SPIRITS AND SCIENCE - Michael Harner

MICHAEL HARNER Founder of The Foundation for Shamanic Studies

The quite common human view that spirits, such as human souls, are real is unacceptable to today’s science, as it has been for several centuries. Although one spirit, God, may be occasionally mentioned (as by Einstein), multiple “spirits” or “souls” are anathema and unacceptable in the scientific paradigm. In other words, Western science is founded upon a belief – the belief that spirits cannot exist. This attitude has its historical origins in the attacks by the Church on such pioneering scientists as Galileo and Copernicus during the Renaissance and Reformation. In reaction, during the Age of “Enlightenment”, Western science and medicine decreed that souls and spirits did not exist and were therefore not relevant to scientific study and medical practice (...)

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