;+lIfKt dfu{bz{s hnkIfLx¿kfOg]¿kftfndf
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p4/0f
;+:s/0f M k|yd, @)^% bf];|f], @)&# sDKo'6/ 6fOk;]l6Ë M uflGwa sfˆn], /rgf yfkf of] k'l:tsfsf] bf];|f] ;+:s/0f :jL; l/;f]{; kmfpG8];gsf] ;xfotfdf k|sfzg ul/Psf] xf] .
n]vg M uflGwa sfˆn], ljdn/fh /]UdL efiff;Dkfbg M zf]efsfGt uf}td
5flkPsf] k|lt M %))
v
M uflGwa sfˆn], ljdn/fh /]UdL, @))*, ?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? -;ª\lIfKt dfu{bz{s_, nL–a8{, j]6Nof08 k|m]08;\ ckm g]kfn, kf]v/f k|sfzg Pj+ k|sfzg clwsf/ M h}ljs ljljwtf, cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo kxn -nL–a8{_, j]6Nof08 k]|mG8;\ ckm g]kfn
;d'bfodf cfwfl/t l;d;f/ kl/of]hgfcGtu{t tof/ kfl/Psf] k'l:tsfsf] ;/;tL{ cWoog u/]+ . ?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?sf] /ËLg lrq;lxt j0f{g ul/Psfn] of] k'l:tsf :YffgLo ;d'bfosf nflu clt g} pkof]uL x'g] b]v]sf] 5' . o; k'l:tsfsf] k|of]uaf6 :yfgLo ;d'bfo Pj+ cfuGt'sx?n] kIfL–;+/If0fdf ?kftfnsf] e"ldsfaf/]df /fd|f] 1fg xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} kIfL cjnf]sg / klxrfgsf nflu ljBfyL{, cg';Gwfgstf{, ko{6s dfu{bz{s, ;fd'bflospTk|]/ssf ;fy} lzIfsju{sf nflu o; k'l:tsfn] w]/} g} d2t k'¥ofpg] cfzf /fv]sf] 5' . o;n] cfGtl/s kof{ko{6gsf] k|jw{gdf klg ;xof]u ug]{5 . cGTodf o; k'l:tsfnfO{ g]kfnLdf tof/ ug'{x'g] o;sf n]vs uflGwj sfˆn] / ljdn/fh /]UdLnfO{ xflb{s ;fw'jfb–1fkg ub{} cfufdL lbgdf klg o:t} pkof]uL s[ltx?sf] n]vgsfo{n] lg/Gt/tf kfO/xf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf;d]t JoQm ub{5' . 8f= k|tfk s'df/ >]i7 sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs nL–a8{, kf]v/f
u
;Ddlt
o; k'l:tsfsf] af/]df
u08sL c~rnsf] sf:sL lhNnfdf cjl:yt ?kftfn kf]v/f pkTosfdf /x]sf ( j6f tfnx?dWo] t];|f] 7"nf] tfn xf] . !!% x]S6/df km}lnPsf] o; tfndf kf]v/fsf cGo tfnx?sf t'ngfdf w]/} k|hfltsf df5f, peor/, :tgwf/L hGt', r/fx? / jg:kltx? kfOPsf 5g\ . ?kftfndf xfn;Dd #^ k|hfltsf hnkIfLx? kfOPsf 5g\ . o; ;ª\lÔKt dfu{bz{sdf ?kftfn Ô]qdf kfOg] k|d'v hnkIfLx?sf] /ËLg lrq;lxtsf] ljj/0f lbOPsf] 5 . ?kftfn Ô]qdf kfOg] k|d'v hnkIfLx?nfO{ lrgfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] o;sf] k|sfzg ul/Psf] xf] . o; k'l:tsfn] :yfgLo afl;Gbf, ljBfyL{, cg';Gwfgstf{, lzÔs, cfGtl/s ko{6s, ;fd'bflos pTk|]/s / jftfj/0f;DaGwL ljifodf rf;f] /fVg] hf]sf]xLnfO{ klg ?kftfn Ô]qsf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf af/]df k|f/lDes 1fg lbg]5 eGg] xfdLn] cfzf /fv]sf 5f}+ . ?kftfn If]qdf kfOg] h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ o; ;+:s/0fdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;Dej gePsfn] kl5Nnf ;+:s/0fx?df qmdzM ylkFb} nfg] k|of; ul/g]5 . o; k'l:tsfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf k|To]s k|hfltsf] /ËLg lrq /flvPsf] 5 . k|To]s k|hfltsf] g]kfnL gfd, cª\u]|hL gfd, j}1flgs gfd, km}nfj6 / jf;:yfg, tyf ljz]Ètfsf] ljj/0f lbOPsf] 5 . oL ljj/0fn] o; k'l:tsfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf k|hfltx?nfO{ lrGg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5g\ eGg] xfdLn] cfzf /fv]sf 5f}+ . cGTodf, o; ;ª\lÔKt dfu{bz{sdf ePsf sdLsdhf]/L x6fpg / ;'wf/sf nflu ;'emfpx?sf] ck]Iff ub{5f}+ . wGojfb
#
z /fhs'df/ sf]O/fnf, jglj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg, kf]v/f
z ef]nf/fd ;'j]bL, ljBfyL{
ljz]if of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 M
z xl/ e08f/L, 6fOu/ dfp06]g kf]v/f nh
z czf]s/fd, j8{ sGhe]{;g g]kfn, kf]v/f zfvf
ª
z s]zj a/fn, jglj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg, kf]v/f
k|:t't k'l:tsfsf] ljsf;df b]xfosf dxfg'efj tyf ;+:yfx?sf]
z pd]z rf}w/L , j]]6Nof08 k|m]G8;\ ckm g]kfn
z x]d;fu/ a/fn, j8{ sGhe]{;g g]kfn
z zs'Gtnf zdf{, jglj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg, kf]v/f
z /lag s8l/of, jglj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg, kf]v/f
z df/s; s6g, 6fOu/ dfp06]g kf]v/f nh
z xl/ clwsf/L, j]]6Nof08 k|m]G8;\ ckm g]kfn
z ;fu/ kf}8]n, jglj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg, kf]v/f
z ;/:jtL cof{n, jglj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg, kf]v/f
z emns/fh rf}w/L, 6fOu/ dfp06]g kf]v/f nh
z xl/eQm clwsf/L, 6fOu/ dfp06]g kf]v/f nh
cfef/
z xl/s'df/ nf}8f/L, 6fOu/ dfp06]g kf]v/f nh
z xl/ kl/of/, 6fOu/ dfp06]g kf]v/f nh
z cDa/ clwsf/L, jglj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg, kf]v/f
z nId0f yfkf, nS; cf6{;, sf7df8f}
z ;f]d af]xf]/f, j]]6Nof08 k|m]G8;\ ckm g]kfn
z ;'wf/ 9'Ëfgf, jglj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg, kf]v/f
z jg lj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg, kf]v/f
r
z nL–a8{ sd{rf/LaGw'x?
z 6fOu/ dfp06]g kf]v/f nh
z j]6Nof08 k|]G8;\ ckm g]kfn
z pGgltzLn dlxnf ;d"x, ?kfsf]6, sf:sL
z ?kftfn k'g:yf{kgf tyf dT:o ;xsf/L ;+:yf, ?kftfn, sf:sL
z j8{ sGh/e];g g]kfn, kf]v/f zfvf
z nId0f kf}8]n, jGohGt' tyf /fli6«o lgs'~h ljefu
z cfO{=o"=;L=Pg= g]b/Nof08;\ Osf]l;:6d u|fG6;\ k|f]u|fd
ljifo;"rL ;Ddlt u o; k'l:tsfsf] af/]df 3 cfef/ ª ?kftfnsf] ;ª\lIfKt lrgf/L kl/ro ! hLjhGt' / jg:klt @ :yfgLo ;d'bfo @ ;+/If0f # ?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? & ;Gbe{;fdu|L $$ k|hflt ;"lr $% % 1 7
¿kftfn If]qsf] ;ª\lIfKt lrgf/L
l:ylt ;d'bfoåf/f ;+/If0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofOPsf] If]q . cjl:ylt u08sL c~rn, sf:sL lhNnf, g]kfn -@*° * ' p= cÔf+z, *$°^' k"= b]zfGt/_ . prfO ;d'b|L ;txaf6 ^)) ld6/ . != kl/ro (IntroductIon) u08sL c~rnsf] sf:sL lhNnfdf cjl:yt ?kftfn kf]v/f pkTosfdf /x]sf gf} j6f tfnx?dWo] t];|f] 7"nf] tfn xf] . !!% x]S6/df í}lnPsf] o; tfnsf] ulx/fO cf};tdf # ld6/ /x]sf] 5 . pQ/–blIf0fdf í}lnPsf] o; tfnsf] kfgLsf] ;|f]t d'Votof tfna]F;L vf]nf] / bf]efg vf]nf] /x]sf 5g\ . tfnsf] kfgL l;:tgL 3f6sf] ?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 1
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?2 tfnvf]nf] xF'b} au]/ hfG5 . o; tfnsf] hne08f/Ifdtf a9Ldf #@=% × !)% 3gld6/ /x]sf] 5 . o; If]qsf] cf};t jflif{s tfkqmd / jiff{ qmdzM @)=( l8u|L ;]lN;o; / #(&( ldnLld6/ /x]sf] 5 . o; tfnsf] d'xfg / tnsf] If]qdf wfgv]t / t}/g] jg:klt;lxtsf] bnbn]÷wflknf] hldg /x]sf] 5 . #) ju{ lsnf]ld6/ If]qín cf]u6]sf] o; tfnsf] hnfwf/ If]qdf 3/au}rf, kfvf] af/L / d'Votof lrnfpg] / s6';sf] hËn /x]sf] 5 .
@= hLjhGt' / jg:klt (fauna and flora) kf]v/f pkTosfdf /x]sf cGo tfnx?sf t'ngfdf ?kftfn If]qdf w]/} k|hfltsf df5f, peor/, :tgwf/L hGt' / r/fx? kfOPsf 5g\ . k|f/lDes cWoogdf of] tfn / hnfwf/ If]qdf sl/a $%) k|hfltsf hLjhGt' / jg:kltx? kfOPsf 5g\ . o; tfndf @$ k|hfltsf df5f, #) k|hfltsf r/f, ! k|hfltsf] peor/, # k|hfltsf ;l/;[k / !! k|hfltsf :tgwf/L hGt'x? kfOPsf 5g\ . yk cWoog ePdf o; tfnIf]qdf yk k|hfltsf hLjhGt'x? kfOg] ;Defjgf 5 . oxfF ljleGg lsl;dsf hnLo jg:kltx? ;]tf] sdn (White lotus), l;dn sfF8] (Water chestnut), Gorgon nut, Water lily, Water Hyacinth, azolla sp., lemna sp. sf ;fy} of] If]q hËnL wfgsf] dxŒjk"0f{ cfg'jf+lzs (Genetic) ;|f]t klg xf] . #= :yfgLo ;d'bfo (local communItIes) ?kftfn If]qdf a|fþ0f, If]qL, u'¿ª, g]jf/nufot sfdL, bdfO{, ;fsL{, ldhf/, af]6], df´L, hnf/L / kf]8] hftsf dflg;x? a;f]af;
ub{5g\ . o; If]qdf &) kl/jf/x? hnf/L hftsf 5g\ . logLx?;Fu v]tLkftLsf nflu s'g} hUuf 5}g / cfˆgf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu k"0f{tof l;d;f/ ;Dkbfdf cfl>t 5g\ . o; If]qdf oftfoft, vfg] kfgL / l;FrfOsf] kx'Fr /fd|f] ePsf]n] a;fOF ;/L cfpg] dflg;sf] ;ª\Vof lbgk|ltlbg a9\bf] qmddf 5 . o; If]qdf k'?ifsf] eGbf dlxnfsf] ;ª\Vof sd 5 . cf};tdf k|ltkl/jf/ & hgf /x]sf 5g\ . o; If]qsf ^) k|ltzteGbf a9L hg;ª\Vof s[lifdf cfl>t 5g\ . w]/} 3/kl/jf/x? df5fkfng Joj;foaf6 cfocfh{g klg ub{5g\ . ?kftfn If]qaf6 nueu #^) 3/kl/jf/ k|ToIf ?kdf / !,))) eGbf a9L 3/kl/jf/ ck|ToIf ?kdf nfeflGjt 5g\ . ?kftfn k'g:yf{kgf tyf dT:okfng ;xsf/L ;+:yfdfí{t :yfgLo ;d'bfon] df5fkfngaf6 nfe lnO/x]sf 5g\ . /x]sf 5g\ dxŒj / cj;/x? (Importance and opportunItIes) tfn
$= ;+/If0f (conservatIon) ?kftfn If]qsf] dxŒj / cj;/x?,ljBodfg r'gf}tLx? / ;+/If0fsf k|of;x? o;k|sf/
z of]
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 3
M $=!
kf]v/f pkTosfsf] t];|f] 7"nf] k|fs[lts tfn xf] . k|r'/ h}ljs ljljwtf / ljljw kfl/l:ysLo k|0ffnLsf sf/0fn] of] Ô]q k|fs[lts ?kd} dxŒjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . z of] tfn / hnfwf/ If]qdf sl/a $%) k|hfltsf hLjhGt' / jg:kltx? kfOPsf 5g\ . #) eGbf a9L k|hfltsf hnkIfLx? kfOg] of] If]q kof{ko{6g (eco-tourism) sf
z :yfgLo l;d;f/ ;"rgf s]Gb| / :yfgLo tj/af6 df5fkfng k|bz{gLsf nflu of] If]q pTs[i6 :yfg ag]sf] 5 . k[YjL /fhdfu{sf] ;dLkdf cjl:yt o; Ô]qn] kof{ko{6g (eco-tourism) sf] ljsf;sf nflu cj;/x? k|bfg ug{ ;Sb5 h;af6 :yfgLo ;d'bfon] cfocfh{gsf] cj;/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g\ . tfnsf] jl/kl/ lgdf{0fwLg xl/t dfu{ ko{6ssf nflu d'Vo cfsif{0f aGg]5 h;af6 pgLx?n] sd ;dodf g} k"/} l;d;f/ If]qsf] cjnf]sg ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?4
z :yfgLo ;d'bfoaf6 Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] o; If]qsf] ;+/If0f sfo{gLlt cGo l;d;f/ If]qsf ;d'bfosf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ l;sfO x'g ;Sb5 . $=@ r'gf}tLx¿ (tHreats) k|fs[lts ;Dkbf / ;+:s[ltsf] wgL eP/ klg o; If]qdf w]/} jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofx? ljBdfg 5g\ . lbgk|ltlbg a9\bf] dflg; / 3/kfn'jf hgfj/x?sf] ;ª\Vof, a9\bf] a;fOF;/fO -cfudg_, ;'ljwf / ;lhnf] kx'Frn] ubf{ oL ;d:ofx? emg\ hl6n ag]sf 5g\ .
nflu pko'St x'g ;Sb5 . o; Ô]qn] hf8f] df};ddf pNn]vgLo ;ª\Vofdf 3'dGt]÷lí/Gt] hnkIfLx?nfO{ ;d]t cf>o lbG5 . o; tfnsf] hnfwf/ If]qdf cWoog u/] yk c? k|hfltsf r/fx? kfOg]5g\ .
z :yfgLo df5fsf k|hfltx? sd x'Fb} hfg' . clxn] g} lbuf] lsl;dsf ;+/If0fsf sbdx? grfNg] xf] eg] o; If]qdf qmdzM ;+/If0f–;Í6 cfpg ;Sg] b]lvG5 . tfn Ô]qsf] h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ ;'/lÔt /fVb} :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ klg ífObf k'¥ofpg] ;xeflutf–d"ns ;+/Ô0f / ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx? o; Ô]qdf cfjZos b]lvG5g\ .
z s[lÈlj:tf/sf nflu tfnsf] lsgf/ / jgÔ]qdf dfgjLo cltqmd0f (encroachment) a9\g'ñ
z tfn / jg If]qdf ldrfxf (Invasive) k|hfltsf jg:kltsf] j[l¢ x'g'ñ
z tfnIf]qsf] ;LdfÍg (demarcation) gul/g'ñ
z tfnsf] pb\ud Ô]qdf e"–Ifo (soil erosion) tyf y]lu|g] k|lqmof (sedimentation) a9\g'ñ
?kftfn Ô]qsf] jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds k|efj kfg]{ tŒjx?
z jg / l;d;f/ ;Dkbfdf :yfgLo ;d'bfo w]/} g} lge{/ /xg'ñ
z s[lÈ Ô]qdf ljÈfbL (pesticide) / /f;folgs dn (chemical fertilizer) sf] a9\bf] k|of]u ul/g'ñ
z l;d;f/ Ô]qdf df5f dfg{sf nflu n'lsl5kL ljÈfbLsf] k|of]u ul/g'ñ
z hnk|b"if0f / h}ljs ljljwtf;DaGwL j}1flgs cWoog (scientific study) gul/g'ñ
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 5
o;k|sf/ 5g\ M
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?6
$=# k|of;x¿ (efforts) o; Ô]qsf] k|d'v Joj:yfkg lgsfo jg ljefu xf] h;cGtu{tsf] lhNnf jg sfof{no, sf:sLn] o; Ô]qsf] ;+/Ô0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos jg, ?kftfn k'g:yf{kgf tyf dT:okfng ;xsf/L ;+:yf / :yfgLo ;+:yfut ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx? h:t} M ;+/If0f ;ldlt, yfgLo ;d"x / dlxnf ;d"xx?dfí{t :yfgLo ;d'bfo / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx? ;+/Ô0fsf lqmofsnfkx?df ;+nUg x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . h}ljs ljljwtf, cg';Gwfg / ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo kxn -nL–a8{_ n] ;/sf/L lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L I ucn n etherlands sf] e cosystem Grants p rogramme sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf l;d;f/ ;Dkbfsf] j'l4dQfk"0f{ pkof]u / lbuf] Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
¿kftfndfhnkIfLx?kfOg]
$# ;]=ld= nfdf], 6fpsf] / 3fF6L kx]+nf]–kx]+nf] d}nf] /ªsf, ;]tf kv]6fx? 9f8 / lk7\o"Fdf b]lvg] uf9f /ª;Fu k|:6 leGgb]lvg], v'§fx? kx]+nf .
cf;sf]6] as'Nnf] (Indian Pond Heron)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?8
s}nf]6fps] xfF; (Common Pochard) cª\u|]hL gfd sdg kf]rf8{ (common pochard) j}1flgs gfd PYof í]l/gf (Aythya ferina) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ Ô]q, d'Votof (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, tfn, kf]v/L, bnbn / gbL . ljz]Ètf $% ;]=ld= nfdf], p8fg kª\vx? líSsfí';|f, í';|f cu|kªvn] ubf{ o;sf dflyNnf] kv]6fsf] agfj6 c? pkhflteGbf leGg b]lvg], efn]sf] 6fpsf] / 3fF6L /ftf]–v}/f] -s6'; /ªsf]_, 5ftL sfnf], 7'F8fsf aLrdf í';|f] k]6L .
cª\u]|hL gfd Ol08og kG8 x]/f]g (Indian pond Heron) j}1flgs gfd cfl8{jnf u|]O{ (Ardeola grayii) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof !,%@% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, lsgf/df jg:klt ePsf tfn, kf]v/L / bnbn . ljz]Ètf
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 9 cf;sf]6] as'Nnf] s}nf]6fps] xfF;
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?10
í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ If]q, d'Votof (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, gf/df jg:klt ePsf tfn, kf]v/L / bnbn .
cª\u]|hL gfd kk{n :jfDKx]g (purple swamphen)
$# ;]=ld= nfdf], jo:ssf] z/L/ a}hgL–a}hgL gLnf] /ªsf], 7'F8 df]6f] t/ 5f]6f] /ftf], lgwf/ /ftf], tNnf] k'R5/9sgL ;]tf], aRrfsf] z/L/ km';|f] v}/f], 7'F8 lkmSsf, v'§f / cf}+nfx? /ftf / nfdf .
ljz]Ètf
ljz]Ètf %) ;]=ld= nfdf], ;xfos kFv]6fsf leqL efudf ;]tf] 6f6f], efn]sf] 6fpsf] / 3fF6L km';|f] v}/f], z/L/ uf9f v}/f], k]6 ;]tf], 5ftL lkmsf sfnf], 7'F8 lkmsf sfnf], tNnf] / dflyNnf] k'R5/9sgL sfnf], kf]yL xl/of] 6fps] (mallard) sf] kf]yL;Fu ldNbf]–h'Nbf]], t/ uf9f km';|f]–v}/f] /ªsf] 7'F8sf] 5]pdf ;'Gtnf /ª b]lvg] .
í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ If]q, d'Votof (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, v'Nnf tfn, bnbn, kf]v/L / gbL .
j}1flgs gfd kíf{Ol/cf] kf]kmf{Ol/cf] (Porphyrio porphyrio)
v8v8] xfF; (Gadwall)
s'df{ (Purple Swamphen)
cª\u]|hL gfd u8\jfn (Gadwall)
j}1flgs gfd Pgf; :6«]k]/f (Anas strepera)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 11 s'df{ v8v8] xfF;
vf]n] l6sl6s] (White-browed Wagtail)
j}1flgs gfd df]6fl;nf Dof8/P:kf6]lG;; (Motacilla aderaspatensis)
cª\u]|hL gfd ÿfO6–a|f]8 jfu6]n (White-browed Wagtail)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?12
í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, lsgf/df jg:klt ePsf tfn, kf]v/L / bnbn, vf]nf / gbLsf] au/ . ljz]Ètf @! ;]=ld= nfdf], cfFvLef}+ ;]tf, jo:ssf] 6fpsf] / lk7\o"F sfnf], aRrfsf] 6fpsf], lk7\o"F / 5ftL í';|f] v}/f]–v}/f] .
5f]6fv'§] as'Nnf] (Little Heron)
cª\u]|hL gfd ln6n x]/f]g (little Heron) j}1flgs gfd a'6f]/fO8\; :6«fP6;\ (Butorides striatus) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, 3gf ´f8L ePsf l;d;f/ If]q . ljz]Ètf $$ ;]=ld=nfdf], ;fgf] gfksf], ul7nf / 5f]6f v'§fx? ePsf], jo:ssf] sfnf] tfn' / nfdf] sNsL, uf9f xl/of]–xl/of] dflyNnf] efu / í';|f]–í';|f] tNnf] efu, aRrfsf] dflyNnf] efudf d}nf 7f8f wsf{x? / tNnf] efudf uf9f 7f8f wsf{x? x'g] .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 13 vf]n] l6sl6s] 5f]6fv'§] as'Nnf]
#! ;]=ld= nfdf], cfFvLef}+ ;]tf], kv]6fdf ;]tf 6f6f / 5ftLsf] jf/kf/ sfnf] k]6L x'g] .
hncK;/f (Pheasant-tailed Jacana)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?14
l5/la/] df6Lsf]/] (Pied Kingfisher)
cª\u]|hL gfd lkmh]G6–6]N8 Hofsgf (pheasant-tailed Jacana) j}1flgs gfd xfO8«f]ˆoflhofg; lr¿u{; (Hydrophasianus chirurgus) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof !,%@% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, t}/g] jg:klt ePsf bnbn, kf]v/L / tfn . ljz]Ètf %% ;]=ld= nfdf], kFv]6f dfly / tn k|:6 ;]tf], 3fF6Lsf] 5]pdf kx]+nf–kx]+nf 6f6f, aRrf sf]/Ng] ;dodf jo:ssf] tNnf] efu v}/f] / k'R5/, aRrfx? / aRrf sf]/Ng] ;doafx]s cGo ;dodf jo:ssf] tNnf] efu ;]tf], 3fF6Lsf] 5]paf6 uf9f /ªsf] tn em/]sf] w;f]{ / 5ftLkl§ klg uf9f /ª .
cª\u]|hL gfd kfO8 lsËlkm;/ (pied Kingfisher) j}1flgs gfd ;]/fOn ¿l8; (Ceryle rudis) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, la:tf/} aUg] vf]nf, vf]N;f / v'Nnf 7fpFsf tfntn}of .
ljz]Ètf
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 15 l5/la/] df6Lsf]/ hncK;/f
cª\u|]hL gfd u|]6 Ou|]6 (Great egret) j}1flgs gfd sf:d]/f]l8c; cNa;\ (Casmerodius albus) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'VotofM #)) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, gbL, tfn, sdn ePsf] kf]v/L, bnbn / wfgv]t .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?16
hn]jf (Great Cormorant)
j}1flgs gfd ˆofnfqmf]sf]/]S; sfaf]{ (Phalacrocorax carbo) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ If]q, d'Votof !,))) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, tfn, kf]v/L / 7"nf gbLx? . ljz]Ètf () ;]=ld= nfdf], df]6f] 3fF6L / dha't 7'F8 ePsf], z/L/ sfnf]–sfnf] v}/f] /ªsf], ufnf / 3fF6L ;]tf] .
7"nf] ;]tf]as'Nnf] (Great Egret)
ljz]Ètf ($ ;]=ld=nfdf], 7"nf] gfksf], 3fF6L w]/} nfdf] tyf 7'F8 7"nf]], d'vsf] sfkfsf] sfnf] /]vf cfFvf k5fl8;Dd uPsf], aRrf sf]/Ng] KjfFvfj:yfdf 7'F8 sfnf] / v'§fsf] dflyNnf] efu /ftf]–/ftf] t/ tNnf] efu / cf}+nfx? sfnf], aRrf sf]/Ng] ;do aflx/sf] KjfFvfj:yfdf 7'F8 kx]+nf] / cu|fIf líSsf xl/of] .
cª\u]|hL gfd u|]6 sdf]{/]G6 (Great cormorant)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 17 hn]jf 7"nf] ;]tf]as'Nnf]
j}1flgs gfd lx|ofslg{; km'lnlhg; (Rhyacornis fuliginosus) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof #,&%) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, vf]nf tyf gbLx? .
cª\u|]hL gfd ln6n lu|a (little Grebe) j}1flgs gfd 6\oflrAofK6; ¿lísf]lNn; (Tachybaptus ruficollis) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof !,#&) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, tfn, kf]v/L, bnbn / gbL . ljz]Ètf @& ;]=ld= nfdf], aRrf sf]/Ng] ;dosf] KjfFvfj:yfdf 3fF6Lsf] 5]p / ufnfx? Uff9f s}nf], 7'F8sf] í]bdf kx]+nf] 6f6f], aRrf sf]/Ng] ;doaflx/sf] KjfFvfj:yfdf ufnf / sf]vf v}/f–v}/f d}nf .
8'a'NsLr/f] (Little Grebe)
cª\u]|hL gfd KnlDao; jf6/ /]8:6f6{ (plumbeous Water redstart)
gLnfDa/ hnv~h/L (Plumbeous Water Redstart)
ljz]Ètf !@ ;]=ld= nfdf], efn] v/Lkf6L gLnf] / s}nf] s6'; /ªsf] k'R5/ ePsf], kf]yL / klxnf] lxpFb] efn]sf] sfnf] / ;]tf] k'R5/ tyf tNnf] km';|f] efudf ;]tf yf]Knfx? x'g ;Sg] .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?18
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 19 gLnfDa/8'a'NsLr/f]hnv~h/L
km';|f] l6sl6s] (Grey Wagtail)
cª\u]|hL gfd u|] jfu6]n (Grey Wagtail)
j}1flgs gfd df]6fl;nf l;g]l/of (Motacilla cinerea) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof #,%%) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, 9'Ë] vf]nf tyf gbLx? . ljz]Ètf !( ;]=ld= nfdf], c? l6sl6s]x?sf] eGbf nfdf] k'R5/ ePsf], tNnf] k'R5/9sgL kx]+nf], aRrf sf]/Ng] ;dosf] efn]sf] s07 sfnf] x'g] .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?20
km';|f] as'Nnf] (Grey Heron)
j}1flgs gfd cfl8{of l;g]l/cf (Ardea cinerea) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ If]q, d'Votof (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, gbL, tfn, sdn ePsf] kf]v/L, bnbn / wfgv]t . ljz]Ètf ($ ;]=ld= nfdf], jo:ssf] 7'F8 kx]+nf], 6fpsf] / 3fF6L ;]tf]–;]tf], 6fpsfdf sfnf z[Ëf/KjfFvx? / k]6df sfnf 6f6fx? ePsf], cNkjo:ssf] lgwf/ / tfn' sfnf] / sNsL kl/jt{gzLn, 3fF6L cln km';|f] / k]6df sfnf] sd ePsf] jf x'Fb} gePsf] .
cª\u]|hL gfd u|] x]/f]g (Grey Heron)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 21 km';|f] l6sl6s] km';|f] as'Nnf]
lah'nfu}/L (Common Teal)
j}1flgs gfd Uoflng'nf Snf]/f]k; (Gallinula chloropus) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg @%) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, lsgf/df jg:klt ePsf tfn, kf]v/L / bnbn . ljz]Ètf #@=% ;]=ld= nfdf], tNnf] k'R5/ 9sgL ;]tf], sf]vfdflyaf6 ;]tf wsf{x? uPsf, jo:ssf] v'§fx? nfdf / xl/of h;df k|:6 nfdf cf}+nfx? /x]sf, 7'F8 kx]+nf] 6'Kkf] ePsf] /ftf], lgwf/ klg /ftf], lt3|fsf] dflyNnf] efu /ftf], k'R5/9sgLsf] b'j}tkm{ ;]tf], aRrf lkmSsf xl/of] 7'F8 ePsf] v}/f] /ªsf] .
cª\u]|hL gfd sdg d'x]{g (common moorhen)
cª\u|]hL gfd sdg l6n (common teal) j}1flgs gfd Pgf; qm]Ssf (Anas crecca) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ If]q, d'Votof (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, tfn, kf]v/L, bnbn / gbL . ljz]Ètf #& ;]=ld= nfdf], 7F'8 / v'§f sfnf], efn]sf] 6fpsf] s6'; /ªsf ;fy} cfFvfk5fl8 xl/of] k]6L, sfFwsf KjfFvx?df ;]tf w;f{ / tNnf] k'R5/ 9sgLdf líSsf kx]+nf] wAaf, kf]yLsf] tfn' uf9f v}/f], cfFvfaf6 líSsf sfnf] w;f]{ uPsf] / cu|kª\v v}/f] .
aufn] l;ds'v'/f] (Common Moorhen)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?22
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 23 aufn] l;ds'v'/f] lah'nfu}/L
a];f/] l6sl6s] (Citrine Wagtail)
cª\u]|hL gfd XjfO6–a|f]8 jfu6]n (citrine Wagtail) j}1flgs gfd df]6fl;nf l;l6«jnf (Motacilla citreola) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, lsgf/df jg:klt ePsf tfn, kf]v/L / bnbn, vf]nf / gbLsf] au/ . ljz]Ètf !( ;]=ld= nfdf], 6fpsf] / tNnf] efu kx]+nf] / sfnf] tyf í';|f] lk7\o"F, sfg9sgLsf] jl/kl/ ;]tf], cfFvLef}+sf] lsgf/f uf9f /ªsf], líSsf v}/f] lgwf/, líSsf cu|fIf, ;Dk"0f{ uf9f 7'F8 / tNnf] k'R5/9sgL ;]tf] .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?24
a]Nrf7'F8] xfF; (Northern Shoveler)
cªu]|hL gfd gb{g ;f]e]n/ (northern shoveler) j}1flgs gfd Pgf; SnfOlkP6f (Anas clypeata) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg !,#%) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, tfn, kf]v/L / gbL . ljz]Ètf %) ;]=ld= nfdf], 7'F8 nfdf] bflanf]h:t}, efn]sf] 6fpsf] uf9f xl/of], 5ftL ;]tf], sf]vf s6'; /ªsf], cu|kª\v gLnf, kf]yLsf]KjfFvfj:yfdf xl/of]6fps] kf]yLh:tf] t/ cu|kª\v gLnf]km';|f] .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 25 a]Nrf7'F8] xfF; a];f/] l6sl6s]
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?26
demf}nf ;]tf] as'Nnf] (Intermediate Egret)
í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ If]q, d'Votof (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, gbL, tfn, sdn ePsf] kf]v/L, bnbn, wfgv]t / 3fF;] d}bfg .
ljz]Ètf ^*=% ;]=ld= nfdf], 7"nf] ;]tf]as'NnfeGbf ;fgf] tyf 7'F8 / 3fF6L 5f]6f], d'vsf] sfkfsf] sfnf] /]vf cfFvf k5fl8;Dd guPsf, aRrf sf]/Ng] ;dosf] KjfFvfj:yfdf 7'F8 sfnf], 5ftL / lk7\o"Fsf z[Ëf/ KjfFvx? :ki6 b]lvg], aRrf sf]/Ng] ;doaflx/sf] KjfFvfj:yfdf cu|fIf kx]+nf], 7'F8 sfnf] 6'Kkf] ePsf] kx]+nf], v'§f / cf}+nfx? sfnf .
j}1flgs gfd d];f]kmf]OS;\ OG6/d]l8of (Mesophoyx intermedia)
d¿n (Common Coot) cª\u]|hL gfd sdg s'6 (common coot) j}1flgs gfd í'lnsf P6«f (Fulica atra) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg #,%)) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, lsgf/df jg:klt ePsf tfn, kf]v/L / afFw .
ljz]Ètf #( ;]=ld= nfdf], 7'F8 / lgwf/ ;]tf], 6fpsf] sfnf], afFsL z/L/ k"/} uf9f v/fgL /ªsf] .
cª\u]|hL gfd OG6/d]l8o6 Ou|]6 (Intermediate egret)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 27 demf}nf ;]tf] as'Nnf] d¿n
nfdfcf}+n] (Bronze-winged Jacana)
cª\u]|hL gfd a|f]Gh–ljË\8 Hofsgf (Bronze-winged Jacana) j}1flgs gfd d]6f]lkl8c; OlG8s; (Metopidius indicus) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ If]q, (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, t}/g] jg:klt ePsf] bnbn, kf]v/L / tfnx? .
j}1flgs gfd PYof gfO/f]sf (Aythya nyroca) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ If]q, d'Votof (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, tfn, kf]v/L, bnbn / gbL . ljz]Ètf $! ;]=ld= nfdf], 6fpsf], 5ftL / sf]vf /ftf]–v}/f] -s6'; /ªsf]_, tNnf] k'R5/9sgL ;]tf], efn]eGbf kf]yL líSsf t/ pkgfgL uf9f b]lvg], p8fgdf 7"nf] ;]tf] kª\v/]vL / ;]tf] k]6 :ki6 b]lvg] .
ljz]Ètf @% ;]=ld= nfdf], jo:ssf cfFvLef}+ ;]tf, z/L/sf] dflyNnf] efu 9nf}6] xl/of], tNnf] efu líSsf sfnf]], 3fF6L sfnf], 7'F8 lkmSsf kx]+nf]]], aRrfsf] 5ftLdf d}nf] ;'Gtnf /ª, tNnf] efu ;]tf], cfFvLef}+ ;]tf t/ 5f]6f .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?28
dfns xfFF; (Ferruginous Pochard)
cª\u]|hL gfd km]?lhg; kf]rf8{ (ferruginous pochard)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 29 dfns xfFF; nfdfcf}+n]
nf]eLkfkL u?8 (Woolly-necked Stork)
j}1flgs gfd l;sf]lgof Olk:sf]k; (Ciconia episcopus) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ If]q, d'Votof (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, tfn tyf kf]v/Lglhssf] ;'Vvf 7fpF, af9L nfu]sf] v]taf/L . ljz]Ètf !)^ ;]=ld= nfdf], 3fF6L e'jfbf/ ;]tf], lgwf/ / tfn' sfnf, kv]+6fsf] dflyNnf] / tNnf] efu k"/} sfnf], tNnf] k'R5/9sgL ;]tf], v'§f / cf}+nfx? lkmsf /ftf .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?30
j:t' as'Nnf] (Cattle Egret)
cª\u|]hL gfd Sof6n Ou|]6 (cattle egret) j}1flgs gfd a'a'Ns; cfOla; (Bubulcus ibis) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg !,%@% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, bnbn, wfgv]t, 3fF;] d}bfg, w]/}h;f] ufOj:t'x?;Fu b]lvg], kfgL 5]p5fpsf jg:kltx? . ljz]Ètf %# ;]=ld= nfdf], c? as'NnfeGbf 7'F8, 3fF6L / v'§f 5f]6f], z/L/ k|:6 ;fgf], 7'F8, cu|fIf / v'§f kx]+nf], aRrf sf]/Ng] ;dosf] KjfFvfj:yfdf 6fpsf], 3fF6L / lk7\o"F ;'Gtn] d}nf] /ªsf] .
cªu|]hL gfd plNn–g]S8 :6s{ (Woolly-necked stork)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 31 nf]eLkfkL u?8 j:t' as'Nnf]
;fgf] df6Lsf]/] (Common Kingfisher)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?32
;fgf] ;]tf]as'Nnf] (Little Egret)
cª\u]|hL gfd sdg lsËlkm;/ (common Kingfisher) j}1flgs gfd cN;]8f] PlYy; (Alcedo atthis) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg !,*)) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, v'Nnf 7fpFsf kfgL . ljz]Ètf !^ ;]=ld=nfdf], sfg9sgL ;'Gtnf /ªsf], 6fpsf], sfFwsf KjfFvx? / kv]6fdf xl/of–xl/of gLnf / 9f8sf] tnlt/ uf9f cfsfz] /ªsf /]vf x'g] .
ljz]Ètf ^) ;]=ld=nfdf], 7'F8 sfnf], sfnf v'§fdf kx]+nf cf}+nfx?, afFFsL z/L/ ;]tf] .
cª\u]|hL gfd ln6n\ Ou|]6 (little egret) j}1flgs gfd Ou|]§f ufh]{§f (Egretta garzetta) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof !,%@% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, gbL, tfn, sdn ePsf] kf]v/L, bnbn / wfgv]t .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 33 ;fgf] ;]tf]as'Nnf;fgf]df6Lsf]/]
cªu]|hL gfd ÿfO6–a|]i6]8 jf6/x]g (White-breasted Waterhen)
#@ ;]=ld= nfdf], efn]sf] dflyNnf] efu í';|f], ;]tf] cg'xf/, cu|3fF6L / 5ftL tyf tNnf] k'R5/9sgL s}nf] u]¿ /ªsf], aRrfsf] í';|f]–í';|f] cg'xf/, cu|3fF6L / 5ftL Pj+ dflyNnf] efu kLtxl/t v}/f] .
í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof !,#&) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, lsgf/df jg:klt ePsf tfn, kf]v/L / bnbn .
l;nl;n] (Lesser Whistling Duck/Teal)
ljz]Ètf
j}1flgs gfd Pdfp/f]lg{; íf]Olgs'¿; (Amaurornis phoenicurus)
cª\u|]hL gfd n]:;/ x'Ol:nË 8s/l6n (lesser Whistling duck/teal)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?34
j}1flgs gfd 8]08«f]lsUgf hfeflgsf (Dendrocygna javanica)
ljz]Ètf $) ;]=ld= nfdf], 6fpsf] / 3fF6L líSsf km';|f] d}nf] /ªsf], tfn' uf9f v}/f], cu|kª\vdf rxlsnf] s6'; /ªsf] 6f6f]÷wAaf / k'R5/ 9sgL klg ;f]xL /ªsf], ub{gaf6 tn k|:6 b]lvg] uf9f wsf{ gx'g] .
l;ds'v'/f (White-breasted Waterhen)
í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof #)% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, l;d;f/ If]qx? .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 35 l;nl;n] l;ds'v'/f
cª\u|]hL gfd o'/fl;og ljhg (eurasian Wigeon) j}1flgs gfd Pgf; k]g]nf]k (Anas penelope) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ If]q, d'Votof @%) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, tfn, kf]v/L, bnbn / gbL .
l;Gb"/] xfF; (Eurasian Wigeon)
ljz]Ètf
$* ;]=ld= nfdf], efn]sf] lgwf/ / cu|tfn' kx]+nf] /ªsf], 6fpsf] s6'; /ªsf] / 5ftL u'nfaL /ªsf], z/L/ v/fgL /ªsf], tNnf] k'R5/9sgL sfnf], kf]yLsf] z/L/ uf9f v}/f], 6fpsf], 5ftL / sf]vf Psgf;sf b]lvg] .
l;p/] 8'a'NsLr/f] (Great Crested Grebe) cª\u]|hL gfd u|]6 qm]i6]8 lu|a (Great crested Grebe) j}1flgs gfd kf]l8;]K; lqm:6f6;\ (Podiceps cristatus) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg !,#&) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, tfn tyf gbLx? .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?36
ljz]Ètf $( ;]=dL= nfdf], 7"nf] / ;'n'Q k/]sf] 3fF6L, ufnf / 3fF6Lsf] cl3Nnf] efu ;]tf] .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 37 l;Gb"/] xfF; l;p/] 8'a'NsLr/f]
cª\u]|hL gfd /]8–qm]i6]8 kf]rf8{ (red-crested pochard) j}1flgs gfd /f]8f]g]:;f ¿lkmgf (Rhodonessa rufina) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ If]q, d'Votof (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, tfn, kf]v/L, bnbn / gbL . ljz]Ètf %% ;]=ld= nfdf], juf{sf/ 6fpsf] ePsf], efn]sf] 6fpsf] lvof–;'Gtn], 3fF6L / 5ftL sfnf] Pj+ sf]vf ;]tf x'g], kf]yLsf] lkmSsf ufnf v}/f] lz/eGbf k|:6 km/s b]lvg] .
;'O/f]k'R5|«] (Northern Pintail)
cª\u]|hL gfd gb{g lkg6]n (northern pintail) j}1flgs gfd Pgf; Ps'6f (Anas acuta) í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg t/fO{ If]q, d'Votof (!% ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, v'Nnf tfn, kf]v/L, bnbn / gbL . ljz]Ètf &% ;]=ld= nfdf], 3fF6L nfdf], k'R5/ tLvf] nfdf] sfnf], efn]sf] 6fpsf] / 3fF6Lsf] dflyNnf] efu uf9f v}/f], 5ftLaf6 b'j}lt/ ;]tf] w;f]{ 3fF6L x'Fb} 6fpsfsf] k5fl8;Dd k'u]sf], 5ftL ;]tf], t'ngfTds ?kdf kf]yLsf] 6fpsf] Psgf;sf] d}nf]–d}nf] /ªsf] / 7'F8 ;'n'Q k/]sf] km';|f] .
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?38
;'gh'/] xfFF; (Red-crested Pochard)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 39 ;'O/f]k'R5|«] ;'gh'/] xfFF;
í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof !,*)) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, lsgf/df jg:klt ePsf tfn, kf]v/L / bnbn, v]taf/L, hËn 5]p / au}+rf .
cª\u]|hL gfd XjfO6 jfu6]n (White Wagtail)
cª\u]|hL gfd ÿfO6–y|f]6]8 lsËlkm;/ (White-throated Kingfisher)
j}1flgs gfd df]6fl;nf cNaf (Motacilla alba)
ljz]Ètf @* ;]=ld= nfdf], 3fF6L / 5ftLsf] dWoefu ;]tf], 6fpsf] / tNnf] efusf] w]/}h;f] efu v}/f] / uf9f cfsfz] /ªsf] dflyNnf] efu, p8fgdf kv]6fdf :ki6 ;]tf] 6f6f] b]lvg] .
í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof !,%)) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, 9'Ë] vf]nf tyf gbLx? .
j}1flgs gfd xfn;fof]g sf]/f]Dof08f (Halcyon coromanda)
ljz]Ètf !( ;]=ld= nfdf], 6fpsfsf] a'§f / lk7\o"Fsf] km';|f] jf sfnf]n] aRrf sf]/Ng] a]nfsf] efn]sf] pkk|hftLotfsf] lrgf/L lbg], 6fpsfsf a'§f slxNo} klg vf]n] l6sl6s]sf h:tf] gx'g] .
;]tf]s07] df6Lsf]/] (White-throated Kingfisher)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?40
;]tf] l6sl6s] (White Wagtail)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 41 ;]tf]s07] df6Lsf]/] ;]tf] l6sl6s]
í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg !,)%) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, v'Nnf l;d;f/ / wfgv]t .
xl/of]6fps] (Mallard)
í}nfj6 / jf;:yfg d'Votof #,)%) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf cjl:yt, l;d;f/ If]qx? .
ljz]Ètf ## ;]=ld= nfdf], lgwf/, tfn' / 5ftL sfnf], sfnf] 6'Kkf] ePsf] /ftf] 7'F8, v'§fx? kx]+nf .
cª\u|]hL gfd /]8–jf§\N8 NofkljË (red-wattled lapwing)
j}1flgs gfd Eofg]Nn; Ol08s; (Vanellus indicus)
j}1flgs gfd Pgf; Kn]l6l/ª\sf]; (Anas platyrhynchos)
%( ;]=ld= nfdf], kª\vljGb' ;]tf] lsgf/f ePsf] a}hgL–a}hgL /ªsf] xl/of], efn]sf] 7'F8 kx]+nf], 6fpsf] uf9f xl/of], 5ftL a}hgL–a}hgL s6'; /ªsf], kf]yLsf] z/L/ líSsf v}/f] / df]6f] uf9f v}/f] a'§f ePsf], 7'F8sf] /ª kl/jt{gzLn d'VotofM líSsf, ;'Gtn] / uf9f v}/f] a'§f ePsf] .
ljz]Ètf
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?42
cª\u|]hL gfd dnf8{ (mallard)
x'l66\ofpF (Red-wattled Lapwing)
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 43 xl/of]6fps] x'l66\ofpF
Grimmett,India. R., C. Inskipp and T. Inskipp. 2000. A guide to the Birds of Nepal. Second Edition. London: UK, Christopher Helm
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?44
BCN. 2006. Birds of Nepal: An Official Checklist, Kathmandu: Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Bird Conservation Nepal
Sonobe, K. and Usui, S. (editors) 1993. A Field Guide to the Waterbids of Asia, Tokyo : Wild Bird Society of Japan.
Kafle, G. and J.B. karki. 2007. Flora and Fauna of Ghodaghodi lake Area (A pocket guide). Institute of Forestry, Pokhara Campus, Wetland Friends of Neapl, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservarion and Bird Conservation Neapl.
Mullarney, K., L. Svensson, D. Zetterstrom and P. J. Grant. 1998. Collins Bird Guide. Collins Publications.
;Gbe{ ;fdu|L
Grewal, B. 2000. Birds of the Indian Subcontinent. Local Colour Ltd.
Grimmett, R., C. Inskipp, T. Inskipp and H. S. Baral. 2000. A guide to the Birds of Nepal. Second Edition. London, UK Christopher Helm. (Nepali Version)
little Heron Butorides striatus !@ l5/la/] df6Lsf]/] pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis !$ hncK;/f pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus !$ hn]jf Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo !^ 7"nf] ;]tf]as'Nnf] Great egret Casmerodius albus !^ 8'a'NsLr/f] little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis !* gLnfDa/ hnv~h/L plumbeous Water redstart Rhyacornis fuliginosus !* km';|f] l6sl6s] Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea @) km';|f] as'Nnf] Grey Heron Ardea cinerea @) aufn] l;ds'v'/f] common moorhen Gallinula chloropus @@ lah'nfu}/L common teal Anas crecca @@ a]Nrf7'F8] xfF; northern shoveler Anas clypeata @$ a];f/] l6sl6s] citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola @$ demf}nf ;]tf]as'Nnf] Intermediate egret Mesophoyx intermedia @^ d¿n common coot Fulica atra @^ dfns xfFF; ferruginous pochard Aythya nyroca @* nfdfcf}+n] Bronze-winged Jacana Metopidius indicus @*
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 45 k|hflt ;"lr
g]kfnL gfd cª\u]|hL gfd
j}1flgs gfd k]h cf;sf]6] as'Nnf] Indian pond Heronz Ardeola grayii * s}nf]6fps] xfF; common pochard Aythya ferina * s'df{ purple swamphen Prophyrio porphyrio !) v8v8] xfF; Gadwall Anas strepera !) vf]n] l6sl6s] White-browed Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis !@ 5f]6fv'§] as'Nnf]
j}1flgs gfd
red-wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus $@
g]kfnL gfd cª\u]|hL gfd
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?46
k]h nf]eLkfkL u¿8 Woolly-necked stork Ciconia episcopus #) j:t' as'Nnf] cattle egret Bubulcus ibis #) ;fgf] ;]tf]as'Nnf] little egret Egretta garzetta #@ ;fgf] df6Lsf]/] common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis #@ l;ds'v'/f] WaterhenWhite-breasted Amaurornis phoenicurus #$ l;nl;n] Whistlinglesser duck/teal Dendrocygna javanica #$ l;p/] 8'a'NsLr/f] Great crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus #^ l;Gb'/] xfF; eurasian Wigeon Anas Penelope #^ ;'gh'/] xfFF; red-crested pochard Rhodonessa rufina #* ;'O/f]k'R5|«] northern pintail Anas acuta #* ;]tf]s07] df6Lsf]/] KingfisherWhite-throated Halcyon coromanda $) ;]tf] l6sl6s] White Wagtail Motacilla alba $) xl/of]6fps mallard Anas platyrhynchos $@ x'l66\ofpF
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx? 47 gf]6
?kftfndf kfOg] hnkIfLx?48 gf]6
yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu h}ljs ljljwtf, cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo kxn -nL–a8{_ kf]=a= g+= #@$ kf]v/f, sf:sL, g]kfn kmf]g g+= M )^!–%@^*#$, %#%#%& kmofS;\ g+= M (&&–^!–%#((%^ Od]n M info@libird.org j]e ;fO6 M www.libird.org