Accelerating Next-gen Infra

Be it transport arteries connecting far-flung regions,or the integrated development of worldclass ports,railway corridors and waterways, Indian infra is gaining brisk momentum.

INSIDE

 Redefining AEC Across Project Lifecycle Pg 14

 Geospatial Fosters Multi-Modal National Master Plan Pg 24

 Unsmarting Smart Cities Pg 32

Editor-in-Chief Sanjay Kumar

Managing Editor

Prof. Arup Dasgupta

Associate Editor

Aditya Chaturvedi

VOLUME: 02 / ISSUE: 04

COVER STORY

Redefining AEC Across Project Lifecycle

INTERVIEWS

Assistant Editor

Nibedita Mohanta

Sub Editors

Sachin Awana

Jeffy Jacob

Chief Designer

Subhash Kumar

Visualizers

Pradeep Chauhan

Saurabh Srivastava

Circulation

Harendra Rawat

Vijay Singh

CASE STUDIES

40 / Charting Indo-US Space Cooperation

10 / Building World-Class Infra Connectivity In India

General Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM, (Retd.)

Union State Minister in the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) and Ministry of Civil Aviation

Dr. Surendra Ahirwar

Joint Secretary, Logistics & Trade, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, GoI

48 / Made In India

28 / Use of GIS for Highway Maintenance & Construction Planning

30 / Google Maps Solves Urban Mobility Challenges in Indian Cities Unsmarting Smart Cities

46 / GDMA Uses Geospatial Technology for Sustainable Urban Development

Disclaimer

/

47 / Lake Monitoring System for Sustainable Irrigation

Geospatial Artha does not necessarily subscribe to the views expressed in the publication. All views expressed in this issue are those of the contributors. Geospatial World is not responsible for any loss to anyone due to the information provided. Owner, Publisher & Printer: Sanjay Kumar

Prof. Arup Dasgupta arup@geospatialworld.net Managing Editor

The Clock is Ticking

July and August have been very unkind to the world. Wildfires, high temperatures, drought are some of the adverse impacts. Make no mistake, this is Climate Change brought on by Global Warming.

In India, monsoons have wreaked havoc in many areas, with the destruction of infrastructure such as roads, bridges, hotels and people’s habitats, which led to inhabitants as well tourists stranded without access to food, electricity, and water.

The unplanned development of Joshimath and its dire consequences were an early warning of things to come, especially with regards to what’s happening in the Lower Himalayas.

All of this brings to fore the importance of resilient infrastructure that can withstand extreme climate related stresses.

Giving the go-by or paying lip service to environmental issues and climate change is resulting in this mess. Infrastructural planning and implementation needs to take into account environmental factors and the destructive power of a changing climate.

In this context, the importance of clear and comprehensive information on matters of environment and changing climate is essential for the planning and execution of infrastructure projects. Such information can only be provided by geospatial systems supported by comprehensive data acquisition from sensors and people.

All agencies involved in infrastructure planning, execution and monitoring must make use of modern data acquisition systems and geospatial analytics.

There seems to be some catching-up as the growth trends in AEC illustrate. Marquee government infra schemes such as Gati Shakti are a step in the right direction, and Integration of different methodologies such as BIM with GIS is clearly the way forward.

Creating Digital Twins, using the power of Lidar scanning and satellite and aerial imagery, will create an information base through which all activities can be planned, executed and monitored. It is also important to understand the role of citizens and involve them in a two-way interaction for data and for evaluation of plans.

There is a need to combine different initiatives under a common goal of resilience to climate change. Separate activities like Smart Cities, Infrastructure, Environment need to be part of a holistic approach because there will be compromises to find acceptable solutions balancing conflicting needs of various sections of government, industry and citizens.

A common database, populated with curated data from different sources which can be accessed by all sections of society is needed. Analytics will play a major role and the use of techniques of Big Data and Artificial intelligence must be brought into play.

The real challenge is to plan for an ever changing future. Linear projections must be replaced by lateral thinking.

Chennai gets India’s first Police Drone Unit

Chennai Police Department has established a ‘Drone Police Unit’ to monitor large gatherings, real-time checking of vehicle registration data, and identifying suspects.

Outgoing Tamil Nadu Director General of Police (DGP) C Sylendra Babu inaugurated the project. According to a press release from Greater Chennai Police, the cost of the project is approximately Rs3.6 crore.

In this unit, a total of nine drones are available under three categories: Quick Response Surveillance Drone (6), Long Range Survey Wing Place (2), and Heavy Lift Multirotor Drone (1). All these drones are AIenabled and can be deployed up to 5-10 km from the ground station.

Allterra and NeoGeo Win Karnataka's Land Mapping Contract

Allterra and NeoGeo has got the drone-based Land Parcel Mapping contract from Karnataka government through an open tender process.

The project covers an area of 68,000 sq km in 10 districts – Gadag, Koppal, Kodagu, Chamarajanagar, Chikkamagaluru (Chikmagalur), Vijayapura (Bijapur), Yadgir, Raichur, Bidar, Kalaburagi (Gulbarga). Aereo (formerly Aarav Unmanned Systems) will be the technology partner for both geospatial organizations.

In a statement, Aereo said the project envisages the deployment of around 60 survey-grade Post Processing Kinematic (PPK) drones to capture highresolution images to produce maps with a resolution better than 5 cm per pixel. On an average, the drone fleet will map an area of 1,75,000 acres in a day.

The Department of Survey Settlement and Land Records (SSLR) will use these Ortho-Rectified Images (ORIs) to prepare digital land parcel maps that will play a vital role in ground truthing updating landing ownership records, and enabling infrastructure development across the state.

Pixxel Space Inks MoU with Agriculture Ministry

The Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare signed a MoU with Pixxel Space India. It aims to develop various geospatial solutions on free of cost basis for the Indian Agriculture Ecosystem using Pixxel’s hyperspectral datasets.

The aim of the project is to leverage hyperspectral data sampled from Pixxel’s path finder satellites to develop analytical models focused on crop mapping, crop health monitoring, crop stage discrimination and soil organic carbon estimation.

Government will develop use cases with hyperspectral data provided by Pixxel. MNCFC (Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre) on behalf of the DA&FW (Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare) will associate with Pixxel team to develop and implement suitable methodologies.

Secretary, DA&FW expressed that such collaboration with a young startup company would go a long way in developing innovative geospatial solutions using advanced satellite imaging technology. The new technology will reduce reliance on manual surveys and measurements which are time consuming and prone to errors.

ISRO to Transfer SSLV to Private Sector

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that it will transfer its Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) to the private sector. SSLV is intended to provide on-demand services for launching satellites weighing less than or equal to 500 kg into a low-earth orbit. To facilitate the transfer of SSLV to industry, ISRO has opted for the bidding route.

SSLV, the sixth launch vehicle and has already carried out two development flights, in August 2022 and February 2023. In August last year, the maiden flight of the SSLV was interrupted due to vibration disturbance for a short duration on the Equipment Bay deck during the separation of the second-stage.

In February, ISRO successfully launched SSLV and positioned ISRO's EOS07 satellite, Janus-1 from US-based firm Antaris', and Chennai-based space start-up Space Kidz’s AzaadiSAT-2 into a 450-km circular orbit.

Chandrayaan-3 Takes Off for Lunar Exploration

India is set to make its second attempt at landing a spacecraft on the moon with the Chandrayaan3 mission. The launch on July 14 was carried out successfully with the lander and rover projected to land after 42 days.

The first attempt had been unsuccessful as Chandrayaan -2’s lander and rover crashed on the moon’s surface during the last stage of descent. If Chandrayaan – 3 lands successfully, India will become only the fourth country in the world – After the US, China, and Russia to have done so.

Beginning with Chandrayaan – 1 which was launched in 2008, ISRO’s moon missions have been aimed at lunar explorations. It made more than 3,400 orbits around the moon and was operational for at least 312 days.

With Chandrayaan – 2, ISRO planned to send a lander and rover that would’ve been stationed on the moon for exploration activities. It was launched in July 2019 and was only a partial success due to the lander’s crashing at the last stage. Chandrayaan – 3 looks to rectify the mistakes of the past and demonstrate India’s growing

technical space capabilities. The lander and rover have been studded with 4 scientific payloads that will study lunar quakes, changes in plasma near the moon’s surface, thermal properties of the lunar surface, and passive experiments to help accurately measure the distance between Earth and the moon.

Russia Launches Luna-25 to Find Water on the Moon

Russia launched its first moon-landing spacecraft in 47 years on August 11, a bid to be the first nation to make a soft landing on the lunar South Pole, where scientists believe water ice may be present.

The Luna-25 lander blasted off from the Vostochny cosmodrome in eastern Russia and is expected to reach the moon on August 21.

The lander will spend a year on the lunar

surface, collecting data and searching for water ice. Carrying 31 kg (68 pounds) of scientific equipment, with a mass of 1.8 tons, Luna-25 will take rock samples from a depth of up to 15 cm to test for the presence of frozen water.

Roscosmos said that it would take five days to fly to the moon with the craft spending 5 to 7 days in lunar orbit before descending to one of three possible landing sites near the South Pole.

Forest Conservation Amendment Bill Aims to Accelerate National Projects

The Central Government is to address the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill, 2023 during the Monsoon Session in Parliament. A Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) responsible for reviewing the proposed law has adopted its report. The JPC's chairperson, Rajendra Agarwal, asserted that the bill has the panel's complete endorsement.

The Bill, seeking to amend the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, aims to exempt certain lands from legal oversight to expedite strategic and security-related projects of national importance.

Under the proposed law, forest land within 100 km of India's international borders, including the Line of Actual Control (LAC), would be excluded to facilitate government usage for national security, public roads, and strategic projects. Additionally, protection for forests situated along governmentmaintained railway lines or public roads would be removed.

Furthermore, the Bill grants the government the authority to construct check posts, fences, bridges, and establish zoos, safaris, and eco-tourism activities within forests, as per the Forest Working Plan/Wildlife Management Plan/ Tiger Conservation Plan.

Data Protection Bill to Strengthen Privacy Rights

The Union Cabinet approved the draft of the Data Protection bill with the Indian government to introduce the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022, during the upcoming Monsoon session of Parliament.

The bill aims to safeguard personal data and establish a comprehensive data governance framework for the country. It comes six years after India's Supreme Court recognized privacy as a fundamental right. Designed to address issues between the government and social media giants, it has provisions to protect data of Indian consumers and impose penalty on those violating it.

A board would be setup for deciding penalties, with a maximum fine of INR 250 crore.

NITI Aayog Unveils India's Path to Net-Zero Energy Future

NITI Aayog has unveiled the latest version of India Energy Security Scenarios (IESS 2047 V3.0), named IESS 2047, aimed at evaluating the combined impact of various green energy policies implemented by the Government of India.

This open-source tool incorporates a range of policies concerning alternative energy resources like Green Hydrogen, Energy Storage, Renewable Purchase Obligations, PM-KUSUM, offshore wind strategy, Electric Vehicle policy, and Energy efficiency. By analyzing energy demand and supply across the country, the tool assesses emissions, cost, land, and water requirements up to the year 2047.

The flexible nature of IESS 2047 enables ministries and departments to formulate diverse net-zero strategies. It reduces India's reliance on external agencies for energy estimates.

Shri BVR Subrahmanyam, CEO of NITI Aayog, referred to IESS as a national asset, highlighting its significance for sustainable planning and policymaking at both the national and state levels.

Roscosmos Invites BRICS Countries To Join Space Station Development RBI selects McKinsey and Accenture to Deploy AI for Better regulatory Supervision

The head of Russia's space agency, Roscosmos DirectorGeneral Yuri Borisov has offered BRICS group - Brazil, India, China and South Africa - to build a module for their planned orbital station, a news agency reported.

The discussion was held in a BRICS meeting on space cooperation in Hermanus, South Africa, among the heads of the space agencies of BRICS. The meeting stated that the first module of the Russian Orbital Station (ROS) will be launched in 2027, and its construction will be completed by 2032, reports by Intermax.

By then, the International Space Station, which is jointly operated by several countries, is likely to be shut down by the end of 2030.

Last August, Roscosmos said that its new space station would consist of six modules and a service platform, to accommodate up to four cosmonauts, and be built in two phases. No date was given in this.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has selected McKinsey and Company India LLP and Accenture Solution Pvt Ltd to develop Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) incorporated systems for supervisory functions.

This move would improve regulatory supervision over banks and NBFCs country-wide. A contract worth Rs91 crore has been awarded to McKinsey and Accenture, as per an RBI document.

The development has come to fruit in lieu of RBI expressing interest for engaging consultants who could deploy advance analytics, AI, and ML to generate supervisory inputs last year.

However, the central bank has already been using AI and ML in its supervisory process. It now intends to expand it and rake in the benefits of advanced analytics. These technologies can be used for real-time data reporting and effective data management.

With generative AI coming into the picture recently and becoming a behemoth, many regulatory and supervisory bodies have incorporated techniques in order to elevate their work.

With generative AI coming into the picture recently and becoming a behemoth, many regulatory and supervisory bodies have incorporated techniques in order to elevate their work.

Google Invests $10 Billion in Gujarat’s New Smart City

American tech giant Google is set to open its global fintech operations centre in Gandhinagar after investing $10 billion in Gujarat International Finance Tech-City (GIFT). The announcement came after Google CEO Sundar Pichai met Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Washington DC. The venture would be big push for the GIFT City which looks to become the next global fintech hub.

While announcing the global fintech centre, Pichai emphasised on cementing India’s fintech leadership thanks to technologies such as UPI and Aadhar. The GIFT City is a fast-growing financial hub with at least 35 entities and two international stock exchanges trading an average volume of $30 billion daily.

BUILDING WORLD-CLASS INFRA CONNECTIVITY IN INDIA

In a conversation with Geospatial Artha, General Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM, (Retd.), the Union State Minister in the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) and Ministry of Civil Aviation, shares the vision and commitments of the ministry, future plans for India’s highway sector and the usage of geospatial technology in the development of India’s infrastructure.

In the past few years, a lot has been done to expand infra connectivity. India now has the second largest roadways network in the world, and highway connectivity extends to far-flung regions. What is the future focus of your ministry for the 75th year of independence and beyond?

We remain steadfast in our commitment to build world-class roads and highways in India, and to make road commute for the citizens faster, safer, and efficient. Access and connectivity is the fulcrum of socio-economic development as well as national cohesion, integration, and imbuing a sense of belonging.

India's road network today, at 6,331,791 kms is world's second largest, more than China and second only to the United States of America. We endeavour to expand roadways and national highways across the length and breadth of the country. Building road networks and highways as per the best of global standards is a key priority for the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH).

In this Digital Era, technology is everywhere. We embed Information Technology and Geospatial Solutions for better stakeholder engagement, and offering hassle-free online services to the people. Through an investment of Rs10,000 crore, we aim to extend the highway length by more than 12,000 kms in the year 2023-2024. Enhancing road safety is also one of our core priorities. We are instituting signage standardization on leading expressways of the country, which would soon be extended to all the highways.

With 44 high-class expressways, road travel in India has been thoroughly reimagined. We have an enviable road and highway infra today that meets a lot of global qualitative benchmarks.

In line with PM Modi's vision of inclusive development, we aim to promote green highways with participation of the community, farmers, private sector, and other government institutions.

Please give a brief overview of the state of Indian road infra network in terms of enabling access and opportunities?

In 2020-2021, despite the pandemic-induced slowdown, the average speed of National Highway construction was 37 km per day, which is more than 12,000 kms a year. We continue to build durable roads at a record-breaking pace, with the objective to build over 2 lakh kms of National Highways by 2025. Innovative schemes such as PM GatiShakti and Bharatmala Pariyojna are true gamechangers in infra connectivity that will unveil immense opportunities for a lot of sectors, improving the livelihood of the people.

Unified, multimodal, integrated transit that leaves no one behind is one ultimate objective. Over the years, we have infused a new breath of life to the country's highways, which were plagued by a lack of private investment and maintenance. Through a participative approach, taking everyone along, and an unflagging attitude to quality, standards, and public safety we will extend connectivity to the remotest last mile.

6,331,791 kms

Unified, multimodal, integrated transit that leaves no one behind is one ultimate objective. Over the years, we have infused a new breath of life to the country's highways, which were plagued by a lack of private investment and maintenance.

At whopping $10 trillion, the outlay for Bharat Mala is already the largest in the world for any road construction. Earlier, high freight and logistic corridor cost often deterred investors and hobbled the enterprising capabilities of our talented youth. With the dynamism and ease of PM GatiShakti, all of that is soon going to be past.

Once the logistic costs in the country are progressively slashed, through multi-modal integration, it will give a tremendous boost to entrepreneurship and economic development.

Recently in a meeting with the Swedish Minister for Infrastructure and Housing, you discussed about cooperating with Sweden on air traffic management, rural connectivity and ways to reduce carbon footprints, please shed some light on the same.

India is planning to work with Sweden especially in enhancing connectivity in rural areas because both the countries are large and face similar challenges when it comes to connecting the remote places. To do that, India is planning to invest in infrastructure and aviation and develop electric airplanes or small planes run on biofuel for short-haul, which are in developing phase right now and will be in the market in the next five years. These small flights can have a range for 800 kilometers with the seating capacity of 25 passengers.

We are working to promote aviation in a sustainable way while connecting the rural areas. India is already investing in building new airports and increasing capacity, while looking for ways to reduce carbon emissions.

India has plans to develop 100 airports by 2024 under the Regional Connectivity scheme (RCS)- UDAN infra-

structure scheme. Moreover, Delhi, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Guwahati, Ahmedabad, Mangaluru airports are being modernised and upgraded.

Airport Authority of India (AAI) and other airport operators have targeted capital outlay of approximately Rs98,000 crore in the airport sector across India by 2025 for the construction of Greenfield Airports and new terminals, expansion and modernization of existing terminals and strengthening of runways, among other activities. Out of this, more than Rs25000 crore capital expenditure is incurred by AAI and private airport operators and developers.

New airports will be developed in the next five years, which includes construction of Greenfield Airports at Navi Mumbai in Maharashtra, Vijayapura, Hassan and Shivamogga in Karnataka, Noida (Jewar) in Uttar Pradesh,

New road infrastructure projects announced in Delhi to decongest the city's roads.

Dholera and Hirasar in Gujarat and Bhogapuram in Andhra Pradesh.

How crucial is geospatial technology for your ministry?

Geospatial technologies have been playing a pivotal role in the development of highways, as well as, in up-keeping them. Technologies such as Earth Observation, GPS, Remote sensing, and UAV devices are aiding end-to-end construction, operations, and maintenance of highways.

The government has taken crucial steps to embed these technologies into the infrastructure projects around the country. We are now seeing GIS, 3D modelling and BIM, and drones being used ever-so-widely to streamline the workflow and bring efficiency.

For example, drones were extensively used during the construction phase of the DelhiMeerut highway for site surveying, progress monitoring, and quality control.

These technologies collectively enable optimal route planning, real-time surveillance of road conditions, efficient asset

management, and agile disaster responses. Ultimately, their integration yields a safer, well-organized, and adaptive highway network that caters to India's evergrowing infrastructure demands.

What are the pre-requisites for the successful adoption of geospatial technologies in the Indian highway construction industry especially under the framework of PM Gatishakti?

Though quite a few geospatial technologies have already found place in the Indian highway construction industry but there are still some challenges. For the successful adoption of geospatial technologies, we are addressing the challenges by creating digital awareness and pushing the stakeholder to improve their engagement.

We are using geospatial

technologies to create a 3D model of the project that can be shared between all stakeholders, to allow better collaboration and coordination between all.

Integrating on-site technology solutions with off-site platforms can transform the approach to infrastructure projects, benefiting all stakeholders.

Numerous efforts are being taken by the government on decarbonising, which include the adoption of alternative and flex fuels, green highways, airports running on renewable energy, hydrogen cell technology, and electric vehicles, and PM GatiShakti plan.

The standards are changing, and if we need to keep up with the type of goals that we have laid out, then we have to change our mind sets.

To ensure that India achieves the target of $5 trillion economy the country needs to invest 5 times more in infrastructure development. The government is looking into creating common utility corridors to ensure speedy transportation, lower fuel costs and cost effectiveness. PM GatiShakti caters to all the challenges which have been causing hindrance to the speedy development in the infrastructure sector, all under one roof.

We are using geospatial technologies to create a 3D model of the project that can be shared between all stakeholders, to allow better collaboration and coordination between all.

Infrastructure development speeding up in India

Redefining AEC Across Project Lifecycle

Infrastructure development is an uphill task involving multiple stages & stakeholders. Tech solutions are making it smoother, faster, and smarter.

By Sachin Awana and Titas Roy

"America's roads are good not because America is rich. America is rich because of its good roads"

John F Kennedy.

Indian construction market is set to become the third largest in the world by 2030, contributing 15% of the country’s GDP and employing more than 70 million people, as per a KPMG report.

Delhi-Mumbai Corridor, National Infrastructure Pipeline, BharatMala Pariyojana, and the PM Gati Shakti Master Plan are

some of the ongoing flagship government infra projects aimed at massive connectivity.

From conception to completion stage, the rapidly growing AEC sector involves collaboration between architects, engineers, construction managers, contractors, urban planners, and various other specialists. The multi-stakeholder participation and inter-disciplinary approach makes mega AEC projects extremely complex and at times tedious tasks. ‘

Unsurprisingly, in a recent

interview with a leading national daily, the outgoing L&T (Larsen & Toubro) Chairman, AK Naik, called ‘Infrastructure building the most difficult job in the world’.

Geospatial visualizations, 3D models, data aggregation, and the use of BIM, aim to make things somewhat easier, simpler, faster, and efficient in the sector whose perception is of a lumbering giant, immune to new changes.

Going with the times and to stay ahead of market competition, the AEC industry has been

Global Geospatial Market in AEC Industry, 2019-2023 (US$ Billion)

increasingly adopting technological advancements like Building Information Modelling (BIM), virtual reality, and sustainable design practices to enhance efficiency, communication, and sustainability in project development.

Tech Averse?

Just like risk-aversion is a basic human behavioural instinct, and a determinant in most economic decision-making, AEC has traditionally been identified as a tech-averse sector. Though now, things are changing radically due to the pervasive reach and extent of technology integration across processes and workflows.

The cumulative geospatial industry’s value in AEC is in pre-COVID-19 situation is estimated to be US$ 71.28 billion in 2019 and is estimated to reach US$ 117.59 by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 12.69% between 2015 and 2023.

Building Information Modelling (BIM), Computer Aided Designs (CAD), drones, virtual reality, 3D printing, LiDAR, GIS, and Digital Twin are some technologies that are being integrated into various stages of planning, design, construction, and management processes.

These technologies help improve collaboration, streamline workflows, enhance project visualization, and optimize resource utilization.

“We need to adopt technology at a much faster pace, and we do not have much time,” said Sunil MK, Sales Head, Autodesk.

However, like any industry, there might be some resistance or challenges in implementing new technologies due to factors such as cost, training, and adapting to new processes.

On the issue of cost, Rajan Aiyer, MD, Trimble India says "Resistance will also be in the form of whether Capex should be spent on these technologies (as an after-thought) which is wrongly believed to affect margins negatively. The truth is that the TCO is greatly reduced by using these technologies, the customer can bid more intelligently using the data from projects, and finish projects with higher quality and ESG, in shorter time and with greater safety."

AEC Workflows

The cumulative global AEC market witnessed the slowest growth in 2019 and is estimated to be US$ 11.13 trillion, growing at a CAGR of 3.3% during the forecast period. Asia-Pacific and North America emerge as dominant markets with 66.97% and 11.9% of the global AEC market in 2019. The global construction sector is expected to grow, albeit at a slow pace despite economic uncertainties. Revenue growth will be highest in China, followed by India – the new engine of global growth or construction and other south-east Asian economies – Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines.

The AEC industry has a stepwise workflow that is largely followed by organisations across. The fourstep flow guarantees smooth operations, minimizes errors, and helps in identifying barriers.

However, due to irregular workflows, non-uniform softwares, multiple divisions, and lacking interoperability makes the projects inefficient and costly.

Source: Geospatial World Consulting

COVER STORY

"Life in the construction world is very tough. Often the entire process is disconnected, and here we use the word - dark data - which is disconnected across the lifecycle, so the stakeholders really don't know what they have, creates huge challenges," says Kaushik Chakraborty, Senior Vice President, Asia Pacific Bentley Systems.

The four steps are: Planning Construction

Designing Management Planning

Planning before building something is a prerequisite for workflows to streamline the process, enhance accuracy, and ensure successful project outcomes. A host of technologies are used to make the planning phase more efficient and precise.

Some important technologies are: Geographic Information Systems (GIS): A widely adopted technology in the AEC industry, GIS helps analyse and visualize geographic data, aid in site selection, land-use planning, and assess environmental factors that impact the project.

It also helps planners understand zoning regulations and ensure compliance with local codes and regulations during project planning.

One such project displayed the potential of GIS technology. The Mumbai-Nagpur Expressway project integrated GIS for aided route selection, environmental impact assessment, land acquisition planning, optimizing project alignment and reducing potential conflicts.

Joint Secretary, Logistics & Trade, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, GoI, explained the need for dynamic and constantly updating data while talking about the PM Gatishakti National Master Plan. “While GIS typically pertains to unchanging physical structures, it's vital to consider the dynamic elements associated with each fixed asset. For instance, a building's nomenclature can shift over time. Hence, we are dedicated to seamlessly integrating dynamic data to its fullest extent.”

“This reservoir of dynamic data facilitates a comprehensive market assessment that spans historical, current, and future perspectives. Armed with this valuable insight, we can construct diverse scenarios and accordingly devise strategic infrastructure plans,” he adds.

Talking about the interoperability of GIS with Digital Twin,

Agendra Kumar, Managing Director, Esri India says "GIS-based Dgital Twins have geo-referenced features that make them powerful tools for analyzing, visualizing, and simulating geospatial data and phenomena, enabling better understanding and decision-making in various domains such as urban planning, infrastructure management, environmental analysis, and emergency response."

Aerial Imaging and Remote Sensing: Aerial Imaging through drone LiDAR assists in site assessment, surveying, and obtaining accurate site information. Aerial Imaging and Remote Sensing stand as pivotal technologies in the AEC industry, offering a bird's-eye view that transcends traditional limitations.

By harnessing data and imagery captured from airborne

Aerial image and data visualization of Ludhiana, Punjab

platforms such as drones, satellites, and aircraft, these technologies revolutionize project planning, design, and oversight. The prowess of Aerial Imaging lies in its ability to provide a comprehensive visual assessment of construction sites, delivering precise topographic maps and 3D models that lay the foundation for informed decision-making.

This technology becomes a powerful communicator by portraying the envisioned project within its environmental context, revealing its implications and compatibility with the surrounding landscape. On the other hand, Remote Sensing takes the spotlight in environmental impact evaluations, identifying ecological factors, and playing a critical role in sustainability strategies.

As construction progresses, both Aerial Imaging and Remote Sensing maintain their significance, offering regular progress updates, monitoring safety compliance, and aiding in quality control.

Earth Observation: Satellite mapping and Earth observation have emerged as integral tools within the AEC sector, revolutionizing how projects are planned, executed, and managed.

Satellite imagery provides a comprehensive and up-to-date view of construction sites, enabling professionals to gather accurate topographic data, assess terrain conditions, and visualize the surrounding environment.

Earth observation satellites equipped with high-resolution cameras and sensors capture detailed images that aid in site selection, infrastructure design, and urban planning. These images offer insights into land use, vegetation cover, water bodies, and potential environmental challenges.

Additionally, the data obtained from satellite mapping supports project monitoring by providing regular updates on construction progress. This facilitates informed decision-making, helps identify potential delays, and contributes to effective resource allocation.

Satellite technology's non-invasive nature and wide coverage make it an invaluable tool for tracking large-scale projects, ensuring compliance with design specifications, and mitigating risks associated with construction in challenging terrains or environmentally sensitive areas.

“The data received from satellites and other sources are heavy and difficult to compute. The insights from AI and analytics makes it easy to use, compute, distribute and generate insights from these sources. AI will take to the next level by augmenting human effort in deciphering this data for real world usage,” explains Saurabh Rai, CEO, Arahas Technologies

Sonali Dhopte, Director, Excelize emphasised on location-based data, “Spatial loca-

tion-based data is already a reality, and we are using this extensively today. I believe that using AI based generative design will transform the infrastructure development. Optimizing design, cost, execution and providing multiple solutions that are quick to develop, cause minimal environmental impact will be the norm in the near future. Predictive analytics will identify challenges early and help avoid cost and time over runs in infrastructure development.”

LiDAR: Terrestrial and LiDAR laser scanning captures precise measurements and 3D data of existing structures and sites, facilitating accurate as-built documentation. LiDAR, an acronym for Light Detection and Ranging, stands as a transformative technology within the AEC sector.

By harnessing laser light pulses, LiDAR captures intricate three-dimensional representations of physical environments with extraordinary precision. In the realm of AEC, this technology proves invaluable across a spectrum of applications.

It empowers professionals with accurate topographic mapping, furnishing detailed elevation data that informs site analysis, land surveying, and infrastructure design. LiDAR's prowess extends to construction monitoring, where it facilitates real-time progress assessments by creating comprehensive point clouds of evolving construction sites.

Satellite imagery provides a comprehensive and up-to-date view of construction sites, enabling professionals to gather accurate topographic data, assess terrain conditions, and visualize the surrounding environment.

When integrated into BIM workflows, LiDAR enriches the accuracy of as-built models and streamlines clash detection during the project's lifecycle. The technology transcends construction boundaries, aiding in historical preservation, flood management, urban planning, and environmental assessment.

As it continues to redefine possibilities, LiDAR emerges as a beacon of precision, elevating the AEC industry's approach to design, planning, and execution through data-driven insights.

LiDAR technology facilitated the creation of detailed topographic maps and accurate terrain models in Gujarat, aiding in the planning and execution of the foundation and surrounding infrastructure during the construction of the world’s tallest statue, the Statue of Unity.

Trimble's structural engineering software Tekla Structures helped complete the construction of the statue a full two months

ahead of schedule and with a 25 percent efficiency gain.

Another use-case of LiDAR technology was witnessed in the Kolkata Metro project for accurate surveying and mapping of tunnel alignments and underground structures which ensured minimal impact on existing infrastructure, resulting in smooth project execution.

Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR): During the designing process, AR and VR provide virtual experiences and walkthroughs of proposed designs and structures for stakeholders.

VR and AR have revolutionized the AEC industry by introducing immersive and interactive experiences that enhance design visualization, communication, and project collaboration. VR creates computer-generated environments that users can experience through specialized headsets, while AR overlays digital information onto the

real world through devices like smartphones or glasses.

In the AEC sector, VR is employed to offer clients and stakeholders immersive walkthroughs of proposed designs before construction even begins. This technology enables architects and designers to showcase concepts in a realistic context, aiding in design validation and eliciting valuable feedback.

It also aids in identifying potential design flaws early in the process, saving time and resources. AR, on the other hand, supplements the real world with digital data, making it an asset during on-site construction.

AR applications allow workers to visualize building components, systems, and utilities in their physical environment, facilitating accurate installation and reducing errors.

Designing

In the designing phase of the AEC industry, a variety of advanced

A 3D map created with LiDAR

technologies are harnessed to translate concepts into detailed and efficient designs. These technologies enhance creativity, collaboration, and precision throughout the design process.

Some important technologies used in designing include:

Computer-Aided Design (CAD): Computer-Aided Design (CAD) revolutionized the way professionals conceptualize, communicate, and realize designs.

Through CAD software, architects, engineers, and designers create intricate 2D and 3D models, translating their creative visions into precise digital forms. These models serve as a canvas for visualization, empowering stakeholders to grasp the intricacies of a project before it materializes.

CAD's interoperability allows teams to simultaneously shape designs, regardless of geographical boundaries, fostering seamless teamwork and minimizing

errors. Its power to swiftly adapt and refine designs offers flexibility, enabling modifications without the arduous task of starting from scratch.

Its indispensable role in generating comprehensive documentation, complete with dimensions, annotations, and specifics, supports construction teams in translating visions into reality with accuracy.

Furthermore, its ability to identify clashes within designs and facilitate material quantification empowers budgeting, procurement, and regulatory compliance. In the AEC realm, CAD's integration with advanced tools for structural analysis, energy assessment, and sustainable practices elevates projects, culminating in enhanced efficiency, precision, and successful outcomes.

3D Modelling & Building Information Modelling (BIM): The two essential technologies transforming the AEC sector,

3D modelling and BIM enables collaboration between various disciplines, enhances project visualization, and helps detect clashes and conflicts before construction begins.

3D modelling allows professionals to create realistic three-dimensional representations of structures, offering a visual preview of designs with accuracy and detail.

“The biggest innovation in AECO (Operations) in 21st century is ability to do 3D modelling to 3D printing and everything in between,” emphasised Saurabh.

BIM, on the other hand, takes this concept to a higher level by creating a digital database that holds comprehensive project information, including design details, materials, systems, and schedules. It's a collaborative platform that ensures all stakeholders work with the same accurate data, reducing errors and clashes.

50% 20% 35% 15%

Increase of sustainability and resiliency

Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint to lessen environmental impact

Increase of Building maintenance and operational efficiency

Optimize performance by leveraging building simulation and advanced analytics in order to identify waste and uncover hidden cost savings

Increase in productivity

Improve human comfort and decrease costs incurred by unhealthy indoor environmental conditions, sick time and productivity

Increase in space utilization

Decrease overall real estate footprint through enhanced design.

Value proposition of technology in AEC industry.

BIM is not just about design; it covers the entire lifecycle of a project, aiding in construction, maintenance, and operations. Together, 3D modelling and BIM enhance communication, improve efficiency, and streamline processes in the AEC industry.

“BIM technology revolutionized project design and collaboration by creating 3D digital models that incorporate geometry, data, and other information. This streamlines communication among stakeholders and enhances project coordination. Now, BIM is evolving from 3D modelling to encompass 4D (time scheduling) and 5D (cost estimation) capabilities, enabling further accuracy in project planning, scheduling, and cost management,” an industry expert tells.

The Kempegowda International Airport Expansion employed 3D laser scanning and BIM to capture accurate information and plan terminal expansions. This technology facilitated seamless integration of new structures with existing facilities and minimized disruptions to airport operations.

The Mumbai Coastal Road Project also deployed 3D visualization tools to create realistic representations of the proposed road along the coastline which allowed stakeholders to visualize the project's impact on the environment and infrastructure, facilitating informed decision-making and public engagement.

Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality: VR & AR technologies provide immersive experiences that allow designers and clients to interact with virtual prototypes, aiding in design & communication.

Both VR and AR foster better collaboration among project teams by enabling stakeholders to interact with the design and construction process in an intuitive and engaging manner.

These technologies enhance communication and comprehension among multidisciplinary teams, clients, and investors, fostering a deeper understanding of the project's scope.

The Durgam Cheruvu CableStayed Bridge in Hyderabad utilized advanced simulation and analysis software to model

complex structural behavior.

By leveraging these technologies, the designing phase becomes a dynamic and innovative process, fostering creativity, enhancing collaboration, and ensuring that concepts are translated into practical and efficient designs.

Construction

During the construction phase of the AEC industry, a range of advanced technologies are employed to streamline processes, enhance safety, and ensure efficient project execution. These technologies improve communication, coordination, and on-site operations.

Key technologies used in the construction phase include: Drones: Equipped with advanced cameras and sensors, drones provide a unique vantage point, capturing high-resolution aerial imagery and data that offer valuable insights across different construction phases.

These insights range from initial site surveying and mapping, which delivers accurate topographic data for effec-

Drone surveying

tive site analysis, to progress monitoring, where regular aerial imagery documents construction evolution, enabling project managers to track milestones and detect potential delays.

Drones also excel in on-site inspections, accessing hard-toreach or hazardous areas, and generating detailed images that assist in identifying defects and safety hazards. Their contribution extends to creating immersive virtual site tours for stakeholders and clients, enhancing communication and understanding of project developments.

Furthermore, drones play a pivotal role in inventory management, safety management, and quality control by tracking resources, monitoring compliance, and offering visual evidence for assessment.

During the construction of the Delhi-Meerut Expressway, drones were incorporated for site surveying, progress monitoring, and quality control.

The expansion of Krishnapatnam Port also utilized drone technology for surveying and progress monitoring. Drones captured regular aerial imagery, allowing project managers to track construction activities, manage resources, and ensure adherence to design specifications.

IoT and Sensor Technology: IoT sensors have found a crucial role in modernizing and optimizing the construction industry. These

smart sensors are strategically deployed across construction sites to collect real-time data on various parameters, enabling more efficient project management, enhanced safety measures, and improved resource allocation.

IoT sensors are integrated into equipment, tools, and even construction materials, generating a continuous stream of data that can be analyzed and acted upon. They monitor factors such as equipment health, environmental conditions, material inventory levels, worker safety, and even structural stability.

This data-driven approach offers several benefits, including predictive maintenance to prevent equipment breakdowns, early detection of potential safety hazards, optimization of resource usage, and accurate tracking of project progress.

“The second biggest innovation is automation where sensors play a key role. The use of sensors helps assess indoor and outdoor parameters from environment to maintenance and have ability to provide planning, reactive and preventive inputs and insights,” Saurabh states.

By facilitating informed decision-making, IoT sensors drive cost savings, streamline operations, and contribute to the overall success of construction projects by ensuring that actions are taken based on real-time

insights rather than assumptions.

The Pune Smart City Project used IoT sensors to integrate smart infrastructure technologies such as intelligent traffic management, sensor-based waste management, and energy-efficient lighting. It enhanced urban planning, sustainability, and citizen services, transforming Pune into a smarter city.

Another project in Pune, the Metro Rail Project deployed IoT sensors for monitoring train health, passenger flow, and station occupancy. IoT datadriven insights improved operational efficiency, optimized passenger experience, and ensured safe and reliable metro services.

The Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City) project incorporated smart infrastructure technologies such as integrated command and control center, IoT sensors, and a citywide fiber optic network which permitted efficient resource management, real-time monitoring of utilities, and enhanced urban planning in India's first operational smart city.

Management

During the management phase of an AEC project lifecycle, a suite of advanced technologies is employed to ensure effective project oversight, streamline communication, and optimize resource utilization. This enhances decision-making, collaboration, and project delivery.

By facilitating informed decision-making, IoT sensors drive cost savings, streamline operations, and contribute to the overall success of construction projects by ensuring that actions are taken based on real-time insights rather than assumptions.

Design and Engineering

Benefits of Digital Twin in Project Lifecycle

Operations and Maintenance

• Optimised construction Process

• Reduced construction cost

• Enhanced prefabrication of assets

• Reduced non-fatal injuries

• Safety risk management

• Improved product quality

• Enhanced environmental monitoring

• Enhanced energy management

• Continued asset monitoring and management

• Optimised overall design Process.

• Effective design Collaboration

• Sustainability in project design

• Improved design information delivery

• Improved materials selection

• Real-time data visualization.

• Ensure effective project planning

• Ease transition to digital transformation

• Effective stakeholder collaboration

• Better project management

Some important technologies are:

Cloud-Based Document Management: Cloud storage and document management systems ensure that the latest project documents, drawings, and contracts are easily accessible and securely stored. Cloud-based management has emerged as a transformative force within the AEC industry, reshaping the way projects are planned, executed, and managed.

By leveraging cloud computing technologies, AEC professionals can access project data, documents, and collaboration tools from any location with an internet connection. This accessibility fosters real-time communication and collaboration among dispersed teams, contractors, and clients, enabling more efficient decision-making.

The cloud's real-time updating and version control capabilities prevent information discrepancies, ensuring that stakeholders

• Real-world accurate asset management

• Enhanced building retrofit

• Improved renovation works

• Accurate preservation of cultural heritage

• Improved project operations’ efficiency

• Enhanced predictive maintenance

• Reduced operational costs

Construction Restoration and Refurbishment

are always working with the most current data. Moreover, the cloud's scalability, data security measures, and disaster recovery mechanisms provide a cost-effective and robust infrastructure for AEC projects.

From document management and project collaboration to BIM coordination and remote work facilitation, cloud-based management revolutionizes workflows, amplifying efficiency, communication, and overall project success in an industry that thrives on collaboration and precision.

The Kochi Metro project implemented a cloud-based project management system to streamline communication and collaboration among stakeholders. The system enabled real-time access to project documents, progress updates, and design revisions, promoting efficient decision-making and reducing delays.

Digital Twin: Digital twin technology creates a virtual replica

of the facility, aiding in ongoing maintenance, space planning, and performance optimization. Digital twin technolog has the transformative potential to revolutionize the AEC sector by providing a dynamic virtual counterpart to physical structures and projects.

By creating a digital replica of a building or infrastructure, stakeholders can monitor, analyze, and optimize its performance throughout its lifecycle. Architects can fine-tune designs for energy efficiency and aesthetics before construction even begins.

During construction, project managers can simulate workflows, anticipate clashes, and ensure precise execution. Once operational, facility managers can use the digital twin to monitor systems, predict maintenance needs, and optimize resource utilization.

“Digital twins in its most optimal form are to be used for predictive analysis and based on that optimize the performance

of physical twin. Having digital twins of isolated buildings and structures will not have as big an impact. Linking the infrastructure development with building structures and creating that Digital twin will bring about a dramatic transformation in efficiency of the assets. To make structures resilient, it is essential to gather real time data from the physical asset, analyse that using the digital twin and then optimize the performance of the physical asset. This will give us the ability to design and build resilient structures, be better prepared for disaster management. A national digital twin will benefit the entire nation and is the need now,” adds Sonali.

Realising the benefits of a National Digital Twin, a bunch of countries around the world have been working on developing the full scale digital replica of their country. Countries from Tuvalu in Polynesia, to Grenada in the Caribbean, and from Singapore to Greece, are racing to build a National Digital Twin. India has also begun its journey towards building a national digital twin with research and industry talks already going back and forth.

"The National BIM and Digital Twin Strategy is a good step in that direction, and I hope we can all work together and contribute to the advancement of the Indian AEC sector as a whole", says Viraj Voditel, Founder and Director, Techture.

This technology enhances collaboration by offering realtime insights to all stakeholders, resulting in reduced project delays, improved resource allocation, and enhanced decision-making.

One company, the BIM Engineers have kickstarted their

efforts to implement digital twin technology in their dauly workflow. Parveen Sharma, CEO, The BIM Engineers says, "We are always willing to stay ahead of the competition and we keep reinventing ourselves, Our R&D team is very strong and we can envisage implementing full life cycle Digital Twin technologies in our projects within 18-24 months from now."

Overall, digital twins offer a holistic view of a project's evolution, from conception to operation, leading to more efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective outcomes in the AEC sector.

“Digital Twins that are in vogue are based on the foundation of satellite, LiDAR, Drone and similar spatial data sources. The realworld replica assists from planning till creation of virtual assets. The idea being monitoring, optimizing and simulating the whole design, construction and maintenance lifecycle,” Saurabh adds.

There have been significant innovations in the AEC industry over the last two decades. Some of these are adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM), increase in prefabrication and modular construction, progress with respect to use of 3D printing in construction, sustainable building practices, collaborative data environments, Digital twin and use of generative AI in design, Geetha Ramamoorthi, Managing Director, KBR India explains.

Challenges

The industry is not without its share of challenges and barriers when it comes to adopting and implementing technology. Despite the potential benefits, several factors impede the seamless integration.

One of the significant chal-

lenges is the industry's traditional and fragmented nature, with different stakeholders using diverse software tools and processes. This lack of standardization hampers smooth data exchange and collaboration.

Moreover, there is a resistance to change prevalent within the AEC sector. Professionals often prefer familiar methods over new technologies due to concerns about disrupting established workflows or doubts about technology's effectiveness. Financial constraints also pose a barrier, particularly for smaller firms that may find it challenging to allocate resources for technology adoption and employee training.

The complexity of integrating new technologies into existing workflows can be daunting, leading to compatibility issues and operational disruptions.

Additionally, data privacy and security concerns also loom large, as the increased use of technology introduces vulnerabilities to cyberattacks and unauthorized data access.

To overcome these challenges, the industry must foster a culture of openness to change, invest in comprehensive training programs, encourage collaboration among stakeholders, and actively advocate for standardization and best practices to create a technologically enabled and efficient AEC sector.

Titas Roy

Senior Research ManagerAEC & Digital Cities Geospatial World titas@geospatialworld.net

Sachin Awana

Sub Editor, Geospatial World sachin@geospatialworld.net

Geospatial Fosters MultiModal National Master Plan

Gati Shakti is a digital platform that brings together 16 government ministries to plan and implement infrastructure connectivity projects in a coordinated manner. The platform integrates different modes of transport, such as roads, railways, airways, and waterways, to provide seamless connectivity for the movement of people, goods, and services. This will facilitate the last mile connectivity of infrastructure and reduce travel time for people.

“The foundation of PM Gatishakti rests on recognizing the advantages that can be harnessed through GIS adoption, and reaping them for the betterment of society”, says Dr. Surendra Ahirwar, Joint Secretary, Logistics & Trade, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, GoI in an exclusive interview.

What are the challenges confronting India's infrastructure, and how does the PM Gati Shakti master plan aim to address them?

The foremost challenge within India's infrastructure realm is its insufficiency. This deficiency can be attributed to inadequate investment, deficient planning, and under-utilization of available technological resources, including digital, construction, and automation technologies.

A significant issue revolves around the lack of substantial investments or sufficient allocation of public funds. These challenges converge into the realm of project governance and infrastructure planning. This entails evaluating the existing infrastructure deficit, procuring funds from private or public sources for infrastructure development, embracing appropriate technologies, and ensuring efficient planning.

Each of these facets fall under the umbrella of governance.

To surmount the hurdles associated with these aspects, leveraging technology emerges as a comprehensive solution. Notably, geospatial technology has proven especially effective, providing substantial solutions to a majority of these challenges. Consequently, the adoption of the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan, a Geographical

Information System (GIS) platform, has been instrumental.

This platform amalgamates data concerning physical assets both above and below ground across the nation. Additionally, it integrates demographic and socioeconomic data, as well as geographical features commonly found on maps.

The very foundation of PM Gatishakti rests on recognizing the potential advantages that can be harnessed through the adoption of GIS technology. Consequently, we are driven by the anticipation of reaping these advantages for the betterment of society. The integration of these diverse data sets facilitates a significant shift from subjective decision-making by individuals to objective data-driven decision-making.

By making decisions grounded in data, the plan garners greater acceptance and leads to more optimized infrastructure development at cost-effective rates. The PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan effectively tackles numerous challenges, thereby contributing to a substantial enhancement of India's infrastructure landscape.

What progress has been achieved thus far under the PM National Gatishakti plan?

Remarkable strides have been taken in advancing the PM National Gatishakti plan. Following its launch in October 2021, swift action was taken, and work commenced in earnest by December of the same year.

The foundation laid by the PM Gatishakti National Master Plan, encompassing digital infrastructure, organizational structure,

and widespread promotion, was quickly utilized.

The progress can be quantified through several key factors. First and foremost is the development of a comprehensive digital platform at the national level.

This platform harmoniously integrates state-level master plan portals for all 36 states and Union Territories. Additionally, approximately 30 ministries have established their own planning portals, seamlessly connected to the national platform.

Over 60 specialized planning tools, designed not only for the national master plan but also for individual state plans, have been crafted to address the specific requirements of ministries, states, and sectors.

Regarding administrative arrangements, the Empowered Group of Secretaries was promptly established as the highest-level policy-making body, led by the Cabinet Secretary. Crucially, this entity was integrated into existing governance structures to ensure operational efficiency and minimize financial burdens. This integration serves the dual purpose of avoiding additional resource strain and fostering maximum participation from established government entities.

Furthermore, the Network Planning Group, comprising

planning heads from seven infrastructure ministries, has been created to facilitate informed decision-making. This group is supported by a Technical Support Unit comprising 14 industry experts with expertise spanning various sectors, including GIS, railways, roadways, waterways, IT, project financing, and law. This unit collaborates with seven directors from different ministries, functioning as a secretariat for both the Network Planning Group and the Empowered Group of Secretaries.

Efforts in information dissemination have been significant, with all stakeholders, including central government ministries, infrastructure and social sectors, and states and Union Territories, being educated about PM Gatishakti and the potential of GIS technology in addressing infrastructure challenges.

The outcome of these efforts is evident in the creation of an extensive digital infrastructure, housing approximately 16001700 data layers across various platforms. With 41 ministries on board, encompassing social, economic, and infrastructure sectors, the adoption of GIS technology and the PM Gatishakti concept is gaining traction.

However, challenges remain, particularly in optimizing the quality and quantity of data integrated into the GIS plat-

Over 60 specialized planning tools, designed not only for the national master plan but also for individual state plans have been crafted to address the specific requirements of ministries, states, and sectors.

form, and in developing increasingly customized and efficient planning tools to enhance user adoption.

States have embraced the initiative as well, with all states and Union Territories establishing similar administrative structures, including Empowered Group of Secretaries, Network Planning Groups, and Technical Support Units. Furthermore, the Ministry of Finance has introduced a scheme for special assistance to states for capital expenditure, stipulating that infrastructure projects planned under this scheme must be aligned with the PM Gatishakti platform.

This concerted effort is poised to drive substantial adoption of GIS technology and solution implementation by states, effectively contributing to the realization of the PM National Gatishakti plan's objectives.

Given that various ministries rely on geospatial data, how pivotal is the coordination

between different ministries for better integration of infrastructure projects?

The key to effective coordination lies in the successful dissemination of the concept. Once the idea is embraced, coordination naturally follows. We have effectively communicated the concept to stakeholders, who have eagerly embraced it as a viable solution to their challenges. Our approach doesn't demand anything from them; instead, we are positioned to assist and support.

As a result, they view the National Master Plan (NMP) as a means to resolve their issues, making coordination a straightforward process. They are proactively seeking our guidance and support, thereby establishing a collaborative and supportive environment.

Enhancing the adoption of this technology requires another crucial coordination mechanism, facilitated by the digital platform itself. The platform has digitized coordination, fostering

continuous and comprehensive communication among various planning portals connected to the national platform.

Effective coordination hinges on seamless communication, a role that the platform consistently fulfills. Any communication obstacles are promptly addressed, thanks to the platform's ability to identify and notify us of any issues.

A response team, comprising system operators, administrators, and ourselves, ensures swift resolution. Notably, substantial hindrances to coordination have not emerged in our experience.

What are the socioeconomic advantages of Gatishakti plan?

The socioeconomic benefits of the PM Gatishakti plan are indeed substantial and exclusively positive. This initiative has been conceived and executed with a clear focus on generating benefits for society at large. The very foundation of PM Gatishakti rests on recognizing the potential advantages that can be harnessed through the adoption of GIS..

Foremost among these benefits is the direct impact on infrastructure development. The aspiration for well-equipped, interconnected, and efficient infrastructure is at the core of this plan. Addressing infrastructure deficits and enhancing quality infrastructure translates into seamless movement of people and goods.

This, in turn, fosters a more conducive environment for business operations, ultimately leading to reduced costs and an improved quality of life.

Meticulous planning of projects also optimizes costs, offering a prudent approach to resource utilization.

Indirectly, the socioeconomic advantages are far-reaching. By implementing PM Gatishakti, the tax burden on the populace can be alleviated. As resources remain more accessible to individuals, the government's share in the form of taxes is proportionately reduced, granting citizens greater financial flexibility and autonomy.

Notably, the plan's scope extends beyond the economic domain, encompassing the social sector as well. The integration of 22 social sector ministries into the initiative amplifies its impact. By extending the benefits of efficient infrastructure planning and deficit identification to sectors like women and child development, family welfare, tribal welfare, and healthcare, the plan ensures a more balanced and equitable distribution of resources. This facet further contributes to the enhancement of societal well-being.

In essence, the PM Gatishakti plan underscores a holistic approach to socioeconomic advancement, leveraging technology, efficient planning, and equitable distribution of resources to create a more prosperous and inclusive society.

What are the challenges currently faced by the PM Gatishakti plan, and what steps have stakeholders initiated to advance the development of resilient infrastructure?

Our primary endeavor revolves around amassing a comprehensive dataset. This encompasses

not only GIS-related information but also asset attributes, which encompass dynamic data.

While GIS typically pertains to unchanging physical structures, it's vital to consider the dynamic elements associated with each fixed asset. For instance, a building's nomenclature can shift over time. Hence, we are dedicated to seamlessly integrating dynamic data to its fullest extent.

By incorporating this dynamic data, the effectiveness and efficiency of the National Master Plan (NMP) can be significantly amplified.

This reservoir of dynamic data facilitates a comprehensive market assessment that spans historical, current, and future perspectives. Armed with this valuable insight, we can construct diverse scenarios and accordingly devise strategic infrastructure plans.

This progressive approach seamlessly aligns with the natural evolution of the PM Gatishakti initiative, propelling it forward toward its intended goals of fostering resilient and robust infrastructure.

Are there any additional initiatives in progress? Indeed, we are actively pursuing a few other initiatives. Apart

from our focus on infrastructure planning, we have extended our scope to encompass the social sector. This expansion entails delving into not just economic infrastructure, but also the realm of social infrastructure.

Additionally, we are exploring the feasibility of devising area development plans utilizing the same technology and conceptual framework. While we have made considerable progress, there remain certain aspects that require further attention.

Specifically, we are committed to refining our infrastructure-related data. This involves enhancing the completeness, quality, and comprehensiveness of the data at hand, including its dynamic aspects. While a substantial portion of our data is of commendable quality, we recognize the importance of optimizing these facets.

By accomplishing this, we anticipate effectively formulating area development plans. Our comprehensive approach now integrates both economic and social infrastructure planning, culminating in a holistic framework for socio-economic area planning. This marks our ongoing trajectory towards comprehensive and integrated development.

Interviewed by: Jeffy Jacob

GIS typically pertains to unchanging physical structures, it's vital to consider the dynamic elements associated with each fixed asset. For instance, a building's nomenclature can shift over time. Hence, we are dedicated to seamlessly integrating dynamic data to its fullest extent.

Google Maps Solves Urban Mobility Challenges in Indian Cities

Google Map

Objective

1. Reducing traffic congestion by optimising traffic lights (piloted in Bengaluru).

2. Surfacing real-time disruption data on Google Maps in partnership with traffic authorities (live in 9+ cities).

3. Enhancing road safety by sharing speed limit data with users (piloted in Bengaluru and Chandigarh).

from these authorities and display it on the Maps platform to inform users about these disruptions.

Google worked with the local government to bring its “speed limit” feature to India. It collected speed limit information for all major roads and displayed it on the Google Maps screen while in Navigation mode. As of today, Google has been able to share speed limit data in two cities, Bangalore, and Chandigarh.

Google leveraged its proprietary geospatial technology to-

One of the challenges that India faces, as an emerging economy, is high-density metropolitan cities with an ever-growing number of private vehicles. This is leading to mobility issues such as traffic congestion, higher transit times, etc., which combined with frequent planned/unplanned disruptions can make traffic flow management an arduous task.

Stakeholders involved

Bengaluru Traffic Police, Chandigarh Traffic Police, and traffic authorities in other cities (Hyderabad, Kolkata, Delhi, among others).

Solution and Implementation

Google has partnered with civic and traffic authorities in 9+ cities, to proactively receive reliable data

● Anonymize and aggregate the location/traffic data received from authorities

● Organize the data and generate traffic trends at each intersection, for different times of the day

● Collect and organize the real-time road disruption data at scale

Benefits

1. Ensure road safety

2. Share real-time road disruption info

3. Reduce Wait Time

4. Reduce Road Congestion

5. Reduce Carbon Emission

Use of GIS for Highway Maintenance & Construction Planning

The process of creating and maintaining roadway infrastructure in India, however, continues to be complicated by factors including rising urbanization, lack of funding, and challenges in integrating sustainable measures.

Add to this, the problem of a "siloed" approach to planning for highway infrastructure, which is only aggravated due to a lack of integration, interconnectivity, and interoperability among different stakeholders.

The Vision of the study was to encourage informed decision-making and integrated planning and maintenance of highway infrastructure, with a focus on enhancing communication between different stakeholders.

Stakeholders involved State governments, private players (contractors, builders, data and service providers, analysts, public-private partnership participants), citizen communities, and highway authorities.

Objective

1. To analyze highway alignment and factors that influence alignment studies

2. To prepare orthorectified images and superimpose the final contours of satellite imagery to be used in the alignment design

Solution and Implementation Agency-wide data was integrated using GIS technology to improve operational efficiencies and outcomes. The highway management team further used Geospatial technologies for the following applications and solutions as part of the project:

Transportation Planning: GIS software was used to establish a methodology for informing and supporting strategic decision-making models, such as those used to foresee travel demand and plan capital enhancements.

Highway Asset Management: Mobile devices with GIS capabilities and transport-based DBMS are required. Field workers may carry a wealth of GIS data, easily

find key locations, and conduct thorough inspections using any number of mobile devices.

Benefits

Traffic Monitoring: GIS proved beneficial in presenting a complete picture of the current traffic conditions because of its ability to combine data feeds and offer dashboard displays. GIS-integrated traffic management helps visually monitor real-time jams and related data to respond swiftly to vehicle problems.

Construction Management: Companies are able to track performance using GIS, which is associated with project management and financial applications. GIS also provides project employees access to these datasets and information via a browser interface.

Fig. Implementation Plan

UNSMARTING SMART CITIES

tion of the mission has been extended to July 2024.

India's

Smart City Mission is entering its 9th year now, but what is its progress, challenges, and how long will it take to create 100 smart cities in India?

By Nibedita Mohanta

It is estimated that by 2030 India will be home to 60 cities with a population of more than 1 million and 6 megacities with a population of more than 10 million. This will undoubtedly put a heavy burden on infrastructure and civic amenities.

The teeming population and ongoing trend of urban migration will put tremendous pressure on cities to provide resources such as water, infrastructure, transport, energy, healthcare. This means there is a need to rapidly make our urban clusters more livable, sustainable and resilient. However, the picture from the ground tells a different tale altogether.

The megacities of Delhi and Mumbai are regarded as the economic engines of India, and yet every year, heavy rainfall

lasting a couple of hours or days causes havoc there.

Many areas experience power failure, and loss of internet connectivity for days. There is intense water logging in areas which shows the inability of infra to withstand heavy downpour and similar stresses.

If anything, this lays threadbare, the Smart City Mission’s eight years of progress, and our readiness in terms of climate resilient urban areas. This serves as an indictment of our core priorities and the progress made so far.

Smart Cities Report Card

According to the latest updates on Smart City Mission, 66 out of the selected 100 cities, have not yet met their physical targets even after eight years. Due to this, the deadline for the comple-

However, as per the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs ( MoHUA), more than two-thirds of the total 7,804 projects under the Smart Cities Mission (SCM) have been completed as of January 2023. There’s a dissonance between the two data points that needs closer scrutiny.

“We received requests from cities and Members of Parliament to give more time to complete the sanctioned projects,” says an official from MoHUA.

According to the ministry’s official report, the top five cities in terms of performance and completion of projects include Kakinada from Andhra Pradesh, Davanagere and Belagavi from Karnataka, New Town, Kolkata from West Bengal and Lucknow from Uttar Pradesh.

And the bottom five cities include Amaravati in Andhra

According to the report’s 18th Report of Standing Committee on Housing and Urban Affairs (2022-23):

The last round of selection under Smart City Mission was made in January 2018 and hence the stipulated period of 05 years has completed. As regards financial allocation made by the Ministry, out of overall financial support of Rs.48, 000 crore to the Mission, Rs.36, 561 crore has been released and Rs. 33,012 crore (90% of total released) have been utilized by the Smart Cities.

Furthermore, the report says that for the further 100 Smart Cities projects worth Rs.2,05,018, so far 7821 projects worth Rs.1,81,349 crore have been taken up. And 5343 projects worth Rs.1, 00,450 crore have reportedly been completed.

That said, the city-wise physical progress of projects taken up under the Smart City Mission shows that there is a stark difference in the performance of various Cities.

On one hand, 32 Smart Cities have completed more than the number of Projects planned for implementation under SCM, in some cases even four times more than the actual target. While on the other hand, the remaining 68 Smart Cities are yet to meet the project completion targets, wherein the performance of some cities is quite dismal.

Therefore, the total number of completed Projects gives a misleading picture because

Performance and Completion of Projects in Indian Cities

it also takes into account the excess projects accomplished by 32 performing Smart Cities. The Committee is of the opinion that if the number of ‘excess projects’ is removed from the total completed projects then the actual number of projects completed under 36 the Mission would be far less than projected.

The fact remains that, 68 Smart Cities have not achieved their physical targets under the Mission by the original due January 2023, leading to an extension till June.

Identifying the Root Cause?

As per the same report, ULBs (Urban Local Bodies) lack core competence, trained manpower and finances for completion of urban infrastructure projects.

However, the ULBs did ‘reasonably well’ in implementing targeted schemes such as AMRUT & SBM. This underscores the inability of these local bodies to deliver end-to-end on compre-

hensive projects such as Smart Cities Mission. Another Issue is the prevailing confusion, which often leads to projects being dropped.

In light of this, the committee issued a few recommendations; amending the relevant provisions governing Smart City Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) to ensure the following:

 A fixed tenure of 3 years to CEOs of Smart city SPV

 No additional charge is given to CEOs of smart city SPVs

 Job of CEO of smart city SPV is full time

Reasons for Delay

The Committee says that multiple challenges on-ground, including COVID-19 pandemic, multi-sectoral projects, local challenges related to land, labor etc., has led to slowdown in progress.

While examining the Smart City Mission, in 2021 the Committee came across some

Pradesh, Shillong in Meghalaya, Gangtok in Sikkim, Guwahati in Assam and Karimnagar in Telangana.

Kakinada Andhra Pradesh

Amaravati Andhra Pradesh

Davanagere Karnataka

Shillong Meghalaya

Belagavi Karnataka

Gangtok Sikkim

New Town West Bengal

Guwahati Assam

Lucknow Uttar Pradesh

Karimnagar Telangana

Top 5 Cities in Performance and Project Completion

Bottom 5 Cities in Performance and Project Completion

SPOTLIGHT

irregularities in implementation of smart cities works such as redoing of same work again & duplication of work, project cost higher than the market rate, frequent dropping of projects after finalization of proposals, etc.

The Committee felt that Geospatial Management Information System (GMIS) used for real-time monitoring of Smart City projects is not serving its intended purpose and there is a need for on-ground verification with the involvement of local representatives as they are aware of local developments.

It therefore, recommended the Ministry to put in place a robust monitoring mechanism for Smart Cities Mission for on ground verification of projects by a team consisting of Mission Director, State representative and local Member of Parliament and MLA.

However experts believe that additional reasons could be unavailability of funds in timely manner, existence of silos, and diversion of funds for state priorities.

FINANCING SMART CITY PROJECTS: DIVERSE AVENUES

According to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, states are expected to seek funds for projects outlined in the SCP from multiple sources including the following

Using State/ULB’s resources (from collection of user fees, beneficiary charges & impact fees, land monetization, debt, loans, etc.)

Deploying additional resources transferred due to acceptance of recommendations of the Fourteenth Finance Commission (FFC)

Utilizing innovative finance mechanisms, such as municipal bonds with credit rating of ULBs, Pooled Finance Development Fund Scheme and Tax Increment Financing (TIF)

Leveraging borrowing from financial institutions including bilateral and multilateral institutions (both domestic and external sources)

Availing the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF)

Technology Solutions

Technology plays a crucial role when it comes to making a city smart. From integrated solutions, better connectivity, waste management solutions, traffic management, to addressing utility related problems, safety of the citizens, e-governance, thus technology will only empower the cities.

Information and communication technology, sensors, geospatial, IoT, AI and blockchain are crucial to tackle the emerging problems in the city and maintain law and order through detailed data analysis.

According to Deloitte-ThoughtLab Global City Survey, 94% of city leaders surveyed indicate climate change, pollution as the biggest challenge that the cities will face in the next five years.

Cities need to identify the gaps where advanced technologies can be adopted, and digital innovation can be encouraged to address those gaps such as digital talent and skill improvement, cybersecurity, and real-time assessment of projects.

“City leaders are betting big on AI and automation, and they believe that with support from government, this can help drive digital innovation,” as per the survey.

The nodal ministry for the Smart Cities Mission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) is working with various agencies, technology providers to formulate smart city technology adoption, utilization of tech in developing solutions that are interoperable, scalable and capable of connecting with other smart cities for data sharing and other functionalities.

How GIS Aids Smart Cities?

Geospatial visualization, HD maps, and interactive 3D models and dashboards play a crucial role in understanding the needs of the people, figure out the pain-points and devise innovative solutions.

“With technology being at a pinnacle in this century and the geospatial ability to create, manage, analyze and visualize the data of spatial data, the sky is the limit,” says Rizwan Khan, Director & Subject Matter Expert – Smart Cities, JLL to Geospatial Artha.

Rizwan believes that Geospatial/Maps are a game changer when it comes to the Smart Cities, by providing real-time data about the citizens’ infor-

mation, wayfinding solutions for the tourists or visitors visiting a particular place, using AI on the airports for immigration and logistical purposes, safety and security of the citizens and much more.

Esri India is one of the vendors that provides GIS Platforms to Indian Smart Cities. Esri India works with more than 45 Smart Cities. These cities have established GIS platforms or Geo-Hubs with Esri’s ArcGIS technology, thereby achieving more effective outcomes in all aspects of their functioning.

Agendra Kumar, MD, Esri India says, "GIS enables city administrators to gain an in-depth understanding of the cities, identify the problems more effectively and benefit from the most effective solutions. GIS

plays a vital role in the Smart City ecosystem. It aids in creating future-ready, sustainable cities by successfully integrating all aspects of city planning and management."

In 2021, Kunal Kumar, IAS, Joint Secretary & Mission Director (Smart Cities Mission), Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) said “The government as a whole would like to create one integrated pathway where cities and state governments and central government can work together in bringing infusion of more digital technologies into the life of people.”

He added that the geospatial management information system in collaboration with Esri, compares real-time correlation of project information, on how

cities and states are performing. With the images taken using geospatial technologies, one can see the progress and predict when certain projects are going to reach future milestones as well as what the shape of the mission going forward is.

ArcGIS Platform can be used in creating heat maps, GIS operating dashboards for health services, and CCTVs to track citizen mobility. It can assist in managing the health response; and examine the availability of infrastructure to solve health issues.

According to Om Hemrajani, Director of Genesys International, the company which was tasked to carry out mapping in Jaipur described to a news channel that they collected data for nine months with the help of cars bearing sensors, people toting LiDAR backpacks where cars could not go, as well as utilized overflights to take "God view images" and aerial LiDAR to build 3D model of Jaipur by 2019.

This data was later ingested by Dassault Systèmes to create the final model.

GIS enables city administrators to gain an in-depth understanding of the cities, identify the problems more effectively and benefit from the most effective solutions. GIS plays a vital role in the Smart City ecosystem.

Courtesy: MoHUA, GoI

GIS-based garbage collection monitoring in Indore smart city

SPOTLIGHT

“We are working in four to five Indian cities with Smart Cities Mission team, primarily in the virtual city planning space where we are helping them to plan out various amenities, utilities in context of the 3D representation,” said Technology provider, Dassault Systèmes IndiaTechnical Director Praveen Mysore told Geospatial Artha.

He further added that in Jaipur, they have been working for the last five years. The requirement was to get the entire 3000 sq kms area of the city in digital representation form of 3D, which includes the city as well as the peripherals of the city, it's the greater part of the municipal Boundary.

“Our job was to help the authorities figure out where the new foot over bridges, or the flyovers are to be developed; as well as to improve the security of

the city by placing the CCTV at critical junctions, so that proper monitoring can be done at the same time”, says Mysore.

“We also have been part of the initiatives such as solar potential on the building, water harvesting for the buildings. We helped in developing the solution called 3D Experience City”, he adds.

According to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, states are expected to seek funds for projects outlined in the SCP from multiple sources including the following:

 Using State/ULB’s resources (from collection of user fees, beneficiary charges & impact fees, land monetization, debt, loans, etc.)

 Deploying additional resources transferred due to acceptance of recommendations of the Fourteenth

Finance Commission (FFC)

 Utilizing innovative finance mechanisms, such as municipal bonds with credit rating of ULBs, Pooled Finance Development Fund Scheme and Tax Increment Financing (TIF)

 Leveraging borrowing from financial institutions including bilateral and multilateral institutions (both domestic and external sources)

 Availing the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF)

Not all Efforts In Vain!

Rounded assessment of Smart Cities has been a mixed-bag, with certain cities such as Bhubaneswar, Pune, Indore, Varanasi, Srinagar and Coimbatore setting examples for other cities.

These cities have improved the quality of life for their citizens by implementing a variety of initiatives, revamping the

urban infrastructure, integrating advanced technology to escalate sustainable environment and keep it clean.

They have also addressed the challenges faced by the citizens effectively with smart solutions such as hassle free traffic movement, efficient drainage, and automated sensors to monitor systems from remote location.

Coimbatore has successfully cleansed decades-old waste of over 1.55 million cubic metres, from the 650 acres of government land through Smart City Mission's waste-to-wealth concept.

Bhaskar Srinivasan, General Manager of Smart City Mission Limited , revealed that the initial phase involved cleansing around 950,000 cubic metres of waste over a span of two and a half years.

Rizwan khan mentions some of the key highlights of the Srinagar Smart City, like the complete restoration of the city’s hub (lal chowk), heritage ghats along the Jehlum River, refurbishment of The Jehlum River Front, commissioning of the Noise Monitoring systems, Water Quality Monitoring in Realtime.

“One of the key achievements for Srinagar Smart City Ltd. (SSCL) has been the Integrated Solid Waste Management and Door to Door Collection Moni-

toring System which has been an issue all along not only in the city of Srinagar but throughout the Nation,” Khan adds.

Varanasi Smart City’s SPV combined location data from the municipal and data from the IoT sensors over GIS base maps to provide real-time analytics that compelled effective decision-making about city administration and operations. It enabled various systems such as public announcement system, Automatic Number Plate Recognition, Adaptive Traffic Control System, speed violation detection system and others.

Global Learnings, Local Context

In order to make the neighborhood livable and enjoyable, the community should have access to the availability of emergency needs, essential retail needs, educational institutes, recreational zones, while helping local businesses and commerce to thrive in the same neighborhood. Building a codependency between communities for all sorts of needs and requirements.

That is why the world is slowly moving towards adopting 15-minutes cities, where accessibility to residents' needs, can be achieved within 15 minutes.

As per Rizwan Khan, some of the successful smart cities across the globe have been developed

with the core values of robust planning, proper budgeting, competent execution plans, proper Maintenance Schedules and most importantly with the unwavering support of the people living in the city. .

In an interview with Geospatial World, Helene Chartier, Director of Urban Planning and Design, C40 Cities, and former Advisor to the Mayor of Paris, says, “There are cities working on specific projects, for instance, Medellin in Colombia is pioneer in bringing nature back. There are similar planned initiatives in a lot of cities. Paris is leading on urban planning with the 15 minute City model and mobility shift.”

The Nordic city of Oslo has been among the first to pave the way to reduce embodied emissions from construction activities. A lot of other leading examples are there all across the world

“Cities need data, which is definitely very important, especially for urban planners who need accurate information for example for developing complete neighborhoods, also called ’15 minute neighborhoods’ where people can find key amenities and services close to where they live,” she adds.

“When it comes to developing the smart cities in India the goal should not be just a mission or a milestone to achieve, it’s a continuous process that must go a full cycle to ensure that not just the parts of the city or the key areas of the city are upgraded but the whole city’s infrastructure is improvised,” adds Rizwan Khan.

Nibedita Mohanta

Assistant Editor, Geospatial World Nibedita@geospatialworld.net

When it comes to developing the smart cities in India the goal should not be just a mission or a milestone to achieve, it’s a continuous process that must go a full cycle to ensure that whole city’s infrastructure is improvised.

Founded in 2018, Suhora is an Earth Observation (EO) analytics company that solves customer problems using geospatial analytics. Its work encompasses multi-sensor data fusion, image analysis, and automated information extraction for applications across environment, disaster management, infrastructure, and defense & intelligence.

The Geospatial Troubleshooter

The Noida-based company serves multiple industries and verticals, from renewable energies to forestry, and from agriculture to defense.

“We have a lot of users from different verticals. We also provide a lot of satellite data downstream processing, analytics and offer solutions to relevant customers. Our ultimate goal is to revolutionize how spatial data is utilized, enabling informed decision-making and positive impacts on a global scale”, says Amit Kumar, Co-Founder & COO, Suhora, in an interview with Geospatial Artha

Global Earth Observation market is expanding multifold. However, India is yet to catch up in many ways in terms of user adoption. How you do see the EO market evolving in India? EO data is not readily accessible to someone who is not quite well

versed with industry mechanisms. However, with the government initiatives such as new remote sensing data policy things are changing. A lot of liberalization is happening these days which will enable growth in the coming years.

For example, pipeline infrastructure and highways have been expanding at an unmatched speed. Increasingly, a lot of people are realizing the immense potential of satellite data.

So far, the defense sector, as always, is the biggest user as well as the promoter of the EO data. Our Earth Data platform provides advanced monitoring and analytics solutions for defence.

Tell us more about the platform?

We have a platform called Spade which utilizes multi-mission data, whether open source or commercial data. Moreover, we can also process optical, SAR, and

thermal data. USP of platform is that it utilizes these multiple technologies and takes care of multi-domain analytics, which is a critical defense requirement.

Spade combines various datasets in a single window, creating reports, insights, data workflows that customers can directly utilize. It has shown promising results from the users, and has potential for future growth as well.

Key focus areas of SPADE are Multi-Sensor Mission Planning, IMINT & OSINT Integration, Defence & Intelligence Applications, Disaster Management, Solar & Renewable Energy, Infrastructure Monitoring, Geospatial Analytics. SPADE will continuously evolve and increase it’s potential to stay relevant and serve different domains.

Climate change has become a burning issue today, and a lot needs to be done to

curb carbon emissions. Suhora has been providing consultancy services to the solar industry as well. Where does India stand on green transition?

India has emerged as a global leader in renewable energy, particularly in solar power. Take the example of Bhadhla Solar Park in Rajasthan and Pavagada Solar Park in Karnataka.

These are massive solar projects completed in the last ten years. The Indian government has taken proactive measures to promote green energy adoption and has set ambitious renewable energy targets. The National Solar Mission is a major initiative of the Government of India and State. The future for renewable energy in India is bright in India.

We provide consultancy to developers who are implementing these solar farms. With our services, they are able to optimize operational costs and implementation costs, leading to better RO.

As Suhora provides in-depth consulting services to the Solar Industry in India and abroad, the focus remains on supporting and accelerating the adoption

of solar energy by addressing multiple challenges.

By leveraging advanced geospatial analytics and datadriven insights, Suhora aims to assist the solar industry in optimizing solar projects, enhancing energy efficiency, and contributing to India's sustainable energy future. Together, through collaborative efforts, we can continue making strides in the fight against climate change and building a greener and more sustainable planet.

With more and more solar plants being setup, the market is really growing. If this trend continues, we can achieve a production parity with coal power plants in the near future.

Which new technologies Suhora is working on, and what is the roadmap ahead for you?

Right now we are heavily focused towards SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), which is not something new, but very important in terms of the predictability of outcomes. With this, we can have a regular cycle of data and image acquisition.

SAR analytics has a lot of untapped potential, and we are working to realize it.

STARTUP FOCUS

We have a long and ambitious journey toward revolutionizing the way Defense & Intelligence (D&I) agencies operate in the geospatial domain. Defence and Intelligence sector is something that we are primarily focusing on now. We are also emphasizing on the speed and efficiency of multi-mission, multi-sensor satellite based monitoring and analytics platform.

We want to automate the defense and intel offerings through IMINT and ISR. These are the two areas that we really want to focus a lot in due course of time while riding on capabilities of SAR and thermal data on top of it.

Our vision is to empower Defense & Intelligence agencies with state-of-the-art tools that facilitate proactive decision-making, real-time situational awareness, and enhanced security. As we move forward, Suhora remains committed to fostering a safer and more secure world through the power of geospatial intelligence.

We also want to support government on disaster management, as environmental disasters and hazards are becoming very frequent nowadays. Our capabilities, the SAR and thermal data can cater a lot towards this kind of application. Disaster management is our second focus area after defense.

Another important aspect that we are focusing upon is infrastructure monitoring, especially in the disaster prone areas where we recently saw a lot of ground deformation due to excessive and unplanned construction. These are the major focus areas for the next few years.

Interviewed by: Sachin Awana

Charting Indo-US Space Cooperation

Through highs and lows, space collaboration between Washington DC and New Delhi traces back to the heydays of the Cold War and the formative years of ISRO. Will Artemis unfurl a new leaf in this relation?

Indian PM Modi’s visit to the US, amid much fanfare and joint communiques on deepening space collaborations, coincided with India signing the US-led Artemis Accords, becoming the 27th country to join the non-binding agreement that prioritizes space sustainability and lunar flight.

The official joint statement by President Biden and Prime Minister Modi, during the visit in June, talks about India and USA setting “a course to reach new frontiers across all sectors of space cooperation”

The two leaders “applauded our growing cooperation on earth and space science, and space technologies”. This includes, inter alia, developing a strategic framework for human spaceflight cooperation by the end of 2023 and the delivery of the NASAISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite to ISRO’s U.R. Rao Satellite Centre in Bengaluru, India”. NISAR is expected to be launched by 2024.

By Arup Dasgupta

Additionally, Biden and Modi called for enhanced commercial collaboration between the U.S. and Indian private sectors in space, and addressing export controls and facilitating technology transfer.

“President Biden deeply appreciated India’s signing of the Artemis Accords, which advance a common vision of space exploration for the benefit of all humankind.”

The Backdrop: Space Joint Working Group

Just preceding PM Modi’s visit, the eighth meeting of the U.S.India Civil Space Joint Working Group (CSJWG) was held on January 30-31 at the Department of State in the US Government.

The media note released after the meeting said “The CSJWG discussions covered collaboration in Earth and space science as well as human space exploration, global navigation satellite systems, spaceflight safety and space situational awareness and policies for commercial space”

“Participants also considered implementation of guidelines and best practices developed by the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Use of Outer Space (COPUOS) to ensure the longterm sustainability of outer space activities”, as per the note.

The CSJWG had its genesis in a joint seminar conducted by the American Institute of Aeronautics

and Astronautics, AIAA and the Indian Astronautical Society in Bangalore during June, 2004 at Bangalore. In March 2005 the governments of US and India set up the CSJWG and the Joint Working Group held its inaugural meeting in Bangalore, India, on June 29-30, 2005.

The areas of cooperation identified at the first meeting were Chandrayaan-1, India’s GAGAN using GPS, a possible earth reception station in India for the U.S. National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS), investigation on the comparability and complementarity of data from Landsat and IRS satellites.

The US government report on the meeting also noted that “Closer cooperation in international initiatives such as the Group on Earth Observation as well as efforts to develop a multiple hazards early warning and response system will serve national objectives of both sides”

It also emphasized on the presence of strong complementarities in satellite communications and its various applications, along with space education and training.

A Look Back Into History

To take a glimpse into the past, India and USA have had a long association right from the birth of Indian National Committee for Space Research, INCOSPAR in 1962.

INCOSPAR engineers were trained at NASA’s Goddard Spaceflight Centre and Wallops Island facility for sounding rockets during 1963.

The same year, India launched its first sounding rocket, a Nike Apache obtained from NASA, from the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launch Station (TERLS ), which was also setup with US assistance.

TERLS was designated as a UN facility to promoting common scientific research during the Cold War era.

A Look Back Into History

Birth of the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR).

India launches first sounding rocket, a Nike Apache obtained from NASA, from the Thumba quatorial Rocket Launch Station (TERLS).

INCOSPAR transforms into ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization).

Satellite Instructional Television Experiment project launches in India, designed jointly by NASA and the ISRO.

1992

Following the disintegration of the USSR, US objects to the Indo-Russia cryogenic engine deal.

Seven years later, in 1969, INCOSPAR transformed into ISRO ( Indian Space Research Organization), whose first major applications program known as Satellite Instructional Television Experiment( SITE) used a NASA satellite ATS-6 to beam educational programs to direct satellite TV receivers installed in 2400 remote villages across India. Through this programme ISRO intended to showcase the capability of satellite broadcasting to reach the unreached and in general to show the efficacy of space for development.

Arnold Frutkin, the then Assistant Administrator for International Affairs at NASA who steered the program, reminisces that this was one project where they invited participation hoping that people would be interested and when it would work well, they would be interested in continuing it commercially.

It would be prudent to keep this in mind even as we enter the Artemis Accord and hope for enhanced commercial collaboration between the U.S. and Indian private sectors in the entire value chain of the space economy, addressing export controls positively and facilitating technology transfer.

The Trade Journey So Far India has been a major trading partner of the US in Space technology and services since 1976 after the conclusion of SITE. The FACC contract for INSAT1A to 1D, as well as supply of components, computers, and launch services for the INSATs were all part of the commercial deals. However, it is also important to remember that things were not always hunky dory.

US imposes sanctions on India after the Pokharan nuclear tests.

"India contracted with Ford Aerospace for a commercial satellite to continue their programs, and they contracted for a number of Ford Aerospace satellites over the years. The point is: this program not only was an educational lift to India and demonstrated what such a satellite could do, but it brought money back into the Unites States through commercial contracts for satellites for a number of years”, says Futkin.

After the Pokharan nuclear tests, US imposed sanctions on India, which led to denial of critical components, super computers and made further collaboration between the entities of the two countries difficult if not impossible.

In 1992, following the disintegration of the USSR, US objected to the Indo-Russia cryogenic engine deal and Russia was forced to renege and work out a new deal without technology transfer.

Conference is organized by two professional societies, one from US and the other from India which provides the opportunity to rebuild ties at the political and technical levels.

Articulated years after the program, this ringside viewpoint highlights US commercial expectations in a government-to-government program.

The sanctions slowed down the progress in critical areas but it could not stop India. Workarounds were implemented such that India was able to indigenously develop two critical technologies –supercomputers and cryogenic engines.

The US understood that sanctions were not working because India had a workforce that was successful in the development and applications of space and information technologies on their own.

This forced a rethink in the US policy circles. In 2004, a conference organized by two professional societies, one from US and the other from India, provided the opportunity to rebuild ties at the political and technical levels.

The setting up of the CSJWG was a political decision taken in 2005 and continues to operate till this day.

One of the outcomes of the cooperation outlined in the CSJWG in its first meeting in 2005 resulted in Chandrayaan 1 carrying NASA’s Moon Minerology Mapper which detected water trapped in minerals on the Moon.

The lander of Chandrayaan 3 has a NASA supplied Laser Retroreflector fo ranging studies. The NISAR project due for launch in 2024 includes an L-band synthetic aperture radar, a highrate communication subsystem for science data, GPS receivers, a solid-state recorder and payload data subsystem from NASA. ISRO is providing the spacecraft bus, the S-band radar, the launch vehicle and associated launch services.

Possible Opportunities

The May 2022 briefing by the White House indicates the direction that the interaction between USA and India on Space. The preamble states that, “President Biden and Prime Minister Modi announced the U.S.-India initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) in May 2022 to elevate and expand our strategic technology partnership and

Proposed interactions under iCET

Strengthening Cooperation on human spaceflight, including establishing exchanges that will include advanced training for an Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)/Department of Space astronaut at NASA Johnson Space Center.

Identifying innovative approaches for the commercial sectors of the two countries to collaborate, especially with respect to activities related to NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) project. Within the next year, NASA, with ISRO, will convene U.S. CLPS companies and Indian aerospace companies to advance this initiative.

Initiating new STEM talent exchanges by expanding the Professional Engineer and Scientist Exchange Program (PESEP) to include space science, Earth science, and human spaceflight and extending a standing invitation to ISRO to participate in NASA’s biannual International Program Management Course

Strengthening the bilateral commercial space partnership, including through a new U.S. Department of Commerce and Indian Department of Space-led initiative under the U.S.India Civil Space Joint Working Group. This initiative will foster U.S.-India commercial space engagement and enable growth and partnerships between U.S. and Indian commercial space sectors.

Expanding the agenda of the U.S.-India Civil Space Joint Working Group to include planetary defence. This includes Space Situation Awareness where all the capabilities needed to detect the possibility and warn of potential asteroid or comet impacts with Earth, and then either prevent them or mitigate their possible effects.

defense industrial cooperation between the governments, businesses, and academic institutions of our two countries”.

The CLPS programme intends to land specific instruments on the moon at specific

locations to study an aspect of the Moon. These landers are contracted out to various US vendors. For example, Astrobotics is providing two landers to NASA which will carry NASA instruments to the moon. Indian industry needs to explore

The NISAR project due for launch in 2024 includes an L-band synthetic aperture radar, a high-rate communication subsystem for science data, GPS receivers, a solid-state recorder and payload data subsystem from NASA.

Artemis Accord Regulations

 Should be for peaceful purposes and in accordance with relevant international law.

 Should be transparent in the broad dissemination of information regarding their national space policies and space exploration plans in accordance with their national rules and regulations

 Plan to share scientific information resulting from their activities pursuant to these Accords with the public and the international scientific community on a good-faith basis, and consistent with Article XI of the Outer Space Treaty.

 Retain the right to communicate and release information to the public regarding their own activities.

 Commitment to openly share scientific data is not intended to apply to private sector operations unless such operations are being conducted on behalf of a Signatory to the Accords.

 Coordinate with each other in advance regarding the public release of information that relates to the other Signatories’ activities under these Accords in order to provide appropriate protection for any proprietary and/or export-controlled information.

 Preserve outer space heritage, which they consider to comprise historically significant human or robotic landing sites, artifacts, spacecraft, and other evidence of activity on celestial bodies in accordance with mutually developed standards and practices.

 Commit to seek to refrain from any intentional actions that may create harmful interference with each other’s use of outer space in their activities under these Accords.

 Commit to provide each other with necessary information regarding the location and nature of space-based activities under these Accords if a Signatory has reason to believe that the other Signatories’ activities may result in harmful interference with or pose a safety hazard to its space-based activities.

 Create a reasonable safety zone to prevent harmful interference.

opportunities in collaboration with American firms who have already been awarded contracts.

Opportunities under the US Department of Commerce and India’s Department of Space, DoS also need to be explored. This may require that the CSJWG include members from the Indian Space industry to take forward the collaboration between American and Indian firms. Indian industry has begun to address the SSA and these efforts could be further enhanced and presents a good opportunity for collaboration under the proposed Planetary Defence programme.

Impact of the Artemis Accord

In this context, it is necessary to examine the benefits, if any, arising from India signing the Artemis Accord.

The Accord mainly concentrates on “civil space activities conducted by the civil space agencies of each Signatory. These activities may take place on the Moon, Mars, comets, and asteroids, including their surfaces and subsurfaces, as well as in orbit of the Moon or Mars, in the Lagrangian points for the Earth-Moon system, and in transit between these celestial bodies and locations”. Clearly earth based activities are excluded.

Currently, Chandrayaan 3 is on its way to the Moon. Its Lander and rover will explore the area near the Lunar south pole. Aditya-L1 is slated to occupy the Lagrangian-1 zone. Since these activities are after India has signed

the Accord the conditions of the Accord should apply.

The Road Ahead

Apart from the CSJWG and the iCET, there are really no other opportunities which have arisen from the Indo-US Joint statement. The CSJWG is akin to a mela. The seventh meeting, held in November 2019, had 52 Indian government and 243 US government participants.

A few glaring questions arise: What would be the outcomes of such a huge gathering? Were there any side meetings which could have led to some concrete decisions? The absence of any industry participation is glaring.

The first move should be for India to bring in private space industries as observers in the

CSJWG. A working group of US and Indian firms could follow, to spell out the possible cooperation.

As of now, the nearest realizable opportunity is that of the CLPS which awaits a NASA-ISRO move to convene an interaction between US and Indian firms.

According to Ranjana Kaul of Dua Associates, there are already many opportunities for private firms with the Government opening Space up to the private sector and the reorganization of DoS but “the moot point to consider for these companies is – at what point in time or when might government allow commercial private launch service providers?”

Further, “Will these companies be permitted to export launchers or provide services from space-

ports in other jurisdiction? If this does not happen and the governing statutes/regulations are not reformed in time how will these companies navigate the way ahead. Perhaps the satellite manufacturers may be able to –but the launcher manufacturers?”

Both the governments are talking about strategic technology partnership and defense industrial cooperation between the governments, businesses, and academic institutions of the two countries. But, as Ranjana points out “How easy/hard is it [for India] to break into the US and possibly the Global market and will the initiatives remove/ lessen roadblocks?”

Susmita Mohanty, Director General, Spaceport SARABHAI, feels that India has to significantly increase its Space budget to be able to play a meaningful role in the Artemis programme.

She also feels that a coalition of space faring nations who have signed the UN Moon Agreement and Artemis Accord be formed to send a message that notwithstanding India signing the Artemis Accord, India is committed to a multilateral approach as enshrined in the Outer Space Treaty and Moon Agreement.

The CSJWG and the iCET, along with the possible NASAISRO initiative for convening an industrial interaction are all very good ideas. Signing the Artemis Accord is a major step forward, though now both the governments need to walk the talk.

Prof. Arup Dasgupta

Managing Editor arup@geospatialworld.net

The CSJWG and the iCET, along with the possible NASA-ISRO initiative for convening an industrial interaction are all very good ideas. Signing the Artemis Accord is a major step forward, though now both the governments need to walk the talk.

Indian PM Narendra Modi and US President Joe Biden

GDMA Uses Geospatial Technology for Sustainable Urban Development

The project is to assess the past, current, and potential status of urbanization in Gurugram in terms of built development, with an aim to contribute towards better, more sustainable spatial planning without hampering the natural ecosystem.

Stakeholders involved

The Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA).

Geospatial Tech Solution

The study involved preparing past, present, and future built-up area maps besides collating statistical evidence that can be incorporated in future plans for better land use management by GMDA.

The study adopted state-of-the-art opensource remote sensing data (Landsat, Digital Elevation Model, Open Street Map, Nighttime Light) and geographic information systems

Objective

1. To leverage Geospatial technologies to understand and quantify local land transformation as a result of existing land use policies post-1991.

2. To predict future urban growth and growth potential in the center until 2030 using past-transition method.

3. To generate qualitative and quantitative input for contributing towards future land policies.

(GIS) to track the past built-up dynamics in terms of built-up growth and empirical measurement of urban sprawl (i.e., infilling, edge expansion and leap frogging) in Gurugram.

The study helps predict future built-up growth pathways under a business-as-usual scenario by leveraging advanced geostatistical techniques.

The maps so produced serve the purpose of reference maps for GMDA when they plan for future interventions in concerned areas, whether in terms of land use planning or services planning, including water and sanitation, infrastructure, and environmental protection measures.

Benefits

1. To measure the urban footprint.

2. To predict future built-up growth pathways under a business-as-usual scenario.

3. To establish future potential built-up growth area maps

Lake Monitoring System for Sustainable Irrigation

The Lake Monitoring and Management System (LMMS) is a crucial initiative under Mission Kakatiya, driven by the Telangana State Government, to restore minor irrigation sources in the region.

Stakeholders Involved

● Funding agency: Irrigation and Command Area Development Authority

● User group: Engineers of Minor Irrigation Department, Government of Telangana

● Solution Design and Execution: IIIT Hyderabad in partnership with Kaiinos Geospatial Technologies

Geospatial Tech Solutions

The primary goal of the Lake Monitoring and Management System is to build capacity among stakeholders in using spatial databases and geospatial information effectively. The system was designed with a 3-Key model, incorporating a spatial database server, a geospatial server, and an application server, along with a mobile application for data verification and collection.

Objective

1. To design and deploy a comprehensive spatial database for lakes based on a 3-Key model.

2. Building capacity in the irrigation department to handle and develop solutions with spatial databases and geospatial information.

The LMMS proved to be a significant success, identifying over 38,000 lakes and water bodies used for minor irrigation across the state. It provided continuous monitoring with reliable spatial information, a pioneering effort in India. The system offered valuable insights for agricultural users, water resources engineers, and decision-makers, aiding in water use planning, contingency planning, and understanding water and land linkages.

The project's alignment with the IGIF Strategic Framework is evident. It secured financial support from the Irrigation and

The project was executed in three phases.

● Phase 1: involved creating a spatial database and conducting pilot tests in one district.

● Phase 2: saw the deployment and scaling up of the system to the entire state, along with extensive training for over 4000 engineers.

● Phase 3: focused on maintaining and supporting the fully operational system and training the e-Governance Wing on geospatial technologies for platform management.

Phase Months 4 8 12 16

Prototyping Phase

Lake Information and Monitoring Solution Deployment

Command Area Development Authority (SP3), developed a comprehensive information system for data management (SP4), involved multiple stakeholders from government, academia, and private industry (SP7), and prioritized capacity building and education for stakeholders (SP8).

LMMS Solution Architecture based on OGC Standards

Summary view of LMMS system and its results

LMMS allows for integration of the multiple sources of Information with Geospatial Data to enrich the understanding of the Water bodies

Made In India

Author: BVR Mohan Reddy

Publisher: Penguin Random House

Reviewed By: Professor

Arup Dasgupta

India will soon get the know-how to build GE aircraft engine in Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. This is a significant deal involving several high technology intellectual property rights, whose protection and safety will be of prime concern. However, this will not be something new.

Infotech Enterprises, now Cyient, a company promoted by Shri B V R Mohan Reddy entered into collaboration with Pratt & Whitney around early 2000s for software services, solutions and engineering services for their aircraft engine products.

Over the 23 years, Cyient has delivered similar services to many big companies, managing the contentious issues of intellectual property rights quite well.

This is just a quick view of one of the critical issues elaborated in the book by B V R Mohan Reddy, the founder-chairman of Cyient, who is a pioneer of engineering design outsourcing services in India.

Dr. Reddy was conferred with Padma Shri in 2017 for his distinguished contribution to trade and industry.

The book traces his story from a typical Indian middle-class

beginnings to heading a billion dollar corporation.

His early background would be quite familiar to lots of Indians –emphasis on education, premier engineering degree, a decent job, settled family life etc. But his entrepreneurial ambition took him from the well-trodden path

to take the road less taken.

This is the story that the book recounts in amazing detail and clarity, with a deep analysis of each step he has taken.

Just like every kid who aspires to be a bus driver, Dr. Reddy’s childhood dream was to be a road

roller engineer, perhaps highlighting his precocious fascination with heavy machinery and engineering.

After completing his studies, he took up a job but with a view to work in each branch of industry, from manufacturing to sales to grasp a complete view that is needed by an entrepreneur.

He worked on Refrigeration, EDP, and Sales. Taking time off from work, he pursued MS in Industrial Operations and Management from the University of Michigan, where he sits on the leadership advisory board today.

Inspired by the legendary Raj Reddy, the first Asian to win the coveted Turing Prize, touted to be the ‘Computer Science Nobel’ and a pioneer of AI and robotics research, he headed a new joint sector company, OMC Computers.

This opened up the digital world of CAD, CAM and CAE, giving a direction to his entrepreneurial dreams.

Starting from his home dining room based CAD digitization for GM’s Electromotive division, Infotech Enterprises moved towards map digitization. There were many hiccups from a broken dining table to digitizing maps without understanding map projections.

BOOK REVIEW

However, what’s noteworthy is that each time a recovery was mounted with domain experts brought in to cover the knowledge gap. The book covers the successful journey of Infotech Enterprises from the recounting of the growing pains, the acknowledgement of quality work, and on-time delivery. The growth story included finding partners and losing them without rancor.

The journey was always onwards and upwards, expanding into new frontiers and territories – pure IT services, software development, engineering design and beyond.

As the company grew, it ventured boldly into overseas M&A, Engineering services with Pratt & Whitney, Bombardier and many other new verticals.

The second part of the book looks at many aspects of running an MNC, covering the importance of good processes, quality and the need for certification. It also looks at the need to be customer-centric and focusing on developing, nurturing and retaining people as they are the most valuable asset of a company. Indeed a family like atmosphere and care goes a long way in a fruitful professional association.

The book also delves into the need for a flexible business strategy and the need to continuously transform to move with the times. This need a level of thinking way beyond mundane everyday details. The book extolls the value of thrift at all times, particularly when a company goes public.

How to handle crisis is well covered in Chapter 15 of part two with plenty of examples. The last chapter covers the importance of ensuring sustainability in terms of growth and management of a company as it matures and moves into the future.

There are many books by management gurus, but this one is by a technocrat who has dirtied and sometimes burnt his hands, while diving into actual practice and learning valuable lessons, making it appealing as well as educative to budding entrepreneurs and other aspirants and dreamers.

Inspired by the legendary Raj Reddy, the first Asian to win the coveted Turing Prize, touted to be the ‘Computer Science Nobel’ and a pioneer of AI and robotics research, he headed a new joint sector company, OMC Computers.

Former President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Shri Mohan Reddy Venkat Rama Bodanapu

CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE STATIONS (CORS) NETWORK:

Pan India CORS Network is being established by Survey of India, to achieve centimetre level accuracy position in real time.

Total 1008 Continuously operating stations will be established in entire country, which will be capable of providing better than 3 cm accuracy in Real Time.

CORS Network in state of Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Punjab, Karnataka and Maharashtra is operational and services are available on SoI service Portal.

Real-time and Precision positioning services by SoI’s CORS Network, are being offered on No charge basis for 3 months from 1st June, 2022 to all citizens in the state of U.P., Uttrakhand, Haryana, N.C.R., Maharashtra and Karnataka.

http://cors.surveyofindia.gov.in

ArcGIS GeoBIM

Connecting projects and assets in context

ArcGIS GeoBIM delivers an innovative, easy-to-use web-based experience for teams to explore and collaborate on BIM projects and issues, using data from multiple systems in a geospatial context. AEC and operations teams can easily work with linked data and documentation in configurable web apps to simplify communication and collaboration.

See all your project activity on one map

Keep your project and asset data organized

Minimize costly model conversions by connecting to the source

Communicate project information easily and securely