HOW RESISTANT ARE WE TO A TERRORIST ATTACK? Considering the Bourke Street Attacks last year the fear of terrorism has become a reality within modern society. Restistance to terrorism is an important entity to map as it can provide insights into vulnerable areas within the urban realm. Protection measures such as the installation of bollards and government policy have been pursued to prevent attacks, but these measures often fall short given the scale of the city. This map explores the relationship between high risk terrorism areas within public space against the ability for buildings within Melbourne's CBD to provide resistance and protection if such events were to occur.
PREVIOUS TERROR PLOTS MELBOURNE
2015
Plot to behead police officer on ANZAC day
1
Two counter terrorism police stabbed 1 Blo
Blo
2016
Blo
31.1%
17 year old charged with planning a terrorist attack in Melbourne using homemade explosives
1
2014
of building footprint area is inaccessible as a refuge during a terrorist attack
22.4%
of building footprint area provides low protection during an attack
13.1%
of building footprint area provides low to medium protection during an attack
Police intercept homemade explosives that was to be used in a terrorist in Melbourne 4 men arrested over planned terrorist attack on Federation Square, Flinders Street and St Pauls on Christmas day using knifes and explosives. Man deliberately drives into crowds of people on Bourke St. 6 killed and dozens injured
2017
Man arrested for planned shooting on NYE at Federation Square
1
1
1 Blo
Blo
Blo
(Jason Tin, 2017)
Bourke Street Mall attack by James Gargasoulas on January 20, 2017 (Above) Bollards installed for protection (Left)
10.8%
of building footprint area provides medium protection during an attack
CRITERIA
13.6%
of building footprint area provides medium to high protection during an attack
9.0%
only of building footprint area provides high protection during an attack
RESISTANCE TO TERRORISM
RISK OF TERRORISM The risk of terrorism catergory was determined by the following:
The restistance to terrorism of a a buildings was determined by the following:
>Static activity data obtained from site indicating presence of crowds >Previous terror plot locations >Busy pedestrian intersections and public space >Main thoroughfares
>Permable or opaque interfaces >Materiality of interfaces >Ease of access and multiple entraces >Amout of glazing >Setbacks or blokages providing protection
Dense crowd on the corner of Flinders Street and Swanston Street indicating high risk of terrorism area
LEGEND No Access by the Public 1
High Resistance to Terrorism
The State Library features high density materials such as bluestone and setbacks from the row of columns providing a high protection from the row of columns providing a high
Public Space High Risk of Terrorism
Bl
Melbourne Visitor Centre has high permeability with large areas of glazing , providing minimal protection during a terrorist attack
Low Resistance to Terrorism
Moderate Risk of Terrorism
Morphological Mapping ABPL30051 - Semester 1, 2018 George Avraam 833800
0
100
200
RESISTANCE
FLEEING TO CAMP MELBOURNE District 2 Block 2 & 3 0
1200
1
District 7 Block 22, 24, 23 & 21
1200
Al Zaatari features regular urban forms such as schools and churches which mimic the Melbourne building typology
0
l
District 3 Block 11 & 13
District 11 Block 13, 14, 15 & 16
1200
0
Regular Melbourne city blocks have been kept to provide a comparison between existing and new urban typology
1200
EFFECT The perception of the streetscape is influenced in terms reduced density and an increase in permeability of the urban structure. New flows will emerge as the disjointed and irregular nature Al Zataari framework allows for new pedestrian passages. Areas of interaction such as The State Library and QV will change in terms of social behaviour. They may no longer become desirable given these are engulfed in makeshift shelters, transforming what was public into private. The roads begin to be affected by the urban structure as shelters begin to informally span into these areas influencing access.
0
EXPERIENCE
District 1 Block 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
1200
L
0
Key Melbourne landmarks such as the state library have been kept to provide contrast between existing urban fabric and the irregular forms of Al Zaatari.
District 11 Block 7, 8, 9 & 10
1200
0
METHODOLOGY The methodology was to imbed Al Zataari refugee camps typology through selecting similar blocks found within the camp which match the Melbourne city blocks. Aligning up major roads and laneways to create a new typology which resembles the overall structure of Melbourne but completely fragments the buildings due to the detailed grain of Al Zataari.
AL ZAATARI REFUGEE CAMP
CRITIQUE This map critiques society on the treatment of refugees. This comes in light of deals that are being struck by governments such as between Turnbull and Trump discussing the “resettlement” of refugees from Manus Island to the U.S. Should people’s lives be traded as a type of commodity?
AL ZAATAARI CONTEXT
District 12 Block 1, 2 & 3
1200
0
Syriaa
Given the organic and irregular nature of the urban form of Al Zaatari, the Hoddle grid begins to be broken through the bleeding of building typology into the main streets
Syrian-Jordan Boarder Al Za’atari
Jordan
District 1 Block 6, 7, 8, 9 &10
Syria 1200
0
Al Za’atari Refugee Camp
Iraq
Jordan Saudi Arabia
Egypt
LEGEND District 4 Block 1, 3 , 5, 7 & 9
0 1200
0
Morphological Mapping ABPL30051 - Semester 1, 2018 George Avraam 833800
100
200
One Building Footprintt
URBAN COLLAGE
EX7: EXPERIENTIAL MAPPING - SMELL MAP RUSSEL STREET
3
1 2
Smells are mapped in terms of intensity and direction of movement through space
SMELLS
Negative
1
Smell Sample Location.
Positive Mixed Negative // Cigarette Smoke, Spray Paint, Bins, Car Exhaust, Building Exhaust, Garbage Truck, Toilets. Positive // Tanbark, Freshly-mown grass, Food, Coffee, Fresh Bread, Flowers, Perfume, Petrol, Street Cleaner. Mixed // Different emotional responses or mixes of positive and negative aromas.
4
0
100
200
400m
EX7: EXPERIENTIAL MAPPING - SOUNDS MAP RUSSEL STREET
Sounds were mapped from the source in terms of intensity and reach. Sounds were measured using a decibel recording application
65-70dB
>70dB
SOUNDS
50-65dB
Chatter
Talking, Phone Conversation
Nature
Birds, Trees Rustling, Water flow/fountains
Traffic
Cars, Trucks, Trams, Trains, Street Cleaners
Commercial
Shops, Cafe’s, Advertisements
Construction
Disposal of Rubbish, Hammering, Sawing
CLICK ON THE AUDIO SYMBOL TO PLAY SOUND FROM SITE You may need Adobe Flash Player Download Here: https://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/npapi/
0
100
200
400m
EX7: EXPERIENTIAL MAPPING - SOUND & SMELL SENSORY MAP RUSSEL STREET
QUEENSBERRY ST
PELHAM ST
7:20am
LA TROBE ST
VICTORIA ST
7:42am
65-70dB
8:17am
>70dB
Chatter
Talking, Phone Conversation
Nature
Birds, Trees Rustling, Water flow/fountains
Traffic
Cars, Trucks, Trams, Trains, Street Cleaners
Commercial
Shops, Cafe’s, Advertisements
Construction
Disposal of Rubbish, Hammering, Sawing
Negative
SMELLS
SOUNDS
50-65dB
Positive Mixed
Negative // Cigarette Smoke, Spra Exhaust, Building Exhaust, Garba
Positive // Tanbark, Freshly-mown Fresh Bread, Flowers, Perfume, P
Mixed // Different emotional respo positive and negative aromas.
P
LONSDALE ST
BOURKE ST
COLLINS ST
FLINDERS ST
9:32am
8:36am
9:45am
10:22am
ay Paint, Bins, Car age Truck, Toilets.
n grass, Food, Coffee, Petrol, Street Cleaner.
onses or mixes of
0
100
200
400m
PARKING AFFORDABLE PROPERTIES? ZEDpods within the UK utilise air rights above car parking spaces to provide affordable and sustainable housing. 1
2
HOUSING POPULATION INCREASE
WHY IT SHOULD BE APPLIED?
Increases in one adult households by 2036
40%
32%
4
5,500
single
an
on cati Edu Leisure Social &
Moonee Valley needs an extra person households by 2031.
Flemington
Tr
n me
y
plo
Essendon
11
t
Em Moonee Ponds
sp
ZEDpods $86,000-103,000 Moonee Ponds $336,000 Essendon $316,000 Flemington $291,000 12
or
t
13
14
3X LESS
• ZEDpods provide housing opportunities for first home buyers and workers. They're erected above existing parking spaces connected to amenities, social areas and employment. • ZEDpods lease the air rights above the car park, rather than the car park itself. The car park still provides
TOTAL FLOOR
• ZEDpods are only situated in
2
• ZEDpods within Moonee Valley provide the unique opportunity to reduce urban sprawl and spatial disparities of households. This can be achieved
social,
WHO OWNS THE AIR?
AREA:
22.4m
• Spatial disparities and social exclusion are becoming problematic within Melbourne. Baum and Gleeson's (2010)15 research in relative deprivation highlights this disadvantage where lower income workers are being pushed to the urban fringe16.
• ZEDpods applied within Moonee Valley will accommodated the growing population of one adult households whilst providing access to opportunities of inner-city areas.
HOW FEASIBLE IS IT IN MOONEE VALLEY? 17
10
5
lth Commercial
3
Hea
82%
HOME PRICES 7
POTENTIAL LOCATIONS IN MOONEE VALLEY
19
Can be dissembled
Installed with a forklift
and transported
22
• There are some concerns which may influence the success within Moonee Valley. ZEDpods are smaller than other housing on the market and this small scale living doesn't align with the typical large suburban Australian lifestyle. Its difficult to introduce a cultural change within a society, but emerging generations could be more open to living small given the benefits of the locations. • The double ZEDpods will be better suited within Moonee Valley as this doubles your internal floor space (covering 4 parking bays)18. The design can also 1. ZEDpod. (2017). Solution to the affordable homes crisis (Zed Pod Brochure). Retrieved from http://www.zedfactory.com/zed-pod 2. ZEDpod. (2017). Zed Pod Brochure Catalogue. Retrieved from http://www.zedfactory.com/zed-pod 3. City of Moonee Valley. (2017). Your Neighbourhood Snapshot: Moonee Ponds. Retrieved https://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-5956058-dt-content-rid-22903750_2/courses/ABPL20035_2017_ SM1/Moonee%20Ponds%20 Snapshot%281%29.pdf 4. City of Moonee Valley. (2017). Your Neighbourhood Snapshot: Essendon. Retrieved https://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-5956058-dt-content-rid-22903747_2/courses/ABPL20035_2017_SM1/ Essendon%20Snapshot%281%29.pdf 5. City of Moonee Valley. (2017b). Your Neighbourhood Snapshot: Flemington. Retrieved https://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-5956058-dt-content-rid-22903748_2/courses/ABPL20035_2017_ SM1/Flemington%20Snapshot.pdf 6. ZEDpod. (2017). Solution to the affordable homes crisis (Zed Pod Brochure). Retrieved from http://www.zedfactory.com/zed-pod 7. Pictograph created by Author: Avraam, G. (2017) 8. Jacobs, J. (1961). The Uses of Sidewalks: Safety. In The Death and Life of Great American Cities (pp. 29–54). New York: Vintage Books. 9. Fincher, R., & Iveson, K. (2008). Conceptualizing Encounter in Cities. In Planning and diversity in the city: Redistribution, recognition and encounter (pp. 145–170). New York: Palgrave. 10. Pictograph created by Author: Avraam, G. (2017) 11. Daly, M. (2016). Could a home on stilts above a car park offer a solution to the housing crisis. Retrieved from https://www.domain.com.au/news/could-a-home-on-stilts-above-a-car-park-offer-a-solutionto-the-housing-crisis-20160420-goaj23/ 12. Realestate.com.au. (2017). Moonee Ponds, Victoria 3039. Retrieved from https://www.realestate.com.au/neighbourhoods/moonee%20ponds-3039-vic
2 Day Construction
300
• Dr Alan March from the Melbourne University explained that the Australian planning system doesn't directly regulate decisions such as air rights and anyone could draw up a contract with another party.20 • Governments have the potential to purchase or rent 'air' which can be utilised for housing from private car park owners. Vic Roads for example owns extensive road infrastructure which could be utilised as ZEDpods21. Others include supermarkets or station parking that are privately
Moonee Ponds Gladstone & Pratt St Car Park
24
23
Essendon Station Car Park 25
444
26
13. Realestate.com.au. (2017). Essendon, Victoria 3040. Retrieved from https://www.realestate.com.au/neighbourhoods/essendon-3040-vic 14. Realestate.com.au. (2017). Flemington, Victoria 3031. Retrieved from https://www.realestate.com.au/neighbourhoods/flemington-3031-vic 15. Baum, S., & Gleeson, B. (2010). Space and Place: Social Exclusion in Australia’s Suburban Heartlands. Urban Policy and Research, 28(2), 135–159. doi:10.1080/08111141003693133 16. Whitzman, C. (2017). Cities from Local to Global 2017, Week 6 Lecture - Planning Issues in my City: Spatial Disparities in Melbourne. Retrieved from LMS. 17. ZEDpod. (2017). Zed Pod Brochure Catalogue. Retrieved from http://www.zedfactory.com/zed-pod 18. ZEDpod. (2017). Zed Pod Brochure Catalogue. Retrieved from http://www.zedfactory.com/zed-pod 19. Pictograph created by Author: Avraam, G. (2017) 20. The Age. (2012). Council rules on ‘air rights’ case. Retrieved from http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/council-rules-on-air-rights-case-20120208-1rfd4.html 21. Raynor, K. (2017). Cities: from Local to Global 2017, Addressing Spatial Inequality in Cities: A housing perspective for planners. Retrieved from LMS. 22. Pictograph created by Author: Avraam, G. (2017) 23. Parkopedia. (n.d). Gladstone/Pratt Streets. Retrieved from http://en.parkopedia.com.au/parking/carpark/woolworths/3039/moonee_ponds/?arriving=201705311900&leaving=201705312100 24. Pictograph created by Author: Avraam, G. (2017) 25. Public Transport Victoria. (2013). Essendon Railway Station. Retrieved from https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/stop/view/20037 26. Pictograph created by Author: Avraam, G. (2017) 27. Parkopedia. (n.d). 338 Racecourse Road. Retrieved from http://en.parkopedia.com.au/parking/carpark/pr_newmarket%E2%80%8E_newmarket_plaza/3031/ kensington/?arriving=201705311130&leaving=201705311330
Flemington Racecourse Road Car Park
240
27
CITIES: FROM LOCAL TO GLOBAL POSTER ASSIGNMENT This subject focused on the very local scale (planning issues on my street), to the metropolitan such as planning issues in my city-region and finally international and global scales, in order to examine central issues and processes affecting planning systems in Australia and around the world. The subject covered to current social, economic, environmental, and cultural concerns and their relation to planning policies and practices. My poster was a continuation of two essays that I wrote which focused on achieving affordable housing within the City of Moonee Valley. These essays researched specific mechanisms within planning contexts which could help to provide greater housing access to a wider demographic and provide greater community benefits. Focus areas of these essays include the introduction of density bonuses, mixed land use planning, and brownfield developments. This poster looked into more bold ways of achieving affordability through utilising air rights above car parks to provide smaller transition housing for low income groups. Inspired by ZEDPods in the UK, my poster explored their utilisation within a local context of The City of Moonee Valley. This poster was chosen as one of the Best Urban Planning Posters within the subject ‘Cities: From Local to Global 2017’ and therefore was exhibited within ‘Valley Scenes’ by the Moonee Valley City Council at Flemington Community Centre.
ARCHITECTURAL DES
Studio Earth explored a number of different fundamentals of arch These fundamentals were physical modelled and explored experi fundamentals and theme students were asked to design a pavilio
My project was surround around this idea of ‘Transitions’. Transiti materials to illustrate this change where the ‘secret’ within this pa a time capsule to illustrate my secret which is revealed through th
SIGN STUDIO EARTH
hitecture such as point, line and plane, mass, frame and infill. imentally. The theme of the studio was ‘secrets’, using the on on Herring Island in Melbourne.
ions are changes over time, where I was focused on the decay of avilion is its transiences and constant alteration. I decided to use he decaying of a rock over a 200 year period.
Link to Full Folio
FIRST DAY OF OPENING All materials intact, shiny and metallic
FEW YEARS LATER All materials begin to rust, decay and undergo transitions.
Copper (Cu) Copper undergoes oxidation which is the removal of electrons from the substance. The green colour is formed because when copper reacts with water or air copper carbonate is formed on the surface.
Bronze (Cu + Sn) Tin and copper alloy, which tarnishes because of reactions between the metals within the alloy and metals, salts acids within the Yarra Rivers water. Examples of these are chlorine or sodium
Iron (Fe) Iron rusts because of the formation of Iron Oxide when this metal reacts with oxygen in the presence of moisture.
Zinc (Zn) Zinc under goes oxidation through reaction with oxygen within the air. This forms a dark gray layer on the surface. If the Zinc oxide is scraped away the under surface will be the original shiny metallic Zinc
RELEASING THE SECRET
Situating my site along the waters edge was especially important for the se water to flow down my central hole and slowly erode away this central rock
My secret is a time capsule which is embedded within this rock and will be re
The decay rate of the rock was calculated using data from Christopher Chui the force which was applied to the rocks in the experiment and the time tak falling 10m on to a rock (ie this was the distance from the top of the waterf and therefore calculate the erosion time of a much larger rock. The outcome enough in 200 years.
ecret within the architecture. Having the pavilion at the waters edge allows k.
eleased in approximately 200 years through decay and erosion
i's experiment from the University of Toronto12. From this data I calculated ken to erode them. I then calculated the force created by 2L of water fall to the rock within my design). This allowed me to compared the forces e was that an 80,000kg rock of basalt would almost completely erode
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS FLIP BOOK SECTION
Construction Analysis Flip Book Secti and techniques strategically. Using a anatomy of a building.
My Case study was The Bluff House many standard buildings making both steel framing.
ion explores the idea of construction as a process linking specific principles, materials, elements, systems set of individual buildings as case studies, Construction Analysis will review and explain the physical
by InArc. Situated in a coastal area with poor soil conditions the requirements for construction differed from h interesting and challenging to study. Key features include the bored piers, retaining walls and primary
Studio Air responds aims to explore the impact of computation on the architectural design process. It is solely orientated around exploring literature and design skills which question the future discourse of the design profession. What will be the future of the architect? How will we design differently? The subject orientates itself around using algorithmic style thinking in order to improve design efficiency and outcomes. Plug-ins for Rhino such as Grasshopper 3D and Kangaroo 3D were heavily used within the design process and final outcomes. Throughout this course and through expanding my knowledge of algorithmic design I have come to see the great benefits of designing in this style. What I design is no longer only what I see or can imagine, it can become experimental and forms can be created using computational skills which cannot be constructed in the mind. These skills learned has also improved the efficiency of my design process. Where design and fabrication has become more integrated allowing for the fabrication and nesting of highly complex designs and forms with ease. After this course I have sought to further these skills through my own projects because of its benefits within the design process and how algorithms will influence design in the future.
Link to Full Folio
INTRODUCTION TO #BREAKARCHITECTURE #BreakArchitecture The Internet is a space where success is measured through the metric of views, likes, comments shares and retweets. It is a space in which taste is defined and disseminated to a largest audience of all time. This studio operates under the predicted future that architects no longer have authority over style and a future where celebrity and pop icons will take control of the architectural realm in terms of styles and trends. This studio aims to create a ‘viral architecture’ where we will take styles, ideas and aesthetics from celebrities to design. We each looked at particular ‘dope’ and outlandish’ products which are enriched with a celebrity style which attract the super rich and famous. We dissected how these qualities become a ‘viral’ trend and what qualities from these products can be appropriated within our designs to make architecture a viral phenomenon. Working for the company Le Courvoisier we have been assigned to design an additional product to their signature range ‘The Cabanon’ which appeals to desires, viral culture and consumerism. The Cabanon and the design product will be situated in a location on Merri Creek and appeal to young affluent professionals and offer luxury accommodation.
Le Corbusier’s Cabanon
Le Corbusier’ in the Style of ASAP Rocky’s, Long Live ASAP Album Cover Lil Yachty’s, Custom ICEBOX Rainbow Grillz ($35k)
Tweets Galore!
Lil Yachty’s ‘1 NIGHT’ Music Video clocking over 100 million views ICEBOX Diamond Jewelers boasting Lil Yachty’s new Purchase (left) Nautica and Lil Yachty fashion Colab (Right)
THE ‘VIRAL’ PRODUCT - ICEBOX GRILLZ Our design is inspired by the extravagant style of Lil Yachty, know as the ‘King of Youths’ (On Twitter) he spent $35,000 on the rainbow Icedbox Grillz which is the ‘product’ which has inspired our Iceboxed Archi Lounge design. This product was created and ordered from the jeweller ‘ICEBOX’ which specialises in extravagant custom made and designed diamond encrusted jewellery for many rappers within Atlanta and the wider USA. These Grillz are generally associated with gangsters, rappers and high rollers but are more frequently becoming apparent within pop and celebrity culture. Although these products date back to the ancient Mayan and Greek Empires where gold and jewel covered teeth was a way of displaying social status and power. The grills serve a similar purpose today where people will wear these ‘iced’ products in order to emphasis their wealth, power, status and success. Lil Yachty ordered the grills in order to display his unique character and flavour. Lil Yachty is known for his creation of the unique style of music know as ‘Bubblegum Trap’ which is a fusion of traditional aggressive rap music covering themes of sex, lust, money, drugs and gangster culture but with a cute, bubbly and less aggressive spin on it. It known as a sub-genre of rap music that involves a lighthearted, playful, sometimes cartoonish melody, which is combined with traditional trap beats such as strong snare, kicks, and bass. This is then followed by aggressive lyrics that don’t align with the colourful and cartoonish melodies. This style is distinct within not only his music but Lil Yachtys entire image. We took inspiration from this idea of ‘Bubblegum Trap’ and traditional rap cultures in order to create the Iceboxed Archi Lounge. We aimed to achieve a similar fusion between architectural canons such as the austier and rustic Cabanon and traditional power associated with colonnades with a new blend of colourful and playful architecture which creates a performance through movement. We also wanted to encapsulate this fusion within our marketing materials and narrative where we were inspired from Lil Yachty’s video ‘1Night’ which creates this blend. The quantities that we deduced from the Icebox Grillz and the associated ‘Bubblegum trap’ culture are these ideas of power, wealth, being flashy and performance. Which were qualities that we wanted to encapsulate within our architecture and product design for Le Courvoisier either directly or indirectly.
Lil Yachty’s, Custom ICEBOX Rainbow Grillz ($35k)
EXPERIENCE & USAGE
The Performance in Movement
TECHNICAL DETAILS
FINAL MODEL
DESIGN AND GRAPHICS FOR SUB DIVISION DEVELOPMENT PROPERTY
LEVEL G - FLOOR PLAN
LEVEL 1 - FLOOR PLAN
LEVEL 1 - CORRIDOR
LEVEL 1 - STUDY
LEVEL 1 - LOUNGE
LEVEL G - LOUNGE + DINING
LEVEL G - CARPORT
LEVEL G - LAUNDRY
LEVEL G - GARDEN/DECKING