HealthTech Insider 5th Edition: How sweet are your tears?

Responsible for Making the Magic Happen

The topic evolves around the use of contact lens to detect diabetes

...Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various sectors, and healthcare is no exception.

The advent of patient-centric care apps has revolutionized the way individuals manage their health

Meet Our Contributors

Ayo-Olagunju Munachimso Fiyinfoluwa Sanwo Adeyinka Adenikinju

Peter Owolabi Wisdom Onaimor

Ibraheem Olasunkanmi

Oluwafemi Agbekorode

Editor's Message

Dear HealthTech Insider community,

Iam thrilled to welcome you to the fifth edition of our publication. It is with great joy and pride that we celebrate this milestone, as exactly a year ago, we embarked on a journey to bring you the latest insights and innovations at the intersection of healthcare and technology. This anniversary edition is a testament to the incredible strides we have made together.

Over the past year, HealthTech Insider has delved into the vast landscape of health tech, exploring diverse segments and topics that shape the future of healthcare. From digital health transformation to emerging technologies, data analytics to regulatory considerations, and industry perspectives to compelling case studies, we have covered it all.

In this anniversary edition, we continue our commitment to delivering cutting-edge content that inspires and educates across the intersection of health and technology. Be on the lookout for our exclusive feature interview with the brilliant Funmi Vanessa, where she shares her invaluable insights and experiences at the forefront of health tech.At HealthTech Insider, we believe in the power of innovation, collaboration, and knowledge-sharing. As we celebrate this anniversary, we invite you, our esteemed readers, to actively engage, share your thoughts, and ignite conversations within our thriving community. Together, let's shape the future of health tech and drive positive change for the betterment of all.

Thank you for being a part of our incredible journey. Your support and enthusiasm have been instrumental in our success. As we embark on another year of discovery, we encourage you to seize the opportunities that lie ahead. Embrace the possibilities, challenge the status quo, and together, let's revolutionize healthcare through technology.

Cheers, Ayo-Olagunju Muna

Editor-in-Chief

ChatGPT in Healthcare: Unveiling the Power and Pitfalls of AI Conversational Agents

– By Adeyinka Adenikinju

ChatGPT, an advanced AI conversational agent, holds great promise in healthcare but also poses potential risks. This article delves into the impact of ChatGPT on healthcare, exploring its benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations surrounding its use. By examining real-world applications and potential areas of concern, this article sheds light on the transformative potential of ChatGPT while emphasizing the need for responsible implementation.

Introduction:

The integration of Artificial intelligence (AI) conversational agents, such as ChatGPT. It attains conversational proficiency simply with resources like Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and natural language processing (NLP) approaches. In healthcare, it is revolutionizing patient interactions. This article explores the profound impact of ChatGPT, a communication tool created by OpenAI which was released in November 2022, examining its potential benefits and the inherent challenges associated with its use (Javaid, Haleem, & Singh, 2023).

The Power of ChatGPT in Healthcare:

ChatGPT offers numerous benefits in healthcare, including enhanced patient engagement, personalized care, and improved access to information. Its ability to provide 24/7 support, streamline administrative tasks, and assist in decision-making processes makes it a valuable tool for healthcare providers. A quick look at its use in patient engagement can be attested to by the initial data emanating from its use in Massachusetts General Hospital in how it efficiently cools off patients’ curiosity by carefully answering their queries in clear, concise, and appropriate language which in turn could help enhance patient engagement amid a worrisome provider shortage. (Heath, 2023).

Another benefit of ChatGPT in healthcare is that it can be used as an aid to enhance the learning of both medical students and physicians. With the help of ChatGPT, choice topics can be explained at the desired levels of the student or physician. Testaments of the AI Chatbot’s assistance in helping medical students' study for medical exams by creating helpful practice questions have been recorded.

Realizing the Potential Risks:

While ChatGPT, the fastest-growing app ever (Rampton, 2023), brings immense potential, it also introduces ethical concerns and potential risks. Privacy, data security, bias, and the potential for misinformation must be carefully addressed to ensure responsible and effective implementation. Researchers believe that since ChatGPT relies on the internet for its content, it could be exploited and could lead to the dissemination of medical misinformation to patients

Ensuring Ethical Implementation:

Ethical considerations surrounding ChatGPT in healthcare are crucial. This section explores the importance of transparency, accountability, and user consent in deploying AI conversational agents. It also discusses the need for ongoing monitoring, auditing, and continuous improvement to minimize the risks associated with ChatGPT.

The ethical and legal concerns posed using ChatGPT include the infringement of copyright laws,

who could be accustomed to not verifying its information due to the public trust It has attained (Heath, 2023). Frequent hallucination (a phenomenon that occurs in language models) leading to inaccuracies and ambiguities, ChatGPT becomes less of an authoritative source of information and as such would give cause for concern for the safety of patients.

possibilities for ambiguities and inaccuracies as earlier mentioned, and bmedico-legal complications

This inaccurate information can lead to potential lawsuits, more so, the unethical utilization of ChatGPT may extend to fabricating images, which constitutes a type of scientific misconduct. Providing inaccurate responses and repeating phrases from previous interactions are among other limitations that can mar ChatGPT’s

Privacy, data security, bias, and the potential for misinformation must be

Real-World Applications and Case Studies: Ensuring Ethical Implementation:

usefulness for research purposes. It is worth mentioning too that some scientists oppose the use of Chatbots like ChatGPT because they may struggle to identify vital information and differentiate between reliable and unreliable sources like humans. This can limit their usefulness in research, as they may only replicate what has already been done without adding humanlike scientific insights (Dave, Athaluri, & Singh, 2023).

According to Dave, Athaluri, & Singh, 2023; “As algorithms like ChatGPT become more sophisticated and efficient in the coming years because they are updated with ever-increasing data from the internet and beyond, there is a strong likelihood that they will be misused and manipulated”.

There should be many real-world applications of ChatGPT in healthcare, highlighting the successful implementations and its positive impact on patient care. One would check for Case studies that illustrate how ChatGPT is being used to improve diagnosis, support mental health, and enhance patient education. However, for the purpose of inclusivity to our dear readers, it would be nice to see how much of the real-world application in

healthcare you can reference We already talked about the research done at the Massachusetts General Hospital where it was used for patient education which in turn enhanced patient engagement, there is a lot of research ongoing to further apply

carefully addressed to ensure responsible and effective implementation

The Road Ahead:

Looking to the future, one must think of the potential advancements and challenges that lie ahead for ChatGPT in healthcare. This will include the need for ongoing research, regulatory frameworks, and collaboration between stakeholders to harness the full potential of this technology while mitigating potential risks. We do know that this is only the steppingstone for more possibilities, but we must ensure it is in the right direction for positive productivity.

We look forward to the use of ChatGPT as a Virtual assistant for telemedicine to help patients schedule appointments, receive treatment, and manage their health information. It can also be used as a clinical decision support system for physicians by providing them prompt, evidence-based recommendations which will eventually help them save time, reduce errors, and improve the care patients access and it can be further advanced to suit more purposes in the healthcare (Marr, 2023).

Conclusion:

ChatGPT holds significant potential in transforming healthcare delivery, but its implementation must be approached responsibly. By addressing ethical considerations, ensuring transparency, and promoting ongoing monitoring, the healthcare industry can harness the power of ChatGPT while minimizing potential pitfalls and maximizing patient benefit.

HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS IMPROVING PATIENT CARE

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the healthcare industry. AI is being used to develop new diagnostic tools, improve the accuracy of medical decision-making, and personalize treatments. This is leading to better patient outcomes and a more efficient healthcare system.Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various sectors, and healthcare is no exception.

Here are some of the ways that AI is being used to improve patient care:

Diagnosis: AI is being used to develop new diagnostic tools that can help doctors to identify diseases earlier and more accurately For example, AIpowered image analysis tools can help doctors to detect cancer in medical images such as X-rays and M

Surgery: AI is being used to develop new surgical robots that can help surgeons to perform more precise and less invasive surgeries For example, AIpowered surgical robots can help surgeons to see inside the body in 3D and to control surgical instruments with greater precision.

Trea ed to personalize treatments for patients. For example, AI can be used to analyze a patient's medical history, genetic information, and lifestyle factors to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to the individual patient. This can help to improve patient outcomes and to reduce the risk of side effects.

Healthcare administration: AI is being used to improve the efficiency of healthcare administration. For example, AI can be used to automate tasks such as scheduling appointments, processing insurance claims, and managing patient records. This can free up healthcare workers to focus on providing care to patients.

Benefits of AI in Healthcare

AI is still a relatively new technology, but it has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry. By improving the accuracy of diagnosis, personalizing treatments, and automating tasks, AI can help to improve patient outcomes and to make healthcare more efficient.There are many benefits to using AI in healthcare. Some of the benefits include:

Improved accuracy:

AI can help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment. For example, AI-powered image analysis tools can help doctors to detect cancer in medical images, such as X-rays and MRI scans. AI can help to personalize treatments for patients. For example, AI can be used to analyze a patient's medical history, genetic information, and lifestyle factors to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to the individual patient. This can help to improve patient outcomes and to reduce the risk of side effects

Personalized treatments:

Benefits of AI in Healthcare

Efficiency:

AI can help to improve the efficiency of healthcare administration. For example, AI can be used to automate tasks such as scheduling appointments, processing insurance claims, and managing patient records. This can free up healthcare workers to focus on providing care to patients

Cost savings:

AI can help to reduce healthcare costs. For example, AI-powered image analysis tools can help to detect cancer earlier, when it is more treatable. This can lead to lower costs for treatment.

Improved patient experience:

AI can help to improve the patient experience. For example, AI-powered chatbots can provide patients with information and support 24/7. This can help patients to feel more connected to their healthcare providers.

Predictive Analytics and Proactive Interventions

Predictive analytics powered by AI enables proactive interventions in healthcare: By leveraging advanced algorithms and patient data, predictive analytics uses AI to identify patterns and trends, allowing healthcare professionals to take proactive measures to prevent adverse events or complications.

AI algorithms analyze patient data to forecast disease progression and identify high-risk individuals: Through the analysis of various patient data such as medical history, vital signs, genetic information, and lifestyle factors, AI algorithms can identify risk factors associated with specific conditions. This enables healthcare providers to predict disease progression and identify individuals who are at a higher risk of developing complications.

Proactive interventions based on predictive analytics can prevent complications and improve patient outcomes: Armed with predictive analytics, healthcare professionals can tailor treatment plans and interventions to mitigate identified risks. By intervening early and addressing potential complications, proactive interventions can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs

Predictive analytics aids in predicting hospital readmissions, allowing for personalized care plans to prevent rehospitalization: AI algorithms can analyze patient data to identify factors that contribute to readmissions, such as medication non-compliance or inadequate post-discharge care. This enables healthcare providers to develop personalized care plans, provide additional support, and offer resources to prevent readmissions, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the strain on healthcare resources.

Resource allocation and planning in healthcare systems can be optimized through predictive analytics: By analyzing population health data, AI algorithms can predict disease outbreaks or surges in patient demand. This allows healthcare organizations to allocate resources effectively, plan for potential challenges, and deliver timely and efficient care to patients.

Ethical considerations, including patient privacy and algorithm transparency, must be addressed for responsible use of predictive analytics in healthcare: While predictive analytics holds immense potential, it's important to prioritize patient privacy, data security, and algorithm transparency. Safeguarding sensitive patient information and ensuring ethical use of AI algorithms are crucial for building trust and maintaining the integrity of healthcare systems.

Early Diagnosis and Detection

AI-powered Medical Imaging:

AI algorithms can analyze medical imaging scans such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans with exceptional accuracy. These algorithms identify subtle abnormalities and patterns that may be missed by human observers. By providing more accurate and timely information, AI enhances early detection, allowing for prompt intervention and treatment.

Risk Assessment and Targeted Screening:

This can analyze large datasets, including patient electronic health records, genetic information, and lifestyle factors. By considering multiple variables and patterns, AI identifies individuals who are at a higher risk of developing certain diseases. This enables targeted screening and early interventions, increasing the chances of early diagnosis.

Improving Cancer Diagnosis:

Early detection of cancer can be assisted by AI by analyzing medical imaging and pathology data. By identifying early signs of malignancies, AI enhances diagnostic accuracy and facilitates earlier treatment initiation, potentially improving survival rates.

Enhanced Radiology Diagnosis:

Radiologists can use AI algorithms to detect and characterize subtle abnormalities in medical imaging scans. AI improves diagnostic accuracy and allows for earlier intervention by assisting in the identification of conditions such as pulmonary nodules, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders.

Early Intervention in Chronic Diseases:

Timely intervention is crucial in managing chronic diseases and preventing complications. AI algorithms can analyze patient data, including blood glucose levels, medical history, and lifestyle factors, to identify individuals at risk of developing complications. This enables healthcare providers to implement personalized interventions and lifestyle modifications to manage the condition effectively.

Artificial intelligence is transforming patient care by empowering healthcare professionals with advanced tools for diagnosis, treatment optimization, monitoring, and research. Through early detection, personalized medicine, and proactive interventions. Genesys Health is a healthcare company that improves patient care through predictive analytics and proactive interventions. The company has created a number of innovative solutions that are assisting in improving patient outcomes, lowering healthcare costs, and increasing healthcare delivery efficiency to revolutionize patient care and improve the overall well-being of individuals worldwide.

Healthcare Delivery

-By Wisdom

Man vs Machine

In recent years, the healthcare industry has witnessed remarkable advancements in technology, with the integration of artificial intelligence (Al) and machine learning (ML) into healthcare delivery. These developments have brought forth a significant transformation, but they have also sparked debates regarding the role of humans in healthcare. This article delves deeper into the evolving dynamics between man and machine in healthcare delivery, exploring the benefits, challenges, and potential future implications.

The Rise of Machine-driven Healthcare

The integration of machines and automation in healthcare delivery has revolutionized the industry. Al and ML algorithms have proven adept at processing vast amounts of medical data, assisting in diagnoses, and predicting patient outcomes with remarkable accuracy. For instance, machines can analyze medical images, such as X-rays and MRls, to detect anomalies and assist radiologists in making more precise assessments. Furthermore, chatbots and virtual assistants provide patients with immediate access to information, reducing the burden on healthcare professionals and facilitating

Benefits of Machine-driven Healthcare:

The utilization of machines in healthcare delivery brings several notable benefits. First, machines can perform repetitive and timeconsuming tasks with greater efficiency, allowing healthcare professionals to focus on complex patient care. By automating administrative tasks, such as appointment scheduling and billing, machines enhance workflow efficiency, reduce errors, and improve patient satisfaction. Moreover, Alpowered systems can aid in personalized medicine by analyzing patient data, medical history, and genetic information to recommend tailored treatment plans, leading to improved outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.

Challenges and Ethical Considerations:

While machines offer significant advantages, they also present challenges and ethical considerations. The primary concern revolves around the potential for machines to replace human healthcare professionals. While automation can improve efficiency, the human touch and empathy remain crucial aspects of patient care. The role of healthcare professionals extends beyond clinical expertise; they provide emotional support, empathy, and critical decision-making based on individual patient needs Maintaining the delicate balance between man and machine is essential to ensure patient-centered care and preserve the doctor-patient relationship.

Another critical consideration is trust in machine-driven healthcare. Patients may have concerns about the security and privacy of their medical data, especially when entrusted to algorithms and Al systems. Robust data protection measures, stringent regulations, and transparent communication about data handling practices are vital to maintain patient trust. Additionally, there is a need for ongoing oversight and validation of machine algorithms to ensure accuracy, mitigate bias, and address potential ethical dilemmas related to decision-making processes.

Trust and Data Privacy: The Future of Healthcare Delivery:

The future of healthcare delivery lies in a harmonious collaboration between man and machine. While machines can assist healthcare professionals in making accurate diagnoses and treatment recommendations, human oversight and judgment remain essential to verify machine generated insights and ensure patient safety. Healthcare professionals must embrace technological advancements and adapt their skills to work alongside machines effectively. Healthcare education and training programs should incorporate digital literacy and Al competencies to equip professionals with the necessary skills for the future Moreover, the future holds the promise of advancements such as robotics, telemedicine, and wearable devices that will further enhance healthcare delivery. These technologies, combined with the expertise and compassion of human healthcare professionals, have the potential to revolutionize patient care, improve outcomes, and increase efficiency

Conclusion:

The integration of machines into healthcare delivery has the potential to revolutionize patient care, improve outcomes, and increase efficiency However, it is crucial to strike a balance between the capabilities of machines and the unique skills and empathy that human healthcare professionals bring to the table.

By leveraging the strengths of both man and machine, healthcare systems can harness the full potential of technology while providing compassionate, patient-centered care. Embracing this collaborative approach will shape the future of healthcare delivery, benefiting patients and healthcare providers alike and ultimately leading to a healthier and more technologically advanced society.

The future of healthcare delivery lies in a harmonious collaboration between MAN and MACHINE.

From Doctor's Orders to Digital Delight: The Rise of PatientCentric Care Apps

–

By Agbekorode Oluwafemi Richard.

Imagine a world where healthcare is as easy as tapping your smartphone. Patient-centric care apps have revolutionized the healthcare industry, empowering individuals to seize control of their well-being like never before. In this article, we will delve into the gamechanging impact of these apps,

care apps have become indispensable in the pursuit of wellbeing.Patient-centric care apps are at the forefront of this digital revolution, offering a convenient and user-friendly way to access healthcare services. These apps serve as comprehensive platforms that provide a range of features and functionalities, enabling patients to manage their health effectively. For example, the Genesys Patient

Care

highlighting their standout features, benefits, and challenges. We will also explore the exciting possibilities that lie ahead. In today's fast-paced world, healthcare is undergoing a remarkable transformation. The advent of patient-centric care apps has revolutionized the way individuals manage their health. These digital tools have paved the way for personalized medicine and transformed the traditional doctorpatient relationship. By putting the power of information and control in the hands of patients, patient-centric 5th Edition GNS/23/07/0000005

individuals manage their treatment plans and overall well-being effectively The impact of patientcentric care apps on patients cannot be overstated. These apps not only empower individuals by granting them access to medical information but also enhance convenience and accessibility by breaking geographical barriers and bringing healthcare services to individuals' fingertips. Moreover, these apps foster improved patient-provider communication and collaboration, promoting transparency and cooperation in the healthcare relationship. This leads to increased adherence to treatment plans and improved health outcomes. By offering reminders, tracking progress, and providing personalized insights, these apps help patients stay motivated and engaged throughout their healthcare journey. As a result, individuals are more likely to comply with their prescribed treatments, leading to enhanced overall health and wellbeing. As we look to the future, patient-centric care apps have the potential to reshape the healthcare landscape.

With continued innovation, we can anticipate even more sophisticated features and capabilities From personalized virtual health assistants to real-time data monitoring, the possibilities are endless. By embracing patientcentric care apps and the digital revolution, we can revolutionize healthcare and create a world where everyone has the tools and knowledge to live a healthy life. In this era of digital delight, let's tap into the power of patient-centric care apps and embark on a journey toward better health and well-being.

If you’re looking to embrace the right-fit patient-centric app, look no further than the GeneSys patient, available on the App and Play stores.

How Sweet Are Your Tears? The Use of Smart Contact lenses to Predict Diabetics

- Fiyinfoluwa Sanwo

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. Your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t effectively use the insulin it makes. The hormone insulin moves sugar from the blood into your cells to be stored or used for energy. If this malfunctions, you may have diabetes. Untreated high blood sugar from diabetes can damage your nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs. But educating yourself about diabetes and taking steps to prevent or manage it can help you protect your health.

Experts are worried that no fewer than six million Nigerians – one in ten adults – are living with diabetes, even as the numbers are expected to double by 2030, with the nation facing a situation akin to a “ticking time bomb.” Selfmonitoring of blood glucose at the point-of-care settings is an established practice for diabetic patients. However, current technologies for glucose monitoring are invasive, and expensive, and only provide a single depiction for a widely varying parameter. On the other hand, tears are a source of physiological information that mirrors the health state of an individual by expressing different concentrations of metabolites, enzymes, vitamins, salts, and proteins. Therefore, the eyes may be exploited as a sensing site with substantial diagnostic potential Contact lens sensors represent a viable route for targeting minimally-invasive monitoring of disease onset and progression.

Particularly, glucose concentration in tears may be used as a surrogate to estimate blood glucose levels. Extensive research efforts recently have been devoted to developing smart contact lenses for continual glucose detection.

Contact Lenses

A contact lens is a thin curved layer of a soft or rigid transparent material and it is worn in direct contact with the cornea. Contact lenses are obtained from transparent materials and are sometimes slightly tinted to make them easier to handle. Although contact lenses may seem a modern invention in eye care, they have a long development history starting from the sixteenth century. In 1508, Leonardo da Vinci produced sketches proposing optical solutions for vision correction. He demonstrated that looking through the bottom of a glass bowl filled with water could help rectify the vision. However, his suggestion was impractical (Figure 1A).

Later, in the seventeenth century, René Déscartes introduced the concept of using a test tube filled with water to achieve similar results (Figure 1B). The suggestion of using a tube instead of an entire bowl of water was simpler but still impractical. The first contact lenses were made of blown glass in 1887 and they were designed to cover the whole eye surface. Although these lenses were beneficial for vision correction, they brought to light several other points with an opportunity for improvement.

In the early 1970s, the first commercial soft contact lenses were released after being approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Since then, soft contact lenses were subjected to developments to increase their oxygen permeability and water absorption properties In the late of 90s and early 2000s, silicon hydrogel became the material of choice for most contact lens manufacturers. Silicon hydrogel lenses allow up to five times higher oxygen permeability, which helped to keep the eye hydrated, healthy, and comfortable for longer times than before.

FIGURE 1 Schematics showing the proposed methods for vision correction:

(A) Leonardo da Vinci concept: a man looking through a bowl filled of water, and (B) René Descartes concept: a man looking through a tube filled with fluid.

(C) Categories of contact lenses based on the constituents materials.

Smart Contact Lenses

Among various wearable health care devices, smart contact lenses have attracted great commercial attention for health care applications. The surface of the cornea uniquely presents a convenient and noninvasive interface to physiological conditions in the human body. The eyes are directly connected to the brain, liver, heart, lung, and kidney and can serve as a window to with diabetes contains a tiny light that lets them know if their sugar levels get too high.The smart contact lens device, built on a biocompatible polymer, contains ultrathin, flexible electrical circuits and a microcontroller chip for real-time electrochemical biosensing, on-demand controlled drug delivery, wireless power management, and data communication

Smart Contact Lenses for Continual Glucose Detection:

The tear fluid composition has a close relationship with the one in blood, due to plasma leakage from blood into tears via the blood-tear barrier. Recent studies show that glucose levels in tears correlated with blood glucose; however, the glucose levels in tears were found to delay for 10–20 min. Smart contact lenses developed for glucose detection are classified into three categories based on the type of sensor integrated with the contact lens. This section discusses each category, including their working principles, advantages, drawbacks, limitations, and recent advances.

Fluorescence-Base Contact Lenses for Glucose Detection

Fluorescence occurs when an incident light of a wavelength range 200–800 nm is absorbed by specific molecules, which transit certain electrons to higher energy levels. The excited electrons return to their ground states emitting the absorbed light in the form of fluorescence. However, some of the absorbed light is lost in form of heat or

vibration Consequently, the emitted light has lower energy than that of the absorbed. The electronic transition is an instantaneous process lasting 10−15 s, and the lifetime of the excited state is around 10 8 s. Therefore, the whole process of fluorescence emission lasts about 10−8 s . The fluorescent molecules (fluorophores) can lose the absorbed light not only by reemission heat or vibration, but also by transferring the energy into another fluorescent molecule or fluorophore nearby.

Fluorescent sensors have been utilized in various applications due to their versatility, sensitivity, and selectivity. Fluorescent glucose sensors were integrated into contact lenses for continuous glucose detection in tear fluid. The first contact lens integrated with fluorescent sensor for glucose tear monitoring was developed by Badugu et al., in 2003. Daily disposal contact lenses were embedded with boronic acid containing fluorophores.

The contact lens showed to be suitable for detecting tear glucose levels in the range of 0.05–1.0 mM. The contact lenses showed a reversible response, and functioned in the physiological pH and ionic strength. The same work team developed colorless contact lens for glucose sensor based on a novel boronic acid containing fluorophores, which were compatible with low pH and methanol-like polarity. The excitation and emission light for the embedded sensor were in the UV range and the sensor responded to tear glucose concentration in the range of 0.05–0.5 mM. The sensitivity of the sensor was 20% for glucose change from 0.05 to 0.5 mM, and the response time was 10 min. Recently, the same research team reported a methodology for tear glucose monitoring based on silicon hydrogel contact lenses (SiHG) The glucose recognition agent, fluorophore Quin-C18, strongly bounded to the lens without showing any significant leaching after multiple rinses.

The contact lens was tested in-vitro and showed a robust performance as similar response to glucose after 3 months of storage, was observed. March et al. developed fluorescent glucose sensors based on a fluorophore and a glucose recognition agent trapped in hydrogel spheres that were inserted into a soft contact lens The electronic transition is an instantaneous process lasting 10−15 s, and the lifetime of the excited state is around 10−8 s. Therefore, the whole process of fluorescence emission lasts about 10 8 s . The fluorescent molecules (fluorophores) can lose the absorbed light not only by reemission heat or vibration, but also by transferring the energy into another fluorescent molecule or fluorophore nearby. Fluorescent sensors have been utilized in various applications due to their versatility, sensitivity, and selectivity Fluorescent glucose sensors were integrated into contact lenses for continuous glucose detection in tear fluid.

The first contact lens integrated with fluorescent sensor for glucose tear monitoring was developed by Badugu et al., in 2003. Daily disposal contact lenses were embedded with boronic acid containing fluorophores. The contact lens showed to be suitable for detecting tear glucose levels in the range of 0.05–1.0 mM. The contact lenses showed a reversible response, and functioned in the physiological pH and ionic strength. The same work team developed colorless contact lens for glucose sensor based on a novel boronic acid containing fluorophores, which were compatible with low pH and methanol-like polarity. The excitation and emission light for the embedded sensor were in the UV range and the sensor responded to tear glucose concentration in the range of 0.05–0.5 mM. The sensitivity of the sensor was 20% for glucose change from 0 05 to 0 5 mM, and the response time was 10 min. Recently, the same research team reported a methodology for tear glucose monitoring based on silicon hydrogel contact lenses (SiHG).

The glucose recognition agent, fluorophore Quin-C18, strongly bounded to the lens without showing any significant leaching after multiple rinses. The contact lens was tested in-vitro and showed a robust performance as similar response to glucose after 3 months of storage, was observed. March et al. developed fluorescent glucose sensors based on a fluorophore and a glucose recognition agent trapped in hydrogel spheres that were inserted into a soft contact lens made of poly (vinyl alcohol). When the glucose molecules reacted with the glucose receptor, the fluorophores shifted away from the receptor, decreasing FRET and increasing the fluorescent light upon increasing glucose concentrations However, a 15 min delay in the glucose concentration readouts was observed. The sensor was compatible with a hand-held fluorometer, used to collect the output signal. Moreover, pHEMA and PDMS contact lenses have been integrated with fluorescent glucose sensors. The glucoseresponsive molecules and the

organic fluorescent dye were encapsulated in silica nanoparticles and were embedded in the contact lenses. The silica retained the capsule shell integrity and prohibited the leakage. The contact lenses were able to detect glucose concentration in the range of 0.5–5.0 mM (64). Also, daily disposal commercial contact lenses were integrated with fluorescent glucose sensors based on boronic acidcontaining fluorophores. Glucose concentrations in the range 0.05–0.50 mM were detected with an equilibrium time of 10 min The pH, chloride, and polarity were found to be interfering with the sensor readings. Recently, a highly sensitive fluorescent glucose sensor together with a reference probe was implemented into pHEMA contact l lens to achieve ratiometric analysis with obvious fluorescence color changes, for the colorimetric detection of glucose concentrations in eye tears (Figures 2A–F). The glucose levels in tears were monitored via a smartphone as a reader, which worked by capturing and analyzing the fluorescent images of the contact lenses.

An increase in glucose concentrations led to a shift in the fluorescent color of the contact lens from pink to blue. The contact lens detected glucose concentrations in the range of 0.23 μM-1.0 mM, in artificial eye tears. The biocompatibility of the contact lenses were demonstrated in the tests carried out on animals. More recently, Deng et al reported soft contact lenses which could detect glucose in tears with high sensitivity. A glucose fluorescent recognition molecule probe and a reference fluorescent dye formed the glucose sensor that was immobilized into the hydrogel matrix of the contact lens. With increasing glucose concentration, the color of the contact lens changed from pink to blue due to shifting the fluorescent color. The detection system of the sensor's signal was replying on a smartphone camera that capture photographs for the contact lens and a software transformed the images into RGB signals to quantify the glucose levels. The sensor showed a working range of 0.023–1.0 mM, and biosafety when it was tested on animal models.

UV

glucose

1

(D)

lens

artificial tears containing glucose of 5 mM concentration (E) Blood glucose levels measured by a commercial glucose meter over time and their corresponding tear glucose levels measured by analyzing the fluorescent signals emitted from the contact lens worn on the rabbit eye (F) The ratio of the blue and red channel (B/R) for the images taken for the contact lens worn in the rabbit eye and immersed in artificial tears with different glucose concentrations

Light Diffractive Contact Lenses for Glucose Detection

Photonic crystals (PCs) are made of periodically ordered materials of different refractive indexes, and they are classified according to number of periodicity directions into 1D, 2D, and 3D. When a photonic crystal is illuminated by a polychromatic light beam, the diffracted light follows Bragg's law:

mλd=2neffΛ sin(θd) (1)

where m is the diffraction order, λd represents the diffracted wavelength, neff is the effective refractive index of the PC, θd is the diffraction angle, and Λ is the periodic constant of the PC. Accordingly, the diffracted wavelength changes due to any modification in the periodic constant or in the effective refractive index. Based on this principle, 1D, 2D, and 3D PCs have been developed for sensing applications. When the periodicity Λ of the PC is comparable to the wavelengths of the incident visible light, the PC diffracts a visible color that can be seen by naked eyes. Hence, PCbased sensors exhibit a visible color change. Therefore, PC sensors are strong candidates to be employed in point-of-care settings. Unlike the selective electrochemical glucose sensors, most of the photonic glucoses sensors are based on phenylboronic acid (PBA) derivatives which are used as glucose recognition agents instead of enzymes used in electrochemical sensors.

FIGURE 2. The florescence-based smart contact lens for tear glucose sensing (A) Photographs of the rabbit wearing the smart contact lens under ambient light illumination (B) The rabbit eye wearing contact lens under illumination by

LED light (C) The worn lens in artificial tears containing

of

mM concentration

The worn

in

Generally, photonic band gapbased sensors offer inherent merits over their electrochemical counterparts, such as the lack of electrical connections, immunity to electromagnetic interference, relatively easier fabrication process, possibility of remote sensing, and cost-effectiveness. Compared to fluorescent glucose sensors, the photonic sensors do not require dyes or fluorophores to operate, eliminating the problem of photobleaching.

FIGURE 3. Smart contact lenses for glucose monitoring developed based on light diffractive sensors. (A–C) A light diffraction-based glucose sensor integrated with a soft contact lens: (A) a soft commercial contact lens placed on an eye ball (i), and the commercial contact lens integrated with a 1D grating glucose sensor (ii),(B) schematic illustration of the readout methodology for the contact lens integrated with the 1D grating glucose sensor, and (C) continuous glucose detection measurements shows the reflected optical power from the contact lens vs. the glucose concentration (105). (D–F) Light diffuserbased glucose sensor: (D) optical microscope image for the master holographic light diffuser, (E) the surface of the glucose sensor imprinted with the light diffuser microstructures, and (F) photographs of the smart contact lens integrated with the light diffuserglucose sensor and placed on an eye ball to be investigated by a smartphone as a reader (106). (G,H) Bifocal contact lenses for glucose detection: (G) schematic illustration of the bifocal contact lens in glucose-free buffer, and (H) schematic of the bifocal contact lens in glucose-complexation conditions

Conclusion and Future Anticipations

Continuous and real-time monitoring of glucose levels allows for tight control of diabetes early stages and progression. Non-invasive glucose detection is a promising method for improving the life quality and expectancy of diabetics. Optical glucose sensors are in progress, including light diffractive and fluorescent sensors. On the other hand, electrochemical sensors are a few steps ahead.

Minimizing the electronics and employing transparent conductive polymers in addition to the 3D printing technology may revolutionize electrochemical glucose sensors. As the contact lenses come in direct contact with the eye cornea, significant challenges need to be faced. For example, electric current flow through the electrochemical sensors results in Joule heating, which may affect the temperature of the eye. Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct of the chemical reaction taking place in the enzymatic glucose sensors and may cause eye irritation. Contact lenses initially emerged for vision correction but, recently, novel applications have been unlocked. It might become feasible in the near future to use contact lens sensors to monitor a range of ocular and systemic conditions

GamIng and Mental

Gaming has become an increasingly popular form of entertainment worldwide, with millions of people playing video games on various platforms. While gaming has been associated with negative effects on mental health, such as addiction, aggression, and social isolation, recent research has also shown that gaming can have potential benefits for mental health. In this article, we will explore the potential benefits and risks of gaming for mental health.

Potential Benefits of Gaming for Mental Health

Stress relief: Gaming can provide a temporary escape from real-fife stressors and help individuals relax and unwind. According to a study published in the Journal of Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, playing casual games can reduce stress and improve mood in individuals.

Cognitive benefits: Gaming can improve cognitive skills, such as attention, memory, and problemsolving, which can have positive effects on mental health.

According to a study published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology, playing action video games can improve cognitive skills, such as visual attention and spatial cognition.

Social benefits: Gaming can provide a social outlet for individuals who may have difficulty socializing in real-life situations, such as those with social anxiety or autism.

According to a study published in the journal Computers in Human Behavior, online gaming can provide a sense of belongingness and social support for individuals.

Therapeutic benefits: Gaming can be used as a therapeutic tool for individuals with mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Games can help individuals learn coping skills, reduce symptoms, and improve their mood According to a study published in the journal Games for Health Journal, playing video games can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in individuals

Potential Risks of Gaming for Mental Health

Addiction: Gaming addiction can have negative effects on mental health, such as withdrawal symptoms, mood swings, and impaired social and occupational functioning. According to the World Health Organization, gaming disorder is a recognized mental health condition that is characterized by impaired control over gaming, increased priority given to gaming over other activities, and continuation of gaming despite negative consequences.

Aggression: Some studies have shown that violent video games can increase aggression and hostility in individuals, especially in children and adolescents. According to a study published in the journal Aggression and Violent Behavior, playing violent video games can increase aggressive behavior, thoughts, and emotions in individuals.

Social Isolation: Excessive gaming can lead to social isolation and loneliness, which can have negative effects on mental health. According to a study published in the journal Computers in Human Behavior, excessive gaming can lead to a decrease in face-to-face social interactions and an increase in online social interactions

Sleep problems: Gaming can interfere with sleep patterns, which can have negative effects on mental health, such as fatigue, irritability, and impaired cognitive function According to a study published in the journal Sleep Medicine Reviews, excessive gaming can lead to delayed sleep onset, reduced sleep duration, and poor sleep quality.

Conclusion

Gaming can have both potential benefits and risks for mental health, depending on the frequency, duration, and content of the games played. While gaming can provide stress relief, cognitive benefits, social benefits, and therapeutic benefits, it can also lead to addiction, aggression, social isolation, and sleep problems. Therefore, it is important for individuals to be mindful of their gaming habits and to seek professional help if necessary. Additionally, game developers and policymakers should consider the potential impact of gaming on mental health and take steps to promote responsible gaming practices, such as age-appropriate content, parental controls, and education on healthy gaming habits.

By Ayo-Olagunju Munachimso

Despite being a fundamental human right and progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), access to quality healthcare remains elusive to millions of people around the world, especially among those in rural communities, the elderly, blue-collar, lowliteracy, indigents and vulnerable population groups. These groups of people experience significant barriers and challenges in accessing proper medical attention – hence often referred to as the medically underserved Health disparities, driven by factors such as; socioeconomic status, geographic location and system inequalities, continue to exacerbate this challenge. However, emerging health technologies unlock the promise and potential to bridge this gap; revolutionizing healthcare delivery, empowering individuals, improving healthcare outcomes and addressing these disparities We would explore the promise and potential that lies there within. Health technology, fondly called health tech, spans a body of innovations that incorporates digital tools, Artificial Intelligence (AI), telemedicine, mobile application, medical Internet of Things (IoT), wearables and other advanced technologies in enhancing healthcare delivery.

In underserved communities, access to healthcare facilities and specialists is often limited, due to the rural nature of such communities, often making them unmotorable and less than desirable in terms of quality of life. This is where technology proves to be a game changer, by helping to overcome the physical barriers and limitations to accessing care, through telemedicine. Telemedicine connects patients with healthcare providers remotely, thus eliminating the need for a physical visit. This flattens the geographical barriers, making healthcare more accessible to those in the hinterlands and rural communities. Supplementing telemedicine is mobile health (mHealth) technology, which has demonstrated promise in improving access to healthcare services. mHealth technologies include; mobile apps, wearables and other similar digital tools that allow patients to monitor, collect and communicate their health information to healthcare providers remotely. This is especially useful for elderly patients and people with certain types of disabilities. Another way health tech is addressing the disparities among underserved populations is by empowering patients and promoting self-care thus increasing patient engagement.

By providing patients with access to their health information and tools to manage their health patients become active participants in their health. Underserved communities are equipped with vital health information in user-friendly formats, to make informed decisions about their health. Some of these techdriven health initiatives help in overcoming the language and cultural barriers to communication and are built with low-cost, low-bandwidth or nointernet mobile technologies leveraging; SMS, USSD and voice calls, all in local dialects.

Health disparities are deeply rooted in systemic inequalities that disproportionately affect underserved communities. Lack of access to healthcare, limited health education and socioeconomic factors all play a contributory role to these disparities. However, health tech offers a promising pathway to mitigate these challenges.

Telehealth services are bridging the gap, by bringing access to these underserved communities without, reducing travel time and minimizing costs.

Coupled with remote monitoring devices, providers can get real-time remote monitoring of patients’ conditions, especially for those with chronic diseases. The timely monitoring prevents further deterioration of the patient’s condition and reduces the need for hospitalization.

In underserved communities, access to healthcare facilities and specialists is often limited, due to the rural nature of such communities, often making them unmotorable and less than desirable in terms of quality of life.

Furthermore, health tech innovations are being developed with a focus on affordability and low-bandwidth or no internet requirement. The Promise of health tech and its many applications for underserved communities is huge. Technology is playing a transformative role in improving the lives of millions by; empowering individuals and revolutionizing healthcare delivery. It is however crucial to ensure these advancements are implemented ethically and with cultural context. A multisectoral stakeholder collaboration is required to ensure that these health tech solutions are tailored to the specific needs of the underserved.

H E A L T H C R U S H O F T H E Q U A R T E R

Funmi Vanessa Ullam

I'm a devoted mom of two energetic boys, which is undoubtedly my most important role.

In addition, I am the co-founder and CEO of Eli Health, a HealthTech startup that is focused on creating a Kids Health Monitoring Platform. Our platform is specifically designed to support children facing chronic health challenges.

I'm also the founder of Crescent Kids, a non-profit organization dedicated to helping children in Nigeria. Through collaborations with notable partners such as the NHS, Global Blood Therapeutics, and Lloyds Banking Group, we strive to make a positive impact on children's lives.

With 20 years of experience in the Tech industry, I have worked with organizations to develop technology strategies that drive business growth.

I am incredibly passionate about the intersection of technology (Web3 AI & Machine Learning) and healthcare. The opportunities for improvement and transformation that technology presents truly excite and drive me. In fact, I created a monthly Twitter Space called Tech Meets Health, where a community of innovators comes together to discuss all things related to Health, Tech, and Web3. It was great when you joined us for some of the talks.

It's interesting to explore how we can shape the future of healthcare together.

You are passionate about health, tech, parenting, web3, and pediatrics, where does the connection lie among all these for you?

These topics consume my thoughts every single day, and they are all deeply intertwined. Let's dive into the health aspect first. When my first son was diagnosed with Sickle Cell at just two weeks old, it changed my entire perspective on maintaining his well-being. For the past 11 years, I have been wholeheartedly dedicated to ensuring his optimum health. In pursuit of this goal, I delved into the world of health in ways I never thought possible. I discovered fascinating insights about the human body and chronic conditions that were completely new to me. When faced with a diagnosis, the crucial question becomes, "What's next?" I learned that your mindset in that moment determines everything that follows.

TECH

Falling into the world of technology after university was a true blessing Back then, it wasn't as well-known or appreciated as it is today But working in this field has truly transformed my life and my outlook on everything Technology is all about innovation and constant change. It's here to solve problems and pave the way for improvement and progress For me, technology is at the core of who I am and what I believe in Its transformative power in everyday life cannot be underestimated.

Recently, I've started seeing the powerful connection between technology and health. It has opened my mind to endless possibilities for enhancing the patient experience. With the help of technology, we can truly revolutionize healthcare.

PARENTING

Without a doubt, it's the most challenging role I've ever had. There's no manual for this job, but every day, it fills me with equal measures of joy and stress. Parenting is a subject close to my heart, and I draw immense inspiration from fellow parents. Their resilience assures me that I too can conquer this beautiful chaos.

PEDIATRICS

Discovering the world of pediatrics through my son has sparked an undeniable fascination. I now hold so much admiration for those dedicated to this field of healthcare In fact, my own health, tech business, and charity are solely focused on serving children

Recently, I came to learn that Pediatrics is the branch of medicine that specifically focuses on the health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents from birth to the age of 18. The term "paediatrics" itself derives from two Greek words: "pais," meaning child, and "iatros," meaning doctor or healer.

CAN YOU SHADE LIGHT INTO THE INSPIRATION BEHIND THE TAG #TECHMEETSHEAL TH, FOR YOUR WEEKLY TWITTER SPACE?

Last year, I hopped on the Twitter train and dived into the exciting world of Tech spaces The energy and vibrant community within Twitter truly captivated me.

During this time, I found myself in search of my own unique niche I wanted a hashtag that perfectly encapsulated the subjects I was eager to explore Upon some reflection, it became clear to me that my interests predominantly revolved around the realms of technology and health, or what some call HealthTech.

Though I knew I didn't want to go with the straightforward option of #healthtech, I enjoyed playing with words until I stumbled upon the perfect fit: #TechMeetsHealth

As someone whose child was diagnosed with a health challenge, I can tell you that motivation comes naturally when you're determined to overcome it - for me, that motivation only grows stronger. I've witnessed firsthand the impact of Sickle Cell not in our worlds, but on the lives of others as well The pain and suffering experienced by children breaks my heart and fuels my motivation to make a difference The fire to bring about change burns within me constantly. Passion drives my actions Technology, children, and health are my passions

Managing all the moving parts can be tough, I won't sugarcoat it There are days when I feel overwhelmed, on the verge of tears. And there are days when I become discouraged, feeling like I'm not where I should be with my mission.

But here's how I cope Each day, I choose the most important priorities in each of these areas and make sure to take one significant step forward. And on those days when juggling everything becomes too much, I focus on my children's needs. I've realized that stressing myself out only leads to burnout, so I've learned to take breaks and only focus on what's necessary to get through each day or even each hour

I've learned the importance of pacing myself and putting my trust in God.

HOW DO YOU STAY MOTIVATED AND PASSIONATE WITH ALL THE MOVING PARTS YOU HAVE CURRENTLY? WORK, FAMILY, AND THE FOUNDATION?

I've been keeping a low profile for the first part of this year. I've taken a break from social media and have been working on my top priorities. These include my children, the digital health platform I'm building, and my charity work. Sometimes it's easy to doubt ourselves and feel like we haven't accomplished enough But when I look back on this year so far, I'm truly thrilled to share the following achievements:

We secured an innovation support grant from a medical organization

We partnered with the University of Manchester in the UK to advance our research. We won a research bid to study pica in children with Sickle Cell

I landed one of the biggest speaking opportunities of my career (stay tuned for more details!). We collaborated with the NHS to provide hospital care packs for families affected by Sickle Cell.

We worked with the Hope at Dawn foundation in Nigeria to offer 200 free genotype tests for families in Kogi State on World Sickle Cell Day.

The lesson I've learned is to stay laser-focused on your goals, no matter the obstacles. I truly believe that hard work pays off, especially when you have a mission that fuels your every waking moment Stay focused, and success is sure to follow

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE OUTLOOKS YOU HAVE GAINED IN THE LAST 6 MONTHS, AND HOW DO YOU INTEND TO APPLY THEM TO THE REST OF THE YEAR 2023?

THANK YOU

Indeed, time and our passion are truly the only currency we have to expend to attain success, thank you so much Funmi. It has been an amazing conversation so far!

Glad we finally got to have this chat, thank you for your time, and we look forward to seeing and hearing super amazing stuff about what you are doing with the ELI APP and the foundation.

GOOD HEALTH

– By Peter Owolabi

Good health is not merely the absence of disease but a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing. Recognizing its significance, the United Nations has included good health as a vital component in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Goal 3 of the SDGs specifically aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. This composition explores the importance of good health in the context of the UN SDGs and highlights key areas of focus for achieving sustainable development.

Importance of Good Health

Good health is a fundamental human right and an essential foundation for achieving sustainable development. It enables individuals to live fulfilling lives, contributes to poverty reduction, and fosters economic growth. Healthy individuals are more productive, have better educational outcomes, and are better positioned to actively participate in their communities.

01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06.

SDG 3: Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-being

Addressing Health Inequalities

Promoting Mental Health and Well-being: Combatting Communicable and Non-communicable Diseases:

Strengthening Health Systems and Universal Health Coverage: Health in the Context of Other SDGs:

01.

SDG 3: Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-being

Some key targets of SDG 3 include reducing maternal and child mortality, combating communicable diseases, strengthening health systems, and ensuring access to essential healthcare services for all.

SDG 3 serves as a global framework for improving health and well-being. It encompasses a broad range of targets and indicators, aiming to address various health challenges and promote universal health coverage. Some key targets of SDG 3 include reducing maternal and child mortality, combating communicable diseases, strengthening health systems, and ensuring access to essential healthcare services for all.

02. Addressing Health Inequalities

Achieving good health requires addressing health inequalities that persist globally. Socioeconomic factors, gender disparities, geographical location, and other determinants of health can lead to unequal access to healthcare and health outcomes. To achieve the SDGs, it is crucial to tackle these inequalities and promote health equity by ensuring that everyone has equal access to quality healthcare services.

03.

Promoting Mental Health and Wellbeing:

Mental health is an integral component of overall well-being, and promoting mental health is essential for achieving sustainable development. SDG 3 recognizes the importance of mental health by including targets to prevent and treat substance abuse, reduce suicide rates, and promote mental well-being at all ages. By prioritizing mental health, societies can create supportive environments that enable individuals to thrive.

04.

Combatting Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases:

SDG 3 focuses on addressing both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Efforts to combat communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis are crucial for reducing mortality and improving health outcomes. Additionally, addressing non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer is essential for promoting long-term health and well-being.

05.

Strengthening Health Systems and Universal Health Coverage:

Strong health systems and universal health coverage are critical for achieving good health for all. SDG 3 emphasizes the need to strengthen healthcare infrastructure, improve access to essential medicines, and ensure a skilled healthcare workforce By investing in resilient health systems and promoting universal health coverage, countries can provide essential health services to their populations, regardless of their ability to pay.

Health in the Context of Other SDGs:

Good health intersects with various other SDGs. For instance, it plays a crucial role in achieving SDG 1 (No Poverty) by preventing illness-related impoverishment and promoting economic opportunities. Furthermore, it contributes to SDG 4 (Quality Education) by improving educational outcomes through better health and nutrition. Additionally, good health is essential for SDG 5 (Gender Equality) as it empowers women and girls and supports maternal and child health.

THE ROLE OF BIG DATA IN HEALTHCARE

One of the most significant applications of big data in healthcare is its ability to improve patient outcomes through personalised care.

-Ayo-Olagunju Munachimso

Big Data refers to a huge amount of data that is such that traditional data processing tools cannot manage them. The vastness and complexity of the data are part of the attributes that require it to have advanced storage, analysis and processing needs. These data are generated in torrents at rapid intervals, encompassing; structured, semi-structured and unstructured data, with sources spanning various sectors and industries. Big Data are often characterised by their; volume, variety, velocity, value, veracity and variability.

The term ‘Big Data’ came to be in the early 2000s and become a fad in the lexicon of the digital transformation era by the mid2010s.

The digital transformation era saw the emergence of big data which has become something of a game changer across various sectors, healthcare inclusive.The avalanche of data generated almost daily poses a great potential to revolutionalize healthcare delivery, leading to improved patient outcomes, population health benefits, and cost reductions, amongst others.

Harnessing big data analytics can unlock tremendous insights from electronic health records, medical imaging, wearable devices, health IoT devices, and genetic information, empowering healthcare providers to make informed decisions, enhance treatment plans, and optimize resource allocation. We explore the role of big data in healthcare and its transformative potential in the industry. One of the most significant applications of big data in healthcare is its ability to improve patient outcomes through personalised care. Healthcare providers can identify patterns and trends from personalised health information, in arriving at a targeted holistic approach towards optimized healthcare delivery. Through big data analytics, healthcare providers can identify the best treatment regimen for individuals based on their medical history and other factors, leading to better outcomes and a higher quality of life. For example, it can help them identify patients who are at risk of developing certain conditions.

Through early identification, they can take adequate precautionary measures to reduce the risk of the patient developing the condition. It can also augment and optimize the diagnosis process, by comparing a patient’s medical history and symptoms against a vast database of similar cases, leading to a more comprehensive diagnosis. Another foremost application of big data analytics is in population health management. By analyzing aggregated data from a particular focus group, bloc, or community, policymakers and healthcare providers can identify trends, patterns and risk factorswithin specific population demographics that can help in developing targeted interventions and preventive strategies in furtherance of population health benefits.

For instance, big data analytics can help in identifying communities at higher risk of chronic diseases, such as; diabetes, cancer or cardiovascular conditions and communities plagued with unique diseases. By proactively targeting this population with sensitization, education campaigns and early screening programs, healthcare providers can prevent these diseases. Big data analytics can be deployed towards disease surveillance, in predicting and proactively curbing the outbreak of a pandemic, reducing the burden on the health system in the long run.

The role of big data analytics cannot be glossed over in the area of medical research. It offers medical researchers unprecedented access to a large volume of data and means of collecting this data. Pharmaceutical companies can use this data to optimize their clinical studies and trials. They can identify patterns and trends in predicting the efficacy of a medication for a particular patient group. In turn, this data can drive big medical breakthroughs and advancements that save lives By pairing big data with advanced analytics techniques like machine learning, medical researchers can create predictive models with vast applications such as; IBM Watson Health

The application of big data in healthcare can lead to tremendous cost savings and improved operational efficiencies without compromising on quality. By analyzing historic data on patient flow and hospital admissions, healthcare providers can allocate staff and resources more efficiently

For example, big data analytics can help providers identify patients who are at risk of re-admission. Through early identification, steps can be taken to prevent readmission, leading to cost savings Big data analytics can also help providers in identifying areas of waste reduction. By analyzing data on medical procedures and treatments, healthcare providers can identify areas where unnecessary tests or treatments are being performed, equally translating to cost savings. The cited instances are just a few of the practical applications of big data analytics in healthcare and the role it plays therein and this role is rapidly expanding, presenting numerous other opportunities for improving patient care, optimizing service delivery, medical advancements and cost savings. Despite its potential benefits, big data also poses challenges and concerns that must be addressed such as; the ethical concerns surrounding patient data privacy, as healthcare providers must ensure patient data is not shared or used without their consent.

You most certainly cannot shy away from security when you talk about data privacy. As such, providers need to ensure that patient data –due to its sensitive nature, is stored and processed securely to prevent breaches. Providers must equally invest in robust data governance policies & frameworks, data transparency, and necessary infrastructure and expertise Another challenge with big data in healthcare that is often overlooked is data integration. Healthcare data – due to their various origins are often non-federated and in diverse formats, making it challenging to integrate and analyze. Healthcare providers need to overcome these impediments, making the data integrated and standardized, if they are to make meaningful insights with it.

Providers must equally invest in robust data governance policies & frameworks, data transparency, and necessary infrastructure and expertise.

With continuous advancements in technology and the evolution of data collection methods, the healthcare industry stands to benefit significantly from the insights derived from big data analytics.

However, a few of the highlighted challenges such as; data privacy and security, data quality, and data integration need to be addressed with a combination of the right tools and strategies. By so doing, providers can fully harness the value of big data in healthcare and usher in a new dawn of precision medicine, proactive healthcare management, and costeffective healthcare.

Like many other deficient developments, quality healthcare delivery also suffers great setbacks in Africa. The need to fill these developmental gaps in health become thing of concern, especially to the global communities, because of the emerging threat of infectious diseases.

The health challenges faced by African communities overtime include but are not limited to reduced life expectancy, the prevalence of deadly diseases, high infant and maternal mortality, and morbidity rates. On the other hand, unaffordable and inaccessible healthcare are also common African headaches.

Although there have been a lot of interventions from regional and national leadership in a bid to send in exile these debilities there are a few barriers to effectively addressing such lapses: these include, the growing strength of insecurity, the recent antimicrobial resistance fuss, excessiveness of misdiagnosis and the unaffordable threat of infectious diseases.

Is Digital Twins the Solution?

Drawing insight from the developed world, it is evidented that technologies and innovation had brought fast-paced transformation with no exceptions to health. Among many of these technological innovations, Digital Twins has attracted so much attention and investments in every sector, but strategically recognized in health sector in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic.

Digital Twins is an innovative technology that works by creating a virtual model for a physical entity in digital form to simulate the object's behavior

It also use real time data sent from sensor on the object to monitor ongoing status, predict future trend and detect abnormal pattern.

The Digital Twins comes not without merits. The following are the advantages of Digital Twins

Firstly, it helps in achieving a better patient experience and engagements. Secondly, it enables right resources are applied to right patient. Thirdly, it makes healthcare more personal, more effective, efficient and equitable. Fourthly, It reduces burden on healthcare system costs.

Is Digital Twins the Solution?

Lastly, it provides quantifiable values for governments and payers. These among many other value-packed advantages make it more suitable to address the barrier to achieving quality healthcare delivery. Therefore, bring about timely diagnosis, operational efficiency, and fixing of health equity and can be used anywhere even in the crisis region.

For instance, the introduction of Bio Button(a medical-grade wearable sensor) by the US-based Bio IntelliSense makes it easy for clinicians to capture patients’ vital signs and feed the data stream to their care team to enable them to know the appropriate interventions to patients’ needs.

In conclusion, the perennial health challenges in Africa are long overdue. It is high time Africans stepped up their games with bold investments in health technologies like Digital Twins, which will enable the overall health transformation that guarantees quality healthcare delivery for Africans.

GO FOR NUTS

– By peter owolabi

NUTS

Nuts are a type of food that are botanically classified as fruits or seeds, and are often consumed as a snack or used as an ingredient in cooking and baking Some examples of nuts include almonds, walnuts, pecans, cashews, hazelnuts, pistachios, and macadamia nuts.

Nuts are a nutrient-dense food, meaning they provide a high amount of nutrients relative to their calorie content. They are a good source of healthy fats, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Many nuts are also rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the body against cellular damage and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Nuts are often recommended as part of a healthy diet due to their many health benefits, including improved heart health, weight management, and reduced inflammation. However, they can also be high in calories, so it's important to consume them in moderation as part of a balanced diet

There are many health benefits of eating nuts, including:

Heart health: Nuts are high in healthy fats, fiber, and antioxidants, all of which can help reduce the risk of heart disease

Weight management: Despite being high in calories, studies have shown that including nuts in your diet can actually help with weight management, as they are very satiating and can help reduce hunger.

Diabetes prevention: Nuts may help prevent the development of type 2 diabetes, as they are low in carbohydrates and can help regulate blood sugar levels.

Brain function: Nuts are rich in nutrients like vitamin E, which can help improve brain function and reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

There

health

of eating nuts, including:

Reduced inflammation: Some studies have shown that nuts may have anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's disease.

Improved digestion: Nuts are a good source of fiber, which can help improve digestion and promote bowel regularity.

Lower cholesterol: Eating nuts regularly may help lower LDL (bad) cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of heart disease.

Overall, nuts are a great addition to a healthy diet, and can provide a range of health benefits when consumed in moderation.

are many

benefits

DIDYOU KNOW?

Your skin w only is it the largest organ in the body, but it regulates your temperature and defends against disease and infection

FUN FACTS

Laughing is good for the heart and can increase blood flow by 20 percent.

Exercise will give you more energy, even when you’re tired.

Sitting and sleeping are great in moderation, but too much can increase your chances of an early death

Alm

arugula (the three ‘A’s) can boost your sex drive and improve fertility

The average adult human has 206 bones.

An apple the docto y pp can reduce high levels of cholesterol to keep your heart healthy

or playing a musical instrument gives your brain a boost.

sugar levels are more likely to experience cognitive decline.

References

Bajaj, R. H. D., Simar S. (2023, February 1). Promises and pitfalls of ChatGPT-assisted medicine. Retrieved May 26, 2023, from STAT website: https://www.statnews.com/2023/02/01/promises-pitfalls-chatgpt-assistedmedicine/

Dave, T., Athaluri, S. A., & Singh, S. (2023). ChatGPT in medicine: an overview of its applications, advantages, limitations, future prospects, and ethical considerations. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1169595

Heath, S. (2023, May 18). ChatGPT Continues to Prove Useful for Patient Education. Retrieved May 25, 2023, from https://patientengagementhit.com/ website: https://patientengagementhit.com/news/chatgpt-continues-to-prove-usefulfor-patient-education?

utm source=nl&utm medium=email&utm campaign=newsletter

Javaid, M , Haleem, A , & Singh, R P (2023) ChatGPT for healthcare services: An emerging stage for an innovative perspective. BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations, 3(1), 100105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbench.2023.100105

Marr, B. (2023, March 2). Revolutionizing Healthcare: The Top 14 Uses Of ChatGPT In Medicine And Wellness Retrieved May 26, 2023, from Forbes website: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2023/03/02/revolutionizinghealthcare-the-top-14-uses-of-chatgpt-in-medicine-and-wellness/? sh=26ee13086e54

Rampton, J (2023, April 24) The Advantages and Disadvantages of ChatGPT. Retrieved May 25, 2023, from Entrepreneur website: https://www.entrepreneur.com/growth-strategies/the-advantages-anddisadvantages-of-chatgpt/450268

References

Elsherif, M , Moreddu, R , Alam, F , Salih, A , Ahmed, I , & Butt, H (2022)

Wearable Smart Contact Lenses for Continual Glucose Monitoring: A Review.

Https://Www.frontiersin.org/Articles/10.3389/Fmed.2022.858784/Full https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.858784