IMIESA April 2017

www.infrastructurene.ws

IMESA The official magazine of the Institute of Municipal Engineering of Southern Africa

infrastructure development • Maintenance • service delivery

the next generation i n d u s t r y Developing of engineering professionals

INSIGHT Sipho Madonsela CEO, ECSA

Barloworld Equipment

Trenchless News

Cape Flats 3 Bulk Sewer breakthrough

Paving South Africa

Sanitation

City of Johannesburg

Community casting creates jobs

Addressing service delivery

IN THE HOT SEAT Our SLP objectives meet the requirements of our mining right, while Sasol Ikusasa goes well beyond this and is part of our corporate social investment programme.”

Dr Sarel Booyens Senior Manager: Mining Rights and SLP, Sasol Mining P10 ISSN 0257 1978

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Contents

IMESA

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The offic ial mag azine of the Insti tute l of Mun icipa Engi neer ing Afric a of Sout hern

INFR AST RUC

TUR E DEV ELO

INDUSTRY INSIGHT

PME NT • MAI

NTE NAN CE

• SERV ICE DEL

IVERY

volume 42 no. 04 April 2017

27

Municipal Focus Coal and the community

CONSULTING IN AFRICA Exporting South African construction

eration the next gen als Developing profession of engineering

onse la Siph o Mad CEO , ECS A

d Barloworlnt Equipme a

Trenchless News

Paving Sout

Bulk Cape Flats 3 hrough Sewer breakt

Sanitation Community

casting create

h Afric

nn es bu rg Cit y of Jo ha vice delivery Add res sin g

s jobs

IN THE HOT

SEAT

ser

sa

l Ikusa , while Saso mining right ents of our programme.” the requirem l investment ctives meet corporate socia P10 Our SLP obje is part of our Sasol Mining nd this and Rights and SLP, goes well beyo • R50.00 ager: Mining April 2017 Man • or 4 0 . o 2 N Booyens Seni Vo l u m e 4

Dr Sarel

Regulars ) ( i n c l . VAT

1978 ISSN 0257

New paving equipment acquisitions form part of Mogoba Maphuthi and Associates’ turnkey solutions strategy for road construction. P6

Editor’s Comment President’s Comment Africa Round-up Index to Advertisers

Cover Story Paving South Africa

Roads & Bridges 3 5 8 72

6

Hot Seat Sasol’s investment in social infrastructure

10

Municipal Focus: Govan Mbeki Coal and the community

12

14

Municipal Focus: City of Johannesburg

HOT SEAT Dr Sarel Booyens, senior manager: Mining Rights and SLP at Sasol Secunda, talks about Sasol Mining’s implementation of community projects within Govan Mbeki Municipality. P10

31

Roads & Bridges Exploring waste glass in hot-mix asphalt

Addressing Joburg’s delivery challenges Turning service delivery around

36 39

Transport, Logistics, Vehicles & Equipment Taking oscillation to new levels The rise in milling rentals A mass excavation leader Leading the truck and bus market

Microtunnelling through Cape Town HDD breakthrough in Tshwane Upsizing pipelines using trenchless techniques Delivering world-class trenchless technologies Promoting trenchless tech in Southern Africa

41 43 46 47

50 54 56 60 62

Water & Water Storage 19 21

The key to quality filtration Securing Kariba Dam

Consulting in Africa

Human Settlements

Designs that empower African communities 24 Exporting South African construction 27 Botswana geared for growth 30

Getting your concrete right

43

31

Trenchless News

Industry Insight Developing the next generation of engineering professionals

Exploring waste glass in hot-mix asphalt Creative ways to extend infrastructure Building on solid foundations

63 64

66

Cement & Concrete Community casting creates jobs

Transport, Logistics, Vehicles & Equipment The rise in milling rentals

54

69

Trenchless News HDD breakthrough in Tshwane

EDITOR’s comment Publisher Elizabeth Shorten MANAGING EDITOR Alastair Currie SENIOR JOURNALIST Danielle Petterson Head OF DESIGN Beren Bauermeister Chief SUB-EDITOR Tristan Snijders SUB-EDITOR Morgan Carter ContributorS Joseph K Anochie-Boateng, Gavin Clunnie, Theresa B George, Alaster Goyns CLIENT SERVICES & Production MANAGEr Antois-Leigh Botma Production coordinator Jacqueline Modise, Zenobia Daniels financial manager Andrew Lobban MARKETING MANAGER Mpinane Senkhane HEAD: DIGITAL MARKETING Roxanne Segers Administration Tonya Hebenton DISTRIBUTION MANAGER Nomsa Masina Distribution coordinator Asha Pursotham SUBSCRIPTIONS subs@3smedia.co.za Printers United Litho Johannesburg +27 (0)11 402 0571 ___________________________________________________ Advertising Sales Jenny Miller Tel: +27 (0)11 467 6223 Email: jennymiller@lantic.net ___________________________________________________

Publisher: media No. 9, 3rd Avenue, Rivonia 2056 PO Box 92026, Norwood 2117 Tel: +27 (0)11 233 2600 Fax: +27 (0)11 234 7274/5 www.3smedia.co.za Annual subscription: R550.00 (INCL VAT) ISSN 0257 1978 IMIESA, Inst.MUNIC. ENG. S. AFR. © Copyright 2017. All rights reserved. ___________________________________________________ IMESA CONTACTS HEAD OFFICE: Manager: King Singh P.O. Box 2190, Westville, 3630 Tel: +27 (0)31 266 3263 Fax: +27 (0)31 266 5094 Email: admin@imesa.org.za Website: www.imesa.org.za BORDER Secretary: Celeste Vosloo Tel: +27 (0)43 705 2433 Fax: +27 (0)43 743 5266 Email: celestev@buffalocity.gov.za EASTERN CAPE Secretary: Susan Canestra Tel: +27 (0)41 585 4142 ext. 7 Fax: +27 (0)41 585 1066 Email: imesaec@imesa.org.za KWAZULU-NATAL Secretary: Ingrid Botton Tel: +27 (0)31 266 3263 Fax:+27 (0)31 266 5094 Email: imesakzn@imesa.org.za NORTHERN PROVINCE Secretary: Rona Fourie Tel: +27 (0)82 742 6364 Fax: +27 (0)86 634 5644 Email: np@imesa.org.za SOUTHERN CAPE KAROO Secretary: Henrietta Olivier Tel: +27 (0)79 390 7536 Fax: +27 (0)86 629 7490 Email: imesasck@imesa.org.za

Data mining municipal shortfalls

O

ne of the key infrastructure drivers, and funders – directly or indirectly – in South Africa and the African market is the mining sector, which – as we know – has experienced a severe downtown due to a sharp drop in global demand and thus commodity prices.

However, there are signs of an inevitable reversal in fortunes and the general view by economists is that the market bottomed out in 2016. There are signs of a recovery this year and buoyant prospects from 2018.

The mining economy is a key factor for many of South Africa’s municipalities, so a rebound in this sector is a critical factor. Towns like Rustenburg in the North West, which serves the platinum belt, and Postmasburg, located in South Africa’s iron ore and manganese region in the Northern Cape, were experiencing massive growth just a few years ago, but are now under financial strain. But they will weather the storm, given that South Africa currently ranks as the world’s largest platinum producer and the same applies to manganese. The country also sits at around fifth place for global iron ore output.

SLP investments For affected municipalities and communities located in mining zones, the Social and Labour Plan (SLP) contributions made in terms of the Mining Charter are an important contributor, filling in shortfalls in their respective infrastructure grant funding. An example in this issue is Sasol Mining’s proactive engagement with Mpumalanga’s Govan Mbeki Municipality (GMM) in rolling out critical infrastructure. Areas include water and sanitation, fire protection services, and housing.

SLP funding certainly helps but for municipalities like GMM, there’s a clear understanding that the lion’s share will always be sourced from property rates; water, wastewater and electricity tariffs; and municipal infrastructure grants.

Across South Africa, the ability to implement

Standard Chart of Accounts On the finance front, municipalities should now be at an advanced stage of implementing the municipal Standard Chart of Accounts (mSCOA). The deadline set by National Treasury is 1 July 2017. The mSOCA initiative aims to revitalise financial reporting efficiencies. All municipalities will have to capture their financial transactions against a predefined classification framework, which will result in uniformity of line items in terms of revenue, expenditure, assets and liabilities.

According to National Treasury, “The implementation of mSCOA will result in the consistent application of the municipal ‘accountability cycle’ from planning, budgeting, implementation, to monitoring and reporting and ultimately improved service delivery.”

Every citizen plays their part by paying for the essential services that will build our infrastructure landscape and economy.

Alastair Currie To our avid readers, check out what we are talking about on our website, Facebook page or follow us on Twitter and have your say.

WESTERN CAPE Secretary: Michelle Ackerman Tel: +27 (0)21 444 7114 Email: imesawc@imessa.org.za FREE STATE & NORTHERN CAPE Secretary: Wilma Van Der Walt Tel: +27 (0)83 457 4362 Fax: +27 (0)86 628 0468 Email: imesafsnc@imesa.org.za

municipal infrastructure roll-outs is being hampered by trading losses stemming from non-payment of services, especially electricity and water. This is being compounded by illegal connections.

GMM’s reported electricity distribution losses for the 2015/16 period peaked at 54%. Non-technical losses were around 44%. A similar pattern has been experienced during the 2016/17 period.

‘Operation Kodiko, pay or be switched off’ is GMM’s current campaign response. It sends out a clear message and ultimatum to the community, which owes GMM around R694 million for services.

In March 2017, Eskom suspended its planned interruption of bulk power supply to GMM after an agreement was reached for the settlements of their debts. Part of the solution is GMM’s widespread installation of smart meters, which can be turned off remotely when defaulters don’t pay up.

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INDUSTRY Kannig adu Brian Martin Group CEO, BMK founde r and

Infrastructure News

IMESA

Cover opportunity

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In each issue, IMIESA offers advertisers the opportunity to get to the front of the line by placing a company, product or service on the front cover of the journal. Buying this position will afford the advertiser the cover story and maximum exposure. For more information on cover bookings, contact Jenny Miller on +27 (0)11 467 6223.

All material herein IMIESA is copyright protected and may not be reproduced either in whole or in part without the prior written permission of the publisher. The views of the authors do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute of Municipal Engineering of Southern Africa or the publishers. s Municipal Focu for Smart water Rustenburg

Materials Constructionting Selec walling energy-efficient

IN THE HOT

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SEAT

capable of tackling us more than s and cturing makes : New Account e in manufa Gwagwa director Our vast expertis projects.” Mava even the biggest 50.00 2017 • R P10 • March 2 No.03 s, SBS Tanks Vo l u m e 4 New Busines 257 1978 ISSN 0

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IMIESA April 2017

3

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President’s comment

IMESA

Working together for positive change Sustainability is the driving force behind a broad range of interventions that will shape the future of our built environment. Municipal engineers contribute to this by finding innovative ways to construct a better life for all within the financial mechanisms available.

A

s municipal engineers, we serve as positive-change agents in an environment constrained by shrinking infrastructure budgets.

As IMESA members, we work in either the public or the private sector, often with extensive experience in both at some point in our career. Frequently, we carry professional registration and are responsible for design, construction and project management. These disciplines are all rapidly evolving and it’s our job to make sure that we keep up to date and deliver the best result possible for our clients, be they public or private. That’s because they all interconnect and are essential in driving macroeconomic growth.

As we focus on sustainable excellence in 2017 – which is our theme for the 81st IMESA conference in October this year – let’s harness our collective skills to ensure that spending is effectively implemented.

Sanitation and housing are pressing needs, but they compete fiercely at the top of the list with many others priorities, like roads, stormwater and, upper most, employment creation.

One of the most prominent trends in South Africa is a growing indigent population around virtually all towns and cities. They come in from rural areas looking for work, so we need to help those who would rather build a life at home. That means creating capacity, which is dependent on skills generation, and from a construction perspective, the development of

SMMEs in essential fields like roads, housing, water and sanitation. As municipal engineers, we are here to design and implement any community infrastructure project, which includes SMME mentorship development.

We know that funding is limited, that’s why innovation is the key, especially when it comes to incoming revenue. Essentially, there are three main revenue sources for municipalities: property rates; water, wastewater and electricity tariffs; and Municipal Infrastructure Grants. We are all aware that electricity tariffs are one of the main municipal sources of income, and that non-payment and illegal connections are placing many of these entities under major financial stress.

While major metros buy electricity from Eskom in bulk and then resell it, most rural municipalities don’t have access to this revenuegenerating opportunity. In rural areas, Eskom sells directly to consumers via retail outlets in small towns. Either way, we need smart metering systems to circumvent non-payment, and the downstream impact this has on general public delivery.

For rural towns, there are sustainable alternatives: most notably micro-grids.

These can be solar or wind generated, always with municipal revenue stream collection, and we want to build them now.

Let’s work closely to attract domestic and foreign investment for these and other

“As municipal engineers, we are here to design and implement any community infrastructure project, which includes SMME mentorship development.”

infrastructure initiatives. But first, let’s look at what’s available from National Treasury between now and 2019.

2017 budget provision In South Africa’s 2017 budget, a sizeable portion addresses municipal needs over the next three years. For example, R114.8 bn has been allocated for subsidised public housing; R94.4 bn for water resources and bulk infrastructure; and R142.6 bn to support affordable public transport.

Expenditure for the 2016/17 period for human settlements and municipal infrastructure is estimated at R179.8 bn, according to National Treasury. The anticipated expenditure in this category rises to R195.8 bn for the 2017/18 period, and R210.2 bn and R226.4 bn for 2018/19 and 2019/20, respectively.

Breaking down the R195.8 billion allocated for 2017/18, the municipal equitable share and infrastructure grant gets R72.9 bn; human settlements, water and electrification programmes, R52.8 bn; public transport, R44.1 bn; and other human settlements and municipal infrastructure, R26 bn.

These are good numbers to work with, but we won’t achieve our ultimate goals without more foreign and domestic investment, together with the municipal IMESA president engineers dedicated to Gavin Clunnie implementing these and other programmes.

IMIESA April 2017

5

cover story

Paving

South Africa New paving equipment acquisitions form part of Mogoba Maphuthi and Associates’ turnkey solutions strategy for road construction.

M

ogoba Maphuthi and Associates (MMA) is a 100%-black-owned company celebrating its 10th anniversary in May this year. When it opened its doors in Pretoria in 2007, the company’s core business was civil and structural engineering consulting and project management.

However, MMA found that its customers, largely concentrated in government, preferred to award turnkey projects. The firm took up the challenge by launching a construction division with its own employee complement. Since then, a second office has opened in Blue Water Bay, Port Elizabeth, to support a significant workload in the Eastern Cape.

MMA’s work revolves mainly around road rehabilitation and the building of new roads. “We have always been equipped to undertake the construction works, but since we began the construction business back in 2009 we have outsourced asphalt paving activities,” says Thabo Hlabela, chairman, MMA.

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IMIESA April 2017

“We didn’t have the specialised equipment in our earthmoving fleet for paving so we left it to the professionals.”

Taking paving in-house Last year, however, the directors of MMA decided it was time to invest in their own paving machine. “We have trained people to do the surfacing in-house and it’s expensive to hire in the equipment so it was time to fill this gap in our roadbuilding fleet,” says Hlabela.

MMA ordered a Cat AP600F asphalt paver from Barloworld Equipment in November 2016, becoming the first customer in South Africa to take delivery of this new model early this year. It is Barloworld Equipment’s second AP600F sale, the first having been ordered by Alva Ventures SA in Angola in March 2016.

“We are delighted with the machine,” says Hlabela. “It is highly automated, which makes it very easy to operate. We can’t believe how much more we can achieve in a day.”

“We now have all the equipment we need to build a road, from start to finish, without the assistance of other contractors or suppliers.”

TOP MMA’s Cat AP600F paver deployed on an urban road surfacing project in Roodekop, Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality. This Cat AP600F is equipped with the Cat SE50 VT screed system, which delivers excellent ride and mat qualities ABOVE The Cat AP600F’s auto-fill feeder system alternates between running the augers and conveyors, helping operators build a proper head of material from the start

He says Barloworld Equipment’s after-sales service and product support team will support the new Cat paver in addition to the rest of MMA’s Cat machines, including a 140K grader acquired in 2015 and a CW34 pneumatic compactor purchased in 2016.

With contracts popping up all over the country, Hlabela says MMA never knows where its teams will be going next. “Barloworld Equipment’s national footprint is a great advantage to us and, in our experience, Barloworld’s after-sales service teams are always available to assist in case of problems.” He recalls being impressed by the response time when

Cover story the 140K grader needed servicing while processing the base layer on a contract in the Eastern Cape. “I contacted the Isando office and received a call from my site agent the following day to say the Barloworld Equipment mechanic was onsite attending to the machine.”

What makes the Cat AP600F unique?

The Cat AP600F wheeled paver was launched in Southern Africa in April 2016.

Johan Hartman, industry manager: Global Paving, Forestry & Waste at Barloworld Equipment, believes this machine offers the best value for money in the Southern African market.

“Lower owning and operating costs, ease of operation and new technology that simplifies the job are the factors that set the Cat AP600F apart from competing machines,” says Hartman. A quick-heating screed system, which increases production and saves time, is another key feature of the Cat AP600F. Hartman adds that a second Cat AP600F sold by Barloworld Equipment in South Africa was invoiced in March 2017 and a third is due to arrive in the country in May.

Technology Touchscreen displays provide increased flexibility for operating and adjusting the machine. Controls for new technology features are accessed through the touchscreen.

The most frequently used functions are still controlled by switches.

The new single-button auto-fill feeder system simplifies set-up and helps provide consistency for operators of different skill and experience levels.

From left to right Johan Hartman, industry manager: Global Paving, Barloworld Equipment; Patience Hlabela, managing director: MMA; Thabo Hlabela, chairman: MMA; Sithokozile Sithole, CEO: MMA; and Calvin Jantjes, sales professional: Barloworld Equipment

providing a single-source solution to all paving needs,” Hartman explains.

Screed options Fuel efficiency

Operator controls

Fuel-saving eco-mode is standard on the AP600F. When used with automatic enginespeed control, eco-mode efficiently manages engine speed to optimise fuel economy, reduce noise and keep the paver running smoothly. The control automatically adjusts rpm when the engine reaches a high load threshold or needs additional cooling.

“Depending on the application, this system can allow an operator to save up to 20% in fuel consumption compared with the engine running at full rpm,” says Hartman.

The operator console features enhanced functionality. Controls are simple and flexible and operator consoles incorporate millioncycle keypad switches that are more modern and durable than traditional toggle switches.

Those who prefer limited options have an organised, efficient control system at their fingertips. Those who want to use more functions can access various menus through the touchscreen.

Paver operators can make various screed adjustments without leaving their seats. Cat Grade Control can now be operated from the tractor consoles if desired. A single-button feeder system does the work of four switches. The auto-fill button alternates between running the augers and conveyors, helping operators build a proper head of material from the start.

Integrated generator and screed heating system An integrated 70 kW generator, the power behind the new screed heating system, is another fuel-saving enhancement.

The generator is directly connected to the paver engine and operates as a core part of the machine. The refined heat distribution of the screed platform combines with the generator to bring the screed to the right temperature in about 15 minutes at a 5 m width and 25 minutes at a 10 m width, compared with the previous 30 to 45 minutes.

The paver runs at about 1 300 rpm while heating, compared with 2 200 rpm in some competitive machines.

Cat Grade control To ensure consistent results, improve production and lower operating costs, the factory-integrated Cat Grade Control guidance system helps remove irregularities from the surface and control mat thickness.

“Barloworld Equipment offers exceptional knowledge of the grade and slope system, as well as paver and screed operation,

The SE50 VT screed with vibration and tamper bars is a complete redesign by Caterpillar that delivers excellent ride and mat qualities together with versatility in urban areas. It offers a maximum paving range of 8 m.

Quick-change screed extensions make it easy to maximise lift widths. One person can make the changes easily thanks to the slotted mainframe extensions and strike-off plates. Integrated hooks help with extension assembly and alignment. Power controls leverage hydraulics to attach and remove the self-latching screed extensions easily.

Track paver Barloworld Equipment also offers the Cat AP655F track paver, available in steel track or the Mobil-Trac System (MTS) for better traction and stability and wider screed width for highway and airport projects.

The MTS, available with treaded or smooth tracks, combines the traction of track pavers with the speed and mobility of wheeled pavers.

www.barloworld-equipment.com

IMIESA April 2017

7

ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE NEWS

FROM AROUND THE CONTINENT

& Togo

Benin

30 km road upgrade The republics of Benin and Togo have received US$40.8 million to finance the reinforcement of the Lomé– Cotonou Road and protect it against coastal erosion.

The project involves the road being upgraded into a four-lane 30 km section linking the capitals of both countries, as well as an important coastal protection programme.

The road upgrade will reinforce and secure the missing link on the Togolese portion of the Abidjan-Lagos corridor, a strategic route for the movement of people and goods in western Africa. As a consequence, the project will consolidate regional integration and improve living conditions of

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IMIESA April 2017

1.7 million people living in the project area.

Located on the major axis linking Togo and Benin, the Avépozo–Aného Road section is particularly vulnerable to coastal erosion and faces rising traffic volumes. The construction of 28 barriers, or groynes, and reinforcement of sand on exposed beaches aim to reduce erosion of the coastline from 20 m per year to 1 m a year.

The coastal erosion works will be completed by an institutional support programme for authorities of both countries.

The project will finance, in particular, the establishment of a coastal protection management structure, the launch of coastal protection studies, the setting up of an early warning system alongside sensitisation campaigns targeted at

the vulnerable populations.

Concerning the level of service on the corridor itself, the project will facilitate the activities of the logistic operators, also financing a one-stop border post at the Togo/Benin border, and promoting customs systems harmonisation. Once complete in 2020, the average travel time between Lomé and Cotonou is expected to be reduced from 11 hours to five hours for trucks.

Ethiopia & South Sudan Building new links Ethiopia and South Sudan have signed several bilateral agreements for the construction of two major link roads.

Under these agreements, the construction of two roads – the

Gambella-Pagak-Palouge and Dima-Raad-Boma-Bor roads – will be prioritised. These roads will link southern and central Ethiopia to Bor in central South Sudan, and further north to the oil fields in Palouge.

Early reports indicate that Ethiopia will finance the projects.

Liberia Keeping roads passable The first phase of a US$500 000 road project -

Africa round-up

Uganda & Rwanda New express highway on the cards

that will connect five southeastern counties in Liberia has been announced.

The project, implemented by non-profit organisation Bridge Rural Communities for Trade (BRCT), aims to address difficult and sometimes impassable road conditions in the counties. BRCT will repair and maintain laterite roads, and build bridges and culverts to connect the Grand Gedeh, Sinoe, River Gee, Grand Kru and Maryland counties with the rest of the country.

According to CEO and president of BRCT Gbenimah Slopadoe, phase one will last two years and will see the establishment of a multilateral taskforce consisting of local government, government institutions, corporate entities, donor partners and BRCT itself. The team will be tasked with preventing Liberia's inter-county roads from becoming impassable during the rainy season.

Phase two of the project will consist of a 10-year plan to pave Liberia's intercounty roads.

Uganda Ten roads to oil The Ugandan government is seeking more than US$500 million to fund the construction of roads which will facilitate the start of commercial oil production in the country by 2020.

The funding will be used to

construct 10 critical oil roads in the Albertine Graben oil belt in south-western Uganda.

The ministry of finance has reportedly put in a loan request for more than US$500 million to China's Export-Import (EXIM) Bank. This loan will be supplemented by withdrawals from the Petroleum Fund and additional funding from ongoing budgetary cuts. Budget cuts of 10% have already been enforced for all government ministries and agencies in this regard.

In addition to the US$564 million government needs to construct the roads, an additional amount of between US$50 million and $60 million is required for land acquisition and compensation of property along the routes.

The roads to be built are: 1. Hoima-Butiaba-Wanseko road (111 km) 2. Masindi-Biiso (54 km) 3. Masindi-Bugungu via Murchison Falls National Park (80 km) 4. Kaseeta - Lwera via Bugoma Forest (16 km) 5. Hohwa-NyairongoKyarushesha road (25 km) 6. Wanseko-Bugungu (23 km) 7. Others include LusaliraNkonge-Sembabule (97 km) 8. Kyotera - Rakai (20 km) 9. Buhimba-Nalweyo-KakinduKakumiro-Mubende (100 km) 10. Kabale - Kiziramfumbi road (30 km) Feasibility studies for the roads are underway to determine the actual costs.

The African Development Bank and African Development Fund have provided US$151 million for the Multinational UgandaRwanda Busega-Mpigi Express Highway project.

The loans will help finance the US$192 million construction of a 23.7 km four-lane express highway on a new alignment with four gradeseparated interchanges.

According to Gabriel Negatu, East Africa Regional Development and Business Delivery Office Director General, in addition to the civil works the project has components for capacity-building for the ministry of works and transport, training and capacitybuilding for cross-border women traders at Mirama Hills and vendors (mainly women and youth in Busega Market).

He added that, given the high traffic volume on the project road, the project will have an operations and maintenance concession to address the project’s future maintenance requirements.

Zimbabwe US$100 million for emergency repairs Zimbabwe’s transport minister has declared the country’s roads to be in a state of disaster following significant damage to the road network.

The recent higher-than-average rainfall brought about by Cyclone Dineo has resulted in severe damage to urban road networks and highways. Some sections of

the national road network have deteriorated to the extent that they have become impassable, and sections of highways and bridges were reportedly washed away during the heavy rains.

According to transport minister Joram Gumbo, Zimbabwe needs US$100 million for emergency road repairs. He said Zimbabwe’s ministry of finance and economic development has already raised US$14.5 million towards the emergency road repair programme. The Zimbabwe National Roads Administration is also mobilising financing and is looking at raising US$50 million through a loan facility.

According to Gumbo, the road repair works will be funded in three stages: emergency, preventative and rehabilitation/ reconstruction with the first phase of urgent and emergency works already underway.

IMIESA April 2017

9

hot seat

Sasol’s investment in social infrastructure IMIESA talks to Dr Sarel Booyens, Senior Manager: Mining Rights and SLP who is based at Sasol’s Secunda operation, about Sasol Mining’s implementation of community projects within Govan Mbeki Municipality.

T

here are two key objectives that Sasol focuses on to achieve community transformation. The first is Sasol Mining’s statutory requirement for Social Labour Plan (SLP) implementation in terms of the South African Mining Charter. The second is Sasol’s long-standing commitment in terms of its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives, spearheaded locally by Ikusasa.

A pioneer in fuel from coal petrochemical production, Sasol is an integrated chemicals and energy company with a global footprint.

In South Africa, the group’s original coalto-liquids complex in Sasolburg (Sasol 1) started production in 1955. Sasol 2 and 3 subsequently came on stream in 1980 and 1982, respectively.

Sasol Mining produces approximately 40 million tonnes of saleable coal annually, mostly for gasification feedstock and utilities coal feeding into Secunda and Sasolburg.

This discussion focuses on Sasol Mining’s SLP and Ikusasa initiatives within Govan Mbeki Municipality (GMM), which is headquartered in Secunda.

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IMIESA April 2017

What are the broad objectives outlined by the Mining Charter?

In the broader context, we serve South Africa.

An example would be the upgrade or construction of public roads accessing some of

our mines, which wouldn’t be defined as a community project since Sasol would be the direct beneficiary.

Indirectly, our employees are part of the community, so they do benefit from SLP projects like water and sewer upgrades. However it’s the broader community we’re directly targeting in terms of our Mining Charter and SLP mandate where we have rolled out some major projects, particular in terms of health, water and wastewater upgrades.

Our community projects are identified in terms of the municipality’s Integrated Development Plan (IDP). Sasol serves as an implementer on behalf of the municipality.

We also provide bursaries and training, both internally and externally, in terms of our SLP. This includes adult education and training and internships.

Sasol Mining invested R11 million to upgrade the eMzinoni Community Health Centre

What is Sasol’s current budget for SLP projects, and over what timeframe?

SB South Africa’s Mining Charter focuses on transformation, of which community development is a critical pillar. The other pillars include ownership, human resources development, employment equity, procurement (which includes enterprise development), sustainability and health and beneficiation.

The only elements of the Mining Charter that the SLP doesn’t deal with are ownership and minerals beneficiation.

How do you define your stakeholders in terms of your SLP objectives?

hot seat The eMbalenhle sewerage pump station and upgrading of sewer pipelines formed part of a broader cooperative project between Sasol Mining and Sasol Ikusasa

SLPs cover a period of five years and are reviewed every five years. Sasol’s current SLP programme is for the 2015 to 2020 period, with approximately R230 million allocated purely for community development projects. In respect of the Secunda Complex, we operate within four local municipalities and the amount allocated to GMM is approximately R74 million. In addition, we have budgeted approximately R32 million for our community development projects in the Free State.

Are there specific challenges to implementing SLPs? And how does Sasol go about implementing them to achieve the desired outcomes?

The biggest challenge is to address the dire need for employment and finding ways to employ community members during project implementation. We also have to ensure that the best local contractor is appointed to implement our community development projects.

Unskilled and semi-skilled labour is sourced from the local community. Sasol Mining has an arrangement with the Department of Labour (DoL) regarding recruitment. For each project, we work through the DoL as prospective workers are invited to register on the DoL database. Contractors are required to source from this list in terms of their labour requirements.

This approach ensures that the overall labour recruitment process is fair and transparent. To facilitate interaction between the community and the project, we appoint a community liaison officer, from the relevant community, on each project.

Sasol Mining appoints black-owned contractors and service providers for its SLP projects, as far as is practically possible. We also

Sasol Mining constructed, furnished, equipped and bought vehicles for the new Leandra fire station

On completion of the project, the sewer system was fully functional and the community was able to use flush toilets for the first time in four years.

Sasol Mining also promotes affordable home ownership for low-income employees. In general, a severe housing shortage exists in the Secunda area. To address this, Sasol Mining is constructing affordable housing, in close cooperation with the labour unions, GMM and the Provincial Department of Human Settlements. assist in contractor development, which includes assistance with registering them on the Sasol database. Our project managers also assist contractors during the implementation of these projects and in the process pass on invaluable experience.

Could you provide recent examples of SLP projects implemented for GMM? In addition to the upgrade of the eMzinoni Community Health Centre, at a cost of R11 million, our R11.5 million investment in constructing and equipping a fire station in Leandra is a good example. We constructed, furnished, equipped and bought vehicles for the Leandra fire station. Previously, the closest fire station was in Secunda/Evander with a response time of around an hour. Leandra and Lebohang are densely populated towns with many informal dwellings. This facility also plays a key role in the event of motor vehicle accidents on the N17, when fires break out in the town and surrounding rural areas, and also assists in combating fires in nearby towns. Some 26 jobs were created for locals during construction.

The eMbalenhle Extension 26 sewer project is another good example. The residents of eMbalenhle Extension 26 experienced enormous problems. Some areas were continuously flooded with raw sewage, which posed a significant health risk to the community.

Sasol Mining, in cooperation with GMM, replaced and repaired broken or blocked sewer lines in the area at a cost of approximately R8 million. During this project, the contactor appointed was actually based in eMbalenhle.

Could you expand on the objectives of the Sasol Ikusasa initiative?

Our SLP objectives meet the requirements of our mining right, while Sasol Ikusasa goes well beyond this and is part of our corporate social investment programme. Where possible, we work together to ensure that our efforts have a lasting, positive impact in our communities. An example of this cooperation is the eMbalenhle sewerage project: Sasol Mining was in alignment with Ikusasa’s initiative, which included the upgrading of the pump station. The project was handed over to GMM on 1 July 2016.

Infrastructure has been one of Ikusasa’s focus areas in the last 12 months.

Our R13 million investment in electrical substation upgrades is another good example.

Secunda’s substation has three transformers installed. If any of these fail, power supply to the town will be affected The Secunda electrical substation reliability project was intended to improve the reliability of power supply by installing a new standby (33 kv/11 kv, 20 MVA) transformer.

A further example of Sasol’s commitment to investing in local communities is the handover, in February 2017, of an improved state-of-the art clinic in eMbalenhle Extension 14. Sasol Ikusasa appointed local service providers to undertake this R9 million project, which has made a substantial difference in the lives of the local community.

www.sasol.co.za

IMIESA April 2017

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Municipal Focus | GOVAN MBEKI

Coal and the community Progressive ser vice deliver y roll-outs being implemented by the Govan Mbeki Municipality run in parallel with innovative development proposals designed to attract investors, create jobs and upskill the community. By Alastair Currie Mr Mmela Mahlangu, outgoing municipal manager, Govan Mbeki Local Municipality

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IMIESA April 2017

T

he town of Secunda was born either as a result of failed infrastructure or in 1974 with the formation of community wastage.

Sasol’s second coal-to-oil refinery, Govan Mbeki, which is headquartered which has since grown to become in Secunda, receives its funding via the a major fuel supplier in parallel with a much Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG), and broader product focus targeting local and the Department of Water and Sanitation, international markets. plus private sector entities that include Sasol’s Secunda Refinery is the dominant Anglo American and Sasol Ikusasa. The latfeature - from any perspective - when you ter assists by rendering basic services to approach this town, which is surrounded communities in terms of their Mining Charter by flat and slightly undulating terrain which social labour plans commitments. in parts function as commercial farming Sanitation tracts interspersed with commercial and “Ensuring the delivery of basic services is a community developments and in other parts very emotive issue, especially when it comes are informal. Underneath, at certain points, to sanitation, and we are progressively conare the coalfields that feed Sasol’s Secunda verting affected communities petrochemical facility. from ventilated improved pit Public delivery for Secunda “Ensuring the (VIP) to water-borne toilets,” as well as the towns of Bethal, delivery of basic comments Mmela Mahlangu, Charl Cilliers, eMbalenhle, services is a outgoing municipal manager Evander, Kinross, Leandra, for Govan Mbeki Municipality and Trichardt - is the responvery emotive whose five-year term in office sibility of the Govan Mbeki issue, especially ended in January 2017. He Municipality, which has when it comes to leaves behind a successful gained major ground in terms track-record for infrastructure of service delivery within the sanitation.” delivery and concrete plans context of the typical chalfor future socio-economic advancement. lenges faced. These include ageing infrastrucMunicipal townships that have received ture, which is being progressively upgraded, priority focus are eMbalenhle, Kinross, and an estimated 40 000-plus informal commuEmzinoni (in Bethal). Within eMbalenhle, all nity, as well as endemic problems surroundhouseholds previously using VIP have been ing illegal electricity connections. Sanitation upgraded to water-borne facilities. The target upgrades are a priority, with many successful is to complete examples to date, plus there are concerted the same efforts to eradicate water losses which are

Municipal Focus | GOVAN MBEKI conversion process for Kinross and eMzinoni by the end of 2018.

EMbalenhle (ext. 24) also experienced other infrastructure challenges when wards 19, 20, 14 and 10 suffered sewer line spillages owing to reticulation failures. The contractors employed on the original installations incorrectly installed 110 mm instead of 160 mm diameter pipe. So far some 78% of these pipes have been replaced across all township wards. The funding has come from two sources: Sasol in terms of its mining social labour plan and the balance from the municipal budget.

EMbalenhle Wastewater Treatment Works has also undergone a major upgrade. Around R22 million was invested in phase I. Phase II, at an estimated cost of R20 million, was completed in March 2017. Govan Mbeki operates six wastewater treatment works in Bethal, Evander, eMbalenhle, Kinross, Trichardt and Leandra as well as 36 sewer pump stations.

Bethal’s pump stations, which serve the eMzinoni community, have also been revamped following the need for an urgent intervention.

Anglo American provided the approximately R20 million funding for the remediation works.

The treatment works in Leandra have also been upgraded and feature the latest state-ofart technologies.

Reconstruction continues in other areas. The plan is to replace asbestos pipes in Bethal and a business case has been submitted to the Department of Water and Sanitation for approval.

Electrification Govan Mbeki has sound fiscal management policies in place, underscored by its unqualified audit for the third consecutive year. “We’ve taken steps to address trading services losses, particularly when it comes to electricity, so that we can clear the outstanding debt owed to Eskom. Check meters have been installed at all points of supply from Eskom to ensure accurate billing and consumption patterns.”

During the 2015/16 financial year, electricity distribution losses peaked at 54% while non-technical losses were around 44%. A similar pattern was experienced during the 2016/17 period.

Interventions will be driven by the progressive installation of smart metering systems for residential and commercial users. These can be remotely activated and deactivated.

So far some 120 Advanced Metering Reading (or AMR) meters have been implemented for large power users. A further 1 200 meters were installed for other users during a pilot programme funded by the Department of Energy in 2015. Commencing in 2017, the plans is to install an additional 20 000 smart meters

following an RT15-2016 tender from National Treasury. The municipality currently has 71 000 electricity meters that it needs to monitor. Thus converting to automated metering will address historical challenges around non- (or delayed) payment.

The municipality’s ‘Operation Kodiko, pay or be switched off’ campaign sends out a clear message to the community, which owes Govan Mbeki around R694 million for services.

Human settlements Like other South African municipalities, Govan Mbeki has a housing backlog. The number stands at around 40 000, and the challenges are compounded by the constant growth of some 42 informal settlements. Govan Mbeki has obtained funding from the Mpumalanga provincial government for the acquisition and conversion of various land tracts. Examples include the Zonderfontein Farm in Kinross plus land donated in Evander. “These form part of our integrated human settlements plan.”

The municipality is also partnering with private housing companies and is assigning state land for the development of social housing. This includes the provision of gap housing for low-tomedium income households.

A current example is a development in eMzinoni Ext 11 where the plan is to develop approximately 5 000 units. So far some 1 432 plots have been serviced and the balance will be completed in the new financial year, effective from 1 July 2017.

“Along with housing provision, our major focus is on job creation so that we can uplift communities and provide them with the means to rent and, at a later date, own their own homes.

In this respect, we are putting in place major growth plans.”

Investment vision Bethal, Evander, Leandra and Secunda have all been identified for strategic developments designed to attract investment inflows and transform Govan Mbeki’s economy.

The Secunda Petrochemical Industrial Park is a visionary concept and one that has massive potential. The feasibility study has been completed and presents an excellent business case, with the potential to create some 5 000 jobs.

Should the development go ahead, this will be a joint venture project between the municipality, the Mpumalanga provincial government and the private sector. The municipality has availed 140 ha of land for the proposed park with an estimated investment of R400 million required for phase I. A public private funding model is being tabled.

Alongside plans for Secunda, Leandra has been identified for the establishment of a logistics and warehousing hub to serve the proposed development of a cargo airport in Delmas; with plans to create an academic hub for Evander; and a tourism hub for Bethal.

The municipality is now busy with feasibility studies for Leandra and Bethal, which are due for completion during 2017.

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industry insight

Developing the next generation of engineering professionals IMIESA speaks to Sipho Madonsela, CEO of the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA), about the organisation’s pivotal role.

What is ECSA’s vision and mission?

SM Our goal is to establish world-class standards for engineering excellence in South Africa and consequently transform the nation.

Developing and sustaining a relevant, transformed, competent and internationally recognised engineering profession is critical in meeting South Africa’s socio-economic goals. It also has a direct bearing on the country’s international competitiveness. Currently, for example, South Africa has approximately one engineer for every 3 100 people compared to Germany with one engineer for every 200 people.

In countries like Japan, the UK and the USA, this ratio stands at about 1:310.

Therefore, South Africa needs to produce 10 times more engineers in order to compete favourably.

ECSA seeks to achieve its vision through various strategic channels. We need to determine the acceptable standards for education, the accreditation of these educational programmes, as well as the subsequent registration standards of engineering practitioners.

We also focus on educating the public on expected engineering quality standards.

That, in turn, means that ECSA has a vested interest in protecting the public against substandard engineering work.

Another strategic area is ECSA’s regulatory efforts to ensure environmental protection. Plus, we engage with government to support national priorities. This includes ensuring a skills pipeline of registered professionals to meet present and future capacity requirements.

How many professionals are currently registered with ECSA? ECSA’s database of registered persons, which includes candidate applications, has shown a steady rise in numbers over the past four years. As at 31 December 2016, ECSA had 51 063 persons registered, up from 43 118 in December 2012.

Currently, we have approximately 17 011 registered professional engineers, the balance consisting of engineering technologists (5 673), professional certified engineers (1 045) and professional engineering technicians (4 042).

Another positive trend is the rise in the number of candidate engineers, currently standing at around 9 177, up from the 2012 figure of 7 195.

What role does ECSA play in ensuring international recognition?

ECSA recognises a variety of stakeholders who are relevant in the execution of its mandate, which is achieved through roadshows, public participation initiatives and stakeholder forums. Being a host to the World Federation of Engineering Organizations allows ECSA to use this international platform of engineering communities to address common challenges facing societies. We achieve this by seeking advice and guidance on policies, interests and concerns relating to engineering and technology.

To ensure that the registration of engineering practitioners remains competent to world standards, ECSA is a member of the International Engineering Alliance (IEA), an international forum established to advance the benchmarking of educational competency standards. The primary aim of the IEA is to promote the recognition of substantial equivalence in engineering qualifications (Accords) and to promote and support the engineering practitioner‘s mobility (Competency Agreements.)

“ECSA is calling upon all employers and mentors to sign the new Commitment & Undertaking programme to develop the next generation of engineering professionals.”

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IMIESA April 2017

industry insight

Why do some professionals decide not to register?

To a large extent, reasons for nonregistration for certain engineering practitioners differ according to the specific and varying fields of operation. In some work portfolios, registration is not compulsory for engineering practitioners. They are able to complete their work responsibilities without professional registration as a prerequisite.

How critical is mentorship in developing young graduates and taking them through to registration?

The Commitment and Undertaking (C&U) Programme seeks to develop engineering graduates and mentor them to attain the necessar y skills for professional registration.

Could you expand on ECSA’s C&U programme?

In response to the National Development Plan, ECSA has developed a new C&U Programme for the development of engineering graduates. ECSA is calling upon all employers and mentors to sign the new C&U to develop the next generation of engineering professionals. It is recognised that the fastest and most effective way to develop a graduate is through planned and structured training, managed by an experienced and registered professional acting as a mentor. The C&U offers guidance to employers and mentors alike on how to manage the process.

The programme has recently been rolled out to our stakeholders.

What is the best training approach for candidacy programmes?

The best training approach is a programme that is structured around the professional outcomes required for registration. Having an assigned mentor is invaluable in this respect.

What are the benefits for the employer?

By following a structured programme, candidates should achieve registration faster.

Could you expand on the New Registration System (NRS)?

The NRS is replacing the old input-based system. The NRS is now an outcomesbased system founded on the applicants, providing evidence of their competencies, which are then assessed in a uniform way for all categories.

In the broader context, how does ECSA contribute towards South Africa’s socio-economic development and the growth of a talent pipeline for the engineering profession?

ECSA established the Engenius Programme to promote engineering to school learners.

The annual target is 20 000 learners nationally with a focus to provide practical engineering workshops for all nine engineering disciplines.

ECSA is the only body in South Africa that is authorised to register engineering professionals and bestow the use of engineering titles – such as Pr Eng, Pr Tech Eng, Pr Techni Eng, Pr Cert Eng – on persons who have met the requisite professional registration criteria.

At a university level, a process is in place to develop a Sakhimfundo Engineering Education Trust, which will provide funding support to engineering students that demonstrate academic potential.

What are the key objectives for ECSA going into 2017?

As legislated, ECSA will continue to ensure that South Africa enjoys all the benefits of a strong, competent, growing, sustainable and representative engineering profession, which is able to provide all the expertise necessary for the socio-economic needs of the country and to exert a positive influence in South Africa.

www.ecsa.co.za +27 (0)11 607 9500

IMIESA April 2017

15

Municipal focus

CITY OF JOHANNESBURG

Providing

clean water and

sanitation services to

Johannesburg Johannesburg Water is a municipal entity, wholly owned by the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality as a sole shareholder to provide water and sanitation services .

The entity supplies 1,574 Ml/day of potable drinking water, procured from Rand Water, through a distribution network of 12,581 km, 116 operational reservoirs, water towers and 35 water pump stations. The spent wastewater is then collected and reticulated via a wastewater network and treats 973 Ml/day of sewage at its six wastewater treatment works of which two of its biogas-to energy plants which convert methane gas to energy are located.

We are determined to deliver a sustainable, affordable and cost effective service. In the last financial year (2015/16) our response to water bursts improved from 81% in 2014/15 to 84.29%. We have also managed to reduce water consumption in Johannesburg from 320 litres per person per day to 309 litres through our water demand strategy. We invite you to be an active partner in protecting our precious pipe network and assets. Report any form of vandalism and theft of water infrastructure to 0800 00 25 87.

City of Johannesburg Johannesburg Water (SOC) Ltd 17 Harrison Street Marshalltown Johannesburg

PO Box 61542 South Africa 2107

Tel +27 (0) 11 688 1400 www.johannesburgwater.co.za 24 Hour Water Hotline 011 375 5555 / 0860 - JOBURG or 0860 562 874 JW SMS Line : 082 653 2143 email: customer@jwater.co.za Providing Water. Providing Life

@jhbwater

Johannesburg Water

Municipal Focus | City of Johannesburg

Addressing Joburg’s delivery challenges

Johannesburg’s executive mayor, Councillor Herman Mashaba, maps out a new plan for the city and lists nine priority areas.

G

auteng has three metropolitan municipalities, namely the City of Johannesburg, the City of Eurkhuleni, and the City of Tshwane, with estimated populations of 4.9, 3.4 and 3.2 million, respectively, according to 2015 figures. In the same period, the City of Johannesburg was the largest contributor to gross domestic product by region at approximately R455 billion, with Tshwane and Eurkhuleni accounting for R270 and R232.7 billion, respectively (SocioEconomic Review and Outlook 2016, Gauteng Provincial Government).

Clearly, the City of Johannesburg remains the leading economic power house, but current and future performance is being hampered by delivery challenges that need urgent attention.

“We must shift our thinking from a place of conducting business as usual. It is now time for

city, with incentives for business and particularly business unusual,” says Johannesburg’s execusmall to medium enterprises, will be one of the tive mayor, Councillor Herman Mashaba, quoting key economic drivers. This will be dependent on from his speech during the 2015/16 annual combating and eliminating inner city crime, which general meeting for the city’s entities, held on is the third priority area, and substantial funding 16 March 2017. is being made available for additional policing.

“In the City of Johannesburg, we have two The fourth priority is the need to fast-track choices: the first is to deny the deafening calls housing delivery, both in the inner city and generfor change. This comes with a risk, because, ally. “This intervention must also simultaneously across the world, communities have grown intoladdress income and spatial inequalities, while erant of deaf governments. The other choice is also promoting an efficient and effective public to embrace the change residents have called for. transport system.”

We need to embrace the change, understand it The conversion of some city-owned buildings and, most of all, own it.” into affordable, low-cost housing for inner city Mashaba points out that the city has around residents is being considered. Inner city build862 000 unemployed people, with a jobless rate ings will also be converted into affordable of over 30%. “Over and above this, we have a commercial spaces for the benefit of small busihousing backlog of over 300 000, and an avernesses and entrepreneurs. age delivery of only 3 500 housing units per year.

To meet rising comAt the present rate, it would take a century to address the “Getting Johannesburg muter traffic, R51 million has been set aside current backlog.” working is a for the expansion of the The current deteriorating project of national Metro Bus fleet, with a situation in Johannesburg’s inner city is another major importance because, further R5 million providconcern and it is estimated as I have always said, ed for vehicle refurbishments. R14.3 million has that over 100 000 people are when Johannesburg also been allocated for illegally occupying abandoned buildings. works, South Africa the Intermodal Transport Facility in the inner city, will work.”

Top nine city priorities which is designed to Flowing from the 2016 Mayoral Lekgotla, improve public transport efficiencies for comMashaba says that nine priority areas have muters using bus, rail or taxis services. been identified. The first is to improve service Service and pride campaign delivery and performance throughout all departMashaba says that the fifth priority area is to ments and entities. The second is to promote ensure that the city has a responsive governeconomic development and investment. The ment capable of addressing the needs of its resitarget is to achieve a minimum 5% growth rate dents. “To this end, I have announced a ‘Service by 2021. Revitalisation of the inner with Pride’ campaign in the hopes of ensuring that city employees embrace the idea that civil service is a

IMIESA April 2017

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Municipal Focus | City of Johannesburg

calling.” This campaign goes hand in hand with the city’s skills audit, for which R5 million has been allocated.

The sixth priority area is ‘eliminating corruption and strengthening clean governance’. A prime example is the R38 million provided for the capacitation of the city’s Anti-Corruption Unit, which has so far uncovered over R62 million. Alongside the city’s service delivery challenges, Mashaba says that the current governance structure of entities is cumbersome and inefficient. “The City of Joburg has a complicated structure of municipal-owned entities with an even more complicated relationship with the core of the city. The absurdity of this situation is that the city is the sole shareholder of these entities, but they operate under the Companies Act and are semi-autonomous of the city.”

He says that the decision to reintegrate these entities follows the country-wide trend amongst other metros. To ensure a seamless transition, the process of determining the best way to carry out the proposed reintegration is expected to take up to 18 months.

Eliminating wastage

Sustainability

Streamlining efficiencies goes hand in hand with enhancing financial sustainability, which is Mashaba’s seventh priority area.

“In his most recent report, the Auditor General found that the total balance for fruitless and wasteful expenditure reached over R26.2 million, with R7.4 million being incurred in the 2015/16 reporting period; 79.72% of the total balance of fruitless and wasteful expenditure disclosed in the annual statement was yet to be investigated.”

Similarly, Mashaba says the total balance for unauthorised expenditure reached R3.4 billion, with over R692 million being incurred in 2015/16. Further to this, the total balance of irregular expenditure reached over R1.7 billion, up from over R1.5 billion due to the contravention of supply chain management procedures in the city as a whole; 69% of this irregular expenditure was only identified during the audit process and not detected by the city’s monitoring processes. Obviously, we cannot continue in this vain.”

Preserving resources for future generations is Johannesburg’s eighth priority area. More specifically, this focuses on mitigation interventions in terms of water shortages, and electricity constraints.

“We must take serious steps in driving up capital expenditure investment in infrastructure, particularly through the upcoming annual budget.”

A portion of this infrastructure investment will be directed towards making Johannesburg a smart city, which is the ninth priority.

“Already, Joburg will be enhancing its existing access to ICT, including free Wi-Fi, throughout the city so as to enable communities and businesses to embrace the new digital era. We are also leveraging partnerships with academic institutions such as Wits University to unearth innovative ICT solutions to our city’s challenges. This includes investment into Johannesburg’s inner city through the establishment of an ICT Hub.”

It is one thing to imagine a better world.

It’s another to deliver it.

Our African network of creative engineering, technical expertise and our sustainable and multidisciplinary approach to building engineering produces high-quality, costeffective, energy-efficient and visionary solutions.

aecom.com

Municipal Focus | City of Johannesburg

Turning service delivery around

A

ccording to Nico de Jager, MMC: Environmental and Infrastructure Services, City of Johannesburg, parts of the city run on infrastructure dating as far back as 1936. A lack of infrastructure repairs and maintenance over many decades, further exacerbated by apartheid spatial planning policies, has led to massive backlogs.

The biggest is a R170 billion unfunded backlog, which has emerged in key infrastructure, coupled with a R70 billion backlog in electricity infrastructure and a housing backlog for over 300 000 people.

At end of February 2016, the city was allowed to make minor adjustments in the budget to address the new administration’s priorities.

As part of the readjustment, city management has allocated R88 million to declare a “war on potholes”, an additional R38 million to the city’s anti-corruption unit, and a further R400 million to begin the refurbishment of buildings in the inner city. Officials have also been able to ensure that 1 841 houses will be completed by the end of July this year.

Johannesburg Water Johannesburg Water procures approximately 537 000 Mℓ of water every year to service the more than 4 million people in the City of Johannesburg.

According to Freddy Tshivhengwa, general manager: Investment Delivery and Infrastructure Development, Johannesburg Water, starting 1 July 2017, the city will no longer provide 6 kℓ of free water. Johannesburg Water boasts 100% coverage for water provision to all formalised areas within the City of Johannesburg. However, there is a backlog of supply to informal settlements with around 96% coverage.

“Our biggest challenge is in terms of sanitation,” says Tshivhengwa. Currently, sanitation

Johannesburg is facing a growing infrastructure challenge.

With mounting infrastructure backlogs and maintenance shor tfalls, the city has a plan to turn around ser vice deliver y.

By Danielle Petterson provision sits at approximately 46%. There are many challenges that feed into this, such as the layout and densification of informal settlements.

In the coming three years, Johannesburg Water plans to continue to invest in infrastructure, focusing on the replacement of old infrastructure. However, Tshivhengwa added that budgets cuts have created a backlog. In terms of upgrades, this backlog sits at around R2.3 billion.

Over the past three years, the entity has increased its water treatment capacity by increasing the capacity of three treatment works. Water conservation has also been a significant concern and the focus has been on replacing both water and sewer pipes.

Thus far, 461 km of old water pipes have been replaced – short of the 900 km target – and only 79 km of sewer pipes.

According to Tshivhengwa, the entity needs to be replacing 2% of its networks (or 200 km of water and sewer pipes) at cost of R1.2 billion every year. Over the next three years, the entity has a budget of R2.2 billion, averaging roughly

R750 million per year – half of what the entity needs to be investing annually.

City Power Power contributes just less than 50% of the City of Johannesburg’s revenue. Supplying electricity to 450 000 customers across the city, 13 000 of which are large users, City Power brings in around R15 billion per annum.

According to Mdu Nzimande, director: Engineering Services, City Power, the entity still needs to invest heavily in upgrading infrastructure. In a typical year, City Power’s capital budget is around R1.5 billion, which must be spent to expand or refurbish infrastructure. While this is a substantial increase from the City Power’s 2002 budget of R70 million, Nzimande says the entity has been accumulating a backlog over the years.

However, there is opportunity for growth. The audited figure for non-technical losses was 26% in the last financial year. This translates to R1.8 billion. If City Power is able to recover just 1%, it translates to R200 million straight to the bottom line. “That’s the size of the opportunity we have in the metering space,” said Nzimande.

Reintegrate the city entities Mayor Herman Mashaba announced, earlier this year, that the city plans to reintegrate the city entities back into the city. Why? To ensure accountability and that issues are addressed within the requisite timeframes without having to go through multiple departments. “We will be bringing the capacity behind these entities back into the regional service delivery structures in our city. This will bring them closer to where the potholes are, where the grass grows too high and where the water leaks need to be fixed,” concluded De Jager.

IMIESA April 2017

21

CONSULTING

IN AFRICA

CONSULTING IN AFRICA | Cover Story

Designs that empower African communities Building roads that connect economies and communities requires a multifaceted approach, which Knight Piésold Consulting is spearheading on a range of local and crossborder projects, as Wayne Hunt, director: Transport, explains.

Wayne Hunt, director: Transport, Knight Piésold

F

or many communities in Africa, especially in rural regions, the construction of a world-class asphalt pavement in their region is an event to celebrate. Villages, cut off for years from the main economy, are connected for the first time, whether by car, bus, or bicycle. And for those experiencing it for the first time, they watch the passing traffic with absolute fascination: they’re drawn in and excited by new opportunities.

“In South Africa, as in any other country where we operate, we want to help these communities to come on board, wherever practical, from

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IMIESA April 2017

the inception of these projects,” says Hunt.

“Locally, the current procurement legislation helps significantly to promote this in terms of targeted enterprises, enabling us to transfer much-needed skills to job seekers, alongside the mentorship of SMME engineering consultants and contractors.”

As a professional design house, constructionand project management implementer, Knight Piésold works with its clients to create development paths for emerging entities. For example, SMME sub-consultants frequently work inhouse alongside Knight Piésold professionals

and obtain invaluable experience. In turn, each project, with client consultation, is broken down into purpose-designed work packages so that contractors rated by the Construction Industry Development Board can participate and develop in their respective levels of experience.

“All these objectives can only be achieved by upskilling our own personnel, which is an ongoing priority, especially in terms of previously disadvantaged groups and women. It’s not a new initiative.

As a wholly owned South African company, we’ve focused on these and other areas from inception, and that’s a significant statement considering

CONSULTING IN AFRICA | Cover Story

Knight Piésold continues to expand its African footprint and is ready to take on projects that meet its business objectives

by the Gauteng Department of Roads and Transport. The project is scheduled for completion early in 2018.

From the original single section, three lanes in either direction are being constructed, which includes dedicated zones for non-motorised transport (i.e. bicycles), as well as bus and taxi stops.

This comprises Phase 2. Phase 1, completed some years ago, runs from the N1 highway to the starting point of Dainfern.

“What’s particularly interesting about this project is the application of nanotechnology: more specially, a Nano-Modified Emulsion stabilisation agent is being successfully constructed for the first time on a Gauteng roads project,” Hunt explains. “The application of this technology results drastically reduces the susceptibility of the pavement layer materials to water. The result is that the process has the effect of extending the pavement design life for the same comparable expenditure used by adopting more conventional black-top applications.” This nanotechnology has been tested and proven not only locally, but on other projects worldwide.

Another landmark project included on the above route is the construction of the Rose Road interchange, which provides access to the mixed-use Steyn City development and is being co-funded by the developer.

Gauteng projects in the design phase

that we celebrate 96 years of operation in May 2017. That’s what makes us an innovative leader.”

Ser vices included in the transpor tation field include environmental compliance, land acquisitions, geotechnical investigations, traffic studies, structures and pavements. This includes analysing and recommending specific asphalt mix designs.

Gauteng developments: nanotechnology first Within the Gauteng region, Knight Piésold is currently working on a series of projects, some purely provincial, while others include South African National Roads Agency (SANRAL) developments that traverse through the province.

A major one is the K46 upgrade – a 7 km section extending from the Dainfern residential and commercial node to Diepsloot – which caters for future expansion. With an estimated construction value of around R550 million, this is a strategic infrastructure project commissioned

Alongside new construction, Knight Piésold’s transportation team is busy with a series of designs that will take Gauteng’s infrastructure to new levels. These include the K77 and K154 in the Walkerville region, situated south of Johannesburg. The K154 will be a gravel-to-tar road upgrade, while the K77 is a greenfield project that will link the K154 with future residential, commercial and industrial developments planned for the area. Construction is expected to commence from September 2017.

SANRAL Moving nationally, Knight Piésold is currently employed by SANRAL on six reseal projects in North West province. These entail either single or double seals, or new asphalt overlays combined with base repairs involving in situ recycling.

Further afield, another current project in KwaZulu-Natal entails a major route upgrade from Pongola to the Mpumalanga border in the direction of Piet Retief. The distance is approximately 40 km and will entail the construction of a dual-lane route in place of the existing single one, separated by New Jersey barriers. As the route passes through dense residential areas, including schools and clinics that border the route, extra safety precautions need to be adopted.

Work is also in progress on the N1 from Masekwaspoor t to Beit Bridge, which entails extensive remediation along this 50 km section.

Meanwhile, the design team is hard at work on the N2 Hibberdene to Umtentweni improvement project. This 20 km section will be upgraded to a dual carriageway and includes the construction of a 180 m long river bridge.

A total of 30 existing structures need to be extended to accommodate the proposed works. This is the last piece on this of the N2 that requires upgrading; therefore, it’s of major public interest.

Rest of Africa Knight Piésold continues to expand its African footprint and is ready to take on projects that meet its business objectives.

“We have memorandums of agreement in place with leading South African contractors and will embark on bankable projects that deliver in terms of our operational mandate,” says Hunt.

Namibia has been one of the mainstays in recent years, where Knight Piésold is one of the key consultants on the Neckartal Dam, the largest yet constructed in the country.

Design implementation is now well advanced on the 115 km Khorixas to Uis gravel-to-tar upgrade in Namibia. Construction is expected to commence from August 2017 and the new route will feature a world-class dual carriageway. A single-lane 80 m long bridge along the route will need to be constructed.

Historically, Knight Piésold has worked in the DRC, and between 2013 and 2015 was employed on the upgrade of the Great East Road in Zambia. The firm also served as the consultant on the Arcades to Lusaka Airport upgrade, which included traffic studies and proposals for future transportation infrastructure expansion.

“We now have around 60 personnel employed in our transportation department, and these are broken down into a myriad of specialisations to ensure that we cover every client requirement. We’ve been perfecting our transportation capabilities since inception in 1921, and so we are well placed to meet South Africa and Africa’s requirements, and in the process, we’re proud to say that we have a proven track record for building careers and growing SMMEs to meet their full potential.”

www.knightpiesold.com

IMIESA April 2017

25

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CONSULTING IN AFRICA

Exporting South African construction Alastair Currie speaks to Chris Campbell, CEO of Consulting Engineers South Africa and the new chairman of the Built Environments Professions Expor t Council (BEPEC).

T

he Built Environments Professions Export Council (BEPEC) was originally part of Consulting Engineers South Africa (CESA) and subsequently evolved to become an independent organisation. BEPEC’s mandate is to assist South African companies operating in the built environment to export their professional and engineering services abroad. The main focus is Africa and the goal is to unite the construction industry under the South Africa Inc. banner when tendering on infrastructure projects in the region.

“BEPEC offers a one-stop-shop for international clients who are in the market to employ South African built environment professionals,” explains Chris Campbell, who was appointed as chairman of BEPEC on 1 March 2017. “BEPEC is a section 21 non-profit organisation in public private par tnership with the South African Department of Trade and Industry (dti).

Together with the dti, we provide support to export-ready firms to export their built environment services internationally.”

There are many challenges facing South African exporters that BEPEC and the dti

plan to address. These include the current limited number of projects they can bid for, administrative challenges, visa requirements, legislative problems, lack of transparent regulations and time wasted on getting to grips with government procurement requirements.

Expanded council In February 2017, BEPEC announced that it had expanded its council to include the contracting services sector. This will now enable members of the South African Forum of Civil Engineering Contractors (SAFCEC), the Black Business Council for the Built Environment, and Master Builders of South Africa to join the fold.

“We are now consolidating the BEPEC board and we are inviting contracting services organisations to nominate representatives. That will then create the potential to harness our collective expertise to pursue opportunities in Africa where the international market is presently dominated by Chinese, Portuguese, Italian and French contractors,” says Campbell.

Within this context the International Federation of Consulting Engineers’ (FIDIC’s)

“BEPEC offers a one-stop shop for international clients who are in the market to employ South African built environment professionals.”

Chris Campbell, BEPEC’s new chairman

Group of Africa Member Associations (GAMA) will play a key role in facilitating business opportunities. This year, the FIDICGAMA conference will be held in Cape Town between 7 and 10 May 2017, under the theme, ‘African partnerships for sustainable growth’ and presents an excellent opportunity for industry engagement.

“The key message here is that GAMA members are inviting discussions with BEPEC with the emphasis on ‘doing it with us’ to develop

IMIESA April 2017

27

CONSULTING IN AFRICA

• Facilitate business opportunities for members.

• Increase revenues (membership) and resources.

• Strengthen the relationship with the dti and other government departments, ensuring alignment.

• Build key strategic relationships in line with the North-South Corridor and PIDA objectives.

• Strengthening the BEPEC brand internally and externally.

• Diversify BEPEC’s membership base in respect of SMMEs and Black-owned enterprises.

local capacity in their respective countries.

As BEPEC, we share this vision.”

Trade Invest Africa The dti launched their Trade Invest Africa (TIA) initiative in July 2016 to promote the SA Inc. vision through the facilitation of market and funding access to infrastructure projects.

Initiatives include: • Productive government-to-government negotiations and agreement on requirements and standards for regional infrastructure projects,

• Unlocking of participation potential in infrastructure projects along the North-South Corridor by updating previously conducted studies, and • Re-implementation of sector-focused ad hoc missions into the region.

The proposed North-South Corridor will stretch from Dar-es-Salaam in Tanzania, across the Republic of Congo, Zambia, Malawi, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique to Durban in South Africa.

The North-South Corridor Project is also part of the Programme for Infrastructure

Development in Africa (PIDA). This is an initiative for the development of infrastructure in Africa led by the African Union Commission (AUC), the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) Secretariat and the African Development Bank (ADB). As a programme, PIDA seeks to tackle Africa’s infrastructure needs holistically, covering transportation, energy, trans-boundary water resources as well as information and communications technology.

Along the corridor, the thinking is to create nodes of development tying in with road and rail infrastructure. Development will be strongly influenced by the commodities market and there is currently work in progress to update a previous study in this area.

“We need current, well-researched information – or intelligence-gathering – so we can pinpoint where the best potential lies before we mobilise the SA Inc. model. This would include projects on the continent funded by South African financial institutions.”

One of BEPEC’s key advantages is the ability to bid competitively against other international companies in Africa and to establish

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CONSULTING IN AFRICA

lasting infrastructure solutions. “We can ensure a high standard of work, which includes the construction materials used. This includes ensuring that the standards adopted are sustainable for a specific country. In South Africa, for example, some of the materials used during the construction of the 2010 FIFA World Cup stadiums were over specified and unnecessarily increased the overall costs.”

A good example of nation-to-nation cooperation within Southern Africa is the Lesotho Highlands Water Scheme where strong synergies exist between the South African government and the Kingdom of Lesotho, in this case via a treaty. South Africa companies were extensively involved in phase I, alongside international consultants and contractors, and are now actively tendering for phase II, which is under way. Construction of the new Polihali Dam and access tunnel is scheduled to start by the end of 2019 or early 2020. A number of South African consulting firms have already been awarded professional services packages. “We’d like to replicate similar approaches elsewhere in Africa.”

To harness opportunities, BEPEC’s strategy will be to increase its membership and promote the ‘value proposition’ by developing an informed strategy.

“Now that BEPEC and dti are consolidating their efforts, we have established an excellent platform. We will now have better business risk cover in the sense that there will be sound government-to-government relations in the countries where we will be working. That will be the main difference in terms of our new consolidated approach,” adds Campbell. “In the end, though, success in Africa will be driven by investor appetite. There are positive signs of a rebound in the commodities market, which will be one of the key sources of funding for allied infrastructure.”

“We will now have better business risk cover in the sense that there will be sound government-to-government relations in the countries where we will be working.”

• Removing trade barriers such as working and registration requirements, financial regulations, logistical problems, and payment transfers.

• Creating consortia of combined disciplines and expertise for competitive bidding on projects, including funding and facilitation of government-to-government interaction, if required.

• Early Intelligence reporting of upcoming projects and opportunities in Africa.

• Exposure to project-funding opportunities.

• Special and sector/project-focused outward selling missions to relevant countries and projects, as well as the financing programmes of the major funding agencies.

IMIESA April 2017

29

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Botswana geared

for growth

H

atch’s current involvement in Botswana includes work on the North-South Carrier (NSC) pipeline, which conveys raw water – south for 360 km – to Gaborone. The company is currently tendering for phase 2 of this project.

“It is our intention to grow the Botswana office to about 10 people by the end of 2017 and to 50 people within five years,” says Stephen Stacey, managing director, Botswana: Project Delivery Group.

In October 2016, Hatch was tasked with providing design, engineering, and supervision services for the coal stockpile shed at Botswana Power Corporation’s Morupule CoalFired Power Station near Palapye. Owing to high rainfall, the power station has experienced

major disruptions to its generating capacity over the last few years.

“We leveraged our experience in Chile, South Africa, and Ethiopia to win what is an important project for us and this influential client, allowing Hatch to continue building a strong reputation in Botswana,” says Stacey.

Hatch was also awarded a major project by Botswana Oil, the national oil company, where it deployed a global team. Hatch’s role as technical advisor will help the client technically define and quantify the value proposition for a coal-to-liquids (CTL) facility, which would reduce Botswana’s reliance on fuel imports.

Stephen Stacey, managing director, Botswana: Project Delivery Group

Roads & Bridges | Technical paper

Exploring waste glass in hot-mix asphalt South Africa faces a potential shortage of the virgin aggregates used to produce asphalt mixes. As such, manufacturers are turning to alternatives – one of which is glass.

By Joseph K Anochie-Boateng and Theresa B George*

G

iven the shortage, the future availability and sustainability of virgin aggregates is a major concern. In addition to protecting non-renewable aggregate resources, the use of alternative materials can significantly reduce the high energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions associated with pavement applications.

Glass was initially implemented in asphalt pavements in the early 1960s and 1970s in the United States and Canada but there have been few investigations into the application of waste glass in the field of pavement.

The CSIR under took a study on the potential utilisation of crushed glass as a substitute to natural aggregate in asphalt mixes to determine the performance characteristics of hot-mix asphalt produced with crushed glass material.

Research to date Recent studies have demonstrated that optimum per formance can best be achieved when 10% to 15% crushed glass is used as a fine aggregate substitute in asphalt mixes for road pavements. The major concern is the lack of absorption of bitumen by glass and the hydrophilic properties of glass that contribute to the moisture damage of glassasphalt (GA) pavements.

An initial study conducted by the authors focused on developing a mix design for glass asphalt. The mix design results indicated that the optimum binder content of the medium continuously graded asphalt mix with crushed glass is 5.1% compared

with 5.0% for a standard medium continuously graded asphalt mix that was used in this paper.

The results are analysed and compared to the SANRAL medium continuously graded asphalt (dense graded wearing course) mix with 50/70 penetration grade binder. In order to carry out a comparative study on the two mixes, the 50/70 binder used in the reference asphalt mix was used to prepare the glass asphalt mix. The aggregate grading of the glass asphalt mix was made the same as the reference mix.

Creating the right mix Standard aggregate property tests were conducted on the individual aggregates and the crushed glass used in the mix in accordance with SANS 3001 and the American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

The grading analysis conducted on the individual aggregate fractions formed the basis for selecting the substitute material

in the reference mix for the crushed glass. The goal was to use the same aggregate type from the same sources as the reference mix.

The intension was to make grading for the crushed glass mix similar to the reference mix in terms of particle size distribution.

Note that during the optimisation, the granite crusher sand was partially substituted by 15% of the crushed glass. It is known that 1% to 3% of hydrated lime could act as an anti-stripping agent to reduce potential stripping problems in asphalt mixes with glass. Accordingly, to achieve the desired

Table 1 Properties of the 50/70 penetration grade bitumen

Property Penetration @ 25°C/100 g/5 sec

Units 0.1 mm

Results Limits (minutes) Test method 66 50 - 70 ASTM D5

Softening point (ring and ball)

°C

50

46 - 56

ASTM D36

Viscosity @ 60°C

Pa.s

261

120

ASTM D4402

Viscosity @ 135°C

mPa.s

469

220 - 500

ASTM D4402

340

230

ASTM D92

30

AASHTO T102

Flash point (open cup) @101.3 kPa °C Penetration @ 25°C/100 g/5 sec

% xylene 25

IMIESA April 2017

31

Roads & Bridges | Technical paper

Table 2 Aggregate properties and proportions for the mixes

Nominal size (mm)

Aggregate Type

Bulk Relative Density

App. Relative Density

9.5 6.7

Andesite Andesite

2.884 2.887

2.919 2.928

Aggregate Proportions

Absorption

Fine Aggregate Angularity

Reference Mix

Glass Asphalt Mix

0.4 0.5

N/A N/A

21% 24%

31% 16%

Crusher dust

Andesite

2.816

2.956

1.7

39.7

25%

18%

Crusher sand

Granite

2.628

2.676

0.7

38.3

26%

10%

Mine sand

Mine sand

2.600

2.634

0.5

48.3

3%

7%

Crushed glass

Glass

2.489

2.519

0.5

51.3

--

15%

Mineral filler

Hydrated lime

2.861

--

N/A

N/A

1%

3%

bonding effect between the crushed glass and the binder, 3% hydrated lime was chosen to replace 1% of the plant lime in the reference mix.

Preparation for testing In preparation for testing, the binder was added to the blended aggregates and then poured into a heated mixer and the filler was added to the mixture, before being mixed for 10 minutes and then discharged back into the pans. This mixture was then

placed back into the oven, set at compaction temperature for four hours to induce short-term ageing to simulate the ageing that takes place during production in an asphalt plant and transportation to site.

The loose asphalt mixes were compacted to slabs (for beam specimens) and gyrator y specimens (for cylindrical specimens) to a density of between 93% and 95% of maximum theoretical relative density. The gyrator y specimens were used for rutting and dynamic modulus testing, while the

compacted slabs were used for fatigue testing. All the samples were compacted to the voids necessar y to obtain the target design voids for testing.

Evaluation of stiffness Dynamic modulus testing was conducted in a Universal Testing Machine (UTM-25) on three duplicate specimens for each mix.

A haversine load pulse with no rest period was applied to the prepared gyrator y compacted samples at five test temperatures

Roads & Bridges | Technical paper

FIGURE 1 Dynamic modulus results for mixes at 10 Hz and 20°C

of -5, 5, 20, 40, and 55°C, and six loading frequencies of 25, 10, 5, 1, 0.5, and 0.1 Hz. A total of 30 tests were conducted on each mix to complete a full factorial dynamic modulus test matrix.

The specimen’s vertical deformation was determined by averaging the readings of three axial linear variable displacement transducers. The axial stresses and the corresponding axial strains recorded for the last 10 load cycles for each test are normally used to compute the dynamic modulus of the sample.

Figure 1 compares the results of the two mixes at 10 Hz and 20°C. It is believed that these two conditions best simulate field pavement conditions. At these conditions, the dynamic modulus of the GA mix increase by 25% from the reference mix.

The GA mix contains 3% hydrated lime which acts as an anti-stripping agent, resulting in stronger cohesion between

the aggregates and glass particles with the bitumen.

Furthermore, the higher angularity of the glass par ticles, in comparison with the conventional aggregates, plays an impor tant role in the increased dynamic modulus behaviour of the GA mix. It is suspected that the higher internal friction – due to the increased angularity of the glass particles – increases the interlock between the particles, which contributes to the increased dynamic modulus of the GA mix. It can be further obser ved that at temperatures of 20°C and 40°C, the stiffness of the GA was marginally higher than the reference mix, whereas the stiffness was comparable at temperatures of -5°C and 55°C.

Permanent deformation Permanent deformation of the mixes was evaluated using the flow number test. The asphalt mixture per formance tester (AMPT)

test procedure stipulated in AASHTO TP79 was used to determine and compare the flow number of the mixes for the glassasphalt mix and the reference mix. Three duplicate specimens per mix were tested at the temperature of 50°C – two deviatoric stress levels of 483 kPa and 276 kPa, and one confining pressure of 69 kPa – using a repeated compressive haversine loading (one cycle with 0.1 s loading time and 0.9 s resting time). During testing, cumulative permanent axial deformations

Table 3 Design aggregates for the mixes

Sieve size (mm)

IPC Servopac Gyratory Compactor for sample preparation

Design grading (% passing)

Grading specification

19

Equivalent SANS 3001-AG1 sieve sizes 20

100

100

100

13.2

14

100

100

100

100

9.5

10

97

97

82

100

Reference mix Glass asphalt

Min (%)

Max (%) 100

6.7

7.1

75

75

66

87

4.75

5

59

59

54

75

2.36

2

42

42

35

50

1.18

1

30

29

27

42

0.6

0.6

21

21

18

32

0.3

0.3

14

15

11

23

0.15

0.15

9

9

7

16

0.075

0.075

5.8

6.0

4

10

IMIESA April 2017

33

Roads & Bridges | Technical paper were measured and used to calculate the flow number.

The results indicate that the GA mix has a higher flow number than the reference mix, implying that it has a lower susceptibility to rutting in comparison with the reference mix at 276 kPa and 483 kPa at the test temperature of 50°C. The crushed glass used in this mix has a higher fine aggregate angularity (51.3%) than the natural fine aggregates. Accordingly, it is expected that the crushed glass would have higher internal friction as a result of the increased angularity. This will, in turn, increase the interlock between the particles and contribute to the increased resistance to permanent deformation of the GA mix.

Evaluation of fatigue performance The four-point beam fatigue test is recommended in South Africa to evaluate fatigue cracking in the laboratory. Fatigue tests were conducted on beam specimens under controlled strain loading conditions at three strain amplitude levels of 200, 400 and 600 macrostrains at a frequency of 10 Hz and a temperature of 20°C to compare

fatigue life of the two mixes. The test was run to 50% reduction in stiffness, which is defined as the failure criteria. Three duplicate specimens of each mix were tested under a continuous sinusoidal load at the design voids and design binder content.

The two mixes were found to have similar resistance to fatigue cracking at the higher strain levels. However, at low strain levels, there are relatively large differences in terms of the fatigue life of the two mixes.

At a test temperature of 20°C and a frequency of 10 Hz, the fatigue life of the GA mix reduces by 50% at 200 microstrains when compared to the reference mix. This is expected, as the stiffness of the GA mix was higher than the reference mix by about 25%. For instance, this percentage increase in the stiffness of the GA mix results in the fatigue life being reduced by almost half at strain levels less than 300 microstrains.

in asphalt mixes. This is based on the finding that asphalt mixes with crushed glass could outperform a conventional dense-graded mix in terms of rutting and has comparable fatigue resistance at low strains.

2. The higher stiffness behaviour exhibited by the glass mix at 20°C and 40°C confirms that this mix is more likely to provide better resistance to permanent deformation than most conventional medium continuously graded asphalt mixes.

It is important to note that these conclusions pertain only to the crushed glass evaluated in this study and the specified design aggregate grading used, and cannot be transferred to any other crushed glass from different source. Moreover, these conclusions are based only on the properties of the mixes as determined in the laboratory.

Conclusions

*Joseph K. Anochie-Boateng, CSIR Built Environment/Department of Civil Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology; Theresa B George, CSIR Built Environment.

Based on the results presented in this study, the following conclusions are made: 1. There is potential to substitute depleting natural aggregates with crushed glass

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Roads & Bridges

Creative ways to extend infrastructure Assessing the risk and opportunity in Africa requires an open and participative approach.

By Alastair Currie

C

urrently, some 67% of Group Five’s revenue is generated in South Africa, around 5% in Europe with the balance predominately coming from the rest of the African continent, par ticularly West Africa (at around 21% of Group turnover).

Altogether, Group Five has operational experience in some 28 countries.Within the sub-Saharan markets, there is a concerted growth strategy to extend penetration into West, East and Central Africa across the infrastructure, energy, resources and real estate segments.

“Engineering and construction provide the hard skills to execute and support the construction process,” explained Dave Bennett, general manager: Roads, Pipelines and Earthworks at Group Five Civil Engineering, speaking at the Argus Africa Roads conference, held in Maputo during March 2017.

Allied to this are investments and concessions packages that unlock value via mechanisms such as design builds, BOT (Build, Operate and Transfer) and PPPs (Public Private Partnerships).

As Bennett pointed out, the purpose of any infrastructure build is to unlock potential. “To do this, one needs to identify viable projects that provide outcome-based solutions, which serve as an economic stimulus. This doesn’t always have to come via loans or grant funding as there are new models, such as Outcomes Based Social Investing,” he explained.

“This is a major trend at the moment: lenders want assurances that their

investment has a social spin and directly benefits affected communities through traceable and achievable outcomesbased initiatives. Nothing, in my view, can unlock social impact as quickly as infrastructure development.”

Zimbabwe A prime example is Group Five’s role in the rehabilitation of the 822 km east to

TOP Foam bitumen trial section under way in Bulawayo ABOVE Road resealing in progress in Zimbabwe

west route in Zimbabwe, linking Botswana through Plumtree, Bulawayo, and Harare with Mutare on the Mozambique border.

Works included a topographical and geotechnical sur vey of the route, detailed

IMIESA April 2017

35

Roads & Bridges design of required interventions; reconThree basic operational approaches were struction of carriageways and surfaces; determined, depending on the road conroad repairs and resealing; plus the design dition. Some 420 km required minor and construction of nine modern toll plazas. inter vention, 250 km intermediate and As Bennet explained, a complete rebuild 150 km major inter vention. The key was was out of the question due to budget to start on the minor and intermediate constraints. However, sections to ensure they “Lenders want through an unsolicited didn’t degrade into major bid process, Group Five inter ventions during the assurances that was able to offer a period. their investment has build solution. Essentially, It’s important to emphaa social spin and Group Five recomsise that these rebuilds mended a two-pronged are interim measures. directly benefits approach: firstly, to will need inter venaffected communities They extend the life of the tions ever y two to three existing road through through traceable and years to keep the route interim rehabilitation; achievable outcomes- in an acceptable and and secondly, to put in safe condition. Delaying based initiatives.” place an efficient toll a minor inter vention by collection strategy that will pool revenue for as little as three to six years can lead to future and major infrastructure upgrades. more than double the inter vention costing The money expended on the 820 km secper km of road. tion has added a further life of 10 years The major inter ventions will be completed at an average cost of around US$280 000 incrementally by the Zimbabwean governper kilometre. To have rebuilt the road for a ment and funded through toll fees. Since normal 30-year lifespan would have equated the installation of a new and more efficient to three times that amount. system, toll fee revenues have more than

doubled. All toll stations are now selfsufficient in terms of power thanks to solar energy installations.

Reducing costs of implementation The effective use of technology in Africa can greatly extend available budgets and make seemingly marginal projects viable. For example, recycling of existing asphalt can save up to 2% of bitumen usage.

The adoption of clean energy is also becoming more cost effective and, as shown in Group Five’s Zimbabwe project, can allow proper systems to be implemented without having to install substantial electrical reticulation. Toll collection systems are also constantly evolving and this all adds to the efficacy of collection, which ultimately translates into better infrastructure for the people.

Costing is a critical area when it comes to concessions. “Governments would be well advised to consult with contractors first to ensure that competitive pricing is possible through streamlined policies, which are business-friendly while at the same time socially beneficial,” added Bennett.

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Roads & Bridges

Building on solid foundations Tosas has been supplying quality bituminous products across Southern Africa for more than four decades. Werner Tessendorf, Business Development Manager at Tosas, talks to IMIESA about the company’s development.

Road maintenance and repair is a big problem in South and Southern Africa.

What solutions does Tosas offer in this regard?

WT We are continuously engaged in research and exploring new technologies that can enhance or improve the performance of our existing products or lead to new product development. Our extremely well-qualified and highly competent technical staff are, for example, already delving into the PG characteristics of bitumen emulsions, something that most others are not doing yet. We have all the facilities and laboratory equipment to make the best out of the available raw materials, thereby ensuring that the quality of our products, whether the latest or the oldest and most proven, is always top notch.

Tosas has introduced some new products to the market. Could you tell us about these?

One of our more recent highlights is the signing of the Ralumac® Licence Agreement with the Ingevity Corporation. Ralumac® is well known for being the original micro surfacing system that was developed in Germany in the 1980s and which, in layman’s terms, is a high quality rapid setting slurry. In many instances, Ralumac® has become the "generically" used term to refer to micro-surfacing.

Ralumac® is a complex system of specialised emulsions and aggregates that is placed in a thin layer (around 8 mm to 15 mm) as a high quality, cost effective rapid setting maintenance seal. Owing to the structural strength it presents, it is also used for the filling of ruts and undulations in roads.

The backing and support from the licensor is enormous, not only from a technical and commercial perspective but also from practical visitations and physical involvement in the

analysis of local aggregates and ranges of possible solutions. We believe that road owners, in particular, will benefit tremendously from this agreement as there are quite a few variations that will make the product more adaptable for various aggregate sources across South Africa.

Another milestone has been the formalising, through signing of the license agreement, of our New Crumb Rubber Technology, or NCRTTM. The development of this product has taken almost a decade and the ‘localising’ of the original German research, in conjunction with our partners Storimpex and Sasol, has now finally come together in the signed licence agreement.

NCRTTM is a rubber bitumen binder that takes away all the restrictive practical constraints of the well known and well loved conventional bitumen rubber. We’ve now completed six fullscale NCRTTM contracts across South Africa and look forward to many more.

Our most recently launched product is a new pre-coating emulsion called GreencoteTM. It contains no cutters or solvents, making it more environmentally friendly than other, similar

products currently available. GreencoteTM will soon be available throughout Southern Africa.

What is your distribution footprint in Southern Africa?

We have five manufacturing plants strategically located across South Africa and one plant in Namibia and one in Botswana. This enables us to supply the whole of Southern Africa and places us within easy reach of the bulk of our customers. We are able to supply the entire product range from each branch and always maintain the same high specifications and quality products for every litre of product supplied or manufactured. In addition to these branches, we export a wide range of products to most of the SADC countries in bulk and drums and will always endeavour to continuously grow our business into Africa.

What is Tosas’ industry outlook for 2017?

We are very optimistic and believe that 2017 will be a very busy year for us. We have secured a large portion of our order book and are extremely grateful to our clients who believe in, and who stand by us. Our independence is now well proven and our clients trust us across the entire spectrum. One of the biggest challenges, though, will be the availability of bitumen. This mostly because of the unexpected on-and-off situations at most of the refineries.

Tosas is continuously trying to improve its standards of service delivery and we have also embarked on a programme of equipment replacement and renewal, which we know will further assist with our clients’ trust in us.

IMIESA April 2017

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The last piece of the puzzle...

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Transport, Logistics, Vehicles & Equipment

Taking oscillation to new levels Bomag continues to refine its asphalt construction product line in order to deliver class-leading solutions and the lowest operating costs. The TanGO system is a prime example. By Alastair Currie

T

he introduction of Bomag’s oscillation double drum asphalt roller series expands the German original equipment manufacturer’s offering in the local market, where the Bomag range is supplied and supported in southern Africa by JSE-listed entity, Bell Equipment.

Equipped with Tier III engines, the two machine line-up consists of the BW 161 ADO-50 and BW 202 ADO-50 - weighing in at 9.5 and 12.5 t - and with a working width of 1 680 and 2 135 mm, respectively.

One of the key competitive advantages is their oscillating roller set-up which features the OEM’s proprietar y TanGO system. TanGO is an exciter system developed by Bomag using oscillating vibration technology and is suitable for low vibration compaction work on bridges close to buildings and on thin layers.

“Depending on the specification, vibratory compaction can be combined with oscillation or used separately,” explains Johan Hanekom, Bell Equipment’s product manager for the Bomag range, adding that TanGO has one amplitude setting, which is optimised for all applications.

8 000-hour drum warranty The TanGO system comes to market with an 8 000-hour warranty on the oscillating drum. “This is particularly significant since many competitive machines only achieve a life of up to 3 000 hours prior to a drum rebuild intervention.”

The drum cannot bounce because TanGO always works obliquely to the surface. This has two advantages: on the one hand this prevents crushing of the aggregate while on the other hand no bow waves are created

even when working at higher working speeds. The TanGO drum is in the rear of the machine so the front vibrating drum can be used for thicker layers or stiffer mixes.

TanGO compaction uses two exciter shafts rotating in the same direction so that a torque is generated around the drum axis.

The drum quickly keeps alternating its effective direction tangentially to the contact surface (forwards and backwards).

Easy access for maintenance Another key OEM development on the BW 161 ADO-50 and BW 202 ADO-50 models is the repositioning of the engine, which has been moved from the front end to the back frame and is now placed behind the cab section. This vastly improves eye-level maintenance access. With the previous

From left Johnny van Straaten (plant manager: Martin & East), Clifton Roberts (sales representative: Bell Equipment), Kelly Maree (plant manager: Zebra Surfacing), Ockert Keyser (contracts manager: Zebra Surfacing) and Ian Marais (customer support representative: Bell Equipment) at the handover of the Bomag BW 202 ADO-50 in Cape Town in March

IMIESA April 2017

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Transport, Logistics, Vehicles & Equipment

A Bomag BF800P paver belonging to the Kwa Mhlanga Group spreads aggregate during a recent equipment demonstration while a Bomag BW 219D smooth drum roller follows to compact the base material

generation, the cab had to be lifted to access the engine. The new engine position also promotes a low centre of gravity.

The BW 161 ADO-50 and BW 202 ADO-50 also come standard with Bomag’s unique Economizer feature, which is essentially a stiffness meter. Integrated in the central display, the Economizer helps the operator achieve optimum compaction results. Operation is very simple because no activation or calibration is required.

The Economizer automatically determines the compaction progress. “A lighting strip informs the operator of the end of compaction and avoids over-compaction. In addition, a warning light indicates any risk of over-compaction. The driver is informed about the optimum speed to use.”

Other standard features include crab walk (170 mm to both sides) and a heat gauge which confirms the temperature of the asphalt during operation, which is critical for optimum compaction. These machines also come with a no-greasing system, in other words there are no grease nipples, which is a common feature across the Bomag range. On the BW series, special bearings with hermetic sealing and a permanent, high-quality grease filling guarantee reliable lifetime lubrication.

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IMIESA April 2017

without any traction difficulties, thanks to the six-wheel drive and the weight of the machine.”

Bomag’s proprietary Magma Life is a key highlight on all Bomag’s screeds. Magma Life features an electric heating system with heating rods cast into an aluminium block. This achieves increased heating plate service life compared with conventional heating systems for the highest operational reliability.

Thanks to the excellent conductivity of aluminium, short heat-up times of just 20 to 30 minutes (depending on the screed width) are “We have extensively researched the needs achieved even at maximum screed extension. of the market, and we believe these machines Typically, a temperature of 140°C is achieved are well designed, enabling them to outperwithin 15 minutes. “That’s up to three times form in the oscillation class,” adds Hanekom. faster than other machines currently in the The first Bomag BW 202 ADO-50 unit sold market,” points out Hanekom, adding that the in 2017 was delivered to Cape Town-based aluminium plates provide perfect heat districontractor, Zebra Construction, in March. bution across the entire screed plate surface Bomag pavers for the perfect matt finish.

Working in tandem with Bomag asphalt Bomag has one of the heaviest screed compactors is the paver series. Bell offers models on the market. This is a 5 m screed three models: sitting at around 3.9 t, which is standard • The entry-level 8 t operating weight B300C on the local BF800P unit. “Optimum screed and BF300P with their weight is impor tant 3.4 m paving width, which when it comes to pre“Optimum screed are well suited for small weight is important compaction: the betjobs performed by SMME ter the performance in when it comes to contractors. this respect, the better • The top of the range, the final result.” pre-compaction: the 21.5 t BF800P unit, At 400 mm in length, the better the with six-wheel drive as Bomag also has the performance in this longest vibrating standard. With paving widths of 2.50 to screed plates on the respect, the better 10 m, the BF 800P is market to provide an the final result.” ideal for medium- to largeextra-smooth finish. scale construction projects.

“An advantage of Bomag machines across ‘P’ stands for pneumatic tyre configuration. A the board is the company's design phi‘C’ tracked version is also available. The main losophy of ‘one switch, one operation’ advantage of tyre-driven pavers is their mobilfunctionality, negating the need for touch ity from point-to-point on site, while tracked screens. This simplifies operator trainunits need to be redeployed via a low-bed. ing and downstream efficiency. The in“On base layers, the BF800P with extensions built technology takes care of the rest,” can produce a 250 mm matt thickness, adds Hanekom.

Transport, Logistics, Vehicles & Equipment

The rise in milling rentals

R

A Wirtgen W200 Hi milling unit. A key feature of the W200 Hi is its hydraulically driven milling drum assembly, which can be displaced 400 mm to both the right and the left, thus ensuring maximum flexibility on the job

oad Milling and Sweeping (RMS) first entered the market with a single Wirtgen 1000C milling machine and decided to focus on this leading equipment brand.

Today, RMS’s dedicated Wirtgen fleet comprises around 21 units, including the still functioning original 1000C. RMS’s core business is the rental of milling machines for the rehabilitation of asphalt and concrete roads. The company operates on a national basis and has recently completed a number of cross-border contracts. “We still have ongoing work in Lesotho that will pick up in 2017. We have also worked in Namibia, Botswana, Swaziland and Malawi,” comments Lesley Kafka, general manager of RMS. According to Kafka, 98% of the company’s crossborder work is through the South African

Transport, Logistics, Vehicles & Equipment

keep our machines on hire,” says Kafka.

Demand is mostly driven by smaller civil engineering contractors. This is in direct contrast to some five years ago when the company would mostly deal with the bigger civil contractors.

Projects are being packaged into smaller lots to allow upcoming contractors a share of the government infrastructure spend. Most of these smaller contractors lack the financial muscle to invest in their own specialised equipment, such as milling machines.

Strong operator and maintenance regime Cold milling operations in progress

contracting fraternity working elsewhere in Africa.

RMS repor ts increased demand for its milling machines in the past 12 to 18 months. “We believe we had a fantastic year in 2016 in terms of being able to

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IMIESA April 2017

Prior to the most recent purchase in July 2016, the last Wirtgen acquired by RMS was back in 2013. According to Kafka, that speaks volumes about not only the build quality, but, more importantly, also the strict ser vice and maintenance regime adopted by RMS. Their longevity can also be attributed to the fact that these machines are rented

out with an operator who works exclusively with it. “Our operators are ver y territorial about their machines and they look after them,” says Kafka. Continuous training of RMS’s 25 operators is a key focus for the company.

Ser vices – including oils, hubs, gear boxes and engine oils – are carried out at 250-hour inter vals. These inter vals are maintained even when machines are out on-site, where ser vices are undertaken 95% of the time. Major ser vices, such as drums and hydraulics, are done once a year, especially during the December downtime period when most machines return to the workshop.

Looking ahead, Kafka is confident that the business will continue on a good course in 2017. “Our vision is to continually strive for excellence to build our reputation further. We always go the extra mile for our customers, delivering more than they expect. This goes beyond the equipment to the people on the ground who make it happen.”

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Transport, Logistics, Vehicles & Equipment

A mass excavation leader Specifications Doosan DX225LCA hydraulic excavator Weight (kg)

21 500

Bucket size (m3) (general purpose) 0.92 Engine Net power (kW)

Doosan’s DX225LCA hydraulic excavator has one of the best traction force ratings in its class when working on slopes or in tough ground conditions.

For applications in construction, roads, utilities, rental, quarrying and many other industries, the high performance, durability and reliability of portable power equipment is key to boosting productivity on site. At Doosan Portable Power, our compressors, generators and lighting systems are designed and rigorously tested to ensure they give outstanding operation on the toughest sites and in the most extreme conditions around the world.

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M

Doosan DB58TIS 110 kW

anufactured in South Korea for the world, Doosan’s comprehensive earthmoving range is supported by the successive roll-out of new products to support growth in niche sectors. The current range includes tracked, wheeled and mini excavators, articulated dump trucks, and wheel loaders.

Within the medium hydraulic excavator segment, Doosan’s latest generation DX225LCA unit is a prime example of a machine that is gaining ground in South Africa across industries that include the plant hire, construction and municipal segments.

Weighing in at around 21.5 t, the DX225LCA is equipped with a 0.92 m³ bucket. Rated net power is 110 kW with a maximum engine torque output of 603 Nm at 1 400 rpm. Hydraulic hammer lines are a standard feature.

For optimum control, the e-POS system (Electronic Power Optimising System) provides a per fect synchronised communication link between the engine’s electronic control unit and the hydraulic system. A controller area network system facilitates a constant flow of information, ensuring that power is delivered exactly as needed.

Two travel speeds offer either increased torque or high-speed tracking, while an auto-deceleration system and cross-sensing pump promote fuel-efficiency gains.

“Doosan maintains its strong position in today’s highly competitive earthmoving sector through its reputation for reliable engines, robust chassis structures, and quality components.

These ensure extended ser vice life, combined with easy serviceability that reduces downtime,” says Chris Whitehead, managing director of DISA Equipment, trading as Doosan. (DISA forms part of Invicta Holdings’ Capital Equipment Group.)

“What’s also critical to Doosan’s success is the technical support, repair and maintenance ser vice we offer our customer base throughout the countr y.”

Doosan offers a national technical advisor y, maintenance and support ser vice through its branches in Johannesburg, Durban and Wolmaransstad and dealers in East London, Port Elizabeth, Cape Town, Middelburg, Kimberley, Rustenburg and Bloemfontein.

Transport, Logistics, Vehicles & Equipment

Leading the truck and bus market

Despite a significant overall decrease in the truck market, Mercedes-Benz Trucks increased its market share by almost two percentage points last year.

Jasper Hafkamp, executive director, Daimler Trucks & Buses Southern Africa

T

his performance was further bolstered by Mercedes-Benz Bus & Coach, which delivered 150 dual-fuel city buses – a world-first for MercedesBenz – to Johannesburg’s MetroBus. The company also handed over 40 compressed natural gas buses to the City of Tshwane.

Mercedes-Benz Trucks and Bus & Coach forms part of Daimler Trucks & Buses (DT&B) along with Western Star and FUSO Trucks.

Announcing Mercedes-Benz 2016 financial results, Arno van der Merwe, CEO and executive director: Manufacturing, Mercedes-Benz SA, said the group had remained strong despite tough market conditions.

Jasper Hafkamp, executive director, Daimler Trucks & Buses Southern Africa, added: “A depreciating rand and harsh operating conditions did not dampen our collective spirits as DT&B in 2016. In fact, these factors pushed us to innovate through campaigns such as Total Cost of Ownership, allowing us to prove further that we always put our customers’ mobility requirements first. This approach resulted in DT&B selling 4 631 trucks and buses – a figure we are proud of in such a tough economy.”

Hafkamp believes one of the major reasons

for DT&B’s continued positive results is that it offers benchmark value-chain offerings, which saw increased penetration across the board.

CharterWay enjoyed a 39 percentage point increase on penetration for all its service contracts, owing to the Integrated Service Plan. The manufacturer’s driver and vehicle management system, FleetBoard, increased penetration by six percentage points, while Mercedes-Benz Financial Services increased penetration across the DT&B offering by 10 percentage points.

Forming part of the value chain is the manufacturer’s pre-owned vehicles and trailers arm TruckStore South Africa, which remains a success story with total sales growing by 8% in 2016 compared to the previous year. The outlet is the single biggest and most successful TruckStore centre outside Germany, and continues to develop the pre-owned commercial vehicle and trailer business by exploring a number of opportunities.

New product makes its mark FUSO Trucks launched the medium-to-heavyduty FJ 16-230 in 2016, which Van der Merwe believes is one of the most successful

IMIESA April 2017

47

Transport, Logistics, Vehicles & Equipment entrants into the corresponding Southern African market. With the addition of the robust vehicle, the manufacturer offers a wide choice for various applications such as distribution, rentals, courier and SMMEs.

No more Argosy

The anticipated Concept X-Class bakkie will be launched into the Southern African market in early 2018, closing one of the last gaps in the Mercedes-Benz market.

The Concept X-Class promises customers a class-leading vehicle that sets new standards in a growing segment.

48

Another development coming out of 2016 is the decision by DT&B to discontinue the import of the Freightliner Argosy. Van der Merwe explained that although Freightliner is a dominant player in South Africa, the high rand/dollar exchange has made importing the truck from America ver y costly.

The group will still continue to support the roughly 12 000 Argosy trucks still running in the region with ser vice and spares. Pre-owned trucks will still be sold through TruckStore.

Hafkamp concluded that, for the trucking market, indicators for the year ahead forecast improvement on 2016.

Vans show robust sales Mercedes-Benz Vans also showed good growth in 2016, increasing its South African market share by 2.8 percentage points in the large van market, and achieving 39% growth

Mercedes-Benz South Africa CEO Arno van der Merwe leaves his position to take up the reins as president and CEO of Beijing Benz Automotive as of 1 April 2017. Van der Merwe is succeeded by Andreas Engling. in unit sales in the mid-size market. These numbers were due to the success of the V-Class, Vito and the class-leading Sprinter.

“As Mercedes-Benz Vans South Africa, we made use of our strong position and ensured that 2016 was the year of the vans customer. All our efforts were squarely focused on ensuring that our customers’ needs were met at every touchpoint,” said Nadia Trimmel, vice-president of Mercedes Benz Vans Southern Africa.

“Mercedes-Benz dominates the large van market and, despite the decline in the market, we still grew our market share. That is undisputable evidence that we continue to be the leaders when it comes to all things vans.

IMIESA April 2017

Fast, simple, profitable and sustainable The next generation of state-of-the-art Dynapac CA single drum vibratory rollers feature superior compaction performance to high efficiency ratios for sustainability in the work environment. www.atlascopco.co.za

TRENCHLESS

NEWS

TRENCHLESS NEWS | COVER STORY

Microtunnelling through Cape Town Cape Flats 3 Bulk Sewer

The project team responsible for the construction of the Cape Flats 3 Bulk Sewer Phase 2 – comprising the City of Cape Town, AECOM and CSV Construction – has won the 2016 Joop van Wamelen SASTT Award of Excellence in recognition of exceptional contributions to the active promotion and implementation of trenchless technology in Southern Africa. By Danielle Petterson

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he City of Cape Town’s existing twin Cape Flats Bulk Sewers, constructed in the 1960s, serve an 8 000 ha area of the Cape Flats, and also provide a link for transfer of flow between two bulk wastewater catchment areas.

However, they have become severely dilapidated and silted up and can no longer adequately perform their strategic function.

The completion of Phase 2 of the Cape Flats 3 Bulk Sewer (CF3-2) will provide the final link in the system, greatly increasing the system capacity to allow rehabilitation work to be undertaken on the old sewers, as well as providing sufficient capacity in the system for at least the next 50 years.

AECOM’s design for the CF3-2 was undertaken between 2012 and 2015, which

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IMIESA April 2017

included comprehensive assessments of various alignment options, as well as an evaluation of long-term operational requirements regarding the strategic nature of the sewer.

CSV Construction was appointed in July 2015, and physical construction work commenced at the beginning of 2016.

The CF3-2 was ultimately designed as a 1 000 mm diameter ductile iron rising main, starting at the Bridgetown Pump Station and discharging into the existing CF3 gravity sewer (Phase 1). The 5 km route traverses a densely populated area of Cape Town, where significant sections of the pipeline would need to be installed beneath busy roadways.

Microtunnelling According to AECOM engineer Timothy Hotchkiss, the route was broadly debated,

Client: City of Cape Town Consulting engineer: AECOM Contractor: CSV Construction

seeing as construction could have significant social and environmental impacts on the built-up and densely populated areas the sewer line would run beneath. Moreover, the detailed survey showed that the preferred alignment would cross numerous existing services, resulting in further complexity to an already technically challenging project.

Microtunnelling – a remote controlled mechanised pipe-jacking operation preceded by a tunnel boring machine (TBM), which

TRENCHLESS NEWS | COVER STORY

mechanically removes soil from the jacking face using a slurry process, was suggested as a means to accommodate these challenges, but was originally not considered economically feasible, explains Hotchkiss.

Therefore, the tender originally called for three conventional pipe jacks to be undertaken for the crossing of three major roads only. The balance of the pipeline was tendered as conventional open excavation with allowance for trench shoring.

However, the microtunnelling method was reconsidered when Hannes Coetzee, director of CSV, advocated the use of microtunnelling due to the number of pipe jacks under busy roads and the close proximity to other service mains. The number of traffic diversions, temporary works and the dewatering that would have been required with conventional pipe jacking remained an obstacle due to the high cost and technical challenges it presents.

Following extensive technical and financial evaluations, it was found that microtunnelling sections of the CF3-2 would indeed be feasible. One of the biggest contributing factors to making this possible was the recent introduction of a ductile iron

BELOW FROM LEFT TO RIGHT The Herrenknecht AVN 800 XC TBM with an 1 190 mm diameter extension kit being prepared for launch from the jacking shaft Jacking the first ductile iron pipe behind the TBM Lowering a ductile iron jacking pipe into the jacking frame Dr Gisela Kaiser, executive director: Utilities, City of Cape Town, at the ceremonial launch of the TBM christened “Busy Lilly”

jacking pipe to the market – a final product pressure pipe that can be jacked directly into the ground behind a TBM. This, therefore, offered a more cost-effective and operationally sustainable system than the conventional option of installing the pressure pipe through a microtunnelled concrete ‘sleeve’.

Anic Smit, project lead for the City of Cape Town, commented that, ultimately, this project has proven that microtunnelling not only mitigates social and environmental impacts, but that it could also offer the City of Cape Town a financially feasible alternative at reduced risk and higher endproduct quality.

The right machine for the job CSV acquired a Herrenknecht AVN 800 XC TBM with an 1190 mm diameter extension kit for the job.

AVN machines belong to the category of closed, full-face excavation machines with a hydraulic slurry circuit. The soil to be excavated is removed using a cutter head adapted to the respective geology, be it soft soils or hard rock, making it possible to use the machines in almost all geological conditions. A cone-shaped crusher inside the excavation chamber crumbles stones and other obstructions to a conveyable grain size while tunnelling and advancing; this debris is removed through the slurry line.

CSV opted for a soft-ground cutter head on its AVN 800 XC because it has larger openings, allowing for faster advancement as the machines can accommodate larger volumes of material in the chamber. The cutter head, equipped with chisels, can also comfortably handle more solid materials.

At one point, the team tunnelled through a

Throughout the world, pipe jacking and microtunnelling are becoming increasingly important for the installation of service pipes and sewer pipes. The combination of pipe jacking and microtunnelling offers numerous advantages, especially in urban city areas: • It is suitable in nearly all geologies • The method is safe with un-crewed underground operations • Inclined pipe jacking and three dimensional curves are possible • It causes minimal traffic disruption along the construction route • In contrast to conventional methods, it is an environmentally friendly method that helps to conserve protected landscape areas (due to minimum excavation and dewatering) • Fewer stoppage periods due to weather conditions • Minimum soil quantities to be disposed of • Sub-leasing of microtunnelled pipeline sleeves makes it a popular trenchless solution, especially in congested city areas.

dump site that they had not been aware of, and encountered concrete and rebar, which the machine handled without issue.

The machine also comes equipped with a high-pressure jet-water system to prevent the clogging of the crusher cone in

IMIESA April 2017

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Efficient Credit: Terry February

State-of-the-art tunnelling technology from Herrenknecht is currently being applied to upgrade the sewage system in Cape Town.

1.2 km of new, sustainable tunnel infrastructure is under construction with minimum disruption to the local community.

Construction of the Cape Flats 3 Bulk Sewer – Phase 2 Client: City of Cape Town Engineer: AECOM Contractor: CSV Construction

Pioneering Underground Technologies www.herrenknecht.com

17-03-23_ID_XXXX_IMESA_210x148-5.indd 1

23.03.17 09:17

TRENCHLESS NEWS | COVER STORY

“One of the most critical areas of an operation is where the tunnelling machine exits the shaft, making it important to have the right type of exit seal. ”

cohesive soils. Although Cape Town has clayey sands, the disturbance of the cutter head was sufficient and this functionality was not needed.

RIGHT Jacking frame within the jacking shaft

Technical details

comfortable progress and comfortable jacking pressures,” he explains.

At one point along the route, the jacking length was increased to 210 m because technical challenges prevented the sinking of an additional shaft.

This required additional slurry and hydraulic and communication support pipes and cables to be acquired. The longest drive ended up being 218 m long with jacking forces close to the 350 tonne jacking capacity offered by the shaft jacking frame.

An interlocking sheet pile method was used to construct 6 m x 4 m jacking shafts. In some areas, the sheet piles were driven using an excavator fitted with highfrequency vibration hammers, while in other sections, silent piling technology was used to prevent disturbance when sinking shafts close to houses.

According to Coetzee, one of the most critical areas of an operation is where the tunnelling machine exits the shaft, making it important to have the right type of exit seal.

In this case, the machine was forced through a 30 mm thick neoprene exit seal to prevent sand and water from washing into the exit shaft. This is not often seen in pipe-jacking operations using open-face excavation or augers in South Africa. However, because the slurry system pushes large quantities of water through the face of the machine, it is vital to protect the exit so that the slurry does not wash back into the pit, causing possible sinkholes at the surface.

The machine was able to achieve an extremely high vertical accuracy of 13 mm

The 4 m long ductile iron jacking pipes were supplied by Chinese company Xinxing, with a 1 170 mm OD and a 1 000 mm ID, with an outside reinforced concrete sheath and a polyurethane internal lining. According to Coetzee, these pipes offer a jacking capacity of 5 080 kN, making them significantly stronger than conventional concrete jacking pipes, significantly decreasing the likelihood of a pipe failure during the jacking operations, even for long jacking distances in excess of 200 m.

To the team’s knowledge, these pipes had never been jacked in the Western Cape region before. “We teamed up with Herrenknecht because it is the best supplier of this type of slurry method small-diameter tunnelling equipment. It has the knowledge we needed to complete this project successfully,” said Coetzee.

The team typically jacked between three and five pipes per eight hour work day. On their best day the team was able to jack roughly 25 m. Coetzee explains that the time-consuming part of the operation was to disconnect and reconnect the cables and slurry pipes in order to insert the next jacking pipe, since all of this equipment connected to the TBM is located within the main pipeline. Working an extended day with the four-man crew will enable 32 m to be installed comfortably.

CSV decided on a maximum drive length of 150 m to circumvent the need for inter-jack stations and the lubrication of the outside of the pipe normally required to reduce the friction on the pipe surface. Coetzee explained that the team opted not to lubricate the pipes through ports in the pipes themselves, but only to lubricate from the tunnelling machine as the tunnel advanced. The machine overcut the pipe OD by 10 mm, forming a 10 mm annulus around the pipe, which was filled using a computer-controlled pressurised bentonite injection system. “This allowed very

BELOW RIGHT CSV operators in the microtunnelling control room

and a horizontal accuracy of 47 mm, with zero disturbances at the surface during the project. Due to the high level of control possible in controlling the undersurface ground water pressures created and counteracted by pressures exerted by the slurry system and the rate of advancing of the TBM, depressions (sinkholes) and heaving at ground level can be totally avoided. Although working in an area where high groundwater levels are present, no dewatering was required for the TBM operation.

Successful completion From February to November 2016, a total of 1 200 m of pipeline was installed successfully across eight sections with a high degree of precision, ahead of schedule and within budget, using the microtunnelling method.

CSV Construction’s Herrenknecht AVN 800 XC TBM is the first of its kind to be owned and operated by a Southern African company.

The project team is confident that the microtunnelling technology will form a crucial role in the successful implementation of future pipeline projects located in congested urban areas of Southern Africa.

Photos: Terry February (AECOM)

IMIESA April 2017

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TRENCHLESS NEWS

HDD breakthrough in Tshwane There are new approaches to pipeline upgrades in South Africa that benefit from international best practice, as Sam Efrat, managing member of Trenchless Technologies, explains.

A

s part of the Temba Water Purification Plant upgrade and extension project, situated within the Tshwane municipal region, a 1 300 m section of 800 mm diameter NB asbestos cement (AC) pipe required replacement underneath wooden electrical pylons and cables. The electrical cables were to remain operational during the replacement works, prohibiting the use of conventional construction equipment. The response was an innovative horizontal directional drilling (HDD) solution.

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IMIESA April 2017

The technique used to replace this AC section, carried out by specialist subcontractor Trenchless Technologies, is believed to be a world first in the HDD field for two reasons.

Firstly, for the largest-diameter host pipe known to have been replaced by pipe-reaming technology. Secondly, because the reaming and installation of the new 800 mm OD

HDPE pipeline replacement in progress in Temba: existing pylons and overhead electrical cables necessitated the use of trenchless technology

high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipeline was achieved in a single pass without first filling the host pipe void with bentonite and then reaming in stages. Valued at around R14 million, the pipeline project was completed in 26 weeks.

The process To achieve the end result, Trenchless Technologies invested in a state-of-the-art DD10 American Auger HDD rig for the pipe reaming works. “The rig’s 6.1 m long drill rods were threaded together by the HDD rig to form

TRENCHLESS NEWS OPPOSITE PAGE FAR LEFT Trenchless Technologies’ DD10 horizontal directional drill onsite in Temba LEFT During the Temba project, asbestos elements were removed downstream using a Kosun KSMR-250 mud separation system. Once separated, the bentonite and water mix was reused in the pipe-reaming process

a long, continuous drill stem, pushed from the HDD rig through a receiving pit into the existing AC pipe up to the launch pit,” says Sam Efrat, managing member of Trenchless Technologies, adding that the HDD rig is capable of pullback forces of 50 t and a rotation force of 18 982 Nm. The drill rods were then connected to the pipe reamer, which was in turn connected via a swivel to a bull-nose. The bull-nose was attached to the new 800 PE 100 PN 16 pipe.

18 m lengths of 800 PN16 HDPE pipe were butt-welded into long, continuous sections of approximately 150 m to be pulled into position in the reamed-out bore behind the reaming assembly. The existing AC pipe was cut into smaller fragments mixing the pipe cuttings into the surrounding soil and into the inflowing bentonite

mud mix. The mixture of bentonite and water helped to maintain the integrity of the bore in addition to lubricating and surrounding the new HDPE pipe during pull-in.

electrofusion couplings and off-shoots by means of electrofusion saddles to provide a complete HDPE solution. Connection to the end points and scour valve was achieved by HDPE stub-ends and backing flanges.

Asbestos removal plan Integral to the success of the project was an asbestos removal plan, which was approved by the Department of Labour. This was facilitated by employing Averda, an environmental specialist, to assist in the safe disposal of all contaminated waste.

“This required the lining of all launch, receiving and catchment pits using 250 micron plastic sheeting to contain the bentonite, spoil, asbestos and water, and then removing the contaminated asbestos elements using a Kosun KSMR-250 mud separation system,” says Efrat. “Once separated, the bentonite and water mix was reused in the pipe-reaming process, and on completion, filtered and disposed of as prescribed.”

Connection between the ±150 m long lengths of installed HDPE was achieved by means of

Richards Bay “This technology offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative for large- and small-diameter water and sewer pipe replacement using locally produced HDPE piping,” adds Efrat.

Another recent example that supports this claim is a sewer-replacement project completed by Trenchless Technologies in Aquadene, Richards Bay. The same technology deployed at Temba was mobilised to replace 600 m of 150 FC pipe with 355 HDPE, and 900 m of 250 FC pipe with 450 HDPE in lengths of up to 170 m at a time.

Ground conditions were extremely tough, with dune sand and high groundwater levels as well as boundary walls located in close proximity to the works, which were surpassed through precision engineering.

“This technology offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative for large- and small-diameter water and sewer pipe replacement.”

Over Half a Million Metres of Successfully Installed

+27 (0)86 006 6344 info@trenchless.co.za www.trenchless.co.za

TRENCHLESS NEWS

Upsizing pipelines using trenchless techniques For the past two decades, South Africa’s urban population has grown at a rate of at least 50% higher than the national average. This has created an enormous demand for water services. By Alaster Goyns*

T

355 OD HDPE pipe bursting casing containing a TR 210 hammer

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IMIESA April 2017

he population densities in both established and newly developed areas are significantly higher than was envisaged during their original planning. Hence water ser vices could be undersized by a factor of between five and 10 times for the current demand.

Urban densification leaves little space for digging trenches to install, replace and repair pipelines. Trenches seriously disrupt communities and businesses and are not practical or cost-effective; however, the trenches themselves only occupy a portion of the space. Excavated material and access next to trenches for placing materials and installing pipes is needed, resulting in a footprint several times the trench width.

The primar y requirement for a water pipeline is hydraulic capacity. This has to be prescribed by the pipeline owner based on the demands of the end users.

In order to meet this requirement, and continue doing so, the pipeline must meet several secondar y ones, namely: strength, water-tightness and durability. The problems that occur with pipelines and their subsequent failures are, in general, due to their inability to meet one of these secondar y requirements.

The techniques used in the developed world effectively rectify the problems associated with the secondar y requirements: • fixing leaking joints, as they provide a continuous water-tight pipeline from manhole to manhole • r einstating the structural integrity, as they can be designed to carr y the loads imposed, extending ser vice life • maintaining the durability, as the materials used are corrosion resistant under almost any conditions.

However, these techniques do not address the issue of providing the additional capacity demanded by the current densification of SA’s urban areas that is likely to continue for several decades.

Trenchless options Going trenchless minimises sur face disruption and space utilisation and, in particular, with ser vice rehabilitation: • the route to be followed is predetermined • the route can be inspected using multisensor systems, so unforeseen problems can be identified and corrected • the in-ser vice structural requirements to carr y external loads are reduced • there is no need to import bedding materials • working conditions are safer • there is vir tually no chance of any damage to nearby ser vices • air pollution is reduced as the use of heavy excavation equipment is minimal.

However, there are other factors that need to be considered: • the condition of the original system must be assessed before selecting the rehabilitation technique to use • the loading conditions need to be evaluated to determine which are critical • t he impact of any potential damage that could occur to the liner during installation • the contractor doing the work must have the necessar y expertise and equipment.

Although rehabilitation cannot rectify problems designed or built into a system, a thorough condition assessment and the use of appropriate techniques will minimise the impact of such problems and the associated risks.

Pipe bursting This can be done in several ways, the simplest being a static pull using rods or similar mechanisms attached to a fixed dimension bursting head that is larger than the existing old pipe.

This breaks it into fragments, pushes these fragments into the surrounding soil and simultaneously pulls in a new pipe of the same or larger diameter to replace the old one. More sophisticated systems

TRENCHLESS NEWS

use a pneumatically driven hammer or a hydraulically expanding head to break the existing pipes.

There are other techniques for the on-line replacement of pipelines, such as pipe splitting and pipe implosion, which are based on the same principles. The combination of HDD with pipe bursting is used for pipe eating and reaming where the fragments of the old pipe are removed rather than displaced. This is especially useful where the original pipe material is considered to be hazardous (asbestos cement).

All these techniques involve the insertion of a bursting head into the old pipe. The leading end of this is smaller than the pipe to be replaced and is attached to pulling rods or a cable. The trailing end is attached to the new pipe and has an outside diameter slightly larger than that of the new pipe, so that the friction on the new pipe

is reduced. The pulling cable or rod is fed from the reception pit through the pipeline to the insertion pit where it is connected to the leading end of the bursting head. A typical pipe bursting schematic is shown in Figure 1.

Normal pipe bursting methods are not used for asbestos pipe lines. They are usually water supply lines and the contractor needs to be registered as an asbestos handler. The asbestos will stay in the ground but must be removed from excavated areas and dumped at an asbestos handling facility.

Apart from meeting the primar y requirement of capacity, there are several factors

800 OD HDPE pipe reaming in Themba

to be taken into consideration when using any of these techniques: • r equired pulling forces and stresses on new pipe • distances below the sur face, from other ser vices and surrounding facilities • controlling line and level • location and spacing of pits and other access holes • repair histor y and potential obstructions • external damage during installation.

The benefits of upsizing old pipelines in SA’s densified urban areas are seldom

Figure 1 Typical schematic of pipe bursting operation

Trenchless Technology Specialist

Our range of services include: • Pipe Bursting • Horizontal Directional Drilling • Pipe Rehabilitation

• Pipe Ramming • CCTV Inspection • Dewatering

• HDPE Welding • Deep Excavation and Shoring • Underground Service Detection

• Slip Lining

• Industrial Pipe Cleaning

• Close-fit lining: COMPACT PIPE

For more information you can contact us: +27 (0)21 761 3474 F +27 (0)21 797 1151 E info@tt-innovations.co.za www.tt-innovations.co.za

TRENCHLESS NEWS

that the old pipe can be upsized is dependent on the soil conditions, the material used and the condition of the old pipe.

As pipe bursting follows the route of the existing pipeline, there is not much that can be done to eliminate any line and level problems built into the pipeline.

However, owing to the pulling/pushing of a continuous pipe from access point to access point, with a cable or rods under tension, there will be a tendency to smooth out any sharp changes in alignment. With water supply lines, this should not pose a serious problem as they will be operating under pressure.

However, with gravity lines such as sewers, changes in vertical alignment – in

particular changes from steeper to flatter gradients and back falls or sagging can seriously influence the hydraulic performance, leading to deposition and reduced capacity. A pre-rehabilitation inspection using a multisensor system can identify unforeseen problems. Where these are serious, it may be justified to excavate down to the pipeline and do an appropriate point repair.

As shown in Figure 1, pipe bursting requires at least inser tion and reception pits.

Additional access pits will probably be needed between these where connections to the pipeline are required. The insertion and reception pits should be located so that their numbers are minimised and the length of bursting between them is maximised to make the optimum use of the equipment available.

The rapid urbanisation in SA has placed enormous strain on those tasked with providing services, in particular water services

realised. The velocity and capacity of a partly full pipe at a given gradient is dependent on the diameter to the power of 2/3 and 8/3, respectively. The amount

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Specialist Waste Management Consultants

JPCE

Tel: +27 21 982 6570

/

www.jpce.co.za

Jan Palm Consulting Engineers cc converted to JPCE (Pty) Ltd

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activities associated with these techniques, which create employment, making these techniques really appropriate for SA where unemployment is a serious concern.

Acknowledgements The assistance of fellow SASTT board members Abraham Avenant, Mike King and Sam Efrat in reading through and commenting on this document is gratefully acknowledged.

ABOVE RIGHT Pipe splitting of a steel pipe in Barberton ABOVE 450 OD HDPE pipe bursting casing containing a TR 360 hammer

On sewer rehabilitation projects, the burst length will usually be between manholes spaced an appropriate distance apart, with the bursting operation passing through the intermediate manholes where measures have been taken to accommodate the replacement pipe. When a sewer is significantly upsized, the modifying of manholes may prove uneconomical and it is necessar y to rebuild them. It may also be necessar y to use larger bursting tools and to lubricate with bentonite to reduce friction.

As intermediate access pits for connections entr y and reception are small excavations, they are usually done by hand as the amount of excavation can more effectively controlled than using an excavator. However, the proper shoring of the pits is essential for the safety of the workers and the safety of the surrounding area.

Soil and subsur face investigations, including collecting the necessar y information to design the project, assist the contractor in submitting a realistic bid and selecting the appropriate bursting system: shoring of the shafts, dewatering system, compacting backfill material, etc. Such competent decisions and bidding increases the chances of success during the construction phase of the project.

Concluding comments The rapid urbanisation in SA has placed enormous strain on those tasked with providing ser vices, in particular water ser vices. The existing backlog and the densification of established urban areas exacerbate the burden on limited capacity. On-line replacement techniques are an effective way of rehabilitating and simultaneously upsizing ageing pipelines. They minimise the amount of excavation required, and as the excavations needed are for connections, they are small and require care to avoid damaging other ser vices, they are done by hand. In addition, there are other

*Alaster Goyns is the owner of PIPES CC. Photos courtesy of Trenchless Technologies cc.

Trenchless News | Profile

Delivering world-class trenchless technologies The acquisition of trenchless technology specialist Tuboseal by Esor is set to unlock a wealth of future business opportunities for the construction and civil engineering contractor.

BEFORE Cured-in-place pipe before and after

AFTER

S

ince its founding by local pioneer Jean-Louis Frey in 1987, Esor Tuboseal has established itself as a master in a highly specialised discipline that enables pipes to be cleaned, rehabilitated or repaired almost completely underground without disturbances at surface level.

With proven techniques and delivery, Esor Tuboseal created the cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) market with customers and contractors in the Western Cape and a number of other provinces, before expanding its footprint as far north as Bulawayo. The company has earned a solid track record among

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municipal authorities and major players in the construction industry and remains committed to retaining the credibility of trenchless technology.

Wessel van Zyl, CEO of Esor, regards the development as a strategic diversification into the burgeoning market of infrastructure maintenance and rehabilitation, with a major focus on pipelines.

Essential to the preservation of infrastructure Many parts of South Africa are facing pipe rehabilitation and replacement challenges, with several municipalities and businesses piping water and sewage in lines that are 50 or more years old. Where areas have been built up over time, gaining access to these pipes by digging is often not an option.

“Safety is the first consideration.

Many lines were laid at depths of between 4 m and 15 m, which would entail highly disruptive excavations to create a safe working area with adequate support to protect the crew. In any event, the likelihood of the presence of other utility lines – like power cables – would make this impossible,” says Van Zyl. Moreover, accessing pipelines installed under or alongside major freeways and link roads would cause unacceptable disruptions to traffic flows.

Successfully meeting technical challenges Daniel Bruwer, technical solutions specialist: Research and Development, Esor Tuboseal, describes two recent projects in which trenchless technology was applied.

The first was repairs to a 17 m deep cracked underground pipe at Eskom’s Kusile Power Station. The pipeline was impossible to excavate as it lies beneath permanent structures.

“Having established the exact location of the damaged section, we designed and installed a CIPP liner capable of withstanding groundwater pressure and soil loads at a depth of 17 m thereby reinforcing and sealing the damaged pipe for a full design life of 50 years. The repair took less than eight hours and was carried out without any disruption to services onsite,” says Bruwer.

The second project was the rehabilitation of the BlackMac bulk sewage pipeline, a key conduit between the Cape Town suburbs of Blackheath and Macassar, which had degraded beyond use.

A CCTV inspection was the vital first step in the rehabilitation process. After several viability studies, the city appointed Aurecon Consulting Engineers to manage the trenchless rehabilitation project consisting of the CIPP lining of more than 3 300 m of bulk sewer pipes ranging from 800 mm to 1 200 mm in diameter, crossing underneath the N2 freeway and Baden Powell Drive.

After being awarded the contract, Esor Tuboseal immediately began the careful logistical planning required in an environmentally sensitive and often inaccessible area. The construction programme was expedited to ensure cleaning, final design, material manufacturing, shipping lead times and installation happened concurrently, placing the project firmly on track for completion ahead of programme and the rainy season.

Preserving environmental integrity “The rehabilitated pipeline runs alongside an ecologically sensitive wetland and the use of trenchless technology ensures that the ecological impact of the project is negilable. Already 40% complete, we are on track to complete 3 300 m of pipeline renewal without any significant excavations required,” says Bruwer.

Trenchless News | Profile

Esor Tuboseal also adapted its hot-water curing process to incorporate a highper formance water-cooling system, which enables the recycling of process water and a saving of more than three million litres of drinking water amid critical water shortages in the Western Cape.

On the horizon Research and development is a strategic priority at Esor Tuboseal and 2018 is, quite literally, expected to be a watershed year.

It will be introducing new high-pressure CIPP products using specially developed resins and composite materials compatible for safe use in potable water systems and capable of withstanding pressures of up to 40 bar. Municipalities and other highvolume users of water for domestic consumption can now have ageing pipe systems rehabilitated, ensuring a clean, safe and efficient flow of drinking water to households and individuals.

“Esor Tuboseal’s ability to offer a onestop shop of tailored products and services is what sets it apart in the market place,” says Van Zyl.

The CIPP liner material is impregnated with resin under factory conditions to ensure a consistent and high quality structural liner is produced

Best in the business “With services as varied as CCTV inspection, pipe cracking, pipe cleaning, patch lining, CIPP and robotic cutting, we can provide a range of options and methodologies under each of these categories. Esor Tuboseal also possesses the skills and expertise of arguably the best technical team in the business,” says Van Zyl.

Invaluable to the Esor Tuboseal value chain are several overseas manufacturers of lining materials and associated equipment with which the company has built sound relationships over several years.

A valuable by-product from these collaborations has been the refinement of CIPP technology for the local market, which Van Zyl rates as being the obvious way forward in meeting rugged African conditions.

www.esor.co.za

Trenchless News

Promoting trenchless tech in Southern Africa The Southern African Society of Trenchless Technology (SASTT) has big plans for the year ahead, with planning for No-Dig 2018 already well under way.

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peaking at the society’s recent AGM, SASTT president Claude Marais indicated that the organisation is working on several standards this year and will be organising a number of training events to promote the use of trenchless technologies.

SASTT standards and seminars According to Marais, SASTT has budgeted for several training activities throughout the year.

Being a non-profit organisation, the aim is to spend the budget on educational activities.

To promote the society and the use of trenchless technologies, SASTT plans to hold seminars, make use of newsletters and press publications, hold lectures at universities, and liaise with convention bureaus and affiliate societies such as IMESA and WISA. SASTT also plans to create training modules accredited by SETA. Marais explained that the society aims to work with the whole of the SADC region to get both local governments and the countries outside of South Africa to embrace trenchless technologies.

In line with this strategy, the institute is working on a comparison study of open cut versus pipe bursting, which will weigh up the cost benefit of trenchless technology against job creation.

It is widely believed that trenchless technology removes the labour-intensive aspect of pipe laying. However, studies and interviews conducted

by SASTT suggest that the labour needed for trenchless works out to roughly the same as for open cut, or sometimes more. “This is something we are working on extensively, and which ties in with our mission to convey to government the importance of trenchless technology and its benefits,” he said. There are also several new standards in the pipeline. The SASTT TS-TT3

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SASTT presented the 2016 Joop van Wamelen Award of Excellence at its AGM. This year’s winning project was the Cape Flats 3 Bulk Sewer Upgrade – Phase 2.

Client: City of Cape Town Consultant: AECOM Contractor: CSV Construction There to receive the award were Timothy Hotchkiss and Konrad Röhrs from AECOM and Hannes Coetzee from CSV Construction.

technical standard for horizontal directional drilling was recently completed and has been distributed to all members for comment. Next, SASTT will tackle the CIPP specification, which is expected to be completed this year.

Also in the pipeline are CCTV and assessment standards, which will be split up into modules.

These will be established as the standard for the CCTV assessment of pipelines. An outline of each of these modules will be developed and distributed to members for comment.

No-Dig 2018 South Africa was chosen as the venue for the 2018 No-Dig Conference & Exhibition, beating Helsinki and Bucharest. The 36th conference will be hosted by SASTT in Cape Town on 8 and 9 October 2018 at the Cape Town International Convention Centre (CTICC).

The conference promises a one-stop shop for a wide range of equipment and services, demonstrating trenchless technology and its capabilities. The programme will be both

The 2016 Joop van Wamelen Award of Excellence winners Hannes Coetzee, Konrad Röhrs and Timothy Hotchkiss with SASTT President Claude Marais

educational and practical, combining training modules with case study presentations, and will include a newly updated Trenchless Masterclass presented by speakers from the International Society for Trenchless Technology (ISTT).

Sam Efrat, vice-president, SASTT, recently hosted members of the ISTT to finalise the details of the conference. After selecting the CTICC as the venue, it was decided that the chairman’s dinner will be held at Gold Restaurant and the gala dinner at Cape Town City Hall, with hopes of Patricia de Lille opening the dinner. The Cullinan Hotel will be the location for the board meeting.

SASTT will soon be setting up a committee focused on promoting No-Dig 2018 and members are invited to participate.

The key to quality filtration

R

emoving suspended solids and dissolved matter prior to the reverse osmosis (RO) process is vital. It enables RO to do the work of dissolved solid removal with less biofouling and solids blockage in the spacers.

Ultrafiltration (UF) is the best way to do this, explains Herman Smit, managing director of Quality Filtration Systems (QFS).

QFS specialises in advanced treatment technologies, such as UF and RO, which are essential for wastewater reuse and desalination applications. Key to UF is the trademarked Memcor CP II system, which is a pressurised, pre-engineered membrane system with a modular building-block configuration that simplifies design and operation and reduces installation costs. The enhanced PVDF membrane is 20% to 25% more permeable, which translates into lower transmembrane pressure thereby reducing energy usage and ownership costs.

Case studies QFS has successfully utilised these technologies in a number of applications. One example is a 3 Mâ„“/day wastewater treatment plant that supplies potable drinking water to the Ballito community in KwaZulu-Natal. Here, the water is fed to sand filters and goes through the Memcor UF system before being dosed with SMBS, biocide and antiscalant and undergoing RO treatment for the salt removal.

A more intricate system has been utilised in De Doorns, Western Cape, where QFS produced a 1.5 Mâ„“/day reuse plant for irrigation purposes. The wastewater filters through the inside of a drum screen to the outside by gravity pressure and flows into the UF feed tank.

From here, the water is pumped through the UF, granular-activated carbon filters and UV light into the final water tank.

The QFS systems used ensure that these plants will have the longevity to continue to provide water security for their communities, operating effectively and with minimal maintenance.

WATER & WATER STORAGE

Securing Kariba Dam Work is underway to reshape the plunge pool at Kariba Dam as part of the Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project.

Danielle Petterson explores what the project will entail.

H

aving been in operation for more than 50 years, the Kariba Dam is in urgent need of rehabilitation to ensure its continued safe operation. Further degradation of dam safety features could potentially lead to catastrophic dam failure that would result in the deaths of roughly three million people, significant downstream environmental damage and the loss of a main power source for the SADC region.

A 10-year programme of civil works has been prepared, taking into account the need for little to no interruption to power generation.

The US$296 million Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project will ensure that the dam can operate at its full capacity in line with international standards and that the installed power generation capacity of 1 830 MW will be retained.

The first component of the Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project is the plunge pool reshaping, funded by the European Union, the World Bank, the African Development Bank and the Government of Sweden, together with the Zambezi River Authority, which operates, maintains and manages the Kariba Dam on behalf of the governments of Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Munyaradzi Munodawafa, chief executive of the Zambezi River Authority, explains that the plunge pool reshaping will contribute to the improved performance and longevity of the dam. “Enlarging the plunge pool will reduce the impact of water jetting resulting from spilling and, therefore, slow the retrogressive erosion of the dam foundation.�

The reshaping, which will take approximately three years to complete, has been planned to have the least possible impact on the operation and management of the Kariba Dam and the energy supply to both Zambia and Zimbabwe.

The contract, awarded to French company Razel-BEC, includes the construction of a cofferdam, the consequent reshaping of the dam's plunge pool in the dry-through excavation operations using the drill and blast method, the removal of spoil to designated dumpsites, the installation of required monitoring instrumentation, construction of a concrete fault protection slab and related works, construction of a new permanent access road behind the north bank powerhouse outlets and associated studies, designs and monitoring activities.

A spillway refurbishment project will follow to improve operations and prevent potential failure of the spillway control facility.

Plunge pool reshaping Water is released from the reservoir through six sluice gates. In the dam’s first 20 years of operation, there were sustained heavy spillage episodes resulting in erosion of the bedrock to 80 m below the normal water level, resulting in what is now known as the plunge pool. Owing to of this, the plunge pool has become unstable, in turn making the dam wall unstable and unsafe.

The primary aim of reshaping the plunge pool profile is to improve its stability, limiting erosion towards the foundations of the dam along zones of weak rock.

Following a multibeam bathymetric survey of the pool, geotechnical investigations and hydraulic modelling, the solution arrived at is to enlarge the plunge pool, mainly downstream but also on both banks. This will facilitate the evacuation of spillage flows downstream, and avoid the concentration of turbulence in a confined area. The following steps will be taken:

WATER & WATER STORAGE

About Kariba Dam The Kariba Dam is a double curvature concrete arch dam located in the Kariba Gorge of the Zambezi River Basin between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Constructed between 1956 and 1959, the dam has been central to regional energy security and economic development, supplying water to two underground hydropower plants in Zambia and Zimbabwe.

1. Construction of a cofferdam just downstream of the plunge pool, which will block off the plunge pool from the downstream river 2. P umping/dewatering of the plunge pool 3. Excavation of the plunge pool 4. Depositing of excavated rock material in the existing quarry on the north bank 5. Reshaping of the excavated plunge pool into terraced steps.

Reshaping the plunge pool into terraced steps will reduce dynamic pressures in the pool and reduce flow recirculation towards the dam toe. Excavation and pumping will happen simultaneously to ensure continuous excavation, with an estimated 295 000 m³ of rock expected to be removed in this process.

gate, which will be operated by a new gantry and will slide into the rehabilitated upstream grooves. A gantry, located on the dam crest, will be able to lift or lower the gate as a whole. The gate will close against full water flow if one of the downstream floodgates is jammed in a semi-opened position.

The refurbishment will involve rebuilding the grooves, sills, lintels, surrounding concrete and partly the top of piers. A specially designed temporary cofferdam will be constructed to allow the refurbishment works within the sluices to be done in dry conditions.

These works will take place after the plunge pool reshaping in order to avoid further deepening the existing plunge pool.

Spillway rehabilitation

Successful cooperation

In addition to the erosion of the plunge pool, the six sluice gates that make up the spillway have become distorted due to an advanced alkali-silica reaction in the concrete. Without functional sluices, the reservoir level cannot effectively be maintained.

The upstream grooves are also in poor condition and need refurbishing. The plan is to equip the spillway with an emergency

The Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project brings together multiple international funding bodies and governments. Felix Mutati, Zambian Minister of Finance, acknowledged the support of all of the cooperating partners on the project, adding that the successful operation of the Kariba Dam was a fine example of bilateral cooperation between the two sovereign states of Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Project duration 10 years Total cost $296 million Contractor Razel-BEC Funders European Union, World Bank, African Development Bank, Government of Sweden, Zambezi River Authority

IMIESA April 2017

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Getting your concrete right The role that the various mix constituents play in producing quality concrete for housing is often not fully understood, cautions Bryan Perrie, managing director of The Concrete Institute.

U

sing the correct mix proportions and ensuring good site practices af fects the strength, durability and economy of finished concrete.

There are a number of common errors that tend to occur when producing concrete for housing. One of them is the incorrect ratio between water and cement – a ratio that determines the strength of the concrete. When site batching for small quantities of concrete, contractors tend to use a builder’s wheelbarrow as a unit of measurement. However, this practice often produces inconsistent concrete mix proportions.

“The contractor should ensure that the wheelbarrow is always levelled off at the top when measuring materials for mixing, to ensure that the correct, consistent mix proportion is achieved throughout. Note: two bags of 50 kg cement are equivalent to one builder’s wheelbarrow,” Perrie states.

The addition of extra water to improve the workability of the concrete or re-tempering the concrete to keep it workable is also a problem.

“This also significantly reduces the strength of the concrete,” Perrie cautions.

Furthermore, concrete is often not protected or cured using the proper technique or is not cured long enough. “Newly cast concrete must be protected and cured to ensure that hydration continues until the full potential strength of the hardened concrete is achieved and to minimise the tendency of cracking. The concrete should be kept damp and not allowed to freeze during this time. The concrete should be cured for at least five days after placing it, and longer in cold weather,” he advises.

Cracks in plaster and floors are a very common problem on most sites – a problem that can be avoided or reduced through the correct use of materials, mix proportions, compaction, protection and curing. The correct type of joints should be installed to allow for movement of the structure at appropriate intervals. “Care

should also be taken to allow for movement joints between different material types, such as clay bricks and concrete blocks,” Perrie adds.

There is often confusion between client, specifier and contractor when it comes to finishing a concrete floor, specifically relating to the application of a cement screed to the finished concrete floor. In general, a sandcement screed should not be applied as the final wearing surface.

Taking all of this into account, the quality of the cement is still one of the most crucial aspects. According to Perrie, building contractors should note that all producers and importers of cement must have a letter of authority (LoA) from the National Regulator for Compulsory Standards (NRCS) for each different cement type sold in South Africa.

The NRCS issues a LoA only if the cement standard complies with SANS 50197-1 or SANS 50413-1.

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Cement & Concrete

Community casting creates jobs Rocla has developed a revolutionary community-based manufacturing system, designed to enable communities and SMMEs to fabricate their own precast concrete toilet installations locally. This is real transformation in action.

By Alastair Currie

A

ccording to Statistics SA’s 2016 community survey, the country has an estimated 16.9 million households and is home to a formal and informal population of around 56 million, of which an estimated 26.5% are unemployed. Remote rural communities tend to be the hardest hit, forcing them to migrate to urban centres in search of work.

However, a more viable alternative would be to stimulate rural economies, especially when it comes to the construction of much-needed infrastructure. One way would be to bring product fabrication closer to the end market, creating local employment.

Within the precast sanitation industry, there have been a number of responses over the years, the most common being to erect a traditional precast production facility within the province or district where a high need occurs (often based on a tender requirement). This creates some employment within the region, but has no real transformation effect in terms of the actual communities that require sanitation infrastructure. Employment and skills transfer are limited to those living in the direct vicinity of the production facility.

For affected communities, the ultimate objective is to be part of the skills transfer and job creation opportunities the manufacturing process offers and, equally as importantly, to share in the business and financial fruits it bears. Until now, there was simply nothing that could offer such an inclusive real transformation package.

Rocla, South Africa’s leading precast concrete products manufacturer, is a pioneer in this area with the development of its proprietary Community Cast toilet structure, which is designed to be both manufactured and constructed on location by the very community that will benefit from it, no matter how remote or rural they may be.

“Essentially, it’s been designed and developed as a ‘do it yourself by the community’ solution, which makes it especially well-suited for rural areas, although it applies equally well for informal urban townships,” explains Andre Labuschagne, product development manager at Rocla. “The key benefit is that the system lends itself to skills transfer and presents an ideal opportunity for SMME start-ups to become Community Cast manufacturers in their own right. We call them Local Community

Cast Manufacturers – or LCCMs – and that was our objective from the start in rolling out Community Cast.”

Simple manufacturing techniques Since these communities are mostly impoverished and have limited capital to invest, Rocla’s design engineers focused on developing simple manufacturing methods that would still ensure aquality end products. (Rocla is ISO accredited for in-house design-quality compliance and the process of Agrément certification of this specific system has already commenced.)

To ensure suitability to rural conditions, the manufacturing process was designed specifically to not require electricity or access to tap water. A further key design aspect was to ensure that only simple tools are required to become a manufacturer. This ensures that there is no investment threshold to exclude local SMMEs from becoming manufacturers in their own right. Typical tools required to commence production include a bucket, a wheelbarrow, a shovel and a straight edge. As there is no need for investment to commence production, the system is well suited to both

IMIESA April 2017

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Cement & Concrete

“Community Cast sanitation is a practical employment-generating response to South Africa and Africa’s sanitation challenges.”

small and large projects. It can be spread across an entire region, allowing every ward to benefit.

Rocla’s design incorporates Envirosan’s revolutionary EaziFlush leach pit system. In turn, Envirosan and Rocla co-designed the M6 block pit cover, which is also a Community Cast element.

Pancake casting and sandwich concrete In the research and development phase, which commenced in 2012, Rocla experimented

70

IMIESA April 2017

with and perfected a concept that is now known as ‘pancake casting’. During this unique process, panels are successively cast one on top of the other using frameless single-use moulds manufactured and supplied by Rocla. The end product then requires stiffening on the edges by forming an angle or adding a stiffening rib.

Rocla’s patented textile sandwich concrete is utilised to form the planar panels.

This concrete formulation creates a lightweight structure that is hard-wearing in terms of strength and finish. The system is ready for use after two weeks of in-mould curing.

The stiffening columns, which also serve as vent columns or service conduits, where required, are tied together using Rocla’s G Lock system. This system utilises proprietary ‘shoulder head screws’ that fit into specially made receiving sliders. Vertical jointing is achieved using Rocla H-strips, which allows for the attachment of various bathroomrelated items. The final toilet structure can accommodate a zinculum or polyethylene door in conjunction with Rocla’s proprietary heavy-duty dual-latch lock.

Community training focus and quality “Where we’ve trialed the system within townships across South Africa, the response has been very positive, from both a sanitation and job creation perspective. Our goal is to partner with municipalities and communities and, in the process, provide the necessary training accreditation for end users. We call this Rocla’s Thuthukisa (‘to share’) initiative,” adds Labuschagne.

“Rocla has a reputation for exceptional quality and we expect the same result from SMMEs constructing the Community Cast system. Before we’ll approve a supply agreement, prospective contractors and local Community Cast manufacturers need to successfully transfer our theoretical training into practice by personally manufacturing and building one of our toilet structures. That’s real skills transfer and empowerment. Plus, practical certification ensures that communities really benefit in terms of best-in-class sanitation.”

EaziFlush is Agrément approved and Water Research Commission endorsed, and is compatible with standard sewer connections, solids-free sewers, septic tanks, bio-digesters and conservancy tanks. The system uses 2 ℓ of grey water to flush, representing a potable water saving in excess of 200 ℓ per household per day. Another major benefit is that EaziFlush can be upgraded from pour flush to low flush with the addition of a cistern. Once sewage and water connections are available, it can be connected at a minimal cost.

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATES AECOM siphokuhle.dlamini@aecom.com Afri-Infra Group (Pty) Ltd banie@afri-infra.com AJ Broom Road Products ajbroom@icon.co.za Arup SA rob.lamb@arup.com Aurecon Fani.Xaba@aurecongroup.com Aveng Manufacturing Infraset cgroenewald@infraset.com Averda claude.marais@averda.com Bigen Africa Group Holdings otto.scharfetter@bigenafrica.com BMK Group brian@bmkgroup.co.za Bosch Munitech info@boschmunitech.co.za Bosch Projects (Pty) Ltd mail@boschprojects.co.za Brubin Pumps sales@brubin.co.za BVI Consulting Engineers marketing@bviho.co.za Civilconsult Consulting Engineers mail@civilconsult.co.za Corrosion Institute of Southern Africa secretary@corrosioninstitute.org.za Development Bank of SA divb@dbsa.org.za DPI Plastics mgoodchild@dpiplastics.co.za EFG Engineers eric@efgeng.co.za Elster Kent Metering Leonardus.Basson@honeywell.com Engcor Engineers masham@engcorengineers.co.za Fibertex South Africa (Pty) Ltd rcl@fibertex.com GIBB yvanrooyen@gibb.co.za GLS Consulting nicky@gls.co.za Gudunkomo Investments & Consulting info@gudunkomo.co.za Hatch Africa (Pty) Ltd info@hatch.co.za Henwood & Nxumalo Consulting Engineers cc pmboffice@hn.co.za Herrenknecht schiewe.helene@herrenknecht.de Huber Technology cs@hubersa.com Hydro-comp Enterprises dan@edams.co.za I@Consulting louis_icon@mics.co.za INGEROP mravjee@ingerop.co.za Integrity Environment info@integrityafrica.co.za Ix engineers (Pty) Ltd hans.k@ixengineers.co.za JG Afrika DennyC@jgafrika.com Johannesburg Water rtaljaard@jwater.co.za KABE Consulting Engineers info@kabe.co.za Kago Consulting Engineers kagocon@kago.co.za Kantey & Templer (K&T) Consulting Engineers info@kanteys.co.za Kitso Botlhale Consulting Engineers zimema.jere@gmail.com Knowledge Base info@knowbase.co.za Lektratek Water general@lwt.co.za Lithon Project Consultants (Pty) Ltd info@lithon.com Makhaotse Narasimulu & Associates mmakhaotse@mna-sa.co.za Malani Padayachee & Associates (Pty) Ltd admin@mpa.co.za M & C Consulting Engineers (Pty) Ltd info@mcconsulting.co.za

Maragela Consulting Engineers admin@maragelaconsulting.co.za Marley Pipe Systems info@marleypipesystems.co.za Martin & East gbyron@martin-east.co.za Masithu Consulting & Project Management info@mcpm.co.za Mhiduve adminpotch@mhiduve.co.za Moedi Wa Batho Consulting Engineers (Pty) Ltd info@wabatho.co.za Mott Macdonald Africa (Pty) Ltd mahomed.soobader@mottmac.com Much Asphalt leon.alberts@muchasphalt.com NAKO ILISO hans.hartung@nakogroup.com Nyeleti Consulting ppienaar@nyeleti.co.za Odour Engineering Systems mathewc@oes.co.za PMA Consulting pragasen@pmaconsultingsa.co.za Pumptron info@pumptron.co.za Pragma nicojobe.mabaso@pragmaworld.net francisg@rhdv.com Royal HaskoningDHV SABITA info@sabita.co.za SALGA info@salga.org.za SARF administrator@sarf.org.za.co.za SBS Water Systems desere@sbstanks.co.za Sembcorp Siza Water info-sizawater@sembcorp.com Servotech (Pty) Ltd finance@servotech.co.za SiVEST SA garths@sivest.co.za Sizabantu Piping Systems (Pty) Ltd gregl@sizabantupipingsystems.com SKYV Consulting Engineers (Pty) Ltd kamesh@skyv.co.za SMEC capetown@smec.com SNA stolz.j@sna.co.za Sobek Engineering gen@sobek.co.za Southern African Society for Trenchless Technology director@sasst.org.za SRK Consulting jomar@srk.co.za Syntell julia@syntell.co.za TPA Consulting roger@tpa.co.za Ulozolo Engineers CC admin@ulozo.co.za UWP Consulting craign@uwp.co.za Vetasi south-africa@vetasi.com VIP Consulting Engineers esme@vipconsulting.co.za VUKA Africa Consulting Engineers info@vukaafrica.co.za Water Institute of Southern Africa wisa@wisa.org.za Water Solutions Southern Africa ecoetzer@wssa.co.za Wilo South Africa marketingsa@wilo.co.za WRP ronniem@wrp.co.za WRNA washy@wrnyabeze.com WSP Group Africa sam.herman@wspgroup.co.za

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IMESA

iNDEX TO ADVERTISERS

AECOM

20

Group Five

36

Quality Filtration Systems

63

Afrimat Shared Services

28

Hatch Goba

30

Sasol

10

Amanzi Meters

59

Herrenknecht AG

52

A-OSH

44

IMESA Affiliates

71

Atlas Copco

48

IMESA Registration

37

Aveng DFC

22

IMESA Sponsor & Exhibition

68

iX Engineers

29

The Concrete Institue

67

Tosas

38

Totally Concrete

72

Trenchless Technologies

55

TT Innovations

57

UD Trucks

45

Wirtgen

43

OFC

Barloworld Equipment Bell Equipment

40

Johannesburg Water

20

Bigen Africa

26

JPCE

58

Corobrik

16

Knight Piésold

24

Doosan International

46

Komatsu

Engineering Council of SA

14

Much Asphalt

OBC

Erwat

61

Esor Construction

72

IBC

National Asphalt National Cold Asphalt

34 IFC 32

2

SBS Water Systems

66

SMEC South Africa

4

Structa Group

IMIESA April 2017

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