Life Cycle Analysis Research Natalie Hunt
Biofuel Produc2on Feedstock Produc2on
Feedstock Storage & Transport
Pre-‐Processing & Bio-‐refining
Fuel Distribu2on & End Use
Regional Energy System
Where are we? Feedstock Produc2on
Feedstock Storage & Transport
Pre-‐Processing & Bio-‐refining
Fuel Distribu2on & End Use
Regional Energy System
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LCA of Carbon ! Level A Head Level B Head • Level C Head
Industrial
Biological www.glbrc.org
Spatial Boundaries
Spatial Boundaries
Spatial Boundaries
Spatial Boundaries
Carbon Cycle 101
BIOME-BGC ! Biome = characterized by flora, fauna, and climate ! BGC = BioGeochemical Cycles ! Es2mates fluxes and storage of:
Energy Water Carbon Nitrogen
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Crop Residues
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Crop Residue Functions ! ! ! ! !
Soil Organic MaXer Soil Nutrient Reten2on Water Reten2on Microbial and Macroinvertebrate Ac2vity Carbon Sequestra2on
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Residue Removal Impacts ! ! ! ! !
Soil Organic MaXer Produc2vity Loss Soil Nutrient Loss and Runoff Water Reten2on Soil Erosion Microbial and Macroinvertebrate Ac2vity Carbon Sequestra2on SOC Decrease
Possible Bioenergy Futures ! <Insert Soil C graph here>
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Our Bioenergy Future?
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Current Biofuels Policy ! Federal Level Renewable Fuels Standards (RFS2) Biomass Crop Assistance Program Food Conserva2on and Energy Act of 2008
www.glbrc.org
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Current Biofuels Policy ! Wisconsin Level • Ethanol and Biodiesel Fueling Sta2on Tax Credit • Alterna2ve Fuel Tax Refund for Taxis • Alterna2ve Fuel Vehicle • Office for Energy Independence 25% by 2025 • Clean Energy Jobs Act
www.glbrc.org
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Indirect Land Use Effects ! Increased produc2on of biofuel crops may
lead to expansion of corn acreage, resul2ng in addi2onal GHG emissions from land use change. Included in RFS2 Complex
www.glbrc.org
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Alternative Residue Management ! ! ! ! ! !
One Pass Harves2ng Par2al Removal Alterna2ng Harvest Intensive Management Delayed Harvest Nutrient and Carbon Recycling www.glbrc.org
Life Cycle Analysis ! Pick your subject Cellulosic ethanol
! What will you measure? GhG, soil C, Nitrogen
! Define your system boundary Beginning and End
! Produc2on Inputs and Outputs
Life Cycle Analysis ! Alloca2on Mass, market, system expansion, subs2tu2on
! Collect your Data Consistency!
! Comparison ! Sensi2vity Analysis