Apeldoorn 2009 Public Spaces and Public Life
A liveable and viable city centre A city centre that capitalises on its wonderful amenities
A city centre that invites people to visit, stay and interact
A city centre with a 21st century traffic system
An even better city for walking
Client:
The following people from the City of Apeldoorn have participated in collecting data for the
City of Apeldoorn
public life survey:
Stadhuis, Marktplein 1 Postbus 9033
Han Goudswaard
7300 ES Apeldoorn
Dordi de Groot
Nederlands
Karsten Orth Gerrit van Oosterom
Project team: Lucienne Berenschot, adviseur strategie , L.Berenschot@apeldoorn.nl Jos van Nuenen, team leader, j.vannuenen@apeldoorn.nl Gerrit van Oosterom, landscape architect, g.vanoosterom@apeldoorn.nl
Data materials was supplied from department of: Mobiliteit Ruimtelijke Informatie Ruimte Economie en Wonen Uit buro / VVV Cultuurhistorie Milieu
CREDITS Consultant: Gehl Architects - Urban Quality Consultants
Project Manager: Henriette Vamberg, Architect MAA, henriette@gehlarchitects.dk
Project Coordinator: Sia KirknĂŚs, Architect MAA, sia@gehlarchitects.dk
Project Team: Katherine Wimble, stud. arch. Sebastian Pauly, stud. arch.
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Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Foreword It is a great pleasure for me to be able to present the report ‘Public Spaces and Public Life in Apeldoorn’. The inner city of Apeldoorn has to improve! This is the statement which the council made by
in the Gehl Advice is in that sense to ‘stretch’ the public life in stead of only intensify it in
the evaluation of it’s own strategic mission in 2008. I wholeheartedly underline this notion.
the core. The report gives lots of recommendations on how to reach this goal. May of these
A beautiful and vibrant city heart is of great significance for the identity and the image of
are challenging ambitious on the one hand but startlingly simple on the other. To give some
our city. To remain attractive for the young for example. But also for other generations,
examples: more green which is so typical for Apeldoorn, provide seating at sunny spots and
commercial enterprises and visiting tourists.
along the Grift, no blind facades in the pedestrian area, a more balanced and strategically planned event policy. All ways to seduce people to linger and be seduced to broaden their
There are two interwoven tracks by which we will accomplish these goals. One of them is the
activities.
recently developed ‘regieplan’ in which the guidelines are laid out for a more multifunctional development of the inner city. More shops, leisure, housing and social and cultural
This report is a source of inspiration that supports the development goals as pointed out in
commodities must insure that the inner city is a place well worth visiting. During the day and
the 'regieplan'. We will work from here. Practical and pragmatic but for all ambitious. We
also during the evening.
cannot stop half ways or just do ‘something’. We realise that this is not the easy way in these economic uncertain times. But with creativity, an unorthodox approach when needed and
The development of our public space forms another key issue for the next years. Public space
above all with other companions I’m sure that already in the next years we will be able to
determines the atmosphere of the inner city. An inviting and well furbished public space
produce the first glances of the Apeldoorn inner city we all dream of.
invites people to linger. In this way public space is able to function as the accelerator of the desired development as mentioned in the 'regieplan'. If you can invite people to stay other new developments will evolve more quickly and in a better way. Gehl Architectcs specialises in this interplay between public life and public space. Together with us they have analysed our inner city and gave us lots of recommendations as a basis for a strategic development of our public space. Many of these recommendations are already implemented in the 'regieplan'. This report gives you an overview of both the underlying analysis as well as the final recommendations. Fokko Spoelstra The report praises the many qualities of our inner city and points to the many potentials of
Project Elderman innercity
our city centre. At the same times it criticises the limited ways in we make use of these
the 7th of May 2010
potentials. There is no lack of visitors in our inner city is one of the remarkable conclusions. Hoofdstraat being the main artery almost suffers a heart attack of the amount of visitors while other parts of the inner city are almost deserted. The main focus
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
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Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Content Credits.............................................................................................2
Evening activities between 21.00 - 23.00.................................... 41
Recommendations
Foreword.........................................................................................3
Events...........................................................................................42
Overview of recommendations....................................................83
Content...........................................................................................5
Eventspace: Marktplein................................................................43 Public places for children..............................................................44
Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its wonderful
Introduction
Students in the city centre...........................................................45
amenities
Executive summary........................................................................6
Age and gender - Hoofdstraat......................................................46
Respect and cherish the heritage buildings.................................86
Study area..................................................................................... 12
Age and gender - Marktstraat.......................................................48
Maintain a human scale city.........................................................86
City scale comparison................................................................... 13
Develop strong links between the city centre and the surrounding
A city with public spaces of low quality
landscapes....................................................................................87
Analysis
Potentials and challenges.............................................................50
Create a green ring around the inner city.....................................87
Overview of analysis..................................................................... 15
Stationary activity counts.............................................................52
Develop a network of green boulevards......................................88
Stationary activity counts vs pedestrian traffic in Hoofdstraat....53
Celebrate the parks.......................................................................88
A city with wonderful amenities
Stationary activity.........................................................................54
'Greening the desert'....................................................................88
Potentials and challenges............................................................. 16
Comparison between city centres...............................................55
Integrate the Kanaal with the city.................................................90
Main areas for residents............................................................... 18
Comparison between mainstreets, Saturday..............................56
Celebrate the streams..................................................................92
Where residents live..................................................................... 19
Comparison between parks.........................................................57
'Irrigating the desert'....................................................................92
Important historical sites and heritage.........................................20
Public benches and pedestrian routes.........................................58
Building heights............................................................................21
Outdoor serving areas..................................................................60
Ensure an even better city for walking
Green trees and green spaces.....................................................22
Privatised public space.................................................................62
Expand the city heart....................................................................96
Landmarks and special features...................................................23
Lack of landmark buildings...........................................................63
Celebrate the passages................................................................98
A good city for walking Potentials and challenges.............................................................24
Microclimate: sun.........................................................................64 Microclimate: wind.......................................................................65
Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable
Quality of ground floor frontages.................................................66
Work towards a multifunctional city centre...............................102
Walking routes and destinations..................................................26
Create a diverse and lively city centre........................................102
Passages.......................................................................................27
People first, cars second
Pedestrian oriented areas.............................................................28
Potentials and challenges.............................................................58
Street sections..............................................................................29
Through traffic..............................................................................70
Ensure an upgraded public space network
Pedestrian traffic..........................................................................30
Traffic noise...................................................................................72
Strengthen the public space network........................................108
Pedestrian traffic in Hoofdstraat..................................................31
Percieved noise.............................................................................73
Develop versatile public spaces.................................................108
Pedestrian traffic, comparison between mainstreets.................32
Parking.......................................................................................... 74
Improve the visual quality........................................................... 112
Pavemant quality..........................................................................33
Parking and traffic volumes..........................................................75
Waiting time at crossings.............................................................34
Dedicated bicycle tracks & main cycling routes...........................76
Ensure a city centre with a 21st century traffic system
Footpath interruptions..................................................................35
Cycling...........................................................................................77
Avoid through traffic in the city centre....................................... 116
Bicycle parking facilities and main cycling routes........................78
Reduce the amount of parking in the city centre....................... 116
Unorganised bicycle parking.........................................................79
Provide a well integrated public transport.................................. 117
Public transport.............................................................................80
Create an even better city for cycling......................................... 117
A monofunctional city Potentials and challenges.............................................................38 Functions in the city centre..........................................................40
Invite all user groups...................................................................102
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
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Executive summary - Analysis
Apeldoorn is a fortunate city of a human scale. The general
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1
A city with wonderful amenities
6
A good city for walking
the many people visiting.
The city centre has through the years been traffic calmed
When comparing this pattern with Odense it is evident
heights of the buildings are between 3-5 storeys and the
and consists of a pedestrianised main street, Hoofdstraat,
that Odense enjoys a quite different situation where the
city centre is rather densely built. This provides excellent
and a series of minor side streets which are also
pedestrians cover a larger area and thus puts more central
conditions for enjoying the climate, in terms of sun and
pedestrianised. In supplement are a number of streets with
streets and squares into play.
little wind at street level. The homogenous building
reduced traffic, Hofstraat, Stationsstraat, Nieuwstraat.
mass also dictates some rather simple messages to new
In the majority of the city centre there is a high pedestrian
buildings, regarding heights and massing, that can be easily
priority e.g. concerning waiting times at crossings,
understood.
possibilities for crossing streets safely, signage etc.
Apeldoorn enjoys a wonderful natural setting unlike the
The pedestrian traffic counts were very high during summer
majority of the Dutch cities. In very close proximity of the
Saturdays, where approx. 35.000 pedestrians walked
city centre are vast nature reserves as the river Ijssel and the
along Hoofdstraat between 8am and 12am. The difference
nationalpark De Hoge Veluwe.
between weekdays and Saturdays is distinct with a 130%
The Kanaal and the streams running underneath the city
difference from weekdays to Saturdays.
centre are other valuable elements that add character and
Compared with similar cities, e.g. Odense Denmark, the
value to the city centre.
pedestrian numbers in Apeldoorn are very impressive. The
In respect of the wonderful natural assets Apeldoorn could
level of pedestrian traffic is 81% higher than the equivalent
do much more to capitalize on these elements in order to add
in Odense.
character and identity to the city centre. As such Apeldoorn
Despite the high levels of pedestrian traffic there is an
is at street level not experienced as a specific green or blue
insufficient pedestrian circulation in the city centre. The
city.
majority of all pedestrians walk on Hoofdstraat, while the
In terms of residents and students, Apeldoorn has a
surrounding city is more or less desolate. There appears to
substantial amount of people living in the city centre. Student
be an inadequate invitation for people to look up other offers.
numbers are low, with ROC as the most valuable addition.
The remaining parts of the city do as such not benefit from
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Introduction
Executive summary - Analysis
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4
A monofunctional city
facilities offered for children in the city centre. Playgrounds
A city with public spaces of low quality
Apeldoorn is primarily a city where people visit to do their
are quite small and facilities of either worndown quality or of
The stationary counts that were done in Apeldoorn during
shopping. This makes the city centre quite monofunctional
a formal format not inviting for play. As such the majority of
summer 2009 points to an extremely low level of stationary
and creates a situation where the city close with its shops.
playgrounds appear deserted most of the time.
activities being made. The stationary counts register the
The majority of all visitors leave between half an hour
people, who choose to spend time in the city for shorter or
before the shops close and half an hour after. This results
longer periods. The stationary counts are closely interlinked
in a massive pressure on the public transport as well as the
with the quality of the individual public spaces. A public
road network, and it results in a deserted city centre in the
space which is well situated in terms of sun, is equipped
evening, where only very few activities take place in confined
with comfortable benches, has easy access to the pedestrian
areas, e.g. Caterplein.
network, enjoys fine views and a high quality paving and
Events are not a common thing in Apeldoorn where only
furniture is generally well functioning and is visited by a
very few events take place in the city centre in a very small
number of people throughout the day, who choose to spend
selection of public spaces. The majority of all events are the
time and enjoy the city and the specific space. A public
markets in Marktplein. These markets take place 3 times
space which does not work for one reason or another does
during the week in different shapes. Although the markets
not attract a similar number of visitors.
are a positive thing they are also part of the problem of
When comparing the very high numbers on pedestrian traffic
Marktplein which is during the remaining 4 days of the week
with the extremely low numbers on stationary activities it is
a vast deserted public space with no /few functions. As such
obvious that there is an alarming misconception between the
Marktplein is a city square with strong restrictions in terms
number of people who actually visit the city and the number
of use and not the obvious place for festivals or important
of people, who find the quality of its public spaces so good,
city events.
that they choose to spend time there.
The age and gender surveys point towards a lack of elderly
The public spaces of Apeldoorn have been studied in greater
and children in the city centre during summer days. These
detail and a number of conditions point in the direction of
groups are generally uninterested in shopping and if the city
a general quite low quality in the public spaces. E.g. the
has only few other things to offer, these groups tend to stay
main street, Hoofdstraat, is poorly equipped with a low
away. Another issue is the lack of space along Hoofdstraat
quality tarmac paving and a worndown, bulky suite of street
and the general lack of resting facilities.
furniture. This important street ought to get a very special
Although there is an existing policy dictating a maximum
treatment that is able to underline the special character and
distance to playgrounds there is a general low quality in the
significance of Hoofdstraat. A number of other public spaces
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
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Introduction
Executive summary - Analysis
4
continued
also await improvement, e.g. Nieuwstraat, Caterplein,
of what goes on in the ground floor and what goes on further
Kanaalstraat and Brinkpark.
up in the building.
To be just it needs to be stressed that the later years work
Active ground floor frontages are an essential part of the
of upgrading a couple of selected public spaces, in particular
contact between what goes on indoors and what goes on
Stationsplein and Hofstraat, has been quite successful and
outdoors. Active frontages are as such part of making streets
has given Apeldoorn a breath of fresh air and a positive
and squares appear inviting and tempting. Blank, defensive
boost.
frontages create a perception of unsafety in the evening and
Other conditions that have an impact on public space quality
send a signal that this is not a place worth walking through.
is the general lack of benches, especially in the areas where
In Apeldoorn there are no big problems with inactive
the most pedestrians are. This problem excludes in particular
frontages in the inner city centre around the shopping
the elderly and families with children and it gives an image
streets. The problem is found though in connection to the
of a city environment, where you need to keep on moving.
station, which is quite unfortunate as a number of people are
Another important focus point in this relation is the climate
compelled to walk here, also in the evening
and the prospects of being able to enjoy the sun and the positive aspects of the climate, which are so important in the Northern European countries. When comparing the number of stationary activities in Apeldoorn with the equivalent in Odense, there is a significant difference in levels. Although Odense has far lower numbers on pedestrian traffic, 81% lower than Apeldoorn on a summer Saturday, it still enjoys almost three times more stationary activities than Apeldoorn. Apeldoorn, with a number of other Dutch cities, suffers from severe problems with commercial elements that in certain cases overtake the general impression of the city. Oversized signs, awnings, parasols, sandwich boards etc. are just some of the elements that cause detriment to the general impression of visual quality. Another problem is the ruthless renovation of older buildings, which create a misconception
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Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
People first, cars second
common facilities that either put bicycles underground or
Apeldoorn enjoys a traffic calmed city centre with a number
inside buildings. These initiatives are remarkable and take
of pedestrianised streets. However very close by are some
a high number of parked bicycles of the streets. There are
major routes carrying 15-20.000 cars every day, causing
though still issues concerning illegally parked bicycles that
noise issues and issues concerning maintaining streets as
need to be dealt with. The most apparent problems are at
city streets with high priority for pedestrians and cyclists.
Radhuisplein and at some of the minor side streets leading to
As such some intersections and streets, e.g. Willem
Hoofdstraat.
Alexanderlaan and the intersection by Grote Kerk, appear
The public transport system is quite reliable and fine grained,
to be out of scale with a city centre situation. These are
though a higher level of information could be called for in
complicated traffic solutions in need of some kind of
terms of waiting time until the next bus etc.
simplification and an acceptance that the service levels for vehicular traffic needs to be lowered a bit to cater for a growing cycling and walking population as well as an effective public transport system. Another difficult issue in Apeldoorn is the extreme high level of parking in the city centre. For a city the size of Apeldoorn there is a quite extravagant supply of parking and an aspiration that parking can never come close enough to the city core. It is believed that no parking equals no shops. The modal split in Apeldoorn is an impressive result of years of focused work to create a highly developed cycling system and a cycling culture. As such 50% of everybody coming to the city come on their bike. This is a high figure and it is one that needs careful work to be maintained at that level. The bicycle network is quite large and routes are well integrated. The facilities, in terms of cycle paths, lights etc., are also of a high standard and there is a general high priority for cyclists in the traffic system. Regarding bicycle parking much has been done to build
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
9
Introduction
Executive summary - Recommendations
1
Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its wonderful amenities
canoe clubs, a city beach etc.
layout in the city centre and a number of them represent
Other “blue� issues deal with the streams that could be
interesting shortcuts to the hinterland or to hidden spots
The general height level of the city centre should be kept at
highlighted, not necessarily by being dug up, but also through
inside blocks. As such selected passages need to be
the current 3-5 storeys to allow for the best possible micro-
art projects or storytelling.
highlighted and freed up from unnecessary elements. Part
climatic conditions at street level. The existing heritage
of a citywide art strategy could be to highlight these informal
buildings that are of high quality need to be treasured and
connections in interesting and surprising ways.
kept. Apeldoorn enjoys a wonderful natural setting unlike the majority of the Dutch cities. In very close proximity of the city centre are vast nature reserves as the Ijssel and the Veluwe. This should be readable in the city, where routes to these areas could be highlighted and a nature centre could be established to inform about the nature parks. To strengthen the city profile of being a green city and to strengthen what is the city centre and what is its surroundings it is proposed to establish a green connected ring of street trees around the city centre in bordering streets or connections. A network of green boulevards from the city centre to the surroundings is recommended as effective walking and cycling corridors to the city centre, but also as part of a identity program aiming at strengthening Apeldoorn’s green profile. The Kanaal needs to be integrated better with the city centre and as such Kanaalstraat is the most important link straight into the heart of the city. This street needs upgrading as well as the promenade along the waters edge. It is recommended to carefully program the spaces along the Kanaal to enable a multitude of activities to take place. Further work needs to be done to activate this area as water /boating festivals,
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Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
2
The heart of the city needs to be expanded in order to
3
provide better condtions for the people visiting Apeldoorn,
approached and a program on how to introduce a more
to provide more diverse experiences and activities and
multifunctional use of the centre should be developed. This
to enable more streets and squares to get into play. An
includes a careful programming of the more multifunctional
expansion of the city heart will give better conditions
use of the various spaces as well as a recognition of festivals
for people to rest and enjoy Apeldoorn as well as better
and events as important parts of city life. These should be
conditions for a continued growth and a more viable city
carefully programmed and staged.
centre.
Today certain user groups are very low represented in
Focus points in this connection is Marktstraat, which has
Apeldoorns city centre. These are the elderly and the
already been pointed out by the city, but also Nieuwstraat
children. More focused work needs to be installed to invite
could have a more prominent position in the pedestrian
these groups and to offer them functions and activities
network, not necessarily by being pedestrianised but by
they find worthwhile, as well as offering them a pedestrian
having a high pedestrian priority, where pedestrians are not
environment that they can appreciate.
confined to narrow footpaths.
Facilities for children need to be upgraded and in certain
The minor passages are an intriguing element of the street
cases enlarged. The current policy of maximum distances
Ensure an even better city for walking
Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable The current monofunctional city centre needs to be
Introduction
to playgrounds need to be supplemented or changed into a
installed in especially Hoofdstraat.
immediate ban for building anymore parking structures as
strategy that focuses at quality instead of quantity. As such it
A general toolbox of elements, e.g. benches, lamp posts,
new structures will only attract more traffic to the city centre
would be recommendable with fewer playgrounds of better
bins etc., to be used in the centre can be developed that
and flood the city with even more underused parking. The
quality.
can ensure continuity and high quality in the majority of
present hunt for the most central parking spot need to end
public space. This would create a sense of cohesion. Certain
as well as the constant motion of bringing more parking to
squares can still be special and have their own character, as
the city centre. The thinking needs to be reversed so that
e.g. Stationsplein.
the heart of the city, the city core, is expanded from its
More thought should be given as to where benches are
very concentrated Hoofdstraat and surroundings, to also
installed and the general number needs to be increased to
include other streets, as e.g. Nieuwstraat, Marktstraat,
invite people to spend more time.
Stationsstraat and others. As such the heart of the city will
By programming the public spaces more carefully there
start growing offering more opportunities for a more diverse
Ensure more invitations for enjoying the city
should be an extension of opening hours for certain shops
city centre and better options for linking with the present
A clear network of public spaces interlocked with the
as well as an addition of new functions and more functions
parking structures. It should be felt clearly that once you
pedestrian network should be developed to indicate where
in new areas, e.g. by the Kanaal, that can attract evening
have parked your car, you are in the city. There is no need to
the most important spaces are and where potential retreats
visitors.
walk through no man’s land to get there.
4
can be developed. Through this work a distinct difference
Regarding public transport the information level regarding
between the public spaces can be developed to avoid that
waiting times for buses as well as a simple explanation of the
not all spaces fulfil the same purpose but that some spaces
route network could encourage more people to make use of
are for parties, some for outdoor eating, some for sports,
public transport. Other ideas to lure people into riding public
some for children and others have a bit of everything. A city
transport could be to offer a free ticket every Saturday, which
with a number of versatile public spaces is able to attract
would have a positive effect on the Saturday pressure from vehicular traffic, including the central parking.
diverse groups of visitors who make use of larger parts of the city centre without over-populating a few central squares.
Ensure a city centre with a 21st century traffic system
Apeldoorn is strong on cycling. This focus needs to be
This work should aim at inviting todays rare visitors as well
The current thoroughfares straight through the centre along
maintained and developed to avoid a decline in the cycling
as secure that the many people who actually visit Apeldoorn
Kalverstraat, Molenstraat and Stationsstraat need to be cut
population. More needs to be done in order to spoil
are also given options for spending some time in its public
and that traffic moved to the outer ring road.
cyclists and invite them to make use of the existing and the
spaces.
Parking is an essential issue in Apeldoorn and more needs
expanded cycle network. Technological advices informing
The general quality level of public spaces in Apeldoorn need
to be done in order to study how the current parking
about routes, weather forecasts etc. could be general ideas.
to be raised and spaces should be upgraded and be given
facilities are used /underused and how they can be run more
a distinct design profile. A higher quality level should be
effectively and coordinated citywide. There ought to be an
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
11
Introduction
Study area
500 m: 6 min.
1 km: 12 min
The illustration pinpoints how easily accessible destinations are by foot within Apeldoorn. The illustration shows that just 10 minutes of walking can bring you to central locations and as such walking is a realistic mode of transportation.
parks primary study area study of context
0
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200
300
400
500
Definition of the study area • Small study area = focus area • Larger study area = Setting the study area into a broader context
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Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Introduction
City scale comparisons
Apeldoorn
Odense
Study area: 1.200.000 m2
Study area: 870.000 m2
Population 155.300
Population: 186.700
Population: 595,000
Age distribution, Apeldoorn:
Age distribution, Odense:
Age distribution, The Netherlands:
Rotterdam Study area: 1.150.000 m2
0-17: 9 %
0-14: 7%
0-14: 17.4%
18-39: 37 %
15-64: 91%
15-64: 67.7%
40-64: 34 %
65+ :2%
65 years: 14.9%
64 +: 20 % Studies of other cities are used for comparison and act as the
when using the city facilities. Here are shown different cities
frame of reference in this study. By comparing Apeldoorn's
- Odense and Rotterdam - which are used for comparisons
city centre with other city centres we can get an idea of size,
and best practice examples. Rotterdam is a 'new' city
distances and urban grain and insight into the public life in
comparable with Apeldoorn in type of public space. Odense
relation to other cities of comparable size.
is a medieval city comparable with Apeldoorn in scale and architecture.
Most city centres have a size of approximately 1 km2 as one kilometer is considred a reasonable walking distance
All maps on this page are shown in 1:20.000
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
13
Analysis
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Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Analysis
Overview of analysis
1
A city with wonderful amenities
2
A good city for walking
â‚Ź
3
A monofunctional city
4
A city with public spaces of low quality
People first, cars second
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
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1
A city with wonderful amenities
Potentials • Fantastic natural setting (National park, the Kanaal, Oranjepark) • Proximity of National park. • Garden city. • Compact walkable city centre. • Network of carfree streets and squares. • Human-scaled, low, dense built form. • High number of residents in the city centre.
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Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Challenges • Make stronger connections to amenities (National park, the Kanaal, Oranjepark) • Make better physical and psychological links between the city and surrounding natural areas (National park, the Kanaal, Oranjepark) • Celebrate the green profile.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
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Analysis A city with wonderful amenities
Main areas for residents Comparison:
Residents in study area 7.400
Odense
7.400
6.460
Apeldoorn city: 155.300 study area: 6.460
Odense city: 186.700 study area: 7.400
• Small study area: Focus area. • Larger study area:Setting the study area into a broader 0
Residents in large study area 6.460 Residents in small study area 1.920 Parks Small study area Main residential areas
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Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
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400
500
context. • Having residents in the city centre means that people live in and care about the city. Residents contribute to the vitality day and night, going about their daily tasks. Particularly in the evening residents, even if relatively few in numbers, create an image of a city lived in and looked after.
A city with wonderful amenities Analysis
Where residents live Comparison:
Rotterdam Where residents live in the inner city.
Living in the inner city • High number of residents in the inner city area • 30% of the city centre residents (1.900) live in the study area 0 Housing on ground floor Housing on secondary floor
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400
500
• Creates a positive effect on the feeling of safety • Positive effect on residents' feeling of "ownership" of the city centre • Larger areas outside the inner core made out of ground floor residences, which don’t have an activiating effect on the streetscape (the Kanaal, Oranjepark, the station precinct)
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
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Analysis A city with wonderful amenities
Important historical sites and heritage Example:
Important historical sites and structures Important historical sites and structures source: analysis team 2009 source: analysis team 2009 Apeldoorn Kanaal and its surroundings Apeldoorn Kanaal and its surroundings Grift (former stream, redeveloped parts) Grift (former stream, redeveloped parts) Grift (parts to be redeveloped in the future) Grift (parts to be redeveloped in the future) Historical ‘long lines’: historical routes Historical ‘long lines’: historical routes Historical squares and parks Historical squares and parks Parkenbuurt (listed area) Parkenbuurt (listed area) Apeldoornse ‘huuskes (historical living quarter) Apeldoornse ‘huuskes (historical living quarter) Talens en Nettenfabriek (historical industrial quarter) Talens en Nettenfabriek (historical industrial quarter)
Important historical sites and structures source: analysis team 2009 Apeldoorn Kanaal and its surroundings
0
100
200
300
400
500
Grift (former stream, redeveloped parts) Important historical sites and structures Important historical sites and structures source: analysis team 2009 source: analysis team 2009
Grift (parts to be redeveloped in the future) Historical ‘long lines’: historical routes
Heritage buildings Heritage buildings source: Cultuurhistorische analyse binnenstad / viewer 2009 source: Cultuurhistorische analyse binnenstad / viewer 2009
Apeldoorn Kanaal and its surroundings Apeldoorn Kanaal and its surroundings
Historical squares and parks
Listed buildings (monuments): local and national monuments Listed buildings (monuments): local and national monuments
Grift (former stream, redeveloped parts) Grift (former stream, redeveloped parts)
Parkenbuurt (listed area)
Historically interesting buildings (not listed) Historically interesting buildings (not listed)
Grift (parts to be redeveloped in the future) Grift (parts to be redeveloped in the future)
Apeldoornse ‘huuskes (historical living quarter)
Listed heritage area (Parkenbuurt) Listed heritage area (Parkenbuurt)
Historical ‘long lines’: historical routes Historical ‘long lines’: historical routes
Talens en Nettenfabriek (historical industrial quarter)
Historical squares and parks Historical squares and parks
20
Parkenbuurt (listed area) Parkenbuurt (listed area) Apeldoornse living quarter) 2009 Public Spaces‘huuskes Public(historical Life Apeldoorn Apeldoornse ‘huuskes (historical living quarter) Talens en Nettenfabriek (historical industrial quarter) Talens en Nettenfabriek (historical industrial quarter)
• Heritage buildings are concentrated in the northern part of the city centre.
A city with wonderful amenities Analysis
Buildings heights Example:
0 Building heights source: analysis ruimtelijk plan 2009 1-2 storeys 3-4 storeys 5-6 storeys 6 + storeys (’Apeldoorn high rise’)
100
200
300
400
500
• A human scale city. • Low buildings providing excellent conditions for a good microclimate. • Very few high rise buildings.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
21
Analysis A city with wonderful amenities
Green trees and green spaces Example:
Scots pines on Stationsplein refer to the landscape of the Veluwe.
0 Street trees and green spaces source: observations / data 2009 Solitary trees (or small group) Rows of trees Green parks
22
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
100
200
300
400
500
• A fragmented green network. • The city has a green identity by the gardens of ‘Paleis Het Loo’ and the National Park which is not visible in the city centre.
d icons s projectteam 2009
r nation ections (’it is there’)
y nearby ognizing places ) ale) ctonic identity
A city with wonderful amenities Analysis
Landmarks and special features church tower Loolaan church tower Loolaan
fountain and musictent Oranjepark
folley Beekpark chalet buildings Caterplein statue of deer and hunter
church tower Loolaan church tower Loolaan
folley Deventerstraat brigde
tower Townhall townhall cityterrace Van Kinsbergen floating roof old townhall Raadhuisplein firedepartment building
fountain and musictent Oranjepark
fountain and musictent fountain and musictent Oranjepark Oranjepark folley Beekpark chalet buildings Caterplein statue of deer and hunter
folley Deventerstraat brigde
tower Townhall townhall cityterrace Van Kinsbergen folley Deventerstraat folley Beekpark residential tower ‘het potlood’ (’theBeekpark pencil’) folley Deventerstraat brigde brigde folley Special features in public space chalet buildings Caterplein chalet buildings Caterplein floating roof old townhall source: observations july 2009 freule pedestrian bridge of hunter deer and hunter firedepartment Raadhuisplein statue of statue deer and entrance Oranjerie Contemporary art (sculptures) tower Townhall building tower Townhall residential tower ‘het potlood’ (’the pencil’) Monuments (statues, memorials etc.) Kostersbridge Grift townhall townhall Homeless shelter cityterrace Van Kinsbergen Special buildcityterrace features (historic bridge,Kinsbergen skatebowl, canal deck) Van freule pedestrian bridge historic bridge Apeldoorn Kanaal Waterelements (Grift, fountains, watertable) floating roof old townhall Highrise buiding Kadaster floating roof old townhall entrance Oranjerie Seasonal greenery and flowerbeds Raadhuisplein firedepartment Raadhuisplein firedepartment residential potlood’ (’the pencil’) Kostersbridge Grift‘het(’the building building residential tower ‘hettower potlood’ pencil’) Homeless shelter Landmarks and icons freule pedestrian historic bridge Apeldoorn freule pedestrian bridge bridge source: analysis projectteam 2009 Stationsquare Highrise buiding Kadaster entrance Oranjerie entrance Oranjerie statue ‘the kiss’
City landmark - visible from far - helpfull in orienation and giving directions (’it is there’) Landmarks Landmarks and icons and icons source: analysis projectteam 2009in scale - large source: analysis projectteam 2009 City landmark Local icon City landmark from far - percieved only nearby - visible from- visible far helpfull in orienation - helpfull in recognizing places - helpfull in orienation and giving (’we are here’) and giving directions (’itdirections is there’) (’it is there’) - large in scale - smal(ler) in scale) - large in scale - strong architectonic identity Local icon Local icon - percieved - percieved only nearby only nearby - helpfull in places recognizing places - helpfull in recognizing (’we are here’) (’we are here’) smal(ler) in scale) - smal(ler) in-scale) - strong architectonic identity - strong architectonic identity
Kostersbridge Grift Kostersbridge Grift HomelessHomeless shelter shelter HighriseKadaster buiding Kadaster Highrise buiding
Special features in historic public space historic bridge Apeldoorn bridge Apeldoorn Kanaal Special features in public space source: observations july 2009 source: observations july 2009
Kanaal
Contemporary artStationsquare (sculptures) Contemporary art (sculptures) statue ‘the kiss’ etc.) Monuments (statues, memorials Monuments (statues, memorials etc.) Special build features (historic bridge, skatebowl, canal deck) Special build features (historic bridge, skatebowl, canal deck) Waterelements (Grift, fountains, watertable) Waterelements (Grift, fountains, watertable) Seasonal greenery and flowerbeds Stationsquare Seasonal greenery and flowerbeds Stationsquare
statue statue ‘the kiss’ ‘the kiss’
• Various landmarks spread across the city. • Marking of entry points to the city centre.
• Lack of special features along Hoofdstraat.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
23
2
A good city for walking
Potentials • Compact city with a high level of pedestrian traffic. • Short distances to key destinations. • Low city with a human scale with pedestrian priority. • Good climatic conditions for walking. • A fine-grained network of pedestrian streets & squares. • High pedestrian priority. • No waiting time at crossings. • No footpath interruptions. • Public transport well connected to the pedestrian network.
24
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Challenges • Stretch the city core by a strengthen pedestrian environment in areas outside shopping streets. • Provide public benches along main walking routes • Give people opportunities to sit and stay along Hoofdstraat and the surrounding streets. • Improve walking links to the surrounding city. • Close missing links to the station, Oranjepark and the Kanaal.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
25
Analysis A good city for walking
Walking routes and destinations Comparison:
1
2
3 4
8
5 6
9
7 10
Odense
11
Odense has a widespread and well connected pedestrian network linking to most of the important destinations in the city centre.
Main walking routes Secondary walking routes Supporting walking routes
12
Entry points
Weak entry points
Main walking routes
Main destinations
Secondary walking routes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Supporting walking routes Entry points Weak entry points
Main destinations
26
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Theatre Orpheus Oranjepark Caterplein Cinema Gigant Library Museum Townhall Market(square) Raadhuisplein Oranjerie Train and busstation ROC (large school 16 +)
1 Theatre Orpheus 2 Oranjepark 3 Caterplein 0 100 200 4 Cinema 5 Gigant 13 6 Library 7 Museum 8 Townhall 9 Market(square) 10 Raadhuisplein 11 Oranjerie 12 Train and busstation 13 ROC (large school 16 +)
• Current walking routes are linked to the present 300
400
500
destinations in the inner city area. • Missing links do occur, e.g. to the station, Oranjepark and Theatre Orpheus. • Concentrated activity zone around Hoofdstraat. • Weak points of entry to the inner city walking network. • The Kanaal is not an integrated part of the walking network.
A good city for walking Analysis
Passages Comparison:
Christchurch, NZ Christchurch has a fine grain network of passages. Some have been redeveloped into attractive routes as part of Small passage from Caterplein to V.Huutstraat
the pedestrian network. • The city centre of Apeldoorn has passages connecting important destinations - many of them are hidden or plugged up with small buildings. • Passages offer very different urban space experiences compared to the primary street network - here you have an opportunity to explore. The passages are very much needed in the city structure as important pedestrian links. • The most important passages connections need to be identified in order that they can be redeveloped into attractive, plausible routes through the city as part of a new pedestrian network. • The passages need to be upgraded in order to invite people to use them and improve the accessibility for pedestrians in the city centre. In many cases the passages
Passage between Hoofdstraat and Marktstraat
have a character of dark, back alleys and are certainly not places one would like to walk through late at night.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
27
Analysis A good city for walking
Pedestrian orientated areas Comparison:
1
65.960
2
m2
3
43.200 4
m2
6
5 7
9
8
Odense 10
Car-free areas.
11
Apeldoorn versus Odense
12
Odense
14
13
15
1. Oranjepark: 41.800 m2 2. Beekpark: 12.700 m2
0
100
200
Pedestrian streets and squares (43.200 m2) Parks (57.100 m2) Pedestrian priority streets (not car free but more or less pedestrian friendly: 15.200 m2)
300
400
500
1. Oranjepark: 41.800 m2 2. Beekpark: 12.700 m2 3. Caterplein: 1.400 m2 4. Museumpassage: 1.400 m2
9. Kanaalpark: 32.500 m2 10. Main shopping area: 19.400 m2 11. Hofstraat / Kanaalstraat: 5.550 m2
12. Stadskade: 2.150 m2 5. Nieuwstraat / Vosselmanstraat: 9.650 m2 13. Brinkpark: 2.600 m2 6. Marktplein: 9.950 m2 14. Stationsdwarsstraat: 1.000 m2 7. Raadhuisplein: 1.950 m2 15. Stationsquare: 6.100 m2 8. Leienplein: 1.250 m2 10. Main shopping area: 19.400 m2 11. Hofstraat / Kanaalstraat: 5.550 m2 12. Stadskade: 2.150 m2 13. Brinkpark: 2.600 m2
• Extensive network of pedestrian orientated areas linking up large parts of the inner city.
5. Nieuwstraat / Vosselmanstraat: 9.650 m2 • 6. Marktplein: 9.950 m2 8. Leienplein: 1.250 m2
9. Kanaalpark: 32.500 m2
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
3. Caterplein: 1.400 m2 4. Museumpassage: 1.400 m2
7. Raadhuisplein: 1.950 m2
Pedestrian orientated areas source: observations and calculations july 2009
28
Apeldoorn
Car-free streets and squares in total: 43.200m2.
• Pedestrian priority streets (not car free but more or less pedestrian friendly) have been introduced on e.g. Nieuwstraat and Hofstraat. • Parks are in the periphery of the inner city and not part of the walking network.
A good city for walking Analysis
Street sections
10.20 m.
ion 2: Markstraat
9.7 m.
10.20 m
Pedestrian priority street: Nieuwstraat
1.8 m.
Section 3: Hoofdstraat (midden)
3.7 m.
Section 4: Nieuwstraat
10.20 m.
1.8 m.
2: Markstraat
Section 3: Hoofdstraat (midden)
3.7 m.
Section 4: Nieuwstraat
2
9.7 m.
10.20 m 1.8 m.
Section 1: Kapelstraat
Section 2: Markstraat
Section 3: Hoofdstraat (midden)
Section 4: Nieuw
3 4 6
5 7
9
8
10
11
Pedestrian street: Hoofdstraat
12
25.8 m.
9 m.
7.5 m.
12.5 m.
13
Section 6: Hofstraat
25.8 m. 10.20 m.
21.10 m.
14
6.3 m.
6.9 m.
5.5 m.
12.5 m.
7.5 m.
15
Section 1: Kapelstraat
Section 5: Stationsstraat
Section Section2:6:Markstraat Hofstraat
Section
25.8 m. 7.5 m.
12.5 m.
Section 6: Hofstraat
20.8 m. 8.1 m.
4.3 m.
4.3 m.
Section 8: Hoofdstraat zuid
uid
.
9.7 m.
10.20 m
10.20 m.
6.3 m. 1
21.9 m. 9.2 m.
20.8 m. 8.1 m.
Section 7: Hoofdstraat zuid Mixed traffic: Stationsstraat Pedestrian priority street: Hofstraat 20.8 m. 4.3 m.
Section 8: Hoofdstraat zuid
4.3 m.
4.3 m. 21.10 m. 5.5 m.
Section 8: Hoofdstraat zuid 6.9 m.
Section 5: Stationsstraat 4.3 m.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
29
Weekday, daytime
e
0
Weekday, nighttime
Analysis A good city for walking
Pedestrian traffic
34.000 20.000
20.000
20.000
18.000
18.000
18.000
18.000
16.000
16.000
16.000
16.000
14.000
14.000
14.000
12.000
180
10.000
10.000
140
8.000
440
100
7.000
0 220
1.300
1.500
1.500
770
1.000
440 3.860
590
750
750
500
500
250
250
70
500
460
310
0 220
250
250
220
380
290
320
7.000
920
450
4.000
310
460
380
610
2.000
1.750
590
590
890 200
200
1.060
2.400
520
200
3.000
2.500
530
2.000
120 1.500
740
450
0
1.750
640
750
0
500
520
3.050
3.500
1.390
4.000
1.850
1.070
3.000
1.510
3.620 3.630
2.600
310
2.500
3.620
3.290 1.240
1.2402.000
3.630 7.820
7.820 610
5.000
4.990
34.130
3.290
7.000
6.000
4.420 7.310
3.220
1.510
3.920
2.600
8.000
19.550
1.780
4.420
34.130
1.390
0
1.850
2.400
10.000
1.540
0
Pedestrian traffic, evening Saturday 18:00-24:00
7.310
1.640
12.000
0
8.740
4.990
3.220
220
0
3.050
19.550
1.780
14.000
890
100
100
200
1.640
1.790
250
16.000
110
530
120
0
500
8.740
250
310
130
0 610
110 220
750
2.740
3.920
310
130
18.000
1.060 714
4.000
200
1.000
14.570
14.570
920
1.540 0
1.790
100
7.000
5.000
1.640
1.500
270
370
6.000
1.000
1.000
610
640
1.000
270
2.470
1.840
0
3.000
2.500
250
250
740
5.000
70
500
200
8.000
20.000
110
10.000
1.060 714
2.500
2.500
3.500
320
Pedestrian traffic, evening weekday 18:00-24:00
830
2.470
1.640
290
370
6.000
1.000
100
2.740
200
310
8.000
520
110
10.000
170
4.300
1.190
4.300
320
2.500
2.000
2.000
12.000
520
440
100
4.000 3.000
3.000
50
140
8.000
2205.000
2.500
770
170
200
320
4.000
50
6.000
5.000
14.000
12.000
180
7.000
310
6.000
1.300
Weekend, nighttime
Weekend, nighttime
20.000
12.000
800
Weekend, daytime
Weekend, daytime
Weekday, nighttime
1.560
1.500
310
1.560
1.000
750 500
1.070
440
440
250
Pedestrian traffic, weekday •
Limited number of pedestrians.
•
The general walking pattern shows that the highest concentrations of pedestrians are found in the retail core; Hoofdstraat.
•
Most of the pedestrian traffic is located in shopping streets and there is a limited spread over the rest of the city centre.
•
Low level of evening traffic.
•
Apeldoorn becomes inactive after 18:00 when the shops and offices close. The counts display a remarkable quiet city at night time on a normal weekday.
30
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Pedestrian traffic 8:00-18:00 Wednesday 9th September 2009 Weather:Sunny, cloudy in the afternoon windy about 20 degrees
Pedestrian traffic, Saturday •
Very high number of pedestrians in the retail core; Hoofdstraat.
•
Saturday is normally the busiest day in a city´s retail district and that is the picture in Apeldoorn.
Pedestrian traffic 8:00-18:00 Saturday12th September 2009 Weather: Sunny, cloudy in the afternoon windy about 20 degrees
100
A good city for walking Analysis
34660
Pedestrian traffic in Hoofdstraat Weekday
Saturday
Apeldoorn Hoofdstraat midden zuid
Apeldoorn Hoofdstraat midden zuid 6402
6600 6400 6200 6000
9800
+130%
5800 5600 5400 5200 5000 4800 4600 4400 4200 4000 3800 3600 3400 3200
15070
Pedestrians per hour
3800 3860
2800 2600 2400 2514 2200 2214 2000 2304 1980 1800 1600 1668 1578 1400 1200 1242 1000 800 792 600 400 426 200 198 156 0 120 114 30 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22
Pedestrians per hour
4300
5472
5424 5046
3840
3732
3000 2800 2514 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 876 744 800 600 400 150 156 72 144 200 84 0 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22
• Weekday pedestrian counts on Hoofdstraat • 93% of all activities are between 10:00 and 18:00 • 3% of all activities are after 18:00
• 96% of all activities are between 10:00 and 18:00 • 1,5% of all activities are after 18:00
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
31
Analysis A good city for walking
Pedestrian traffic comparison between mainstreets
34.660
+81% weekday Odense Vestergade midt
Ap Ho eldo ofd orn str aa t O Ve de ste ns rga e de
Pedestrians per hour
15.100
Saturday Odense Vestergade midt
3600 3456 3400 3294 3200 2988 3006 2946 3000 2800 2600 2484 2400 2256 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1014 984 1000 800 600 492 400 372 276 228 200 84 0 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-1212-1313-1414-1515-1616-1717-1818-1919-2020-2121-22
•
3540 3600 3400 3246 3200 2928 3000 2800 2628 2600 2400 2200 2052 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 786 762 800 618 528 540 630 570 600 400 200 180 72 0 8-9 9-10 10-1111-1212-1313-1414-1515-16 16-17 17-1818-19 19-20 20-21 21-22
In Odense 9% of all
•
activities take place after
activities take place after
18:00, 3X as much as Hoofdstraat, Apeldoorn
•
Hoofdstraat has a reasonable amount of pedestrians on
In Odense 12% of all 18:00, 7X as much as
Apeldoorn Hoofdstraat midden zuid
Apeldoorn Hoofdstraat midden zuid
•
Hoofdstraat, Apeldoorn
Saturdays are when everybody and his uncle are coming
a normal summer weekday, but nothing like Odense's
to Apeldoorn. Numbers are more than 200% of a normal
impressive numbers, where a substantial amount of
weekday. Compared to Odense Apeldoorn explodes
people use the city also during the week.
during Saturdays and has a remarkable difference between the ordinary weekday and Saturdays.
32
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
19.100
Ap Ho eldo ofd orn str aa t Ve Ode ste ns rga e de
+58%
Pedestrians per hour
23.900
A good city for walking Analysis
Pavement quality Example:
High quality tile paving on Stationsstraat
ecial
ndard
Low quality tarmac paving on Hoofdstraat
es
y
• High paving quality covers somewhat half of the city
ues
centre Pavement quality source: observations july 2009 high - good look and feel: something special Pavement quality in design - specially detailled source: - clean, observations no damages july 2009 high regular -- good plain look and feel: something special standard -- specially detailled in design no specific detailing -- clean, clean, no no damages or minor maintance issues regular low -- plain look and and feel: feel: outdated something bad look or standard grey -- no no specific detailingdetailing -- clean, no or(serious) minor maintance not clean, maintanceissues issues low Hoofdstraat - bad look and feel: outdated or grey - no detailing - not clean, (serious) maintance issues Hoofdstraat
• Hoofdstraat stands out as the most used, most 0
100
200
300
400
500
important street in Apeldoorn. The tarmac paving here has transformed into a dirty grey colour and neither the quality of the material or the visual appearance correlates with Hoofdstraat's significant position in the pedestrian network. • The map to the left reflects streets where a quality upgrade in paving ought to happen.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
33
Analysis A good city for walking
Waiting time at crossings Comparison:
Sydney
6,3 %
Testwalks:
17 %
Percentage of walking time
Restaurant Wilde Pieters
Waiting time
spent on waiting at traffic lights
14,3 %
Apeldoorn Canal
Townhall
Example: Park Street
9,3 %
(from Sussex Street to College Street)
30 %
Walking time:
Waiting time
8 min 44 sec.
38 %
Waiting time:
Apeldoorn Canal
9 min 20 sec
13,2 %
Total trip time:
Waiting time
52 %
Waiting time
18 min 4 sec
spent
009
Wilhelmina Druckerstraat
6,3 %
3.
33 %
Waiting time
Restaurant Wilde Pieters
es (6,3 %) Brinkpark
4.
6,3 %
Restaurant Wilde Pieters
1.
2.
13,2 %)
Public Spaces Public Life
Apeldoorn Canal
Townhall
Restaurant Wilde Pieters
Percentage of walkingtime spent on waiting for stoplights source: observations july 2009 Stationsplein
s 9,3 %)
14,3 %
6,3 %
(14,3 %)
34
Waiting time: 52%
9,3 % 19 %
14,3 %Apeldoorn
14,3 %
Townhall
Townhall Wilhelmina
0 100 Druckerstraat 200 1. total time: 16:43 minutes walkingtime: 15.39 minutes waitingtime: 1.04 minutes (6,3 %) Percentage of walkingtime spent Percentage of walkingtime spentfor stoplights 2. total time: 10.25 minutes on waiting on waiting for stoplights 8.38 minutes source: observations julywalkingtime: 2009 Wilhelmina source: observations july 2009 waitingtime: 1.47 minutes (14,33. %) Wilhelmina Druckerstraat 3. 1. total time: 16:43 minutes Druckerstraat 1. total time: 16:43 minutes 3. total time: 14.06 minutes walkingtime: 15.39 minutes walkingtime: 15.39 minutes walkingtime: waitingtime: 1.04 minutes (6,3 %) 12.35 minutes waitingtime: 1.04 minutes (6,3 %) waitingtime: 1.31 minutes (9,3 %) Brinkpark 2. total time: 10.25 minutes Brinkpark 2. total time: 10.25 minutes 4. 4. total time: 8.12 minutes walkingtime: 8.38 minutes walkingtime: 8.38 minutes walkingtime: waitingtime: 1.47 minutes (14,3 %) 7.05 minutes waitingtime: 1.47 minutes (14,3 %) waitingtime: 1.07 minutes (13,2 %) 3. total time: 14.06 minutes 3. total time: 14.06 minutes walkingtime: 12.35 minutes walkingtime: 12.35 minutes waitingtime: 1.31 minutes (9,3 %) Apeldoornwaitingtime: 2009 1.31 minutes (9,3 %) 4. total time: 8.12 minutes 4. total time: 8.12 minutes walkingtime: 7.05 minutes walkingtime: 7.05 minutes waitingtime: 1.07 minutes (13,2 %) waitingtime: 1.07 minutes (13,2 %)
3.
300
400
Canal
500 Apeldoorn Canal
Brinkpark
Waiting time
Apeldoorn Canal
9,3 %
Apeldoorn
Canal 13,2 %
Apeldoorn
9,3Canal %
13,2 %
0
100 200 300 400 500 m
13,2 %
4.
1. 2. • Low level of waiting time at crossings on the test walks Stationsplein
performed.
4.
1.
2.
Stationsplein
1.
2.
Stationsplein
A good city for walking Analysis
Footpath interruptions Comparison:
Adelaide Unnecessary footpath interruptions: Dots showing 330 unnecessary interruptions.
009
h
0
h Footpath interruptions source: observations july 2009
100
200
300
400
500
• Very few physical interruptions of the footpaths. • A substantial number of vehicle entrances which do not
physically interrupted footpath by vehicle entrances or side roads
effect the footpath layout, but which might have an effect
vehicle entrances without lowering or changing footpath level
question. (Nieuwstraat + Stationsstraat).
on walking quality + number of accidents in the streets in
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
35
Analysis A good city for walking
Footpath interruptions Beekpark is an excellent example of a street that has
• Parked cars (numerous, on the footpath)
gradually been turned into a rubbish dump of various things.
• Poorly placed signs
As a key link between Beekpark and Caterplein /the
• 12 month outdoor serving areas (unused in winter)
Hoogstraat network, this fine little street should be
• Bulky bins
wonderful, peaceful walking link with ample space for
• Commercial signs
pedestrians, also pedestrians with kids, prams or goods.
• Bollards
At present there is only scarce room for people as the
• Poorly placed bicycle racks
footpaths has been filled by a multitude of things, such as:
• Unorganised bicycle parking
Beekpark.
36
Beekpark.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Beekpark.
A good city for walking Analysis
Footpath interruptions A general problem in Apeldoorn, and a number of other Dutch cities, e.g. Rotterdam, appears to be the amount and character of various commercial elements. There is a tendency of wanting to speak louder than your neighbour, resulting in an inferno of coulourful elements, having a negative effect on the buildings they are placed on and a substantial impact on the street, where footpaths are turned into slalom courses.
Pedestrians flock in the middle - for obvious reasons, Hoogstraat.
Outdoor serving area - unused. December in Deventerstraat.
Bulky goods display. Deventerstraat.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
37
3
A monofunctional city
€
Potentials • Many visitors to the city centre • Activity during working /shopping hours • Frequent outdoor markets (70% of all events are the outdoor markets) • Many bars /restaurants are open in the evening • Options for families with children, policy regarding distance to playgrounds
38
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
€
Challenges • Increase types and total number of activities after 6 pm. • Stretch the actively used areas and mix activities. • Increase diversity in user groups. • Integrate cultural facilities in the public space network. • Improve quality of children's playgrounds. • Promote diverse types and total number of events
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
39
Analysis A monofunctional city €
Functions in the city centre Comparison:
Culture / Rekreation Retail Food and Daily groceries Restaurant / Café
Odense Functions in the inner city
• Monofunctional city centre (shopping)
Functions in the city centre source: data bestemmingsplan dienst RO Entertainment (restaurants, cafes, bars, laser game, bowling, etc.)
0
100
Culture (museum, library, cinema, arts centre, etc.) Functions in the city centre source: data bestemmingsplan dienst RO
Shopping (clothes, shoes, groceries, bakeries, florist etc.)
Entertainment (restaurants, cafes, bars, laser game, bowling, etc.)
Services (towhall, banks, postoffices, insurance agencies)
Culture (museum, library, cinema, arts centre, etc.)
Industrial sites (factory, buildingcompanies, DIY center)
Shopping (clothes, shoes, groceries, bakeries, florist etc.) Services (towhall, banks, postoffices, insurance agencies) Industrial sites (factory, buildingcompanies, DIY center)
40
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
200
300
400
500
• Shopping spaces deserted at night and during other nonshopping hours. • Areas dominated by offices are lively only in the morning, during lunchtime, and again during evening rush hour. Outside these peaks the areas appear isolated and deserted and do not act as pleasant destinations for visitors.
Culture / Rekreation Retail Food and Daily groceries Restaurant / Café
laan: veh. 8 4.43 veh. 838 t: 4.
A monofunctional city Analysis €
Evening activity between 21.00-23.00
a, casino etc.
Comparison:
eg: h. 138
Dev ente in: r 8.84 straat: out: 9 11.6 veh. 93 v eh.
84
Odense n aaApeldoorn Total evening activity. rustl apen 03 veh. . W Apeldoorn versus Odense8.5 h 8 ve in: 0.40 1 : t ou
aat . veh . h e 8v
• One-sided evening life is dominated by restaurants and
Evening activities between 21.00 - 23.00 on a summer weekday source: observations july 2009 Restaurants and bars Supermarket
Restaurants and bars
Sport and wellness
Supermarket
fitness, suntanning etc.
Culture and leisure
Bus- and trainstation
bowling, arthouse, lasergame,
Koning Stadhouderlaa in: 10.132 veh. out: 10.317 veh.
n: h. laa 5 ve h. A e 7 PW 4.1 42 v in: : 3.9 t ou
Culture and leisure Evening activities between 21.00 - 23.00 on abowling, summerarthouse, weekdaylasergame, source: observations july 2009 cinema, casino etc.
cinema, casino etc. Sport and wellness
0
100
Odense
200
300
400
500
bars. • High concentration of activities around Caterplein, Raadhuisplein, Leienplein, V. Kinsbergenstraat. • City tends to be monofunctional, mainly bars and restaurants. • No evening activity along the middle section of Hoofdstraat, the Kanaal, or Oranjepark.
fitness, suntanning etc. Bus- and trainstation
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
41
Analysis A monofunctional city €
Events Comparison: Vinterjazz
Musikhøst Folk Festival
Vinterjazz Folk Festival
Stig Rossen Julekoncert
Torsdagskoncert Sommerjazz
Musikhøst Carl Nielsen Violin Konkurrence
Musikhøst
Torvedage H.C. Andersens Julemarked
Børneteater
Oranjepark Musikhøst
Sommerjazz
Vinterjazz
Antikmarked
Skøjtebane
Legetøjsmarked Odense Internationale Høstfest Bluesdage Juletræet tændes Rådhusrundvisning Studiestartfest Torsdagskoncert Folk Festival Vinterjazz Folk Festival Bach uge Odense Filmfestival Sommerjazz Farmers market Robotfestival
Caterplein 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 j
25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 m a 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01
f
10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 j
42
f
25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01
Marketplein
Å sejllads Jazz på Odense Å
Raadhuisplein Leijenplein
62 events
62 events
144 markets
144 markets
62 events Total innercity
m j j j f a ms ao mn j d j
10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 j 01f
Sommerdans
a s o
n
d
30 events
m a m j
j
a s o a s o
n
144 markets
j
f
10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01
m a m j jj f a ms ao mn
j
10 09 0 100 08 07 Raadhuisplein Major eventspaces and number of events in 2009 06 Major eventspaces and number of events in 2009 source: data Apeldoorns uitburo, 2009 uitburo, 2009 source: data Apeldoorns 05 Total (market and events) Total number of activities (market and events) in study 04in study Eventnumber space of activities site per year: 285site per year: 285 30 events 03 - Marktplein: 174 (61 %) - Marktplein: 17402 (61 %) - Raadhuisplein: - Raadhuisplein: 30 (11 %) 30 (11 %) Total innercity- Caterplein/Leijenplein: 59 (20 %) - Caterplein/Leijenplein: 5901 (20 %)
Raadhuisplein
m a m j jj f a ms ao mn j d j
Total innercity
10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01
20 19 18 17 16 The 15 14 13 12 Caterplein, 11 Caterplein, Beekstraat, Beekstraat, 10 Kapelstraat and Kapelstraat and 09 Leienplein Leienplein 08 07 06 11 events 11 events 05 48 weekly markets 48 weekly markets 04 03 02 01 jd j a s o n d
n
d
d
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
- various locations ( 8 %) - various22 locations
22 ( 8 %) j
f
m a m j
j
f
Marktplein Marktplein 48 % of the time48 occupied % of the time occupied with an event or with market) an event or market)
20 19 18 17 16 Kanaal 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01
30 events
m a m j jj f a ms ao mn j d j
a s o
Caterplein, Beekstraat, and 300 Kapelstraat 400 500 Leienplein
200
11 events 48 weekly markets
a s o
n
d
30 events
Odense
Marktplein
144 weekly markets 144 weekly markets
n
d
Odense has many summer and winter 48 events, spread % of the time occupied 20 with an or market) out19 across many parts of the public spaces in event the city 18 centre. The events are versatile and for all user groups 17 e.g.16summer and winter jazz festival, theatre for children, movie 15 festival, summer dance etc. 14 30 events 13 12 144 weekly markets 11 10 09 • Total number of activities per year: 285. 08 • Most 07 events take place in the summer months. 06 events in Apeldoorn is markets (61%) • Main 05 • Only few places are activated by events. 04 • 30% 03 of events take place outside Marktplein. 02many events along the Kanaal. • Not 01 j
f
m a m j
j
a s o
n
d
A monofunctional city Analysis €
Eventspace: Marktplein Variety of events A broader variety of events in the city centre would invite different user and age groups with different interests. For example; skating festival, a sing-along festival, fashion week, Apeldoorn by night (lighting festival in public spaces), flea markets, historic walks in the city centre, art festival for children etc. The positive aspect of events is that they gather a lot of people, which adds life and bustle to the whole area in which they take place. For example, once you are in the city centre for an event, you might also go for a coffee, lunch or shopping.
d
kets arkets
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07
20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 09 08 08 07 07 06 06 05 05 04 04 03 03 02 02 01 01 j
Marktplein Marktplein 48 % of the time occupied 48 % of the time occupied with an event or market) with an event or market)
• Marktplein is an iconic space with a strong identity and a fine location where a lot of different events can take place 30 events 30 events 144 weekly markets 144 weekly markets
all year round. • Marktplein is the largest square in Apeldoorn (9.950 m2) • The event calender shows that Marktplein is the most used public space in the city centre. (61% of all events in the city centre take place on Marktplein)
Marktplein 48 % of the time occupied with an event or market)
• Marktplein is mostly used for markets - every Monday, Wednesday and Saturday (all year round) • Marktplein is a formal public space and has fantastic potential as the heart of the city. But because of the heavy use for markets it does not function as a communal city
j
f
f
m a m j j a s o n d m a m j j a s o n d
square - it is more used as a private outdoor supermarket.
30 events 144 weekly markets
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
43
Analysis A monofunctional city €
Public places for children Example:
Small playground in central city area, Leienplein with very few possibilities for creative playing
july 2009
f 400 meter
ebowl)
policy
skate bowl
aygrounds e) Places for children source: observations and data july 2009
0
100
Playgrounds children 0 - 12 jr. with theoretical users radius of 400 meter Places for for children children Places source: observations observations and and data data july july 2009 2009 source:
Playground children 12 + (skatebowl)
Playgrounds children children 00 -- 12 12 jr. jr. Playgrounds with theoretical theoretical users users radius radius of of 400 400 meter meter with
Reference norm used in play policy municipality of Apeldoorn maxium distance to nearest playgrounds (based on norm NUSO-institute) 0-6 jr: max 100 meter 6-12 jr. max 300/400 meter 12+ > 1000 meter
Playground children children 12 12 ++ (skatebowl) (skatebowl) Playground Reference norm norm used used in in play play policy policy Reference municipality of of Apeldoorn Apeldoorn municipality maxium distance distance to to nearest nearest playgrounds playgrounds maxium (based on on norm norm NUSO-institute) NUSO-institute) (based 0-6 jr: jr: max max 100 100 meter meter 0-6 6-12 jr. jr. max max 300/400 300/400 meter meter 6-12 12+ >> 1000 1000 meter meter 12+
44
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
200
300
400
500
• Many playgrounds very close to the core of the city. Within 10 minutes walking distance.
skate bowl
• The majority of these playgrounds are quite small, with very few play elements and few options for creative play. • bowl Rather have fewer playgrounds of better quality. skate bowl skate
A monofunctional city Analysis
Tietgen Business College
€
Den Sociale Højskole
2.100
500
Students in the city centre Anne Frank school: 165
VUC
Fyns Musikkonservatorium
187
Comparison:
Koninklijke scholengemeenschap: 1.445
144
Odense Katedral Skole 650
Koningin Wilhelminaschool: 521
VUC VUC
419 18
University College Lillebælt 1.028
Det Fynske Kunstakademi 60 VUC
Anne Frank school: 165
326
Koninklijke scholengemeenschap: 1.445
TietgenSkolen Teknisk Skole
21.538 Syddansk Universitet ca. 4 km.
877
600
Koningin Wilhelminaschool: 521
Odense Odense has more educational institutions placed in the city centre and a large number of students on a daily basis.
e city centre
Fotovakschool (in 2010): 350
s (6-12 jr)
ools (12-18 jr)
ducation (>16 jr)
ROC: 8.244
0
100
200
300
400
500
Schools in the city centre
• Congregation of350 public Fotovakschool (in 2010):
Primary schools (6-12 jr)
schools north of the city centre,
close to Oranjepark.
Secondary schools (12-18 jr)
• Youth education south of the station.
Professional education (>16 jr)
ROC: 8.244
• No university faculties.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
45
Analysis A monofunctional city â‚Ź
Age and gender - Hoofdstraat Hoofdstraat 11.00
Hoofdstraat 15.00
69%
Hoofdstraat 11.00
29
Hoofdstraat 13.00 Hoofdstraat 13.00
men
Hoofdstraat 15.00 53% 22
48%
men
men
18
40
women
36%
35% men
14
16 31
women
21
7-14
20
8
women
15-30
women
11% 2% 31-64
65+
5%
7% 1%
0-6
7-14
15-30
31-64
Percent
men
Percent
Percent
5%
5
men
women
30
13%
12%
0-6
women
65+
5% 1% 0-6
7-14
Age
Age
15-30
31-64
65+
Age
Hoofdstraat 17.00 Hoofdstraat 19.00
Hoofdstraat 21.00
Hoofdstraat 17.00
Hoofdstraat 19.00
Hoofdstraat 21.00
59% 22
64% 28
men
36
women
men
51% 30
men
48% 36
men
36% 37
women
30%
5%
6% 0%
7-14
15-30
17
women
women
12 women
0-6
31-64
Age
46
21
women
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
65+
Percent
Percent
19
men
men
0%
0%
0-6
7-14
women
0% 15-30 Age
31-64
65+
Percent
11
19
0%
0%
0-6
7-14
0% 15-30 Age
31-64
65+
A monofunctional city Analysis €
Age and gender - Hoofdstraat
Age and gender surveys were performed on Hoofdstraat and Marktstraat in the inner city to determine how the public realm is used by males and females and different age groups. A representative segment of pedestrians have been recorded at 11.00, 13.00, 15.00, 19.00 and 21.00. The average of all people recorded on Hoofdstraat on a summer weekday: Children ( 0-14 years):
9%
Young people (15-30 years):
45%
Middle aged (31-64 years):
45%
Elderly (65+ years):
1%
• The young people (15-30 years) and the middle aged (31-64 years) account for the most of the pedestrians throughout the whole day. These groups also cover the largest age span and represent the most commercial
66% men
56% 52% 48%
women
• The group of children are biggest in the morning and in
women
47%
women
women
active part of the population. 53%
women
50%
men
from the street life after 17.00.
36%
34%
men
men
the afternoon. The children (0-14 years) have disappeared
34% men
33%
33% men
• The elderly above 65 years are present on the streets in
women
the morning. The elderly above 65 years have disappeared from the street life after 15.00. • Women are strongly represented in the daytime, where they account for 52%. Generally speaking it has been observed that the supply and demand on Hoofdstraat 11:00
13:00
15:00
17:00
19:00
21:00
especially appeal towards the group of commercial active women.
Hoofdstraat - Men and women
Gender distribution on Hoofdstraat (15-64 years) between 11.00 - 21.00
• However when the shops are closed men are the highest representative on Hoofdstraat with 57%.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
47
Analysis A monofunctional city â‚Ź
Age and gender - Marktstraat
Marktstraat 13.00
Marktstraat 15.00 Marktstraat 11.00
Marktstraat 11.00
Marktstraat 13.00
Marktstraat 15.00
62% 27
57%
men
men
25
43% 19
35
32%
women
13
men
19
women
32
women
6% 2%
0-6
7-14
15-30
31-64
10%
8% 4% 0% 0-6
65+
7-14
15-30
men
20
women
31-64
women
8% 1%
0-6
65+
7-14
Age
Age
18
Percent
Percent
24
men
Percent
14
7%
38%
women
24% 10
men
15-30
31-64
65+
Age
Marktstraat 21.00
Marktstraat 19.00
Marktstraat 17.00
78%
Marktstraat 17.00
Marktstraat 19.00
55% 32
Marktstraat 21.00
78
men
men
52% 43
men
47% 43
33
women
men
30% 12
men
18
women
0% 0-6
0% 7-14
15-30
31-64
Age
48
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
65+
9
0%
0%
0-6
7-14
women
4 15-30 Age
31-64
women
0% 65+
Percent
5%
Percent
Percent
22%
0%
0%
0-6
7-14
11
men
11
women
0 15-30 Age
women
31-64
0% 65+
A monofunctional city Analysis €
Age and gender - Marktstraat
Age and gender surveys were performed on Hoofdstraat and Marktstraat in the inner city to determine how the public realm is used by males and females and different age groups. A representative segment of pedestrians have been recorded at 11.00, 13.00, 15.00, 19.00 and 21.00. 89%
86%
men
men
The average of all people recorded on Marktstraat on a summer weekday: Children ( 0-14 years):
51%
51%
49%
women
women
men
men
44% women
38%
37%
women
44%
40%
Middle aged (31-64 years):
52%
Elderly (65+ years):
men
37%
8%
Young people (15-30 years):
1%
men
• There are no significant changes in the different age groups represented in Marktstraat compared with 13% women
Hoofdstraat in the morning.
11% women
• Women are represented by 49% in Marktstraat when the shops are open (52% on Hoofdstraat)
11:00
13:00
15:00
17:00
19:00
Marktstraat - Men and women
21:00
• However the picture is totally different after the shops are closed - where men are very strongly represented. After 19.00 87,5% of the pedestrians account for men (57% on
Gender distribution on Marktstraat (15-64 years) between 11.00 - 21.00
Hoofdstraat)
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
49
4
A city with public spaces of low quality
Potentials • A green identity. • Fine-grained urban structure, fine walking streets, human scaled places. • Low and dense city offering a wonderful microclimate. • High amount of pedestrian orientated areas. • Recently upgraded Stationsplein. • Many active ground floor frontages in the city core. • High level of outdoor serving areas. • High number of café seats.
50
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Challenges • Close missing links in the public space network. • Make each public space have a distinct character. • Improve the physical appearance of public space. • Alleviate wind problems at the canal. • Improve capacity for walking and stationary activity in Nieuwstraat. • Connect fragmented green network. • Increase level of stationary activities. • Create a more diverse activity pattern. • Provide more and improve quality of public benches. • Link benches in the pedestrian network. • Spread outdoor serving areas to rest of city. • Address problems with privatization of public space. • Activate ground floor frontages in the cultural precinct, Nieuwstraat, Station precinct, Marketplein. Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
51
Analysis A city with public spaces of low quality
Stationary activity counts
413 On Marktplein 75% of the stationary activities between 12pm and 4pm are made up of commercial activities (people selling goods in market stands and thus not people choosing to spend time due to the quality of space).
Oranjepark
Oranjepark
385
Kapelstraat Vosselmanstraat
Kanaalpark
Marktplein Hofstraat Kanaalstraat
Raadhuisplein
Hoofdstraat
114
4
• Very low level of activity. Raadhuisplein is the most popular public space. Data collected: Wednesday 9th September 2009 Weather:Sunny, cloudy in the afternoon windy about 20 degrees
5 Stationsplein
57
Hoofdstraat zuid
19
Stationsdwarsstraat
4
between 12:00 and 16:00 on a summer weekday.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
53
Stationsplein
9
• Average number of stationary activities found in the period
52
92
Leijenplein
4
57
33
58
Stationsdwarsstraat
39
Hoofdstraat zuid
Hofstraat Kanaalstraat
53
9
4
Caterplein
Beekpark Kanaalpark
22
Raadhuisplein
11 Leijenplein
Marktplein
118
Hoofdstraat
14
Kapelstraat Vosselmanstraat
4
Caterplein
Beekpark
14
24
• Average number of stationary activities found in the period between 12:00 and 16:00 on a summer Saturday. • The activity level is 250% higher than weekdays, but still extremely low. Data collected: Saturday 12th September 2009 Weather:Sunny, cloudy in the afternoon windy about 20 degrees
33.550
A city with public spaces of low quality Analysis
Stationary activity vs. pedestrian traffic in Hoofdstraat Physically active Culturally active Commercially active Children playing
Hoofdstraat tussen Hofstraat en Paslaan
Lying down 400
Secondary seating Café chairs Benches
300
Stationary activity counts - Weekday
Number of persons
14.500
Standing
Hoofdstraat tussen Hofstraat en Paslaan total 198 Waiting for transport
Number of persons
200
14.500
Hoofdstraat
100 62 50
47 34
1
4
16
18
20
Time
Time
Physically active Fysiske aktiviteter
Number of persons
200
Weekday
100
Stationary activity
139
Pedestrian traffic
158 134
Siddende Secondarysekundær seating
Venter på transport transport Waiting for
Beregning af søjler displayed here.= The graphs to the left display 200 enhedder (gående/aktiviteter) 0,9 mm 100 enheder = 0,45 a substantial number of pedestrians come to 1 enhed = 0,0045
Saturday
Stationary activity
200
Liggende Lying down
Stående Standing
Pedestrian traffic
Children playing Legende børn
Siddende Benches bænk
• The most important story to tell about Apeldoorn is
480
Hoofdstraat tussen Hofstraat en Paslaan total 480
Kommercielle aktiviteter Commercially active
Siddende café Café chairs
200
Weekday
Stationary activity counts - Saturday
Kulturelle aktiviteter Culturally active
Stationary activity
14
Pedestrian traffic
12
Pedestrian traffic
10
Stationary activity
0
480
Saturday
that although Hoofdstraat
on a summer Saturday (33.550) very few of them choose to spend time there. Very few people engage in stationary activities or go visit other parts of the city centre. Beregning af søjler • enhedder There(gående/aktiviteter) is an enormous potential in working out 200 = 0,9 mm 100 enheder = 0,45 people 1 enhed = 0,0045can be invited to spend more time and
how more engage
in different activities while they are in the city. No new Weekday and Saturday stationary activity counts
visitors are needed. People are already there, they just
3
versus pedestrian traffic,
need the proper invitations for them to start doing other
20
Hoofdstraat between 10:00 - 21:00
things than just walking up and down Hoofdstraat.
45
5 0 10
12
14
Time
16
18
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
53
Analysis A city with public spaces of low quality
Public space quality The quality of public space is an overriding factor for the success of the public life that can take place in a city. A city consisting of high quality public spaces with wonderful conditions for enjoying the climate, with a multitude of events and activities that people can choose to participate in and with strong links to the pedestrian network and the amenities is generally a successful city with a flourishing and diverse public life.
Stationsplein is a very successful upgrade.
Caterplein is in need of an upgrade and a re-think.
In Apeldoorn the overall message is that something is lacking. People are not spending a long time in the city centre and their activities while in the city tend to be somewhat the same every time they visit, with shopping as a predominant activity. This relates to a number of reasons of which one factor has to do with the current quality level of the public spaces. Some public spaces are worn down and in need of a brush over, including a new thinking regarding the general layout of the space, the design profile and the future use e.g. Caterplein. Others are unfortunately rather new and are the result of a misconception of what public space is and should Unfortunate and unused recently upgraded public space.
54
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Kanaal promenade is a waiting potential.
be.
A city with public spaces of low quality Analysis
428
Comparison between city centres On Marktplein 75% of the stationary activities between 12pm and 4pm are made up of commercial activities (people selling goods in market stands and thus not people choosing to spend time due to the quality of space).
407
95
Lotzes Have
36
40
Overgade
18
HC Andersen Haven
26
82
Fisketorvet
99
Vestergade Ø/Stålstræde/Asylgade/L. Gråbrd. Str.
Vintapperstræde/Gråbrd. Str.
67
Klingenberg/Skt. Knuds Plads Flakhaen
Lying down
Vestergade M/Gråbrødre Plads/Ove Sprogøes Plads
4
Café chairs
68
Benches
6
Stationsplein
20
Children playing
Secondary seating Stationsdwarsstraat
Hoofdstraat zuid
61
Commercially active
129
135
Vestergade V/Mageløs
Culturally active Kanaalpark
149
Hofstraat Kanaalstraat
Marktplein
Physically active
Hoofdstraat
11
Raadhuisplein
67
Kongensgade/Brandts Torv/Slotsgade
Brandts Klædefabrik/Brandts Passage
Oranjepark
Kapelstraat Vosselmanstraat
29
23
153
Leijenplein
5
Caterplein
Beekpark
45
Sortebrødre Torv/Claus Bergs Gade
Comparison: Kongens Have
377
Standing
27
Waiting for transport
Odense Stationary activities •
Average number of stationary activities found in the period between 12:00 and 14:00 on a summer Saturday.
•
Stationary activities - Average number of stationary activities found in the period between 12:00 and 14:00 on a summer Saturday.
Compared to Odense the stationary activity level is 60% lower in the city centre of Apeldoorn. (The people selling goods on Marktplein have been withdrawn in the calculation).
•
Compared to Odense the activities cover a larger geographical area and thus puts more of the city into play.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
55
Analysis A city with public spaces of low quality
Comparison between mainstreets, Saturday 33.550
33.550
+75% 450
450
total
480 400
total
438
1.340
400 375
350
350 19.100
19.100
200
200
158
150 134
150 133
139 1.340
45
4
3
0 Time 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00
Apeldoorn
• 1,5% of all activities take place after 18:00 • 63% of all people are standing
number of persons
50
1.340
105
100
Pe de s -o tria Sta n a Sn tra Odense Vestergade tio atu ffic na rda -on r y y a Sactiv atu ity rda y
480
number of persons
Pe de s -o tria Sta n a Sn tra tio atu ffic Apeldoorn Hoofdstraat na rda -on r y y a Sactiv atu ity rda y
100
148
142
50
0 Time 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00
Odense
• 19% of all activities take place after 18:00 (13X more than Apeldoorn Hoofdstraat) • 72% of all people are sitting on café chairs
Pedestrian traffic on a Saturday
480
Odense Vestergade
250
Apeldoorn Hoofdstraat
250
Odense Vestergade
300
Apeldoorn Hoofdstraat
300
+180%
Stationary activity on a Saturday
Apeldoorn vs. Odense • Although Apeldoorn enjoys many more visitors to the main street, very few of them choose to stay for a while and linger or engage in other activities than walking.
56
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
19
7 0
10
18
11 14
12
16
18
0
20
Time
14
12
10
16
18
2 20
Time
A city with public spaces of low quality Analysis 400 365
Comparison between parks 300
Kanaalpark total 22
10
12
Oranjepark total 143 4 7 14
Number of persons
200
16
3
4
18
20
100 300
55
7 0
10
12
16
18
0
20
0
10
Time
18
20
quite under-utilized.
0
12
10
7
2
0 14
4
12
Time
16
14
11 18
4 16
3 20
18
4
18
20
20
4. Kanaalpark total 22
H 200
100
31 9
• Lotzes Have has 360% more act. 0
200
than Oranjepark.
200
100
0
Time
20
Time
H.C. Andersen Have total 362
25
26
19
2
Lotzes Have total 659
Number of persons
Number of persons
Number of persons 10
• 10 Very low numbers of people 14 16 12
3
Number of persons
Number of persons 0
4
Especially Kanaalpark is
55
18
16
Odense
7
using the public parks. Time
100
14
12
10
300
2
12
10
36
100
0
0
65
365
Apeldoorn
20
100
400
0 200
18
173
0
Kanaalpark total 22
Oranjepark Kanaalpark total 143 total 22
7
16
Time
200
100
14
18
Time
200
12
25 16
100
28
11
14
12
10
200
55 26
173
9
100
19
31
11
14
104 85
25
26
19
105
100
Number of persons
365
Time
7
Lotzes Have total 659
Number of persons
2
400
Number of persons
0
0
Number of persons
100
200
200
200
Number of persons
Number of persons
200
H.C. Andersen Have total 362
Oranjepark total 143
173
12
• HC Andersens Have has 1550% more act. than Kanaalpark. 105
100
104 85
65 36
31 0
12
10
14
12
28
18
9 10
10
16
Time
14
18
2 16
20
18
20
Time
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
H.C. Andersen Have total 362
57
Analysis A city with public spaces of low quality
Public benches and pedestrian routes Comparison: 15 40 120
60 26
60
80
1016
180 30
25
20
100
20 30
330
136
10
60
64
120
30
15
50
40
128
75
10
20
60
320
110
120
120
190
160
265
40 10
190
30
1520 seats 30
53 96 337 15
85
131
16
110 35
335 128
100
Rotterdam Extensive public seating in 750 seats
the city centre
378 seats
Public benches source: observations july 2009
Total number of seats: Apeldoorn
15+ seats 10-14 seats
0
100
200
300
400
Odense
Rotterdam
500
5-9 seats 1-4 seats Public benches source: observations july 2009 15+ seats
main walking routes
10-14 seats
secondary walking routes
5-9 seats
supporting walking routes
1-4 seats
main walking routes secondary walking routes supporting walking routes
58
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
• No direct link between the main pedestrian routes and the supply of public benches. • Very few options for resting along pedestrian routes.
A city with public spaces of low quality Analysis
Public benches and pedestrian routes Public seats When inviting people to walk and enjoy the public realm it is important that different opportunities for pausing and resting are provided. Apart from the number of public seats, other factors are important in order to provide good quality seating. Experience shows that the most popular seating is of good quality, has a nice view, sufficient sun/shade and shelter, and most importantly is located close to important pedestrian routes and destinations. Good comfortable seating in the right location provides visitors with rest and an opportunity to stay longer,
Uncomfortable seating options, Hofstraat.
which contributes to a more lively city. This is one of the keys to encouraging people to walk, enjoy and Over-crowded seating arrangement in Hoofdstraat.
spend time in the streets.
There is a substantial lack of public benches and other seating arrangements in the city centre of Apeldoorn. Seating possibilities are few and are often placed far apart. As such the most central locations where the most people come are without any seating whatsoever. Hoofdstraat which should be a welcoming main street offer approximately 10 benches for its 34.550 walking visitors during Saturdays. The general lack of benches and of proper seating environments tell people to keep Especially the elderly need a rest, Hoofdstraat.
Secondary seating options are popular in a city without benches.
walking and it discourages the elderly and families with children from visiting at all.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
59
Analysis A city with public spaces of low quality
Outdoor serving areas Comparison: 44
28
10
5 26
10
32
24 15 40
73 60
8
168 16 26
40
24 8
16
80
80
10 10
20 170
12
16
30
10
80
6.300 seats
15
20
9
4 75 3
24 30
75
30
8
Rotterdam Extensive café seating in the city centre
2.180 seats
0
200
300
400
500
Apeldoorn Odense Rotterdam
120 + seats
Number of outdoor serving areas in study
80-119 seats
site during shop hours
• High number of café seats
40-79 seats
120 + seats
source: observations july 2009
80-119 seats
Total number of terrace seats: 2.182
• Concentration of outdoor serving areas in Caterplein, in
20-39 seats
40-79 seats 1- 19 seats 20-39 seats 1- 19 seats
Number of outdoor serving areas in study site during shop hours
source: observations july 2009
(excl. standing tables Caterplein)
Total number of terrace seats: 2.182
Total number of seating in studysite 3.036 (excl. standing tables Caterplein) Terrace seats: 2.182 (72 %)
Total number of378 seating in studysite 3.036 Primary seating (12 %) Terrace seats: Secondary seating:
60
100
2.040 seats
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
2.182 476 (16 %) (72 %)
Primary seating
378 (12 %)
Secondary seating:
476 (16 %)
Leienplein and in Raadhuisplein • No outdoor serving areas along the Kanaal, in Oranjepark, in Asselselaan or in the Stationsplein.
A city with public spaces of low quality Analysis
Outdoor serving areas Recreational city life The culture of outdoor cafe life has developed rapidly in many countries around the world. This has significantly changed the usage patterns of city centres. Today summer activities are of a much more recreational nature. Drinking coffee is an uncomplicated way of combining several attractions; being outdoors, enjoying pleasant views and the ever present entertainment of watching people pass by.
Light array of moveable chairs and tables.
Cafe chairs on Asselsestraat in December. Outdoor serving furniture are of a wide range and quality. Part of this variety adds to the flavour and colourfulness of the city, where each cafe gets to express their specific character. Unfortunately this also opens for a different interpretion of what quality is. As such a number of bulky elements have been introduced, that might be secured for vandalism, but which do little good for the quality of the public realm. A different aspect is the tendency of leaving the furniture outside during all four seasons, well aware that winter is not really an option for outdoor dining. These forgotten piles of seating arrangements do little good for the city during winter and detracts from the overall experience of a nice city, as squares and streets Oversized commercial parasols of poor quality in Caterplein.
Poor quality furniture in front of Stadhuis.
are turned into meer storage facilities.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
61
Analysis A city with public spaces of low quality
Privatised public space
Unfortunate addition to a beautiful building in Caterplein.
• Not surprisingly, the privatisation of public space is most evident in the areas with the highest activity levels (bars, restaurants) mainly found in Caterplein, Raadhuisplein and in Leienplein. 0 Privatised public space source: observations july 2009 Informal terrace seating in public space Fenced off terrace seating in public space Major terrace squares (almost totally privatised !)
100
200
300
400
500
• The congregation of these privatised areas represent severe obstacles in the pedestrian landscape. • The privatised areas often contribute to a visual pollution, given that there are no common rules for visual appearance and that shop owners are reluctant to put much money into something they might be asked to remove again.
62
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
A city with public spaces of low quality Analysis
Lack of landmark buildings along Hoofdstraat Hoofdstraat is THE most important street in Apeldoorn in terms of number of visitors, both during the week but especially during the weekend. As such Hoofdstraat holds a quite significant position and should reflect this in the general layout, the furniture, the paving and the buildings along. Of special significance are the buildings that form gateways in and out of Hoofdstraat as well as the buildings that communicate the starting point (Caterplein) and the point where Hoofdstraat curves. These buildings are landmarks and can be seen from afar. As such these buildings should be of the same scale as the surrounding city, but hold a special high quality in their design.
Rather insignificant building at Caterplein. Starting point of Hoofdstraat. Where Hoofdstraat curves, this rather unfortunate building can be found. The scale is wrong and nothing positive can be said for the design.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
63
Analysis A city with public spaces of low quality
Microclimate: Sun
A sunny corner on Stationdwarsstraat.
innercity, afdeling RI
round 0 analysis)
• Many sunlit places in the city centre, due to the low 0 Microclimate: Sun source: shadow analysis 3D model innercity, afdeling RI Public space that has sun all year around (based on shortest day 21/12 14.00 analysis)
100
200
300
400
500
buildings. • No sun along Hoofdstraat. Sunlit places along the main street. • No direct links between the sunlit places and the placement of benches. • Sunny spots are not celebrated with extra attention or facilities such as public benches.
64
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
A city with public spaces of low quality Analysis
Microclimate: Wind Conflicts with public life One of the problems with high buildings is the microclimatic conditions created at the base. When strong winds meet a tall free-standing building turbulence and fast down winds will sweep the nearby streets in unpredictable ways. Fast winds lower the temperature of streets and public spaces, minimising the comfort for people walking or staying nearby and effectively preventing public life. Additionally, high-rise casts long shadows limiting the recreational values of city streets and squares. However grand it may appear as both skyline and from within its apartments or offices, poorly placed and designed high-rise buildings can render public space useless as a place for public life activities. The inevitable result is public space with an absence of public life.
nd
• Three buildings are causing disadvantage to surrounding public space. • One of the problems with high buildings is the micro-
ngs
climatic conditions created at the base. • When strong winds meet a tall free-standing building 0 Climate factors public space: wind source: observations july 2009 Fast high wind areas circular winds from highrise buildings that makes adjecent public place uncomfortable to be in
100
200
300
400
500
turbulence and fast down winds will sweep the nearby streets in unpredictable ways. • Fast winds lower the temperature of streets and public spaces, minimising the comfort for people walking or staying nearby and effectively preventing public life. • Additionally, high-rise casts long shadows limiting the recreational values of city streets and squares.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
65
Analysis A city with public spaces of low quality
Quality of ground floor frontages A ACTIVE • Small units, many doors. (15-20 units per 100 m) • Diversity of functions. • No closed or passive units. • Interesting relief in frontages. • Quality materials and refined details. B PLEASANT • Relatively small units. (10-14 units per 100 m) • Some diversity of functions. • Only a few closed or passive units. • Some relief in the frontages. • Relatively good detailing. C 'SOMEWHERE IN-BETWEEN' • Mixture of small and larger units. (6-10 units per 100 m) • Some diversity of functions. • Only a few closed or passive units. • Uninteresting design of frontages. • Somewhat poor detailing. D DULL • Larger units with few doors. (2-5 units per 100 m) • Little diversity of functions. • Many closed units. • Predominantly unattractive frontages. • Few or no details. E INACTIVE • Large units with few or no doors. • No visible variation of function. • Closed and passive frontages. • Monotonous frontages. • No details, nothing interesting to look at.
66
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
A city with public spaces of low quality Analysis
Quality of ground floor frontages
Dull - larger units with few doors - little diversity of functions - many closed units - predominantly unattractive frontages - dew or no details Dull - larger units with few doors - little diversity of functions - many closed units - predominantly unattractive frontages - dew or no details
Inactive - large units with few or no doors - no visible variation of function - closed and passive frontages - monotonous frontages - no details, nothing interesting to look at
Inactive - large units with few or no doors - no visible variation of function - closed and passive frontages - monotonous frontages - no details, nothing interesting to look at
Active - small units, many doors - diversity of functions - no closed or passive units - interesting relief in frontages - quality materials and refined details Active - small units, many doors - diversity of functions - no closed or passive units - interesting relief in frontages - quality materials and refined details
Pleasant - relatively small units - some diversity in functions - only a few closed or passive units - some relief in the frontages - relatively good detailling
Pleasant - relatively small units - some diversity in functions
Inactive Ground Floor Frontages
Active Ground Floor Frontages - only a few closed or passive units
• The culture/entertainment area has closed ground floor frontages.
- relatively good detailling • Active frontages are primarily found in the retail heart on Hoofdstraat (and side
• Most of Marktplein has closed frontages .
- some relief in the frontages
streets) and on Asselsestraat.
• The station quarter and the south portion of Nieuwstraat have many closed and passive frontages that make those areas feel unsafe. • Buildings in these areas are often large scale with over-sized, closed and passive ground floor frontages that make it impossible for people to interact at street level.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
67
People first, cars second
Potentials • Traffic calmed inner city core. • Parking structures are situated in the periphery of the inner city. • A good public transport network. • Close links between the public transport network and the pedestrian network. • A compact city with a high level of cycling traffic. • Short distances to key destinations. • Low city with a human scale. • Good climatic conditions for cycling. • A fine network of cycle routes linking the city centre with the surrounding areas. • A whole range of bike parking facilities placed close to main cycling routes.
68
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Challenges • Close missing links in the overall traffic structure. • Mitigate very wide traffic streets with oversized junctions outside the inner city core. • Address noise problems along heavy trafficked streets. • Address problems caused by the centrally located parking structures that create extra traffic in the areas adjacent to the inner city core. • Improve bicycle parking at "hot spots" for unorganized parking.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
69
Analysis People first, cars second
Through traffic an: Loola 38 veh. .4 . in: 4 .838 veh 4 out:
P 00
. 10
50
Sp in: reng ou 3.9 enwe t: 8 5.4 2 ve g: 09 h. ve h.
5.00
20-2
Deve nters in: traat 8 : out: .849 veh . 11.69 3 ve h.
0
P
P
• Heavily trafficked roads are surrounding the city centre,
P
especially to the west and the south.
P
• These traffic corridors are either borders that need need to
at stra . eh else Ass 2568 v eh. v in: 028 : 2 out
5-10.0
0.0
2 155.0
2 20-
00
softer transport modes, cyclists and pedestrians, need to travel along. • In the city ring road is a number of major intersections Kerk is such an example, where the intersection is even
00
more complicated by the addition of a couple of minor side Through traffic in city centre ( in 24 hr) source: mobility model, afdeling mobiliteit 2008 < 1000 motorvehicles
1000 - 5000 motorvehicles < 1000 motorvehicles
15.000 - 20.000 motorvehicles
- 10.000 motorvehicles 1000 - 5000 5000 motorvehicles
20.000 - 25.000 motorvehicles
10.000 - 15.000 motorvehicles 5000 - 10.000 motorvehicles
25.000 - 30.000 motorvehicles
15.000 - 20.000 motorvehicles 10.000 - 15.000 motorvehicles
> 30.000 motoverhicles
25.000 - 30.000 motorvehicles 20.000 - 25.000 motorvehicles > 30.000 motoverhicles 25.000 - 30.000 motorvehicles
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009 > 30.000 motoverhicles
: Kayersdijk h. 4 ve in: 9.80 1 veh. out: 6.97
Koning Stadhouderlaan: in: 10.132 veh. out: 10.317 veh.
1000 - 5000 motorvehicles Through traffic in city centre ( in 24 hr) 5000 - 10.000 source: mobility model, afdeling mobiliteit 2008motorvehicles Through traffic in city centre ( in 24 hr) 10.000 - 15.000 motorvehicles < 1000 motorvehicles source: mobility model, afdeling mobiliteit 2008
20.000 - 25.000 motorvehicles 15.000 - 20.000 motorvehicles
70
be crossed to reach the city centre or passages that also
where main traffic arteries meet. The intersection at Grote
rt poo eh. ten v Ma 7.692 eh. 3v .18 in: : 8 out
: . aan eh A l 5 v h. PW 4.17 42 ve in: : 3.9 t ou
00
n stlaa . enru Wap .503 veh h. e 8 08 v in: 10.4 out:
streets that are allowed direct access to the intersection. • There are a number of roads and intersections that appear over-scaled in relation to the actual amount of traffic they carry, e.g. Prins Willem Alexanderlaan. This relates to the demand for a high service level for all transport modes and the unwillingness to restrict and simplify vehicular traffic also in the inner city periphery.
People first, cars second Analysis
Major traffic intersection in front of Grote Kerk having a substantial deteriorating effect on the surroundings and especially the church.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
71
Analysis People first, cars second
Traffic noise
53
Climate: traffic noise source: statistics Kadaster en dienst RI 2008 Railway line: 53 dB(a) contour 58 dB(a) contour 63 dB(a) contour 68 dB(a) contour
72
Climate: traffic noise source: statistics Kadaster en dienst RI 2008 Railway line: 53 dB(a) contour traffic noise 58Climate: dB(a) contour statistics Kadaster en dienst RI 2008 63source: dB(a) contour line: Climate: traffic noise 68Railway dB(a) contour 53 dB(a) contour source: statistics Kadaster en dienst RI 2008 58traffic: dB(a) contour Railway line: Car 63 dB(a) contour 53 dB(a) contour less than 48 dB(a): 68 dB(a) contour 58 dB(a) contour areas behind buildings or away from traffic 63 dB(a) contour where traffic noise is not present Car traffic: 68 dB(a) contour 48 dB(a): 48less - 63than dB(a): or away from traffic Car traffic: a areas normalbehind urban buildings environment where traffic where traffic noise is not present factor less than 48 dB(a): noise is present but not a disturbing areas behind buildings or away from traffic 63 dB(a): where traffic noise is not present6348+ -dB(a): normaltraffic urbandominated environment where traffic a astessful environment noisetraffic is present not a disturbing factor 48 - 63 dB(a): where noisebut becomes a disturbing a normal urban environment where traffic factor 63 + dB(a): noise is present but not a disturbing factor a stessful traffic dominated environment where traffic noise becomes a disturbing 63 + dB(a): factor a stessful traffic dominated environment where traffic noise becomes a disturbing
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
Car traffic: less than 48 dB(a): areas behind buildings or away from traffic where traffic noise is not present 48 - 63 dB(a): a normal urban environment where traffic noise is present but not a disturbing factor 63 + dB(a): a stessful traffic dominated environment where traffic noise becomes a disturbing factor
58
dB
(a)
dB
(a) 63 dB 68 (a) dB (a)
â&#x20AC;˘ Severe noise problems for residents, pedestrians and cyclists along: Wilhemina Drucker Straat / Vosselmanstraat. â&#x20AC;˘ Also noise problems along Deventerstraat, straight past the town hall.
People first, cars second Analysis
Grass curves Beekpark Landscaped grass curves work as soundbarriers and position the trafffic noise mentally outside the park
Percieved noise Fountain Oranjepark works as major noisebarrier for traffic noise and replaces it with a pleasant sound which make even the edges of the park ‘traffic noise free’
Grass curves Beekpark Landscaped grass curves work as soundbarriers and position the trafffic noise mentally outside the park
Example:
Fountain Marktplein Fountain sound ‘fills’ part of the space. The sound of water adds a postive Fountain Oranjepark audial works as major noisebarrier for traffic experience in this noise andspace. replaces it with a pleasant sound which make even the edges of the park ‘traffic noise free’
'present' but without being negative.
Fountain Marktplein Fountain sound ‘fills’ part of the space. The sound of water adds a postive audial experience in this space.
e and nd st 2009
affic inating’
affic ent’ but
Hofstraat is a street where traffic noise is perceived as
0 Sound: percieved positive and negative influence of sound source: observations august 2009 Streets and spots where traffic noise is percieved as ‘dominating’ and negative. Streets and spots where traffic noise is percieved as ‘present’ but without being negative.
100
200
300
400
500
• Several installations have been made to downscale the impact of traffic noise • No installations along the heavily trafficked roads like Deventerstraat, Stationsstraat and Kalverstraat / Molenstraat
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
73
Analysis People first, cars second
Parking Comparison: Total parking 9.000
P
4.455 3.750 2.700
P
P
Apeldoorn Odense Copenhagen Rotterdam
P P
â&#x20AC;˘ A total of 4.455 parking spaces, which is a high number for a city this size!
bus
â&#x20AC;˘ 2.450 in parking structures and 2.005 on streets and on
Total number of (marked) parking places: 4.455 in parking garages: 0 along streets: in public squares: in innercourts: Total number of (marked) parking places: 4.455 Total number of (marked) parking places: 4.455 P
P
74
2.450 100(55 %) 200 718 (16 %) 434 (10 %) 853 (19 %)
300
in P garages:
parking in parking 2.450garages: (55 %) along streets: along streets: 718 (16 %) in public squares: in public squares: 434 (10 %) in innercourts: in innercourts: 853 (19 %)
2.450 (55sites %) of private outdoor parking spaces 718 (16(not %) free use for public) 434 (10 %) 853 (19sites %) of non marked parking in streets (within residential zoning): minor numbers: not counted sites of privatespaces outdoor parking spaces sites of private outdoor parking (not free use for public) sites of temporary (illegal?) parking (not free use for public) on derelict terrains sites of non sites of non marked parking in marked streets parking in streets (within residential zoning): (within residential zoning): minor numbers: not counted minor numbers: not counted
of temporary Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009 sites of temporarysites (illegal?) parking (illegal?) parking Parking in relation to traffic flows and volumes on derelict terrainson derelict terrains
400
500
squares â&#x20AC;˘ Streets along the Kanaal and around Oranjepark are used for parking. Probably the most misplaced parking in all of the city centre where the on street parking spaces seriously downgrade the general experiences of walking along and enjoying the beautiful green and blue amenities of Apeldoorn.
People first, cars second Analysis
Parking and traffic volumes an: Loola 38 veh. .4 . in: 4 .838 veh 4 out:
Comparison: P
P
P
P
P
P
00
. 10
50
P P P
Sp in: reng ou 3.9 enwe t: 8 5.4 2 ve g: 09 h. ve h.
P
P
P P
5.00
20-2
Deve nters in: traat 8 : out: .849 veh . 11.69 3 ve h.
0
P
P
P
Rotterdam Parking structures in the inner city.
P Total number P of (marked) parking places: 4.455
at stra . eh else Ass 2568 v eh. v in: 028 : 2 out
P
in parking garages: along streets: in public squares: in innercourts:
2.450 (55 %) 718 (16 %) 434 (10 %) 853 (19 %)
00 5-10.0
sites of private outdoor parking spaces (not free use for public)
000
25.
20-
0
â&#x20AC;˘ Apeldoorn has a very high number of parking
sites of temporary (illegal?) parking on derelict terrains
: Kayersdijk h. 4 ve in: 9.80 1 veh. out: 6.97
Koning Stadhouderlaan: in: 10.132 veh. out: 10.317 veh.
Parking in relation to traffic flows and volumes
spaces in the city centre offering good rt poo eh. ten v Ma 7.692 eh. 3v .18 in: : 8 out
: . aan eh A l 75 v veh. W 1 . P 4 942 in: : 3. t ou
00 sites of non marked parking in streets 20. (within residential zoning): 15minor numbers: not counted
n stlaa . enru Wap .503 veh h. e 8 08 v in: 10.4 out:
conditions for cars but also increasing the problem of traffic in the city centre. â&#x20AC;˘ Parking structures are placed at the periphery and inside the inner city core. Especially the parking structures in the shopping mall 'Oranjerie' attracts a high level of traffic.
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
75
Analysis People first, cars second
Dedicated bicycle tracks & Main cycling routes
Main cycling routes source: bicycle counts 2008 1000 - 2500 bicycles / 24 hr 2500 - 5000 bicycles / 24 hr 5000 -- 7000 bicycles / 24 hr 7000 - 10.000 bicycles / 24 hr > 10.000 bicyles / 24 hr Main cycling routes source: bicycle counts 2008
Dedicated bicyle tracks source: observations july 2009
1000 - 2500 bicycles / 24 hr
Track: Raised / separated Bicycle
2500 - 5000 bicycles / 24 hr
Lane: (colour)marked lane combined with cars.
5000 -- 7000 bicycles / 24 hr
Signposted cycling routes within the pedestrian area (no special tracks)
7000 - 10.000 bicycles / 24 hr > 10.000 bicyles / 24 hr
Cycle traffic
Dedicated bicyle tracks source: observations july 2009
• Cycling is a desirable transport mode.
Cycle network
• Relatively heavily cycling traffic going in/out centre Signposted cycling routesthe within city the pedestrian area (nofrom the south and
• Well developed cycle network.
Track: Raised / separated Bicycle Lane: (colour)marked lane combined with cars.
the east.
76
special tracks)
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
• Quality issues with some routes.
People first, cars second Analysis
Cycling Comparison: Model split 26%
5%
19%
19%
47 %
48 %
(includes pedestrians)
36%
Apeldoorn
Rotterdam
22% 29% 5%
4%
26%
19% 28% 31%
47 %
19%
37%
Zwolseweg
19% 48 %
(includes pedestrians)
Odense
31%
36%
Apeldoorn
Copenhagen
Rotterdam
22% 4%
29%
â&#x20AC;˘ Apeldoorn has an impressive modal 31% split with
28% 37%
a very high level of bicyclists. Compared to 19% Rotterdam Apeldoorn has doubled its cycling
population.
Odense
â&#x20AC;˘ Many initiatives have been made to maintain and
31%
Copenhagen
even expand this number. These initiatives need to be supported as the large cycling population in Apeldoorn form the basis for a traffic calmed city Stationsplein south
centre, with ample space for people activities.
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Analysis People first, cars second
Bicycle parking facilities and main cycling routes Example:
800
1800
180 Bicycle parking on Kanaalstraat
500
700
Main cycling routes / volumes (source: bicycle counts 2008) 1000 - 2500 bicycles / 24 hr 2500 - 5000 bicycles / 24 hr 5000 -- 7000 bicycles / 24 hr 7000 - 10.000 bicycles / 24 hr > 10.000 bicyles / 24 hr
100
200
Main cycling routes / volumes (source: bicycle counts 2008)
Bicycle parking facilities source: observations july 2009
1000 - 2500 bicycles / 24 hr 2500 - 5000 bicycles / 24 hr
indoor parkingfacility (free): 3980 (74%) For the indoor facilities, 600.000 bikes parked per year (source: analyse bezetting Felua 2008)
5000 -- 7000 bicycles / 24 hr
bike standards in public space: 1388 (26%)
7000 - 10.000 bicycles / 24 hr > 10.000 bicyles / 24 hr
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0
1- 9 bikes 10-19 bikes 20 + bikes
Bicycle parking facilities source: observations july 2009
Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
indoor parkingfacility (free): 3980 (74%) For the indoor facilities, 600.000 bikes parked per year (source: analyse bezetting Felua 2008)
300
400
500
• Substantial supply of bicycle parking facilities • Several with indoor bicycle parking facilities • Strong links between the cycle network and the placement of parking facilities
People first, cars second Analysis
Unorganised bicycle parking Example:
Unorganised bicycle parking on Deventerstraat.
olumes 008) hr hr 0
4 hr
24 hr
100
Main cycling routes / volumes (source: bicycle counts 2008)
Unorganised bicycle parking during daytime source: observations july 2009
1000 - 2500 bicycles / 24 hr
1-10 bikes
2500 - 5000 bicycles / 24 hr
more than 10 bikes
5000 -- 7000 bicycles / 24 hr 7000 - 10.000 bicycles / 24 hr
200
300
400
500
â&#x20AC;˘ Although a substantial number of parking facilities have been put in place there are still problems with unorganised parking. â&#x20AC;˘ Hot spots are mainly located close to Raadhuisplein and in the southern part of Hoofdstraat, where the most people access the pedestrian network.
> 10.000 bicyles / 24 hr
Bicycle parking facilities source: observations july 2009 indoor parkingfacility (free): 3980 (74%) For the indoor facilities, 600.000 bikes parked per year (source: analyse bezetting Felua 2008)
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Analysis People first, cars second
Public transport Example:
The star shaped network. Public transport bus routes
â&#x20AC;˘ Close links between public transport and the pedestrian
bus stops main bus- / trainstation
network â&#x20AC;˘ Public transport has been developed to form a star shaped 0
Public transport bus routes bus stops main bus- / trainstation
Main pedestrian routes source: observations and interpretation team 2009 main walking routes secondary walking routes supporting walking routes
100
200
300
400
500
network of closely interlinked timetables. This secures that the possibilities for interchange are good and that the city is free of buses the majority of the time. â&#x20AC;˘ When the bus interchange do happen, streets tend to be heavily congested and to be relieved after a short time span.
Main pedestrian routes source: observations and interpretation team 2009
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main walking routes
secondary walking routes Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009 supporting walking routes
People first, cars second Analysis
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Overview of recommendations
1
Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its wonderful amenities
2
Ensure an even better city for walking
â&#x201A;Ź
3
Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable
4
Ensure an upgraded public space network
Ensure a city centre with a 21st century traffic system
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1
Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its wonderful amenities Make the most out of Apeldoorn´s unique setting by improving the connections to the amenities. Respect and cherish the heritage buildings Maintain a human scale city Develop strong links between the city centre and the surrounding landscapes Create a green ring around the inner city Develop a network of green boulevards Celebrate the parks 'Greening the desert' Integrate the Kanaal with the city Celebrate the streams 'Irrigating the desert'
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Recommendations Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities
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Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities Built character Respect and cherish the heritage buildings Protection of the city centre's few historical buildings and features is an essential priority. This contributes substantially to the city's special character and provides a characteristic context for new developments. The heritage buildings represent valuable assets not only as historic reminders and beautiful landmarks, but also as potential buildings for attracting alternative business to the city. Further the historic buildings make out the unique urban fabric of Apeldoorn, that should be maintained.
Older buildings often have a more comfortable human scale that invite relaxed and sociable uses. New Road, Brighton
• Maintain the historical, low rise city, and make sure that new areas obtain similar qualities. Protect, develop and refine the qualities which already exist. • Emphasise the historical and architectural heritage. Study and publish what is the essence of the Apeldoorn city plan, the city quarters, the streets and squares, and the buildings. Communicate the uniqueness of Apeldoorn to the wider public. • Develop guidelines for successful integration between new developments and heritage buildings. • Ensure that the heritage buildings individual qualities are reflected in ground floors and that there is a clear architecturally designed link between the ground floor and the building above. • Develop a sign policy for commercial buildings to avoid low quality commercial signage causing detriment to the building and the surrounding streetscape.
A low rise city offers excellent opportunities for enjoying the positive aspects of the climate, even in early spring. Copenhagen
• Investigate how e.g. post industrial heritage buildings can offer low cost opportunities for creative businesses and act as drivers in new developments.
Maintain a human scale city • Ensure that new public spaces are created in a human scale and are integrating with the existing network of streets and squares. • Control building heights and protect the micro-climatic conditions in streets and squares. Identify areas where high rise is acceptable outside the city centre and introduce a height limit for buildings in the city centre, to avoid conflicts with the micro-climate in central public spaces and to preserve the urban form. • Develop planning controls for the inner city area to maintain the present average building height of maximum 5 storeys with a general height of 3 or 4 storeys. • Identify areas outside the inner city area where high rise can be built without causing detriment to public space at ground floor level.
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Increase density and ensure that there are no /few "missing teeth". Develop a collected plan for the city centre identifying blank spots /determined or potential development sites. Develop a framework that future buildings and spaces should fit into. (Building heights, materials, functions etc.) Use events as the triënnale to add focus to these future development sites and to enable a public discussion of future uses.
Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities Recommendations
Green character Develop strong links between the city centre and the surrounding landscapes • Make the most of the unique location of Apeldoorn close to vast landscapes, which is something special in a Dutch context. • Develop a network of clearly identifiable, recreational cycling and walking routes that link the city centre with the river IJssel and the Nationalpark De Hoge Veluwe. • Ensure that these routes link straight into the city centre and are followed by recognisable elements, that may be interactive or offer various treats. The routes need to raise awareness
Recreational cycling and walking routes. Prags Boulevard, Copenhagen
of the closeness to the natural reserves and invite people to make use of them. • Create a nature centre in the city centre, linked to the recreational routes, which cater for tours to the landscapes and tell the story of the landscapes, the plants and the wildlife to visitors through exhibitions, a bookstore, interactive medias and educational services to schools and groups. The concept could be broadened to enclose landscape and cultural history as well.
Create a green ring around the inner city • Identify the extent of the inner city area by identifying "border-streets" or connections (southern edge) between the inner city centre and its surroundings. • Develop a clearly defined green ring around the city centre to identify where the city centre ends and begins by distinguished street tree planting. Preferably the same type of trees. Existing, significant trees should be kept. At certain points the green ring may overlap the
Establish green routes connecting the city centre with surrounding nature. Austria
A connected green network needs a signage program which ensures easy wayfinding. Odense
existing ring road. • Ensure that the green ring clearly marks the entry points to the city centre, possibly by being supplemented by other planting, paving, lighting, artwork or other. Often entry points would be traffic intersections. • The traffic layout along the green ring, should include a high quality environment for pedestrians and cyclists, as well as including public transport and vehicular traffic. The street layout and the intersections along should clearly indicate city streets and not urban highway. • Areas inside this green ring need to reflect an inner city character and public space, in terms of streets, squares and parks, would need special attention to be recognised as city streets etc. • The green ring indicates that attention is needed in terms of densification and investment in public space primarily inside the ring. The ring also indicates to what degree the inner city heart should be expanded.
Create a green ring around the city centre. This is to be understood primarily as a visual border and not a functional border or a ring road. Marking the border between the centre and the surrounding areas with a continued line of street trees.
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Recommendations Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities
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Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities Develop a network of green boulevards • Identify key streets that lead to the city centre and the green ring, e.g. Loolaan. • Develop a boulevard strategy for turning these key streets into clearly identifiable boulevards offering good conditions for walking and cycling as well as including public transport and vehicular traffic. (see map on opposite page for selection of streets). • Introduce street trees and preferably a green median on the boulevards. • Ensure good condtions for crossing the boulevards on foot and on bicycle.
Trees in the boulevard frame the pedestrian zone. Frederiksberg Allé, Copenhagen
Celebrate the parks • Create clearly visible walking and cycling links to the city parks - Beekpark, Brinkpark, and Oranjepark. But also links to Wilheminapark and Marialust. • Ensure that the parks are part of the city's event program. • Create distinctive parks clearly different from each other, offering multiple choices for use. (see more in recommendations, chapter 4).
'Greening the desert' • Supplement the general street tree strategy by a flexible planting strategy, introducing temporary greenery in selected spots, e.g. Leienplein.
Moveable tree planters designed for specific seasonal locations. ACEC HOF, Apeldoorn
Green bicycle parking. BBC White City, London
• Use different types and species to create individual identities for different streets and areas. • Use temporary greenery to support festivals or other public life programs. • Combine the temporary greenery with artwork and let 'green artists' play with the various elements. • Introduce 'green streets' in selected spots. Green streets deal with storm water treatment as in e.g. Portland, USA.
Movable greenery can also be used as Movable flower exhibitions add elements to define the use of the street. sensory experiences. Place de la Bourse, Lyon Herald Square, Sydney
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Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities Recommendations o Lo laa n
'Green Streets', recycling and filtrating water in the city Rain water from roofs and storm water from streets and passages can either be cleaned before discharging into the Kanaal, or be reused in the city. Structures for collecting water add interest to the streetscape and allow people to notice how much
terstr
aat
S
pre
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water falls, where it goes, and how clean it is. Other
Deven
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benefits of water recycling include habitat and water quality improvements in the Kanaal, and reductions in water treatment and supply costs.
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Street-side filtration cells are a simple and unobtrusive way to add green to the streets. SW 12th Street in Portland, Oregon Photo by Kevin Robert Perry
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Strengthen the green identity of Apeldoorn by introducing a green ring that clearly communicates the extent of the city centre, and a network of green boulevards that lead into the surrounding parts of Apeldoorn. Green ring
Filtering storm water. Simple approaches to slowing or delaying storm water run off make pockets of green in the streets, and have multiple benefits for water quality and municipal water infrastructure. Siskyou Street, Portland, Oregon
Green city boulevards Green route Parks Greening the dessert (Suggested points) Nature centre (suggested function and location)
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Recommendations Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities
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Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities Blue character Integrate the Kanaal with the city • Create a strong physical and mental link between the city and the Kanaal by extending the renewed Hofstraat street layout to include Kanaalstraat (east-west running part). (see ideacollage on the opposite page) • Ensure that new developments along the Kanaal are well integrated in the general urban fabric and do not offer solely a front side to the Kanaal, but also adresses the hinterland. • Set up a walking and cycling promenade /path along the Kanaal to link with surrounding
Create squares and direct access to the water and give people opportunity to touch the water. Århus
landscapes. Ensure public access along the Kanaal. • Ensure interesting experiences and public functions along the waterfront for all user groups, visitors and locals. Intensify this where Hofstraat /Kanaalstraat runs to the Kanaal. Activities and functions along the waterfront should be a supplement to the already existing offers in Apeldoorn. • Improve links between the city and the water physically and visually by identifying the streets that lead to the Kanaal. Create interesting end points for these streets at the water, like bridges, artwork, cafés or recreational facilities. • Identify the most central section of the Kanaal, between Deventerstraat and Kanaalstraat and intensify the use of this strip: • a. by programming ground floors with shops, cafés, restaurants, canoe hire etc. • b. by adding pavillons where needed to add extra floor space for public functions
Activities on the water. Havneparken, Copenhagen
• c. by developing programs for the promenade along the water; Programs like recreation, art walks, sculpture walks, art work / lighting, water zoo, playgrounds, fitness, dog training, city beach etc. • The Kanaal and its immediate surroundings should have something to offer on various times of the day and year. • Introduce activities on the water: city beach, sailing with canoes / kayaks and model ships, fishing from pontons in the water, events on the water etc. • Develop a unique design profile for the Kanaal to strengthen the character and to make the Kanaal environments stand out as something special and something recognisable. This design profile can cover the paving, the landscaping, the furniture, the lighting, the artwork and the signage program.
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Model ships in Tuillerie Gardens. Paris
Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities Recommendations
Vision Kanaalstraat
Before
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Recommendations Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities
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Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities Celebrate the Streams • Install the Hofstraat /Beurtwaartstraat scheme in its full length as a wonderful addition to the city. • Support the existing stream strategy to ensure that the collected system of old and historic streams in Apeldoorn are reflected visually in streets and squares. • Develop new ways of signalising the old streams through artwork, lighting, artificial streams, fountains etc.
Playfull, tranquil and sensuous water elements. Water elements integrated in the pavement. Varde Torv
• Use 'green streets', filtering storm water, as ways of signalising where the streams used to be.
'Irrigating the desert' • Celebrate the water through the integration of water features in the public realm in selected streets, squares and parks. • Create a 'Blue Plan' pointing out key locations and connections to be celebrated. • Introduce artistic water elements (water acupuncture) in the city, stressing the city centre as a canal district. • Utilise water from the Kanaal and the Streams when possible. • Celebrate views to and from the Kanaal. • Offer playful water elements that kids can engage with.
Water jets offering fun for everybody. Place de Terreaux, Lyon
• Introduce humerous water elements that engage with the wider public. • Introduce larger water installations where traffic noise should be muffled, e.g. Prins WillemAlexanderlaan /Brinkpark, where the Kanaal meets larger traffic roads /Deventerstraat / Centrum /Molenstraat and in Vosselmanstraat /Beekpark. • Use water in its various shapes - mist, fog, ponds, stream, waterfall, frozen state (at wintertime) etc.
A simple water feature creates a quiet retreat. Thorvaldsens Plads, Copenhagen
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Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities Recommendations
Celebrate the Streams -also without digging them up! Re g
en
Lo o
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ss
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Art installation in the pavement telling the story of a historic stream. Sydney
Devente
n
rstraat
Let the paving tell stories. New York
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Mist from the many jets of water sparks the imagination, especially for children. Solbjerg Plads, Copenhagen
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Create a strong physical and mental link between the city and the Kanaal by integrating the Kanaal with the city and by celebrating the Streams Interpretational elements, "the stream" Kanaal walk
Imitation and memory of water; paving stones with light. Holmbladsgade, Copenhagen
Irrigating the desert Important links to the water Main activity point for Kanaal promenade Active edges along the Kanaal promenade
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2
Ensure an even better city for walking
Invite more people to walk in the city centre by offering an interesting, safe and comfortable pedestrian environment Expand the city heart Celebrate the laneways
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Recommendations Ensure an even better city for walking
2
Ensure an even better city for walking Expand the city heart • Expand the central city area to include more than Hoofdstraat and nearby side streets. • Include Marktstraat as an important part of the pedestrian circuit system. • Include Nieuwstraat as a new spine for pedestrian movement offering off-load for pedestrian traffic along Hoofdstraat and supporting Hoofdstraat with cafés, restaurants, public functions and cultural institutions. • Investigate the possibility of making Nieuwstraat a pedestrian priority street for slow
Pedestrian streets are distinct gathering points for a number of people, both locals and visitors. Strøget, Copenhagen
moving errand vehicular traffic, cyclists, pedestrians and the two present bus lines. Avoid the possibility of vehicular traffic being able to drive straight from north to south (or vice versa) along Nieuwstraat. • Develop a versatile pedestrian network in the inner city offering a variety of street types, pedestrian streets, pedestrian priority streets and city streets. • Develop a pedestrian network of high quality and attractive walking links, (visually and functionally) - Roll out the red carpet! Ensure that people are aware when they reach streets in the inner city. Make the difference apparent by raising the quality level and by using a significant palette of materials, e.g. Stationstraat or Hofstraat. • Ensure attractive walking links to public transport and major parking facilities. • Create direct and attractive walking links to the surrounding city along green city boulevards. Link these straight into the city pedestrian network. • Downscale major trafic structures, roads and intersections, to accomodate for the
The one levelled pavement on the pedestrian priority street is divided into patterns defining the different zones for movement and for recreational purposes. Strædet, Copenhagen
pedestrian scale. Introduce measures to muffle traffic noise and to lower emissions, where most needed in connection with the pedestrian network. • Ensure that there are seating options and possibilities for pauses along main walking routes. Ensure that benches are placed in attractive environment with good views and best possible options to enjoy the climate. • Ensure that the main walking routes are sufficiently lit at night. • Develop a policy for ground floor frontages, indicating that the attractivity of ground floor frontages should follow the pedestrian network. • Ensure that ground floors of new buildings are carefully designed to a human scale environment and add quality to the pedestrian landscape in terms of interesting, active frontages with small units. • Develop annual competitions with price for best commercial ground floor frontages renovation according to guidelines.
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A homogeneous paving unifies the street and indicates a high level of shared space. New Road, Brighton
Ensure an even better city for walking Recommendations
Theatre Orpheus
Oranjepark
Beekpark Caterplein
Attractive retail units - many units, many doors, high level of transparency etc. Melbourne
Cinema Gigant Library Museum
Townhall Marktplein Kanaal
Raadhuisplein
Brinkpark
Active and well lit frontages - also at night. Copenhagen
Stationsplein
Let the activities indoors activate the street life outdoors. London
Train and bus station
The future pedestrian network should include the main streets and squares and connect the most important destinations Primary walking links (The expanded heart) Primary walking links to surrounding city Passages
Ensure that all streets present themselves as city streets by a defined street layout. Urban highways are unacceptable in the city centre. Reduce street widths and add pedestrian /cyclist amenities in terms of proper footpaths /cycle paths, lighting, benches, planting etc. Ensure active and friendly frontages along especially main routes leading to areas outside the centre.
Recreative walking links Main destinations
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Recommendations Ensure an even better city for walking
2
Ensure an even better city for walking Celebrate the passages â&#x20AC;˘ Identify all passages in the inner city area. Create a set of quality criterias for evaluating these passages looking at connectivity, placement in pedestrian network in terms of hierarchy, experiences on the way (hidden courtyards or other surprises), beautiful buildings on the sides, dimensions related to human scale. â&#x20AC;˘ Create a passage strategy looking at different types of passages and how these can be treated differently. Part of the strategy should also indicate some kind of hierarchy in implementation.
A lively passage with shops, bars and restaurants. Melbourne
Passage with playful lighting. Brighton
'Hidden' courtyard provides recreative surprises in the pedestrian network. Brandts Passage, Odense
Experiences in the pedestrian network. A passage with a small hidden courtyard with shops and restaurants. Christchurch
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Vision Nieuwstraat
Before
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Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
â&#x201A;Ź
3
Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable Make the public life more vibrant and the city more diverse by offering a wider range of activities and destinations for all user groups. Work towards a multifunctional city centre Create a diverse and lively city centre Invite all user groups
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Recommendations Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable
3
Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable Work towards a multifunctional city centre • Ensure a wide mix of functions in the enlarged city heart. • Encourage a better distribution of functions in the city. Break up mono-functional areas by encouraging mixed use. Strive for a mixture of functions within the block and within a particular area. Identify a zone, consisting of certain key streets, where multi-functionality
€
is especially important. • Develop a policy for minimum requirements regarding mixed use. • Make use of derelict buildings for alternative, creative uses at low rents. • Create an extrovert cultural district where the functions inside buildings spill out into the
Encourage ground floor uses with long opening hours along main links. Malmoe
public realm. Invite the various cultural institutions to make use of squares, parks and streets for displaying the work that they are doing, e.g. outdoor library in Beekpark, artwalk along the Kanaal. • Use festivals, as the Triënnale, to test ideas before making them permanent.
Create a diverse and lively city centre • Create a 24 hour city where activities overlap through the day, week and year, inviting many different user groups to enjoy the city centre. • Provide public transport that supports a 24 hour city by increased peak hours in the evening and by extended weekend services. • Encourage the use of Hoofdstraat, Stationsplein, Raadhuisplein, Oranjepark, Brinkpark, Beekpark and the Kanaal all year round. • Reconquer Marktplein as a city square. Define a certain area towards Stationstraat that can
Create more activities and dedicated spaces for families and children in the city centre. Provide more playful city elements. Bryant Park, New York
be used by the market and free up some space for other uses towards the Stadhuis. Ensure a constant high quality of the market. • Develop special winter squares; place the city´s outdoor iceskate rink and new year celebrations on Marktplein and let the city´s christmas tree and christmas market occupy Raadhuisplein.
Invite all user groups • Create invitations for all user groups. • Improve conditions for children. Select a few, centrally located, play environments across the city centre, enlarge and upgrade them. • Develop more invitations for the elderly. Invite coffée clubs, petanque courts, knitting clubs, stamp collectors club, club for the physical active elderly to locate at ground floors in central streets where they are visible.
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Playgrounds may have high sculptural value and thereby add quality to the city as well as providing play space. Sappora
Ensure an even better city for walking Recommendations
Re g
en
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te
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laa
n
el
aa
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Devente
rstraat
Create invitations for all user groups. Invitations to play petanque on the local square. Islands Brygge Havnepark, Copenhagen
aat
str
lse
se As
straat
Molen
Encourage activities for elderly in the city. Provide resting places along main routes and in major public spaces. Sardinia
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in Pr
illia
an
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n xa Ale
um Centr
Stationsplein
Areas where a more multifunctional use should be encouraged Activities at the weekends can invite people that typically do not visit the city centre. An active city centre during weekends will increase the feeling of safety. Assens
Primary multifunctional spaces Secondary multifunctional spaces
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Recommendations Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable
3
Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable
Fixed - necessary activities
Introduce a public space hierarchy With an introduction of a public space hierarchy in Apeldoorn the character of each public space will be strengthened. A wider variety of attractions and events can be provided thus a broader group of residents and visitors can be invited to the city. It is possible to develop more targeted opportunities for use, a broader range of uses and user groups, and a higher degree of variation in layout and design by introducing a public space hierarchy. (see page 109) Celebrate the many small and large spaces in the city centre and clarify the use of the various spaces by giving
The daily coming and going: to work and school, shopping, picking up children etc. The daily necessary activities become pleasant in beautiful public spaces. Public spaces that ensure accessibility for all. Strøget, Copenhagen
... the daily activities often take place on bicycles and a good cycle network will invite more users to choose this form of transport. Nørrebrogade, Copenhagen
The daily waiting for public transport becomes stimulating if the surroundings are comfortable. Swanston Street, Melbourne
Flexible - optional activities
them a clear function supported by a unique design profile. Introduce different kinds of public spaces to accommodate various activities, some fixed in their use, some flexible and others more fleeting. Ensure that Apeldoorn has a variety of spaces which present the best of urban design in all its different aspects and which have different qualities attracting different user groups.
Use festivals, as the Triënnale, to test ideas before making them permanent. Develop ideas for temporary use of the Kanaalfront area to bring the city and the Kanaal together.
Urban recreation: sitting on a bench or take a stroll through the city where the surroundings, the other people, the weather and the window displays etc. can be enjoyed. Strædet, Copenhagen
Social activities: talking to people you meet, spending time together with people you know and enjoying others company. Santiago de Compostella
Physical active recreation: sports, playing, walking your dog etc. Islands Brygge, Copenhagen
Plan for events: bigger events that may only occur once. A big concert or festival. Events that encourage many people to participate. Nyhavn, Copenhagen
Plan for activities - for example demonstrations and parades in the public spaces. Nørrebrogade, Copenhagen
Fleeting - planned activities
Create temporary public spaces with cheap materials and playful eye-catching designs, invite small businesses on short-term contracts, introduce a Kanaal festival. Create a temporary city beach, give concerts by the water and provide new seating opportunities, possibly outside the traditional notion of a bench, encouraging stopping, resting and social interaction. Involve local citizens in initiatives. Plan for recurrent activities: dancing lessons, market days, sports competitions etc. Activities that are repeated every week, month, year. Strøget, Copenhagen
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Vision Raadhuisplein
Before
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4
Ensure an upgraded public space network Intensify the work for inviting people to the city, not only to shop and work but also to have fun; and enjoy the city and fellow citizens. Help people to use the city in new and different ways. Strengthen the public space network Develop versatile public spaces Improve the visual quality
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Recommendations Ensure an upgraded public space network
4
Ensure an upgraded public space network Strengthen the public space network • Introduce a public space hierarchy of streets, squares and parks, which is connected and clearly legible. Identify a hierarchy in-between the spaces indicating the importance they hold in the overall network. • Upgrade each public space and strengthen their individual character, following a gradual improvement plan. • Ensure that the public space network supports the walking network and is part of the
Encourage more and better opportunities for resting and relaxing in the public space network Bryant Park, New York
overall expansion of the city heart. • Cater for public spaces that offer a broad range of activities and opportunities to stay longer than planned. • Develop the existing parking courtyards (Hof Marktstraat, Hof Hoofdstraat and Grifthof) as part of the public space hierarchy.
Develop versatile public spaces • Clarify the use of the various spaces by giving them a clear function supported by a unique design profile. • Introduce different kinds of public space to accommodate various activities, some fixed in their use and others more flexible. • Ensure that Apeldoorn´s individual public spaces offer many types of activities and invite a wide range of user groups at the same time. Ensure different functions in adjacent buildings
Streets and public spaces can act as an extension of the city’s museums, galleries, theatres and scenes. Copenhagen
as well as a varied programming of each space. • Make better use of Apeldoorn´s public spaces in the evening. Encourage evening use in areas where people are compelled to go because of parking facilities or public transport, e.g. Stationsplein and Hoofdstraat, or in areas with functions that could cater for an evening audience, as e.g. Museum passage and Kanaalstraat. • Improve the building edges of spaces so they contribute to making the spaces active and attractive, especially at the Stationsplein, Stations passage, Museum passage and the Kanaalstraat. • Create a good balance between commercial staying activities and public seating possibilities and encourage more and better opportunities for resting and relaxing in the public space network by providing more public benches for formal seating and places to rest in squares and along streets at reasonable intervals.
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Evening events can be coordinated with new lighting or temporary light art installations to focus on the city after dark. Glasgow
Ensure an upgraded public space network Recommendations
Oranjepark
Beekpark Caterplein
Invite for more and different activities for everybody in the city centre. Christchurch
Museum passage Marktplein
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is there, but opportunities for a range of activities need
Hof Hoofdstraat
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Apeldoorn can be summarized as - the physical structure
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vivacious city. The analysis of the public space and life in
Leidenplein
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Apeldoorn has a good base for becoming an active and
Hof Marktstraat
Raadhuisplein
Create characteristic and welcoming public spaces
strengthening. The public spaces have an opportunity to
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offer a wider range of activities than they do today. The lay-out of the public spaces should activate and encourage a wider range of users. It is important when planning public spaces that the network
Brinkpark
Stationsdwarsstraat
of the different users interact with each other and connect. This will increase the integration â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and because activity
Stationsplein
attracts more activity the city will become livelier. That means the possibility of sitting and enjoying a cup of coffee is combined with a space where children can play, sports activities with many young people can be coordinated with activities for physically active elderly people, recreational opportunities exist along with daily comings and goings. The public spaces of Apeldoorn are in general tired in their layout and design. There is a need for a breath of fresh air in terms of an upgraded design profile and some more characteristic and strong design visions. Stationsplein is an
Upgrade the public spaces in the city centre and strengthen the individual character by introducing a public space hierarchy Primary public spaces
excellent example of a successful turn-around of a public
Secondary public spaces
space, Hofstraat is another example.
Tertiary public spaces Green public spaces Main pedestrian links
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Vision for Beekpark The city's art and event space An attractive, dynamic and inviting park. An active meeting space for the cultural visitors. This park could link into the activities in the nearby CODA as well as the plays in the Theatre Orpheus. The park should - all year round - be able to cater for different flexible activities. The City Library could have an 'outdoor reading room'. The things people choose to do, because the park is inviting as well as the activities people deliberately plan in the public spaces. A space able to adapt to changing outdoor art exhibition, choral singing and music, recurrent concerts, theatre and events etc.
Vision for Stationsdwarsstraat The city's 'coffee room' An oasis of water and green in the urban city. An intimate space for small breaks; a coffee and contemplation. Lots of active shop frontages for snacks, cafes and takeaways. Water jets create a sensuous atmosphere. The small square should link the city centre with the station area.
Vision for Kanaalstraat The city's 'nature room' The pedestrian priority street should function as a strong visual and pedestrian friendly link between the Kanaal and the city centre. A space with active edges linked to the rest of the city. A new Nature Centre should be an important element of the new building. The Nature Centre should cater for tours and tell the story of the landscapes, the plants and the wildlife to visitors through exhibitions, a bookstore, interactive medias, educational service to schools or to relax and meet friends over a coffee in stimulating environments.Facing the street the new building will become an important player, alloving small units on the ground floor for sushi, coffee, sandwich etc.
Vision for Brinkpark The outdoor â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;living roomâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; A dignified garden with strong focus on qualities for central city residents. The garden should be a resting space for stationary and recreational activities for all ages - with playing facilities for children and comfortable staying opportunities. The water from the Stream should be sensed in the garden. There should be a prime space for staying activities with shelter and sun in the afternoon that is furnished with movable chairs so people can 'occupy the space'. The garden should also invite picnicing on the grass, grandparents on the benches, outdoor evening courses in dancing, cards, wine tasting etc.
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The City of Apeldoorn has supplemented with further visions for the city centre by fine
Ensure an upgraded public space network Recommendations
descriptions and illustrations of future public spaces.
Vision for Hof between Hoofdstraat and Marktstraat The cities green oasis: a hidden treasure A green, silent oases in the midst of the buzzing network of streets. An enclosed and intimate space where the old trees are the main focus point supported by new elements that provide shade, seating and nature experience. Residential units provide eyes on the street and claim the courtyard as their outdoor living room. The scale should be intimate, silent and private but welcoming.
Vision for Stat Hoofdstraat – Kanaalstraat The entrance hall of the city (shopping) centre The former car street is transformed in a relaxed pedestrian street where only the city busses pass. The Grift and trees are elaborated and gives character to this street. Lots of shop frontages from both large stores and small shops creates a busy atmosphere. The broadness of the street makes it stand out as a major entrance hall which shows all the city centre has to offer.
Vision for ACEC HOF The creative courtyard of the cultural quarter This courtyard breaths the cultural identity of its surrounding. Indoors and outdoors floats. Sometimes the courtyard is used as outdoor cinema, sometimes as sculpture garden for the ACEC building and sometimes as stage for concerts. The public space should be flexible, informal and can differ from the more classical parts of the city centre.
Vison for Markstraat – hoek (corner) Beekstraat The best shopping street Not ‘just’ a shopping street but with so much more to give. Former historical buildings are redeveloped as gems in this strongly transformed street. Shops and other functions such as horeca, residential and leisure functions make this street interesting to be in 24 h / day and not just during shop hours. The public space itself provides additional attractions such as play elements, seating under big Apeldoorn trees, water play along the Grift. The atmosphere is typically Apeldoorn: small human scale, green, safe and diverse. Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009
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4
Ensure an upgraded public space network Improve the visual quality • Develop a paving strategy and toolbox for paving solutions, emphasizing quality paving in public spaces. • Develop a catalogue of city designed street furniture and outdoor serving equipment to generally raise the quality. • Develop a catalogue of quality urban elements: tables, chairs, umbrellas, sandwich boards etc. that can be rented or bought from the municipality. • Introduce limits for the use of commercial elements such as signs, goods on display,
Good detailing is necessary for more people to choose to spend time in spaces. Establish a coherent design manual for furniture and elements. Copenhagen
elements on footpaths, advertising boards etc. • Ensure that kiosks and pavilions are well placed and adds to the visual quality of the public realm. • Develop a lighting strategy, extending the quality lighting to the rest of the pedestrian network and introducing limitations to commercial lighting. • Develop lighting schemes to emphasize heritage buildings and landmarks. • Develop a city art programme that investigates use of public spaces in non-commercial ways. • Develop an art strategy that marks and interprets the entries to the city centre.
It is comfortable to sit in the sun on a bench with some protection behind such as a green edge or a wall. Public seating is a simple and convenient way to make streets more sociable. Organise some of the street furniture as ‘talkscapes’ consisting of either benches or chairs. Union Square, New York & Martin Place Sydney
Introduce a city design profile and develop a design manual for the equipment of streets, squares and parks. This should include a set of standard recommendations for high quality street furniture, paving, signage and planting. Part of the design profile should be an art strategy with an overall strategic focus, looking at inserting art as part of a major collected thinking instead of as random individual pieces.
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Ensure an upgraded public space network Recommendations
Lighting spilling out from entrances to buildings and ground floors gives a sense of activity while reducing dark corners and niches. Jemtelandsgade, Copenhagen
The public realm, streets and spaces should be well lit. Lighting should be directed at pedestrians and of human scale. Solbjerg Plads, Copenhagen
Artistic lighting provide unique experiences and can be reasons for people to visit the city and its spaces at night. Copenhagen
At intervals the walking experience can be enrichened by artwork, beautiful urban spaces and squares or upgraded passages which add extra quality to the walking experience. Art installation, London
Temporary art in streets and passages creating experiences Barcelona
Develop a lighting strategy
Extraordinary experiences
Develop an art program
Develop a lighting strategy to ensure that pedestrian
Let the city centre have that â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;little extraâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Formulate dynamic
Develop a dynamic program for art interventions to create
routes and main public spaces are not only well lit, but
strategies for introducing extraordinary experiences and
surprises and exciting experiences in the city environments.
also interestingly lit. Include principles for transparent and
public art in the city spaces. These experiences may be
Invite different artists to create site specific installations,
lit street frontages and lighting of entrances to buildings.
permanent or temporary. They may change with the seasons
permanent or temporary, to put focus to certain streets,
Develop strategies for artistic lighting to stage individual
and create a different atmosphere during the day and night.
spaces or areas and engage passers-by. Create a good
spaces, buildings and areas and to contribute to making the
They may tell stories in a subtle way. There are many ways
balance of permanent and temporary city art. Encourage
city centre an exciting and intriguing night time destination.
to do this; the sky is the limit! Invite different artists to create
playful and interactive elements and introduce artistic lighting
Invite artists to create light installations that can change the
site specific installations, permanent or temporary, to put
for creating new experiences at night.
spaces at night in a playful manner. Work with lighting points
focus to certain streets, spaces or areas eg. in the passages,
in the pavement or other directional means to indicate key
the Kanaal etc. and engage passers-by.
pedestrian routes or links to nearby destinations.
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Ensure a city centre with a 21st century traffic system Aim for a traffic calmed city centre and thereby give higher priority to pedestrians and cyclists. Avoid through traffic in the city centre Reduce the amount of parking in the city centre Provide a well integrated public transport Create an even better city for cycling
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Recommendations Ensure a city centre with a 21st century traffic system
Ensure a city centre with a 21st century traffic system Vehicular traffic Avoid through traffic in the city centre • Cut thoroughfares in the city that invite for driving through the city without having any errands there, e.g. Kalverstraat, Molenstraat and Stationsstraat. • Downscale urban highways as e.g. Prins Willem Alexanderlaan and Koning Stadhouderlaan. These need to be turned into city streets and communicate a relation to the adjacent buildings and the context they are coming through. • Simplify the Grote Kerk intersection by closing of some of the minor side streets, leaving
Surface in one level with indication of different traffic zones. Church square, Grenå
only Loolaan and Kerklaan open for access to the Grote Kerk intersection, which could then be turned into a quiet roundabout offering much better conditions for a space in front of the church. This type of problem with the complicated large intersections is part of a citywide problem. • Introduce a general speed restriction of 40 km/h within the city centre. Lowered speed limits and general traffic calming schemes will reinforce the perception of streets being city streets and not thoroughfares.
Reduce the amount of parking in the city centre • Avoid raising the parking capacity in the heart of the city centre any further. The amount of parking in any city is tightly linked with the amount of traffic coming to the city. The
P
more parking - the more traffic. Apeldoorn already has a very high level of parking facilities
P
compared to similar cities.
Footpaths, lanes and car free streets as aesthetic pleasures, indicating high priority for pedestrians and upgrading `the walking brand´. Bilbao
• Work on a strategy where the city is coming to the parking facilities instead of the reverse P
where parking facilities are placed in dense urban areas causing many conflicts with busy streets and busy pedestrian and cycling areas. This relates to the expansion of the city heart
P
and a careful treatment of routes leading to and from major parking facilities. • On- street parking along the Kanaal, in Brinkpark and on the corner of Asselsestraat and Wilhelmina Druckerstraat needs to be removed to open for new possibilities of upgrading these spaces. • Consider a parking zone in the city centre that only offers a limited amount of short-term onstreet parking and review pricing of on street parking. • Conduct a parking survey of the existing use of parking facilities in the city centre. Improve accessibility to underused facilities and work with a differentiated pricing system - the more central, the more expensive. • Work on the info system to inform drivers where they can park and what their alternatives to driving are.
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Not just parking. Cars are allowed to park short time on this host of ‘stars’. When there are no cars the pavement becomes a beautiful part of the space. Solbjerg Plads, Copenhagen
Ensure a city centre with a 21st century traffic system Recommendations
Public transport and Bicycles Provide a well integrated public transport • Advocate for public transport as a sustainable transport mode offering an alternative to private vehicular traffic. • Inform the general public of the public transport system. How it works, where it runs, how to buy tickets, how to get information on routes, any discount packages etc. • Convey a free circle line bus for inner city traffic. This could be a smaller bus type relieving some pressure of e.g. Nieuwstraat.
Copenhagen Circle Line bus. A smaller bus type dealing with the inner city traffic. Copenhagen
• Introduce dedicated 24 hr bus lanes, ensuring a frequent running 24 hr public transport system with a high evening and weekend coverage to support public life activities outside peak periods. • Expand the use of information pillars that show bus routes, scheldules as well as how many minutes to the next bus - as a general feature in the city centre. • Combine public transport seating with general public seating. • Ensure that waiting areas for public transport, e.g. Stationsstraat, are perceived safe and attractive - also in the evening.
Create an even better city for cycling • Gradually expand the cycle network to include more routes and even better facilities. • Establish recreational cycle routes connecting the city centre with surrounding neighbourhoods and to recreational areas. To the east the IJssel and to the west the
When is the next bus arriving? Expand the use of information pillars that show bus routes, schedules as well as how many minutes to the next bus - as a general feature in the city centre. Copenhagen
Oderbos, Van Der Huchtbos and the Nationalpark De Hoge Veluwe. • Continue to develop safe and accessible bicycle parking facilities in the city centre. Ensure convenient locations for parking facilities. • Investigate the scale of hot spot illegal parking locations and what can be done to avoid these. • Convey whether to take out one, centrally located on street car parking spot and turning it into a parking spot for 10 bikes instead. • Investigate the possibilities of integrating public transport with the cycle network.
Convert on street parking into bicycle parking facilties. One parking spot equals 10 parked bicycles.Copenhagen
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