Contents
PREISSMURPHY A&A
Education Group
PO Box 1529, Corvallis, OR, USA 97339 info@preissmurphy.com Text © Sandra Waswasinkva
PREISS MURPHY and PREISS MURPHY SCHOOL PUBLISHERS are trademarks of Preiss Murphy A&A Education Group. Database rights Preiss Murphy A&A Education Group (maker). ISBN 978-9-957-37888-2 First published 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 No unauthorized copying Report all violations immediately, in confidence, to the Publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Preiss Murphy A&A Education Group, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department, Preiss Murphy A&A Education Group, at the address above. It is not permitted to circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.
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5A Eating and Health • • • • • • • • •
Lovely Food Eating and Health 1 Eating and Health 2 Animal Teeth 1 Animal Teeth 2 Human Teeth 1 Human Teeth 2 Looking After Your Teeth 1 Looking After Your Teeth 2
5D Rocks and Soil
4 6 7 8 10 11 13 14 16
5B Helping Plants to Grow • Fruits and Vegetables • The Plant Factory • The Plant Factory: Looking at Leaves • The Plant Factory: Looking at Roots • Grow Your Own Bean Plant • How Plants Spread Seeds • Growing Seeds 1 • Growing Seeds 2 • Growing Plants
Different Materials 1 Different Materials 2 Different Materials 3 Hard-wearing Materials 1 Hard-wearing Materials 2 Other Properties of Materials Other Properties of Materials: Absorbent Materials • Materials that Melt • Materials that Change 1 • Materials that Change 2
44 46 47 48 49 50 52 53
5E Magnets and Springs Are Forces 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 27 28
• Forces • Magnets and Materials 1 • Magnets and Materials 2 • Magnets and Materials 3 • Magnets and Materials 4 • Springs 1 • Springs 2
Magnetic Magnetic Magnetic Magnetic
54 55 59 60 61 62 64
5F Light and Shadow
5C Properties of Materials • • • • • • •
• Natural Materials • Natural and Manufactured Materials • The Wonder of Rocks • Rock Hardness • What Are Rocks Used For? • Soil 1 • Soil 2 • Soil 3
30 32 33 34 36 37 39 40 42 43
• Forming Shadows • Forming Shadows: How Shadows Are Made 1 • Forming Shadows: How Shadows Are Made 2 • Shadows Outside 1 • Shadows Outside 2 • Opaque, Translucent and Transparent 1 • Opaque, Translucent and Transparent 2 • Shadow Puppets 1 • Shadow Puppets 2 • Well done! You have finished this book
66 68 69 70 72 73 75 76 78 79
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5A Eating and Health 5A Lovely Food We all know that every living thing needs food to live. There are lots of choices for us when eating. Making the right choice of what food we eat is very important.
The Eatwell Plate Healthy eating helps keep your body strong, full of energy and working at its best. Many scientists and nutritionists around the world have studied the effects of food on health and have designed a formula for healthy eating. It’s called the Eatwell Plate, and it is a good guide for healthy eating. The Eatwell Plate shows five different food groups and the amount you should eat. It is a good idea to learn about the five food groups so you know which foods belong in which food group and how much of each you should be eating.
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We must eat and drink from all the food groups to achieve the right balance of good health and obtain the nutrients in the correct amounts that we need to grow and gain energy. Eating and drinking a variety of foods will help us keep a healthy body weight and prevent illnesses and diseases including heart disease, diabetes and some cancers.
4
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Before you eat, think about what goes on your plate or in your cup or bowl. To learn more about building a healthy plate, choose a food group and learn what it does for you.
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5A Eating and Health 1
•
Fruits and Vegetables - 35% of your plate Fruits and vegetables are a good source of many vitamins and minerals such as vitamins A, B, C and E, and potassium, magnesium and calcium. You should include in your meals a variety of vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, spinach, zucchini, eggplant, mushrooms, cucumbers and tomatoes.
5A Eating and Health 2 Questions 1. Look at the plates below. Tick ( Eatwell recommended plan.
) the plate that most accurately follows the
Fruits are also important. There is strong evidence that for each serving of fruit, you reduce the risk of illnesses, stroke and weight gain. You should include in your meals and snacks fruits such as apples, pears, oranges, grapefruit, bananas, peaches, plums and melons.
•
Grains – 30% of your plate Any food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley or another cereal grain, is a grain product. Bread, pasta, oatmeal, breakfast cereals, tortillas and grits are examples of grain products. Grains give you energy. Athletes need a lot of energy, so they eat grains at every meal. Including whole grains in your diet reduces heart disease and gives several B vitamins and minerals for overall good health.
•
Proteins – 15% of your plate Foods from this group provide a wide variety of nutrients, such as iron, zinc and B12, for muscle strength and overall good health. Meat is a good source of protein. Eating lamb, beef, fish, chicken, eggs, nuts, chickpeas and lentils will help you grow.
•
Dairy – 15% of your plate Milk and any food made from milk, such as yogurt, ice cream, pudding and cheese, are considered part of the dairy food group. Dairy is a good source of calcium and Vitamin D, which is good for growing bones and teeth. You should include in your meals a variety of dairy products for strong bones and teeth.
•
Fats and Sugars – 5% of your plate Items from this group include butter, oil, fats and sweets. Many health-related problems are linked to poor eating. Too much fat, salt and sugary foods can cause diabetes and heart disease.
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2. Write down what you ate for dinner last night. 3. Did you follow the Eatwell recommended plan? What was missing? What did you eat too much of? Remember that meat and fish help you grow, grains give you energy, and fruits and vegetables help protect you against illnesses. You do it. Build an Eatwell plate. Find pictures of your favourite foods from the food groups and make a plate that follows the Eatwell recommended plan.
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5A Animal Teeth 1 Animals and humans need teeth to eat. Different teeth do different jobs.
This is a picture of a horse's jaw.
A
A
It has very long incisors to cut grass and hay. Its molar teeth are very flat. They are used for grinding food. Horses only eat vegetation and are called a herbivores.
This is a picture of a squirrel's jaw.
B
This is the jaw bone of a dog.
Squirrels have specialised incisors in the front for breaking through nutshells. The molar teeth are for grinding. They eat nuts, fruits and seeds and sometimes insects and other small animals if they are hungry. Squirrels are omnivores.
The front teeth, called incisors, cut the food. The long, pointed teeth, called canines, grip the food.
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A dog has special back teeth or molars. These are called carnassial teeth. They rip the food into small pieces.
Questions 1. What kinds of animals have carnassial teeth?
A dog is a carnivore. This means that it eats meat.
2. How are horses' teeth adapted for their diet of grass?
Remember
• Different teeth have different jobs.
• Animals have teeth that are shaped to cut the food (diet) 3. Why does a squirrel have specialised incisors? they eat.
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5A Animal Teeth 2
5A Human Teeth 1
Animals have teeth that are shaped to cut the food they eat. Look at the animals in the pictures. A carnivore is an animal that eats meat. • One eats meat. A herbivore is an animal that eats • One eats grass. plants. • One eats berries and fish. An omnivore is an animal that eats both meat and plants.
Most mammals grow two sets of teeth. The first set are called milk teeth and are found in young mammals.
Look at the shape of the teeth in each skull and then finish the sentences.
This is a picture of a human skull showing the different types of permanent teeth.
leopard
donkey
In humans, the milk teeth are replaced between the ages of 5 and 17. The second set are called permanent teeth. How many teeth do you have?
black bear
A leopard eats
A donkey eats
A black bear eats
It is a
It is a
and
It is an Write down the names of two more animals that are herbivores, carnivores and omnivore. herbivores
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carnivores
omnivores
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2.
2.
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5A Human Teeth 2 Humans are omnivores. This means that they eat both meat and vegetables. Their teeth are adapted to eat both kinds of food.
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Use a mirror to look at your teeth.
Draw a picture of your face. Make sure that you are smiling in the picture and draw your teeth.
Write about why humans need teeth.
Colour any of your teeth that are permanent. These words might help you: mouth, eat, bite, chew, food, small, large, pieces, swallow. Look at this picture of a mouth.
Things to do 1. Survey all the people in your class to find out how many of each kind of tooth they have. 2. Make a table in your science book to record your findings. 3. Use your results to draw a bar chart. Note:The only people in your classroom that are likely to have any wisdom teeth are your teachers or classroom helpers. Wisdom teeth do not grow until you are in your late teens or early 20s.
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Remember
• We need teeth to chew our food.
Incisors are sharp, straight teeth for cutting and biting. Look at the bottom set of teeth. Colour the molars red. Colour the incisors blue. Write the name of this tooth.
Molars are large, flat teeth with ridges for crushing and chewing.
Write the name of this tooth.
• We need to brush and floss our teeth regularly, so that they will last a long time.
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5A Looking After Your Teeth 1 A
This is a picture of a tooth that has been left in a cola drink. Can you see the tooth decay?
C Eating an apple or brushing your teeth after every meal can help prevent tooth decay.
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Questions 1. How many times a day should you brush your teeth? 2. What is the name of the substance that sticks to teeth after eating? Eatingtoo toomany manysugary sugaryfoods foodsmakes makesplaque plaquedevelop developand andteeth teethdecay. decay. Eating
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3. What can you do to stop tooth decay?
Remember
• Keep your teeth and gums healthy by brushing them regularly. • If you eat sugary foods, you must brush your teeth to prevent tooth decay.
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5A Looking After Your Teeth 2
Why is it important to keep your teeth healthy?
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Name the things that can harm your teeth.
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These words might help you: chew, eat, bite, milk teeth, permanent teeth, decay, sugar, plaque, toothbrush, toothpaste, clean, brush, dentist.
Write what you can do to keep your teeth healthy.
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