PROTECTING our SEED DIVERSITY :PROGRAMME
The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture Department 11 2013 Thesis Project: Protecting our Seed Diversity: Programme Professor: Merete Ahnfeldt-Mollerup & Nick Lee George Shi Student No: 5453
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4 INTRODUCTION 6 HISTORY PRE-INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL
10
16 18
CONTEXT
SEED BANKS GLOBAL CROP DIVERSITY TRUST
THESIS STATEMENT SITE
STEVNS KOMMUNE STEVNS FORT
24 INTENT 26
PROJECT FRAME
28 THEORY UNDERGROUND CITY TIME PLANTS + ARCHITECTURE
34 REQUIREMENTS
36 INSPIRATION
44 SPECIFICATION 45 SCHEDULE 46
METHOD
48 DELIVERABLES 50 REFERENCES 52
CURRICULUM VITAE
CONTENTS
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The importance of biodiversity in agriculture is highly critical for the industry, and yet its importance is least recognized by many in the public sector. It is a term used to describe the degree of variation of life forms within a given species, ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. Without diversity in crop species, we increase the risk of repeating catastrophic events including some of histories most devastating famines.The necessity to provide facilities that preserve the seed diversity in agriculture and plant life needs to be prioritized to mitigate the damage of such threats. Of the 7,000 apple varieties that were grown in the 1800s, fewer than a hundred remain. In the Philippines thousands of varieties of rice once thrived; now only up to a hundred are grown there. In China 90 percent of the wheat varieties cultivated just a century ago have disappeared. Experts estimate that we have lost more than half of the world’s food varieties over the past century. However, generated over thousands of years, the genetic diversity contained within the cultivated plant species is immense. Currently, over 6 million accessions - samples - of this diversity are conserved in cold storage facilities in various locations around the world.The need for conserving these seeds and treating them as precious resources are essential to the foundation of protecting future food supplies. The risk of disease or future climate change is too great for a handful of varieties of seeds to sustain a hungry and growing population. If one of the handful of plants we’ve come to depend on to feed our growing planet were to cease, one of those varieties we’ve let go extinct maybe the only solution to reverse a potentially catastrophic famine. Designing a facility to securely house these millions of seeds can make a major contribution to the food and environmental security in the future. Of the 1,400 seed banks around the world, Denmark currently has none.
INTRODUCTION
Depiction of Irish Potato Famine of 1845 - A result of a disease which decimated the highly dependent potato crops.
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The importance of diversity in seeds has been recognized by many indigenous cultures around the world. Before the high commercial demand of the industrial era, indigenous seed played a central role in the rituals and traditions of their respected communities for centuries. As a consequence, a great amount of respect was treated to caring for the seeds, and thus the environment that sustains the survival of these communities. Seed itself is revered as sacred and certain traditional crops are celebrated within the rituals, and used as offerings to the ancestors. It is a ceremonial connection to the land, the soil and the forefathers of the community and to the new generations to come. The rituals, allow a great amount of knowledge to be passed from generation to generation.There lies an understanding of how to produce quality food, containing optimum nutrition and protein when consumed. This tradition was maintained for centuries and under a sustainable manner. Each season, a variation of seeds would be used according to different climate conditions, as the agricultural farmers evolved in their practices, and so to did the seeds material properties adapt to variations in environmental conditions. In many other traditional cultures seed is commonly understood as being symbolic of new life, health, vitality and security. In many rites of passage – from birth to marriage ceremonies, initiation, coming of age and in death – seed is offered as a gesture of thanks, an offering to the ancestors, or to mark new beginnings. The seed used in traditional ritual must be seed which is born from the territory; it must originate from that ecosystem and be part of the indigenous diversity of that place. Traditional ceremonies cannot be conducted with alien species of seed, or new varieties of hybrid seed. A far contrast of agricultural practice today in the western world
HISTORY PRE-INDUSTRIAL
THE DECREASE IN SEED VARIETY
Muskmelon 338
Pea 408
Lettuce
Radish
497
463
Sweet Corn
307
Cabbage
341
544
Squash
408
Tomato
width equals the number of varieties
Beet
285
288
Cucumber
A CENTURY AGO
80 YEARS LATER 17
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79 12
36
27
Seed varieties of ten crop samples in the U.S. over 80 years
25
27
40
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Since industry turned its attention to farming at the beginning of the 20th century, there has been an accelerated interest in agriculture for big businesses. After the first and second world wars in Europe, chemical companies sought to find a new profitable market for their products. They discovered that subtle chemical alterations to explosive and nerve agents enabled them to re-package those war chemicals into fertilizers and pesticides for crops. By combining specific chemical fertilizers and pesticides with hybrid seeds furthered the potential for profit, ensuring that farmers must buy both seed and fertilizer for maximum yield. Increasingly the hybrid seeds were only able to produce a yield once, thereby forcing farmers to buy seed and chemicals each year, and moving farmers away from their traditional practices of seed selection. Although those large corporations are involved, it has also been consumers that have pushed farming to its brink. A 30-year-old plant pathologist named Norman Borlaug traveled to Mexico in 1944 to help fight a stem rust epidemic that had caused widespread famine. Crossing different wheat varieties from all over the world, he arrived at a rust-resistant, high-yield hybrid that helped India and Pakistan nearly double their wheat production—and saved a billion people from starvation. However, over time farmers came to rely heavily on broadly adapted, high-yield crops to the exclusion of varieties adapted to local conditions. Mono-cropping vast fields with the same genetically uniform seeds helped boost yield and meet immediate hunger needs. However, highyield varieties are also genetically weaker crops that require expensive chemical fertilizers and toxic pesticides.The drive to increase production is pushing out local varieties, and diminishing its diversity. The way these seeds are treated as a commodity has caused our traditional perception of seeds to be viewed only as a commodity and not necessarily aligned with the wider cause of feeding mankind.
HISTORY INDUSTRIAL
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With the loss of diversity you lose your security. Because, diversity is synonymous with security. It also means improved livelihood. It means improved nutrition. It means improved division of labour. All this would be lost to one crop.
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Dr Melaku Worrede, Ethiopian plant geneticist and Right Livelihood award winner.
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During World War 2, it was suspected that Hitler was planning an attack on a Russian science laboratory. Many generals speculated that Hitler was seeking Russian technology in weapons, and made considerable efforts to secure these, without considering the safety of the seed bank in the same area.There were few scientists that recognised the importance, and stayed to protect the facility, however Hitler’s primary target was in fact the seed bank.There was an understanding that the ability to control the seed and hence food market was important for the future of human civilization. When genetic diversity is reduced, it is irrecoverable. We not only lose part of our cultural heritage and history, but agriculture’s opportunities to meet the new challenges linked to climate change, population growth and so forth are also reduced. The purpose of the seed vault is to offer a secure stock of seeds around the world including native Danish species. Genebanks (seedbanks) generally work in partnership with other countries, where co-operation is vital in creating a broader diversity in the seeds. Currently, seeds are the centre of many political processes. The rights relating to the genetic material of plants, animals and micro-organisms have been a key issue of contention between the industrial and developing countries. It is also the epicentre of many large corporations as the genetic properties contained within rare seeds hold profitable value to their genetically modified (GM) crops species. The world has become increasingly dependent upon technology-driven, one-size-fits-all solutions to its problems. Yet the best hope for securing food’s future may depend on the ability to preserve locally cultivated foods of the past. Preserving the course of evolution contained within the natural seed genetic property. Within Denmark, only contains a seed collection research office that is located at the Royal Danish Botanical Gardens, in Copenhagen. The current facilities main purpose serves as an educational institute for scholars studying at Copenhagen University.
CONTEXT SEED BANKS
The Global Crop Diversity Trust is the only worldwide response to the funding crisis in many projects around the world. The Trust offers a unique opportunity to put in place a rational and cost-effective system for the conservation of the resources which underpin all agriculture and the world’s future food supplies. The projects outlined around the world, display the efforts of hundreds of countries that are involved, especially those that are in the third world, where seed species are most endangered from natural, political and economical reasons. The urgency in these areas are the basis as to the foundations involvement there.The involvement in the “well-fed” regions are generally projects that either contain rare species of seeds or otherwise contain the political, economical, and social balance required for the safety for storage and facilities for research. Although Denmark is viably stable to contribute, it currently has no involvement in such a sector.
CONTEXT
GLOBAL CROP DIVERSITY TRUST
The Trust’s mission is to ensure the conservation and availability of crop diversity for food security worldwide.
GLOBAL CROP DIVERSITY TRUST
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COLLECTING SEEDS
GETTING PERMISSION
SUMMER
SEED COLLECTION AND EXPEDITIONS
AUTUMN
IDENTIFICATION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT
RECORDING DATA
CLEANING SEEDS
SHIPPING AND PACKAGING
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SEEDS AT THE SEED BANK
SEED IDENTIFICATION
WINTER
RECORDING DATA ABOUT SEEDS
CLEANING SEEDS
DRYING SEEDS
PACKAGING SEEDS
SEEDS IN COLD STORAGE
GERMINATION
SOWING / HARVEST SEEDS
SPRING
A CRISIS IS LOOMING: To feed our growing population, we’ll need to double food production. Yet crop yields aren’t increasing fast enough, and climate change and new diseases threaten the limited varieties we’ve come to depend on for food. Luckily we still have the seeds and breads to ensure our future food supply but we must take steps to save them.
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Propose a seed bank to be located at Stevns Fort, Denmark providing necessary protection from possible human and natural incidences. The project aims, architecturally, to re-envisage current structural elements made by man and compliment the facility with its surrounding landscape.
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THESIS STATEMENT
SITE LOCATION
DANMARK
SWEDEN JUTLAND Copenhagen SJÆLLAND FYN
GERMANY
Map of Denmark
STEVNS
STORSTRØM
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25°C 20°C 15°C
Max Temp.
10°C
Min Temp.
5°C
Yearly Temperature 0°C 25°C -5°C 20°C
January
February
March
15°C
April
May
June
July
August September October November December
Max Temp.
10°C
Min Temp.
5°C 0°C -5°C
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August September October November December
March
April
May
June
July
August September October November December
Yearly Precipitation 12 10 8 6 4 2 12 0 10
January
February
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Stevns is a municipality (Danish Kommune) on the southeast coast of 2 the island of Zealand(Sjælland) in south Denmark. The municipality cov0 January February March April May June July August September October November December ers an area of 247 square kilometres, and has a total population of approximately 21,892. Being a historic town, there are a handful of historical attractions targeted for tourists foreign and domestic. The existing infrastructure benefits logisitical processes between seed collecting areas to the storage facility at minimal costs. 4
The Stevns area contains a unique coastline spanning 42 kilometres long. The chalk that make up the geology of the land mass are more than 60 million years old. The climate in the area has small differences between the seasons. The advantage of the location is the altitude at which the land sits above sea level.This provides suitable conditions for elevating the proposed design against future rising sea levels.
SITE STEVNS KOMMUNE
LOCAL CONTEXT
BØGESKOV HAVN
HOLTUG KRIDTBRUD
MANDEHOVED STEVNS NATURCENTER
STORE HEDDINGE
STEVNS FYR
STEVNSKLINT HØJERUP
STEVNSFORT BOESDAL KALBRUD RØDVIG
Site plan (not to scale)
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STEVNSFORT STEVNS FYR FLAGBANKEN / MANDEHOVED STEVNS KLINT HØJERUP
BOESDAL KALKBRUD
HOLTUG KRITBRUD
SIGERSLEV KRIDTBRUD (PRIVATE) GRÆNSE MED FISKELER
HAV
BRYOZOKALK
SKRIVEKRIDT
40 30 20 10 0 -10 1km
RØDVIG
2km
Stevnsklint elevation
Stevnsfort aerial
3km
4km
5km
6km
7km
8km
9km
10km
11km
12km
13km
14km
BØGESKOV HAVN
Map of Stevnsfort | Cliff just outside the Fort at Stevns | Corridor inside the fort
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Stevnsfort (Fort Stevns) was built as part of the extensions to the Danish coast defences in the early phases of the Cold War. This coastal defence fort was built near the famous cliff, Stevns Klint, between Rødvig and Højerup, in the years 1951-1954. Its purpose was to block the southern seaward approach to Køge Bay, and to protect the minefields in the same area. The fort was in active service from 1953 until 1981, after which it remained in reserve for a number of years. From 1984 and for some years afterwards, the fort was equipped with HAWK anti-aircraft missiles and served as surveillance station until 1999. In 2008 it reopened as the Danish Cold War Museum. 18 metres under the surface. The fort is situated at the end of a cliff, where the drilling started in two tunnels from the beach. Material from the tunnels were simply thrown into the sea. These “foxholes” are still evident from the cliff face. One of the main advantages of the site and natural environment is the chalk that dominates much of the peninsula. The geological property was extremely good at absorbing pressure from both conventional shells and nuclear weapons on the surface. The site offers a good balance between a sense of privacy and presence within its landscape. Within the fortress, there are 1.6 kilometres of corridors designed to accommodate up to 300 men. With the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, and advancements in modern technology, the fort became obsolete and lost its strategic advantage. A museum occupies most of the fort, and operates during 1st April 31st October. The attraction was only recently opened to the public in 2008. The remaining more private areas however, are abandoned, and the intention of this project is to re-use these spaces as a seed bank, and design a new entrance, which connects the private storage areas with the landscape above ground.
SITE STEVNSFORT
SEEDS
Some of the rarest yet most vital seeds from around the world
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The intent of this facility is to establish a seed bank which integrates with the existing infrastructure of Stevnsfort, Denmark. The design aims to create a relationship between a design that was built purposefully in a previous era, with a structure for a global issue relevant to the present and future. It is also important to establish an architectural relationship between the facility underground, and the entrance that is expressed when users first engage the site from the landscape. The significance of time becomes a primary theme in the architecture of the design. The structure of Stevnsfort was purposefully built to ensure and protect the survivors and inhabitants within. A ‘fortification’ that was a necessity through the paranoia during the Cold War period. Although the design intends to protect the survival of seeds and its diversity, the purpose of protection is still very much relevant. The survival of diversity in seeds, enhances the survival of humans as well. The project intends to challenge the relationship between the physical and practical purpose of privacy in a seed facility, with the approachable nature of an entrance space in a public landscape. Given the opportunity to implement various mediums and theory (discussed in latter chapters) the intention of this space should create boundaries that exist naturally and seem unconscious to its users.
INTENT
Existing Relationship
Proposed Relationship
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The project concentrates on the architectural relationship between integrating different contexts in history and present day. The project will frame itself to combining existing structures with the new design addition. There’s also a recognition between the space underground and the landscape above ground. How does the design integrate itself in both spheres of contexts which provide vast contrasts in atmosphere, and what type of architectural presence is first engaged with from the landscape (by sound, sight, or touch?). “...Externalizes all interiority and internalizes all exteriority. There exists infinite depths and expansion. Continuity and discontinuity coexist...” -Sou Fujimoto, Primitive Future The technicality of biology and specific biological research, such as logistics of seeds, optimum storage equipment etcetera will be researched lightly as the emphasis will remain on the architectural perception of the two spaces. The relationship between the two spaces can be managed accordingly through architectural theory (such as art, history and precedents), or methodology (through materials, light, tectonics).
PROJECT FRAME
DOMESTICATION OF DOOMSDAY
Cold War depictions of ‘Doomsday’ bunkers
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In certain strands of psychology, the subterranean and the subconscious ran parallel to one another. During the Cold War period, the paranoia of the underground bunkers emulated, in many ways, the governing structures above ground. The spaces contained became a paradox of both security and insecurity. Where there was the comfort of safe storing possessions, and wealth, it also became a place of fear with associations to burial, and where criminal activity lurks. The atmosphere that the spaces provided within, strongly defined this paradox. Architecturally, it was a space where daylight was not prioritised. During the Cold War, it became socially acceptable to prepare living in bunkers, as there was a surge in domesticating doomsday. Many countries scrambled in creating a metaphorical rabbit hole, where attempts were made to view the underworld as not merely a shelter; it was also the stronghold from which wars would be fought and if not won, at least survived. There were comparisons that “the internal spaces in the new... skyscraper are little different from what they would be a hundred feet below the surface.” Consequently, many viewed the “Underground City” as a space where the reproduction of the environment through machinery was viewed not as an emergency measure, but an everyday condition.
THEORY
UNDERGROUND CITY
Louis-LĂŠopold Boilly, Houdon in His Studio, after 1803
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“Architecture presents the drama of construction silenced into matter, space and light. Ultimately, architecture is the art of petrified silence. When the clutter of construction work ceases, and the shouting of workers dies away, a building becomes a museum of a waiting, patient silence.” Juhanni Pallasma - The Eyes of the Skin The idea of experiencing time through architecture also resonates with the idea of the space emancipating the historical canon contained within it. Architecture presents the ability to enable us to see and understand the passing of history, evident in the monuments of the Egyptian temples and Gothic cathedrals. It is a sense of ‘being’ and ‘existence’ that connects the idea of seeds so closely. Seeds in plants have evolved since the dawn of time. The collection and safe guarding of plants relates heavily to the purpose of the storage facility (seedbank) as well as the existing bunker. Both are essentially built to last forever, a time frame that is too infinite to fathom. Through architecture, there is a singular experience in the sense of being from the collective memory of the past. The Enlightenment period portrayed many interior spaces within that era. There are strong portrayals of the atmosphere within these spaces, in particularly, highlighting the paintings and sculptures that surround the centre figure/s. The interior spaces of the (commonly) bourgeois class showcased a historical time-line of the history that they were painted in. Spaces immediately associated itself with that of the past. A sense of collection in the past, enlightened a new way of thinking for the future.
THEORY TIME
Architecture by Richard Leplastrier and Glenn Murcutt
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The typical perception of plants and architecture would commonly be categorised under two separate entities. Junya Ishigami however, has chosen to consider them both at the same level. The plants present an environment of nearly the same scale and equal value as the built structures. There is no hierarchy, allowing the relationship between the built environment and landscape to be more abstract. Blurring the boundaries between the landscape that surrounds the built project will allow the opportunity for a sense of security to shield from external dangers. Yet it also bridges a gap between dividing walls, as the changing landscape has the ability to blur the walls, giving a gradual transition of spaces (public and private). Over the course of history, the relationship between plants and architecture has been pushed and pulled back and forth. “Wooden construction was retained in classical detailing. Witness the acanthus leaf scrollwork of Corinthian capitals. Likewise Egyptian builders looked to papyrus and palm fronds, while their American counterparts incorporated corn motifs into columns. The Art Nouveau movement drew upon plants for inspiration for architectural ornament” in particularly with the technological advancements in metal, and steel. Sou Fujimoto writes “Architecture is a garden with a roof. A garden is architecture without a roof.” Australian architects Glenn Murcutt and Richard Leplastrier has built many projects with strong consideration to spatial coherence which is supported by the careful use and treatment of materials - everything is conceived within the context. Both believe in a creative simplicity that gives room for life and invites nature to be present. With roots in the ancient aboriginal culture of leaving no traces behind, Richard Leplastrier asks fundamental questions about our conception of ‘existence.’
THEORY PLANTS + ARCHITECTURE
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To meet the practical standards of such a facility, the requirements recognise the specificity necessary. -
The facility should be designed to last essentially “forever�. The materials should be sourced locally that are known to age well with time.
- The facility should provide high technical standards for conservation. Thus be designed to offer effective, long-term conservation even without human assistance that would ordinarily be available. The design should engage well with its site and maximise the environment through passive design strategies. -
The location and facility should offer robust, credible protection against natural and human-induced accidents as well as deliberate attempts at sabotage.
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The facility should provide the capacity to store both the original accessions deposited now, and future regenerated samples of these accessions deposited later.
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Operating and management procedures should be simple, efficient, and transparent, and not require significant administration, staffing or maintenance.
REQUIREMENTS
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Heatherwick Architects UK Pavilion, Seed Cathedral Shanghai Expo 2010 Heatherwick Studio’s initial design strategy for the UK Pavilion established three aims to meet the FCO’s key expectation that the pavilion should become one of the five most popular attractions at the Expo. The first aim was to design a pavilion whose architecture was a direct manifestation of what it was exhibiting. The second idea was to ensure a significant area of open public space around it so visitors could relax and choose either to enter the pavilion building, or see it clearly from a calm, non-queuing vantage point. And thirdly, it would be unique among the hundreds of other competing pavilions, events and programmes. The design of this pavilion is very evocative. The surreal nature of the design allows its users to engage it in such a way of curiosity, which provides a subtle platform in educating the users on the seeds that make up its primary entity. The interior in particular displays an array of different species of seeds which reminds me of the enlightenment period, where it almost forces participants to see a whole canon of what is on display. Where during the enlightenment, many artworks or pieces will fill the room to suggest history or science, in this case the complete canon of seeds.
INSPIRATION
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MultiConsult A/S Svalbard Global Seed Bank Svalbard, Norway, 2008 The Svalbard Global Seed Bank has been one of the primary and initial inspirations for my enthusiasm in designing a seed bank for Denmark. The research conducted and its purpose especially is a topic that is of great significance to our understanding of how diversity is imperative to our food production and quality, in the present and future tense. Architecturally, the front entrance especially is very evocative. The articulation of strange elements, both in the seeds that it protects and the facility itself relates parallel to one another. The function of this facility is to first provide security and privacy from any threats that might occur, but it is also significant in how the building is approached from the landscape, when people were to engage the building. The facility has been coined as the ‘doomsday vault’ referring to its Noah’s Ark type function.
INSPIRATION
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Tezuka Architects + Masahiro Ikeda Co. Echigo-Matsunoyama Museum of Natural Science Niigata, Japan The materials used for the Echigo-Matsunoyama Museum of Natural Science is particularly interesting for the project in Stevns.The structure, a 160m-long Cor-ten steel tube, was designed to resist the pressure brought by accumulated snowfall in the winter (1,500kg/m2). Visitors walking through the building can see large sections of snow through giant acryl windows. The opportunity for the aesthetic of a building to change according to its surrounding environment is very much akin the to the type of ‘adaptable’ nature of a seed bank. It is interesting that both spaces from the interior to exterior, and exterior to interior changes dramatically. The contrast from an open space inside with large windows viewing over large vistas of forest, to a closed in space from the snow creates a type of relationship between building and nature. The viewing tower that creates the hierarchy to the building also expresses this evocative personality seen with Svalbard and the Seed Cathedral. The ambiguity is expressed through the materials, where its ambiguity, over time, will integrate with the environment as the cor-ten steel material changes its colour.
INSPIRATION
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Stanton Williams Architects Millennium Seed Bank in Kew Botanical Gardens Wakehurst Place, West Sussex The Millennium Seed Bank in Kew Botanical Gardens is one of the largest storage facilities in the world. Although Svalbard is designed for a “doomsday” event, the Millennium seed bank is focused on global plant life faced with the threat of extinction and of most use for the future. The facility has successfully banked 10% of the world’s wild plant species and the organisation plans to save 25% by 2020. The transparency between the research, and public circulation is particularly of interest. The plan is designed in a way which opens a sense of curiosity with users. However, in section, it is evident that the functions that serve below ground are private and discretely hidden. With this project, it will be important to clearly separate private and public spaces, in particularly between levels. How this relationship is treated and what is integrated between the two levels is an investigation that intends to lead the direction of the design.
INSPIRATION
SEED STORAGE CAPACITY
Svalbard Global Seed Bank, Norway
2.5 million
Millennium Seed Bank, UK
1 million
Proposed Danish Seed Bank
500,000
Danish Botanical Garden
20,000
Royal Botanic Gardens, NSW, Australia
10,000
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STRUCTURE
Reinforced concrete vault min 600mm thick Size of containment structure approx.15m x 53m x 6m Structural integration with existing fort Excavation required Geo-technical Analysis (soil integrity)
EXTERIOR
Loading bay Small parking area with access Integration between entrance and surrounding environment
SPACES
SECURITY
Small reception - 15m2 Working area - 20m2 Research space - 25m2 Single entrance space - 20m2 Storage facility - 600m2 Security boundary Security airlock doors in corridors Separation between research/admin spaces and vault
AIR HANDLING SYSTEM
Maintained at optimum constant -18C Refrigeration Equipment Compressors Condensers Evaporators Generator room - 15m2
SPECIFICATION
FINAL SUBMISSION PRESENTATION LAYOUT FINAL MODEL LASER CUT 1:100 MODEL
RENDERS
WEEK 19 CRIT
FINAL DRAWINGS
Design Drawings 1:50 Physical Model Tests 1:50 Presentation Schematic 3D Images
1:20 DETAILING
ENGINEER CONSULT
COMPUTER DRAWINGS
LIGHT INVESTIGATION MATERIAL INVESTIGATION
WEEK 14 CRIT
Schematic Computer Drawings 1:100 Material Model Tests 1:20 + 1:1 Physical Model Tests 1:100 + 1:500
SCHEDULE
MATERIAL INVESTIGATION 1:100 SKETCH PLAN ELEVATION SECTION
SITE VISIT
WEEK 10 CRIT
SCHEMATIC DESIGN
Site Model 1:500/1:1000 Programme Research Sketch Drawings 1:200 + 1:100 Design Models 1:1000 LASERCUT MODEL 1:1000 SITE PLAN
SITE ANALYSIS SEED RESEARCH SITE VISIT
PROGRAMME DEADLINE
24/05 23/05 22/05 21/05 20/05 19/05 18/05 17/05 16/05 15/05 14/05 13/05 12/05 11/05 10/05 09/05 08/05 07/05 06/05 05/05 04/05 03/05 02/05 01/05 30/04 29/04 28/04 27/04 26/04 25/04 24/04 23/04 22/04 21/04 20/04 19/04 18/04 17/04 16/04 15/04 14/04 13/04 12/04 11/04 10/04 09/04 08/04 07/04 06/04 05/04 04/04 03/04 02/04 01/04 31/03 30/03 29/03 28/03 27/03 26/03 25/03 24/03 23/03 22/03 21/03 20/03 19/03 18/03 17/03 16/03 15/03 14/03 13/03 12/03 11/04 10/03 09/03 08/03 07/03 06/03 05/03 04/03 03/03 02/03 01/03 28/02 27/02 26/02 25/02 24/02 23/02 22/02 21/02 20/02 19/02 18/02 17/02 16/02 15/02 14/02
100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01
21
Presentation Layout period. Final design models. Collation of research into presentation.
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20 19
Finalise Drawings on computer with Presentation plans available for critique. 1:50 and 1:20 drawings completed, as well as sketch models.
18 17 16 15 14
Test models at 1:100 with investigation in geotechnics and structural consultant. Strong investigation into materials suitable for design proposal.
13
METHOD 12 11 10 9 8 7
Site Analysis and Site models will be made early with the use of GIS data. Sketch designing with pen and paper, with frequent site visits to Stevns. Continued research on seed/biodiversity.
PRESENTATION PLAN
2000mm
SITE ANALYSIS
DIAGRAMS
SEED BOOK
PROCESS PROGRAMME
SITE PLAN
PLAN
ELEVATION
ELEVATION
ELEVATION
ELEVATION
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
RENDERS
3000mm
PROCESS MODELS
SITE MODEL
DESIGN MODEL
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DRAWN: 1:1000 Site Plan 1:200 / 1:100 Plan 1:200 / 1:100 Sections 1:200 / 1:100 Elevations 1:50 Plan 1:20 Details Perspective Visuals MODELS:
DELIVERABLES 1:1000 / 1:500 Site Model 1:200 / 1:100 Design Model Sketch Models Concept Models Material Investigation Models
WEBSITES http://www.kew.org http://www.croptrust.org The Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture + Fisheries Danish Agriculture + Food Council (Danish Seed Council) Botanical Garden and Museum at Kew Global Crop Diversity Trust website http://www.dmi.dk/eng/index/forecasts.htm
VIDEO
REFERENCES
Seeds of Freedom documentary Cary Fowler TED talk Samsara
ASSOCIATIONS Hans Wilhelm, Royal Danish Botanical Gardens, Copenhagen. Stevns Kommune Stevnsfort Information Centre
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ARTICLES National Geographic article New York Times article The Economist article Stevns tourist brochure
BOOKS Herzog + De Meuron: Natural History Juhani Pallasma: The Eyes of the Skin Peter Zumthor: Thinking Architecture William McDonough + Michael Braungart: Cradle to Cradle Junya Ishigami: Small Images Sou Fujimoto: Primitive Future Takaharu + Yui Tezuka: Architecture Catalogue Takaharu + Yui Tezuka: Nostalgic Future Tom Vanderbilt: Survival City, Adventures among the ruins of Atomic America Thomas Heatherwick: Making Ilan Ron: Passive Elements in Danish Architecture
REFERENCES
TERTIARY EDUCATION 2012-2013 Master of Architecture Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, Copenhagen, Denmark 2010-2011 Master of Architecture University Of Melbourne: Melbourne School of Design, Parkville, Australia 2007-2009 Bachelor of Environmental Design University of Western Australia: Architecture, Landscape + Visual Arts, Crawley, Australia
CURRICULUM VITAE
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EMPLOYMENT HISTORY Feb 2012 – Aug 2012 Braham Architects, Assistant Architect Fremantle, Western Australia Duties included: Designing schematics through plan, elevation, section and modeling. October 2011 - Dec 2011 Santa Bakhita Health Clinica, Aid Worker Aileu District, Timor-Leste (East Timor) Duties included: Advising local community construction projects, assisting with labour July 2011 - October 2011 GN-International, Junior Architect Designer Shanghai, China Duties included: Conceptual design, schematic design, hand-modeling, computer-modeling, and detail planning
CURRICULUM VITAE