Turtles by Fun For Kidz

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by E.C. Ball

cup ring sock rabbit 2 spoons

lips canoe lemon 4 birds

flag tooth 4 hearts toothbrush

Answers on page 30

plum horse pencil bracelet art brush

4 Box Turtles Activities: 6 Boxy's New Amigo 9 The Gopher Tortoise Puzzles: 2, 14, 15 10 There IS a Difference! Turtle Rhymes: 18 1 1 Turtles Wearing Girdles Science: 23 12 Saving the Loggerhead Turtle Funnies: 28, 29 Puzzle Solutions: 30 16 The Gentle Giants 19 The Great Race 20 Max & Gracie 21 All About the Painted Turtle 22 Turtle with a Temper 24 Behold the Turtle 25 Don't Let Your Turtle Get Sick 26 The Turtles of Bird Island 27 Logan's List

by Alan James Garbers Warm spring breezes gently caressed the forest floor. Fiddlehead ferns and May apples were pushing their way up through the litter of broken twigs, leaves, and bark left by forgotten winter storms. Under the gray branches of a birch tree, a small hump of earth and leaves slowly rose in the warm afternoon sun. A small leathery head emerged from the mound, and two dark eyes blinked away the long winter's sleep. Stretching its neck out like a telescope, the animal cautiously watched for signs of danger. Feeling that all is safe, a box turtle used its powerful clawed feet to propel itself out of its winter hole. Now it can bask in the warm rays of sunlight. Box turtles like moist woodlands, swampy bottom lands, and wet meadows. They often are seen crossing roads early in the morning or after a rain. Many box turtles don't make it across a busy highway. They end up as a meal for scavenging raccoons, crows, and buzzards. Because the bottom shell of the box turtle is hinged, it can draw in its legs, tail, and head, totally closing off its openings to predators. This can discourage raccoons, foxes, opossums, and other predators. But it won't stop the powerful, crushing jaws of an alligator or the wheels of a car. What if you see a box turtle ambling across the road? If you love turtles, you may be tempted to rescue it. Don’t do this and then release it far away. Even though the box turtle has a “homing” instinct, it won’t be able to find its way home if it’s more than a quarter of a mile. So, at this point, the best thing to do is just help the turtle across the road, but be very careful of traffic!

Box turtles like to eat grubs, insects, earthworms, blackberries, mulberries, strawberries, grasses, and mushrooms. Unfortunately, while box turtles can eat poisonous mushrooms and not be harmed, their bodies absorb the poison. This can kill anyone eating the turtle. This didn't stop hungry Indians and desperate pioneers from risking their lives using the box turtle or its eggs for dinner. Indians used the empty box turtle shells for ceremonial rattles and often buried them with their dead. This practice might have been due to the box turtle's habit of hibernating in the ground during the winter. The turtle's body functions can slow down to a deathlike state. When hibernating, the turtle no longer needs to breathe because its skin can absorb enough oxygen for it to survive. When the rays of the sun warm the ground in the spring, the turtle awakens and crawls out, as if rising from a grave. Box turtles start their lives in midsummer, when they hatch in a shallow pit hidden by their mother. A usual clutch (nest) has three to five leathery eggs. If snakes, birds, coyotes, and other hungry predators don't find the vulnerable, tasty eggs, the young turtles hatch out. They immediately start looking for food. Box turtles are slow growing and take five to seven years to mature. These turtles have a long lifespan and make popular pets. Their owners often design an outdoor pen that has everything the box turtle needs for a healthy life. Indians sometimes kept pet box turtles for generations, with some turtles living to be 100 years old! Many reptile and turtle clubs abound for those who are curious. Pen designs and feeding and health care instructions can all be found in the library or on the Internet. NOTE: Box turtles, as with all reptiles, can carry salmonella bacteria. Proper hygiene should be followed after any contact with the turtles.

by Peggy Thorne • illustrated by Pamela Harden

Stacy looked around her new bedroom. “Well, Boxy,” she said, “I guess this is it. Our new home.” She walked to the window and looked out. The backyard was small, but the lawn was neatly clipped. Beyond the yard was the desert – sand, rocks, and cacti. To Stacy, the desert looked strange, unfriendly, and a little scary. She shivered and then walked to her bed. On it sat a pet carrier – the kind a large cat or a small dog might travel in. Stacy opened the carrier and gently lifted Boxy out. She held the turtle on her lap and talked to him. She told him how she felt about moving to Arizona, leaving her friends behind, and starting at a new school in the middle of the year. Boxy listened patiently. Then he bumped her hand with his head and wiggled his legs gently. Stacy smiled. Suddenly, she felt much braver. The desert probably is pretty interesting, she thought. What kinds of animals would live there? Lizards, snakes, coyotes – maybe even antelope. “I guess it’s time to check out the backyard,” she said. Holding Boxy in both hands, she walked carefully downstairs and out the back door. Her mother had already set out Boxy’s pan and filled it with water. Stacy watched as her turtle nibbled the grass and then walked slowly toward the pan. With a good push from his hind legs, he was up and over the edge, splashing happily in the shallow water. Stacy grinned. She loved watching Boxy play. Then a soft voice called, “Hello!” Stacy looked over her shoulder. A girl was standing in the yard of the house next door. “Hi,” said Stacy as she scrambled to her feet and walked across the yard. “My name’s Stacy.” “I’m Linda. I’ve been waiting for you to move in. I was hoping there’d be a girl.” Stacy smiled. “Me, too.” “Hey,” said Linda, “are those your turtles?” Stacy turned to look. She’d left Boxy alone, of course, but now there were two turtles splashing in the big plastic pan! “One of them is,” she said uncertainly. “The orange and black one is Boxy, but I’ve never seen the other one before.” Linda frowned. “Uh-oh,” she said, then waved a hand at the desert. “It probably came from out there. Sometimes wild tortoises wander into town. But they told us in school that we’re not supposed to touch them. I don’t think they’re supposed to be playing with pet turtles, either. I’d better tell my mother.”

Linda ran inside her house, then came out a minute later. “She’s calling the Game and Fish Department to find out what to do.” “I hope we didn’t cause any problems,” said Stacy. “Me, too.” Linda paused for a moment, then asked, “Why do you call your turtle Boxy? He’s not rectangular.” Stacy laughed. “It’s because he’s an American box turtle. I didn’t name him, though. My grandmother did. He belonged to her when she was a girl. “Really?” Linda’s eyes were wide with astonishment. “How old is he?” “Sixty.” “Wow,” said Linda. “My abuela will love this story!” “Your ab-abuela?” Stacy stumbled over the unfamiliar word. "It’s Spanish for grandmother,” explained Linda. “Oh,” said Stacy. The two new friends watched as Boxy and the tortoise splashed in the pan. Suddenly, Linda giggled. “Wouldn’t it be funny if they were talking too?” Stacy laughed. “Boxy could be telling the tortoise what it’s like to live in a house . . .” “And the tortoise could be telling Boxy all about the desert,” finished Linda. Meanwhile, Boxy and the tortoise had been talking. “And you have to watch out for the coyotes,” continued Pedro. “There’s nothing they like better than a nice tortoise snack.” Boxy wiggled his head nervously. “What’s a coyote?” “They’re like wild dogs, but meaner and quicker.” Boxy shook his head. “I’m glad there aren’t any coyotes indoors,” he said. “Stacy doesn’t even have a cat.” “How’s the food?” asked Pedro. Boxy smiled. “Delicious! Lettuce, tomatoes, apples, strawberries – oh, and as many rose petals and dandelion leaves as you can eat!” “Wow,” said Pedro. “It sounds wonderful! I used to live with a family too,” he added wistfully, “but my owners turned me loose. I’m not very good at finding food in the desert.” Boxy bumped his head against his new friend’s shell. “I’ve got an idea, Pedro . . .” “Stacy! Time for dinner!” “OK, Mom!” Stacy said good-bye to her new friend and then skipped across to the water pan. She picked up Boxy and started toward the house. “Hey!” called Linda. “Look at that!” Stacy turned around. The strange tortoise was following her. Then Stacy noticed something funny about the tortoise’s shell. She bent down to examine it. “I think he wants to stay,” said Linda.

“And I think I know why!” said Stacy. “He’s got a number painted on his back. He must have been somebody’s pet!” “Oh, no,” said Linda. “I know there are laws against turning pet tortoises loose in the desert. They can make the wild tortoises sick.” Stacy shook her head regretfully. “I know Mom won’t let me keep him. She only let me have Boxy because he belonged to Grandma.” Stacy’s turtle began struggling in her arms. “No!” he seemed to be saying. “No, no, no!” Just then, the eerie wail of a coyote pierced the evening air. The little tortoise began moving faster. Stacy looked at her new friend. “Do you think your mom would let you keep him?” “I don’t know. Are they hard to look after?” Stacy shook her head. “They’re easy. I can teach you everything!” Linda ran inside her house once again. She came out with an enormous grin on her face, then bent down and carefully picked up the tortoise. Quick as a wink, his head and legs disappeared inside his shell. Then, slowly, his little brown head peeked out. It was as though he knew he had found a friend. “The Game and Fish people said we should keep him overnight. They’re going to come by tomorrow morning. My mom says they might let us adopt him! Will you talk to them too? You can tell them you’ll teach me how to look after him!” “Sure,” Stacy said with a smile. “I’d be glad to.” “Good night, Pedro!” called Boxy. The tortoise waved one leg in farewell. “Sleep well, amigo. I’ll see you in the morning!”

The Gopher Tortoise by Linda F. Crabtree

Have you ever watched a mound of sandy dirt in your backyard when, suddenly, you see a hole start to appear? If you watch closely, you might see claws digging up from underneath the earth. A gopher tortoise will use its claws to dig out of its home underneath the sandy dirt. That is what Spike, Speedy, Nike, and Elvis do when they want to venture out into the wonderful world above them. These little fellows are young gopher tortoises that live in sunny Florida.

Their native homes are in Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina. Gopher tortoises are heavily protected by environmental laws on federal wildlife refuges and national parks. They are on the threatened or endangered species list in every state in which they live. Working together, we may be able to help the gopher tortoise from being an endangered species.

Most states prohibit keeping a gopher tortoise as a pet. There are many other species of tortoises and turtles that would make good pets. Before buying a tortoise as a pet, it is best to read about the different species. Learn about which type would make the best pet for you and your family. Tortoises that are kept inside must have a source of light â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and sometimes heat â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to substitute for natural sunlight. A pet store is a Unlike turtles, tortoises live on dry land all the time. good place to learn about the correct supplies and type The gopher tortoise will dig deep burrows that it shares of enclosure needed for your new pet. with several different animals, such as the gopher frog and various species of snakes. After a burrow has been abandoned, different animals will live in it. The fox squirrel, opossum, raccoon, and even bobcats find their way into the burrow. Remember to never put your hand into a burrow because of the many different animals that declare the hole in the ground to be their home! We caught Spike, Speedy, Nike, and Elvis just sitting in the sun, as if they were in deep concentration about what to do next in the life of a gopher tortoise. At times, they move extremely slowly, just taking in all the sights and sounds around them. Other times, they may move much faster than what is expected of the legendary slow turtle.

Tortoises do not have teeth, but they have strong jaws. The gopher tortoise will eat grass, lettuce, cabbage, broccoli, and many fruits. If you are lucky enough to spot a gopher tortoise in the wild, use this chance to watch its delightful habits, such as the way they enjoy slowly munching on grass. They taste every bite as if it were a gourmet meal.

They are all reptiles. Their names all begin with the letter "T." They all have shells. You might think they are the same, but there ARE some differences between turtles, tortoises, and terrapins. Here's a guide on how to tell them apart.

• Turtles spend most of their lives in water. • Sea turtles live in the world's oceans. They rarely leave the ocean, except when the females come onshore to lay eggs. • Tortoises live their lives on land. • They don't have webbed feet. Their feet are round and stumpy, which helps them walk on the ground. • Tortoises that live in hot climates use their strong forelimbs to dig burrows, where they can go to keep cool. • They eat grasses, shrubs, and even cactus.

• Some turtles live in fresh water, like ponds and lakes. They will leave the water to lie on banks, rocks, and logs to soak up the sun. Like their sea turtle cousins, females lay eggs on land. • Most turtles have webbed feet. Sea turtles have legs that form flippers. • Turtles eat water plants, insects, snails, clams, worms, and fish. Some sea turtles eat jellyfish and other soft sea life. Sea turtles with strong jaws like to eat shellfish.

• Terrapins are actually a kind of small turtle. They are not really a different kind of animal. • The name comes from the Algonquin Indian word "torope." It was used by early Europeans to identify the turtle that likes to live in brackish swamps. This is water that is more salty than fresh water, but not as salty as sea water. • Terrapins are often called diamondbacks because of the diamond-shaped rings on their shell.

• Terrapins spend time both on land and in the water, but they always live near rivers, ponds, and lakes.

by Vicki H. Moss • illustrated by Jane Bodnar

“What’s the difference between turtles, tortoises, and terrapins?” I asked myself one sunny day. I gathered some bread and a sweet honey pot and ambled on down to the bay. There I sat on the dock and bided my time, waiting for a fat, hungry fish to bite. I pondered the question aloud as I ate and decided they’re different as day and night. Turtles come in all shapes and sizes, some boxed, some quiet, some snapping to put up a fight. Some move much slower than their sisters and brothers and have a nasty tendency to bite. Though a snapper has no teeth, his jaws are powerful and scary. He uses his beak to tear up his food, so wiggling toes should be wary. Some live in lakes, rivers, and streams and grow to be quite huge. Alligator snappers are of the sort who thrive in a rainy deluge.

The tortoise is one who loves the land and wanders across highways and roads. Some tortoises eat only living plants to help carry their homes and heavy loads. They have keen eyesight, can smell and taste, though their hearing is sorely lacking. Should you hear a noise like a hiss, it’s a warning! “Beware, you’d better start backing!”

A terrapin is an edible sort, tasty as soup on the table. I’ve gone to my room to double-check and make sure Mom hasn’t served Mabel. Fred and Mabel are two harmless sports, a couple of friendly turtles. Once they escaped and flew the coop. I found them rummaging in Mom’s drawer with her girdles. Though she wailed and threatened to do them in, they had tromped over all she owned. “I’ll serve those reptiles in turtle soup and pick the meat clean off their bones.” “Ugh! That would taste awfully gross if you tried to serve them for dinner!” You see, Fred and Mabel are the box turtle type. To kill them would make her a sinner. I told her quite frankly, “Only terrapins are tasty for dishes that are to be edible. Doesn’t Dad say we must eat what we hunt? We shouldn’t waste food, to be credible.” For the moment, Mom’s biding her time. Fred and Mabel are safe for now. They’d better steer clear of her girdle drawer, or she’ll serve turtle in our soup instead of cow!

Saving the

Loggerhead Sea Turtle by Diane Winebar

“I see them!” someone calls out. “I see them coming!” A truck rumbles across the sandy Florida beach. The sun is hot, but hundreds of people are there. The crowd cheers, and boys and girls jump up and down with excitement. Everyone woke up extra early to be here. They must be waiting for someone important. The truck stops nearby. Marine biologists hop out and begin struggling with something in the back. Parents lift small children onto their shoulders so they can see. Finally, a giant shell and waving flippers are seen, and there are more cheers. “I see it!” a young voice shouts. “I see the turtle!” A large loggerhead sea turtle is the important “someone” everyone has been waiting for. He had been injured and was living in a rehabilitation facility. Many caring people helped him get better. Now he rests on the sand, blinking at the bright sunlight. Maybe he can smell the salty sea air and knows that soon, he’ll be going home.

The loggerhead is the largest hard-shelled sea turtle in the world. They start out tiny and are less than two inches long when they are born. A mama loggerhead comes onshore to lay eggs. She digs a nest in the sand three to five times a year and lays an average of 120 eggs each time. That’s a lot of brothers and sisters! After about 60 days, the hatchlings work their way out of their eggs. When everyone is out, they leave the nest together, and it’s a race to see who reaches the ocean first. It’s important for the hatchlings to hurry because there are crabs that can snatch them. Loggerheads are graceful swimmers. Their elongated bodies and paddle-like flippers are perfect for swimming in the deep ocean. When they are active, sea turtles must swim to the surface to breathe every few minutes. When they are resting, they can remain underwater for longer periods of time.

They also live in coastal waters in other parts of the world. Pacific loggerheads are fantastic swimmers. These loggerheads migrate over 7500 miles between nesting beaches in Japan and feeding grounds off the coast of Mexico! Unfortunately, these turtles are in trouble. Their numbers are getting smaller all the time. Dogs and other animals destroy loggerhead nests. People like to build homes on beaches, which bothers their natural habitat. Most baby loggerheads don’t even survive their first year. Adult loggerheads accidentally get caught in the fishing nets of ocean fishing vessels. The shell of a loggerhead is almost heart-shaped. It is red and brown on top and yellow and brown on the bottom. An adult loggerhead can weigh up to 500 pounds and be 45 inches across. Scientists believe they can live 50 years or more. This turtle was named for its large head. Their strong, powerful jaws come in handy for eating prey with hard shells. Crab, fish, jellyfish, shrimp, mollusks, and crustaceans are all on the loggerheads’ menu. They dive to the bottom of the ocean to get their dinner, but they also feed in shallow coastal waters. Loggerheads are the most common type of sea turtle in the southeastern United States. If you live along the Atlantic coast, you may have seen them.

Happily, there are many conservation groups working to save the loggerhead. They care for nesting areas and teach people about loggerheads. When a turtle is hurt, they take care of it until it’s returned to the ocean. Sometimes experts attach a scientific tracking device to a loggerhead’s shell. This allows scientists to use a computer to follow the loggerhead’s behavior and migration in the ocean. Good decisions can then be made about the best way to help this threatened species. You can help loggerheads too. The next time you go to the beach, pick up the trash you see. This keeps garbage from being pulled into the ocean, harming the animals that live there. You can even symbolically adopt a loggerhead from several organizations!

The large loggerhead sea turtle is being carried toward the ocean. He is heavy, and the wildlife experts walk slowly and carefully. But first, he is taken past the hundreds of people who have lined up to see him. They call out, “Good-bye!” and “Have a safe trip!” Finally, the loggerhead is on the sand. He looks out at the sea water and begins walking. Soon he is swimming in the ocean.

The loggerhead is home!

Fill in the squares so that each row, column, and 7-square section has the letters T-U-R-T-L-E-S (2 Tâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in each).

R T L E E T

by Evelyn B. Christensen

12 13

Copy the parts of the scrambled picture into the pie wedge shapes with the same number. You will see two animals.

Turtles Sudoku

by Donna Lugg Pape

S T

ers

Place all 27 different types of turtles into the grid. The first one is done for you.

Answers on page 30

T E T U T L

T S U

Answers on page 30

by Sherry Timberman

LEATHERBACK LEOPARD LOGGERBACK MAP MARGINATED MATAMATA PAINTED PANCAKE RED-EARED

Turtle Crossing BIG-HEADED BOX COOTER DESERT DIAMONDBACK GALAPAGOS GOPHER HAWKSBILL HINGEDBACK

S E T R

SIDE-NECKED SLIDER SNAPPING SOFT-SHELLED SPOTTED STAR STINKPOT TORTOISE WOOD

B I GH E A D E D

Turtle Search

by Guy Belleranti Search forward, backward, up, down, and diagonally for the nine turtles and tortoises hidden in the puzzle. Write the leftover letters in the boxes to find a message about another turtle.

Turtles:

Tortoises:

• BOX

• ALDABRA

• GREEN SEA

• DESERT

• MUSK

• GALAPAGOS

• PAINTED

• RADIATED

D E T A I D A R

T L T R E S E D

H A R B D T S G

E R O A E H E A

G X T D T E A L

R N L L N R T A

E G I A I B U P

E E E P A A R A

N S I H P C T G

A I C V D A T L T

R S T E O Y R E H

S T S E E A L O

E T M U S K N S

A U T L A K E S

• SNAPPING

Message about another turtle:

Answers on page 30

Turtle Talk

START

by Guy Belleranti

Find your way through the letter maze by connecting letters to spell out SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT TURTLES. You may move in any direction, but no letter may be connected more than once. Write down the unconnected letters, in order, in the spaces below.

L I N H E T A E R

E E I L N E N

T R E C L T S D O

H E M H F T E H T

E O S H E S I A E

S P W A G N G V S

Y T A F E L G E E

A H A N U S N

B O S P U L T T A

FINISH Interesting turtle facts: __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __,

__ __ __

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

__ __ __ __ __ __ __

__ __ __ __ __ __

__ __ __ __ __

__ __ __ __ __ __, __ __

__ __ __ __

__ __ __

__ __ __ __ __.

__ __ __ __, Answers on page 30

by Jane Sullivan • photos by Shirley Ramaley

"Hey, look at this guy. He looks just like E.T." I bent my knees and squatted down, looking in awe at a creature that, before this, I had only read about: the Galapagos tortoise, the largest known living tortoise in the world. "You're right on that," our guide answered. "E.T. was modeled after the Galapagos tortoise." With our guide, we wandered through the upland meadows of the island of Santa Cruz to visit these gentle giants up close. The Galapagos tortoise is something I had wanted to see for as long as I could remember. Here I was on Santa Cruz Island, staring one in the face. Santa Cruz is one of the Galapagos Islands, which lie in the Pacific Ocean, 600 miles off the coast of Ecuador. Spanish sailors who discovered the islands in 1535 actually named it after the many tortoises which lived there. The Spanish word for tortoise is galápago. Protected now, ancestors of these giant Galapagos tortoises had once been piled together in the holds of whaling ships. Reptiles can exist for months without water, so the tortoises remained alive, making them an ideal source of meat for sailors. Over 100,000 giant tortoises existed on the Galapagos Islands when the Spanish sailors discovered them. By 1947, the population had dwindled to about 14,000. Today the Charles Darwin Research Center protects the Galapagos tortoise. Tortoise eggs are brought to the Center, where they are hatched and raised. When the young tortoises are large enough to survive in the wild, they are returned to live and breed. Some people might call this creature a turtle. While that is not wrong, it is not quite correct. A tortoise is a kind of turtle that lives on land. A full-grown Galapagos tortoise can weigh as much as 500 pounds. Some are six feet long from head to tail. As large as they are, they are no threat to visiting tourists. We passed by many, stopping to watch them munch on a meal of green grass. They studied us as closely as we studied them. Thanks to the Darwin Center and the Galapagos National Park Service, many of these tortoises now enjoy long lives. A Galapagos tortoise can live to the ripe old age of 200 years.

Galapagos tortoises lead uncomplicated lives grazing on grass, leaves, and cactus. They spend a lot of time basking in the sun, napping nearly 16 hours per day. They have a slow metabolism and can store large amounts of water inside their bodies. This means they can survive up to a year without eating or drinking. Years ago, people who came to the islands brought pigs, dogs, cats, rats, goats, and cattle with them. Now these animals are a threat to the Galapagos tortoises' food supply and eggs. The tortoises are listed as an endangered species. They are being strictly protected by the government of Ecuador. Scientists use words like genus and species to identify living creatures. A species that differs in minor details is labeled subspecies. Scientists have identified 15 subspecies of the Galapagos tortoise. Just a few years ago, only one example of one of the subspecies still existed. His name was Lonesome George. He lived in his own space in the Darwin Center. Although females close in characteristics to his subspecies had been introduced to Lonesome George, he showed little interest in them. When he died recently at the Darwin Center, his subspecies died with him. Some zoos, like the San Diego Zoo, have Galapagos tortoises on exhibit. So it is not necessary to travel all the way to the Galapagos Island to see one. But the thrill of stooping down to look eye-to-eye with one of these awesome creatures in the wild is worth the trip!

Turtle Wisdom by Jean Conder Soule

It must be fun to go around no matter where you are, Whether you are right close by or if you travel far, And never have to worry about where you spend the night. You don’t need a suitcase, for you always travel light. It must be nice to know no matter what your track, You’ll need no reservations, for your house is on your back!

Box Turtles by Gale Sypher Jacob

In fall, box turtles burrow deep, Preparing for their winter sleep. Like bears, box turtles hibernate, Which slows their normal breathing rate. They don’t feel hungry anymore, But live on food they ate before. When springtime comes and temperatures rise, Box turtles climb through their dirt disguise.

Old Turtle by Alberta Haught

Old Turtle is a reptile, But he’s prettier than some. Perhaps you’ve seen him in a pond Or the aquarium. Some turtles live in water, While others dwell on land. They have hard shells and lay Their eggs quite often in the sand. Old Turtle doesn’t need to pack, For if he wants to roam, No matter where he travels, His shell can be his home. So if you meet Old Turtle when You’re walking through the grass, Just say, “Hello!” and leave him there.

Step back and let him pass.

The Great Race of

Turtle and Bear (adapted from Native American folklore) by Moryt Milo • illustrated by Joan Waites

Long ago, when blankets of snow covered the ground, Bear had not yet learned to sleep through the winter. Instead, he walked the forest searching for food. But winter offered very little, making Bear hungry and grouchy. One day, while hoping to find a few berries, Bear saw Turtle sunning himself on a rock. Feeling especially grouchy, Bear yelled, “Hey, lazybones, don’t you ever move? You must be the world’s slowest animal.” Turtle, who had been dreaming about bugs, opened his eyes and thought, Bear is nothing but trouble, always complaining and now calling me names. Time to teach that big furry blanket a lesson. So Turtle answered, “Why, Bear, you’ve got it all wrong. I’m actually quite swift. Want to race?” Bear, thinking Turtle a fool, chuckled. “Sure, when?” “How about here, tomorrow, when the sun is five fingers high in the sky? I will swim in the pond while you run along the side.” “How can you swim in this frozen pond?” questioned Bear. Turtle answered, “Tonight I will cut holes in the ice. When we race tomorrow, I will pop up through each hole. You will know exactly where I am.”

“Fair enough,” answered Bear. But he thought, What a fool! That will slow him down even more. The next day, Bear arrived for the race. Many of his forest neighbors lined the shore. All had come to watch the great race. This made Bear more determined than ever to prove his speed and cleverness. “You are right on time,” said Turtle, poking his head out of the first hole. Bear readied himself. The signal was given. Immediately, Bear was off, snow flying everywhere. But before he reached the next hole, Turtle popped up and said, “Here I am, Bear. What took you so long?” Bear was shocked. How could Turtle be so quick? He ran harder, his paws burning like fire, his heart pounding through his skin. But it made little difference. At each hole, there was Turtle saying, “Here I am, Bear. What took you so long?” When he reached the end and saw Turtle at the finish line, Bear collapsed. Gasping for air, he said, “I apologize, Turtle. I had no idea you were so speedy.” Disgraced, Bear dragged his exhausted body to his cave and slept right through winter. Turtle wasn’t tired at all. He watched Bear and all the animals leave. Then he tapped on the frozen pond. All Turtle’s relatives popped their heads up through the holes. “Thank you, my family,” said Turtle. “Today we showed Bear how foolish you can look when calling someone names.” And all his relatives nodded.

Houston, Texas Around noon A dreary day with so many clouds, it looked like night all morning long! Max and Gracie and their owners, Linda, Craig, and their seven-year-old son, Ed, are driving the back roads of America. Perhaps you have seen Max and Gracie with their heads out the window. If not, here is a letter describing their most recent adventure.

ning the cloud cover was so thick, not Let me tell you about my day. This mor , ed like ten PM. It was that dark. Still one ray of sun was visible. Ten AM look to a the park. Afterwards, we were headed Linda brought Ed, Gracie, and me to van fixed. repair shop to have the brakes on the in the second seat, and Gracie and I On the way to the repair shop, Ed sat head something large and nasty poked its were in the back seat. All of a sudden, in ed land and ped jum I d! was so frightene out from under the third row seat. I but t, abou was ion mot com see what all the Edâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lap. Linda pulled the van over to the creature had gone into hiding. at the first time, barked my disapproval I finally realized what it was and, for her saw I n Whe les. turt n with collecting Gracie. You see, she has this obsessio it I told her to leave it. She never did set th, mou her at the park with this one in confirmed it. free. The evidence underneath the seat of hanic found the turtle in the middle Linda got us to the repair shop. A mec it. for grab a e us his find, Gracie mad the vanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s floor. As soon as he showed a drove back to the park and placed him Fortunately, no one gave it to her. Lind by the river, his home. ecting is not a good hobby? How can we convince Gracie turtle coll

Max

photos by Ken Tapp Here are some facts about the painted turtle that will make you the neighborhood expert. They're not too big and not too small. Their shells are usually about five to eight inches across. The upper shell has red and yellow markings on a brownish or green background. They deserve their name! Painted turtles rule! They are the most widespread turtle in North America. They like to live in freshwater that is quiet, shallow, and with lot of mud around. Boy or girl? Whether a turtle egg hatches a male or female depends on the temperature of the egg as the youngster develops. Eggs that develop above 84 degrees Fahrenheit become female. Those that develop at lower temperatures become male. Painted turtles may live as long as 35 to 40 years, but most will not survive for this long.

They like to lie in the sun, in groups. There may be as many as 50 painted turtles on one log, stacked on top of each other. At night they will rest on the bottom of a pond or on a partially submerged object, such as a rock. Their sense of hearing isn't too well developed, but they do have a good sense of smell. They can see colors. They use touch to communicate with each other. Young painted turtles are mainly carnivorous, meaning they eat animals like fish, crustaceans, and insects. As they get older, they tend to like eating plants better. They have no teeth, but the jaw has tough, horny plates for gripping food. Painted turtles must eat in the water because their tongues do not move freely, and they cannot manipulate food well on land. Enjoy these beauties from a distance. They often carry dangerous bacteria in their digestive tract, which can make you very sick if you handle them improperly.

There is a turtle with a reputation for nasty behavior. Meet the snapping turtle!

What Do They Look Like?

There are two types of snapping turtle: the common snapper and the alligator snapper. A common snapper’s shell looks smooth, while an alligator snapper’s shell is spiky. The alligator snapper has a longer head. Snappers have very long tails with sharp ridges running along its length. Their mouths are shaped like strong, bony beaks. Its skin is rough, and bumps cover their necks and legs. They have huge sharp claws on their front and back legs, which they use to tear apart food, climb hills, and defend themselves.

Where Do They Live? Common snappers are found in southern Canada and the eastern two-thirds of the US. They also live in parts of Central and South America. Alligator snappers are usually found only in the southeastern US. They need fresh or brackish water with muddy bottoms and lots of vegetation. This makes it easy for them to hide. Snapping turtles spend almost all their time in water, but when it’s time to lay eggs, the female goes on land to find sandy soil. In the wild, they may live over 75 years.

smooth shell

How Do They Behave? Snappers cannot hide inside

their shells as well as other turtles. They are solitary, meaning they live alone. The only contact they have with each other is when they fight, usually over territory. Snappers can be very vicious when they are taken from the water, but they calm down when placed back in. They like to bury themselves in mud, with only their nostrils and eyes exposed. This is how they surprise prey.

What Do They Eat?

They eat a wide variety of small animals and water plants. A snapper has a small growth on the end of its tongue that they can wiggle around to make it look like a worm. To capture fish, the snapper opens its mouth to make the “worm” visible. When a fish comes to the worm, SNAP! The snapper has its lunch.

Do They Make Good Pets? Snappers are interest-

ing turtles, but it’s not a good idea to keep them as pets. Snappers continue to grow throughout their lives and can weigh hundreds of pounds. It’s never a good idea to pick up a snapper. A snapper’s neck is very long, and before you know it, it can whip its head around and give you a vicious bite. It’s better for a snapper – and your fingers – to remain in its natural habitat.

photos by Ken Tapp

Sometimes, by accident, a turtle gets turned upside down. It seems helpless as it wiggles its legs and moves its head from side-to-side, but it isn’t. All of a sudden, the turtle flips over and walks away. What did it do to make itself turn right-side up? You can find out the secret by making your own turnover model turtle.

What You Need:

Making the Turtle 1. Ask the adult to slice the ball in

half. You will use one half to make the turtle's "shell."

2. Set the half-ball on the

cardboard, and draw around the edge to make a circle. The circle will be the turtle and its bottom shell. Take away the ball, and draw a head, tail, and legs on the edges of the circle like in the illustration. Make sure the feet face forward and back, as shown.

3. Glue the coin to the cardboard

so that it is at the edge, between the feet on one side.

• a Styrofoam ball about 1-1/2" to 2" in diameter • a piece of cardboard

4. Put glue all over the circle,

• a coin, such as a penny or a nickel

and glue the half-ball to it. Let the glue dry thoroughly.

• scissors, glue, and a pencil • an adult with a sharp knife to help you

If you wish, you can use markers to draw eyes, claws, and decorate the top of the shell.

Make the Turtle Turn Over

How Does the Turtle Do It?

How Do Real Turtles Do It?

Place the turtle upside down on a table or the floor. As long as you hold it, it will stay upside down, but the moment you let go, it will flip right-side up!

The way the turtle flips looks like a magic trick, but it isn't. The science secret is GRAVITY. The coin makes the turtle heavier on that side, so when you set it on its back, the weight of the coin moves that side down. Because the shell is curved, it rolls easily and flips over.

When a real turtle finds itself on its back, it wiggles its feet and moves its head back and forth. This shifts its weight from side-to-side. When its head and its feet point to the same side, that side becomes heavier. The turtle then turns over, just like your turn-over turtle!

written and illustrated by Jan M. Van Pelt

Have you ever wondered what kind of pet you might own that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t shed, take up a lot of room, or eat you out of house and home? Turtle aquariums are an interesting hobby for both boys and girls. Turtles are entertaining to watch and to study.

A turtle aquarium is the best home for your pet turtle. Make an island in the middle of the tank One of the most commonly kept turtles is the with at least one side completely immersed in red-eared slider. These reptiles are found all over water. Then the turtle will receive valuable exercise the United States in all types of water except cold as it climbs in and out of the water. mountain streams. Fill the tank with water that is three to four inches from the top of the island. The turtle needs adequate space to climb out onto a resting area. Keep the temperature of the water between 77 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. An aquarium heater and thermometer will help with this. Small gravel, the same as for a fish tank, should be used for the One way to select a healthy turtle is to observe bottom of the aquarium. Use a filter to keep the its quickness. A healthy turtle will try strenuously tank as clean as possible, and change the water at to avoid capture. Healthy turtles also have clear least once a week to keep your pet turtle healthy. eyes and hard shells. A lid on the tank will prevent excess evaporation. A fluorescent light will provide warmth for the turtlesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; shells while they lie on the island and rest or sleep. Red-eared sliders are webbed-footed water turtles with sharp claws on the ends of their toes. There is a red streak on each side of their heads and sometimes a red spot on their heads. They have the distinction of probably being the first turtle to have color variants developed by breeders.

Red-eared sliders will eat Purina Trout Chow, vegetables, cat kibble, fish, super mealworms, fruit, and leafy vegetables such as bean sprouts and collard greens. Feed your turtle at least twice a day. The red-eared slider will thrive in captivity with proper care. It will become an amusing, simple-tokeep, and rewarding pet. You might want to look for a turtle and tortoise club near you or start one yourself. Enjoy your turtle!

written and illustrated by Judy Fazio Cranky wouldn’t eat his food flakes or pellets. In fact, he wouldn’t do anything. Healthy freshwater turtles are active and hungry. Something was wrong! Did you know poor nutrition is one of the main reasons most pet turtles live for only a couple of months?

We love this!

Herpetologists who study reptiles say captive turtles need a varied diet and occasional live foods. This provides essential vitamins and keeps life interesting. Here are some ideas of how to put some zing into your turtle’s mealtimes. You’ll soon learn what meats and vegetables are favorites. In small, easy-to-swallow, bite-size pieces, try dandelion flowers and leaves, lettuce, spinach, chopped carrots, and dry cat or dog food. Sprinkle with water. Place room-temperature food bits, such as raw, fat-free ground beef, chicken or beef heart, liver, chopped freshwater fish, unsalted shrimp, hardboiled eggs, melon, and canned cat or dog food clumps close to edge of water. Fatty foods such as pork cause digestion problems! Sometimes live foods aren’t available. You can serve dead food that appears alive by slowly waving the food bits in front of your turtle. Force your turtle to catch the food. In the wild, they catch all their food. Help satisfy those hunting instincts. Don’t worry. Turtles have a grip, but no teeth. Tame turtles will take bits of food from your fingers. To prevent soft-shell, pets need store-bought vitamin supplements. Give calcium, multi-vitamins, and mineral salts. Follow package directions. Today Cranky’s heavy shell doesn’t stop him from scooting across his tank. He happily devours whatever mealtime surprise awaits him. He loves playing “catch the food.” His tiny horseshoe-shaped jaw imprints adorn our fingers. Starvation from poor nutrition? Never!

You’ll need: 3 eggs 1 pkg. spinach 2 pkgs. fish fillets 1 cup fresh beef liver 5 small packets plain, unflavored gelatin

Ask an adult for help.

calcium and multi-vitamins (optional)

Directions: 1. In blender, puree chopped liver, fish, spinach, and eggs until smooth. 2. On medium heat, bring mixture to boil. (Careful! It burns easily!) Let cool. 3. Prepare gelatin by package instructions. 4. Stir gelatin, calcium, and multi-vitamins into cooled mixture. Spread evenly in baking dish. Refrigerate until firm. 5. Cut and wrap one-inch cubes in plastic wrap. Freeze for future use. 6. At feeding time, cut off bite-size pieces and serve at room temperature. (Makes enough for about six months)

by Ann Stalcup

Bird Island is only one mile long and less than onehalf wide. Situated in the Indian Ocean a thousand miles from Africa's east coast, it is the northernmost of the Seychelles' 115 islands. When it was discovered in 1771, Bird Island was uninhabited. Now it has a small hotel, nothing else.

Everyone who visits the island wants to see Esmeralda, a 657-pound giant tortoise. Esmeralda is a land cousin of the sea turtles. The green and hawksbill turtles are terrestrial and aquatic, meaning they live both on land and in the water. In spite of the name, Esmeralda is a male.

Bird Island was named for the more than one million birds that nest there. The island also is an important nesting ground for green sea turtles and hawksbill sea turtles. When the turtles arrive in September and October, the females lay their eggs in shallow holes on the beach. To protect them, Serge, the hotel owner, takes the eggs to a hatchery area. Because green turtles are harvested for their meat, they have become endangered. For centuries, hawksbill turtles have been harvested for their beautiful shells. They, too, are endangered. Serge takes the survival of both species very seriously.

At least 200 years old, Esmeralda is probably the world's oldest and heaviest tortoise. It is believed that in 1808, he was a passenger (intended to be the sailors' dinner) on a French ship that was shipwrecked on Bird Island's reef. The survivors built a raft and sailed to a larger island in the Seychelles chain. Esmeralda has lived there ever since, spending his days happily munching tropical plants.

When the turtle babies hatch, they race toward the brightest point on the horizon, the sea. Nothing must confuse or divert them in their rush to the sea, so during hatching months, the hotel has no outdoor lights at night. The restaurant is lit by candles, and guests carry flashlights.

The beautiful and interesting Seychelles are a long journey from the United States. Bird Island is quite different from the other islands in the group. Flying there in a tiny 20-seater plane is a wonderful adventure as you look down on the tiny island, the brilliant blue ocean, and a sky filled with birds.

Esmeralda is not the only giant tortoise on the island. Raphael and Jeffrey, a large, yellow-patterned tortoise, have the run of the island too. Jeffrey really does run. By the time your camera is focused, he has disappeared!

by Anita Nahta Amin Logan had made a list: skim board, kite surf, parasail. He saw other kids doing those things at the beach. But Mom had said, “Too dangerous.” Now he could only snorkel, build sandcastles, and treasure hunt. Safe stuff. Would he have anything exciting to talk about after this vacation? As he shuffled through the sand with his parents, a man driving a Jeep stopped and inspected an area that was taped off. “A crime scene!” Logan cried. “Turtle nest,” the man grunted. His nametag read: Mr. Riley, Volunteer Turtle Patrol. “Oh.” Logan frowned. “I picked up a turtle once.” Mr. Riley shook his head. “These are sea turtles. Some are bigger than you.” “Really?” Logan studied the nest, seeing only sand. “Where are they?” Mr. Riley jerked a thumb toward the ocean. “Mama’s there. She buried her eggs here. They’ll hatch any day. So don’t touch the nest because that’s a crime. Sea turtles are endangered.” He left. Logan went snorkeling, scanning the ocean for giant turtles. He thought he saw one, but it was only seaweed. Later that evening, while Logan sat on the porch, Mr. Riley stormed by and kicked down Logan’s sandcastle. “Hey!” Logan cried. Mr. Riley strode over. “Those babies will need to get to the ocean to survive. Sandcastles block their way. They could drown in that moat, choke on that candy wrapper flag. No garbage around the nests.” Mr. Riley pointed at the porch light. “And turn that off. They’re attracted to light and might crawl toward yours, instead of the water.” Logan switched his light off. He scanned the neighborhood. Only the moon and stars glowed. Every morning and night, Mr. Riley surveyed the nest. “Did they hatch?” Logan always asked. “Not yet,” Mr. Riley always grunted. One night his neighbor’s light stayed on. Logan couldn’t believe it. He stared at the brightness. He turned toward the nest. What if the turtles hatched and went toward that light? Or wandered past it onto the street and got hurt? “Mom, Dad,” Logan yelled. “We have to go next door!” With his dad, Logan went next door and knocked. Nobody answered. Logan tried again. Finally, a man wearing pajamas opened the door. Logan apologized. “Your light’s on. The turtles . . .” “Oh, I forgot.” The man turned his light off. The next morning, Logan found Mr. Riley digging up the nest. “One hundred.” Mr. Riley finished counting cracked eggshells. “They hatched!” Logan beamed. “Safely,” Mr. Riley added with a small smile. That night Mom asked, “So, Logan, did you do everything on your list?” “My list?” Logan had forgotten about it. He found it and crossed out everything. Then he scrawled: Helped save 100 baby sea turtles. Nothing could beat that.

“You have your shell on backwards.”

“The horn is in case I decide to pass somebody.”

by Brandon Fall by Joe Bore

“Mom says I’m too young to have a dog.”

by Jim Browne

Turtle Testers

by John Quinn

by Guy Belleranti

at Why did the turtle be the rabbit in a race?

Answer: The rabbit was having a bad “hare” day.

What turtle h as the best eyesi ght?

o! ”

“Aaachoo

by the Thomas Bros.

“Tammy, you always seem to be the last one to class.”

Answer: a “see” turtle

by Joe Bore

“Let’s start walking. That taxi is getting you nowhere.” 29

Picture Puzzle on page 2

Turtle Search on page 15

D T H E E L A R T T R O

G R E E N X N G E S T L I E I

S E A T T U S M T

L A P H E U L I E D E T N I A P E S A D S T H E R B A C A K K A E S E A T U R T L N E A R B A D

R D G A L A P A G O S

Message about another turtle:

THE LARGEST TURTLE IS THE LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLE.

Turtle Talk on page 15 START

L I N H E T A E R

E E I L N E N

T R E C L T S D O

H E M H F T E H T

E O S H E S I A E

S P W A G N G V S

Y T A F E L G E E

A I C V D A T L T

R S T E O Y R E H

A H A N U S N

B O S P U L T T A by E.C. Ball

FINISH Interesting turtle facts:

They are reptiles which have a shell, feed on plants, lay eggs, and have no teeth.

Turtle Crossing on page 14 G M A A R L R E A G D P H I N G E D A N A G A R O S O F T S H E L D E D B I G H E A D E D A M L L L O G G E R H E A D N O B A S P O T T E D W O O D B A X H R M A P D E S E R C D R K P A B A C O O T K M A T A M A T A

S H I A D W E K N S E B A C K I K L E L E D G P O A S N A P P I N G H C S E A S T A R K T I E O N R S K T L P O I O I N T E D S E E R R

Picture Puzzle on page 14

Turtle Sudoku on page 14

U R T T

L S E L E S U T R T

T R S L U R U L T E T S T S E L R U T E T

S L U E T T R T T R S U E L Photo Credits: Andrea Westmoreland [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons 9 (inset); FWS Southeast Region [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons 9 (bottom); Becky Gregory [CC BY-NC-SA 2.0], via FWS 10 (terrapin); FWS [Public domain] 10 (tortoise), 12 (hatchling), 22 (bottom); NOAA 10 (sea turtle); Georgia Aquarium 12 (top), 13; CDC/ Eric Grafman 24 (bottom); Mark Sullivan, NOAA Permit 10137-07 27.

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