGiTAl COMMuniTy As DATA shARinG: sCiEnCE lAB MAnAGEMEnT APPs
Ryan Burns / University of Sussex
This paper examines how individuals and communities are configured by the digital space of science laboratory management apps. Addressing a range of Android, iOS and web-based apps including LabGuru, Quartzy and Colwiz, I examine various ways in which the concept of community is constructed in both the marketing and daily lab use of these products. These products promise to digitise and automate laboratory data recording methods so that each lab member can instantly access and instantly understand any other lab member’s results. The claim is that instant access to each other’s results will (1) minimise time ‘wasted’ sharing results with other lab members and (2) improve collaboration. In other words, they claim to improve collaboration by reducing communication. In this paper, I ask how the tension generated by these two opposing pro-
mises affects the idea of digital community. I argue that automated data collection effectively removes individuals from the digital lab community – leaving a ‘community of data’. I ask how this affects lab members’ relationships with each other and with their data.
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Presentation
PAy-TO-PuBlish in ThE DiGiTAl MEDiA EnviROnMEnT wiTh REGARD TO ACADEMiC GROuP DynAMiCs AnD PERFORMAnCE
János Tóth / Eötvös Loránd University Hungary
The emergence of open access journals led to some serious debates on the funding of OA publications. OA is a kind of access, not a kind of (new) business model and it was this specific type of access that accelerated the emergence of new „predatory” business models that exploit the author-pays system, damaging the overal reputation of OA journals and promoting unethical behaviour among scientists. The lack of awareness of the phenomenon may result in distorted perceptions of one’s real academic capital within the scholarly community, as it results in bypassing any and all external quality control and allows the fast accumulation of cultural capital relevant from the perspective
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of positions, relations and group status within the academic field. In this presentation, I will address issues of connection between these so-called „predatory publishers” and their authors and audiences, discussing three major themes: I.) how and with what results publishers try to reach members of a social group labelled as „scholars” through digital media, II.) the possible consequences of involvement to institutional and interpersonal power relations, leading to changes in group status, and III.) citation patterns, with a focus on crosscitations between articles published in predatory OA journals.
PANEL 6
Presentation
susTAininG nETwORkED knOwlEDGE PRODuCTiOn: FEMinisT MEDiA, ART AnD ACTivisM
Aristea Fotopoulou / University of Sussex Kate O’Riordan / University of Sussex
Issues of access to digital technologies and culture have been widely explored during the last years in relation to communities of exclusion. However, communities of feminist cultural and artistic production and activism often face issues in sustaining online visibility and knowledge production, beyond this initial access. The network project SusNet aims to conceptually and concretely address some of these issues of sustaining digital engagement and knowledge production for feminists. SusNet brings together disparate and fragmented forms of cultural production that lie outside of institutional support and organization, and makes those different interventions visible to one another. In this
presentation, we introduce the web platform and address the question of how digital networks could enable sustained knowledge production for non-institutionalized communities.
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Presentation
iF yOu wAnT TO knOw sOMEThinG, Ask yOuR FRiEnDs OnlinE. yOunG PEOPlE, POliTiCAl inFORMATiOn AnD sOCiAl RElATiOns OnlinE
Ulrike Wagner / JFF Institut f체r Medienp채dagogik Munich
The presentation examines the question of how youth appropriate information, focusing on online informational behavior. Based on the concept of media socialization as a complex interdependence between society, media and subject, the results of a recently finished study show how adolescents aged 12 to 19 years deal with medial information of social and political relevance. Taking into account differing conditions of development and socialization (age, gender, formal education, socio-cultural environment) the results are evaluated with regard to their significance for a selfdetermined lifestyle and social participation on the part of adolescents.
in their daily information routines and their search for political information. In the responses from the politically interested youth surveyed various approaches become evident, i.e., the separation between media-related activities in organization of the everyday routine, or the particular combination of a variety of activities for the appropriation of information.
Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate the role of social network services in particular for youth
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PANEL 7
Presentation
‚REFlEXivE MEDiATiZATiOn‘? insiGhTs inTO ThE FRiCTiOnAl inTERPlAy BETwEEn CusTOMERs AnD PROviDERs
Tilo Grenz / KIT Karlsruhe Michaela Pfadenhauer / KIT Karlsruhe
Mediatization is implicitly based on the key assumption that “digital material” is folded into fields of daily routines of action. Commercial actors are a driving – but often neglected – force behind this process: The Development of media innovations is based on their knowledge on specific fields of action and on their ideas regarding ongoing changes of cultural practices. To an increasing degree providers as well as developers understand their web-based-services as an open process in terms of permanent modifications. Applying advanced tools for user observation data tracks became a core resource for these changes. At the same time many users appropriate media technology in terms of bypassing, modifying and re-assembling. Thus, digital products also from the user’s perspective are
successively understood as open. Resulting in mutual chains of actions and follow-up reactions between provider- and appropriator-groups we propose to understand digital material as carriers of reciprocal (materialized) expressions and as a complex form of media-based interaction. We will use different empirical examples from the field of mobile-app-stores as well as from the field of online-pokerplatforms as an illustration for the underlying dynamic process.
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Presentation
livinG in MEDiATiZED wORlDs: ThE MEDiATiZATiOn OF COMMuniTiZATiOn
Andreas Hepp / University of Bremen Matthias Berg / University of Bremen Cindy Roitsch / University of Bremen
As we are living in an increasingly media-saturated world, it is not just one medium that matters, but how different kinds of media come together in articulating our lives, cultures and societies. This paper starts with the concept of “mediatization” as an approach for transmedial research on media-communicative and socio-cultural change. Theoretical reflections then become grounded in research on the mediatization of communitization, i.e. how “community building” changed across various generations: based on a qualitative research design, younger and older people are juxtaposed concerning their communicative networking taking into account a variety of different media. Our results suggest that very different
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forms of communitizations become mediatized as for example local communities or families are articulated increasingly across media. Communitization can thus be seen as a central driver of communicative networking, although the ways in which it is practiced depends, among others, on generational belonging. Furthermore, we observe an astonishing stability of what we might call “transmedial horizons of communitization“ of young people: they still live their lives as “localists“ and “multilocalists”, and only the horizons of some are “thematically focused“ or highly “pluralist“ as the discourse of new media change implies.
PANEL 7
Presentation
siTTinG TOGEThER, TAlkinG TO OThERs: COMMuniCATinG By DiGiTAl MEDiA whilE wATChinG Tv
Kathrin F. Müller / Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Ulrike Roth / Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
Traditionally, television has been the place where people met at home: Not only because of the program, but as well for communicating and for keeping up relationships with other members of the household. This situation, which is apparently foremost a private one, has always been affected by public life, which enters the home via broadcasting. Because of an increasing use of mobile devices as “second screens”, the relationship between external public spheres and the inner sphere of the household is recently getting more complex. Additionally to the public, external dialog partners like colleagues, friends or relatives are entering the living room by internet. Therefore, domestic communication cultures are changing as
well as digitally mediated interpersonal communication, which is now getting part of habitual leisure time watching television. In our presentation, we are going to talk about the interplay of watching television with partners and simultaneously communicating with external spheres via the internet. We would like to illuminate how the cultural practice of spending leisure time in the evening at home is changing because of the integration of new forms of interpersonal communication with people outside.
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Presentation
JOinT DiGiTAl sTORyTEllinG On TwiTTER – nEw MODEs OF DEliBERATiOn OnlinE
Caja Thimm / University of Bonn Mark Dang-Anh / University of Bonn Jessica Einspänner / University of Bonn
Deliberative discourses, in the Habermasian view, are organized by rules of communicative action and discourse ethics which aim at reconsidering the rationality of the argumentation. We propose a theoretical framework that adapts the Habermasian model of deliberation by applying it to the specific settings of the microblogging system Twitter that is characterised by flat communicative structures. Hereby, we focus on the five dimensions access (1), contribution (2), exclusion (3), topical assignments (4) and discourse procedures (5). The presentation will exemplify the usage of functional Twitter communication by analysing cases of reference to decisive political issues. The data set consists of about 100.000 tweets
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that have been collected during German federal state elections in 2012. Conducting a qualitative analysis of selected messages, our presentation reveals distinct discursive practices performed by the participants, of which Joint Digital Storytelling is one of the most striking techniques.
PANEL 7
Presentation
DiGiTAl TEXTs’ inFRAsTRuCTuRE READinG AnD wRiTinG PRACTiCEs AnD ThE E-BOOks TuRninG POinT
Paolo Giardullo / Universita’ di Urbino Carlo Bo Gian Paolo Lazzer / Universita’ degli Studi di Verona
Digital text fruition and production are based on two material requirements: a device able to decode the e-book file - a tablet pc for example - and a technological infrastructure that allows the circulation of the files - the Web-. Writing and reading practises are involved in what we can call a „digital turning-point“. The e-books‘ technology is rising worldwide and it is redefining users‘ relation to written texts. In addition, the number of websites offering services linked to texts‘ digitalization is increasing. Our inquiry takes into consideration in particular the web. We have used the network analysis and the virtu-
al ethnography techniques to depict the Italian web surfers‘ network. This network defines a public space where production and fruition are often melted together. Our analysis shows that the materiality of practices related to writing text is fostered in a new way enabled by the Internet. By the way, new technological devices are not in a leading position: humans‘ role is still important, indeed, it is not erased by technology but it can be re-defined and re-configured using exactly these new technological tools. The web modifies forms of production and fruition and prosumption is emerging as a practice.
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Presentation
hOw ThE inTERnET hElPs yOu TO BECOME A PRinCEss – lEARninG FOR liFE OnlinE. An EvAluATiOn OF OFFERinGs FOR lEARninG CREATED By nOn-PROFEssiOnAls Jane Fleischer / Augsburg University
This paper presents a study that analysed learning offerings created by non-professionals, asking for their ability to convey information, knowledge or competencies. We are currently living in a society fully infused by media. Mediatisation and globalization cause a need for life-long learning. Learning is a process covering not only knowledge acquisition needed for school or work related purposes. It’s rather any during process that leads to a change of behaviour, opinion or attitude. The work presented deals with the research question:
This question is answered using qualitative content analysis. Preliminary results indicate – not surprisingly –the importance of learning theory considerations, such as for example clarity of instruction, a design that motivates the learners and a focus on real life problems, in the evaluation of online learning products. However, factors like the contextual integration of the learning content, the possibility to give feedback to the producer, and its usability also seem to play an important role concerning the usefulness of a product for learning purposes.
Under which circumstances are online learning products, produced and published by non-professionals, useful for learning purposes?
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PANEL 8
Presentation
BACk TO ThE MiDDlE AGEs? DiGiTAl READinG PRACTiCEs AnD knOwlEDGE MARGinAliTy
Soledad Ayala Lic / University of Groningen
This abstract argue that current reading practices of students in higher education, at a time when paper and digital platforms coexist, has certain similarities of Middle Ages. This was one of the key findings in a fieldwork of a doctoral research in Argentina. This finding led us to develop the idea of “knowledge marginality” according three different levels: one related with the access to the sources of contents, a second connect to the literacy, and a third link to technological skills. The access and the availability to reading materials, such as books, digital books, scientific papers, different website; it is not a synonym that they are used and read.
– two public and two private –: law and engineering systems of different universities in Rosario, Argentina; was conducted. The sample included surveys to 765 students and allowed us to distinguish usage practices of each platform. The social construction of technology (SCOT) was chosen as the theoretical framework because it allows us to analyse reading practices linking social and technological aspects that exist in mutual reciprocity.
The fieldwork with students in their 2nd and 5th years of four Faculties
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Presentation
MEMORiAls unliMiTED - QR-CODEs On GRAvEsTOnEs As A TRAnsFORMATiOn OF sPACE
Stine Gotved / IT University, Copenhagen Klaus Bjerager / IT University, Copenhagen
The cemetery is traditionally perceived as the final resting place for the dead and a place to contemplate for the living. This space is presently undergoing a transformation due to a broader cultural shift towards extensive self-performance and networked technologies. In 2012, it became possible (in a European context) to get QR-codes embedded in gravestones, thus enhancing – through remediation – the possibilities of accessing information about the deceased.
conventional idea about what a cemetery is and make it a different kind of information space in the future. The use of QR-codes on gravestones is a prime example of the ongoing renegotiation between sacred place and virtual space, and thus is a prism to digitally enhanced cultural change while it happens.
The remediation changes the character of the cemeteries from secluded, mute, and exclusively physical spaces to virtual, dynamic, and augmented spaces. With a swipe or a gesture on a smartphone or a tablet, the QR-codes reveal the uploaded information about the deceased, i.e. photos, obituaries, letters of grief or highlights of triumph. Integration of digitized data on gravestones challenge the
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PANEL 8
Presentation
MiCROBlOGGinG As A PERsOnAl vOiCE AnD An iDEnTiTy TOOl in ThE COMMuniTy OF BAllET sTuDEnTs
Daria Dayter / University of Bayreuth
The present paper describes a linguistic study of microblogging among ballet students and amateur dancers. Results demonstrate how a mobile device becomes an important tool through which students perform two community-related tasks: they construct an occupational identity by claiming ballet values, but also discursively resist assimilation.
claiming ballet-specific assessables: skill in ballet exercises, performing ballet in public, going to a prestigious dance school, attending shows by professional companies, pointe shoes and ballet apparel, and consequences of hard work such as bloody feet. Along with belonging, resistance is done discursively by tweeting problems that cannot be handled verbally in class.
Tweeting in the ‚mute‘ environment of class provides an outlet for selfdisclosure through personal narratives and relational talk. Two distinct interpretative repertoires have emerged in the microblogging speech: the ‚member of society‘ repertoire and the ‚ego‘ repertoire. While the former consists of speech acts that endorse hearer‘s face, e.g. thanks, praise and appeals, the latter involves use of selfpraise and indirect complaints. ‚Ego‘ repertoire constructs an image of a developed community member by
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Conference Venue
Main Station
Restaurant Roses
Restaurant ENTE
Alte Sternwarte
Conference Venue – Alte Sternwarte Poppelsdorfer Allee 47, 53115 Bonn From the main station Bonn You can reach the Alte Sternwarte by foot in approximately five minutes. Please follow the blue route on the map above. From the Airport (Cologne, CGN) There is a direct bus connection (Linie SB 60) from the airport to the main station in Bonn. The bus departs every 20 or 30 minutes and lasts about 27 minutes (For more information including a timetable please visit: http://en.swbbusundbahn.de/service/airport-express-sb60. By car If you would like to go there by car, you will find about fifteen parking spots right in front of the building of the Alte Sternwarte.
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Notes