Digital Design - Module 02 Semester 1, 2018 Girvan Christian Tenggono (917833) Siavash Malek + Studio 18
Week Three
Reading: Kolerevic B. 2003. Architecture in the Digital Age
Kolarevic described three fundamental type of fabrication techniques in the reading. Outline the three techniques and discuss the potential of Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication with parametric modelling. (150 words max)
The three fundamental type of fabrication techniques are: (1) Subtractive Fabrication, (2) Additive Fabrication and (3) Formative Fabrication. Subtractive Fabrication is described as a technique where the removal of a specific volume or material is done from a solid, using electro-, chemically- or mechanically-reductive processes. Additive Fabrication is a process where materials are added in layers, the process is done by creating a digital solid model, then slicing it in 2-dimensional layers; then the information is used by the manufacturing machine to recreate the physical product by layers. Lastly, Formative fabrication is the reshaping or deformation of a material by using mechanical forces, restricting forms, heat or steam. Computer Numeric Controlled (CNC) fabrication is a fabrication process using a dedicated computer system to perform basic controlled function over the movement of a machine tool using a set of coded instruction. Machines are most commonly found in a 3 axis setup (X, Y and Z). This set up will allow cutting of basic shapes and there are also CNC routers which are 4, 5 or even 6 axis, where the machines are able to create more complex shapes. The appli-cation of CNC fabrication with parametric modelling is a prospect in the production industry. The CNC machine can create more complex shapes while reducing the number of people needed for production, a skilled individual may operate multiple machines. CNC machines complement parametric modelling well since the iteration from the parametric can be trans-ferred directly to the CNC machines, increasing the production rate and the accuracy of the production.
2
Week Three
Surface Creation
The surfaces are developed by creating a script for a cube, then 4 points are taken from the cube to be connected together creating 2 curves that will be turned into a surface. The steps are repeated with different points, thus creating 2 different surfaces.
Iterations are done multiple times, utilizing the parametric nature of the grasshopper software to create a dynamic surface interaction that is harder to achieve using other methods. The iteration begins with creating 2 surfaces facing each other, then crossing and intersecting each other. Finally, the selected surface iteration is the one where the surface intertwined without touching each other.
3
Week Four Panels & Waffle
The surfaces are made to intertwine against each other to create a sense of dynamism. Openings are created on one side to enable light to penetrate through the surface. The gradual increase of panel height created a threshold from 2D to 3D creating a dynamic texture for the users to experience.
4
The waffle structure framed the panels without losing the dynamic twisting behaviour of the panels. The waffle acts as a frame, a threshold mediating the user from the structure.
Week Four
Laser Cutting
The panels are created by using the Rhino unroll command, the number of panels joined is adjusted so that no faces would overlap. Then, tabs are added to the panels so that connection is possible. The waffles are created using grasshopper, the panels are oriented to the x plane and text tags are added to keep track of the waffle. Then a copy of the laser cutting is made where cut lines and numbers are removed. The other copy is kept for reference when the structure is constructed. The shapes are then adjusted to join each other, overlapping curves are removed by using the “make 2D� command, then the panels are sent to be cut on an Ivory card while the waffles are to be cut on a mount-board.
Raster lines are used instead of
Parts are joined together to
cut lines to remove the use of
maximise the cutting efficiency,
tape.
reducing time and cost.
5
Week Five
The creation of the boolean form started with creating a solid box with the grasshopper script. The solid box was then cellulated into a 3x3 box which after using the attractor points and attractor curves gave a variation of iterations. Then using the created grid shapes are inserted to create more iterations with the different sizes.
6
The iterations are done to achieve a gradual shift in texture from smooth to rough. Initially, only spheres are used to see the initial effect. Then the spheres are replaced with complex shapes that gradually gained more sides. The final iteration was achieved by having spheres on one side then the shapes became more complex to the other side. The shift from smooth to rough was the most apparent here.
Week Five
Isometric
The final iteration is later booleaned further to create a smaller section. The section is chosen due to the shapes adhering to the initial idea of transition from smooth to rough. The shape was later oriented where the most open part is facing up to reduce the number of supporting structures when it is 3D printed thus strengthening the structure as a result. The model took 3 hours to print and sanding is required to smoothen the surface. There are several qualities achieved by the model. Various sized negative space accommodates the public and private, changing the porosity and permeability of the space. The openings start from a circle to more complex shapes, this created a threshold of texture from smooth to rough; thus, encouraging a dynamic user interaction with space. There are openings on the structure that lights up the area underneath them, enhancing the visual experience with the space, and the irregular shape of the structure casts organic shaped shadows that change according to the light source.
7
Week Six Task 01 Lofts Interaction
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Key Chosen Iteration Points
0
1
2
4
8
Panel Shape and Opening Exploration
2.1
0
1
2
4
Panel Height Exploration
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.2
3.3
3.4
Tall - Short Flip
4.1
0
1
4.2
2
4
4.3
4.4
The waffle structure framed the panels without losing the twisting behaviour of the panels.
8
The panels with no openings capture the lights and the shadows coming from the openings of the opposite panels.
explored on the panel and the panels with smaller but more openings were chosen so the light input would not be as heavy as the previous iteration where the opening was bigger. Lastly, iterations on the panel height were made. The chosen one was the one where the panels gradually rise from short to tall, creating an effect of the threshold from smooth to rough.
8
The twisting shape of the panels implicitly direct the users on how to circulate through the space.
The first iterations were on the lofts interaction. To achieve an effect of dynamic movement the chosen loft was the one where the lofts are intertwined with each other. The next iterations were the shape of the panels. The iteration with more triangulation is not chosen because it is easier to read the surface when all of the panels are facing the same way. The opening was also
8
3.1
Task 01 Matrix
The waffle acts as a frame, a threshold mediating the user from the structure.
9
Week Six Task 02 Cellulation Variation
1.1
Attractor Points
2.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Key Chosen Iteration Attractor Points Attractor Curves Cellulation Shift
0
1
2.2
2
4
Shape Exploration
3.2
Boolean Result
4.2
4.1
1
2
4
2.4
8
3.1
0
2.3
3.3
3.4
4.3
4.4
8
10
Task 02 Matrix The first iterations made was on the cellulation of the cube. Attractor points and curves were explored, the final iteration was chosen due to the dramatic effect produced, without losing the orderly pattern. The second iterations were made by using point attractors to change the shape of the volume that was put in the previous cellulated grids. The third iterations were made to explore the shapes and the boolean result is shown on the fourth matrix row. The chosen iteration was the one where it successfully created a gradual threshold from soft to rough, various volume sizes and various shaped openings.
11
Week Six
Final Isometric Views
12
Appendix
Process
Design Inspiration Fine Arts inspiration - Task 1: Vincent Van Gogh’s Starry Night
Fine Arts inspiration - Task 1: Vincent Van Gogh’s Sunflowers (fourth version)
Building inspiration - Task 1: Santiago Calatrava’s Turning Torso
Building inspiration - Task 2: Steven Holl’s Oceanic Pavilion
13
Appendix Process
Grasshopper script exploration Task 1 (Top-left), Task 2 (Bottom-right)
14
Appendix
Process
Model photography
15
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
DIagram Exploration using Illustrator Task 1
0
1
2
4
8
The twisting shape of the panels implicitly direct the users on how to circulate through the space.
The gradual increase of panel height created a threshold from 2D to 3D creating a dynamic texture for the users to experience.
The openings enable light to penetrate through the panels creating an elaborate visual experience.
16
The waffle structure framed the panels without losing the twisting behaviour of the panels.
The panels with no openings capture the lights and the shadows coming from the openings of the opposite panels.
The waffle acts as a frame, a threshold mediating the user from the structure.
0
1
2
4
8
Task 2
Various sized negative space accomodates the public and private.
A various amount of articulation iterations could be achieved by scaling the structure up or down.
Movement is directed through the shape of the structure.
The openings start from a sphere, then to more complex shapes creating a threshold of texture from smooth to rough; thus, encouraging a dynamic user interaction with the space.
The irregular shape of the structure casts organically shaped shadows that change according to the light source.
17
Openings light up the area underneath them, enhancing the visual experience with the space.
Pin Up Boards
1.3
1.4
Key Chosen Iteration Points
0
1
2
4
2.1
4
Cellulation Shift
2.3
2.4
Panel Height Exploration
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
3.2
3.3
3.4
Tall - Short Flip
4.1
1
4.2
2
4
4.3
4.4
8
0
The twisting shape of the panels implicitly direct the users on how to circulate through the space.
The gradual increase of panel height created a threshold from 2D to 3D creating a dynamic texture for the users to experience.
1
2
4
8
8
3.1
0
Chosen Iteration Attractor Curves
Boolean Result
2.2
2
Key
1.4
Attractor Points
0 1
1.3
8
2.1
0
1.2
Shape Exploration
Panel Shape and Opening Exploration
1.1
Attractor Points
1.2
Cellulation Variation
Lofts Interaction
1.1
The waffle structure framed the panels without losing the twisting behaviour of the panels.
The panels with no openings capture the lights and the shadows coming from the openings of the opposite panels.
1
2
4
8
The waffle acts as a frame, a threshold mediating the user from the structure.
The openings enable light to penetrate through the panels creating an elaborate visual experience.
Various sized negative space accomodates the public and private.
A various amount of articulation iterations could be achieved by scaling the structure up or down.
Movement is directed through the shape of the structure.
The openings start from a sphere, then to more complex shapes creating a threshold of texture from smooth to rough; thus, encouraging a dynamic user interaction with the space.
The irregular shape of the structure casts organically shaped shadows that change according to the light source.
Openings light up the area underneath them, enhancing the visual experience with the space.