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From starchitecture to starurbanism.
To this proposal, the people of Helsinki reacted happy and eager, willing to engage on the project. But then some worries were addressed to the guardian:
1. Disappearance of Architecture within the public realm
Though he did not yet have the answers, he bowed and nodded… and he prayed.
- How will that house be? - one kid said.
Resonating through air and land the prayer soon reached the divine and gods listened. Vellamo, goddess of seas and lakes,
- Large, iconic, attracting… - replied the foreigner. - A disconcerting rumbling came from the crowd… then a woman said: …Let us think….we shall not betray the heritage of our gods…
Our proposal blends city and nature: it is composed of a square and a park. Art spaces happen in between a public park acting as roof, and a public square as ground floor. Urban typologies become construction elements for the new Guggenheim Helsinki.
Once upon a time
P NO PUBLIC SPACE
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square, the art shown becomes fully amalgamated with citizens inhabiting this new part of the city. The city benefits from the newly created park extension and covered plaza. And the art foundation profits from the increased pedestrian flow. The proposal puts nature on a pedastal where to exhibit open air land or environmental art which naturally act as attractors or ‘art-gate’ to cultural Helsinki.
there was a land treasured by earthly gods of nature, which was protected by them , kept apart from dangers of pollution and other threats to the landscape. Along the centuries, men developed civilizations, technologies and cities worldwide, and art found shelter at the house of Guggenheim. People gathered there to visit the best creations of men, all which helped the divine shape humanity.
As Architecture is made out of
2 x PUBLIC urban SPACE planning spaces, a park and a
The guardian of the house sailed through many seas, collecting and sharing the best works of contemporary artists, searching for new expressions in different nations and its people, who would at their turn host his previous discoveries. A trip to the north was planned and Finland was chosen as destination. As the boat approached the harbour, finish people gathered around with expectation and the guardian addressed them:
Väinämoinen, the oldest and wisest of men, received the crowd, raised his voice and declared: - Tell the guardian he will have a place in our land. but only if he accepts this one condition:
it will be no house nor building,
that but a place made out of the forces of nature, a place made of forest and made out of water, then it will really be ours.
Ask our spirit, ask our gods, Väinämoinen said.
City Analysis C.3 List 1. Olympia Terminal 2. Pulkoco Observatory 3. Military Museum 4. Museum of Finnish Architecture 5. Design Museum 6. Palace Hotel 7. Market Hall 8. Uspenski Cathedral 9. Helsinki Cathedral 10. Government Palace 11. University of helsinki main building 12. National Library of Finland 13. National Museum of Finland 14. Ateneum art Museum 15. Kiasma Museum 16. Kaisaniemi Botanic Gardens 17. Kamppi Chapel 18. Helsinki City Museum 19. Helsinki Art Museum 20. Helsinki National Theater 21. Central Station A Engagement with architecture, design and urban life. Civic presence 1. New humane urban experience provide civic space
B Mission and Purpose
1. Part of the waterfront
C The site and its immediate context
1. Tähtitornin Vuori offer views over the waterfront.
Consider the elevated vantage of the hilltop
Consider link the proposed museum to the park
Consider outdoor seasonal programing
2. Relationship with Design Museum and Museum of Finnish Architecture.
3. Opportunity to link with Olympia Terminal
D The working port and the competition site
1. Being accesible to visitors arriving by boat passenger and vehicular ferries
2. Provision vehicle access, ferry docking and security fencing
E Limitations
1. Streets terminating at the waterfront have a view to the sea.
2. Not place the building in front of the Palace Hotel building.
3. Respect the vehicular access in the north
4. Locate the building’s public space to the north of the site.
5. The restricted zone to the quayside to maintain port operations
brought the forest down the hill. Water and forest overlapped over the harbour, P
and harmony of nature showed splendorous before the eyes of the crowd. 2 x PUBLIC SPACE Thus the place hovered at the harbour, on the frontier of water and green nature, as an entrance door to Helsinki for all people.
NO PUBLIC SPACE The guardian was in distress, how could be build a place which was neither neither a house nor a building? how could he build a place made of forest and water?
- Good people of Helsinki, I’ve been travelling worldwide collecting the art of mankind. And I would like to offer your city the privilege to host it.
lifted the water from the sea towards the land, and Mielikki, goddess of woodlands,
…So they gathered in search for advice, as they wanted this house of art to be built, but were not sure if it was the right thing to do, nor which way would be the right way to do it.
F The immediate vicinity
1. Pedestrian routes con also be provided trougt the museum site.
2. Widen the narrow pavement into a pedestrian promenade for cycles and
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The park gets extended. The harbour gets extended. Art happens in between. By so doing the Observatory park gets its wanted direct connection to the water side via an elevated pedestrian and bike gangway that also extends into the new design museums route to the new Finnish architecture and design museum as the connection spirals down to the harbour level.
SECTION PROGRAM & EVENTS A-A´
Also the Southern Harbour completes its perimetral pedestrian alley with a new covered square at its southern tip. It multiplies the urban activities range independently of weather¬ providing space for young urban sport expressions. It is also proposed as a 24hrs warm space where the hovering museum not only covers but also provides for a semi-controlled and welcoming outdoor climate control.
SECTION EXHIBITION B-B´
SECTION EXHIBITION C-C´
SECTION DINING D-D´
SECTION G-G´
Access Port & Operations trucks
Summer Amphitheatre SECTION OPERATIONAL & MAINTENANCE E-E´
Employees parking
Bike stand
SECTION H-H´
Summer cafe
Gateway roofpark SECTION ATRIUM F-F´
Park Floorplan E1/1500 LEVEL +21,54 +23,00
Access trucks
H
G
Employees bike parking
Offices
Support Conf. Hall
Performance & Laboratory Entrance Program & Events Offeces &VIP
Pedestrian & Bike path
Exhibition
A
A´ Offices
Bike stand
B
VIP &Taxi drop off
Loading dock museum
Exhibition
B´
Exhibition
Sevice Core
Winter Amphitheatre
Dinning S Support
C
Winter cafe
C´
Kitchen
Cafeteria
D Entrance Dinning
D´ Collections Storage & Management
E Mainteinance/ Mechanical
Operation Core
Maintenance Staff offices Access Museum & Shop & roof park
Loading dock museum
E´
Atrium
Exhibition Entrance Restaurant Retail
Retail
Visitor s ervicesk
Retail Atrium
Atrium
F
F´
Retail
Acces to port
Access Port trucks
Terminal
Public Square Floorplan E 1/750 LEVELS +2,00 +3,4
Facilities Floorplan E 1/750 LEVEL +6,50
H´
G´
Underground Maintenance & operations floorplan E 1/750 LEVELS -2,3 -1,2
Exhibition & Offices &Terminal Floorplan E 1/750 LEVELS +15,00 +18,50
The guardian was astonished and curious… Then a flock of waterfowls approached flying from afar and settled in the forest over the water,
Access Museum & Shop & public square
Mielikki, goddess of woodlands, had generously provided
this place turned into a a precious nest,
as a Lintukoto, where artworks will be preserved preserved and give joy to the people
Park entrance Atrium
The singing of birds could be heard beyond the harbour from all points of the city, even at far places where the guardian had travelled before. People of Helsinki celebrated all these gifts and shared this joy with each other. …but still they were concerned about the way this floating nest will hold on place…
Roof Park E 1/750 LEVEL +21,40
Gateway Ferry
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T h e n Luonnotar the mother of all men, appeared on the harbour, shocking once more the astonished guardian,. The she spoke: - I can see you came for the benefit of our land and our people, but I worry as a mother. How will they support all works that are still to be made? How will this Lintukoto fill their pantries and cellars?
PUBLIC SQUARE
ROOF PARK
Now this is my demand that the place you are building will have three things for my people:
a path for communication,
where they can trade and exchange, and attain prosperity,
a hall where they can eat and drink and celebrate, and be satisfied,
OFFICES &TERMINAL & DINING
3
a lounge
Praise for innovation.
nature
and
Our proposal is made out of the essence of Finland as we understand ...nature as the synthesis of the forests and large water extensions. The timber structure and park roof intertwine with the waving membranes from the harbour.
EXHIBITION & OPERATIONAL
...innovation on the efficient structural design of double curvature concrete shells that profit from optimum performance shaping made smart in combination with passive and active mechanical systems imbued within them.
and finally their souls with music.
where they can nourish
The guardian thrilled again on distress, as he had no idea about how to satisfy all requirements of the goddess.
Väinämoinen, the wisest
He looked back to of men, and to the guardian and said:
During Kalevala, eons ago, I faced those requirements, with the help of Ilmarinen, the blacksmith constructor. As soon as Ilmarinen had arrived soon he made proposals: - We will construct a new Sampo,
as a spiralling path to prosperity, - Then we will brew a beer well fermented, with the word of every man, to celebrate. Then it was the turn of Väinämonen for a latter gift: it will be my turn to construct a Kantele, as I did during the times of Kalevala. And, with its
music, harmony will enfold the Lintukoto,
and bring peace to the heart of men.
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ROAD ACCESS AND PORT OPERATIONS WORK PHASING AND WORK SCHEDULE
New understanding of Nature and Technology We propose a pragmatic but also poetic combination of nature and technology: computer shaped smart concrete shells aired and separated by Finland´s most precious crop, natural wood on a raw format. The latter acting as bearing structure in between both structural membranes. Preexistances and modernity then act as symbiotic partners. The free flow contemporary looking inner spaces sharply contrast with the massive raw nature of the timber supports. This creates exhibiting spaces with a strong character. The proposed urban structure is thus possible with the aid of technology and nature. The general structural principles of pure tension and compression established time ago:
PUBLIC PARKING
Chapter
Concept FOUNDATIONS BASEMENT CONSTRUCTION (excavation and walls)
The figure above depicts a full use of the whole exhibition area by a single exhibition. The crosses mark the position of the vertical bearing structure. On the lower part is represented the maximum ammount of independent exhibition areas: 6 (each with ant least one independent goods and visitor entrance).
SUPERSTRUCTURE (shells, timber and horizontal decks)
3 MONTHS
3. Progressive and simultaneous construction of both structural shells with sea crane aid if necessary:
UNDERGROUND ROAD & OPERATIONAL MUSEUM
6 MONTHS
28.741.377,07 €
30,00
EXTERIOR ENCLOSURE (walls, windows & doors)
7.185.344,27 €
7,50
ROOFING (coverings & openings)
2.107.700,99 €
2,20
INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION (partitions, doors & specialities)
6.945.832,79 €
7,25
STAIRS - ELEVATORS
1.149.655,08 €
1,20
INTERIOR FINISHES (wall, door & celling)
2.155.603,28 €
2,25
CONVEYING SYSTEMS
1.772.384,92 €
1,85
PLUMBING
1.628.678,03 €
1,70
VENTILATION
2.155.603,28 €
2,25
FIRE PROTECTION
2.395.114,76 €
2,50
ELECTRICAL (distribution, lighting, security, others)
3.592.672,13 €
3,75
EQUIPMENT
2.874.137,71 €
3,00
FURNISHINGS
1.916.091,80 €
2,00
718.534,43 €
0,75
3.353.160,66 €
3,50
SITE PREPARATION
2.395.114,76 €
2,50
SITE IMPROVEMENTS
1.724.482,62 €
1,80
SITE MECHANICAL UTILITIES
2.395.114,76 €
2,50
SITE ELECTRICAL UTILITIES
2.395.114,76 €
2,50
SPECIAL CONSTRUCTIONS SELECTIVE BUILDING DEMOLITION
FREE PORT OPERATION PORT
LOWER SHELL
VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT DIAGRAMS
UPPER SHELL
LOWER SHELL
Construction of all parts of the Lintukoto with Ilmarinen’s help Plans settled, Ilmarinen gathered all men and gave them instructions...
G BUILDING SITE WORK
TOTAL ESTIMATED BUDGET
UPPER SHELL
Antoni Gaudi.
F SPECIAL CONSTRUCTIONS & DEMOLITIONS
20 MONTHS
FLEXION DIAGRAMS
‘There are no straight lines or sharp curves in nature. Therefore buildings must have no straight lines or sharp corners’.
E EQUIPMENT & FURNISHINGS
TOTAL ESTIMATE:
LOWER SHELL
8,50 10,50
D SERVICES
8 MONTHS
UPPER SHELL
8.143.390,17 € 10.059.481,98 €
C INTERIORS
2. Digging, foundations and underground tunnel:
4. Mechanical, Lansdcaping and rest of works:
TENSION DIAGRAMS
%
B STRUCTURE
3 MONTHS
As already stablished on the floorplans and prior schemes, the exhibition area is served by a perimetral goods ring (black triangles marking possible service points, white vistior entrances).
Cost
A SUBSTRUCTURE
1. Demolition of existing structures and preparation of terrain:
EXHIBITION LAYOUT SCENARIOS
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ESTIMATED BUDGET
About structure
About Energy
Two double-curvature concrete shells ripple generating supports by surface’s own buckling. The model is obtained by applying theoretical loads on the two flexible membranes, obtaining a state of equilibrium with tensile stresses. By stiffening and turning the model upside down we obtain compressive shells for the same scenario of loads, therefore obtaining very light forms.
The project starts from an integrated bioclimatic approach, using active and passive resources. It includes materials and construction systems of sustainable production and uses renewable high-efficiency energy allowing to approach the possible goal of zero CO2 emissions. To fully comply this energetic program, we base the construction phase and life of the building on the same principle. During construction phase of the project, the choice of materials will be that of those which production generates an energy expenditure and sustainable natural resources, such as national certified wood, natural stone, vegetable origin isolation replacing plastics, natural flooring and coatings, paints of low emission level of volatile organic compounds (VOC)... Regarding structure, recycled materials will be used in steel and concrete (aggregates) structural elements. Wood will be used to build connections between both membranes.
On the shaping process we make converge the architectural and structural needs during the design process, using calculus as a design tool. On the process start values and positions of external actions and reactions are assumed, as well as the final tensions state values that we want to happen in the structure. The goal is to determine a structural geometry that generates the expected strains within by using as less material as possible, making the most of it in terms of strength and rigidity. This structural logic enhances material economy by using pure tension and compression forces, thus minimizing CO2 emissions during transport and construction. Just as other structural architects such as Antonio Gaudi or Félix Candela, we use a number of constructive, structural and geometric criteria to design this piece, exploring the world of contemporary threedimensional modelling. The
resulting
shape
95.804.590,24 € 100,00
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Considering life and use of the building we take into account four central aspects: Thermal envelope – from the origin of the project there is a search for a final formalization of high-energy efficiency, besides solving all extended and complex programmatic needs. By placing both upper and lower structural membranes, we create a ‘sandwich’, turning them into thermal protection membranes that protect the whole of spaces placed in between. The upper botanic layer takes profit from the significant thickness of the concrete slabs, which added, generate high thermal inertia, protecting habitable spaces in a natural way, thus minimizing energetic needs for thermal conditions. Lower skin lifts from the ground creating a space of thermal transition. This raise of the lower slab, together with a continuous high isolation level, reduces thermal loss in the inner part of the building, therefore obtaining important benefits for passive sustainability, and important energy saving at no cost. Installations efficiency - starting from a system in which the supporting structure and the mechanical piping coexist in the same space within each concrete shell; HVAC, hydraulics, electrical, computer and automation systems run through pipes embedded in the slabs. This measure results in visual purity as well as optimal material use, as they lighten the structure wherever the material is unnecessary, again on the chase of reducing CO2 emissions. Regarding HVAC, the building will be connected to the regular heating system of Helsinki neighborhoods, which has proven to be of high-energy efficiency. There will also be mixed cogeneration systems and integrated use of solar thermal and photovoltaic energy to support the municipal system. As for sharing inner climate load, the building will be provided with a system of ducts embedded in the mass of the concrete structure (following the concept of coexistence bearing structure and mechanical systems). These ducts will contain a fluid which will work in a similar way as the hypocaust invented by the roman engineer Sergio Cayo Orata 1st century BC, mostly used in the baths of the Roman Empire (being the clearest example of the application of this ancient system the Baths of Caracalla). There will be a radiant tube system incorporated into the mass of concrete, forming a thermal building skin. Thus, the heat transfer fluid flowing through the slab can both cool and warm, making the mass function as an element of thermal storage, which, while improving the comfort and thermal stability of the building, reduces consumption significantly. Part of this system is proposed to run, on a lower density, throughout the ground floor level to partially control the outdoor climate on this covered space. Regarding lightning, patios and skylights are generated where possible to optimize the conditions of natural lighting of interior spaces, therefore reducing the need for artificial lighting energy costs along with an automation control system of artificial lighting using light sensors and lighting scenarios. Inner artificial light is partially used to lighten Ground Level Square at night, via a similar set of skylights placed on the exhibition floor level shell. Water Cycle will be managed as a system of rainwater collection. Water will be retained in underground storage volumes for irrigation, reusing leftovers. Implementing drip irrigation faucets with flow restrictors, dual flush toilets, and waterless urinals will reduce water expense. Finally, grey water treatment equipment toilets will be installed in lavatories. As a conclusion on regards of the mechanical systems of the proposal, we can re-estate our determination of seamlessly combining these systems with the bearing ones.