TOTEM LAKE
Kirkland, Washington
LOCATION MAP
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON | URBDP 479/579 | URBAN FORM | A2 | AUTUMN 2014 G A B R I E L C A S H | L I Z Z I E M O L L | A N A S E I V E RT | M E I C H E N G PA N
CONTEXT MAP N
Kingsgate Neighborhood
NE 132nd St Totem Lake Neiborhood
NE 124th St
NE 116th St
Juanita Bay
Context Map Commercial Area Research Area
• Major access on I-405 • Most retail areas at the intersection of I-405 and NE 124th Street • Some small retail areas within two miles • A few major streets enter the research area, most notably: 124th Ave NE, NE 132nd St, NE 124th St, NE 116th St • Circulation in this region is not necessarily orthogonal, there are many dead ends
BASE MAP N
Housing Units per Acre .000000 .000001 - 5.0
1:12,000
5.000001 - 10.0 10.000001 - 20.0 20.000001 - 31.0
0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Streets Half Mile Radius Building Footprints
• Parcel size in the north is obviously smaller than the south • North of NE 132nd St land use is mainly single-family residential • South of NE 132nd St land use also includes hospitals, commercial and multi-family residential • Building type in the south is more diverse than the north because of the distribution of land use
DEMOGRAPHICS N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
¯
Totem Census Blocks Totem Census Blocks • Census blocks follow the parcels in the area fairly closely Totem Parcels Totem Parcels Building Footprints• There are a few small circular census block areas - these are culBuilding Footprints de-sacs.
Total Land Area (Acres)
Total Population
574.4
5337
Gross population density Gross housing density
Total number of Housing units 2457
5337 people/574.4 acres = 9.3 people/acre 2457 housing units/574.4 acre = 4.3 housing units/acre
DEMOGRAPHICS N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Housing Units per Acre Housing Units per Acre .000000 .000001 - 5.0 5.000001 - 10.0 10.000001 - 20.0 20.000001 - 31.0 Streets Half Mile Radius Building Footprints
• The densest housing is located within the multi-family units South of 132nd • There are no housing units within the medical offices or retal areas • The most common housing type is fewer than five housing units per acre
DEMOGRAPHICS N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Population per Acre 0 .001 - 10 10.001 - 14 14.001 - 20 20.001 - 53 Half Mile Radius Streets
• There is no population density in the commercially zoned areas. • The highest density population is in the multi-family housing units. • The area around the ravine has a lower population density per acre because of the topography.
DEMOGRAPHICS N
1:12,000
Percent of Owned Units Percent of Owned Units Percent 0% of Owned Units
0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
0% 0.001% - 25% 0.001% - -25% 25.001% 50% 25.001% - 75% 50% 50.001% 50.001% - 100% 75% 75.001% 75.001% - 100% Streets Streets Half Mile Radius Half MileFootprints Radius Building Building Footprints
• Most of the single-family housing units have a high percentage of owned units • The medical offices and retail areas do not have tenant owned units • A few multi-family houses have some tenant owned units, while others are rental only units.
TOPOGRAPHY N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Topography (Slope in Degrees)
• Most of the land in the research area is relatively flat • Major change in topography exists to the South of NE 132nd St which is mostly vacant and open space • The ravines in the northeast and south quadrants create barriers for development and include some vacant parcels.
LAND USE N
Existing Land Key to The MapUses Commercial Comercial
1:12,000
Low Density Residential Medium Density Residen Office Bank
0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Hotel Related Health Related Government School Church Industrial
• Most of the land to the north of NE 132nd St is single family housing • Retail and office areas concentrate at the south-west area coner o the study area
High Tech
• Large proportion of medical-related land use
Warehouse
• Some storm water ponds exist in the research area which are currently not used as open space
Utility Open Space Parking Vacant Right of Way
• Some industry and warehouse land uses in the south-east corner of the study area
LAND USE N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Residential and Commerical Zoning Other Types of Land Commercial Low Density Residentail Medium Density Residential Open Space
• Shows single-family residential uses, multi-family uses, commercial uses and open spaces • Most multi-family uses are south of NE 132nd St • There are four to five different multi-family projects in total
LAND USE N
1:12,000 Commercial Zoning Residential Other Types of Land Service Station Office Building Bank Hotel Related Shopping Center Retail Store
0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
• Shows residential, office and retail uses • Retail and office areas are concentrated at the southwest corner of the study area • Most of the nearby retail services are outside the research area at the intersection if I-405 and NE 124th St • Hard to access services in adjoining area by walking; an auto is a more convenient option
LAND USE N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Potential Land for Development Developed Land Open Space Parking Vacant
• Shows developed land, vacant land, open space, and streets to indicate possible patterns of future development • Most undeveloped land is south of NE 132nd St • Most undeveloped land is used as storm water ponds and open space
LAND USE DISTRIBUTION Land Use Distribution Land Use Type
Total Land Area (Acres) Bank 3.08 Church 0.84 Commercial/Retail 27.24 Health Related 58.02 Hotel/Motel 3.71 Industrial 10.05 Single-family 213.47 Residential Multi-family 73.70 Residential Office Building 5.86 Open Space 27.10 Right-Of-Way 2.78 Service Station 0.51
% of Land
Vacant Warehouse TOTAL
9.70 1.99 100%
46.81 9.63 482.80
0.64 0.17 5.64 12.02 0.77 2.08 44.21 15.26 1.21 5.61 0.58 0.11
Residential Housing Distribution • Residential accounts for more than half of the land use in the study area • Health related is the predominant land use type after residential land use.
Housing Type
# of Units
Single-family
1,184
213.51
Net Density (Total # Units/ Total Residential 5.55
Multi-family (Apartment)
664
73.70
9.01
• Vacant land includes Totem Lake as well as storm water remediation ponds. Total Area
(Acres)
Vacant Warehouse TOTAL
46.81 9.63 482.80
9.70 1.99 100%
LAND USE DISTRIBUTION Residential Housing Distribution Residential Housing Housing Type
# of Units
Total Area (Acres)
Single-family Commercial/Retail Land 1,184Distribution 213.51 Multi-family 664 73.70 (Apartment) Land Use Type Total Building Total Parcel Multi-family Commercial/Retail Land Distribution 457 73.70 Area (Sqft) Area(Sqft) (Condos) Bank 2,1787.57 134,040.63 Multi-family 196 73.70 Retail/Shopping (Retirement Facility) 353,989.60 1,186,432.75 Land Use Type Total Building Total Parcel Centers Area (Sqft) Area(Sqft) Commercial/Retail Land Distribution Office Buildings 58,852.11 255,175.17 Bank 2,1787.57 134,040.63 Commercial/Retail Retail/Shopping 353,989.60 1,186,432.75 Land Use Type Total Building Total Parcel Centers Area (Sqft) Area(Sqft) Office Buildings 58,852.11 255,175.17 Health Related Land Use Distribution Bank 2,1787.57 134,040.63 Retail/Shopping 353,989.60 1,186,432.75 Centers Office Buildings 58,852.11 255,175.17 Health Related Use Distribution Land Use Type Land Total Building Total Parcel Area (Sqft) Area(Sqft) HospitalRelated 1,998,038 1,204,507.171 Health Medical/Dental 507,938 1,433,046.337 Land Use Type Land Total Building Total Parcel Health Related Use Distribution Office Area (Sqft) Area(Sqft) Hospital 1,998,038 1,204,507.171 Medical/Dental 507,938 1,433,046.337 Land Use Type Total Building Total Parcel Office Area (Sqft) Area(Sqft) Hospital Land Tally 1,998,038 1,204,507.171 Vacant Medical/Dental 507,938 Land Use Type Vacant Parcels 1,433,046.337 Office Single-family 15
Net Density (Total # Units/ Total Residential Area) Acres 5.55 9.01 Floor Area 6.20 (FAR) Ratio 0.163 2.66 0.30 Area Floor Ratio (FAR) 0.231 0.163 0.30 Floor Area Ratio (FAR) 0.231 0.163 0.30 0.231 Floor Area Ratio (FAR) 1.66 0.35 Floor Area Ratio (FAR) 1.66 0.35 Floor Area Ratio (FAR) 1.66 0.35
Multi-family 1 Vacant Land Tally Industrial 1 Land Use Type Vacant Parcels Commercial 6 Single-family 15 Multi-family 1 Vacant Land Tally Industrial • Main character of 1the study area surrounds presence of residential housing and the hospital • Main characteroffices of the study Parcels area surrounds presence of residential housing and the hospital and Land Use Commercial 6Vacant and Type medical medical offices Single-family 15 • Totem Lake Mall is the source of the majority of commercial/retail activity, includes Multi-family 1 • • Totem Lake Mallrestaurants, the study source of the majority of commercial/retail activity, includes grocery stores, grocery stores, clothing stores etc. Main character ofis 1the area surrounds presence of residential housing and the hospital Industrial restaurants, clothing stores, and a movie theater etc. • and No school medicalwithin offices6our study area, however there is one just outside our boundary Commercial Hospital has FAR 1study due to multiple levels underground parking Totem Lake Mallour is>the source ofhowever the majority of commercial/retail includes • • No school within area, thereand is one just outside of activity, our boundary grocery stores, restaurants, clothing stores etc. Main character study surrounds of residential housing and the hospital • • Hospital has FARof>the 1 due to area multiple levels presence and underground parking • No school within our study area, however there is one just outside our boundary and medical offices • Hospital has FAR > 1 due to multiple levels and underground parking • Totem Lake Mall is the source of the majority of commercial/retail activity, includes
ZONING N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Current Zoning Low Density Residential Medium Density Residential High Density Residential Commercial Office Institutions Park/Open Space Industrial
• Map of current zoning is quite close to current land use • More multi-family uses are developed to the south along NE 132nd St • There has been a small increase in commercial and office uses • Current zoning limits high density development especially to the North of 132nd St.
ASSESSED PROPERTY VALUE N
1:12,000
Value in Dollars Per Sqft
0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
0 - 13 14 - 32 33 - 41 42 - 51 52 - 64 65 - 80 81 - 97 98 - 118 119 - 213 214 - 459
• In general, the land north of NE 132nd St has been assessed at a higher value than the land south of NE 132nd St • Highest value belongs to some of the single family housing north of NE 132nd St • Some multi-family uses and medical related uses around I-405 have a relatively higher value than other parcels in adjoining parcels • Lowest value areas belong to the hospital, some multi-family uses, industrial uses, and open spaces
BUILDING TYPES N
SINGLE-FAMILY
MULTI-FAMILY
RETAIL
SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT
H Pl
124TH Ave NE
34T NE 1
0
125
250
500
Main Entry Driveway Walkway
N
126TH Pl NE
126TH Ct NE
125TH Ave NE
124TH Ct NE
NE 133RD Pl
750
Main Entry Driveway Walkway
Feet 1,000Entry Main
Driveway Walkway
• This single family home is part of the Firloch 10 subdivision in 1976. Access is from 124th Ave NE and NE 134th Place. This split level bungalow has a two car garage and entry facing the street.
NTS 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Map Source for Building Types: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS,USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community.
126
126TH
MULTI-FAMILY DEVELOPMENT TH
124th Ave NE
125TH
NE 132ND St
130TH
0
125
N
250
500
750
Building Entry
Carport Parking
Parking
Fence Walkway
Clubhouse/Office
Feet 1,000
Development Access
• Salish Village Condominiums were built in 1978. This development is a collection of 3-story buildings, a one story office building and 11 covered parking structures. Access to the development is from NE 132nd Street. NTS 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
RETAIL DEVELOPMENT
NE
128
TH
Stre
et
NE
1 28 T
H Stre et
H
0T
12 E
eN Av
tem To
0
125
250
N
1,000
1,500
L
500
750
Building Entry
Fence
Parking
Walkway
Movie Theater
Grocery Store
Feet 1,000
Development Access Landscaped Edge
• Totem Lake Mall East was completed in 1974, and includes a grocery store, movie theater and several shops in a strip mall style. The development has ample parking and seperated from Totem Lake Mall West by 120th Ave NE
NTS 0 250 500
ay W ake
Feet 2,000
TRANSPORTATION N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Street Designation for Bikes Bike Lane Shared Use
• Dedicated bike lanes on major roads
Unknown/Shoulder
• Bike lane is cut off on NE 132nd St by a section of the road that is a shoulder
TRANSPORTATION N
0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
• Continuous curvilinear and cul-de-sac residential street types • Estimated residential block 350 feet, retail/commercial block 700 feet • Public streets dedicated to single-family, private streets loacted in multi-family development • Railroad no longer utilized, but still a present feature
TRANSPORTATION N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Trails and Pedestrian Routes Fences Crosswalks Sidewalks Trails
• Shows single-family residential area has majority of sidewalks lining at least one side of the road • Crosswalks located in retail/commercial areas • Main trails are designated in park/open space areas • Fences separate open space from sidewalks/streets
TRANSPORTATION N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
• Bus routes mainly located on arterials between housing and retail/ commercial • Stops provided within retail/commercial/medical areas • Routes and stops also present around 132nd Square Park • Bus routes include: 235 (between Bellevue and Kenmore), 236 (between Kirkland and Woodinville), 238 (between Kirkland and Bothell), 255 (between Kirkland and Downtown Seattle), 277 (between Juanita and the University District), and 930 (between Kingsgate and Redmond) • Main transit hub is outside of the half mile boundary in the northwest corner of Kirkalnd. There’s a more recently established hub at the Evergreen Medical Center.
HISTORY N
1:55,000
Year Annexed to Kirkland 1974 1980 2011
0
0.5
1
Northern Pacific Railway 1891
2
Miles 4
3
Interstate 405 1964
Map Source: Bureau Of Land Management, http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/default.aspx (1873 Township Map).
1954 N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
• Large agricultural and forested parcels • Rural community, hinterland of Kirkland • Neighborhood connected by the Woodinville Subdivision of the Northern Pacific Railroad • Steep terrain and a lake prevent roadways along gridlines. The lake has been called Lake Wittenmyer, Lake Wastine, Mud Lake, and Totem Lake
Map Source: University of Washington Library Map Collection. Army Core of Engineers land Survey. (1954).
1970 N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
• Single family residential development occurred first in our study area in the northwest quadrant. Interstate 405 brings access to suburban development. • Notice the clearning in the southwest quadrant. This is for the Totem Lake Center development which includes retail, a regional hospital and multi-family development simultaneously • Roadways for additional single family development are being carved out in the north and southeast quadrants
Map Source: University of Washington Library Map Collection. (1970).
1985 N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
• Evergreen Medical Center, Totem Lake Mall have been established in the southwest quadrant. • Multi-family developments have branched out south with access from NE 132nd Street. • Single-family development continues to expand in the northeast quadrant. • An industrial development springs up in the southeast quadrant.
Map Source: University of Washington Library Map Collection. (1985).
2000 N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
• Evergreen Hospital goes through a large expansion into the large forested track to the east of the original development. • Additional multi-family development occurs at the same time as the hospital expansion. • Single family homes continue to fill in accessible open spaces. The forms of the ravines and lake depression are apparent. • Very little land remains to be developed north of NE 132nd Street.
Map Source: Google Earth.
PRESENT N
1:12,000 0 250 500
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community
• Evergreen Hospital builds a 5 story medical office building, Gateway Center, with 600 stall parking garage and transit center for Sound Transit and King County Metro. • The restricted exit from Interstate 405 to 120th Ave NE brings increased traffic wich separates Totem Lake Mall in two.
Feet Map Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus Getmapping, 0 DS,USDA, 250 500 USGS, 1,000AEX, 1,500 2,000 Aerogrid, present IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community.
TOTEM LAKE ANALYSIS
The 100% corner of our neighborhood is located at NE 132nd St and 124th Ave NE. This location
essentially cut the actual defined area of the Totem Lake neighborhood in half while also incorporating the residential neighborhood, Kingsgate. The half-mile radius from that point did not include any major retail, which is important to include in the neighborhood. It also cut off census blocks so our radius was extended slightly to address those two concerns. The main suburban centers nearest to the study area are Woodinville and Kenmore. The major arterials within the neighborhood are 116th Ave NE, 124th Ave NE, NE 132nd St, NE 124th St, and 132nd Ave NE. Totem Lake is an interesting study area in the sense that it is so heavily focused around housing and the hospital and medical offices. There really is not much retail or commercial land use dedicated to the area, aside from the Totem Lake Mall, which is underutilized as a shopping center. Totem Lake is right off Interstate 405 with most of its retail in this area, however there is retail located within a two-mile radius as well. The neighborhood contains a Trader Joe’s, a gluten free market, restaurants, a movie theater and the onestory shopping center, which accounts for just over 5 percent of total land use in the area. The northeastern parcel of the strip mall was selected as the neighborhood’s representative retail building type. A main component to our study area is the presence of residential housing which accounts for almost 60 percent of land use. The medical/dental offices and Evergreen Medical Center account for 12 percent of land. Totem Lake, once called the Firloch neighborhood, experienced a suburban housing boom in the 1960’s, shortly before I-405 was built in 1964, which increased development. From 1969-1973 Totem Lake Center was developed, which included Evergreen Medical Center, the Totem Lake Mall and multi-family housing. Totem Lake was annexed by the city of Kirkland in 1974, with another spurt of single-family housing development in the 1980’s. More multi-family housing was added again in the 1990’s, while the last years of development have mainly been infill. One of the latest projects was the addition of the Gateway Center, which incorporates parking, transit and an expansion of the hospital.
TOTEM LAKE ANALYSIS
According to the 2010 Census there are 2,457 housing units, 5,337 people occupying those units within
the 574.4 acre neighborhood. Around 93% of these are occupied, 54% owned, and 46% rented, with a gross population density of 9.3 people per acre and 4.3 housing units per acre. Single-family, low-density, housing accounts for about 44 percent of total land use. The dominant single-family building style is a two-story, split-level bungalow. Multi-family, medium-density, housing accounts for roughly 15 percent of total land. The representative building type in this housing category were the condominiums off 124th Ave NE and NE 132nd St. The land value per square foot is also highest typically in the single-family residential portion of the study area.
A little more than half of the selected Totem Lake area is single-family & multi-family residential which
leads to many of the public streets winding through the neighborhood with few entry and exit points. This leaves little cohesion and connectivity in the street network, due to the curvilinear design and presence of cul-de-sacs. A stream runs through the neighborhood and a part of the housing backs up to the ravine where there is a storm water remediation pond. There are a handful of private streets as well, that are mainly dedicated to the multifamily residential areas, but also include the hospital.
Most of the streets in the residential areas have sidewalks, making this conducive for pedestrians, however
there are more sidewalks in the single-family section than in the multi-family. As the area becomes more mixeduse the sidewalks decrease. There are some pedestrian trails located near the parks by 132nd Square Park and by the Totem Lake Park. They have some fencing that limit the accessibility to pedestrians. The fences by Totem Lake act more as a safety precaution because it is marshy and overgrown in that area. The fences by 132nd Square Park however, are more arbitrary and section off the park from the sidewalk unsystematically.
The bus stops and routes run along the main arterials of the neighborhood while also passing through the
Totem Lake Mall. There is an additional transit hub located outside the study area away from the main businesses and medical activity. The transit routes provide access to the businesses most efficiently for people living along main arterials. The only zoned parking is a garage by the hospital, however there is an abundant amount of free parking in dedicated lots around the retail stores and medical offices.
Generally, the main characteristics of the neighborhood surround the limited amount of shopping and
predominant focus of the hospital and housing. Overall, there could be better options in shops and retail that meet the needs of the community while still maintaining the character of the neighborhood.
REMEDIATION N
1:12,000 0 250 500
Suggested Land Use
1,000
1,500
Feet 2,000
Church
Industrial
Mixed Used
Parking
Warehouse
Bank
Health Related
Low Density Residential
Office
Right of Way
Street
Commercial
Hotel Related
Medium Density Residential
Open Space
Vacant
Totem Lake
• Effort to create more pedestrian connections through the neighborhood • Provide better access to natural areas and open space • Zone for mixed-use development at old Totem Lake Mall • Encourage small retail developments in residential areas
REMEDIATION Totem Lake and Kingsgate currently feel like distinct areas separated by NE 132nd Street. As stated previously, Kingsgate is predominantly single-family housing, while the half-mile radius below NE 132nd Street has a mixture of land uses, but medical offices and Evergreen Hospital Medical Center are central presences. There are opportunities to better serve both of these areas and integrate single-family housing units on curvilinear streets with the surrounding area. The cul-de-sac single-family developments north of NE 132nd Street and just northwest of 132nd Avenue and 132nd Street offer few opportunities for pedestrian circulation. A stream runs through land with a present use designation of “vacant”. This stream is a part of the storm water remediation in the single-family neighborhoods. By removing fences around storm water ponds, there are opportunities to have open spaces within low-density residential areas. These “vacant” areas can become part of a neighborhood network that gives people in the residential areas better pedestrian options. Removing unnecessary fences, especially around 132nd Square Park will provide more connectivity to open space in the area. Creating two easements will create a full pedestrian loop around the neighborhood. The first easement should go south from NE 132nd Street towards the right-of-way that was an old railway bed. This easement will allow multi-family and single-family dwellers better access to NE 132nd Street as well as Totem Lake. Totem Lake should be used as a community resource with boardwalks around the lake. In order to connect the flow of pedestrian traffic in the neighborhood, pedestrian traffic should be encouraged up and down 120th Street past the medical centers by widening sidewalks and including pedestrian scale lighting and infrastructure. This will encourage commuting by foot as well as by bus creating a healthier environment for the medical workers. The current Totem Lake Mall in the southwest part of our map between Totem Lake Boulevard NE and 120th Avenue NE is underutilized and much of it is even boarded up. This parcel is a great opportunity for a mixed-use housing development, and can accommodate future growth in the neighborhood. The neighborhood transit station is located outside the half mile radius near Highway 405. With the addition of the mixed-use development, locating the transit hub here would be more efficient and benefit more residents and employees in the area, while still remaining close to the highway. The parcel across 120th Street is a strip mall that includes a Trader Joe’s grocery store. Installing pedestrian infrastructure crossing 120th Street creates easy access between the mixed-use development and retail businesses. There are few points of interest within the low-density residential developments that are not housing units. One way to increase interest is by adding the pedestrian walking trails. Another is to add a few small retail developments on land that is currently vacant. Two corner lots on 124th Avenue NE are vacant. A small development like a coffee shop would encourage community gathering and act as a point of interest in the pedestrian network. It would be on land attached to the open space that has potential to be a park. One block south on 124th Avenue NE is another vacant lot. This could be a place to add a corner store that serves both the single-family houses in the area and also the multi-family housing units across NE 132nd Street. Another area for potential commercial development is on the north side of NE 132nd Street across from 132nd Square Park. This lot includes a parcel that is currently vacant. By making this plot retail, it can serve the low-density developments nearby as well as the medium-density developments across NE 132nd Street, the people who go to the park, and the church and group home to the east. There are more than 500 full time and more than 650 part time staff members working at the Evergreen Health Medical Center. Many of these workers probably live in the low or medium density housing in the study area. Providing better connectivity and more housing options with an added mixed-use development gives the neighborhood an opportunity to become a more complete and walkable suburban center.
BIBLIOGRAPHY BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/default.aspx CROSS KIRKLAND CORRIDOR http://www.kirklandwa.gov/Residents/Community/Cross_Kirkland_Corridor/About.htm EVERGREEN HEALTH MEDICAL STATISTICS http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/wa/evergreen-health-medical-center-6910335/details EVERGREEN HOSPITAL HISTORY http://foundation.evergreenhospital.org/page.aspx?pid=327 GENERAL HISTORY OF KIRKLAND http://www.kirklandwa.gov/depart/CMO/AboutCMO/Frequently_Asked_Questions/History_of_Kirkland.htm HISTORIC WASHINGTON MAPS http://www.historicmapworks.com/Browse/United_States/Washington/Page/2/ HOW RAILROADS INFLUENCED KIRKLAND GROWTH http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=1734 INDUSTRY AND SUBURBAN HISTORY http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=208 INTERSTATE 405 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_405_%28Washington%29 KING COUNTY DATA http://www5.kingcounty.gov/gisdataportal/Default.aspx KING COUNTY HISTORIC PARCEL DATA http://www.kingcounty.gov/operations/archives/environmentalhistory/plats.aspx KIRKLAND GIS DATA http://www.kirklandwa.gov/depart/Information_Technology/GIS.htm KIRKLAND HERITAGE SOCIETY http://kirklandheritage.org/ TOTEM LAKE CULTURAL HISTORY http://www.kirklandwa.gov/Assets/Parks/Parks+PDFs/Totem+Lake+Park+Master+Plan/Totem+Lake+Park+Site+History.pdf TOTEM LAKE MALL HISTORY http://www.kirklandreporter.com/news/113414884.html WASHINGTON RAILROAD MAPS http://www.sos.wa.gov/legacy/ http://www.sos.wa.gov/legacy/images/maps/jpg/SL_railroadmapWA_1928.jpg https://www.sos.wa.gov/legacy/images/maps/jpg/AR_mapA38RailComm1908.jpg WOODINVILLE SUBDIVISION RAIL LINE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodinville_Subdivision