Canada Colloquium IV Program by Fulbright Canada

2023 Canada Colloquium IV October 25-28, 2023 University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Contemporary Challenges to Democracy and Democratic Institutions

CONTENTS

Introduction

FULBRIGHT CANADA | CANADA COLLOQUIUM 2023

04 Special Guests

07 Academic Contributions

10 Colloquium Schedule

15 Colloquium Co-Convenors

21 Appendix A: Meet the Authors

35 Appendix B: Meet the Youth Panel

INTRODUCTION

In partnership with the Center for the Study of Canada at the State University of New York, Plattsburgh, and the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Fulbright Canada is pleased to present the fourth in our Canada Colloquium series. These scholarly colloquia address critical social, political, and economic issues relevant to Canada, the United States, and the international community. This year's topic of the colloquium is Contemporary Challenges to Democracy and Democratic Institutions. The central features of the colloquium are an authors’ workshop and an open town hall. The authors’ workshop, designed to produce an edited volume, will take place on campus on October 26th-27th. The town hall meeting includes students, professionals, officials, and the interested public will be held at the Campus Center, at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa on the evening of October 27th. Our Focus: Liberal democracy currently faces increasingly complex challenges both at home in North America and abroad. Social, ideological, economic, and racial divisions have heightened political and cultural polarization. Gaps are widening between people and power, and internal and external authoritarian movements directly challenge the nature of democratic societies. Our 2023 colloquium examines various issues relating to the contemporary challenges to democracy and democratic institutions. These challenges include, but are not limited to, political polarization, threats to multi-ethnic democracies, economic inequality, the growing maldistribution of wealth and income, democratic backsliding, and the rise of populism. The colloquium organizers are especially interested in whether creative institutional reform can address some of these challenges. We are particularly interested in how these challenges affect Canada and the United States while, at the same time, recognizing the importance of critical comparative analysis.

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Colloquium Experience: The Colloquium allows scholars to engage and form connections with other researchers and discuss various issues that are threatening democracy globally. The event lets scholars experience Hawaii’s rich culture and Indigenous history while respecting its multi-ethnic heritage. Our Host: The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa was founded in 1907 in the beautiful Mānoa Valley just outside downtown Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu. Proud of its Indigenous and multi-ethnic heritage, it is a Carnegie Endowment R1 research institution and one of a handful of land, sea, space, and sun-grant institutions in the United States.

Our Organizers: Dr. Michael Hawes, President and CEO of the Foundation for Educational Exchange between Canada and the United States of America (aka Fulbright Canada) Dr. Denise Eby Konan, Dean of the College of Social Sciences at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Dr. Christopher Kirkey, Director of the Center for the Study of Canada at the State University of New York at Plattsburgh

Our 2023 colloquium examines various issues relating to the contemporary challenges to democracy and democratic institutions.

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SPECIAL GUESTS

TOWN HALL

Jane Mariara Executive Director, Partnership for Economic Policy, Nairobi

Prof. Jane Mariara is the Executive Director (ED) of the Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) and is responsible for institutional development, fundraising and long-term sustainability, and delivery of all of PEP’s commitments. Since taking on the role of ED in 2016, Jane has been instrumental in strengthening and diversifying both PEP’s engagement with donors and partner organisations worldwide, as well as PEP’s service offering. Jane extends the extensive global experience in policy research analysis to the Central Bank of Kenya’s Monetary Policy Committee. Jane has previously held several senior positions at the University of Nairobi, with the most recent as a full professor of Economics and the Director of the School Economics. Overall, she has over 30 years’ experience in teaching, research and management. Jane has also held numerous advisory roles in local, regional and international academic circles. Currently, she is a member of the Innovations for Poverty Action Board of Directors, the President of the African Society of Ecological Economists (ASEE), and a member of the Club of Rome’s Earth4All 21st Century Transformational Economics Commission. She is an integral member of the international scientific community and a thought-leader in development economics, having authored multiple journal papers, books, monographs, policy briefs, working papers and mimeos. Jane holds PhD, MA, and BA degrees in Economics from the University of Nairobi.

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Davianna Pōmaikaʻi McGregor Professor Emerita, Department of Ethnic Studies, UH Mānoa

Dr. Davianna Pomaika'i McGregor, is a Professor emerita of Ethnic Studies and Director of the Center for Oral History at the University of Hawai'i, Manoa. She is an historian of Hawai'i and the Pacific. Her ongoing research endeavors have focused on documenting the persistence of traditional Hawaiian cultural customs, beliefs, and practices in rural Hawaiian communities, including the island of Moloka'i; the districts of Puna and Ka'u on Hawai'i; Ke'anae-Wailuanui on Maui and Waiahole-Waikane on O'ahu and the revival of Hawaiian cultural and spiritual stewardship of the island of Kahoʻolawe. This work is featured in her 2007 UH Press book, Kua'aina: Living Hawaiian Culture which won the Kenneth W. Balridge Prize for best book in any field of history written by a resident of Hawai'i from 2005-2007. In June 2020, she was awarded an honorary doctorate in Social Sciences by the Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada for her work as an engaged scholar with her Native Hawaiian community.

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Rana Sarkar Consul General of Canada in San Francisco, United States

Mr. Rana Sarkar was appointed as Consul General of Canada in San Francisco | Silicon Valley in 2017, with accreditation for Northern California and Hawaii. He is also a member of Canada’s NAFTA Advisory Council. Mr. Sarkar previously served as National Director for High Growth Markets at KPMG Canada, and co-chairman of the advisory board at the Munk School of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto. From 2009 - 2013, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of the Canada-India Business Council. In 2005, Mr. Sarkar co-founded Content Partners, a global content agency (sold in 2009), and, in 2001, the advisory firm Rawlings Atlantic Limited. He began his career as a consultant at Roland Berger Strategy Consultants in London and Munich and helped establish Roland Berger in India. He also served as a visiting lecturer at the London School of Economics and the CASS Business School at the University of London. He attended the London School of Economics, Queen’s University at Kingston, Ontario, and the INSEAD Executive Program in France. He is a member of the advisory council of Canada2020 and a Distinguished Fellow at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto. Mr. Sarkar is married to lawyer and author Reva Seth. They live in San Francisco with their three children and oversized labradoodle.

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ACADEMIC CONTRIBUTIONS FOOD SECURITY AND DEMOCRATIC BACKSLIDING IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: LONG, ALIA AND ANDERSON Anderson, C. Leigh, PhD, Economics, University of Washington Didier Y. Alia, PhD, Agricultural Economics, University of Washington James D. Long, PhD, Political Science, University of Washington Sameer H. Shah, PhD, Environmental Social Science, University of Washington

POPULISM IN CANADA: ELITE RHETORIC AND THE 2022 FREEDOM CONVOY Bohonos, Danielle, PhD Candidate in Political Science, University of Toronto

HOW INDIGENOUS VIEWPOINTS IN SOCIAL DISCOURSE STRENGTHEN PLURALISM Coleman, Cynthia-Lou, PhD, Journalism and Mass Communication, Portland State University Martin Budak, MS, Portland State University Benjamin Nguyen, BS, Portland State University Luke Hanst, MS, Portland State University POPULISM IS NOT THE PROBLEM: THE NATIONALIST ROOTS OF AUTHORITARIANISM Deese, Richard Samuel, PhD, History, Boston University

CENTRALIZATION OF POWER IN THE HEAD OF STATE: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON AUTOCRACY Driesen, David M., J.D., University Professor, College of Law, Syracuse University

HEALING U.S. DEMOCRACY WITHOUT REKINDLING THE “AMERICAN DREAM.” MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE? Gagnon, Frédérick, PhD, Political Science, University of Québec in Montreal

FREE, PRIOR, INFORMED AND CONTINUED CONSENT: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK TO BRIDGE POLICY TO PRACTICE Giang, Vivian, PhD Candidate, Anthropology & Engineering, University of Alberta Uluwehi Hopkins, J., PhD, History, University of Hawaiʻi – West Oʻahu Palmer, Andie, PhD, Anthropology, University of Alberta Lefsrud, Lianne, PhD, Engineering, University of Alberta

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DEMOCRACY AND WAR: THE INCAPACITY OF CONGRESS AND PARLIAMENT TO DECLARE WAR Hallett, Brien, PhD, Political Science, UH Manoa, Institute of Peace

INSTITUTIONS AND COMMUNITIES OF TRANSFORMATION: FACING CAPACIOUS ISSUES AND EDUCATING FOR DEMOCRACY Hasager, Ulla, PhD, Anthropology, Director of Civic Engagement for College of Social Sciences, UH Manoa THE JOINT EFFORT BY CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES TO BUILD A DEMOCRACY IN AFGHANISTAN: LESSONS LEARNED FOR FUTURE COOPERATION IN DEMOCRATIC NATION-BUILDING Holland, Kenneth, PhD, O.P. Jindal Global University, India Holland, Julie Ed.D., American University of Afghanistan (former)

THE SHIFTING CENTER OF DEMOCRACY: COUNTERVAILING INSTITUTIONS OUTSIDE THE STATE Hudson, Alexander, PhD, et al, International IDEA, Sweden

COMPARING FOREIGN ELECTION INTERFERENCE: STRATEGIC CONTAINMENT OF FOREIGN INFLUENCE ACTIVITIES ACROSS THE FIVE EYES SECURITY COMMUNITY Leuprecht, Christian, PhD, Political Science, Royal Military College and Queen’s University Garnett, Holly Ann, Royal Military College and Queen’s University Glasier, Gabby, MA Candidate, Political Science, Queen’s University ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND REGULATORY RESPONSES TO A POSSIBLE FUTURE FOR ELECTIONS Longo, Justin, PhD, Public Policy, University of Regina

COUNTERING POLARIZATION IN DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIALOGUES AND RESEARCH BY PROMOTING THE INCLUSION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRY SCHOLARS Mariara, Jane, PhD, Economics, Executive Director, Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP), Kenya ASSESSING THE AMERICAN DEMOCRATIC MALAISE Martin, Pierre, PhD, Political Science, Université de Montréal

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THE GREAT EXAGGERATION: AMERICA’S ENDURING DEMOCRACY McMahon, Kevin J., PhD, Political Science, Trinity College

DIVISIVE BUT EFFECTIVE: HOW POPULISTS HAVE OUTPERFORMED EXPECTATIONS THOUGH EFFECTIVE POLICY DELIVERY AND HOW THEIR OPPONENTS CAN RESPOND Meyer, Brett, PhD, Political Science, Senior Policy Advisor the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, UK ADDRESSING THE DEMOCRATIC CLIMATE DEFICIT O’Brien, Robert, PhD, Political Science, McMaster University

ARMING THE MASSES FOR MISINFORMATION: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, USER-GENERATED DEEPFAKES, AND THE NEXT FRONTIER IN VOTER MANIPULATION IN CANADA Omorogbe, Phil, JD, Law, ENGR Solutions (AI Consulting Agency)

NEWSPAPERS AREN’T COMING BACK: THE SEARCH FOR SMALL-TOWN JOURNALISTIC SUCCESSORS Oppegaard, Brett, School of Communication and Information, UH Mānoa Rados, Krista, Digital Journalist and Producer, Hawaiʻi Public Radio IS GLOBALIZATION GUILTY? COGNITIVE BIASES AND THE RISE OF POPULISM IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES Paquin, Stéphane, PhD, Political Science, ENAP

THE RENEGOTIATION OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY AGREEMENT BETWEEN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES: TOWARDS A MORE ORDERLY SYSTEM? Plouffe-Malette, Kristine, LL.D., Faculty of Law, Université of Sherbrooke CLIMATE, COVID-19, AND WESTERN CANADA’S POPULIST CHALLENGE TO CANADIAN DEMOCRACY Young, Lisa, PhD, Political Science, University of Calgary Loleen Berdahl, PhD, Political Science, University of Saskatchewan and ED of the Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy

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COLLOQUIUM SCHEDULE Thursday, October 26

9:00 AM

All Events in Thomas Hale Hamilton Library, Room 301

Welcome and Introductions Michael Hawes (Fulbright), Chris Kirkey (SUNY Plattsburgh), & Denise Konan (UH Mānoa)

Panel IA: Politics, Populism, and Institutions Deese, Richard Samuel, PhD, History, Boston University Populism is Not the Problem: The Nationalist Roots of Authoritarianism 10:00 AM

Driesen, David M., J.D., University Professor, College of Law, Syracuse University Centralization of Power in the Head of State: A Comparative Perspective on Autocracy

10:45 AM

Break

Panel IB: Politics, Populism, and Institutions Paquin, Stéphane, PhD, Political Science, ENAP Is Globalization Guilty? Cognitive Biases and the Rise of Populism in Canada & the United States

11:00 AM

Meyer, Brett, PhD, Senior Policy Advisor the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, U.K. Divisive but Effective: How Populists have Outperformed Expectations though effective Policy Delivery and how their Opponents can respond Hudson, Alexander, PhD, et al, International IDEA, Sweden The Shifting Center of Democracy: Countervailing Institutions Outside the State Hasager, Ulla, PhD, Director of Civic Engagement for College of Social Sciences, UH Manoa Institutions and Communities of Transformation: Facing Capacious Issues and Educating for Democracy

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Thursday, October 26

12:30 PM

All Events in Thomas Hale Hamilton Library, Room 301

Lunch (provided at workshop)

Panel II: Managing Information, Technology, & Public Diplomacy in Liberal Democracies Oppegaard, Brett, School of Communication and Information, UH Mānoa Rados, Krista, Digital Journalist and Producer, Hawaiʻi Public Radio Newspapers Aren’t Coming Back: The Search for Small-Town Journalistic Successors

2:00 PM

Coleman, Cynthia-Lou, PhD, Journalism and Mass Communication, Portland State How Indigenous Viewpoints in Social Discourse Strengthen Pluralism Omorogbe, Phil, JD, Law, ENGR Solutions (AI Consulting Agency) Arming the Masses for Misinformation: Artificial Intelligence, UserGenerated Deepfakes, and the Next Frontier in Voter Manipulation in Canada Longo, Justin, PhD, Public Policy, University of Regina Artificial Intelligence and Regulatory Responses to a Possible Future for Elections

3:30 PM

Break

Panel III: Youth Navigating a Divisive and Changing World Moderated by: Franco Ng, Managing Director, Porte Global; Advisory Director, Thrive Refuge 4:00 PM

Panelists: Ray Zhang, Senior, West Point Grey Academy Isabelle Wang, Junior, West Point Grey Academy Georges Gave, Junior, Shawnigan Lake School Desi Shaw, Junior, Shawnigan Lake School

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Thursday, October 26 5:15 PM

Walk (10 mins) to College Hill (Frank T. Atherton House)

5:30 PM

Welcome Reception at Frank C. Atherton House, Official President’s Residence, College Hill

7:30 PM

Evening Free to Explore Honolulu

Friday, October 27

All Events in Thomas Hale Hamilton Library, Room 301

Panel IV: The View from Canada Bohonos, Danielle, PhD Candidate in Political Science, University of Toronto Populism in Canada: Elite Rhetoric and the 2022 Freedom Convoy

8:45 AM

Young, Lisa, PhD, Political Science, University of Calgary Loleen Berdahl, Political Science, University of Saskatchewan & Executive Director of the Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy Climate, Covid-19, and Western Canada’s Populist Challenge to Canadian Democracy Plouffe-Malette, Kristine, LL.D., Faculty of Law, Université of Sherbrooke The renegotiation of the Safe Third Country Agreement between Canada and the United States: towards a more orderly system? Holland, Kenneth, PhD, O.P. Jindal Global University, India Julie Holland, Ed.D., American University of Afghanistan The Joint Effort by Canada and the United States to Build a Democracy in Afghanistan: Lessons Learned for Future Cooperation in Democratic Nation-Building

10:15 AM

Break

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Friday, October 27

All Events in Thomas Hale Hamilton Library, Room 301

Panel V: The View from the United States Martin, Pierre, PhD, Political Science, Université de Montréal Assessing the American Democratic Malaise

10:30 AM

Gagnon, Frédérick, PhD, Political Science, University of Québec in Montreal Healing U.S. Democracy without Rekindling the ‘American Dream.’ Mission Impossible? McMahon, Kevin J., PhD, Political Science, Trinity College The Great Exaggeration: America’s Enduring Democracy Hallett, Brien, PhD, Political Science, UH Manoa, Institute of Peace Democracy and War: The Incapacity of Congress and Parliament to Declare War

12:00 PM

Lunch (provided at workshop)

Panel VI: Global Perspectives Mariara, Jane, PhD, Executive Director, Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP), Kenya Countering polarization in development policy dialogues and research by promoting the inclusion of developing country scholars

1:00 PM

James D. Long, PhD, Political Science, University of Washington Anderson, C. Leigh, PhD, Economics, University of Washington Food Security and Democratic Backsliding in sub-Saharan Africa O’Brien, Robert, PhD, Political Science, McMaster University Addressing the Democratic Climate Deficit Giang, Vivian, PhD Candidate, Anthropology & Engineering, University of Alberta Dr. J. Uluwehi Hopkins, PhD, History, University of Hawaiʻi – West Oʻahu Free, Prior, Informed and Continued Consent: A conceptual framework

2:30 PM

Next Steps & Closing of Authors’ Workshop Michael Hawes, Chris Kirkey, & Denise Konan

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Friday, October 27 Canada Colloquium IV Town Hall on Challenges to Democracy

All Events in Campus Center Ballroom, UH Mānoa

VIP Reception Master of Ceremonies: Bernadette Baraquio, Creative Director, College of Social Sciences, UH Mānoa Welcome Remarks: Dr. David Lassner, President of the University of Hawaiʻi 5:00 PM6:30 PM

Speakers: Denise Eby Konan, Dean of the College of Social Sciences at UH Mānoa Michael Hawes, President and CEO of Fulbright Canada Entertainment: Hoku Zuttermeister, performing the music of Hawai'i in a more contemporary style with roots that stretch back generations

Town Hall Welcome Remarks: Michael Hawes, President and CEO of Fulbright Canada Denise Eby Konan, Dean of the College of Social Sciences at UH Mānoa Chris Kirkey, Director of the Center for the Study of Canada at SUNY Plattsburgh

6:30 PM8:30 PM

Moderator: Colin Moore, Associate Professor of UHERO; Program Director, PACE at the Matsunaga Institute for Peace, UH Mānoa Panelists: Davianna Pōmaikaʻi McGregor, Professor Emerita, Dept. of Ethnic Studies, UH Mānoa Rana Sarkar, Consul General of Canada in San Francisco, United States Jane Mariara, Executive Director, Partnership for Economic Policy, Nairobi The public will have an opportunity to ask questions to the panelists

Saturday, October 28 All Day

Participants Departure

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COLLOQUIUM CO-CONVENERS This international scholarly colloquium is a partnership between the Foundation for Educational Exchange between Canada and the United States of America, the Center for the Study of Canada at the State University of New York College at Plattsburgh, and the College of Social Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. Fulbright Canada is a bi-national, treaty-based, nongovernmental, not-for-profit organization with a mandate to identify excellence and engage people in international educational and academic exchange in Canada and the United States of America. Fulbright Canada is firmly committed to elevating the value of education, specifically learning abroad, collaborative research, and the importance of fostering mutual crosscultural understanding for the people, communities, and networks engaging with our programs.

Marked by leadership, excellence and innovation, the College of Social Sciences (CSS) at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa provides students with a culturally diverse experience that transforms them into bold, engaged global citizens who affect change, break down barriers, touch lives and succeed in a multi-cultural context. Its studentcentered environment is dedicated to providing students with a vibrant academic climate that affords exciting, intense interaction among students and faculty as they address fundamental questions about human behaviour, and it prepares students to become leaders in public and private enterprises throughout Hawai‘i and Asia.

The Center for the Study of Canada at the State University of New York at Plattsburgh, established in 1975, is dedicated to promoting and providing comprehensive scholarly professional development programs on Canada to academic, government and business constituents in the United States.

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MEET THE CO-CONVENORS Dr. Michael K. Hawes President and Chief Executive Officer, Fulbright Canada Dr. Michael Hawes is a professor of political science, a tireless advocate of international education, and a proud alumnus of the Fulbright program. He assumed the leadership of Fulbright Canada in September of 2001 and has had the privilege of directing the program through some very exciting times, including the challenges stemming from the global health emergency. He is President and Chief Executive Officer of the Foundation for Educational Exchange between Canada and the United States of America and Executive Director of Fulbright Canada. Under his direction, Fulbright Canada has witnessed dramatic growth in its programs and in the number of students and scholars that the program supports. In 1985 he joined the Department of Political Studies at Queen's University in Kingston. He has also taught political risk assessment and cross-cultural negotiation in the Queen's School of Business. During the 1999-2000 academic year Michael was the J. William Fulbright Distinguished Professor of International and Area Studies at the University of California at Berkeley and the John A. Sproul Senior Research Fellow in Canadian Studies. In the Spring of 2010, he was Visiting Research Chair and Professor at the Center for Public Diplomacy in the Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California. He has also held posts as Visiting Scholar at the Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico in Mexico City, Visiting Professor in the Political Science Department at the University of British Columbia, Visiting Research Fellow at the Swedish Institute for International Affairs in Stockholm, Visiting Professor of International Political Economy at Tsukuba University in Japan, and, on several occasions, Visiting Professor of International Political Economy at the International University of Japan in Niigata Japan. Michael holds a Ph.D. in political science from York University in Toronto, an M.A. in international affairs from the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs at Carleton University, and a B.A.H in economics and history from the University of Toronto. He has published widely on foreign policy, political culture, international economic relations, regional integration, and related subjects. He has also sat on a number of national advisory committees and on ministerial advisory boards. His most recent book, 1968 in Canada: A Year and its Legacies, co-edited with Andy Holman and Christopher Kirkey, was released by the University of Ottawa Press in April 2021. Other recent books include Canada’s Public Diplomacy (co-edited with Nicholas Cull and published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2020) and Canadian Foreign Policy in a Unipolar World (co-edited with Christopher Kirkey and published by Oxford University Press in 2018). In addition, he has been a guest editor for several recent special issues of refereed journals, including the London Journal of Canadian Studies, featuring scholarly works on inclusion and diversity, which was released in 2019; the American Review of Canadian Studies special issue on Canada, the United States, and Indigenous People (49.2, 2019), and a special issue of the Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (Volume 18.1, 2012). On May 14, 2016, Professor Hawes was awarded the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters (Honoris Causa) from the State University of New York and delivered the commencement address at the SUNY Plattsburgh graduation ceremonies. On June 6, 2018, Professor Hawes was awarded the degree of Doctor of Letters (Honoris Causa) from Vancouver Island University and delivered the commencement address at the Faculty of Education and Science and Technology ceremony. In September of 2021, Dr. Hawes was appointed as a Fellow of Massey College at the University of Toronto.

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Dr. Christopher Kirkey Director of the Center for the Study of Canada and Institute on Quebec Studies at State University of New York College at Plattsburgh

Christopher Kirkey is Director of the Center for the Study of Canada and Institute on Quebec Studies at State University of New York at Plattsburgh. A scholar of comparative foreign policy and international relations theory, he has been a professor at Bridgewater State University (19932001), Columbia University (2002-2012), and SUNY Plattsburgh (2002-Present). Recent works include (with Richard Nimijean) The Construction of Canadian Identity from Abroad (2022, Palgrave Macmillan); the co-edited 2020 issue on Quebec (with Frédérick Guillaume Dufour) of the Journal of Eastern Townships Studies [Vol.50 Fall 2022]; (with Michael Hawes and Andrew Holman) Canada in 1968: A Year and its Legacies (2021, University of Ottawa Mercury Series); the book chapter (with Hawes) “The Trump Administration and Canada: America First,” in Timothy M. Gill, ed., The Future of U.S. Empire in the Americas (Routledge, 2020); the Autumn 2019 co-edited special issue (with Hawes) of the London Journal of Canadian Studies; the June 2019 special issue (co- edited with Hawes, Konan, and Chun) of the American Review of Canadian Studies [Vol.49 No.2] on “Indigenous Peoples: Sovereignty, Sustainability, and Reconciliation;” Canadian Foreign Policy in a Unipolar World (co-edited with Hawes) [Oxford University Press, 2017]; “The Quebec Election of April 2014: Initial Impressions,” London Journal of Canadian Studies (Vol.32 December 2017); a second edition (co-edited with Gervais and Rudy) of Quebec Questions: Quebec Studies in the Twenty-First Century [Oxford University Press, 2016]; the co-edited June 2016 special issue (with Stéphane Paquin and Stéphane Roussel) on “Quebec and the World” of the American Review of Canadian Studies [Vol.46 No.2]; the Winter 2015-2016 special issue (co-edited with Gervais and Rudy) of Québec Studies; the co-edited special issue (with Tony McCulloch) of the British Journal of Canadian Studies [Vol.28 Issue 2, September 2015]; and, “Systemic Forces and Canadian Foreign Policy,” (with Michael Hawes) in Readings in Canadian Foreign Policy: Classic Debates and New Ideas [Oxford University Press, 2015]. He is currently working on several book projects (co-edited and sole authored). Dr. Kirkey serves on the editorial board of the American Review of Canadian Studies, the International Journal of Canadian Studies, and the London Journal of Canadian Studies. He is co-editor of the Journal of Eastern Townships Studies, and serves as Past President of the Association for Canadian Studies in the United States (ACSUS).

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Dr. Denise Eby Konan Dean of the College of Social Sciences and Professor of Economics at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Dr. Denise Eby Konan is Dean of the College of Social Sciences and Professor of Economics at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. As Dean, she provides leadership to 11 academic departments that deliver nearly a fifth of the degrees offered on campus. A destination of choice for students who want to affect change, break down barriers, touch lives and study in a multi-cultural and global environment, the College provides a culturally diverse experience that transforms students into bold, engaged global citizens operating and succeeding in a multi-cultural context. A noted international trade economist, Dr. Konan has worked extensively in Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. She has been a consultant to the World Bank, the Council of Foreign Relations, the Arab League, and the governments of Egypt, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. Dr. Konan publishes on issues of regional economic integration, trade in services, intellectual property rights, foreign direct investment and energy. She is President of the Hawaiʻi Asia Pacific Institute and the Northeast Asian Economic Forum, which advances socio-economic dialog in the region. In addition, she serves on the Palau Economic Advisory Group for the President of Palau. Dr. Konan is a Research Fellow at the UH Economic Research Organization and founding Director of the Center for Sustainable Coastal Tourism at the UH Sea Grant College Program. She also serves as the academic lead for the University’s Daniel K. Inouye (DKI) Democratic Leadership Program. The DKI Program advances public awareness of U.S. history and government, public service leadership, democratic ideals and global awareness through visiting and resident experts, communications programs and exhibits, public engagement and educational programs – particularly for K-12 – as well as lectures and other civic engagement efforts. An award-winning teacher, Dr. Konan is a Leadership Fellow with Science Education for New Civic Engagement and Responsibility (SENCER) under which Hawai’i was recognized as a SENCER Model State in 2015. Under Dr. Konan’s leadership the College has capitalized upon its successes and strengths, resulting in continued national and international attention. The College was recently recognized for its leadership in sustainability by being named a host by the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education’s Centers for Sustainability Across the Curriculum. Dr. Konan has also spearheaded the organizational groundwork at UH Mānoa for the College to become an “international contribution project” at the Council for Better Corporate Citizenship, a public-interestincorporated association established by the Keidanren business federation in Japan. The Japan-Hawaiʻi Socio-Economic Innovation Initiative seeks to integrate Nikkei, Hawaiian and U.S. cultural perspectives into a dynamic learning platform based on academic/research discover and international collaboration. It spotlights four hallmark programs designed to promote a stronger understanding of global socioeconomic issues while embracing a model of corporate social responsibility. Dr. Konan is also a driving force behind the launch of a workforce development program in the fastgrowing field of national intelligence. With her guidance, the College established a program that provides UH Mānoa students with the opportunity to network and mentor with industry experts from Hawaiʻi-based firms, while gaining a first-hand look at this sector. Dr. Konan served for two years as the Interim Chancellor and for three years as the Assistant Vice Chancellor of UH Mānoa. She received her undergraduate degree from Goshen College and doctorate from the University of Colorado.

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THANK YOU TO OUR SPONSORS

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THANK YOU

CONTACT Fulbright Canada 350 Albert St. Suite 2015, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Phone: +1 613.688.5540 Email: info@fulbright.ca Website: fulbright.ca @FulbrightCanada

Appendix A:

MEET THE AUTHORS Leigh Anderson Leigh Anderson is the Marc Lindenberg Professor for Humanitarian Action, International Development, and Global Citizenship at the Evans School of Public Policy and Governance at the University of Washington in Seattle, WA. An economist by training, her current research focuses on rural poverty and agriculture, and how market and policy institutions affect individual decision-making. Anderson teaches courses in economics, statistics, and international economic development. In 2007 Anderson founded and still directs the Evans School Policy Analysis and Research Group (EPAR), who work on a range of topics focused on agricultural measurement and evaluation in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. EPAR works to improve the accessibility and utility of agricultural data through publicly available code, technical reports and visualizations. EPAR is building a new multidisciplinary Center on Risk and Inclusion in Food Systems (CRIFS) that will work with external partners to better understand and support small-scale producer climate adaptation. EPAR’s research is primarily supported by the Agricultural Development and Gender Equality teams at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Anderson previously taught at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has also been a visiting researcher at the University of California at Berkeley, Lahore University of Management Sciences in Pakistan, Renmin University of China in Beijing, and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. Anderson is a recipient of the University of Washington’s Excellence in Teaching Award and the UW’s Department of Economics Henry T. Buechel Award for outstanding undergraduate teaching.

Loleen Berdahl Loleen Berdahl is the Executive Director of the Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy at the Universities of Saskatchewan and Regina, and Professor of Political Studies at the University Saskatchewan. Her research area is Canadian politics, with an emphasis on western Canada, federalism, and public attitudes.

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Danielle Bohonos Danielle Bohonos is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Political Science at the University of Toronto and a Research Fellow in the Policy, Election, and Representation Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy. She did her master’s and bachelor’s studies in political science at McGill University. Danielle's research involves the rise of far-right and populist movements in Canada and the network that connects these ideas across North America more broadly. Her other research interests include rural resentment, western alienation, and the decline in trust in political institutions.

Cynthia-Lou Coleman Cynthia-Lou Coleman, PhD, is Professor Emerita of communication at Portland State University (Oregon, USA), where she studies how discourse frames science, environmental, health and risk policies that impact North American Indigenous communities. Her 2020 book, Environmental Clashes on Native American Land (Palgrave Macmillan), examines pseudoscience, phrenology, racism,and unearthing of the 9000year-old skeleton called Kennewick Man. Dr. Coleman has held fellowships with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and with the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian. In 2019 she was named the Fulbright Canada Jarislowsky Foundation Visiting Research Chair in Aboriginal Studies at Vancouver Island University. Dr. Coleman is an enrolled member of the Osage (Wahzhazhe) Nation.

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Richard Samuel Deese Richard Samuel Deese is a Senior Lecturer for the Division of Social Sciences at Boston University. He grew up in Claremont, California and studied history at the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Oregon, and Boston University. He has previously held teaching appointments at Nanjing University, Los Angeles City College, the University of California at Riverside, and Northeastern University. Deese is the author of We Are Amphibians: Julian and Aldous Huxley on the Future of Our Species (2015), Surf Music (2017), Climate Change and the Future of Democracy (2019), The Mirror & the Monkey (2022), and he is the co-editor of How Democracy Survives: Global Challenges in the Anthropocene (2023). His research interests include the influence of Malthusian thought on the evolution of environmental discourse after World War Two, and the multiplying challenges to democratic norms and institutions in the Anthropocene.

David M. Driesen Professor David M. Driesen is the 13th University Professor ever appointed at Syracuse University. His research focuses on constitutional law, environmental law, and law and economics. He filled the Distinguished Fulbright Chair in Environmental Law and Economics at the University of Ottawa in 2022. His most recent book, The Specter of Dictatorship: Judicial Enabling of Presidential Power, examines how heads of state wield executive power to undermine democracies. Professor Driesen has also written The Economic Dynamics of Law (Cambridge University Press), The Economic Dynamics of Environmental Law (MIT Press)—which won the Lynton Keith Caldwell Award—, and the textbook, Environmental Law: A Conceptual and Pragmatic Approach (Aspen/Kluwer, with Robert Adler and Kirstin Engel). He has also published two edited volumes: Economic Thought and U.S. Climate Change Policy (MIT Press) and Beyond Environmental Law: Policy Proposals for a Better Future (Cambridge University Press with Alyson Flournoy). He has published numerous articles with leading journals. Professor Driesen joined the Syracuse University College of Law faculty in 1995. He was a Visiting Scholar at the Harvard Law School, a Visiting Professor at the Buchman School of Law in Tel Aviv, the Distinguished Summer Scholar at Vermont Law School, and a Visiting Professor at the University of Michigan Law School. He holds a Juris Doctor degree from the Yale Law School. He served as an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council’s air an energy program before entering academe.

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Frédérick Gagnon Frédérick Gagnon is full professor of political science, Holder of the Raoul Dandurand Chair in Strategic and Diplomatic Studies, and Director of the Center for United States Studies and of the Center on Multidimensional Conflicts at Université du Québec à Montreal. A Global Fellow at Wilson Center’s Canada Institute, he has published books on Donald Trump’s foreign policy, U.S. political institutions, the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the U.S. Congress, international relations after 9/11, Hollywood movies and the U.S. national security state, and theories of U.S. foreign policy. An expert of Canada-U.S. and Québec-U.S. relations, his articles have appeared in journals such as Foreign Policy Analysis, Intelligence and National Security, Études 24 internationales, Canadian Review of American Studies, European Review of American Studies, Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, Québec Studies, and Politiqueaméricaine. He was Visiting Fulbright Chair at SUNY-Plattsburgh and UC Berkeley (2014-2015), Fulbright grantee at UMASS-Amherst (2005), Junior Scholar at Wilson Center’s Canada Institute and at the Center for American Politics and Citizenship of the University of Maryland (2006), Visiting Scholar at the Center for Canadian-American Studies of Western Washington University (2008), and Visiting Professor at Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas (2023).

Vivian Giang Vivian Giang is a communications professional who is passionate about engaging with people and communities. She is pursuing interdisciplinary doctoral studies in anthropology and engineering through the University of Alberta’s Future Energy Systems research initiative. Her doctoral research aims to inform and develop equitable community engagement processes and communication frameworks for approaching renewable energy development responsibly and sustainably while respecting Indigenous rights. Her studies have been supported by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Joseph-Armand Bombardier CGS-D Scholarship, and she recently completed her Fulbright experience at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. Vivian is past president of the United Nations Association in Canada Edmonton Branch, a 2019 Action Canada/Public Policy Forum Fellow and a 2022 National Geographic Explorer. She also works for the University of Alberta Geotechnical Centre as a communications and grant strategist and event coordinator. In addition, she is an instructor for MacEwan University's Bachelor of Communication Studies program and the University of Victoria's Diploma in Public Relations program. Prior to the University of Alberta, Vivian studied at MacEwan University (Canada), Royal Roads University (Canada), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (Germany) and Kyushu Women’s University (Japan).

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Brien Hallett Brien Hallett is a Professor at the Matsunaga Institute for Peace at the University of Hawai'i. He graduated with a BA from Coe College and took his PhD in Political Science from the University of Hawai'i. His primary research interest is the declaring of war, in general, and the neglected constitutional power of the United States Congress to declare war, in particular. The initial results of his research was published in, The Lost Art of Declaring War (University of Illinois Press, 1998), Declaring War (Cambridge University Press, 2012), and Nurturing the Imperial Presidency (Brill, 2021). He is currently working on a fourth book tentatively entitled, Why the Congress Cannot Declare War.

Ulla Hasager Ulla Hasager is Director of Civic Engagement for the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa’s College of Social Sciences (CSS). She oversees academic community engagement for students and faculty in CSS and leads engaged curriculum creation, as well as professional and program development across communities, institutions, and disciplines. At the university level, she serves as a leading engagement scholar. Dr. Hasager teaches Ethnic Studies and general Social Sciences courses and combines her research with active engagement in human and environmental rights issues. She worked for several years through the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs which has consultative status with the United Nations. Decades of experience working in local, national, and global contexts - theoretically, in the classroom, in the field, and with faculty professional development - has led to a strong emphasis on engagement for social change. Nationally, she works with organizations such as the American Association for Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) and the Science Education for New Civic Engagements and Responsibilities (SENCER) initiative. As co-director of SENCER Center for Innovation West, and the SENCER Hawaiʻi leader, she is involved in several joint projects with prominent researchers and practitioners across the US. Globally, she is involved in an ongoing joint project focused on the potential of engaged pedagogies in strengthening civic-mindedness and a culture of democracy among students and in our communities. Dr. Hasager was raised in Denmark, but now has a large Native Hawaiian family and lives in Kane'ohe on the Island of Oʻahu.

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Kenneth Holland Kenneth Holland earned a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Chicago and master’s degree in Government from the University of Virginia.He is Professor of Law and Dean (Academics, Research and International Programs) at O. P. Jindal Global University in India and President Emeritus of the American University of Afghanistan. He has held academic appointments at the University of Wisconsin, University of Vermont, University of Memphis, Kansas State University and Ball State University in the United States. He was a Fulbright Professor at Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, a Fulbright Specialist at the Yangon School of Political Science in Myanmar, a Research Fellow at the Australian National University and the University of Iowa and Visiting Professor at the University of Calgary. He has managed higher education development projects funded by the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, U.S. Department of State and United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Russia, Mongolia, Myanmar, and Cambodia. He is a specialist in reforming universities in countries influenced by the Soviet model of higher education. He is a scholar of U.S.-Pakistan relations and Pakistan’s democratic transition and was recently awarded a Fulbright Specialist Grant to assist Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, Pakistan. He is a Past President of the Association for Canadian Studies in the United States.

Alexander Hudson Dr Alexander Hudson is a Senior Adviser in the Democracy Assessment Unit of International IDEA’s Global Programmes in Stockholm. As part of the team that produces the Global State of Democracy Indices and Global State of Democracy report, Hudson leads data collection, analysis and visualization work. Prior to joining International IDEA in 2021, Hudson was a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity in Göttingen, Germany. He has also worked for the University of Texas at Austin, the Comparative Constitutions Project, and the Centre for International Governance Innovation, and taught at the undergraduate level in Brazil, Canada, Germany, and the United States of America. His research has been published by Cambridge University Press, and by journals including Comparative Politics, Democratization, Electoral Studies, and Political Research Quarterly.

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James Long James D. Long is a Professor of Professor of Political Science, Co-founder of the Political Economy Forum, and an Adjunct Professor of Public Policy at the University of Washington. He is a faculty affiliate at the University of Washington’s Center for Statistics and the Social Science, Technology and Social Change Group, and African Studies Program; and UC Berkeley’s Center for Effective Global Action and Evidence in Governance & Politics. He researches democracy and governance, corruption, statebuilding, and the political economy of development in Africa and South Asia; and hosted the “Neither Free Nor Fair” podcast on election security in the US and globally. His research has been funded by USAID, National Science Foundation, Qualcomm, University of Washington, University of California, Development and Conflict Research, and the US Institute of Peace. Previously, James was an Academy Scholar at the Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies, a Jennings Randolph Peace Scholar at the US Institute of Peace, and a Fulbright Scholar to Uganda. He received his PhD in Political Science from UC San Diego, an MSc (with merit) in African Politics from the School of Oriental & African Studies at the University of London; and a BA (with high honors) in History and International Relations from the College of William & Mary.

Justin Longo Justin Longo is an Associate Professor in the Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy at the University of Regina, and former Research Chair in Digital Governance. He has a PhD in public policy and public administration from the University of Victoria (2013) where he researched the use of enterprise social collaboration platforms inside government policy analysis settings. Following postdoctoral work in open governance at the GovLab@NYU and Arizona State University, his current research focuses on the social, organizational, and political implications of advancing technology. Recent work in public sector use of artificial intelligence (from application adjudication to the use of AI in knowledge synthesis and supporting decision making) and the regulation of private sector use of facial recognition technology, the acceleration of digital era technologies provides a rich background to survey the changing landscape of public governance and administration. Additional research areas include the impact of the “sharing economy” on social and governance arrangements, opportunities for big data to augment policy analysis towards policy analytics, new ways of organizing and undertaking work, and the evolving relationship between citizens and the state.

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Jane Mariara Prof. Jane Mariara is the Executive Director (ED) of the Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) and is responsible for institutional development, fundraising and long-term sustainability, and delivery of all of PEP’s commitments. Since taking on the role of ED in 2016, Jane has been instrumental in strengthening and diversifying both PEP’s engagement with donors and partner organisations worldwide, as well as PEP’s service offering. Jane extends the extensive global experience in policy research analysis to the Central Bank of Kenya’s Monetary Policy Committee. Jane has previously held several senior positions at the University of Nairobi, with the most recent as a full professor of Economics and the Director of the School Economics. Overall, she has over 30 years’ experience in teaching, research and management. Jane has also held numerous advisory roles in local, regional and international academic circles. Currently, she is a member of the Innovations for Poverty Action Board of Directors, the President of the African Society of Ecological Economists (ASEE), and a member of the Club of Rome’s Earth4All 21st Century Transformational Economics Commission. She is an integral member of the international scientific community and a thought-leader in development economics, having authored multiple journal papers, books, monographs, policy briefs, working papers and mimeos. Jane holds a PhD, MA, and BA degrees in Economics from the University of Nairobi.

Pierre Martin Pierre Martin (Ph.D., Northwestern, 1991) is a professor of political science at the Université de Montréal and a research associate at CÉRIUM (the UdeM’s center for international studies), where he specializes in U.S. politics and policy. He has been a Fulbright Fellow twice, first as the Mackenzie King visiting professor of Canadian Studies at Harvard and then as a visiting fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, in Washington, D.C. His work center on U.S. politics, international relations, international political economy and public opinion analysis. Since 2015, he writes a weekly column, mostly on US and international politics, in the Journal de Montréal and the Journal de Québec, whose combined circulation is one of the largest of all Canadian newspapers. For many years before, he was a guest columnist for the Toronto Star and a frequent contributor to Oxford Analytica. He is the author or editor of several books, including Le système politique américain (Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 2013) and L’Amérique sous tension: un regard sur les années Trump (Éditions du Journal, 2022). In real life, he is an avid scuba diver, an active water polo player and a long-distance openwater swimmer.

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Kevin J. McMahon Kevin J. McMahon is the John R. Reitemeyer Professor of Political Science at Trinity College in Hartford, CT. His most recent book, A Supreme Court Unlike Any Other: The Deepening Divide between the Justices & the People, will be published by the University of Chicago Press in 2024. In 2014, his book, Nixon’s Court: His Challenge to Judicial Liberalism and Its Political Consequences (Chicago, 2011), won the rarely-awarded Erwin N. Griswold Book Prize from the Supreme Court Historical Society. Nixon's Court was also chosen as a 2012 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title. Professor McMahon’s first book, Reconsidering Roosevelt on Race: How the Presidency Paved the Road to Brown (Chicago, 2004), won the American Political Science Association’s Richard E. Neustadt Award for the best book published that year on the American presidency. He is also the co-author/co-editor of three books on the presidency and presidential elections and the author of numerous book chapters and journal articles.

Brett Meyer Dr. Brett Meyer is a Senior Policy Advisor at the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change (TBI). His work focuses on three areas: populist leaders around the world and their policies, voting behavior in advanced democracies, and attitudes around climate change in advanced democracies. Dr. Meyer maintains TBI’s Populists in Power database, which has been cited in several academic and journalistic publications. In addition to several policy reports and short pieces, he has published op-eds in Newsweek and Le Monde. He was a guest on Fareed Zakaria’s CNN show Global Public Sphere in May 2021, where he discussed populist leaders’ responses to Covid-19. Prior to joining TBI, Dr. Meyer was a post-doctoral fellow in the Government Department at the London School of Economics. He received his Ph.D in political science from Columbia University in 2015 with a dissertation on labor market institutions and politics across advanced democracies, which included papers on how technological change affected trade unions, how trade union strength affected demand for minimum wages, and how labor market regulations and trade union strength combined to affect voting behavior. His academic articles have been published in Journal of Public Policy, Research and Politics, Socio-Economic Review, and World Politics.

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Robert O’Brien Robert O’Brien is Professor of Political Science and former director of the Institute on Globalization at McMaster University in Canada. He holds a PhD from York University (Canada), an MSc. in International Relations from the London School of Economics and a BA (Hons) in Political Science from Carleton University. Prior to joining McMaster, he was a lecturer in International Relations at the University of Sussex. Professor O’Brien’s teaching and research interests are in the fields of international political economy, global governance, global civil society, and the political economy of climate change. His most recent research monograph is Labour Internationalism in the Global South: The SIGTUR Initiative. Previous books include: Solidarity First: Canadian Workers and Social Cohesion and Contesting Global Governance: Multilateral Economic Institutions and Global Social Movements. The seventh edition of his co-authored textbook Global Political Economy: Evolution and Dynamics will be published by Bloomsbury in 2024. Previous editions have been translated into Bangla, Chinese, Greek, and Turkish. O’Brien’s articles have appeared in the Canadian Journal of Political Science, Journal of World Trade, Review of International Political Economy, Global Labour Journal, Journal of Human Rights, Global Social Policy, and Review of International Studies. Professor O’Brien is a founding and consulting editor of the online open access Global Labour Journal and former co-editor of the journal Global Social Policy. In 2021-2022 he held the Fulbright Canada Research Chair in Public Diplomacy at the University of Southern California investigating climate internationalism and future climate change scenarios.

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Phil Omorogbe Phil Omorogbe is a corporate attorney and business strategist with a keen interest and fervor for artificial intelligence technology and its regulation. He holds a Juris Doctor (JD) and MBA from the University of Toronto and has a diverse legal background encompassing US constitutional and bankruptcy law, corporate transactional and financing law, and a growing focus on emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence. Over the course of his career, Phil has worked at global law firms, including Proskauer Rose, Kirkland & Ellis, and Cooley LLP, where he led and supported numerous high-value transactions involving new technologies and multinational regulations. Notably, he provided counsel to the US government entity overseeing Puerto Rico's historic $120 billion municipal debt restructuring, the largest in US history, and represented private equity and venture capital funds. Currently, Phil Omorogbe serves as Counsel for Legal & Business Affairs at ENGR Solutions, a burgeoning Artificial Intelligence and Software Consultancy. In this capacity, he plays a pivotal role in guiding the company and its clients through the evolving landscape of regulations governing the use and implementation of AI-powered systems. Additionally, Phil serves as an advisor in legal, growth, and regulatory strategy to artificial intelligence startups and entrepreneurs. Phil's research delves into the profound impact of AI-driven deepfake technology on election misinformation in Canada. Deepfakes, with their unparalleled capacity to deceive, pose significant threats, including the distortion of voter perceptions and increased polarization. As AI continues to advance, the creation of deepfakes becomes increasingly accessible to ordinary individuals, thereby challenging Canada's electoral misinformation regulations, which currently exempt single users.

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Brett Oppegaard Brett Oppegaard, Ph.D., researches media-production processes and products at intersections of Technical Communication, Rhetoric, Human-Computer Interaction, Disability Studies, Digital Inequalities, and Journalism. He primarily studies those interests within mobile contexts, including creating novel research tools through interactive mobile media, mobile apps, and mobile technologies. He teaches about multimedia production, media accessibility, and media literacy, integrating his two primary areas of scholarly expertise: Media Accessibility and Locative Media. Before academia, he worked for more than a decade as a staff newspaper writer, including as an arts critic, in the Portland, OR, area. He also has worked with a variety of publications as a freelance writer, including the largest daily newspaper in the Pacific Northwest (The Oregonian), the largest daily newspaper in Hawai’i (The Honolulu-Star Advertiser), and Hawai’i’s top digital-news organization (Civil Beat). He has earned the tenured rank of full Professor and has been the Program Director of UH’s Journalism program since Fall 2019. His research has been supported by the U.S. National Park Service, the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities, the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts, and Google, among others.

Stéphane Paquin Stéphane Paquin is tenured professor at the École nationale d’administration publique (ENAP) where he is the director of the CIRRICQ (Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur les relations internationales du Canada et du Québec). He has received numerous awards, including a Canada research Chair in international and Comparative Political Economy, a Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Québec Studies, State University of New York at Plattsburgh. He was also selected in 2008 in the International Visitor Leadership Program of the US government. In 2014, he was the President of the local organizing committee of the World congress of political science Montréal-2014 (IPSA).He has taught in many universities including Northwestern University in Chicago and Sciences Po in Paris He has written, co-written or edited 35 books including Theories of International Political Economy (Toronto, Oxford University Press 2015) and many more books and articles about paradiplomacy and the international relations of noncentral governments. He has also published in several journals like International Journal, International Negotiation, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, Nationalism & Ethnic Politics, Canadian Journal of Political Science, Revue canadienne d'administration publique, Revue internationale de politique comparée and Études internationales.

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Kristine Plouffe-Malette Kristine Plouffe-Malette is an adjunct professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Sherbrooke, and a member of the Quebec Bar. She was awarded the Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Quebec Studies 2023-2024. She holds doctorates in law from the University of Sherbrooke and Laval University, as well as degrees in law and political science from Quebec and France, and several fellowships from the FRQSC (Quebec) and SSHRC (Canada). She is co-editor of the Revue québécoise de droit international and co-editor of the Presses de la Société québécoise de droit international. Her research focuses on international and national human rights law, refugee law, contemporary forms of slavery, human trafficking, and migration. She has published two books published by Bruylant in Brussels, entitled Protection des victimes de traite des êtres humains. Approches internationales et européennes et Moralité publique. Des droits de la personne au droit de l’OMC.

Krista Rados Krista Rados is a digital journalist and producer on Oʻahu, with a focus on uplifting community news with her role at Hawaiʻi Public Radio. With family roots embedded in the islands, Rados moved to Honolulu in 2018 to attend the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and pursue Bachelor’s degrees in both Anthropology and Journalism. During her time at UH, she served as the Editor-In-Chief of Ka Leo O Hawaiʻi, the campus’s only student newspaper, and earned several awards for her journalistic achievements. With a grant from the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program in 2022, Rados and her co-researcher Dr. Brett Oppegaard wrote a paper looking at Molokaʻi’s traditional and nontraditional news landscape after performing an immersive cultural analysis of a community largely grown on the ‘coconut wireless,’ or passage of verbal news.

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Lisa Young Lisa Young, PhD, is Professor of Political Science at the University of Calgary. She has published extensively in the field of Canadian politics, authoring/co-authoring several books, including Rebuilding Canadian Party Politics, Feminists and Party Politics, and Advocacy Groups. Her current research projects focus on Alberta politics and the place of Alberta and Saskatchewan in the Canadian federation. She appears frequently in the media commenting on Alberta and Canadian politics and she has written about Alberta politics for Alberta Views magazine, The Tyee, The Conversation Canada, and on her substack “What Now? An Alberta Politics Newsletter.” From 2011 to 2018, she served as Vice-Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies at the University of Calgary.

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Appendix B:

MEET THE YOUTH PANEL Jonathan Kong Managing Director Porte Global & Director of the Advisory Board, Youth Forum for Asian Representation

An active member of the Vancouver community since a young age, Jonathan grew up passionate about community service and has been recognized for his ability in bridging different constituents together for the greater good. In 2022, he was named a finalist for Fulbright Canada’s Post-Covid Challenge for his initiative in tackling antiAsian racism. He has also been an advisory director of Thrive Refuge, a student non-profit, which supported the successful evacuation and relocation of a Ukrainian student to Canada in 2023. As Managing Director at Porte, Jonathan collaborates closely with educational institution leaders, emphasizing the importance of promoting civic engagement and corporate citizenship. Leveraging his extensive background in university administration, he actively advances Asia-Pacific strategies for Canadian institutions.

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Franco Ng Managing Director, Porte Global & Chair of the Advisory Board, Youth Forum for Asian Representation

Recognized as one of British Columbia Business Magazine’s 30 Under 30 young leaders in 2023, Franco is passionate about building people to people connections. Recently, he was selected by the Asia-Pacific Foundation as 1 of 10 delegates for their business and cultural exchange delegation to Japan. Devoted to his alma mater, he is a member of the UBC Sauder School of Business Founder’s Pledge Circle for socially impactful entrepreneurs. Franco is also an advisory director of Thrive Refuge, a student non-profit, which recently supported the successful evacuation and relocation of a Ukrainian student to Canada. As Porte’s Managing Director, Franco leverages his extensive experience in youth policy advisory and government relations to drive the effort on youth philanthropy and leadership development.

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Ray Zhang Senior, West Point Grey Academy

A senior at West Point Grey Academy, Ray began performing and playing piano at the age of 5 and made his orchestral debut in Italy, where he performed with the Alicante Symphony. Since September 2016, Ray has been under the expert tutelage of Professor Sasha Starcevich in Seattle and frequently performs internationally across the United States, Asia, and Europe. Recently, Ray has been named 1 of 144 Young Steinway Artists in the world. Music has been an integral part of Ray’s growth and is a gift he has strived to share with others. Ray is now using his passion for music to help others in need. As founder of Thrive Refuge, he was successful in assisting a Ukrainian student escape war and obtain a scholarship to study in Canada. Closer to home, his humanitarianism brings him to distribute food and care packages to underprivileged individuals in Vancovuer’s Downtown Eastside through his work at GoGivers Foundation.

Isabelle Wang Junior, West Point Grey Academy

Isabelle Wang is a Grade 11 student at West Point Grey Academy. She has a profound passion for education, the arts, and social advocacy. As the Artistic Director of Thrive Refuge and the Youth Forum for Asian Representation, Isabelle is at the forefront of advocating against anti-Asian racism. With her leadership, Thrive Refuge recently helped a Ukrainian student escape the horrors of war and secure a scholarship to study in Canada, showcasing Isabelle's commitment to humanitarian causes. Simultaneously, Isabelle's involvement in the Youth Forum for Asian Representation highlights her dedication to promoting inclusivity and authentic representation while actively combating anti-Asian racism.

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Georges Gave Junior, Shawnigan Lake School

Growing up in Hong Kong and Canada, Georges Gave embodies the spirit of a global citizen. Currently a junior at Shawnigan Lake School, Georges has established himself as a leader in various aspects of his academic and extracurricular life. Georges is a Double Dogwood Bilingual Diploma Candidate and has served as a Grade 11 Prefect for the Grade 8 Boys. He previously captained his school’s Grade 10 Basketball Team. Currently, he is a member of his school’s rugby team. His interest and passion for politics, diplomacy and leadership garnered him the accolade of Best Delegate in Model United Nations. He was also named the leader of the Bloc Québécois at Shawnigan’s Model Parliament. Politics aside, he takes to the screen as a Shawnigan TV Sports Broadcaster.

Desi Shaw Junior, Shawnigan Lake School

Deering (Desi) Shaw is a junior at Shawnigan Lake School and the winner of the 2023 CEPA policy pitching forum competition. Desi’s winning entry focused on the lessons to be learned from Russia’s war in Ukraine and importance of redundancy in supply chains to defense and security. Desi has also won achievements in Model United Nations, having secured several Best Delegate titles and the esteemed Viola Desmond Award for Advocacy. Through an internship at Leadership Initiatives, Desi created a security program for Yobe State University in Nigeria, benefiting from mentorship by Pentagon and government luminaries. Additionally, Desi was an Intelligence Support Specialist with CIAT Training Partners, collaborating closely with the NSA and the Department of Defense. Closer to home, she worked within the Town of Woodside's Office of the Mayor, championing impactful community safety projects relating to firearm safety and gun buyback programs.

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