Being a Citizen Issue by Friends Without Borders Foundation

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Editorial Team Pim Koetsawang Supattra Choklarp Wantanee Maneedang Translator S. Kanchana Kanokchan Pattanapichai Pornsuk Koetsawang English Editors Sabrina Gyovary Venessa Lamb Contributors Sing Suwannakij Natchanon Naepawtae Kontawan Pewthong Wasu Sriyapai and other friends Art Editor Wantanee Maneedang Member and Distribution Supattra Choklarp Printer Wanida Press

Hello to you again! The first update here is about our magazine members' gathering on World Refugee Day, June 20th in Chiang Mai. It was the first time we met, talked and watched a movie together. We'd like to thank all of you who came to give us encouragement. We will try to find a chance to organize such an activity again. Secondly, we'd like to thank our friends from Bangkok who bought 350 'The Rights of the Children' books for schools in a refugee camp. Those who are interested in donating books can ask for more information here. Last but not least, we are still looking for magazine distribution volunteers. For more information, please contact 053-336298 or e-mail: borders@chmai2.loxinfo.co.th. See you in September, Bye for now.

¹ÔµÂÊÒÃà¾×Íè ¹äÃ ¾ÃÁá´¹à» ¹¹ÔµÂÊÒÃÃÒÂÊÍ§à´×Í¹ · Ò¹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ËÂÔºÍ Ò¹ä´ ¨Ò¡Ã Ò¹¡Òá¿ Ã Ò¹ÍÒËÒÃ Ë Í§ÊÁØ´Ê¶Ò¹ÈÖ¡ÉÒ áÅÐÊ¶Ò¹»ÃÐ¡Íº¡ÒÃ·ÕèÃÑºË¹Ñ§Ê×Í¨Ò¡´Ñª à«ÍÃ à¤ÔÅ ÊÓËÃÑºã¹àªÕÂ§ãËÁ · Ò¹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ËÒËÂÔºµÔ´Á×Í¡ÅÑºº Ò¹ä´ ¨Ò¡ Ã Ò¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Íá«§á«ÇáÅÐÃ Ò¹¹éÓªÒËÃ×Í Teashop (Ë¹ ÒÁ.ª.), Ã Ò¹¡Òá¿ Mo C' Mo L (¶.Ë ÇÂá¡ Ç), Ã Ò¹àÅ Ò áÅÐÊÇ¹¹Á (¡Ò´àªÔ§´ÍÂ), Ã Ò¹¡Òá¿ ÇÒÇÕ Ã Ò¹áÎ»» Î ·Ñ áÅÐÃ Ò¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Íâ¤Ã§¡ÒÃ·ÍÅÅ ·¤Õ ¾ÅÒ« Ò (¶.¹ÔÁÁÒ¹àËÁÔ¹·Ã ), Ã Ò¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í´Í¡Ë Ò Ã Ò¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í¹ÒÂÍÔ¹·Ã Ã Ò¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í«ÕàÍç´º ¤Ø Ã Ò¹¡Òá¿áºÅç¤á¤¹Â Í¹ Ã Ò¹ªÔ¤ ¤Òà¿ áÅÐÃ Ò¹áÁ§» Í§ (áÍÃ ¾ÍÃ ·¾ÅÒ« Ò), áÅÐÃ Ò¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í´Ç§¡ÁÅ à¾×èÍ¹äÃ ¾ÃÁá´¹à» ¹Í§¤ ¡ÃàÍ¡ª¹ä·Â·Õè¡ ÍµÑé§àÁ×èÍ» 2542 ·Õè·Ó§Ò¹Ê §àÊÃÔÁ¤ÇÒÁà¢ Òã¨ã¹ÊÔ·¸ÔÁ¹ØÉÂª¹äÃ ¾ÃÁá´¹ áÅÐà¤Ã×Í¢ ÒÂÀÒ¤»ÃÐªÒª¹ÃÐËÇ Ò§»ÃÐªÒª¹ä·ÂáÅÐ¼ Ù¾ÅÑ´¶Ôè¹¨Ò¡»ÃÐà·È¾Á Ò §Ò¹¢Í§àÃÒÁ Ø§¾Ñ²¹Òã¹ÃÐÂÐÂÒÇ ÍÂ Ò§ÂÑ§è Â×¹ ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁËÅÑ¡ä´ á¡ §Ò¹Ê×Íè ·Ò§àÅ×Í¡»ÃÐàÀ·µ Ò§ æ, â¤Ã§¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÊÔ·¸ÔÁ¹ØÉÂª¹ áÅÐÊ §àÊÃÔÁà¤Ã×Í¢ ÒÂ »ÃÐªÒª¹¼ Ò¹·Ò§àÇ·ÕàÃÕÂ¹Ã áÙ ÅÐáÅ¡à»ÅÕÂè ¹, §Ò¹Ê §àÊÃÔÁÈÑ¡ÂÀÒ¾áÅÐ¡ÒÃãË ¤Ó»ÃÖ¡ÉÒà¡ÕÂè Ç¡Ñº¡ÒÃ¼ÅÔµÊ×Íè ¡ÑºÍ§¤ ¡Ã ªØÁª¹ ËÒ¡· Ò¹µ Í§¡ÒÃµÕ¾ÁÔ ¾ ËÃ×ÍÍ Ò§ÍÔ§¢ Íà¢ÕÂ¹ º·¤ÇÒÁ áÅÐÀÒ¾¨Ò¡¹ÔµÂÊÒÃà¾×Íè »ÃÐâÂª¹ µÍ ÊÑ§¤Á ¡ÃØ³ÒÊ×Íè ÊÒÃãË àÃÒ ·ÃÒºÅ Ç§Ë¹ Ò ÊÓËÃÑºÀÒ¾¨Ò¡áËÅ §Í×è¹·Õèãª ã¹¹ÔµÂÊÒÃ¹Õé ¡ÃØ³ÒµÔ´µ Íâ´ÂµÃ§·Õèà¨ Ò¢Í§ÀÒ¾ Friends Without Borders is a Thai NGO, established in 1999 to promote all human rights for all and the Thai-Burma people's network. With a small team and big groups of friends, the work started from a small scale, with a hope to expand to wider and more diverse groups of people in Thai society. Our main activities are alternative media, human rights education and peoples' network promotion via workshop training and exchange forums, and capacity building and consultancy for community-based organizations. à¾×Íè ¹äÃ ¾ÃÁá´¹ µ Ù »³. 180 ä»ÃÉ³ÕÂÁ ËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂàªÕÂ§ãËÁ Í.àÁ×Í§ ¨.àªÕÂ§ãËÁ 50202 â·Ã./á¿¡« 053-336298 E-mail: borders@chmai2.loxinfo.co.th We are happy to receive comment, suggestions, and articles from all of you. Please contact, FRIENDS WITHOUT BORDERS P.O. Box 180, Chiangmai University P.O., Chiang Mai 50202 Thailand Phone & Fax: 053-336298 E-mail: borders@chmai2.loxinfo.co.th

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ÀÒÂâ´Â Images Asia There is an old Chinese restaurant in Chiang Mai, which, looking from the road, seems to be an ordinary, small place. But walking inside, I was surprised to see such a big luxurious hall, with a large parking lot in the back filled with cars. Ah-Ma, an old woman in her mid-70s, told me that the restaurant has a 50 year history. In the beginning, it was only a mobile type of food stall in a market, operated by only her and her husband. They met here in Thailand, a few years after Ah-Ma arrived from China. It was the time when General Phibulsongkram was Thailand's prime minister and she was in her teens. The famous story about the Chinese migrants who arrived in Thailand with only a mat and a pillow doesn't apply to her, as she came with nothing apart from the clothes she was wearing then. China was suffering from war and political conflicts; her move here was so that her family would have one less mouth to feed. "No one would have come if they didn't suffer so much," said Ah-Ma. Now she has obtained Thai nationality and her children and grandchildren are also 'Thai'. Ah-Ma's motivation to migrate to Thailand is not much different from those of the migrant workers from the neighboring countries these days. Yet, with different political climates, Ah-Ma was given a chance to settle and live a secure life. Her Chinese identity is also not different from that of ethnic nationalities in the north that try to maintain their cultural identity. But political, economic and social factors have allowed Ah-Ma to become a Thai citizen, while a big number of the ethnic persons are denied such rights and are constantly seen as 'the others'. Her citizenship granting may be a bit different from many of us whom hold Thai citizenship since birth, but Ah-Ma truly sees herself belonging here. Thailand is her home, though not her birthplace. The sense of being a citizen of a country cannot be interpreted, valued, or directed by a legal right. Nowadays, citizenship or the citizen's rights are still a dream that a number of people have to struggle for, while many who were born with such rights are not aware of the value and let things be according to the minds and decisions of those (who think they are) powerful. Friends Without Borders 'Being Citizens' issue will be released during the time of a stuffy-hot political climate, the time when Thai citizens in the three southernmost provinces are suffering a similar plight to our neighbors who are living in protracted armed-conflicts, and a time when discrimination against Thai citizens of other ethnicities and the denial of citizenship of those who were considered 'not Thai' is still ongoing. The fact that one lives without protection of any state is not an individual problem, but instability of the world. The fact that a large number of citizens take their rights to express and participate in decision makings so lightly that discriminations and abuses are spread equally stems from such instability. In these vulnerable and confusing days in Thailand, we still believe, however, that if all of us are strong enough to keep balance between the sense of being a citizen 'of a country', and the sense that the country 'belongs to us'; to keep the balance between those who feel powerless, or conversely - those who are so entrenched in the power of a country that really has no way of belonging to any one person; if we keep this balance, we will be woken up from such nightmares. With faith in human dignity, Pim Koetsawang

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The Vow The world is a grand theatre. Each person has his own little corner on which to stand. But some players have roles that no one sees. They exist yet are not seen. They have voices yet are not heard. They have lives that no one wants to be aware of. In this same theatre under the same sky, they are shoved out of the audience's view, outcasts behind invisible walls. In the summer there was heat and smoke. All around were forest fires and desolate fields. Now summer has passed, and the rainy season has arrived. The dry earth is starting to gather moisture. The grass is starting to turn green. Trees put out young leaves. Karen farmers start to sow rice. Each has a role and a place in this theatre. I ride my trustworthy motorbike along the border to a small village where I am a frequent visitor. The Burmese and Karen migrants are making their way home before sunset. Their tattered clothes cling to skin that is weathered by the sun and rain. I can't help wondering whether anyone can see that they exist here in this little corner. On this road I often stop to see Pathee (uncle) De. Superficially, he looks no different from other Karen in the village. But I know that he has traveled a much different road. Almost 20 years ago Pathee lost his wife to the brutality of war in Karen State and had to flee to Thailand with his three children. He told me, "Life in the refugee camp was empty. There was nothing to do. I was used to standing on my own, feeding myself and my family, so I decided to go to look for work outside the camp. I herded cows, harvested corn, working odd jobs in the Thai-Karen fields and farms to make ends meet day by day, until I met Muga (Auntie)here. Two people falling in love and deciding to be together should not have been such a problem. Pathee and Muga's story is not an unusual one in border communities. But as time passed, the words "documented" and "undocumented" were repeatedly stressed. Muga knew that when she agreed to marry Pathee De, all kinds of trouble would follow. But eventually she decided to spend her life and face all problems together with him, and she has been doing just that for over seven years. If you ask her she will tell you she has four children. Actually, she and Pathee have only one child together. The rest are his and are "undocumented". They go to Thai schools, speak and write fluent Thai, but are not recognized as Thai citizens and do not exist within the state's system. Today Pathee still lives as an invisible player in this theatre. He exists quietly, hidden from sight. He is scared to travel for fear for being seen by the police. "I go only through the woods. I don't dare to walk on the main roads. Yes, this is the life I live. There is no other choice." Pathee is of course undocumented, and certainly does not exist in the eyes of many. Yet he contributes to his community and to society daily. Ever since losing his farmland in Karen state and becoming a refugee in Thailand,

he has only been able to find second-rate jobs. Pathee told me that in this world there is no job too inferior for him. Inferior jobs belong to those who deem themselves worthless. There are no jobs too dirty, as dirty jobs belong to those with tainted hearts. "Even if I don't have an ID card, I have my pride. I work on being a good man, and take care of my family with a pure spirit. Jobs that others see as inferior I take, and I maintain my self respect. Muga told me that all of her hope for her children rests on their teachers and school. She hopes that some day the teachers may find a way to help them. Here are two people sharing their lives as one, yet facing hard times since one is a Thai citizen and one is stateless. The marriage vows of their journey "till death do us part" are still strong and lift the spirits of both Pathee and Muga even to this day. In a world of wars and hatred, love can sprout but is then immediately banned. Citizenship, states, and national boundaries all attempt to divide them, yet the little people find a place on which to stand, even if they remain invisible to others. It's like something I once heard. I am standing here looking across the Moei River. I see mountains and the flowing river. I see people moving about. I see how love travels. But I really can't see a borderline.

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Among our neighboring countries, the sweetest one for foreign investors, with the most exciting economic growth opportunities is, of course, "Vietnam". I find this ironic and almost incredible. For over 100 years, Vietnam was a French colony and suffered from the war with Japan and the US. Then after the Communist Party of Vietnam led its people's fight for liberty and independence and finally won in 1975, the country was closely watched with distrust by Thailand and despised by Thailand's big friend- the US. Today, things have completely changed. Vietnam has suddenly become popular. The Vietnamese Government was very confident in setting the ambitious target of attracting US $11 billion in foreign investment per annum over the next three years. In 2006, Vietnam's GDP was 7.6%. Such rapid economic growth is a result of the country's economic and social reform under the Doi Moi policy adopted in 1986, and its preparations to jump into the global market since it became a member of the World Trade Organization earlier this year. I am amazed to see that the political conflict with the US 30 years ago -the time when the US used a lot more bombs than it did in World War II to destroy Vietnam- has completely vanished. American investors are now marching into Vietnam, similar to those from other countries. Anyway, everything happens for a reason. Another charm of Vietnam to foreign investors is its huge population of 84 million, with 45 million or about 53% at the working age, and its 90% literacy rate. These are the significant economic drivers that its government believes are the country's strong competitive advantages. But more importantly, I believe that the Vietnamese authoritarian political system of only one ruling party is the real attraction to investors who need "confidence!" A few months ago, seven opponents were sentenced for allegedly acting against the party and the government by calling for a multi-party political system and encouraging people not to cast their votes under the one-party system. Looking at the other side of the economic view, I heard the news that on April 10, 2007, Ho Chi Minh City police reported the arrest of a criminal gang that trafficked Vietnamese women for South Korean men. One hundred and eighteen virgin girls, mostly from rural areas, were rescued from the traffickers' hands. Another report highlighted a trend in which Vietnamese women, especially from the South, go seek massage work in Hanoi. But most of them, being forced by economic exploitation, ended up being sex workers instead. (Manager Online, 19/01/07) These are some small examples of an economic picture that is not as beautiful as the figures would lead us to believe. The Vietnamese people have been through a protracted and tough struggle. For me, they are some of the most active citizens in the world. But now, I'm not quite sure whether this handsome economic growth will equally benefit those who fought for the country's independence, according to their "socialist" political philosophy. In the world of capitalism, population means economic capital. The transnational capitalists usually keep a distance from environmental or social impacts, leaving them in the hands of third world countries to manage. Throughout history, when there has been a threat, the Vietnamese have joined forces to fight bravely and with wisdom. Ancient weapons such as wooden spears conquered powerful invaders. I hope that, with their spirit of revolution, our Vietnamese friends will be able to survive the new type of colonialism and win a new kind of war -one without troops or soldiers, but an army of money that can pierce through the back door of each kitchen. I hope that you, Vietnam, will be able to achieve your dreams!

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Stories told by the displaced Thai elders Part II From last chapter; The displaced Thais from Burma have told stories about their Thai status since the old days. The story goes that before the border demarcation, Siamese authorities performed a survey of Thai citizens around Kraburi River to plan where the border should lie. Unfortunately, the officers left after only the work on the east bank was done, even though there were Thai people living on both banks since ancient times. Today, a good number of Thais remain on their old lands in Burma. Some stayed due to their attachment to their ancestor's lands. Others stayed because of the belief of a story, throughout history, that borders tended to change and one day these estranged lands would melt back into one Siam, the way it used to be. After Wa (Uncle) Seh arrived at the Thai border in Ranong, he went directly to the village headman to notify him of his move and exchanged the 10,000 kyats that the Burmese soldiers tossed his way for 260 baht. The meager amount could hardly measure up to what his parents' land had meant to him. So, Wa Seh donated all the money to the Hin Chang Mosque and started his life over. He found a rental house that had just enough to provide for a roof to cover his head, 300 baht a month, and started to go out on fishing boats again. One day a house went up for sale nearby so he decided to start buying the house in installments. When he was almost done with the payments, a letter from the land department came notifying him of the rental fees for the land. That was when Wa Seh understood that he would not be able to own properties when he was not recognized as a Thai citizen, not even when his last name was one of the oldest names in Ranong. Uncle Roen did it all, odd jobs, construction jobs, harvesting rubber plants, hauling vegetables to the market. Although the work was hard and he had to live in a small rental room, Uncle Roen felt good that he was living in Thailand. One day he left his room to do vegetable hauling as usual. It was the first day he realized how Thai people could harbor such hatred for the people from Burma. His wife was brutally attacked and nearly died. "She's not Thai. Won't be a problem if she's dead!" That voice still echoed in Aunt Kim's head. She vaguely felt the chaos and couldn't defend herself. Her daughter who came to her aid could not stop such malice either. Fortunately, some neighbors could not stand watching and interfered, or else she would have been left for dead like a stray dog.

Uncle Roen could painfully recall the incident. For over the past ten years since he had abandoned his big farm from Bopyin district and moved here, he only wanted to work honest jobs to support his family as much as somebody without a citizenship card could. He had never caused anybody any trouble and could not understand why his family was considered an object of such loathing. A good number of displaced Thais are still living without any legal status and are not accepted as citizens of any country. Properties including lands and homes have to be purchased through a citizen with a legal identity. Often they would be checked for ID cards, which they do not own, and then be arrested for being illegal immigrants. If they cannot produce a large 3 or 4 thousand baht bribe, they would then be jailed and deported. In 1997 the government decided to allow 7,849 displaced Thais to apply for citizenship. This was a very limited number considering that by the middle of the year 2002, a displaced Thai group did their own survey in Ranong and Chumporn and identified 4,740 more stateless Thais. This did not include numbers from Prachuab Khirikan which was estimated to be over 1000 stateless families and Pang-Nga and Tak from which the numbers were unknown. These displaced Thais who have undergone a survey can recall being given a "card" which was a piece of A4 size flimsy paper with a photograph with their names stating that they had no status in any formal registry. This piece of paper cost them anywhere from 200 to 1200 baht, and no one knew to where this money was designated. This paper is only a temporary permit allowing the holder to stay in the district. The holder is not allowed to travel, is not eligible for health insurance, and cannot apply for employment; basically, they maintain the same status as the stateless ethnic minorities and migrant workers. Those that want to be able to work legally would need to register for a work permit as migrant workers, accepting themselves as Burmese citizens, which they and the Burmese government, do no consider to be correct. "When I had my first child they put in the birth certificate that the mother was Burmese citizen. Then, for my second child they put 'other nationality'." "I had to let them put me down as Burmese, otherwise the baby couldn't get a birth certificate. I also had to let my other child be registered as another person's child. If he is legally mine, he won't get the ID card, and would have no chance for a higher education." These are tactics that displaced Thai mothers have to succumb to in order for their children to gain basic rights similarly to those of Thai citizens, and actually the same as those basic rights belonging to all human beings. "Might as well burn it," Wa Seh said of the use of the ID card. Often it yields no security even in their own district, since the police claims that anyone can make a fraud card. Soon enough, the card really became meaningless when a scam was developed by con men dressed in uniforms coming around announcing a fee of 2,500 baht for an ID card. The stateless Thais fell for the official-looking government uniforms. Even the photo studios in Ranong unknowingly were making a profit from the scam since people had to be photographed in business suits.

"Ten to twenty thousand baht would buy a real ID card, I know. But I don't want to because it's not right. It's not honest. I am ethnically Thai and I want to know if Iﾂ値l be entitled to Thai citizenship." Legally, Wa Seh, Uncle Roen, Wa Den and several others here carry 'other nationality' status awaiting conversion to Thai citizenship. But a good number of Thai people despise them, calling them hurtful names, branding them as those without a country, without loyalty to any land. "We might enter the country illegally, but we have lived here honestly. Our roots are here. Our families are here. Only we were born on the land that the Thais had lost to the Burmese back then. Why such a condescending attitude?" No one could have known that the borderline on the map would have such impact on their own, their children's and even their grandchildren's lives. Simply put, an ID card should not bestow one with respect but in this case turns out that this piece of paper can allow one to hold their head up, give one basic rights to live, be employed, go to school, receive healthcare, own property, travel, and make their voice heard. "We are not recognized as Thai citizens, but last year we joined in the demonstration with hundreds or thousands of others Thais. They had the ID cards and demanded their rights. We didn't have the cards but we also want a democratic country." Wa Den began beating his traditional shallow drum. It was answered by traditional gongs and cymbals from the displaced Thai villagers. Aunt Bee-ah who played the leading role in the musical folk play led the chorus. Over ten lives in this 'Rong Ngang' band or a 'wild likay' sang of legends passed on from generations. The displaced Thais in Ranong and nearby counties gathered to run their own survey. They traced their ancestors as far back as possible then down to all the extended families. The group planned to transform these stories into folk songs to share the legends of their forefathers for the world to hear and understand. Uncle Roen thought that perhaps tomorrow he would go and inquire about his wife's case. He had heard that the case already went to court without the injured party's knowledge. He did not know if the verdict was already decided or if there would be anything else he could do as it had been quite a while by now. Somehow Uncle Roen felt that there had to be some type of favorable judgment in his little world, and someday this judgment would reach his children's generation. This morning, 63 year-old Wa Seh heads out on his fishing boat. He still takes his fish to the market and earns just enough for food, household expenses, and some small luxuries. Wa Seh eats lunch at the tiny noodle shop looking out to sea. There are little kids playing on the beach while further out their families are working on the fishing boats. Soon there would come the day, when his people's fight for citizenship rights reaches its goal, and the next generation will no longer be displaced people with misplaced opportunities in life, like his generation.

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Some Things are Greater than Football "Some things are greater than football;" the protection of one's dignity and pride of one's ethnicity are such things. This afternoon, my nephews turned my bed into a small football field. They pretended to be the two soccer heroes - Zenadine Zidane and David Beckham. It all began with lots of fun and sadly ended with a quarrel, and a red card for Zidane. This reminded me of the latest red card given to Zenadine Zidane, the former captain of the French soccer team. In the World Cup last year, Zidane hit his head against the chest of Marco Materazzi, an Italian player, who gave him some kind of curse, which was said to be a racial insult. Zidane's mother told British reporters that the family was very sorry that her son ended his soccer profession with a red card. However, as a mother, she believed Zidane was right to protect something even greater than the sport; that is the dignity of being Algerian. This Muslim woman who migrated from the former French colony, Algeria, to France 50 years ago, might not pay much attention to patriotism. It is greater than that. It's an attempt to protect one's dignity as a human being. Regardless of race and nationality, a person should be treated equally with respect. Zizu or Zidane was born in a poor migrant family and grew up in a small flat in the state's ghetto. His outstanding football talent finally paved his way through discrimination; he stepped upfrom the status of second class citizen to that of "sports hero", under the spotlight of the French nationalism, to play on the French national football team where racial discrimination seems to be temporarily hidden. Zidane, a French citizen of Algerian Muslim origin, may be able to upgrade his social status, but his identity as a "migrant's kid" is not at all forgotten. In a positive way, Zidane is a hero and an idol who inspires a lot of young migrants in France. On the other hand, he was pressured and became a target in the match between France against Algeria where race and citizenship played a role on the field. My nephews' game and quarrel were over. I thought about the violent protest by the second generation of multi-ethnic migrants in France last year. It was a result of a long period of social discrimination that has made citizenship almost meaningless. Zidane once said his father taught him that an immigrant must work twice as hard as anybody else, and this might also be true for the second generation of migrants in many other countries. Despite being recognized as citizens, the citizen's right to be equally protected by the tenets of basic rights in that country remains something to struggle for. It appears that a social class which is created by racial and religious discrimination still remains. Read more at Zinedine Sidane Quotes, www.brainyquote.com; "Zidane's Final Match and the World Cup's Waste" at www.prachatai.com; "Zinedine Zaid Zidane" at www.soccersuck.com.

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¤ÇÒÁàºÒËÇÔÇÍÑ¹àËÅ×Í·¹¢Í§ªÕÇµÔ (¾ÅàÁ×Í§) "ã¹¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·ÓÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ·Ã§¨Ó..." ã¤Ã¤¹Ë¹Ö§è àÍ Â¢Ö¹é á¡ ¢Ò ¾à¨ Òã¹ÇÑ¹·Õ¡è Í ¹àÁ¦à¤Å×Íè ¹·Õàè ÃçÇ "·Ø¡¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·Ó¢Í§àÃÒ áÁ à¾ÕÂ§àÅç¡¹ ÍÂ Å Ç¹ÁÕ»ÃÐÇÑµÈÔ ÒÊµÃ " ¢ Ò¾à¨ Òà§ÂË¹ Ò¢Ö¹é ÁÍ§· Í§¶¹¹ ÀÒ¾Ã¶Â¹µ Ç§Ôè àÃÕÂ§µÑÇÅ§à¹Ô¹¡Ñ¹ÁÒà» ¹ÀÒ¾·Õ¤è ¹ Ø µÒ ·Ç ÒÇÑ¹¹Õ¢é Ò ¾à¨ ÒÃ ÊÙ ¡Ö »ÃÐËÅÒ´ã¨àÁ×Íè ¤Ô´Ç Ò ËÒ¡Ã¶áµ ÅÐ¤Ñ¹Å Ç¹ÁÕ·ÕèÁÒáÅÐ·Õèä» ÀÒ¾·ÕèàËç¹¢³Ð¹Õé¡çËÁÒÂ¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁáµ¡µ Ò§ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ¢Í§ àÊ ¹·Ò§ªÕÇµÔ ·Õ´è Óà¹Ô¹ÁÒ áÅÐ¨Ð´Óà¹Ô¹ä» ¢ Ò¾à¨ ÒµÑÇÊÑ¹è ´ ÇÂ¤ÇÒÁ¡ÅÑÇµ Í¤ÇÒÁÃ ÁØ ÃÇÂ¢Í§ªÕÇµÔ ¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´ ¤ÇÒÁÃ ÊÙ ¡Ö ¨Ô¹µ¹Ò¡ÒÃ¢Í§¤¹¢ÑºÃ¶áµ ÅÐ¤¹ ·Õáè Á ¡ÃÐ·Ñ§è ã¹µÑÇºØ¤¤Å¤¹à´ÕÂÇ¡ç¤ÍÂ¨Ð The unbearable lightness of being (a citizen) à»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§à» ¹Í×è¹µ Íä»ÍÕ¡àÊÁÍ ¢ Ò¾à¨ Òá·ºäÁ ¡Å ÒÁÍ§áÁ áµ ¡ÍË ÒËÃ×Í´Í¡äÁ ¢ Ò§·Ò§ "In every action, there are memories," someone said to me on à¾ÃÒÐ¡ÅÑÇÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´¢Í§ªÕÇÔµáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ§ÒÁÍÑ¹Ã ØÁÃÇÂ¨Ð· ÇÁ·Ñº¢ Ò¾à¨ Ò¨¹ËÒÂã¨äÁ ÍÍ¡ the day that the clouds were moving fast, "our actions, even tiny ones, their own history." I looked up at the road and saw a familiar à´Ô¹µ Íä»ÍÕ¡ ÁÕÃ¶à¢ç¹ÊÓËÃÑºà´ç¡¨Í´ÍÂ ¢Ù Ò §·Ò§ ¢ Ò¾à¨ ÒÃ ÊÙ ¡Ö »ÃÐËÅÒ´ã¨à¾ÃÒÐºÃÔàÇ³ have image of cars running down the hill. But today I felt surprised when I ¹ÕÁé áÕ µ ¡ÍË ÒÃ¡à· Ò¹Ñ¹é àÁ×Íè à´Ô¹ã¡Å à¢ Òä» ¢ Ò¾à¨ Ò¡ç¾ºÇ ÒµÑÇàÍ§à¢ Òã¨¼Ô´à¾ÃÒÐÁÑ¹à» ¹Ã¶ÊÓËÃÑº imagined that if in each car there is history and future, what I was now looking at must be a diversity of lives which have become and will be. I ¾ÂØ§µÑÇ¢Í§¤¹á¡ áÅÐàÁ×Íè àËç¹¤Ø³ÂÒÂËÅÑ§§Í¤¹Ë¹Ö§è ¡ÓÅÑ§¢Ø´´Ô¹¶Ò§Ë ÒÍÂ Ù ¨Ö§Ã µÙ ÇÑ Ç ÒµÑÇàÍ§ shook with awe of the richness of lives, thoughts, feelings, emotions, à¢ Òã¨¼Ô´«éÓÊÍ§·Õàè ¤Â¤Ô´ÁÒµÅÍ´Ç Ò¢ Ò§·Ò§·Õàè ´Ô¹¼ Ò¹ÍÂ àÙ » ¹»ÃÐ¨Ó¹Õ¤é Í× ·ÕÃè ¡Ã Ò§Ç Ò§à»Å Ò ¨ÃÔ§ æ and imaginations of each of the drivers, which will be constantly changing. Walking a little bit further, there was a baby carrier, which surprised áÅ ÇÁÑ¹¤×ÍÊÇ¹¼Ñ¡àÅç¡ æ ¢Í§¤Ø³ÂÒÂÍÒÂØäÁ µèÓÇ Ò 80 » ·ÕèÁÕÃ Í§á»Å§áÅÐÃ Í§ÃÍÂ¢Í§Í´ÕµäÁ me because I knew that this area was overgrown, vacant land. But when we walked closer, I realized that I had mistaken an elderly person's ¹ ÍÂä»¡Ç Òà¨ Ò¢Í§ walker for the supposed baby carrier. Then, beyond the overgrown "...àÃ×Íè §¹Ñ¹é ÁÑ¹àÃÔÁè ÁÒµÑ§é ¹Ò¹ËÅÒÂÊÔº» " ã¤Ã¤¹¹Ñ¹é ¡Å ÒÇµ Í "áµ à» ¹ËÅÑ¡à» ¹°Ò¹ªÕ¼é ´Ô ä´ grass, crouching on the vacant land was an old, hunched-back lady in 80s - digging and clearing her small garden. The garden was full of ¡çµ§Ñé áµ à´×Í¹àÁÉÒ » 39 ·Õ¼è Ç Ù Ò Ï âÍ¡Ô¹ÒÇÒµÍ¹¹Ñ¹é »¯ÔàÊ¸äÁ ãË Ã°Ñ ºÒÅ¡ÅÒ§µ ÍÊÑÒ¡Ñº°Ò¹·Ñ¾ her vegetable rows and traces of the past; having a past no less than its ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ñ¹·Õèãª ·Õè´Ô¹¢Í§¤Ø³âªÍÔ¨Ô ¨ÔºÒ¹Ð «Öè§¡ç·ÓãË ÃÑ°ºÒÅÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´ã¹¡ÒÃãª ·Õè´Ô¹¢Í§¾ÅàÁ×Í§ owner. "It started many decades ago," the voice went on, "but it was an à» ¹àÇÅÒË¹Ö§è » " ¢ Ò¾à¨ Òà¤Âä»àÂÕÂè Á·Õ´è ¹Ô ¼×¹¹Ñ¹é ·Õµè §Ñé ÍÂ ªÙ ´Ô µÔ´¡Ñº '¡Ã§ª Ò§' ÍÑ¹à» ¹ª×Íè àÅ ¹·Õªè ÒÇ obvious illegal use of land by the government when the former Okinawa º Ò¹áÅÐÊ×Íè µÑ§é ãË ¡ºÑ àÊÒÍÒ¡ÒÈ 30 àÊÒ ÊÙ§ 28 àÁµÃ áÅÐàª×Íè Áµ Í¡Ñ¹à» ¹Ç§ÃÕ ·Õ¡è Í§·Ñ¾ÊËÃÑ°Ï Governor refused to renew the expropriation order for Mr. Shoichi Chibana's land on the central government's behalf, resulting in the ãª ´¡Ñ ¿ §¡ÒÃÊ×Íè ÊÒÃ¢Í§à¤Ã×Íè §ºÔ¹áÅÐàÃ×ÍºÃÔàÇ³ã¡Å à¤ÕÂ§ ÃÑ°ºÒÅµ Í§à» ´·Ò§à¢ Ò¾ÔàÈÉáÅÐÅ ÍÁ state's illegal use of the land for one year." I used to visit that land right next to the 'Elephant Cage'; a ÃÑéÇãË ¡Ñº·Õè´Ô¹¢Í§¤Ø³âªÍÔ¨Ô "ã¹·ÕèÊØ´àÃÒ¡çÃ Ù¼Å¡Ñ¹àÊÕÂ·Õ" ¤Ø³âªÍÔ¨Ô¡Å ÒÇ ¼Å·ÕèÇ Ò¹Ñé¹¡ç¤×Í¡ÒÃàÃÔèÁ nickname that villagers and the media gave to the 30 antenna towers, Ã×éÍ¶Í¹'¡Ã§ª Ò§' à¾×èÍ¤×¹ãË ¡Ñºà¨ Ò¢Í§·Õè´Ô¹ã¹à´×Í¹ÁÔ.Â. 2550 ¹Õé á¹ ¹Í¹Ç Ò ¡ÒÃä´ ·Õè´Ô¹¤×¹ÁÒ each 28-meters high. All 30 were linked in a circle that intercepted between aircraft and ships. The government had to ¢Í§¹Ñ¡à¤Å×Íè ¹äËÇà¾×Íè ÊÑ¹µÔÀÒ¾ÍÂ Ò§¤Ø³âªÍÔ¨äÔ Á ä´ ËÁÒÂ¤ÇÒÁà¾ÕÂ§¼Åä´ ÊÇ ¹ºØ¤¤Åà· Ò¹Ñ¹é áµ communication open a special entrance and fence around Chibana's land. "Finally we got a result", he said. He was referring to decision to à» ¹ÊÑÅÑ¡É³ ¢Í§¡ÒÃµ Íµ Ò¹Ê§¤ÃÒÁ áÅÐ¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒÊÔ·¸Ô¢Í§¾ÅàÁ×Í§äÁ ãË ¶¡Ù ÅÐàÁÔ´â´ÂÃÑ°´ ÇÂ the demolition of this 'Elephant Cage' and the return of land to "µÑ§é áµ » 2539 áÅÐâ´Âà©¾ÒÐàÁ×Íè àÎÅÔ¤Í»àµÍÃ ¡Í§·Ñ¾ÍàÁÃÔ¡¹Ñ µ¡ã¹ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂ¹Ò¹Ò begin the rightful land-owners in early June 2007. Certainly, getting his land ªÒµÔâÍ¡Ô¹ÒÇÒã¹» 2547... ÃÑ°ºÒÅ·Õèâµà¡ÕÂÇ¡ÑºÇÍªÔ§µÑ¹¡çàÃÔèÁ¤ØÂ¡Ñ¹Ç Ò¨ÐÂ ÒÂ°Ò¹·Ñ¾¿Ùàµç¹ÁÒ back did not represent a personal gain. For a peace activist like Chibana, it was a symbol of anti-war action and protection of citizens from, ironiÍÂ Ùã¹àÁ×Í§¡Ôâ¹ÇÑ¹¢Öé¹ä»·Ò§µÍ¹àË¹×Í áÅÐÊÃ Ò§ÃÑ¹àÇÂ àË¹×ÍÍ ÒÇàÎâ¹â¡Ð´ ÇÂàËµØ¼Å·ÕèÇ Ò·Õè¹Ñè¹ÁÕ cally, abuses by their own government. "Since 1996, and especially after the US military helicopter crashed ¼ ¤Ù ¹ÍÂ ¹Ù Í Â¡Ç Ò... áµ ¹Í Â¡Ç Ò¡çäÁ ä´ á»ÅÇ ÒäÁ ÁÍÕ Â àÙ ÅÂ ¡ÒÃµ ÍÊ ·Ù àÕè Îâ¹â¡Ð¨Ö§àÃÔÁè ¢Ö¹é ... ¶Ö§µÍ¹¹Õé into Okinawa International University in 2004, Tokyo and Washington ÃÑ°ºÒÅ¡ÅÒ§àÃÔèÁ¹Ó¡Í§¡ÓÅÑ§» Í§¡Ñ¹µÑÇàÍ§¢Í§Õè» Ø¹à¢ ÒÁÒ¤ ØÁ¤ÃÍ§ºØ¤ÅÒ¡Ã¢Í§ÃÑ°·Õè¨ÐÁÒ started to talk about moving Futenma Base to the City of Ginowan, of Okinawa. They were planning to construct a runway over '»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼Å¡ÃÐ·º·Ò§ÊÔ§è áÇ´Å ÍÁ' «Ö§è ¶ Ò¼ Ò¹ ¡ç¨ÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶àÃÔÁè ¡ ÍÊÃ Ò§ÃÑ¹àÇÂ ä´ ·¹Ñ ·Õ" ã¨¢ Ò¾à¨ Ò north Henoko Bay because there are fewer people there. But fewer people ÅÍÂä»¶Ö§àÎâ¹â¡ÐáÅÐà¾×Íè ¹·Õ·è Ó¡ÒÃ¤Ñ´¤ Ò¹¡ÒÃ¡ ÍÊÃ Ò§ÃÑ¹àÇÂ ÍÂ Ò§¶Ö§·ÕÊè ´Ø ¢ Ò¾à¨ Òà¤Âä´ ¾º is not equal to no people, and that's the beginning of Henoko struggle." mind drifted to Henoko and friends who were patiently protesting ¾Ç¡à¢ÒºÒ§¤¹ÍÕ¡¤ÃÑ§é ã¹¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁÊÃ Ò§ 'Ë Ç§â« Á¹ØÉÂ ' Å ÍÁÃÍº°Ò¹·Ñ¾ÎÒà¹´Ð ÍÕ¡Ë¹Ö§è °Ò¹·Ñ¾ My there and jumped to the 'Human Chain' activity where I again met ÍàÁÃÔ¡¹Ñ ã¹¨Ó¹Ç¹ 14 °Ò¹ã¹âÍ¡Ô¹ÒÇÒ·ÕËè ¹Ç¡ËÙ·ÊÕè ´Ø ´ ÇÂàÊÕÂ§à¤Ã×Íè §ºÔ¹½ ¡« ÍÁ·Õ¢è ¹Öé Å§·Ø¡ æäÁ many of them in front of the Kaneda base, the noisiest one of the 14 US military facilities in Okinawa. ¡Õè¹Ò·Õ The lives of many friends who were citizens of Japan seemed to ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§à¾×èÍ¹¢Í§¢ Ò¾à¨ ÒËÅÒÂ¤¹¼ Ù·Õèà» ¹¾ÅàÁ×Í§Õè» Ø¹´Ù¨ÐàºÒËÇÔÇã¹ÊÒÂµÒ¢Í§ be so light in the eye of the central government. It might not be very different from the lightness of my being a Thai citizen, which has hardly ÃÑ°ºÒÅ¡ÅÒ§ àª ¹à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁàºÒËÇÔÇ¢Í§¡ÒÃà» ¹¾ÅàÁ×Í§ä·Â¢Í§¢ Ò¾à¨ Ò·Õ¨è Ðá·ºäÁ ´ÓÃ§ÍÂ Ù existed because even the constitution that defined citizenship was torn at the will of a group that claimed to do it in my name. If every of à¾ÃÒÐÃÑ°¸ÃÃÁ¹Ù·ÕèºÑÑµÔ¤ÇÒÁà» ¹¾ÅàÁ×Í§¹Ñé¹¶Ù¡©Õ¡·Ôé§à» ¹Ç ÒàÅ ¹â´Â¼ Ù·ÕèÍ Ò§Ç Ò¡ÃÐ·Ó¡ÒÃ down our small actions had its own history and memories, that richness of our á·¹¢ Ò¾à¨ Ò ËÒ¡·Ø¡¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·ÓàÅç¡¹ ÍÂ¢Í§àÃÒÅ Ç¹ÁÕ»ÃÐÇÑµÈÔ ÒÊµÃ áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ·Ã§¨Ó ¤ÇÒÁÃ ÁØ ÃÇÂ lives was destroyed by maintaining an obedient life, fitting to the model the government prescribed: to be a good citizen without any dreams ¢Í§ªÕÇµÔ ¹Ñ¹é ¡ç¶¡Ù ·ÓÅÒÂÅ§´ ÇÂ¡ÒÃÁÕÇ¶Ô ªÕ ÇÕ µÔ àª×Íè § æáºº·ÕÃè °Ñ ÂÑ´àÂÕÂ´ÁÒãË «Ö§è ¤×Í¡ÒÃà» ¹¾ÅàÁ×Í§ that and memories other than those common with the State. The events ·Õ´è Õ »ÃÒÈ¨Ò¡«Ö§è ¤ÇÒÁ½ ¹áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ·Ã§¨ÓÍ×¹è ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁ·Ã§¨Ó·ÕÁè ÃÕ Ç Á¡ÑºÃÑ° àËµØ¡ÒÃ³ ÃÍº around the world have shown that the State has not protected its so well, but instead often abused them. For raison d'?tat, âÅ¡ä´ ªãÕé Ë àËç¹áÅ ÇÇ Ò ÃÑ°äÁ ä´ ·ÓË¹ Ò·Õ»è ¡» Í§¾ÅàÁ×Í§ä´ ´ÊÕ ¡Ñ à· ÒäÃ «éÓà» ¹¼ ÅÙ ÐàÁÔ´àÊÕÂàÍ§´ ÇÂ citizens things on the side of the road have no beauty, moving clouds and ã¹µÃÃ¡Ð¢Í§ÃÑ° ÊÍ§¢ Ò§·Ò§¹Ñé¹¤§»ÃÒÈ¨Ò¡«Öè§¤ÇÒÁ§ÒÁ ¡ Í¹àÁ¦·Õèà¤Å×èÍ¹äËÇáÅÐÃÍÂä¶ã¹ garden rows no meaning, except in how they can be exploited for the sake of the Nation. Everything must progress and there is no time to á»Å§¼Ñ¡¡ç»ÃÒÈ¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂ ¹Í¡àÊÕÂ¨Ò¡Ç Ò¨ÐàÍÒÁÒãª »ÃÐâÂª¹ ä´ ãË ¡ÑºªÒµÔ ·Ø¡ÍÂ Ò§ waste. But I have nothing to do for the Nation, because that kind of life µ Í§¡ ÒÇË¹ Òµ Íä»áÅÐàÇÅÒ¡çäÁ ÃÍ· Ò áµ ¢Ò ¾à¨ Ò¤§äÁ ÁÍÕ ÐäÃ¨Ð·ÓãË ªÒµÔä´ à¾ÃÒÐªÕÇµÔ àª ¹¹Ñ¹é is so light it was unbearable. ÁÑ¹àºÒËÇÔÇ¨¹àËÅ×Í·¹

â´Â ¨ÒµØ¾Å ¨Ñ¹·ÃºØ»¼Ò Chatupol Chantharabupha

à¾Å§ËÅ§·Ò§ ©Ñ¹àÃÔÁè àÅ ¹º·à¾Å§ËÅ§·Ò§ ã¹ÇÔ¹Ò·ÕáÃ¡¢Í§Ä´ÙÃÍ ¹ à· Òà»Å Òà»Å×ÍÂÂèÓÅ§º¹·Ò§½ ¹Ø äÁ ¹Ò¹¹Ñ¡ÅÁ¾Ñ´¨¹ÃÍÂÅÒ§ · Ç§·Ó¹Í§ËÅ§·Ò§ÍÂ ºÙ ¹àÊ ¹¢Íº ÃÍÂÂÔÁé ¶ ÍÁµÑÇ¢Í§ãºäÁ ÃÇ § ËÅÕ¡ËÅºãË º·à¾Å§ËÅ§µÑÇàÍ§ ¨Ò¡¤¹âÍ ÍÒ §ÇÒ§áº §ª¹ªÑ¹é ¾ÅÑ¹àÊÕÂ§Ã Í§ÃèÓà¾Å§ËÅ§·Ò§ âËÂáËºáË §ÃÒÇ´Ô¹Ã ÒÇÃÐáË§ ¨Ç¹¨º· Í¹ÊØ´· ÒÂáË §¤ÇÒÁà¨çº äË ËÒà¾ÕÂ§ÁÕ¾¹é× ·ÕÍè Â ÂÙ ¹× ©Ñ¹Â×¹è º·à¾Å§ËÅ§·Ò§ãË ¤ÇÒÁËÅÑ§ ¤ÓµÍº¤×Í¤ÇÒÁªÒà©Â àÁ×Íè ¡ ÃÙ Í §ÁÍºá´ Í¹Ò¤µ ¡ÅÑºäÃ àÊÕÂ§µÍºÃÑºµ Í§¡ÒÃ

ÃÔÁ¢ÍºÊÐ¾Ò¹ áÁ ÊÒÂ-· Ò¢Õàé ËÅç¡ 2550

The Lost-Way Tune In the first seconds of summer, I began to play the lost-way tune. My bare feet tread on the dusty path, And my footsteps were not so long past. My tune got lost there at the edge. The humble smiles of the falling leaves, Gave way to the lost-self song And the conceit and discrimination to which it belongs. Lose no time, the lost-way tune wailed. Broken voice cracked the land. The last verse of pain yearned For a place to stand. I handed the lost-way song to the past. Ignorance was the reply. I handed it to the future. Quiet denial was the answer.

¨Ø´¼ Ò¹á´¹ áÁ ÊÒÂ-· Ò¢Õàé ËÅç¡ 2550

ÊÑ§¢ÅÐºØÃÕ 2549

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Classless Art I read The Islands of Slaves over 10 years ago and wished that one day I would have a chance to translate it into Thai. The story of a master and a servant switching their roles was funny and teaches us in a special way. Living in Asian society where the classes system is deep-rooted, we can't help but love the writing of Marivaux. Last May, I saw 'middle class' Thais as well as international ex-pats, who have quite a high status in Thailand, enjoying a 100-year-old traditional Thai folk art, which is normally regarded as entertainment for the 'lower classes' at the Alliance Francaise, Bangkok. L' Ile des Esclaves (The Islands of Slaves), the classical 18th century French play by Pierre de Marivaux, was narrated in a classical 'likay' form by the Nirand Anchalee Likay Troupe. The performers received applause and garlands from the audience, who couldn't stop laughing. In "The Islands of Slaves," two pairs of leading characters (one in each pair is an aristocrat while another is his or her slave) encounter the same situation, in which they must exchange their social status for their survival. From this temporary roleexchange, the characters of higher status learn something about life. Some people may assume that the most difficult thing in producing this likay performance as a French play is conveying the comic elements originally written for Europeans to a Thai audience. But I found that Marivaux's satiric theme was universal. This kind of story exists in all human societies. What made 'Islands of Slaves' successful was its political aspect, which has never been out-of-date. Under the current military regime, we see efforts to destroy the former power. It is like revenge for victims who suffered under a corrupt ruler. I was never trained in likay, but I was an avid fan of this theatre form as a child. This is an experiment. I did not directly translate the original French script into Thai poetic verse for likay. I only prepared a series of sketched scenarios, and worked on improvising the dialogue with professional likay artists during the rehearsal until the two forms of art, stage-play and likay, met. The Likay troupe was amazed with the idea and the political message. One day I challenged them to think of any politicians who were terribly selfish and then lost their power. The likay troupe immediately got the point. People only care about the fake kind of good life, high life, or whatever you may call it. All this has to do with your purchasing power in which you play the role of the master. I have a friend who sells incredibly expensive Swiss watches. I used to wonder who would want to buy such things. The reply was that the customers were politicians who bought the items as 'presents' to use for bribes. Comedy was the only kind of play I wanted to do. It has to be an evening filled with laughter. It seems that we can make fun of the pain we experience in life. It reminds us well how we should treat one other with respect as equal human beings. No boss is greater servants. There is no high, as there is no low.

à¡ÃÕÂ§ÈÑ¡´Ôì ÈÔÅÒ¡Í§ à» ¹¼ Ù¡Ó¡ÑºÅÔà¡ "à¡ÒÐ·ÒÊ" §Ò¹ªÔé¹¹Õéà¢ÕÂ¹Ã ÇÁ¡Ñº ÀÑ·ÃÐ ´¹ØµÃÒ«Öè§à» ¹¹Ñ¡à¢ÕÂ¹¤ÍÅÑÁ¹ ÍÔÊÃÐãË ¡ÑºË¹Ñ§Ê×Í¾ÔÁ¾ ÀÒÉÒÍÑ§¡ÄÉã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Kriengsak is the director of 'The Islands of Slaves'. He wrote this article with Patra Danutra who is a freelance journalist for English language newspaper in Thailand.

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Active Citizen It has been five years since I last met Aung Naing. At the time we were having an afternoon tea-talk about a book made up of 11 interviews with multiethnic activists from Burma. While discussing Burmese politics, I remembered Aung Naing said that he didn't expect good results from any elected government, as his hopes relied on the strengths of all citizens of Burma. Aung Naing's struggle for liberty and rights in his homeland began in 1988 when he picked up arms to join the armed struggles in the jungle along the border and has continued up until the present, when he has turned to his pen and computer instead, with the belief that just and accurate information will make all things possible for Burma's citizens. "The Network Media Group has reporters on the borders covering refugees, migrants and border politic issues. We produce news for Burma's citizens. Our news is uploaded onto our website and sent to Burmese BBC and RFA on daily basis. We also have an ethnic cultural program broadcasted via RFA. I believe the kind of program could be a bridge to link the multi-ethnic people to understand each other. Over the past years, I guess NMG has gained more credit but it hasn't reached the point I expected yet. The problem is staffing. Among the 5 NMG founders, now there is only me left (laughs shyly). There's a lot of staff turn-over. Most left for resettlement in third countries.

The democratic movement has also grown weaker and weaker over the past five years. People have left. The Thai government wanted to repatriate refugees, partly to open the way for all those economic cooperation projects. But when there was too much pressure from the international community, the solution was that the international community itself should take refugees. So, now there is a trend towards resettlement. The problem is that those who have left or are leaving are mostly educated people, second-line leaders or those active in civil society groups. Once they arrive in third countries, they have to struggle for survival and there is no time left to think or act for Burma. As for the second generation that will grow up and integrate overseas, I don't think they will know or think about Burma as their country any longer. Maybe we have to re-strategize our struggle. Of course, we still need to continue and I need to be here, because even if some people want to start a new life as a citizen of a new country, the majority of Burma's citizens are inside Burma. They are the ones who want change so dearly. "Being a citizen of Burma?"(Quiet for a while). "How can I describe it? It's difficult and ..umm... difficult (laughs loudly). Once we have a chance to get out of ourcountry, we start to wonder whether being born there was a big mistake in life (laughs)! Now a lot of people are leaving for their survival. My sister also

20 left. She graduated from England and came back to earn less than 400 baht a month as a medical doctor. She couldn't even afford her son's schooling. I think that being a citizen of Burma means that all opportunities in life are restricted. To be an ethnic person is even worse. It is harder and there is more brutal suppression! The military government has a chauvinistic policy. No ethnic person can get into a high position in the government. They face forced labor, rape, and forced relocation, etc. "Those who have the chance to get out and experience the freedom of the outside world don't want to go back. I have talked with many villagers. They said that once they got out of the country, crossed the border or got onto a plane, they felt like, 'Oh! We're free! Free from threats and pressure.' And once they had to cross back, the first feeling was also, 'Oh! Well, now freedom's gone.' When I went to Indonesia, I saw that the people there didn't look much different from the Burmese, but I felt such a different atmosphere. I could feel freedom, probably in the way people expressed themselves. I don't know how to explain it, but I really could feel it. Here in Thailand, of course, we are not so free because we are illegal immigrants, but we can sense freedom. Maybe not physically, but the feeling is certainly there! This is one of the reasons why people continue to come here. "In a dream situation, Burma's citizens should be able to develop their lives as others do. They should live lives with freedom in a place where there is a good economic and educational system. I don't believe in economic development without freedom, but I understand the majority of people who have been suffering for so long that they may feel that their stomach must be filled first, and freedom can wait. Personally, I don't think there will be real economic development for all without freedom. You see, Burma is not actually a poor country (smiles). But the people are so poor. We have lots of resources but few products. The mega-projects from Thailand, China, Singapore, etc, bring money in but the money doesn't go to the majority of the poor. It goes to the military government. You see, the poor have nothing to eat but the government can build a new capital city easily. Last year it was reported that our GDP was 6-7%. Definitely there is money, but it goes to a very few top people. I think if our opposition groups are this weak, if we can't bring change soon, things will continue to be this way.

"I still feel myself an active citizen of Burma, although I am not recognized as part of the population (laughs). I am a Burman from Burma, although my name is not in any UN, Burmese or Thai registration. I exist here as a citizen of Burma. Being a citizen is a feeling that we belong to a country, and our country is that country. Although I can't go back there, in my mind and my heart, my country is Burma. And because I long for Burma, it affects my whole life. Because I'm an active citizen of Burma, I am in exile and I am not recognized as a 'citizen'! Legal status and the feeling of citizenship are so different. People may have an ID card and be protected by a state, but the important thing is what's in their mind, and how they feel they belong to a particular country. "We Burmese used to think we were in trouble, so we thought only about how to ask for help from others, not about how we could help or support others. You see? That was a big mistake. Actually, no matter to which country we belong, we are all humans, and humans must look after each other. The sense of belonging to one country should not be narrowly interpreted. Despite of all suffering one may face, one has the capacity to help others. "Thailand now is like Burma in 1962 when Newin just took power! At that time Newin got a lot of support. Someone told me it might not be a good sign to see the current government care less about people's freedom than getting rid of Thaksin. Anyway, I believe Thai people have been living with democracy to some extent. Thai people understand and know how to practice it better than those of us who have more limited experience. So, if Thai citizens aim for democracy and peace, it shouldn't be too difficult to achieve. But, yeah, if you are in trouble, liberated Burma will be always welcome you (laughs)!

"I have learned a lot from Thai politics. I used to envy the way that Thai democracy is so developed. But it slid back in Thaksin's time, followed by the coup and military government, with probably more coups to come. In Thaksin's time, freedom was restricted, and it appeared on the surface that the economy developed. But actually it was only temporary. The government caused money to circulate, and people felt they had cash to spend. But once they came back to the reality, they found themselves in debt. Inflation is obvious. The poor suffer more than before. If Burma was like that, it would be terrible. "NGM tries to provide Burma's people with information so that they will think, analyze and understand, then we, the people, will be strong enough to be part of the change. I also believe that media has a role in peace building and development. It has been six years here and almost two decades that I have tried. There are lots of obstacles and I sometimes feel discouraged, of course (laughs loudly)! Anyway, generally I think my life is OK. It's better than that of many others, and to work for Burma makes me feel good. The need for life is not only for living standards, but I need to feel good about myself too. The situation here may not be so free, but I feel good and confident in my honor and dignity. That's why I continue.

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Aung Naing, aged 40, is a former medical student from Mandalay. He joined the democracy movement in 1988 and fled to found the All Burma's Students Democratic Front with other friends on the Burma-China border. He later moved to India and started writing news and articles, and worked for the Democratic Voice of Burma radio station. He finally moved to Thailand in 1998. Aung Naing resigned from ABSDF to do full-time media work. He founded the Network Media Group in 2000 and currently works as a reporter for a regional radio program broadcasted in Indonesia and its neighboring countries.

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STATELESSNESS

Meeper Ayi, 12, was born on January 1, 1995. She lost her parents to a deadly disease. Among the four siblings, only the 17-year-old eldest brother was granted Thai citizenship. Ah Ngo Sumu, 13, was born on October 10, 1993, to an ethnic minority family that is rooted in Thailand. However, his parents are illiterate and thus did not report his birth to the district office. Ahchu and Ahja Mayoh, boys ages 12 and 11, were born in a family where all the other members hold Thai citizenship, but due to difficulties in traveling from home to town, the boys' births were not reported. These are only tiny fragments of the whole story about statelessness in Thailand, one that has great effects on the individual, the family and society at large, especially when the society chooses to recognize an individual identity by his or her numeric ID and a paper card rather than his or her status as a human being. If we use simple logic, a child of a Thai citizen must be a Thai citizen. A person being born in and attached to Thailand is definitely Thai. But in reality, it is not easy for one to be recognized as a Thai citizen. Citizenship regulations do, in fact, involve many complicated policy-related factors, attitudes and practices of government officials who are influenced by a nationalist-type of national security. "Nine years ago, it was hardly known in Thai society that there was a large number of people who are not granted Thai citizenship," said Somchat Pipattaradol who is working for the Project for Status Development and Protection for Stateless Children in Thailand under the Mirror Foundation. "We found that most of the indigenous highlanders in Chiang Rai know nothing about their right to citizenship. So from 2000, we started to seriously study this issue and conduct onsite surveys. And since then, we have been working to promote the rights and legal status of the people." The project includes three phases of work. In the beginning, it focused mainly on onsite survey and extending direct assistance to the villagers. The second phase involved capacity building so that the villagers understand their rights. The final phase is advocacy. With strengths combined from many NGOs and academics, the Thai government then amended the regulation to reflect the reality, and around 90% of the indigenous hill-tribes were granted Thai nationality. Furthermore, the group also played a key role in advocating for the cabinet resolution that allows those born in Thailand to migrated parents who have been permanently settled in the country since before 1985 to apply for Thai nationality. The parents can also apply for alien status to have the legal right to live in the country. However, Somchat shared with us that, "Having the law amended is not the end of the problem. The law is there. But there are a large number of applications pending at provincial office for too long. They are not sent to the Department of Administration, Ministry of Interior for some reasons. Also, there remain many more of those who have not yet sent applications or are not even surveyed and registered by any department of the government." As law is not the final answer, Somchat and his colleagues also work to raise public awareness and promote public participation in advocacy, using diverse kind of media. "From time to time, when the issue became hot, the society turned to pay attention to this issue and a single person's problem was easily solved. But this doesn't always happen. Also, we don't want to solve the problem on an individual basis, but we want a sustainable process and fair treatment for all," he said. Dealing with statelessness issue does not only include ensuring that someone will obtain an identity card. It is, in fact, about ensuring that he or she will receive the state's protection as a citizen. It means ensuring that a person's human dignity and his or her civil and political rights will be respected. Statelessness is both the cause and consequence of social discrimination and marginalization. Wouldn't it be ideal if we could just simply consider that children like Meeper, Ah Ngo, Ahchu and Ahja have the right to grow-up with opportunities equal to our own children without any questions as to whether "they are Thai" or not?

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Abdel Wright

24 ¨Ò¡¹Ñ¡´¹µÃÕã¹ºÒÃ àÅç¡ æ·Õ¨è ÒäÁ¡ Ò ÍÑºà´Å´Ô¹é Ã¹à¾×Íè ¨ÐàÍÒµÑÇä»¾º¡Ñºâ»Ã´ÔÇà«ÍÃ à¾Å§ äºÃÍÑ¹ ¨çÍºÊÑ¹ «Ö§è ¡çä´ á¹Ð¹Óà¢ÒãË ¡ºÑ à´¿ Ê¨çÇÃ µ µÓ¹Ò¹áË §Ç§ÂÙÃ¸Ô ÁÔ¡« áÅÐà´¿¡çÂ§Ñ àÍÒà¾Å§¢Í§à¢Òä»ãË âº â¹áË §ÂÙ·¿Ù § µ Í ã¹·ÕÊè ´Ø ´ ÇÂ¡ÒÃÊ¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹¢Í§ÈÔÅ» ¹Ã ¹Ø ãË ËÅÒÂ æ¤¹ ÍÑºà´Å¡çä´ ¢¹Öé àÇ·Õ¤Í¹àÊÔÃµ ¡ÒÃ ¡ØÈÅ¢¹Ò´ÂÑ¡É ã¹ÍÑ¿ÃÔ¡Òãµ ·ÁÕè àÕ ¹ÅÊÑ¹ àÁ¹à´ÅÅÒà» ¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹ áÅÐÍÍ¡ÍÑÅºÑÁé áÃ¡â´Âãª ªÍ×è µÑÇàÍ§à» ¹ª×Íè ÍÑÅºÑÁé Á ËÙ ÅÒ¹¨Óä´ ÇÒ ã¹ Pirates of the Caribbean ¹Ñ¹é ÁÕµÍ¹Ë¹Ö§è ·Õ¾è Í ¢Í§¡Ñ»µÑ¹á¨ ¤«Ö§è ¡çà» ¹â¨ÃÊÅÑ´ ¼ ÂÙ §Ôè ãË (áÊ´§â´Â¤Õ¸ ÃÔªÒÃ ´ Á×Í¡ÕµÒÃ Ç§âÃÅÅÔ§è Êâµ¹) ¡çÍÍ¡ÁÒ¹Ñ§è ºÃÃàÅ§¡ÕµÒÃ ¡Ðà¢Ò´ ÇÂ ÎÖÁè .. ¶ Ò ¾Å¾ÃÃ¤â¨ÃÊÅÑ´¨ÐÁÒà» ´»Ò¡Ã Í§à¾Å§» ÒÇ»ÃÐ¡ÒÈãË Ê§Ñ ¤ÁÃÑºÃ ¶Ù §Ö ¤ÇÒÁäÁ àÊÁÍÀÒ¤áÅÐÍÂØµ¸Ô ÃÃÁ¢Í§ âÅ¡ãº¹Õé áÅÐàÃÕÂ¡Ã Í§ãË ¼¤ Ù ¹à¢ ÒÃ ÇÁ¢º¶¡Ñºà¢ÒáººÍÑºà´Å äÃ· ¤§ÁÑ¹Ê ¹Ò ´ÙàÅÂ¹Ð¤Ð à¤ÂÊ§ÊÑÂäËÁ ¨ ÒÂÀÒÉÕä»·ÓäÁ à¢ÒàÍÒä»ãª ·ÓÍÐäÃ äÁ àËç¹¡ÑºµÒ ¡çÁ¹Ñ ¡ÅÒÂà» ¹§ºÊ§¤ÃÒÁ à¢ ¹¦ Ò ¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÂÒ¡äÃ ¨ÐµÓµÒã¹»ÃÐà·ÈËÃÙËÃÒ ¢Í§àÃÒ ¡Óá¾§ºÒºÔÅÍ¹¨Ðµ Í§¾Ñ§Å§ÁÒ ÇÑ¹Ë¹Ö§è ÇÑ¹Ë¹Ö§è à¾Å§ Babylon Wall/ ÍÑºà´Å äÃ· ¡ÃÐ´Ô¡ËÒ§ÊÒÁ·Õ¤Ð Á ËÙ ÅÒ¹

The Rebel of the Caribbean Why is medication so expensive? Tough luck life threatening diseases Hope I'm not too interrogative Why if your money less that means you can't live? Human Behavior/ Abdel Wright It was raining heavily. I lay down swinging my tail and dreaming of my Captain Jack Sparrow, the famous pirate of the Caribbean. I was also thinking there was nothing more suitable to the atmosphere of pirates, or of the Caribbean sea, than the songs of Abdel Wright, as his music played in the background. 'Human Behavior' is a song from this young man, whom U2 frontman Bono admired as 'the most important Jamaican artist since Marley.' Abdel wrote most of his songs during a tough period of time when he was imprisoned for robbery and the illegal possession of a firearm. Oh! Yes, he was a robber! Well, we all know that a pirate is actually a kind of thief. So, how can a pirate become a hero? Captain Jack and his pirate friends are so popular that the Pirates of the Caribbean trilogy became a blockbuster. And believe me, I bet the audiences all cheered for Captain Jack, and that not a single person was cheering for the British army. Abdel Wright, the pirate, Oops! no, the rebel of the Caribbean, was born from a mentally-ill mother and an unknown father. (The story was told in his song 'Issues') He walked in and out foster homes before ending up in an orphanage where he found his first love - a guitar and got to know his lifetime hero, Johnny Cash. The American country artist, a hero for the rebels, including prisoners was one of the main contributors to the orphanage and always dropped by to donate materials and play music for the children. Abdel dreamt that one day he would be able to play the guitar and write powerful songs just like Johnny Cash. But people only laughed at him and finally he started to forget his dream. At the age of 18 he came to the end of his childhood, and consequently was kicked out of the orphanage. He became homeless, surviving only by committing petty crimes. He even stole corn from the fields to fill his stomach. Gold spoon inna mouth, me never get none More time nothing to eat, not even bread crumb Drink the water from my eye when it a run down Quench my emotions Confuse so me tek up all a big gun Robbing people for needs that is not fun Babylon jailhouse think me life done Five years detention Ruffest Times/ Abdel Wright

Although a pirate is actually a thief, images of pirates today are mostly presented by stories of liberated adventures rather than of plundering. Maybe it is because pirates are from colonial times - when European kingdoms went around occupying far-away countries, sucking their resources and shipping them back home. It was when aristocrats and royal courts were prosperous while the ordinary people, especially those in the colonies, were oppressed and fleeced. So when some people turned to 'rebel' by living their life against all the social rules and norms, plundering the European noblemen's ships, although it is not a revolution to bring about any political solution, the poor and those who detest the state's powers couldn't help being supportive. Some would even dream to join such a path. Many, including me, would love to play the part of the pirate, dressing up, floating on the sea, wandering around the borderless world; ready to face any unexpected circumstance. Who would want to play a European soldier in a hard starched uniform, marching according to the rhythm directed by the powerful? Abdel didn't think that an adventure with guns was right for him and his life didn't end in prison as he had thought. After five years teaching music for his prison mates and writing a bunch of new songs, the young man got out to the world, picked up a guitar and started a new rebel path. As a musician in a small bar in Jamaica, Abdel succeeded in meeting Brian Jobson, a well-known producer, who introduced him to Eurithmic Dave Stuwart, who also introduced his songs to U2 Bono. Finally, with supports from these great artists, Abdel Wright got up on the stage in a charity concert for AIDS in South Africa, which was chaired by Nelson Mandela, and released the first album of his own. In the Pirates of the Caribbean III, there was a time when Captain Jack's father (played by Keith Richard of the Rolling Stones), also a great pirate, sat performing stunning music. Hmm. . . If the pirates there stepped out to sing about the world's inequality and injustice and called for a change the way that Abdel Wright does, it must be awesome to see, huh? Have you ever wondered why you really paying tax Vague use of the money now it's no surprise attack Budgeting for the war to come and all the weaponry Yet unbelievable poverty in your rich country Babylon wall will have to fall, Babylon wall one day Babylon Wall/ Abdel Wright Wagging my tail three times, Mulan

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Sabia Biah

Akha spicy pork wrap Today we come to knock on the Akha's kitchen door in Chiang Rai. Apha village has been settled here for 14 years. Young, you say? Well, in fact, they had lived for more than 50 years on the top of a mountain but were relocated to where they are now to give way for a Royal Highland Agricultural Development Project. Like other indigenous peoples, the Akha have their own culture and traditions that pass through generations. Amidst some changes, their food culture remains intact. In any Akha rituals or festivals, pork is a "must have" special dish. What's changed today is that now they cook pork anytime they want - no need to wait for the festival. That's why we have a chance to try this "Sabia Biah" today. A-Ma (mother) told us that there is pork to cook it today but usually the Akha daily food is chili paste sauces and seasonal vegetables. Ingredients: Pork, pig blood, dried chili powder, mint, parsley, Vietnamese cilantro, spring onion, coriander, lemongrass, salt Fresh vegetables to eat with the dish: lettuce, long bean, Thai eggplant Instructions: - Finely chop pork, add chopped lemongrass and Vietnamese cilantro, continue chopping until mixed well, - Add pig blood, spring onion, coriander and parsley, - Add chili powder and salt. Chop and mix all the ingredient well, then wrap with banana leaf, - Grill the wrapped pork until cooked and has nice smell, - Turn the wrap upside down until well cooked and serve with fresh vegetables.

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Thanks for your inspiring letter and your participation in our member gathering on the World Refugee Day. The meeting room was full with 'friends without borders' although we initially expected only around 30 people. Please take good care of yourself so that you will continue to be the inspiration for all the people's struggles.

à¾×Íè ¹äÃ ¾ÃÁá´¹¢ÍàªÔªÇ¹¼ ÍÙ Ò ¹ãË ÃÇ ÁÊ §º·¤ÇÒÁËÃ×Íº·¡ÇÕà¡ÕÂè Ç¢ Í§¡ÑºÊÔ·¸ÔÁ¹ØÉÂª¹ ¤¹ªÒÂ¢Íº ¡Å ÁØ ªÒµÔ¾¹Ñ ¸ Ø ¼ ÅÙ ÀÕé ÂÑ ËÃ×ÍáÃ§§Ò¹Í¾Â¾ÁÒÅ§µÕ¾ÁÔ ¾ · Ò¹¼ ÊÙ ¹ã¨¡ÃØ³ÒÊ §µ ¹©ºÑº¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇäÁ à¡Ô¹ 2 Ë¹ Ò¤ÃÖ§è A4 (¿Í¹· 14) ·Õäè Á à¤ÂµÕ¾ÁÔ ¾ ·ãÕè ´ ÁÒ¡ Í¹ µÒÁËÑÇ¢ Í¡Ç Ò§ æ·Õàè » ´ãË µ¤Õ ÇÒÁä´ àÍ§ ¤×Í "¤ÇÒÁÂØµ¸Ô ÃÃÁ" (30 ¡.Â.) áÅÐ "¤ÇÒÁÁ §Ø ËÇÑ§" (31 µ.¤)ÁÒ·Ò§ä»ÃÉ³ÕÂ ËÃ×ÍÍÕàÁÅ ¾Ã ÍÁá¨ §ª×Íè -¹ÒÁÊ¡ØÅ¨ÃÔ§áÅÐ·ÕÍè Â ·Ù µÕè ´Ô µ Íä´ à¨ Ò¢Í§àÃ×Íè §·Õäè ´ ÃºÑ ¡ÒÃµÕ¾ÁÔ ¾ ¨Ðä´ ÃºÑ ¤ ÒµÍºá·¹áÅÐ¢Í§¢ÇÑ àÅç¡ æ¹ ÍÂ æ â´ÂºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ¢ÍÊ§Ç¹ÊÔ·¸Ôã¹¡ÒÃá¡ ä¢µÑ´·Í¹µÒÁ¤ÇÒÁàËÁÒÐÊÁ We invite you to share an article or a poem relating to human rights, marginalized peoples, ethnic nationalities, refugees or migrant workers. Please send a manuscript that hasn't been published and isn't longer than 2 A4 page (Times 12) under the theme 'Justice' (deadline 30/9/) and 'Hope' (31/10) to us by post or email. The writer's real name and contact address must be attached. The editor reserves the right to edit the selected pieces. There will be a small gift and a little honorarium for the writers.

ÁÒÃ ¸Ò à¡ÅÎÍÃ ¹, Ê×Íè ÁÇÅª¹ÍàÁÃÔ¡¹Ñ (2451-2541)

"¡ÒÃà» ¹¾ÅàÁ×Í§à» ¹ÍÒªÕ¾·ÕèÂÒ¡àÍÒ¡ÒÃ à¾ÃÒÐà¢Ò¼ Ù¹Ñé¹ ¨Ðµ Í§áÊ´§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹¢Í§µ¹ÍÂ Ò§ÃÍº¤Íº áÅÐÂ×¹ËÂÑ´à¾×èÍÁÑ¹´ ÇÂ"

Martha Gellhorn, American journalist (1908-1998)

"Citizenship is a tough occupation which obliges the citizen to make his own informed opinion and stand by it."