Trends in European Groundfish Markets - Globefish Research Programme - Volume 81 by GLOBEFISH

GLOBEFISH RESEARCH PROGRAMME Trends in European Groundfish Markets Volume 81

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fishery Industries Division Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy Tel.: +39 06 5705 5074 Fax: +39 06 5705 5188 www.globefish.org

Trends in European Groundfish Markets

Volume 81

Trends in European Groundfish Markets by

Kristin Lien GLOBEFISH

(September 2005)

The GLOBEFISH Research Programme is an activity initiated by FAO's Fishery Industries Division, Rome, Italy and financed jointly by: -

NMFS, (National Marine Fisheries Service), Washington, DC, USA FROM, (Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación), Madrid, Spain Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Copenhagen, Denmark European Commission, Directorate General for Fisheries, Brussels, Belgium NSEC, (Norwegian Seafood Export Council), Tromsoe, Norway OFIMER, (Office National Interprofessionnel des Produits de la Mer et de l’Aquaculture), Paris, France SHILAT, (Iranian Fisheries Organization),Tehran, Iran VASEP, (Viet Nam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers), Hanoi,Viet Nam ASMI, (Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute), Juneau, USA

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, GLOBEFISH, Fishery Industries Division Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy – Tel.: (39) 06570 56244/06570 54759 – E-mail: GLOBEFISH@fao.org - Fax: (39) 0657055188 Web:www.globefish.org

The designation employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Photograph courtesy of Norwegian Seafood Export Council, NSEC

Trends in European Groundfish Market FAO GLOBEFISH Research Programme, Vol.81 . Rome, FAO. 2005. p153 This study describes supply and demand for fresh and frozen groundfish products in Europe. It mainly focuses on the 15 countries that were members of the European Union before 2004 (EU15). Seven species have been chosen for the study, namely cod, pollock/Alaska pollock, saithe, haddock, redfish, hake and hoki, and the term “seven groundfish” is used to cover these species. The study describes each species and the groundfish in each EU15 country, and looks at market developments and consumption trends over the last decade. The aim is to give the reader an understanding of groundfish market dynamics and a feel for potential business within the EU15 market. The main countries supplying groundfish to the EU15 market are also discussed in this report

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Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Summary................................................................................................................................................................ 5 1. Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 2. EU15 Demand and Catches............................................................................................................................ 21 2.1. Cod ............................................................................................................................................................ 21 2.2. Alaska Pollock/Pollock.............................................................................................................................. 30 2.2.1. EU15 Import of Surimi...................................................................................................................... 36 2.3. Hake .......................................................................................................................................................... 40 2.4. Hoki........................................................................................................................................................... 47 2.5. Haddock .................................................................................................................................................... 50 2.6. Saithe......................................................................................................................................................... 55 2.7. Redfish....................................................................................................................................................... 59 2.8. Price Comparisons.................................................................................................................................... 63 3. Trends in the EU15 Countries Trade ............................................................................................................ 65 3.1. United Kingdom – the Main Cod and Haddock Importer ......................................................................... 66 3.2. Spain - the Largest Hake Importer............................................................................................................ 70 3.3. Germany – Biggest Alaska Pollock Market............................................................................................... 72 3.4. France – a Market for many Species......................................................................................................... 77 3.5. Denmark – a Processor of Groundfish...................................................................................................... 80 3.6. The Netherlands – a Trader in Groundfish ............................................................................................... 84 3.7. Portugal – Whole Frozen Orientation....................................................................................................... 85 3.8. Italy – Strong Hake Focus......................................................................................................................... 88 3.9. Belgium /Luxemburg – Fresh Fillets Focus .............................................................................................. 90 3.10. Sweden – Low Import for Consumption .................................................................................................. 91 3.11. Ireland – a Small but Increasing Groundfish Importer........................................................................... 91 3.12. Greece – Decreasing Groundfish Imports............................................................................................... 92 3.13. Austria – Imports only Fillets.................................................................................................................. 93 3.14. Finland – Mainly Frozen Saithe Fillets................................................................................................... 93 4. Most Important Suppliers to EU15 ............................................................................................................... 95 4.1. Iceland – Largest Exporter to EU15 in 2004 ............................................................................................ 95 4.2. Norway – Worlds Largest Seafood Exporter........................................................................................... 106 4.3. Faroe Islands – the Saithe Country......................................................................................................... 114 4.4. China – Growing Fast............................................................................................................................. 120 4.5. USA - the New Alaska Pollock Supplier................................................................................................. 125 4.6. Russia – Less Important for EU15 .......................................................................................................... 131 4.7. Namibia – the Largest Hake Supplier ..................................................................................................... 134 4.8. South Africa – an Important Hake Supplier ............................................................................................ 135

4.9. Argentina – Frozen Hake Supplier.......................................................................................................... 136 4.10. Chile – Fresh/Chilled Hake Supplier .................................................................................................... 138 4.11. Uruguay – Mostly Frozen Hake Fillets ................................................................................................. 141 4.12. New Zealand – Largest Hoki Supplier .................................................................................................. 143 4.13. Poland – a Frozen Cod Fillet Supplier ................................................................................................. 144 5. Sources ........................................................................................................................................................... 147 Appendix 1) FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... 148 Appendix 2) TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... 151

Explanatory Note It should be noted that the Eurostat (EU) statistics quoted prior to 1995, contain data from only 12 countries. Austria, Sweden and Finland became EU members in that year and are included from 1995 onwards. The EU 15 countries are: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and UK. All values in the report are nominal and all “prices” are “unit values”.

Acknowledgement The report has been edited by Nicki Holmyard, fisheries consultant and journalist, UK (nicki.holmyard@virgin.net)

Executive Summary EU15 catches of the seven groundfish species declined from 614 000 tonnes in 1994 to 367 000 tonnes in 2003. Cod catches experienced the most significant decline during that period, reducing 52 percent from 236 000 tonnes to 114 000 tonnes. Haddock catches also reduced substantially, falling from 100 000 tonnes plus in 1998 to 63 000 tonnes in 2003. The result is an increase in demand for imports of these species, but fulfilment of this is limited by total available catch, consumption in the catching nations, and demand from other importing countries. EU15 imports of the seven groundfish species over the last few years amount to more than 900 000 tonnes per year, with a value of between 2 and 2.5 billion euros. The volume in 2004 was 952 000 tonnes, worth 2.3 billion euros. Cod, hake and Alaska pollock are the main species imported, both in volume and in value, but substantial quantities of saithe, haddock, redfish and hoki are also imported. The volume of whole fish, both frozen and fresh/chilled was fairly stable from 2000 to 2004, with a small increase seen in frozen whole fish of 28 000 tonnes, and a small decrease in fresh whole fish of 6 000 tonnes. The largest increase was experienced in the frozen fillets category, where imports rose from 311 000 tonnes in 1991 to 528 000 tonnes in 2004. Fresh fillets also saw a large increase in import volume, rising from 0.5 tonnes to 20 000 tonnes during this period. While overall cod catches have been decreasing year on year, the EU15 catch has decreased at a faster rate than the global catch, which has resulted in an increased demand for imports of fresh/frozen cod products. In 1996, some 240 000 tonnes of cod was imported, compared with 259 000 tonnes in 2004. In the same period large price increases were seen, although this tendency has slackened off in the past couple of years. Between 2003 and 2004 the overall EU15 import of cod decreased by 7 000 tonnes and there were fewer whole frozen, whole fresh/chilled fish and meat/mince imported, and more fresh and frozen fillets. The price of whole fish increased during that period, while the price of fillets decreased. EU15 countries importing the highest volume of fresh/frozen cod from third countries are UK, Denmark, Portugal, Netherlands and Germany. The UK imports mostly for consumption, Denmark for processing and export/re-export, Portugal for processing/consumption as salted, and Netherlands and Germany for both consumption and re-export. Norway, Russia and the Faeroe Isles have become less important as volume exporters over the past few years, while Iceland, China and the USA increased in importance. The EU15 import of Alaska pollock (surimi excluded) consists almost entirely of frozen fillets and frozen meat/mince. 1 000 to 4 000 tonnes of frozen whole pollock/Alaska pollock are imported annually, supplemented since 2000, by 1 000 to 2 000 tonnes of fresh/chilled whole pollock/Alaska pollock. The import of frozen fillets/mince/meat increased from 64 000 tonnes in 1991 to 216 000 tonnes in 2004. Alaska pollock is traditionally imported from Russia, and since the early 1990s, also from Poland. China began to increase its export in 1991 and the USA became a large exporter in 2001. In 2004 the USA was the largest exporter to the EU15 with a volume of 98 000 tonnes, followed by China at 88 000 tonnes and Russia at 29 000 tonnes.

Germany imports more than half of its volume of Alaska pollock from third countries, and increased its import from 104 000 tonnes in 1996 to 140 000 tonnes in 2004. France increased its import from 23 000 tonnes in 1996 to 32 000 tonnes in 2004, while the Dutch import increased from 3 000 tonnes in 1996 to 17 000 tonnes in 2004. The UK import decreased during this time from 32 000 tonnes in 1996 to 14 000 tonnes in 2004. It should be noted that these figures reflect both the net import and consumption of Alaska pollock. EU15 imports of surimi products almost quadrupled from 23 000 tonnes in 1994 to 80 000 tonnes in 2003, but there was a 4 percent decrease in 2004 to 77 000 tonnes. Approximately two thirds of the import in the last few years has been preparations of surimi, while the remaining third is frozen surimi. Spain was the largest net importer of surimi in the EU15 between 1995 and 2003, during which time France became the fastest growing market. France took over as the largest net importer in 2004 with 26 000 tonnes, while Spain imported 21 000 tonnes. France mostly imports frozen surimi, while Spain imports surimi preparations. In the same year, 2004, the UK increased its surimi import to10 000 tonnes and Italy to 9 000 tonnes. The largest exporters of prepared surimi to the EU15 in 2004 were Thailand and China, and South Korea also has a large market share. In 2002 and 2003 Lithuania was one of the top three exporters, but dropped to fourth position in 2004. Malaysia has long been a significant exporter of surimi to EU15 countries, while India and Peru have developed an export market in the past few years. The largest exporting countries to the EU15 of frozen surimi in 2004 were USA at 16 600 tonnes, Chile at 6 300 tonnes and Faeroe Isles at 1 900 tonnes. The USA has always been the largest exporter of frozen surimi to the EU15, but Chile has been eating into this share since 2002 while developing its export market. EU15 countries import most of their hake from Namibia, Argentina and South Africa, but Chile and Uruguay are also important market contributors. Peru was a significant exporter for a decade until 2003, when catches decreased. EU15 imports of hake totalled 222 000 tonnes in 1991 and increased to 257 000 tonnes in 1994. Since then the hake import has been between 240 000 tonnes and 270 000 tonnes annually. The import of frozen fillets of hake increased slowly from 102 000 tonnes in 1991 to 116 000 tonnes in 2004, while the import of frozen meat/mince increased from 9 000 tonnes in 1991 to 23 000 tonnes in 2004, and the import of frozen whole fish decreased from 104 000 tonnes in 1991 to 66 000 tonnes in 2004. The frozen whole fish import was replaced by an increasing import of fresh/chilled whole fish, which rose from 7 000 tonnes in 1991 to 55 000 tonnes in 2000. In 2004 the import of fresh/chilled whole hake was 52 000 tonnes. The main importer/net-importer and consumer of hake in the EU15 is Spain, which increased its volume import from third countries from 148 000 tonnes in 1996 to 165 000 tonnes in 2004. In the same period Italy increased its import from third countries from 22 000 tonnes to 31 000 tonnes, Germany from 17 000 tonnes to 25 000 tonnes, and France from 11 000 tonnes to 19 000 tonnes. Spain exports/re-exports a relatively large share of the yearly import/catch of hake, mainly to Portugal, but also to other EU15 countries. However, Spain remains the largest net importer of hake and increased its net import from 113 000 tonnes in 1996 to 120 000 tonnes in 2004. Portugal and Italy are the next largest net importers; Portugal with a net import of between 33 000 tonnes and 37 000 tonnes during this period, mostly of frozen whole fish, and Italy with a net import of between 33 000 tonnes and 39 000 tonnes. This latter tonnage was 6

initially made up of frozen whole fish, but was gradually replaced by imports of frozen fillets. Germany and France have a yearly net import of between 16 000 tonnes and 24 000 tonnes, mostly of frozen fillets. EU15 imports of hoki (blue grenadier) increased from less than 4 000 tonnes in 1995, to 25 000 tonnes in 1999, ranged between 15 000 tonnes and 20 000 tonnes until 2003, and decreased to12 000 tonnes in 2004. The majority of hoki comes from New Zealand, but there was a small import from Australia of 280 tonnes in 2004. The two main countries importing hoki are France and Germany. EU15 countries import fresh and frozen whole haddock and frozen fillets and the highest volume demand has been in frozen fillets over the past few years. The total import has varied from 40 000 tonnes to 80 000 tonnes per year over the last decade. Haddock are mostly imported from Norway, Iceland and the Faeroe Isles, but Russia has also become more important in the last 5 years and China exported 4 000 tonnes in 2004. The nominal price of haddock products was at its lowest in 1997 and highest between 2000 and 2002, but the price for fillets especially, has since declined considerably. The UK has the highest haddock catch in the EU15 but is also the largest importer, buying in between 30 000 tonnes and 60 000 tonnes a year since 1996. Denmark imports more than 10 000 tonnes of haddock each year, most of which is processed and exported to the UK and other EU15 countries. EU15 countries import large amounts of fresh/frozen saithe products, mostly from Norway, but also from the Faeroe Islands and Iceland. The import from Norway has decreased in the past few years, while the import from the other two countries has increased. The volume imported from Norway in 2004 was 28 000 tonnes, from the Faeroe Islands 24 000 tonnes and from Iceland 20 000 tonnes. The total volume imported reached 98 000 tonnes in 1992 and 1993, but decreased to 63 000 tonnes in 1996. It has since slowly increased, reaching 74 000 tonnes in 2004. A little over half of the total volume was imported as frozen fillets/frozen fillet blocks, with most of the rest made up of chilled whole fish, with some chilled fillets and frozen meat/mince imported. France and Germany are the largest net importers of saithe in the EU15, and are also the largest consumers. The total EU15 import of redfish decreased from around 60 000 tonnes per year in the early nineties to a little over 50 000 tonnes a year from 1999 onwards. The largest volume was imported as whole chilled fish, but frozen whole fish and frozen fillets also increased their market share in the past few years. In 2004 there were 22 000 tonnes of frozen fillets, 19 000 tonnes of chilled whole fish and 10 000 tonnes of whole frozen fish. Most of the EU15 import of redfish comes from Iceland, and in 2004, 28 of the 53 000 tonnes came from this country. Norwayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s share has shrunk considerably the last few years and only 5 000 tonnes now comes annually from Norway, while Chinese exports of redfish have almost doubled, reaching 11 000 tonnes in 2004. Around 2 000 tonnes also comes from the Faeroe Islands each year. Germany is the largest importer and net importer of redfish, with roughly 25 000 tonnes net import per year, while France takes second place with a yearly net import of 7 000 tonnes to 8 000 tonnes. Denmark, Netherlands and UK import more redfish than France from third countries, but they export/re-export most of this fish. The price (unit value) of all the seven groundfish species seems more or less to have followed the same pattern. Cod fillets mostly achieved the best fillet price during the period under examination, (1996 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2004) but in certain years, haddock fillets achieved better prices than cod fillets. Certainly haddock fillets showed the largest variation in prices. Alaska pollock fillets made the lowest price during the whole period, while the price for redfish fillets came 7

in between that for Alaska pollock and cod. The price for hake increased faster than that for Alaska pollock, but the hake, hoki and saithe fillets achieved far lower prices than fillets of cod, haddock and redfish. The UK is the largest consumer and importer of fresh/frozen cod and haddock in Europe. It annually imports more than 110 000 tonnes of cod, mostly as frozen fillets and 50 000 tonnes of haddock as whole chilled fish and frozen fillets. Imports into the UK of Alaska pollock have decreased over the past few years to just 19 000 tonnes in 2004, and there are also minor imports of saithe, hake and redfish. UK groundfish imports comprise mostly frozen fillets, but there has been an increasing import of fresh/chilled whole fish in the past few years. The UK has the largest catches of the seven groundfish species in the EU15, with more than 80 000 tonnes recorded in 2004. The catch consists mostly of haddock and cod, with some saithe. The country has a relatively low export/re-export rate of the seven groundfish species, considering its large import and catches, but nevertheless this increased from around 20 000 tonnes a year in the late nineties to 45 000 tonnes in 2004. As the next largest groundfish importer and net importer in the EU15, Spain has increased its trend towards the import of fresh/frozen products of the seven groundfish species. The Spanish import of groundfish has been dominated by hake for the past decade, with volumes rising from 162 000 tonnes in 1996 to 180 000 tonnes in 2004, at a value of 456 million euros. Cod is also important to Spanish consumers, and the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s import has increased over the last few years to 30 000 tonnes in 2004, with a value of 105 million euros. More than 70 percent of the total import volume of the seven species is frozen whole or frozen fillets/meat/mince, and this percentage has increased since 2000. The remaining volume is imported as whole fresh/chilled fish. Spainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s export/re-export of the seven groundfish species amounts to between 50 000 tonnes and 80 000 tonnes per year, mostly as frozen whole fish, with some frozen fillets. Germany consumes the most Alaska pollock in Europe, with a yearly import of over 100 000 tonnes of frozen fillets. France is the second largest consumer and imports around 50 000 tonnes. In 2004, Germany was the third largest net importer of the seven groundfish species, after the UK and Spain. German imports were valued at 341 million euros, equating to a volume of more than 250 000 tonnes, mostly of frozen fillets and mostly of Alaska pollock. However, the country also imported some 30 000 tonnes of redfish and more than 20 000 tonnes of hake, cod and saithe, making it the largest volume importer of the seven groundfish species in the EU15. Prior to 2003/2004, Germany was also the second largest net importer of the seven groundfish species in the EU15 in terms of value, behind the UK. Spain imported a higher value of fish in 2003 and both Spain and France imported higher values of fish in 2004. Germany has a relatively small export/re-export rate of the seven groundfish species, totalling 60 000 tonnes to 70 000 tonnes of cod and Alaska pollock per year, making its recent net annual import between 190 000 tonnes and 200 000 tonnes. France together with Germany is the largest net importer of saithe in the EU15. Since French catches have been considerably higher than German, France is the largest consumer of saithe in the EU15. France has imported between 150 000 tonnes and 160 000 tonnes of groundfish each year, increasing to 165 000 tonnes in 2004. This mostly comprises frozen fillets of Alaska pollock, cod, hake and saithe and chilled whole cod and saithe. France also imports small quantities of cod, saithe and redfish, amounting to some 2 000 tonnes to 5 000 tonnes annually.

Denmark is a large importer, producer and exporter of the seven-groundfish species, especially of fresh whole and frozen whole cod, and fresh whole saithe and haddock. It also imports some redfish for re-export. The Danish export is almost as large as its import in terms of volume, while the export value is considerably larger than the import value. It is interesting to note that the import volume has decreased over the last tree years, but the export volume has remained stable. The Netherlandsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; import of the seven groundfish species increased from a little less than 50 000 tonnes a year before 2003, to 87 000 tonnes in 2004. The import consists mostly of frozen fillets of cod, Alaska pollock, saithe, hake and redfish, together with fresh and frozen whole cod. Imports of Alaska pollock have increased in the past few years, while imports of the other fish remain constant or in decline, except for cod, imports of which increased in 2004. The Netherlandsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; export/re-export of groundfish is considerable and the export of fresh fillets is larger than or similar to the import, which means that a certain amount of processing of fresh fillets for export takes place within the Netherlands. Portugal imports large quantities of groundfish of different qualities and species, both as chilled/frozen and as salted or dried/salted. A large proportion of the imported chilled/frozen groundfish is generally salted in Portugal before being consumed. The Portuguese import of chilled/frozen fish is mainly of frozen whole cod and hake, amounting to between 60 000 tonnes and 75 000 tonnes annually. Italyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s import of fresh and frozen groundfish decreased from 57 000 tonnes in 1996 to 50 000 tonnes in 2004. In addition, the catch decreased from 36 000 tonnes in 1994 to 11 000 tonnes in 2003. The catch consists only of hake, which is also the major species imported, but there has also been a cod import, which decreased from 13 000 tonnes in 1996 to 9 000 tonnes in 2004. The hake import consists of an increasing share of frozen fillets and a decreasing share of frozen whole fish. The Belgian (Luxembourg included) import of the seven groundfish species is between 25 000 tonnes and 30 000 tonnes, and the country catches between 3 000 tonnes and 4 000 tonnes of cod and less than 1 000 tonnes of haddock. The largest import into Belgium is of frozen fillets of cod, hake, saithe and Alaska pollock, with lesser amounts of fresh fillets/whole fresh saithe, cod and redfish. Belgium exports/re-exports about one third of the fresh/frozen fish it imports/catches. Swedish imports increased from just under 30 000 tonnes prior 2000, to more than 40 000 tonnes in 2004. Sweden imports mostly fresh whole fish and frozen fillets, and exports/reexports(in transit) 15 000 tonnes - 20 000 tonnes of fresh whole fish and a few tonnes of fresh/frozen fillets. Ireland has a small but increasing import in terms value of the seven groundfish species, while Greece has a smaller but more constant import. Austria and Finland had the smallest import in 2004 but this is also showing a decreasing trend. The import values into the EU15 of chilled/frozen products from the seven groundfish species increased from 1.36 billion euros in 1991 to 2.30 billion euros in 2004. In 2004 the largest trade partner for the EU15 countries for fresh and frozen groundfish from the seven defined species was Iceland, followed by Norway, China, USA, Russia and Namibia. The increased importance of Iceland, China and the USA as trade partners for the EU15 is a key development. 9

Icelandic seafood exports amounted to 107 billion ISK in 2004, up from 67 billion ISK in 1990. Most of the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s export is of groundfish, but there are also considerable values/amounts of crustaceans (mostly shrimps) and pelagic fish. The Icelandic groundfish export grew from 55 billion ISK in 1990 to 80 billion ISK in 2004, with 324 000 tonnes exported in 1990 and 273 000 tonnes in 2004. The most important species exported is fresh/frozen cod, but redfish and haddock are also very important for the Icelandic fish industry. Most of the groundfish are exported to the EU15, but there is also an export of cod and haddock to the USA and a redfish export to Japan, both of which are important for the Icelandic groundfish industry. Prior to 1990, fillet blocks of cod accounted for more than 40 percent of the export, but this declined to 20 percent between 1993 and 1995, and decreased further to 10 percent between 2001 and 2004. Iceland built up a fresh fillet industry supplying the EU15 market before any other third country and has been able to maintain relatively good prices on its products. The Icelandic processing industry benefits from the fact that its cod are caught all year around, while for instance the Norwegian cod are mostly caught during the winter months. Norway is one of the largest seafood exporters in the world and in 2003 was the largest volume exporter. Of particularly importance are herring, mackerel, salmon, cod, fishmeal and oil products. The countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s export of traditional cured groundfish products is approximately as large as the export of fresh and frozen products. In 2004, 72 percent by value of cured products were based on cod, but only 54 percent by volume. Saithe is the other main species used for cured products, together with minor amounts of ling and tusk. Since the raw material (fresh/frozen whole cod and fresh saithe) is the same for the production of cured products as for fresh/chilled/frozen products, there will always be a trade off between types of production. In 2004 the volume of fresh/frozen saithe products exported was larger than the volume of cod products for the first time since 1995, and amounted to 61 000 tonnes of saithe and 55 000 tonnes of cod. A relatively large volume of Haddock was also exported in 2004, amounting to 43 000 tonnes. More than 65 percent of the export value of fresh/frozen groundfish went to the EU15 in 2004, in line with previous years, with the remainder bought by many different countries. The USA was traditional an important market but has been shrinking of late, while China and some Eastern European countries, especially Ukraine and Russia, are entering the market and buying increasing quantities of whole frozen fish for processing. Norway has the largest production/sale of farmed cod in the world, but Iceland and the UK also have minor amounts. Norwegian production in 2004 was 3 000 tonnes, while estimates for 2005 and 2006 predict 10 000 tonnes per year, increasing thereafter. In the past, Russian vessels landed a large proportion of the whole cod processed for fillets in Norwegian factories and exported from Norway. However, this decreased from around 100 000 tonnes in 1997, to 43 000 tonnes in 2004. The Faeroe Islands exported fish and seafood worth more than 3 billion DKK in 2004. Groundfish was the most important group exported, along with salmon, pelagic fish and minor amounts of other species. The export of 96 000 tonnes of groundfish products was worth almost 2 billion DKK in 2004, while the volume of groundfish increased by almost 40 000 tonnes from 1999 to 2002 and amounted to 102 000 tonnes in 2002. The main increase 10

was in the fresh sector, which in 2004 was the largest in terms of volume with 41 000 tonnes worth 622 million DKK. This represented a significant increase on 1990, when it was 13 000 tonnes worth 160 million DKK. In the same period, the frozen sector decreased from 46 000 tonnes worth 795 million DKK in 1990, to 36 000 tonnes worth 674 million DKK in 2004. The export of cured products increased from 14 000 tonnes worth 357 million DKK in 1990 to 17 000 tonnes worth 586 millions DKK in 2004. Most of the fresh and frozen groundfish products from the Faeroe Islands are exported to the EU15 and in 2004, only 7 percent of the volume and value was exported outside of these countries. China remains the world’s largest exporter of seafood in value terms and exported more than 2 million tonnes in 2003, an increase of 566 000 tonnes since 2000. While its export of frozen whole fish is rapidly decreasing, the export of frozen fillets is rapidly increasing. China has now become the EU15’s third largest trade partner in the seven groundfish species after Iceland and Norway. The EU15 imported 134 000 tonnes of fillets of the seven groundfish species from China in 2004, up from around 120 000 tonnes in 2001 and 2003. Alaska pollock is the main species imported from China, with 86 000 tonnes of fillets purchased in 2004. The EU15 import of frozen cod fillets from China increased from almost nothing in 1996 to 32 000 tonnes in 2004. The EU15 also imports smaller quantities of redfish fillets and haddock fillets from China. Most of the frozen cod, saithe and redfish fillets coming in to the EU15 from China can be expected to have a European origin. US exports of seafood increased from 2.9 billion USD in 1990 to 3.7 billion USD in 2004. In that year, the breakdown was 662 000 tonnes of whitefish products, 173 000 tonnes of salmon/trout, 149 tonnes of pelagic fish, 67 tonnes of molluscs and 64 tonnes of crustaceans. Most of the remaining 187 000 tonnes was made up of frozen whole fish, frozen fillets, chilled fillets and chilled whole fish of species not identified in the US trade statistics. US exports of seafood mainly end up in Asia, Europe and other Northern American countries. The US groundfish export to the EU15 increased from relatively small volumes before 2001, mostly of Pacific cod, to 140 000 tonnes in 2004 worth 295 million USD. In 2004 the export consisted mostly of Alaska pollock, together with Pacific cod and hake. The Russian export of seafood amounted to 1.2 million tonnes in 2003, with Alaska pollock accounting for 431 000 tonnes. Most of the seafood is exported to The Republic of Korea, Japan and China. Russian imports amounted to 712 000 tonnes in 2003, around half of which originated in Norway and mostly comprised Herring. In general terms, both imports and exports consist mostly of frozen whole fish. The EU15 imported more of the seven groundfish species from Russia than from any other country in 2003, but in 2004 Russia was only in fifth place in terms of value and volume, with a decrease of more than 30 000 tonnes on 2003. The import was at its largest in 1998, when it reached more than 200 000 tonnes, with a value of more than 374 million euros. In 2004 the volume was almost 98 000 tonnes with a value of 215 million euros. Russia supplies mainly Alaska pollock and cod to the EU15, but also 5 000 tonnes to 10 000 tonnes of haddock per year and some small quantities of redfish. Namibia has been the most important exporter of hake in terms of import value, to the EU15 since 1999. Namibia’s catch of Cape hake increased from 22 000 tonnes in 1987 to 88 000 tonnes in 1992 and slowly increased to 192 000 tonnes in 2003. The EU15 imported 95 000 tonnes seafood from Namibia worth 245 million euros in 2004, which is similar to previous years in both volume and value, making the EU15 the most important market for Namibian seafood products. The EU15 import from Namibia was mostly of hake products, with smaller amounts of anglerfish and other saltwater species.

The EU15 annual import of seafood from South Africa increased from between 30 000 tonnes and 40 000 tonnes before 1996, to more than 70 000 tonnes in the past few years. This corresponds with an increase in value from 89 000 euros in 1991 to 247 000 euros in 2004, and makes the EU15 the most important market for South African fish. The most important species imported is hake, but squid is also increasing in importance as an export item. Argentina has been the fourth most important exporter of hake to the EU15 in the past few years, in terms of import value. Between 1991 and 1997 it enjoyed first place, but this has since declined. Chile has been the third most important exporter of hake to the EU15 in terms of import value over the past four years. In addition to hake, Chile also exports Patagonian grenadier and other species to the EU15. The country has large catches of hake and hoki, together with pelagic species including jack mackerel, anchoveta, chub mackerel and herring. Uruguay is the fifth most important exporter of hake to the EU15, in terms of import value. In the ten years up to 2003, Uruguay exported between 60 000 tonnes and 100 000 tonnes of seafood each year, with a value of between 80 million and 110 million USD. The EU15 import from Uruguay is mainly of hake, with minor amounts of other saltwater fish and species including squid, shark, swordfish, scallops and crab. New Zealand is the major exporter of hoki (blue grenadier) to the EU15 and this species is also its most important catch. The EU15 import of hoki consists almost entirely of frozen fillets and increased from around 3 000 tonnes in 1995 to 24 000 tonnes in 1999. Since then it has decreased and in 2004 amounted to some 11 000 tonnes. Poland is the seventh most important supplier of cod to the EU15 and this export has traditionally been based on its own catch. The EU15 import of cod products from Poland has varied in recent years, but in 2004 amounted to 14 000 tonnes, mostly of frozen fillets, with a small import of chilled whole fish. Most of the frozen fillets are exported to the UK, France and Denmark and the EU15 import of cod from Poland was worth 48 million euros in 2004.

1. Overview World production of fish is increasing year on year and while the capture production has remained pretty stable in the past 15 years, aquaculture production is increasing rapidly. World total fishery imports increased from 17.4 million tonnes in 1990 to 28.6 million tonnes in 2003, while the value in the same period increased from 39.9 billion USD to 68.3 billion USD. The biggest importers by volume in 2003 were the EU15 countries with 9.3 million tonnes worth 26.0 billion USD, Japan with 3.2 million tonnes worth 12.6 billion USD, USA with 2.2 million tonnes worth11.8 billion USD and China with 2.3 million tonnes worth 2.4 billion USD. World total fishery exports increased from 17 million tonnes in 1990 to 28 million tonnes in 2003, while the value in the same period increased from 36 to 64 billion USD. The biggest exporters by volume in 2003 were the EU15 countries with 6.1 million tonnes worth15.2 billion USD, Norway with 2.1 million tonnes worth3.7 billion USD, China with 2.1 million tonnes worth 5.4 billion USD and Peru with 1.7 million tonnes worth1.0 billion USD. World fish trade in fresh, chilled and frozen finfish experienced a strong increasing trend from 1995 onwards. The import volume of 10.2 million tonnes in 1995 increased to 14.6 million tonnes in 2003, while the export volume increased from 10.8 million tonnes to 14.7 million tonnes in the same period. The largest importers in 2003 were the EU15 with 4 million tonnes, Japan with 1.7 million tonnes and China with 1.1 million tonnes. The largest exporters were the EU15 with 3.7 million tonnes, Norway with 1.5 and China and Russia both with 1.1 million tonnes. The EU15â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s import of seafood from third countries (non EU15 members), increased from 2.6 million tonnes worth 7.1 billion euros in 1991, to 4.1 million tonnes worth 12.0 billion euros in 2004. Imports of chilled/fresh/frozen finfish increased from 1.4 million tonnes in 1991 to 2.1 million tonnes in 2004, but chilled/fresh/frozen finfish only increased its share of the total import value of fish from third countries from 42 percent in 1991 to 44 percent in 2004. In the same period, the volume share decreased from 55 percent to 53 percent. Figure 1. World Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, 1950 â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2003 13 12 11 10 Redfish

Million MT

Haddock

Saithe

Hoki

Hake

Cod

AP/pollock

3 2 1

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production

2002

2000

1998

1996

1994

1992

1990

1988

1986

1984

1982

1980

1978

1976

1974

1972

1970

1968

1966

1964

1962

1960

1958

1956

1954

1952

1950

Total world catches of the seven groundfish species redfish, haddock, saithe, hoki, hake, cod, and Alaska pollock/pollock, declined relatively rapidly from 12.6 million tonnes in 1987 to 6.7 million tonnes in 2003. Catches of Alaska pollock registered the largest decreased, at 3.8 million tonnes or 57 percent, but cod also declined by 1.3 million tonnes or 48 percent. World aquaculture production of the seven groundfish species is limited to an increasing Norwegian production of cod of 2 200 tonnes in 2003 and a small Icelandic production of haddock and cod totalling 445 tonnes in 2003. Several other countries are also looking into future possibilities for finfish aquaculture, and especially at cod. Table 1. World Aquaculture of Seven Groundfish Species, 1994 -2003, MT Country Species 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Iceland Atlantic Cod 60 33 0 0 0 0 Iceland Haddock 0 0 0 0 0 0 Norway Atlantic Cod 569 284 191 304 199 157 United Kingdom Atlantic Cod 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 629 317 191 304 199 157

2000 0 0 169 0 169

2001 140 0 864 15 1.019

2002 192 0 1.253 0 1.445

2003 380 65 2.181 0 2.626

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Aquaculture Production-Quantities Table 2. EU15 Catches of the Seven Groundfish Species, MT 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 236.341 287.833 318.695 292.606 260.779 214.678 Cod Haddock 112.319 105.084 108.293 108.821 105.363 87.057 Redfish 46.023 39.021 36.962 41.056 40.063 44.801 8.642 7.374 Pollack 11.037 11.070 10.627 9.887 68.652 58.080 59.440 56.813 52.268 58.855 Saithe 132.701 137.133 130.255 103.937 95.642 110.436 Hake 6.853 10.696 7.848 7.588 16.106 11.481 Hoki Total 613.926 648.917 672.120 620.708 578.863 534.682

2000 179.235 67.177 36.208 8.576 57.356 104.391 9.868 462.811

2001 169.615 64.175 35.836 8.991 59.994 98.093 13.629 450.333

2002 138.123 75.512 34.093 9.166 66.807 85.981 13.001 422.683

2003 113.821 62.638 38.087 8.238 55.510 77.225 11.431 366.950

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production EU15 catches of the seven groundfish species declined from 614 000 tonnes in 1994 to 367 000 tonnes in 2003. Cod catches reduced the most, decreasing by 52 percent from 236 000 tonnes to 114 000 tonnes. Haddock catches also reduced substantially from more than 100 000 tonnes in 1998 to just 63 000 tonnes in 2003. The result was an increase in demand for imports of these species, but the EU15 import is limited by total available catches, consumption in the catching nations and the demand from other importing countries. The EU15 imported 2.14 million tonnes of fresh and frozen finfish products from third countries in 2004, worth almost 5.3 billion euros. Salmondiae, consisting mostly of salmon, was the largest group by volume in 2004, at 396 000 tonnes. The next largest group was ‘other saltwater fish’ comprising products and species not having their own CN number in the EU nomenclature, at 286 000 tonnes. Cod at 259 000 tonnes and hake at 258 000 tonnes were almost as big as the import of ‘other saltwater fish’ in 2004. EU15 countries also imported 218 000 tonnes of Alaska pollock/pollock, 206 000 tonnes of ‘haddock, saithe, redfish, 167 000 tonnes of small pelagics, 127 000 tonnes of tuna and 120 000 tonnes of ‘other freshwater fish’. ‘Other freshwater fish’ are also species not having their own CN number in the EU nomenclature. There was also some import of flatfish, shark, sea bass, sea bream and hoki. Overall, the volume growth was fairly steady and rose by 48 percent between1991 and 2004. This growth mainly came from an increased import of salmon and Alaska pollock, but also from species and products in the categories ‘other freshwater fish’ and ‘other saltwater

fishâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Sea bass/sea bream had a large percentage volume growth during the period, increasing by 508 percent, and hoki was a new species introduced onto the European market.

1000 MT

Figure 2. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Fish, Volume 2,200

Hoki

2,000 1,800

Sea bass/sea bream

1,600

Flatfishes

1,400

Other freshwaterfish

1,200 1,000

Tunas

Sharks

Small pelagics

800

Haddock, Saithe, Redfish

600

AP/pollock

400 200

Hake Cod 2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Other saltwaterfish Salmonidae

Source: Eurostat The growth in value was more inconsistent than the growth in volume, but between 1991 and 2003, the value growth in nominal euros was 80 percent, most of it in the period 1993 to 2001. Flatfish, tuna, small pelagics, sea bass/sea bream, cod and hake showed the largest increase in nominal price during the period from 1991 to 2004, although some of this is attributable to a larger percentage being sold as fresh fish and fillets in 2004 than in 1991. This lead to the relatively larger increase in value than in volume for these species. Salmondiae, sharks and Alaska pollock had lower nominal prices in 2004 than in 1991. Figure 3. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Fish, Value

Hoki

5,600

Sea bass/sea bream

Million EURO

4,800

Sharks Flatfishes

4,000

Other freshwaterfish Tunas

3,200 2,400

Small pelagics Haddock, Saithe, Redfish

1,600

AP/pollock Hake

800

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Cod Other saltwaterfish Salmonidae

Source: eurostat The EU15 import of frozen fillets of finfish increased by 91 percent between 1991 and 1994, ending at 730 000 tonnes. Fresh/chilled whole fish increased by 61 percent to 650 000 tonnes, while the import of frozen whole fish varied over the period, but showed an overall decrease of 13 percent in 2004, at 537 000 tonnes. The largest percentage increases were in

fresh/chilled fillets, where the import in 2004 was 110 000 tonnes, which is seven times as much as in 1991. The increase in frozen meat/mince was 187 percent during this period at 80 000 tonnes, while frozen surimi increased by 471 percent between 1994 and 2004, when it amounted to 27 000 tonnes.

2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0

fresh/chilled mince/meat frozen surimi frozen mince/meat fresh/chilled fillets frozen whole fresh/chilled whole

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

frozen fillets

1991

1000 MT

Figure 4. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Fish, Volume

Source: Eurostat The ‘other saltwater fish’ and ‘other freshwater fish’ categories are interesting because they include some of the fastest growing species competing with the traditional groundfish species in the EU15 market. In 2004 the ‘other saltwater fish’ category including 27 000 tonnes of frozen surimi, 22 000 tonnes of anglerfish, 17 000 tonnes of swordfish, 10 000 tonnes of pink cusk eel (kingclip) and 10 000 tonnes of products from other identified species. In addition, there was around 200 000 tonnes of product from species not identified in the statistics. Table 3 gives an indication of the main nations supplying this fish, which includes a wide range of species such as Patagonian grenadier (hoki) and fresh hake fillets.

Table 3. EU15 Import of Saltwater Species Not Identified in the Statistics Frozen whole Argentina Falkland Is. Senegal South Korea China India Brazil Seychelles Mauritania USA Yemen New Zealand Oman Indonesia Frozen fillets Argentina China Greenland Iceland Chile Falkland Is. Senegal Namibia Vietnam Thailand New Zealand Indonesia Fresh/chilled whole Morocco Iceland Senegal Mauritania Faroe Isles Oman Turkey Brazil Venezuela Guinea Croatia Fresh/chilled fillet Iceland Sri Lanka Indonesia Senegal Maldives Norway Fresh/chilled meat/mince USA Costa Rica Frozen meat/mince Chile Vietnam Greenland New Zealand Indonesia Argentina Russia Total

2001 60,936 8,425 1,864 4,252 2,304 3,341 3,752 1,100 1,007 5,433 1,368 889 1,957 1,366 1,117 48,353 7,979 2,688 3,705 6,803 1,755 2,832 5,431 736 2,090 2,821 1,985 1,140 38,021 10,128 2,840 8,101 3,158 1,528 1,122 2,873 851 1,238 732 1,136 10,628 2,485 1,764 1,164 1,655 254 420 1,297 176 13 12,228 728 503 159 1,761 1,204 2,474 362 171,463

Source: Eurostat

2002 56,085 5,382 2,775 3,088 2,980 1,477 2,762 1,615 4,004 3,894 1,311 475 1,768 1,384 730 50,270 5,529 1,531 5,138 6,114 5,827 4,349 5,058 1,414 1,848 2,819 1,886 1,204 36,260 9,410 2,379 5,568 3,387 1,868 1,457 3,429 1,201 1,256 1,003 956 11,432 2,337 1,877 1,705 1,661 308 491 1,282 146 12,446 1,075 550 1,029 1,143 1,012 1,520 528 167,775

2003 59,027 6,897 3,836 2,953 4,213 3,783 2,841 2,669 2,856 2,569 1,903 664 2,024 1,779 753 51,442 6,815 4,554 3,694 6,372 5,506 2,586 3,782 1,877 2,093 3,083 2,350 1,200 41,470 10,053 2,868 4,695 3,873 3,375 2,112 2,792 2,042 2,015 1,173 882 15,000 2,753 2,612 2,845 1,764 448 802 1,300 187 212 14,141 1,480 1,463 1,882 1,856 1,270 1,118 196 182,380

2004 58,404 7,001 4,301 3,557 3,506 3,006 2,657 2,440 2,201 2,167 1,939 1,772 1,690 1,623 1,622 55,637 6,671 6,626 5,493 5,096 4,909 3,867 3,540 2,967 2,754 2,749 2,495 1,341 45,181 11,130 5,191 4,871 3,902 2,980 2,639 2,416 2,223 1,920 1,179 1,088 17,362 3,643 2,936 1,902 1,668 1,635 1,214 1,656 455 325 20,002 3,121 2,942 2,592 2,270 1,694 1,220 1,080 198,242

In the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;other freshwater fishâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; category in 2004, some 120 000 tonnes of product from species not identified in the statistics consists mainly of fish from aquaculture, a category in which there has been a large growth in imports in recent years. The main species are indicated in Table 4. Table 4. EU15 Import of Freshwater Species Not Identified in the Statistics 2001 2002 2003 2004 37,087 34,970 40,023 49,983 Fresh/chilled fillets Tanzania 18,808 18,676 22,288 24,755 Uganda 12,376 10,294 10,320 16,411 Kenya 2,314 2,566 3,567 5,657 Estonia 2,184 2,482 2,830 1,993 Fresh/chilled whole 3,277 2,167 1,783 2,125 Uganda 427 609 773 1,084 Kenya 136 117 133 225 Tanzania 501 270 154 208 Frozen fillets 20,243 20,387 27,472 41,284 Vietnam 2,086 3,199 7,403 19,363 Russia 5,869 5,267 5,196 5,994 Tanzania 4,258 4,190 4,679 5,685 Kazakhstan 825 2,129 Uganda 2,404 1,868 2,747 1,954 Kenya 436 1,302 1,520 1,042 Indonesia 67 35 217 1,020 Frozen meat/mince 1,673 1,866 2,152 1,867 Frozen whole 20,224 23,058 21,921 24,416 Thailand 1,242 921 1,230 4,275 Myanmar 3,385 3,211 3,609 3,847 Bangladesh 1,942 2,800 2,755 2,675 Vietnam 523 673 828 2,621 Indonesia 22 16 69 2,491 Uganda 1,218 1,604 1,044 1,355 Tanzania 583 516 627 1,179 Total 82,506 82,471 93,425 119,854

Specie Tilapia/nile perch Tilapia/nile perch Tilapia/perch/cyprinids

Tilapia/nile perch Tilapia/perch/cyprinids Tilapia/nile perch Catfish(pangasius) Carps Tilapia/nile perch Carps Tilapia/nile perch Tilapia/perch/cyprinids Tilapia/carps

Catfish/tilapia Carps Carps Catfish(pangasius) Tilapia/carps Tilapia/nile perch Tilapia/nile perch

Source: Eurostat The EU15 import of the seven groundfish species has amounted to more than 900 000 tonnes per year over the last few years, with an annual value of between 2 billion euros and 2.5 billion euros. The volume in 2004 was 952 000 tonnes, worth 2.3 billion euros. Cod, hake and Alaska pollock are the main species imported, both in terms of volume and value, but substantial quantities of saithe, haddock, redfish and hoki are also imported.

Figure 5. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Fresh/Frozen Product from the Seven Groundfish Species, Volume and Value 1,000

2,500

Hoki

700 600

Redfish

500 400

Haddock

300 200

Hake

Hoki

2,000 Million EURO

Saithe A pollock

Redfish Saithe

1,500

Haddock 1,000

A pollock Hake

500

Cod

100 0

Cod

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

0 1992

1000 MT

900 800

Source: Eurostat Between 2000 and 2004, haddock was the species with the largest percentage increase in volume and value. The volume of whole fish, both frozen and fresh/chilled was fairly stable throughout the period, with a small increase in frozen whole fish of 28 000 tonnes and a small decrease in fresh whole fish of 6 000 tonnes. The largest increase was in frozen fillets, up from 311 000 tonnes in 1991 to 528 000 tonnes in 2004. At the same time, frozen mince/meat increased from 19 000 tonnes to 55 000 tonnes. Fresh fillets also experienced a large increase, up from 500 tonnes to 20 000 tonnes in this period. It should be noted that this figure excludes surimi, as EU15 countries do not publish figures for surimi on a species level. It is also worth mentioning that there is a degree of export/re-export of the seven groundfish species from the EU15 to other countries. There was an increase in the total export of fresh/frozen products of these seven species from 23 000 tonnes in 1996 to 46 000 tonnes in 2004. The export/reexport is mostly of hake, cod, redfish and haddock, with small quantities of other species. Figure 6. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Fresh/Frozen Product from the Seven Groundfish Species, Volume and value 1,000

2,500 2,000

700 600

fresh/chilled fillets

500 400

frozen meat/mince

300 200

frozen whole

fresh/chilled whole frozen fillets

M illion EURO

1000 MT

900 800

fresh/chilled fillets fresh/chilled whole

1,500

frozen meat/mince 1,000

frozen fillets frozen whole

500

100 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat

Table 5. EU15 Import, Species, Volume Hake 1996 Import 264,439 Eksport 10,414 Net import 254,025 Hoki Import 5,461 Eksport 699 Net import 4,762 Haddock Import 61,084 Eksport 870 Net import 60,214 Saithe Import 72,022 Eksport 900 Net import 71,122 Cod Import 239,792 Eksport 6,232 Net import 233,560 Redfish Import 50,855 Eksport 2,471 Net import 48,384 AP/Pollock Import 172,989 Eksport 1,851 Net import 171,138 Total Import 866,642 Eksport 23,437 Net import 843,205

Export and Net Import of Fresh, Frozen Products from the Seven Groundfish 1997 260,494 6,607 253,887

1998 268,318 4,490 263,828

1999 263,347 4,180 259,167

2000 240,677 6,925 233,752

2001 260,857 4,156 256,701

2002 257,795 6,399 251,396

2003 260,723 17,662 243,061

2004 257,522 17,222 240,300

7,065 262 6,803

21,839 483 21,356

25,473 67 25,406

14,683 182 14,501

19,445 191 19,254

19,436 70 19,366

20,096 690 19,406

12,002 155 11,847

58,972 26,860 32,112

54,500 1,126 53,374

48,596 1,627 46,969

46,751 1,557 45,194

54,598 1,312 53,286

55,107 2,081 53,026

67,041 3,027 64,014

79,068 2,366 76,702

63,314 931 62,383

65,211 952 64,259

63,900 1,130 62,770

66,349 1,306 65,043

71,183 1,698 69,485

69,037 1,303 67,734

73,293 1,295 71,998

74,190 1,572 72,618

244,819 6,580 238,239

232,816 6,760 226,056

248,603 5,926 242,677

229,362 18,032 211,330

246,584 5,513 241,071

244,589 5,666 238,923

265,406 10,307 255,099

258,719 11,088 247,631

48,492 1,416 47,076

48,801 1,809 46,992

53,156 3,107 50,049

51,928 4,877 47,051

51,812 4,995 46,817

53,229 5,278 47,951

52,918 5,987 46,931

52,503 9,865 42,638

186,736 1,457 185,279

227,185 1,739 225,446

147,773 2,513 145,260

196,586 896 195,690

247,704 1,354 246,350

211,824 550 211,274

201,567 437 201,130

217,900 4,035 213,865

869,892 44,113 825,779

918,670 17,359 901,311

850,848 18,550 832,298

846,336 33,775 812,561

952,183 19,219 932,964

911,017 21,347 889,670

941,044 39,405 901,639

951,904 46,303 905,601

Source: Eurostat

2. EU15 Demand and Catches World catches and EU15 catches of each of the seven species are discussed in this chapter, together with the EU15 import since 1991 and the latest developments for the most important countries. 2.1. Cod Cod includes the four species Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac). The largest catch is currently of Atlantic cod, but in the beginning of the 1980s the catch of Pacific cod increased to more than 400 000 tonnes per year. The main catch of Polar cod was in the1970s, particularly in 1971 when 348 000 tonnes were caught and in 1970 when 268 000 tonnes were landed. From 1950 onwards, the catch slowly increased from 2.1 million tonnes, to a peak of 4.1 million tonnes in 1968 and 3.9 million tonnes in 1969. Since 1971 a decreasing trend can be seen, with catches totalling just 1.2 million tonnes in 2003. The main nations catching Pacific cod in recent years are the USA at 257 000 tonnes, Russian Federation at 52 000 tonnes and Japan at 33 000 tonnes, with figures quoted for 2003. The main nations catching Atlantic cod are Norway at 217 000 tonnes, Iceland at 206 000 tonnes, Russian Federation at 186 000 tonnes, EU15 countries at 114 000 tonnes and Faeroe Islands at 58 000 tonnes, again all in 2003. Canada, Poland and the USA also had small catches. These figures show that only the Russian Federation has substantial catches of both Atlantic and Pacific cod. Catches of Polar cod in 1971 amounted to 348 000 tonnes but since then, annual catches have ranged between a few thousand tonnes and 40 000 tonnes. The only nation catching Polar cod in the last few years is the Russian Federation, but Norway had relatively large catches around 1970. From 1973 onwards there have been catches of Greenland cod up to 7 000 tonnes a year, caught by Greenland vessels. Figure 7. World Catches of Cod by Species, 1950 -2003

4,500 4,000 Thousand MT

3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000

1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

500 0

Atlantic cod

Pacific cod

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production

Polar cod

Greenland cod

It has been chosen to further analyse the catches and trade of the four cod species in this report, without distinguish between them. The largest catching nations for all cod species in the past few years have been the Russian Federation at 277 000 tonnes in 2003, USA at 268 000 tonnes, Norway at 217 000 tonnes, Iceland at 206 000 tonnes, EU15 at 114 000 tonnes, Faeroe Islands at 58 000 tonnes and Canada at 23 000 tonnes. The total catch decreased from 1.8 million tonnes in 1998 to 1.2 million tonnes in 2003. A large proportion of the total cod catches are produced, exported and consumed as klipfish, other salted fish and dried fish. Norway exported 34 000 tonnes of klipfish, 24 000 tonnes of salted cod and 4 000 tonnes of dried cod in 2004. The Norwegian export of cured products accounts for 63 percent of the total value of the Norwegian cod export. The annual Icelandic export of cured cod products has been around 50 000 tonnes since 1996. Most of this was salted cod and salted cod fillets, but there was also an increasing volume of dried cod heads, rising from 5 000 tonnes in 1990 to 13 000 tonnes in 2004. The Faeroe Islands exported 14 000 tonnes of cured cod products in 2003, mostly salted cod, but also klipfish fillets and dried cod. Spain, Portugal. Japan, USA and Canada also have a substantial production of cured cod products. Figure 8. World Catches of Cod by Country, 1950 -2003 4,500 4,000 Others

Thousand MT

3,500

Canada

3,000

Faeroe Islands

2,500

EU15

2,000

Iceland Norway

1,500

USA

1,000

USSR/Rus.Fed.

500 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The EU15 countriesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; catch of cod weighed more than 900 000 tonnes per year between 1950 and 1975, with a peak in 1968 of almost 1.8 million tonnes. After 1975 the catch slowly decreased to a total of 114 000 tonnes in 2003. The large decreases in recent years are due to the low quotas and catches in the North Sea area. The main catching nations in the EU15 were the UK, Germany, Spain, France and Portugal until 1975, but in more recent years have been Denmark, UK, Sweden and Germany. Table 6. EU15 Catches of Cod, 1000 MT 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 294 237 210 236 288 319

1997 293

1998 261

1999 215

2000 179

2001 170

2002 138

2003 114

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production With catches declining, the EU15 increased their import of fresh/frozen cod products from 195 000 tonnes in 1991 to 259 000 tonnes in 2004. At the same time the import of cured cod

products increased from 129 000 tonnes in 1991 to 157 000 tonnes in 1996 but then decreased to 112 000 tonnes in 2004. The import of cured cod products consists mostly of salted cod, but also some klipfish and dried cod. Figure 9. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Cod Products, Volume 280

280

Other

240

200

Faroe Isles

160

USA

120

China

1000 MT

Norway

fresh/chilled whole frozen meat/mince

120

frozen fillets

Iceland

fresh/chilled fillets

160

frozen whole

Russia

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

0 1992

1000 MT

240

Poland

200

Source: Eurostat The EU15 import their fresh/frozen cod products mostly from Russia, Iceland, Norway, China, USA, Faeroe Islands and Poland. The import from China of frozen fillets became visible in 1997 and increased to 34 000 tonnes in 2004. The EU15 import of cod consists mainly of frozen whole cod, chilled whole cod and frozen fillets of cod, the latter of which is the largest segment. The figures show an increasing trend for import of fresh/chilled fillets. The import of frozen whole cod increased from 53 000 tonnes in 1991 to 77 000 tonnes in 2004, and of chilled whole cod, the import decreased from 62 000 tonnes in 1991 to 43 000 tonnes in 2004. The import of frozen fillets increased from 80 000 tonnes in 1991 to 115 000 tonnes in 2004 and of frozen meat/mince from less than 1 000 tonnes in 1991 to 10 000 tonnes in 2004. Fresh fillet import increased from less than 1 000 tonnes in 1991 to 14 000 tonnes in 2004.

9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00

frozen whole frozen fillets fresh/chilled whole fresh/chilled fillets

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

EURO/Kg

Figure 10. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Prices of Chilled/Frozen Cod Products

Source: Eurostat The annual unit value of all cod products has been broadly similar in recent years, with fresh and frozen whole fish commanding approximately the same price. However, there is a more recent tendency for fresh whole cod to command a slightly higher value than frozen whole cod. Chilled fillets are in general of higher value than frozen fillets but the overall picture shows cod fillet prices increasing from a low point in 1995 until 2000, then decreasing in 2001, rising again in 2002, before decreasing in 2003 and 2004. It is difficult to say if changes in the composition of the fillet category have influenced the price, although it includes a number of different products such as single frozen fillets and fillet blocks. A price peak for frozen whole cod was seen in 2001, and for chilled whole cod in 2002. Unit values for fresh/chilled fillets are more difficult to interpret since this is a new product, with relatively 23

small quantities selling into specific markets. However the unit value of fresh fillets was far higher than that of frozen fillets between 1999 and 2004 and is worth noting. While frozen fillets have commanded between 4 Euro/Kg and 5 Euro/Kg in recent years, chilled fillets have been worth between 6 Euro/Kg to more than 8 Euro/Kg. The EU15 countries importing the most fresh/frozen cod from third countries are the UK, Denmark, Portugal, Netherlands and Germany. The UK imports mostly for consumption, Denmark for processing and export/re-export, Portugal for processing/consumption as salted and Netherlands and Germany for both consumption and re-export. The country with the largest net import of cod is the UK at around 100 000 tonnes per year. In 2004 the UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s net import was 97 000 tonnes, France imported 46 000 tonnes, Portugal 46 000 tonnes, and Spain 20 000 tonnes. Table 7. EU15 Countries; Import of fresh/frozen Cod from Third Countries, MT 1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

United Kingdom

90,663

94,101

91,863

87,231

93,064

94,701

90,701

96,724

92,354

Denmark

58,745

63,665

55,435

54,951

50,929

52,814

54,267

48,301

42,412

Portugal

35,784

27,755

21,552

41,048

22,730

33,012

30,171

35,390

37,419

Netherlands

5,207

6,957

8,411

11,255

10,653

12,882

12,941

15,198

22,378

Germany

19,266

23,492

24,647

19,837

22,408

22,282

22,141

24,378

17,745

Sweden

9,846

12,613

11,177

9,565

9,141

10,421

10,762

13,208

14,704

Spain

3,871

1,796

1,981

3,774

3,353

4,600

10,608

16,059

13,636

France

12,832

9,658

14,317

17,593

12,826

10,821

7,907

10,212

8,836

Others

3,578

4,782

3,433

3,349

4,258

5,051

5,091

5,936

9,235

Total

239,792

244,819

232,816

248,603

229,362

246,584

244,589

265,406

258,719

Source: Eurostat While the cod catch has been decreasing year on year, the EU15 catch has been decreasing faster than the global catch and increased the demand for import of fresh/frozen cod products from 240 000 tonnes in 1996 to 259 000 tonnes in 2004. In the same period there was a large increase in the average price of cod, but this was tempered by a decreased in the past couple of years. An increased import of both fresh and frozen fillets was noted during the period and Norway, Russia and the Faeroe Isles became less important as exporters in volume, while Iceland, China and the USA increased their export. EU15 2004 The EU15 imported 7 000 tonnes less cod from third countries in 2004 than in 2003. The total import decreased by 2.5 percent to 259 000 tonnes of cod products. In 2004 there were less whole frozen, whole fresh/chilled fish and meat/mince imported, but more fresh and frozen fillets. The import of chilled whole cod decreased by 7 percent to 43 000 tonnes, while the import of chilled fillets increased by 53 percent to 13 600 tonnes. In general the unit value for whole fish was higher, while the unit value of fillets was lower in 2004 than in 2003.

Table 8. EU15 Import of Cod from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 2004 % Fillets fresh Total 8,932 13,642 52.7% Fillets fresh Iceland 6,470 9,460 46.2% Fillets fresh Norway 1,729 2,881 66.6% Fillets fresh Poland 256 842 228.9% Whole fresh Total 45,580 42,514 -6.7% Whole fresh Norway 23,123 21,075 -8.9% Whole fresh Iceland 6,714 9,378 39.7% Whole fresh Faeroe Isles 9,059 6,868 -24.2% Whole fresh Poland 3,526 2,401 -31.9% Fillets frozen Total 114,101 115,322 1.1% Fillets frozen Iceland 27,492 32,853 19.5% Fillets frozen China 26,382 32,167 21.9% Fillets frozen Norway 16,910 16,445 -2.7% Fillets frozen Russia 15,345 10,504 -31.5% Fillets frozen Poland 14,634 9,169 -37.3% Fillets frozen Faeroe Isles 5,601 7,468 33.3% Meat/mince frozen Total 13,666 9,902 -27.5% Meat/mince frozen Iceland 4,368 3,766 -13.8% Meat/mince frozen Poland 2,646 1,913 -27.7% Meat/mince frozen Norway 2,184 1,321 -39.5% Meat/mince frozen USA 2,481 1,173 -52.7% Whole frozen Total 83,127 77,339 -7.0% Whole frozen Russia 54,997 47,951 -12.8% Whole frozen USA 16,293 18,144 11.4% Whole frozen Norway 5,640 5,276 -6.5% Whole frozen Greenland 1,854 2,163 16.7% Total Total 265,406 258,719 -2.5%

Price/EURO 2003 2004 7.95 7.70 8.33 8.01 7.57 7.91 5.16 5.29 2.52 2.68 2.87 3.12 2.73 2.62 2.04 2.18 1.60 1.65 4.28 4.13 4.86 4.61 3.30 3.36 5.33 5.08 3.94 3.64 3.90 4.04 4.91 4.14 1.59 1.54 1.88 1.83 1.09 0.98 1.74 1.31 1.38 1.25 2.19 2.27 2.13 2.28 2.29 2.28 2.39 2.49 1.46 1.44 3.31 3.42

% -3.1% -3.8% 4.5% 2.5% 6.3% 8.7% -4.0% 6.9% 3.1% -3.5% -5.1% 1.8% -4.7% -7.6% 3.6% -15.7% -3.1% -2.7% -10.1% -24.7% -9.4% 3.7% 7.0% -0.4% 4.2% -1.4% 3.3%

Source: Eurostat Iceland remains the largest supplier of frozen fillets of cod to the EU15 and increased its export by 20 percent to 33 000 tonnes in 2004. China increased its export by 22 percent and supplied 32 000 tonnes in 2004. While Norwegian supplies remained at the same level, Russia and Poland decreased their export by more than 30 percent in 2004. The unit value of fillets from China was considerably lower than that reported by the other main suppliers. The unit value of fillets from China increased in 2004 compared with 2003, but decreased from all other suppliers except Poland. Both Iceland and Norway increased their export of fresh fillets to the EU15 but the average unit value was slightly lower in 2004 than in 2003. Norway remains the largest supplier of whole fresh cod, but the volume both from Norway and the Faeroe Isles dropped in 2004 while the volume from Iceland increased. For whole frozen cod the volume from Russia dropped, while the volume from the USA increased. EU15 countries that decreased their cod import from third countries include Denmark, Germany, UK, Spain and France, while Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden and Portugal increased their import substantially. The UK and Germany reported a lower net import of cod in 2004 than in 2003, while Ireland, Belgium, Portugal, Spain and France increased their net import.

Table 9. EU15 Countries Net Import of Cod, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 2004 United Kingdom 106,442 97,144 France 45,690 46,400 Portugal 44,238 46,314 Spain 19,303 19,687 Belgium 7,983 9,198 Italy 7,231 7,962 German 8,094 6,452 Ireland 1,559 2,258 Greece 1,314 1,598 Sweden 1,291 1,392 Austria 1148 933 Netherlands 10795 583 Finland 90 140 Denmark -12166 -25590

% -8.7% 1.6% 4.7% 2.0% 15.2% 10.1% -20.3% 44.8% 21.6% 7.8% -18.7% -94.6% 55.6% 110.3%

Source: Eurostat For whole fresh/chilled cod the unit value was higher in the latter half of 2004 than in the first half, or in 2003. The unit value of frozen fillets also increased in summer 2004 and stayed at a higher level for the remainder of the year. Frozen whole cod commanded a higher unit price for the majority of 2004 than in 2003. Fresh fillet prices mostly refer to the trade between Iceland and the UK and were generally higher than those for frozen fillets. There was also a larger variation seen in the unit value of fresh fillets, but on the whole they followed the same trend as the other categories. Figure 11. EU15 Import of Whole Cod from Third Countries, Unit Value 3.50

EURO/Kg

3.00 2.50

Whole chilled Whole frozen

2.00 1.50

Jan.03 Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.04 Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. jan.05 Feb.

1.00

Source: Eurostat

Figure 12. EU15 Import of Cod fillets from Third Countries, Unit Value 9.00

EURO/Kg

8.00 7.00 Fillet chilled Fillet frozen

6.00 5.00 4.00

Jan.03 Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.04 Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. jan.05 Feb.

3.00

Source: Eurostat Frozen fillets are the large single product category imported to the EU15 from third countries and their unit value follows a similar trend, regardless of country of origin. Norway commands the highest price for its fillets, and currently achieves more than 5 euros/kg compared with China, where the unit price is less than 3.5 euros/kg. Figure 13. EU15 Import of Frozen Fillets of Cod, Unit Values from Important Origins 6.00 5.50

EURO/Kg

5.00 Iceland

4.50

Norway

4.00

Russia

3.50

China

3.00 2.50 Jan.03 Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.04 Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. jan.05 Feb.

2.00

Source: Eurostat UK 2004 The UK is the largest importer and consumer of cod in Europe, with frozen fillets/fillet blocks the main import product. The UK imported 6 percent less in 2004 than in 2003, with the main reduction seen in the whole frozen cod category, which was down -27 percent to 13 000 tonnes. While the import of fresh fillets increased by 37 percent to almost 6 000 tonnes, the import of frozen fillets were reduced by 3 percent to 78 000 tonnes. Table 10. UK Import of Cod, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 2004 Total 123,628 116,815 Fillets frozen 80,835 78,339 Whole fresh 17,985 17,398 Whole frozen 18,256 13,255 Fillets fresh 4,284 5,876 Meat/mince frozen 2,268 1,947

% -5.5% -3.1% -3.3% -27.4% 37.2% -14.2%

Source: Eurostat 27

Price/EURO 2003 3.72 4.26 2.23 2.02 8.08 2.13

2004 3.82 4.18 2.34 2.21 7.64 1.97

% 2.7% -1.9% 4.9% 9.4% -5.4% -7.5%

Almost all the fresh fillet category is imported from Iceland, while the main source of the UK import of frozen fillets/fillet blocks is Iceland and Denmark. The import from Iceland increased by 16 percent in 2004 to 17 500 tonnes. There was a decrease in the UK import of frozen fillets from Russia, down 45 percent to 6 000 tonnes, and an increase from the Faeroe Isles of 63 percent to almost 7 000 tonnes. There was also a decrease in the import from Poland of 46 percent to 1 600 tonnes. Table 11. UK Import of Frozen fillets of Cod, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Price/EURO 2003 2004 % 2003 2004 Total 80,835 78,339 -3.1% 4.26 4.18 Iceland 15,180 17,541 15.6% 5.10 4.86 Denmark 17,567 17,456 -0.6% 4.41 4.53 China 16,287 15,125 -7.1% 3.21 3.14 Norway 7,976 8,130 1.9% 4.61 4.45 Faeroe Isles 4,215 6,859 62.7% 4.82 4.06 Russia 11,234 6,171 -45.1% 3.98 3.75 Germany 1,490 1,691 13.5% 4.63 4.24 Poland 3,017 1,622 -46.2% 3.53 3.81

% -1.9% -4.7% 2.7% -2.2% -3.5% -15.8% -5.8% -8.4% 7.9%

Source: Eurostat France 2004 French imports of cod were 1.4 percent higher in 2004 than in 2003. The import of whole fish decreased, while the import of frozen fillets/fillet blocks/meat and fresh fillets increased. The major change was an increased import of fresh fillets by 46 percent to 3 800 tonnes. According to French trade statistics the major supplying nations for fresh fillets are Iceland, Poland and Denmark, and the major increase is from Poland. The major supplying nations for frozen fillets are Norway, Iceland, China, Denmark and UK. While French imports of frozen fillets from Norway, Iceland and China show an increasing trend, imports from Denmark are decreasing. Table 12. French Import of Cod, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 2004 % Total 47,347 47,995 1.4% Whole fresh 21,415 20,620 -3.7% Fillets frozen 15,529 15,881 2.3% Meat/mince frozen 3,261 4,054 24.3% Fillets fresh 2,608 3,812 46.2% Whole frozen 4,534 3,628 -20.0%

Price/EURO 2003 2004 3.80 3.83 3.08 3.18 5.15 4.81 1.37 1.75 6.78 6.65 2.57 2.67

% 0.8% 3.2% -6.6% 27.7% -1.9% 3.9%

Source: Eurostat The largest product category imported by France is chilled/fresh whole cod. Both French trade statistics and Eurostat indicate a small decrease in the amount imported between 2003 and 2004, but an increase in the unit value. French trade statistics are seen as being more accurate, since the intra trade is registered at the borders and not calculated. According to their figures, the import decreased by 0.6 percent to 20 200 tonnes, while the unit value increased by 4.6 percent to 3.18 euros/kg. The import from Denmark increased by 25.6 percent in 2004 to 7 400 tonnes, while the import from Poland decreased by 36.2 percent to

1 700 tonnes. The import in 2004 from Norway was 3 900 tonnes and from the Netherlands 2 200 tonnes, both of which showed a small increase on 2003. Table 13. French Import of Whole Chilled/Fresh Cod, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT

Price/EURO

2003

2004

2003

2004

Total

20,314

20,195

-0.6%

3.04

3.18

4.6%

Denmark

5,927

7,444

25.6%

3.61

3.67

1.7%

Norway

3,745

3,917

4.6%

3.62

4.09

13.0%

Netherlands

2,066

2,159

4.5%

2.23

2.15

-3.6%

Poland

2,746

1,752

-36.2%

1.64

1.74

6.1%

Germany

1,294

1,388

7.3%

1.60

1.71

6.9%

Source: French Trade Statistics Portugal 2004 Portugal mainly imports whole frozen cod for salting. The import increased by 4 percent in 2004 compared to 2003 and the unit value was generally higher in 2004 than in 2003. Table 14. Portuguese Import of Cod, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 2004 % Total 48,522 50,470 4.0% Whole frozen 44,433 46,049 3.6% Whole fresh 834 3,118 273.9% Meat/mince frozen 2,309 1,125 -51.3% Fillets frozen 892 144 -83.9% Fillets fresh 54 34 -37.0%

Price/EURO 2003 2004 2.27 2.47 2.23 2.38 5.84 4.06 1.69 1.75 2.38 2.81 3.44 4.47

% 8.8% 6.7% -30.5% 3.6% 18.1% 29.9%

Source: Eurostat Whole frozen cod are mostly imported from Russia, but the USA and some other countries export/re-export cod to Portugal. There was a 1 percent decrease in the import from Russia taking the total to just under 25 000 tonnes, but an increase from the USA of 48 percent, taking the import from 5 000 tonnes to 7 700 tonnes. Table 15. Portuguese Import of Whole Frozen Cod, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Price/EURO 2003 2004 % 2003 2004 Total 44,433 46,049 3.6% 2.23 2.38 Russia 25,209 24,956 -1.0% 2.19 2.36 USA 5,198 7,710 48.3% 2.10 2.25 Spain 5,282 4,963 -6.0% 2.48 2.68 Norway 2,020 2,512 24.4% 2.25 2.44 United Kingdom 2,612 2,491 -4.6% 2.28 2.46 Denmark 2,272 1,543 -32.1% 2.53 2.54

Source: Eurostat

% 6.7% 7.8% 7.1% 8.1% 8.4% 7.9% 0.4%

2.2. Alaska Pollock/Pollock The two species Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and pollock (Pollachius pollachius) are considered together, as EU trade statistics for some product categories include both species in the same CN number. The catch and trade of Alaska pollock is much larger than that of pollock, so most of the data refers to Alaska pollock. In 1950 Japan caught 133 000 tonnes of Alaska pollock, and increased the catch to more than 3 million tonnes in 1972 and 1973, before it decreased considerably from the 1970s onwards to less than 500 000 tonnes in 1992. The USSR/Russian Federation reported catches in excess of 100 000 tonnes from 1960 onwards. In1972 these topped 1 million tonnes and in 1975 increased to more than 2 million tonnes per year. From 1984 to 1989 they increased further to more than 3 million tonnes, with a peak of 3.6 million tonnes in 1986. Since then the catch has decrease slowly to 827 000 tonnes in 2002, rising to around 1.1 million tonnes in 2003. As the Japanese catch began to decline from the early 1980s, so the USA entered the picture, landing more than 1.3 million tonnes by 1987 and between 1.2 and 1.4 million tonnes per year until 1997. After 1997, four years of lower catches were experienced of between 1.1 million tonnes and 1.2 million tonnes, rising to 1.4 million tonnes in 2001 and 1.5 million tonnes in 2002 and 2003. The Republic of Korea reported catches of between 200 000 tonnes and 500 000 tonnes between 1973 and 2001, but this reduced to just 25 000 tonnes in 2002 and 22 000 tonnes in 2003. China and Poland had a catch of between 200 000 tonnes and 300 000 tonnes per year in the 1980s and 1990s, but reported none in the recent years. The only other countries reporting a catch after 2000 are the People's Democratic Republic of Korea with 60 000 tonnes and Canada with between 2 000 tonnes and 5 000 tonnes per year. The total catch of Alaska pollock went up from 100 000 tonnes to 455 000 tonnes during the 1950s and up to more than 5 million tonnes in 1975 and 1976, before decreasing to 4 million tonnes in the late 1970s. It then rose steadily to a peak from 1984 to1989 when between 6 million tonnes and 7 million tonnes were caught, after which time there was a decreasing trend with the catch standing at around 3 million tonnes over the past few years. Figure 14. World Catches of Alaska Pollock by Country, 1950 -2003 7,000

1000 MT

6,000

Other

5,000

Poland

4,000

China Korea, Rep. of

3,000

USSR/Rus. Fed.

2,000

USA Japan

1,000 2002

1998

1994

1990

1986

1982

1978

1974

1970

1966

1962

1958

1954

1950

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The overall catch of pollock is small at a few thousand tonnes per year, compared with the catch of Alaska pollock. Pollack is only caught and consumed in Europe. Before 1977 the

annual catch was between 4 000 tonnes and 7 000 tonnes with the largest catching nations being Norway, Spain and Sweden. From 1977 onwards the catch began to decrease, registering 18 000 tonnes in 1980 and 10 000 tonnes in 1999. In 2003 the total catch was 12 000 tonnes. The major catching nations since 1977 have been Norway, France, UK, Denmark, Spain and Ireland. The EU25 quota for pollock in 2003 was around 20 000 tonnes, of which 8 were caught. The EU25 quotas for 2004 and 2005 were at the same level. Figure 15. World Catches of Pollack by Country, 1950 -2003 18 16

1000 MT

14 Other

Ireland

United Kingdom

France

Norway

4 2 2002

1998

1994

1990

1986

1982

1978

1974

1970

1966

1962

1958

1954

1950

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production In the EU statistics the whole fish CN numbers for fresh/chilled whole and frozen whole included both pollock and Alaska pollock in the same CN numbers. However, the CN numbers for frozen fillets and frozen meat referred only to Alaska pollock. There are no other CN numbers for pollock or Alaska pollock, so it is not possible to ascertain the import level of frozen fillets/meat of pollock or fresh fillets of pollock or Alaska pollock, although it is thought unlikely that these categories would be of any considerable size. The one significant category is surimi of Alaska pollock, but the EU statistics have only two CN-numbers for surimi; one for frozen and one for prepared products, and these include surimi made from all species. However, it is believed that the majority of the surimi imported to EU15 countries is made from Alaska pollock. Figure 16. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Alaska Pollock Products, Volume 250

250

200

Poland

150

Russia 100

China

1000 MT

Others

frozen meat/mince

100

frozen fillets frozen whole

USA

fresh/chilled whole 150

50 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Source: Eurostat The EU15 import of Alaska pollock (surimi excluded) consists almost entirely of frozen fillets and frozen meat/mince. Since 2000, between 1 000 tonnes and 4 000 tonnes of frozen whole pollock/Alaska pollock has been imported annually, together with 1 000 tonnes to 2 000 tonnes of fresh/chilled whole pollock/Alaska pollock. The import of frozen fillets/ 31

mince/meat increased from 64 000 tonnes in 1991 to 225 000 tonnes in 1998, went down to 145 000 tonnes in 1999, but up again in the following two years to 243 000 tonnes in 2001. In 2002 and 2003 the import reduced, but rose again in 2004 to 216 000 tonnes. Most of the Alaska pollock derived from Russia, but also from Poland in the early 1990s. China has increased its export since 1991 and the USA came in as a large exporter from 2001 onwards. In 2004 the USA was the largest exporter to the EU15 with 98 000 tonnes, China second with 88 000 tonnes and Russia third with 29 000 tonnes. The largest of the other exporting countries was Norway with 1 300 tonnes of fresh/chilled or frozen whole pollock. The unit value of Alaska pollock fillets was more or less stable from 1992 to 1997, after which time it increased from just under 1.50 euros/kg to 2.25 euros/kg in 2002. Its 2003 unit value was down to1.93 euros/kg, rising to 1.71 euros/kg in 2004. The price of frozen meat/mince followed the same upward trend until 2002, when it decreased. Figure 17. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Frozen Alaska Pollock Products, Unit Value 2.50

EURO/Kg

2.00 1.50

frozen fillets frozen meat/mince

1.00 0.50

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

0.00

Source: Eurostat Germany imports more than half of the total volume of Alaska pollock from third countries, and increased its purchase from 104 000 tonnes in 1996 to 140 000 tonnes in 2004. France increased its import from 23 000 tonnes in 1996 to 32 000 tonnes in 2004, while the Dutch import increased from 3 000 tonnes in 1996 to 17 000 tonnes in 2004 and the UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s import decreased from 32 000 tonnes in 1996 to 14 000 tonnes in 2004. These figures include both the net import and consumption of Alaska pollock. Table 16. EU15 Countries; Import of Pollock/Alaska Pollock from Third Countries, MT 1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Germany

103,889

124,495

160,610

95,420

131,270

161,774

141,441

132,080

140,086

France

23,317

21,893

22,930

23,181

29,442

35,587

31,434

31,033

31,851

Netherlands

3,451

1,723

3,820

2,491

3,201

7,562

6,377

9,439

17,255

United Kingdom

31,711

28,463

23,777

14,724

19,158

22,587

13,669

13,890

13,839

Sweden

3,528

2,995

4,019

3,150

3,219

4,152

4,292

4,199

5,258

Belgium*

992

1,333

1,049

1,409

1,026

2,010

1,472

2,076

2,888

Denmark

4,170

3,401

6,605

3,650

3,570

3,160

3,860

3,357

2,804

Spain

1,581

2,239

3,738

1,623

3,258

5,137

4,956

3,436

2,279

Portugal

304

1,672

2,024

5,373

4,035

1,721

1,399

Others

297

194

333

453

418

362

288

336

241

Total

172,989

186,736

227,185

147,773

196,586

247,704

211,824

201,567

217,900

Source: Eurostat Germany traditionally re-exports between 20 000 tonnes and 30 000 tonnes of Alaska pollock each year. For the past few years the UK has re-exported most of its import, while the other 32

EU15 countries have virtually no re-export. Germany had a net import of 119 000 tonnes in 2004, up from 105 000 tonnes in 1996. France imports Alaska pollock from other EU15 countries and third countries, and its net import increased from 34 000 tonnes in 1996 to 49 000 tonnes in 2004. EU15 2004 The EU15 import of Alaska pollock was 218 000 tonnes in 2004, up 8.1 percent on 2003. The increase was seen in the frozen fillet category, which rose by 9.5 percent. The average unit value of Alaska pollock products was 10.7 percent lower in 2004 than in 2003. Table 17. EU15 Import of Alaska Pollock/Pollock from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Price/EURO 2003 2004 % 2003 2004 % -10.7% Total 201,567 217,900 8.1% 1.87 1.67 Fillets frozen 183,352 200,750 9.5% 1.93 1.71 -11.4% Meat/mince frozen 15,648 15,233 -2.7% 1.20 1.08 -10.0% Whole fresh 1,724 1,266 -26.6% 2.42 2.78 14.9% Whole frozen 843 651 -22.8% 1.33 1.33 0.0%

Source: Eurostat Table 18. EU15 Countries Import of Alaska Pollock/Pollock from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 2004 % Total 201,567 217,900 8.1% USA 64,703 98,825 52.7% China 85,056 87,592 3.0% Russia 49,023 29,484 -39.9% Norway 1,763 1,300 -26.3%

Source: Eurostat There was an increase of 52.7 percent in the import of Alaska pollock from the USA, taking the total to 99 000 tonnes, while imports from China rose by 3 percent to 88 000 tonnes. A large decrease was seen in the import from Russia, which was down almost 40 percent to 29 000 tonnes. The import from Norway comprises whole fresh/whole frozen pollock. The EU15 countries that increased their import of Alaska pollock from third countries in 2004 were Germany and the Netherlands, with an increase of 8 000 tonnes each. Countries with a larger net import were Germany, up 5.4 percent to 119 000 tonnes, France up 12.4 percent to 49 000 tonnes, and the Netherlands up 62.9 percent to 16 000 tonnes. Table 19. EU15 Countries Net Import of Alaska Pollock/Pollock 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 2004 % Germany 113,215 119,313 5.4% France 43,555 48,957 12.4% Netherlands 9,687 15,783 62.9% United Kingdom -1,467 6,844 Sweden 5,683 5,528 -2.7% Other 16,814 14,444 -14.1%

Source: Eurostat

Towards the end of 2004 the unit value of Alaska pollock fillets was similar from China, Russia and the USA, as prices from the latter two fell to meet that of China as a result of increased competition. Figure 18. EU15 Import of Frozen Alaska Pollock Fillets, Unit Value from Most Important Countries 3.00

EURO/Kg

2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50

Russia

USA

Jan.05

Nov.

Jul.

Sep.

Mai

Mar.

Nov.

Jan.04

Jul.

Sep.

May

Mar.

Nov.

Jan.03

Sep.

Jul.

May

Mar.

Jan.02

0.00

China

Source: Eurostat Germany 2004 Germany increased its import of frozen Alaska pollock fillets by 8.2 percent to 137 000 tonnes in 2004, up from 126 000 tonnes in 2003. At the same time the import of frozen mince/meat decreased by 21.4 percent to 8 000 tonnes and the overall unit value fell by more than 12 percent. The import of frozen fillets from Russia decreased by 36.9 percent to 22 000 tonnes, while the import from the USA increased by 64.3 percent to 51 000 tonnes in 2004 compared with 2003. Table 20. German Import of Alaska Pollock/Pollock, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Price/EURO 2003 2004 % 2003 Total 136,470 144,566 5.9% 1.90 Fillets frozen 126,314 136,674 8.2% 1.93 Meat/mince frozen 9,881 7,763 -21.4% 1.47 Whole fresh 133 100 -24.8% 2.41 Whole frozen 142 29 -79.6% 3.25

2004 1.67 1.70 1.03 2.81 4.34

Source: Eurostat Table 21. German Import of Frozen Fillets of Alaska Pollock, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 2004 % Total 126,314 136,674 8.2% China 58,020 59,226 2.1% USA 31,146 51,171 64.3% Russia 34,828 21,966 -36.9% UK 1,006 2,308 129.4% Denmark 275 1,536 458.5%

Source: Eurostat

% -12.1% -11.9% -29.9% 16.6% 33.5%

France 2004 The total French import of Alaska pollock/pollock increased by 10.6 percent to 50 000 tonnes in 2004, with a notable increase in the frozen fillet category, up 5.7 percent to 41 000 tonnes. There was also an increase in import of whole fresh fish, mostly derived from the UK, but also originating from Sweden and other EU15 countries. This is likely to be pollock rather than Alaska pollock. Table 22. French Import of Alaska Pollock/Pollock, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Price/EURO 2003 2004 % 2003 Total 45,309 50,114 10.6% 2.06 Fillets frozen 38,907 41,127 5.7% 2.14 Meat/mince frozen 4,807 4,550 -5.3% 1.13 Whole fresh 1,584 4,421 179.1% 2.94 Whole frozen 11 16 45.5% 1.00

2004 1.75 1.89 1.15 1.13 1.81

% -15.0% -11.7% 1.8% -61.6% 81.0%

Source: Eurostat France maintained a high import level of frozen Alaska pollock fillets from China in 2004, increasing its purchase by nearly 3 percent to 15 000 tonnes. Imports from the USA increased by 29.3 percent to 10 000 tonnes, while imports from Russia decreased by 42.1 percent to 3 000 tonnes. Table 23. French Import of Frozen Fillets of Alaska Pollock, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 2004 % Total 38,907 41,127 5.7% China 14,435 14,853 2.9% USA 7,731 9,997 29.3% Russia 5,040 2,919 -42.1% Other 11,701 13,358 14.2%

Source: Eurostat Netherlands 2004 The Netherlands increased its import of frozen Alaska pollock filets by 79.6 percent to 19 000 tonnes between 2003 and 2004 with the majority originating from the USA. At the same time the re-export increased by more than 2 000 tonnes. Table 24. Netherlands Import of Alaska Pollock/Pollock, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Price/EURO 2003 2004 % 2003 Total 10,438 18,747 79.6% 2.09 Fillets frozen 9,912 17,942 81.0% 2.13 Meat/mince frozen 422 607 43.8% 1.41 Whole frozen 46 198 330.4% 2.41 Whole fresh 58 0.40

Source: Eurostat

2004 1.79 1.82 0.93 1.94

% -14.4% -14.6% -34.0% -19.5%

2.2.1. EU15 Import of Surimi Global surimi production is estimated to be between 550 000 tonnes and 600 000 tonnes, with approximately half of the volume based on Alaska pollock. Other species used for surimi production are threadfin bream (itoyori), atka mackerel, hoki, blue whiting and cod. The largest surimi producers are the USA, Thailand and Japan, while the largest consumers are Japan at around 400 000 tonnes and South Korea at around 100 000 tonnes. The USA and some EU15 countries, notably France, consume substantial quantities of surimi. Japan imports 300 000 tonnes each year and South Korea imports 100 000 tonnes, making these two countries the largest importers of surimi. Europe and especially France is one of the fastest growing markets. Figure 19. EU15 Import of Surimi from Third Countries, Volume 80 70

1000 MT

60 50 frozen

prepared

30 20 10 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat The EU15 net import of surimi products increased from 23 000 tonnes in 1994 to 80 000 tonnes in 2003, but there was a 4 percent decrease in 2004 to 77 000 tonnes. Approximately two thirds of the import in the past few years has been preparations of surimi, with the remaining one third frozen surimi. Spain was the largest net importer in the EU15 from 1995 to 2004, when France, the fastest growing market took the lead, importing nearly 26 000 tonnes compared with Spainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 21 000 tonnes. France imports mostly frozen surimi while Spain imports surimi preparations. The UK had a net import of 10 000 tonnes and Italy 9 000 tonnes of surimi in 2004, representing an increase for both countries. Table 25. EU15 Countries Net Import of Surimi, MT 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 9,454 11,248 12,249 France 7,512 8,615 6,809 10,902 13,184 17,999 21,467 Spain 1,465 609 2,224 3,563 3,540 UK 2,839 2,872 3,773 5,110 5,775 Italy 2,302 4,687 6,468 8,072 8,521 Other

1999 15,744 22,880 6,890 7,330 9,663

2000 11,711 21,623 8,237 7,324 10,913

2001 14,259 23,200 8,981 7,996 9,997

2002 18,771 20,469 8,310 6,815 7,792

2003 21,242 22,331 8,830 7,993 13,058

2004 25,979 20,730 10,275 8,950 16,452

Source: Eurostat France exports/re-exports between 1 000 tonnes and 2 000 tonnes of surimi each year compared with Spain, which exports/re-exports 3 000 tonnes to 4 000 tonnes. In 2004 Italy, Netherlands and Germany exported/re- exported more than 1 000 tonnes. The large Belgian import of surimi preparations is mainly re-exported to other EU15 countries. In 2004 France 36

increased its import of surimi by 5 000 tonnes to 28 000 tonnes, while Spain imported 1 500 tonnes less surimi. Table 26. EU15 Countries Import of Surimi, MT Frozen Frozen Prepared 2003 2004 2003 15,081 18,202 7,708 France 8,634 8,593 16,869 Spain 29 166 8,877 UK 1,514 1,385 7,661 Italy 185 222 13,846 Belgium 330 3,573 4,748 Netherlands 70 277 2,181 Portugal 1,984 1,181 1,279 Denmark 18 110 2,354 Sweden 156 326 2,433 Germany 43 69 570 Other

Prepared 2004 9,375 15,414 10,189 8,582 8,536 4,743 2,632 898 2,123 2,654 708

Total 2003 22,789 25,503 8,906 9,175 14,031 5,078 2,251 3,263 2,372 2,589

Total 2004 27,577 24,007 10,355 9,967 8,758 8,316 2,909 2,079 2,233 2,980

Source: Eurostat The EU15 imported roughly 150 million euros worth of surimi each year from third countries between 1999 and 2003. In 2004 unit values fell, leading to a consequent drop in the total import value to 120 million euros. The largest exporting country to the EU15 of frozen surimi in 2004 was the USA at 16 600, followed by Chile at 6 300 tonnes and the Faeroe Isles at 1 900 tonnes. While the USA has always been the largest exporter of frozen surimi to the EU15, Chile has grown in significance since 2002. Figure 20. EU15 Import of Frozen Surimi from Third Countries, Volume 30 25 Other

1000 MT

Thailand 15

Faroe Isles Chile

USA

5 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat The largest exporters to the EU15 of prepared surimi in 2004 were Thailand and China, the latter country finally taking over from South Korea as the second largest exporter. In 2002 and 2003 Lithuania picked up on a decreased market share by China, but returned to fourth position in 2004 as China got its exports back on track. Malaysia has always enjoyed a small market share, while India and Peru have developed their export market in the past few years.

Figure 21. EU15 Import of Surimi Preparations from Third Countries, MT 60 Other

Peru 1000 MT

India Malaysia

Lithuania South-Korea

China 10

Thailand

0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat In the frozen surimi market, import prices from the two major exporting countries into France decreased in 2003 and now hover just above the 1.00 euro/kg level. Before the fall in 2003, the USA commanded a higher unit price than Chile, but this price gap closed towards the end of 2004 and values remain broadly similar. Figure 22. French Import Prices on Frozen Surimi 2.50

EURO/Kg

2.00 1.50

USA Chile

1.00 0.50

Jan.02 Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. Jan.03 Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. Jan.04 Mar. Mai Jul. Sep. Nov. Jan.05

0.00

Source: Eurostat

After a sharp drop in the unit value of imports of surimi preparations from China, South Korea and Thailand in early 2004, prices into Spain remained stable for most of the year, before dropping further in early 2005. Throughout 2003 and 2004, there was roughly a 0.5 Euro/kg difference in the unit price of product from South Korea and Thailand compared with China, but at the start of 2005 this had narrowed and prices were broadly similar.

Figure 23. Spanish Import Prices on Surimi 3.00

EURO/Kg

2.50 2.00

China

1.50

South-Korea Thailand

1.00 0.50

Jan.02 Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. Jan.03 Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. Jan.04 Mar. Mai Jul. Sep. Nov. Jan.05

0.00

Source: Eurostat Figure 24. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Frozen Alaska Pollock Fillet and Frozen Surimi

2.50

EURO/Kg

2.00 1.50

AP frozen fillet

1.00

Surimi frozen

0.50

2004

2002 2003

2001

1999 2000

1998

1997

1995 1996

1994

0.00

Source: Eurostat Figure 25. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Frozen Alaska Pollock Fillet and Frozen Surimi 2.50

EURO/Kg

2.00 1.50

AP frozen fillet Surimi frozen

1.00 0.50

Jan.05

Nov.

Sep.

Jul.

Mai

Mar.

Jan.04

Nov.

Sep.

Jul.

May

Mar.

Jan.03

0.00

Source: Eurostat

2.3. Hake There are many different species of hake and in this report the definitions and figures from â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture productionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; are used, and are defined below. Name Argentine Hake Benguela Hake Cape Hake/Shallow-water Cape Hake (= Cape Hake) European Hake North Pacific Hake Offshore Silver Hake Panama Hake Red Hake Senegalese Hake Silver Hake South Pacific Hake Southern Hake White Hake Hakes nei (= Hake, not elsewhere included)

Scientific Name(s) Merluccius hubbsi Merluccius polli Merluccius paradox / Merluccius capensis Merluccius merluccius Merluccius productus Merluccius albidus Merluccius angustimanus Urophychis chuss Merluccius senegalensis Merluccius bilinearis Merluccius gayi Merluccius australis Urophychis tenuis Merluccius spp.

The total catch of hake was 272 000 tonnes in 1950, increasing to 1.7 million tonnes in 1967. From 1967 to 1979 catches varied between 1.3 millions tonnes and 2.2 million tonnes, while from 1980 onwards the haul ranged from 1.1 million tonnes to 1.7 million tonnes, with peaks in 1988 and 1997. Since 1999 the catch has been stable at around 1.1 million tonnes with a total catch of 1.16 million tonnes in 2003. The main species caught are Argentine hake and Cape hake. North Pacific hake and South Pacific hake are also important commercial species. European hake represents the fifth largest catch and silver hake has declined in importance since the 1960s and 1970s. Figure 26. World Catches of Hake by Species, 1950 -2003 2,400

1000 MT

2,000 1,600 1,200 800 400

Argentine hake

Cape hakes

North Pacific hake

South Pacific hake

European hake

Southern hake

Silver hake

Other

2001

1998

1995

1992

1989

1986

1983

1980

1977

1974

1971

1968

1965

1962

1959

1956

1953

1950

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The USSR/Russian federation was the most important catching nation for hake in the 1960s and 1970s with hauls of Cape hake and silver hake, together with Spain, which caught mainly Cape hake and European hake. In the past decade, Argentina has been the most important

nation with yearly catches between 200 000 tonnes and 600 000 tonnes, mostly of Argentine hake supplemented with Southern hake. Namibia was the second largest catching nation in 2003, having increased its catch of Cape hake from 28 000 tonnes in 1990 to 192 000 tonnes in 2003. The third largest catching nation is the USA, which caught around 140 000 tonnes of North Pacific hake in 2003, although this represented a major decrease from 228 000 tonnes in 1998. The USA had annual catches of Silver hake in the 1950s and the 1960s of around 50 000 tonnes, but this decreased to 9 000 tonnes in 2003. The USA also catches a few thousand tonnes of white hake each year. Figure 27. World Catches of Hake by Country, 1950 -2003 2,400 2,000

1000 MT

1,600 1,200 800 400

2001

1998

1995

1992

1989

1986

1983

1980

1977

1974

1971

1968

1965

1962

1959

1956

1953

1950

Argentina

Namibia

United States of America

Chile Uruguay

South Africa USSR/Rus. Fed.

Spain Other

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Chile shares the stock of South Pacific hake with Peru and while the Chilean catch increased from 53 000 tonnes in 1990 to 118 000 tonnes in 2003, the Peruvian catch decreased from 127 000 tonnes to 7 000 tonnes in the same period. Chile is also the main catching nation for southern hake although the catch decreased from 44 000 tonnes in 1979 to 27 000 tonnes in 2003. South Africa has catches of Cape hake which increased from 48 000 tonnes in 1950 to 183 000 tonnes in 1985 and decreased to 139 000 tonnes in 2003. Uruguay shares the Argentine hake stock with Argentina and while its catch has been variable, it never exceeded 100 000 tonnes and decreased from 96 000 tonnes in 1991 to 35 000 tonnes in 2003. Other important catching nations for hake in the past decade have been Canada with 22 000 tonnes in 2001 decreasing to 15 000 tonnes in 2003 and two EU15 countries; Italy with 38 000 tonnes in 1995 decreasing to 11 000 tonnes in 2003, and France with 24 000 tonnes in 1991 decreasing to 13000 tonnes in 2003. EU15 countries import most of their hake from Namibia, Argentina and South Africa, with smaller amounts coming from Chile and Uruguay. Peruâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dominance of the market declined in 2003 and 2004 but it remains an important exporter. Other countries exporting hake to the EU15 are Canada, Morocco, USA, New Zealand and Falkland Islands. The EU15 import of hake was 222 000 tonnes in 1991, increasing to 257 000 tonnes in 1994. Since then it has been between 240 000 tonnes and 270 000 tonnes per year. The import of frozen fillets of hake increased slowly from 102 000 tonnes in 1991 to 116 000 tonnes in 2004,

while the import of frozen meat/mince increased from 9 000 tonnes in 1991 to 23 000 tonnes in 2004 and the import of frozen whole fish decreased from 104 000 tonnes in 1991 to 66 000 tonnes in 2004. There has been an increasing trend for the frozen whole fish import to be replaced by an increasing import of fresh/chilled whole fish and this category rose from 7 000 tonnes in 1991 to 55 000 tonnes in 2000. In 2004 the import of fresh/chilled whole fish was 52 000 tonnes. Figure 28. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Hake Products, Volume 280

280 Other

240

200

Canada

160

Uruguay

120

Chile

1000 MT

240

Peru

200

South Africa

fresh/chilled whole

160

frozen meat/mince

120

frozen fillets frozen whole

Argentina

Namibia

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Source: Eurostat The unit values of frozen fillets of hake, frozen whole fish and frozen meat/mince increased from the mid 1990s until 2001, when they began a downward price trend. During this period, frozen fillets enjoyed a 0.5 euros/kg price advantage over the other two categories and maintained that position into 2005. The fresh/chilled category experienced a substantial drop in price in the early 1990s, down from 4.50 euros/kg to 2.00 euros/kg, but has since risen to stabilise around the 3.00 euros/kg mark.

5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00

frozen whole frozen fillets frozen meat/mince

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

fresh/chilled whole

1991

EURO/Kg

Figure 29. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Unit Value of Chilled/Frozen Hake Products

Source: Eurostat Spain remains the main importer/net-importer and consumer of hake in the EU15, with an import from third countries rising from 148 000 tonnes in 1996 to 165 000 tonnes in 2004. Italy increased its import from third countries from 22 000 tonnes to 31 000 tonnes in the same period, Germany from 17 000 tonnes to 25 000 tonnes, and France from 11 000 tonnes to 19 000 tonnes. Spain exports/re-exports a relatively large share of its annual import/catch of hake, mainly to Portugal, but also to other EU15 countries. Spain increased its net import of hake from 113 000 tonnes in 1996 to 120 000 tonnes in 2004. Portugal and Italy are the next largest net importers. Portugal imported between 33 000 tonnes and 37 000 tonnes in this period, mostly of frozen whole fish, while Italy imported between 33 000 tonnes and 39 000 tonnes, mainly of frozen fillets in recent years and frozen whole fish in the early nineties.

Germany and France had an annual net import during the period of between 16 000 tonnes and 24 000 tonnes, mostly of frozen fillets. Table 27. EU15 Countries; Import of Hake from Third Countries, MT 1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Spain

148,308

156,886

167,156

162,280

151,591

170,048

163,022

174,029

164,967

Italy

30,200

26,044

28,570

28,679

22,299

26,081

31,339

26,830

28,127

Germany

25,508

21,776

18,726

20,658

18,831

20,397

23,896

17,228

23,514

France

18,991

16,176

16,694

15,656

13,044

13,508

11,891

11,568

13,005

Portugal

8,197

8,600

8,794

7,732

8,515

9,446

8,376

8,899

8,188

Netherlands

17,411

15,725

11,295

9,813

8,269

6,671

5,942

7,737

7,970

United Kingdom

6,813

4,732

6,192

6,879

6,584

4,330

6,140

5,576

4,391

Others

9,011

10,555

10,891

11,650

11,544

10,376

7,189

8,856

7,360

Total

264,439

260,494

268,318

263,347

240,677

260,857

257,795

260,723

257,522

Source: Eurostat EU15 2004 The total EU15 import of hake from third countries decreased by 1.2 percent in 2004 to 258 000 tonnes. While the import of chilled\fresh whole fish and frozen meat/mince increased, the import of both frozen fillets and whole frozen fish decreased. Frozen fillets remained the most important product in 2004 with an import of 116 000 tonnes, and there was an import of 23 000 tonnes of frozen meat/mince. 52 000 tonnes of whole fresh fish was imported, together with 67 000 tonnes of whole frozen fish. The unit value of all products was lower in 2004 than in 2003, but the frozen meat/minced meat and frozen fillets categories experienced the greatest drop in price. Table 28. EU15 Import of Hake from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Price/EURO 2003 2004 % 2003 Total 260,723 257,522 -1.2% 2.41 Fillets frozen 122,873 116,029 -5.6% 2.44 Whole frozen 69,567 66,521 -4.4% 1.98 Whole fresh 49,570 52,226 5.4% 3.09 Meat/mince frozen 18,713 22,746 21.6% 1.99

2004 2.33 2.35 1.96 3.04 1.76

% -3.3% -3.7% -1.0% -1.6% -11.6%

Source: Eurostat In 2004, the EU15 import from Namibia decreased by 6.7 percent to 76 000 tonnes, from South Africa by 5.9 percent to 49 000 tonnes, and from Chile by 17.6 percent to 28 000 tonnes. This resulted in an increased demand for supplies from other countries. The gap was consequently filled by imports from Argentina, up 2.4 percent to 57 000 tonnes, by Uruguay, up 7.1 percent to 14 000 tonnes, and by Canada, up 42 percent to 10 000 tonnes. There were also notable increases from the USA, Morocco, Peru, and the Falkland Isles.

Table 29. EU15 Countries Import of Hake from Main Countries, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 2004 % Total 260,723 257,522 -1.2 Namibia 81,899 76,392 -6.7 Argentina 55,340 56,695 2.4 South-Africa 51,663 48,590 -5.9 Chile 34,133 28,132 -17.6 Uruguay 13,515 14,472 7.1 Canada 7,267 10,351 42.4 USA 3,975 5,529 39.1 Morocco 4234 4484 5.9 Peru 1368 3571 161.0 New Zealand 3404 3327 -2.3 Falkland Is 2171 2408 10.9 Russia 77 1472 1811.7

Source: Eurostat Spain was the most important importer of hake in 2004, accounting for 165 000 tonnes of the total import of 258 000 tonnes. However, the import decreased by 9 000 tonnes between 2003 and 2004. Spainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s net import of hake was 120 000 tonnes in 2004 which is 5.9 percent or 8 000 tonnes lower than in 2004. Italy increased its net import by 6 percent to 36 000 tonnes, Germany by 29.3 percent to 21 000 tonnes and France by 10.0 percent to 19 000 tonnes, while Portugal decreased its net import by 5.1 percent to 36 000 tonnes. Table 30. EU15 Countries Net Import of Hake, 2003 and 2004. Volume/MT 2003 2004 Spain 128,058 120,491 Italy 33,974 35,716 Portugal 36,616 34,187 Germany 16,533 21,384 France 17,360 19,095 Greece 3,959 4,056 Other 10,632 7,787

% -5.9% 5.1% -6.6% 29.3% 10.0% 2.5% -26.8%

Source: Eurostat The unit value of whole frozen hake has been relatively stable at around 2 euros/Kg since spring 2003, while the unit value of frozen fillets has been decreasing since summer 2004. The import price of whole chilled/fresh fish varied between 3 euros/kg and 3.5 euros/kg in the past couple of years, due to its seasonality and availability.

Figure 30. EU15 Countries Import of Hake from Third Countries, Product prices 4.00 3.50

EURO/Kg

3.00 2.50

Whole chilled

2.00

Fillet frozen

1.50

Whole frozen

1.00 0.50 Nov.

jan.05

Jul.

Sep.

May

Mar.

Nov.

Jan.04

Jul.

Sep.

May

Mar.

Jan.03

0.00

Source: Eurostat

Figure 31. EU15 Countries Import of Frozen Hake Fillets from Most Important Countries, Prices 4.00 3.50

EURO/Kg

3.00 Namibia

2.50

South-Africa

2.00

Argentina

1.50

Chile

1.00 0.50 jan.05

Nov.

Sep.

Jul.

May

Mar.

Jan.04

Nov.

Jul.

Sep.

May

Mar.

Jan.03

0.00

Source: Eurostat

Figure 32. EU15 Countries Import of Whole Frozen Hake from Most Important Countries, Prices 4.50 4.00

EURO/Kg

3.50 3.00

Namibia

2.50

South-Africa

2.00

Argentina

1.50

Chile

1.00 0.50 jan.05

Nov.

Sep.

Jul.

May

Mar.

Jan.04

Nov.

Sep.

Jul.

May

Mar.

Jan.03

0.00

Source: Eurostat

Figure 33. EU15 Countries Import of Chilled Whole Hake from Most Important Countries, Prices 6.00

EURO/Kg

5.00 Namibia

4.00

South-Africa

3.00

Chile Canada

2.00

Morocco

1.00 Nov.

jan.05

Jul.

Sep.

May

Mar.

Nov.

Jan.04

Jul.

Sep.

May

Mar.

Jan.03

0.00

Source: Eurostat Spain 2004 The Spanish import of fresh/chilled whole hake increased by 4.3 percent in 2004 to 61 000 tonnes. Imports from the largest supplier South Africa decreased, while the import from Chile, Canada, Namibia and Morocco increased. The import volume of frozen fillets was 52 000 tonnes in 2004, down 3.7 percent on 2003. The three largest suppliers also decreased their supply, with Namibia dropping by 20.4 percent to 33 000 tonnes. The Spanish import of whole frozen fish decreased by 3.7 percent to 52 000 tonnes in 2004. It increased by 1 000 tonnes from Namibia, but decreased from Argentina by almost 4 000 tonnes. In the frozen meat/mince category there was an increase in the import of 10.4 percent to almost 15 000 tonnes, most of which originated from Namibia. Table 31. Spanish Import of Hake from Most Important Countries, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Price/EURO 2003 2004 % 2003 2004 % Total 187,817 179,647 -4.3 2.54 2.54 0.0 Whole fresh 58,106 60,613 4.3 3.24 3.17 -2.2 South-Africa 17,950 15,525 -13.5 3.49 3.85 10.3 Chile 10,736 11,319 5.4 3.51 3.29 -6.3 Canada 7,083 9,954 40.5 3.89 3.98 2.3 Namibia 4,638 5,383 16.1 1.14 1.19 4.4 Morocco 4,160 4,425 6.4 3.46 3.23 -6.6 Fillets frozen 62,547 52,480 -16.1 2.40 2.41 0.4 Namibia 41,801 33,261 -20.4 2.62 2.66 1.5 Argentina 12,575 11,333 -9.9 1.48 1.50 1.4 South-Africa 4,627 4,242 -8.3 2.57 2.60 1.2 Whole frozen 53,861 51,861 -3.7 2.07 2.09 1.0 Namibia 15,334 16,319 6.4 1.58 1.61 1.9 Argentina 14,112 10,517 -25.5 1.77 1.74 -1.7 South-Africa 9,198 9,309 1.2 2.05 1.97 -3.9 Chile 8,496 8,417 -0.9 3.37 3.37 0.0 New Zealand 2,758 2,969 7.7 2.99 3.11 4.0 Meat/mince frozen 13,303 14,693 10.4 2.09 2.03 -2.9 Namibia 8,178 9,664 18.2 2.07 2.05 -1.0 Argentina 2,423 2,648 9.3 1.59 1.76 10.7 South-Africa 1,727 1,531 -11.3 2.22 1.97 -11.3

Source: Eurostat

2.4. Hoki Only two species are discussed under the name hoki; Patagonian grenadier (Macruronus magellanicus) and blue grenadier (Macruronus novaezelandiae). Only blue grenadiers are registered with their own HS/CN Codes in the EU-trade statistics, which limits the trade discussion here. The catch of hoki took off in the mid 1980s and rose to around 100 000 tonnes in 1985. Since then the catch has only dropped below 400 000 tonnes in two years, and was at a level of more than 500 000 tonnes for eight years. It peaked in 1998 at 799 000 tonnes and in 1999 at 728 000 tonnes. In 2003 it was 420 000 tonnes. Figure 34. World Catches of Hoki by Species, 1970 -2003 800 700

1000 MT

600 500 Patagonian grenadier

400

Blue grenadier

300 200 100 2002

2000

1998

1996

1994

1992

1990

1988

1986

1984

1982

1980

1978

1976

1974

1972

1970

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The catch of blue grenadier took off in1986 and has varied between 200 000 tonnes and 300 000 tonnes since. It peaked in 1998 at 325 000 tonnes, but had decreased to 211 000 tonnes by 2003. The main catching nation in the 1980s was Japan, but New Zealand took over this position in the mid 1990s and remains the major catching nation today. In 2003 New Zealand caught 181 000 tonnes, Ukraine caught 11 000 tonnes, the Republic of Korea caught 10 000 tonnes and Australia caught 9 000 tonnes. Figure 35. World Catches of Hoki (Blue Grenadier) by Country, 1970 -2003 350 300 1000 MT

250

Other USSR/Rus.Fed.

200

Japan New Zealand

150 100 50 2002

2000

1998

1996

1994

1992

1990

1988

1986

1984

1982

1980

1978

1976

1974

1972

1970

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The catch of Patagonian grenadier took off at the same time as the catch of blue grenadier, and in 1986 more than 78 000 tonnes was landed, rising to 349 000 tonnes in 1988. The catch has since varied between 400 000 tonnes and 100 000 tonnes, and declined from 297 000 tonnes in 2001 to 209 000 tonnes in 2003. The main catching nation for Patagonian grenadier is Chile and in the 1970s it was virtually the sole catcher and supplier. Argentina came onto 47

the supply scene in 1992 and has been growing in importance. Other countries catching/supplying hoki include the USSR/Russian Federation, Bulgaria, Poland and the Ukraine. In 2003 Argentina caught 98 000 tonnes, Chile caught 85 000 tonnes, Spain caught 11 000 tonnes and the Falkland Isles caught 10 000 tonnes of Patagonian grenadier. Figure 36. World Catches of Hoki (Patagonian Grenadier) by Country, 1978 -2003 500 450

1000 MT

400 350 300

Other

250 200

Chile Argentina

150 100 50 2002

2000

1998

1996

1994

1992

1990

1988

1986

1984

1982

1980

1978

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The EU15 import of blue grenadier increased from less than 4 000 tonnes in 1995, which was the first year for which the EU has specific trade statistics on hoki, to 25 000 tonnes in 1999. Since then it has ranged between 15 000 tonnes and 20 000 tonnes, but in 2004 was down to 12 000 tonnes. Statistics only exist for frozen fillets and frozen whole blue grenadier, but it is unlikely that there is a substantial import of fresh product. The import was higher in 1998 and 1999, up to 25 000 tonnes, which corresponds to years when higher than average catches were made. Virtually all the import originates from New Zealand, but there was a small import from Australia of 280 tonnes in 2004. In the 1990s minor amounts were also imported from China, Argentina, Chile, and Thailand, although this may be Patagonian grenadier rather than blue grenadier.

Other Australia

New Zealand

1000 MT

Figure 37. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Frozen Hoki (Blue Grenadier) Products, Volume

15 10

0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

frozen fillets frozen whole

Source: Eurostat Almost all of the blue grenadier import is frozen fillets, but there was a small import of frozen whole fish between 1995 and 1998, which varied between 39 tonnes and 450 tonnes. The unit value of frozen fillets of blue grenadier increased from 1.52 euros/kg in 1995 to 2.76 euros/kg in 2000. It remained at this level until 2003 when it went reduced to 2.50 euros/kg, rising to 2.61 euros/kg in 2004.

Figure 38. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Frozen Hoki (Blue Grenadier) Products Prices 4.00 3.50

EURO/Kg

3.00 2.50 frozen whole

2.00

frozen fillets

1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat France and Germany are the two main countries importing blue grenadier from New Zealand, but Denmark and the UK also imported more than 1 000 tonne in 2004. France and Germany also have the largest net import and thereby consumption of blue grenadier fillets. France has been the largest net importer since 1996, and currently imports between 4 000 tonnes and 8 000 tonnes each year. The German import has varied in the past few years between 3,000 tonnes and 12 000 tonnes. Denmark increased its net import to 3 000 tonnes in 2003, dropping to 1 900 tonnes in 2004. EU15 2004 The EU15 countries imported 41 percent less frozen fillets of blue grenadier from third countries in 2004 than in 2003. In the same period the whole frozen category increased by 280 percent, which corresponded with a decrease in unit value of 44 percent. The average price of frozen fillets rose in that time by 4.4 percent to 2.61 euros/kg. Table 32. EU15 Import of Hoki (Blue Grenadier) from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Price/EURO 2003 2004 % 2003 2004 % Total 20,096 12,002 -40.3% 2.50 2.58 3.2% Fillets frozen 20,046 11,812 -41.1% 2.50 2.61 4.4% Whole frozen 50 190 280.0% 1.88 1.05 -44.1%

Source: Eurostat Table 33. EU15 Countries Import of Hoki (Blue Grenadier) from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Change % 2003 2004 Total 20,096 12,002 -40.3% France 6,125 3,896 -36.4% German 6,900 2,564 -62.8% Denmark 2,685 1,894 -29.5% United Kingdom 1,132 984 -13.1% Sweden 590 842 42.7% Other 2,664 1,822 -31.6%

Source: Eurostat Within the overall EU15 import decrease of 40 percent, the French net import decreased by 27 percent, the Danish by 30 percent and the German by 52 percent. The UK, Italy and Sweden were the only countries to increase their export by a few hundred tonnes.

Table 34. EU15 Countries Net Import of Hoki (Blue Grenadier), 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Change % 2003 2004 France 7,562 5,502 -27.2% Germany 6,024 2,924 -51.5% Denmark 2,700 1,878 -30.4% Italy 794 1,541 94.1% United Kingdom 876 1,538 75.6% Sweden 785 1,277 62.7% Other 1,557 1,532 -1.6%

Source: Eurostat Table 35. EU15 Import of Hoki (Blue Grenadier) from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Price/EURO 2003 2004 % 2003 2004 % Total 20,096 12,002 -40.3% 2.50 2.58 3.2% New Zealand 18,004 11,173 -37.9% 2.54 2.60 2.4% Australia 1,615 280 -82.7% 2.16 2.50 15.7%

Source: Eurostat There was almost no export of blue grenadier from Australia to the EU15 in 2004. The export from New Zealand decreased by 38 percent, and the unit value of frozen fillets showed an increasing trend towards the end of 2004. Figure 39. EU15 Import of Frozen Hoki (Blue Grenadier) Fillets, Unit Value from Most Important Countries 3.50

EURO/Kg

3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50

New Zealand

Mar.

jan.05

Nov.

Sep.

Jul.

May

Mar.

Jan.04

Nov.

Sep.

Jul.

May

Mar.

Jan.03

1.00

Australia

Source: Eurostat

2.5. Haddock World total catches of haddock decreased from more than 600 000 tonnes in 1973 to between 200 000 tonnes and 300 000 tonnes in the past few years. There was an increase in the catch from 213 000 tonnes in 2000 to 282 000 tonnes in 2003. Haddock is one of the most important groundfish species caught and consumed in Europe. The EU15 has traditionally caught large quantities of haddock, rising from 100 000 tonnes to 200 000 tonnes between 1950-1977 and varying between 200 000 tonnes and 300 000 tonnes between 1978-1990. In the past decade this catch reduced to around 100 000 tonnes per year or less. The catch in

2002 was 76 000 tonnes, and in 2003 was 63 000 tonnes, while the quota in 2004 was 81 000 tonnes and in 2005 was 85 000 tonnes. The UK catches the majority of the haddock, with a few thousand tonnes also caught by Denmark, France, Ireland, Germany and Sweden. Figure 40. World Catches of Haddock by Country, 1950 -2003 1000 900 800

1000 MT

700 600 500 400 300 200 100

EU15

Iceland

Norway

USSR/Rus Fed

Faeroe Islands

Canada

2002

2000

1998

1996

1994

1992

1990

1988

1986

1984

1982

1980

1978

1976

1974

1972

1970

1968

1966

1964

1962

1960

1958

1956

1954

1952

1950

Other

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Norway and Iceland have a substantial catch, with Russia and the Faeroe Islands catching smaller but significant amounts. In 2003 Norway and Iceland both caught around 60 000 tonnes and in 2004 Iceland caught 84 000 tonnes and Norway caught 64 000 tonnes. The Russian catch in 2003 was 46 000 tonnes and the Faeroese was 30 000 tonnes. Haddock, together with cod and saithe, are the most important species for the Faeroese fish industry. Canada is also a large catching nation, landing between 7 000 tonnes and 15 000 tonnes per year since 1993. In 2003 the Canadian catch was 16 000 tonnes and in 2004 the quota was 20 000 tonnes. According to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;www.fis.comâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (11 January 2005) there is an unexplained boom in the haddock population on the St Georges Bank and the Canadian industry is talking about growing the catch by 1000 percent in the next three years, with a ten-fold increase in the quota. (Source: The Directorate of Fisheries (Norway) and Iceland Statistics.) Table 36. EU15; Catches of Haddock, MT 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 66 70 105 112 105 108

1997 109

1998 105

1999 87

2000 67

2001 64

2002 76

2003 63

FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The UK is both the largest catching nation for haddock in the EU15 and the largest importer, purchasing between 30 000 tonnes and 60 000 tonnes per year since 1996. Denmark also imports more than 10 000 tonnes of haddock each year, most of which is for re-export (transit)/processing and is exported to the UK and other EU15 countries. Table 37. EU15 Countries; Import of Haddock from Third Countries, MT 1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

United Kingdom

45,002

41,818

37,264

35,668

30,916

38,477

39,331

48,768

58,556

Denmark

11,894

12,523

12,391

9,788

11,682

12,199

10,742

12,888

13,498

Sweden

847

1,414

1,398

1,378

2,039

2,731

3,239

2,891

3,451

Netherlands

251

179

549

171

166

288

394

517

1,960

Germany

2,777

2,730

2,132

1,349

1,301

578

1,098

1,389

1,159

Other

313

308

766

242

647

325

303

588

444

Total

61,084

58,972

54,500

48,596

46,751

54,598

55,107

67,041

79,068

Source: Eurostat

Figure 41. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Haddock Products, Volume 80

80 70

70 Other

China Russia Faroe Isles Iceland

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

0 1993

10 1992

frozen whole

Norway

1991

frozen fillets

1995

frozen meat/mince

1994

fresh/chilled whole

1993

1992

1000 MT

Source: Eurostat EU15 countries import fresh whole and frozen whole haddock and frozen fillets, the latter of which is now the largest category. The total import has varied from 40 000 tonnes to 80 000 tonnes per year in the last decade. Haddock is mostly imported from Norway, Iceland and the Faeroe Isles, but Russia has also become an important player in the past 5 years and China had an export of 4 000 tonnes in 2004. The unit value of haddock products was at its lowest in 1997 and highest from 2000 to 2002, but has since declined, especially in the frozen fillet category. Figure 42. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Haddock Products, Prices 6.00

EURO/Kg

5.00 4.00 frozen whole 3.00

frozen fillets fresh/chilled whole

2.00 1.00

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

0.00

Source: Eurostat

EU15 2004 The EU15 import of haddock was up 17 percent overall in 2004 on the same period in 2003. The frozen whole fish import increased by 39.8 percent and the volume of frozen fillets and whole fresh fish also increased considerably. The average unit value was lower in 2004, by 6.5 percent on fresh whole fish and by 7.8 percent on frozen whole fish. The frozen fillet price increased in the same period by 1.7 percent.

Table 38. EU15 Import of Haddock from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Price/EURO 2003 2004 % 2003 2004 Total 67,041 79,068 17.9 2.19 2.11 Whole fresh 36,907 42,863 16.1 1.70 1.59 Fillets frozen 19,911 22,610 13.6 3.45 3.51 Whole frozen 8,853 12,376 39.8 1.54 1.42 Meat/mince frozen 1,370 1,219 -11.0 1.16 1.33

% -3.7 -6.5 1.7 -7.8 14.7

Source: Eurostat The UK, as the largest importer of haddock, is responsible for most of the increase in import. However, Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands also increased their import in 2004 with an additional 10 000 tonnes of haddock coming from Iceland and 3 000 tonnes from Norway. UK 2004 The UK increased its import of haddock by 17.4 percent in 2004 and there was a change of emphasis on supplier. A 90 percent increase was seen in the import of fresh whole haddock from Iceland, up from 8 000 tonnes to 16 000 tonnes and a decrease in import of fresh whole haddock by 2 000 tonnes from the Faeroe Islands. The import of whole frozen haddock increased, mostly from Norway, together with the import of frozen fillets from Iceland. Table 39. UK Import of Haddock 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 Whole fresh Total 27,036 Whole fresh Iceland 8,382 Whole fresh Faroe Islands 14,631 Whole frozen Total 8,801 Whole frozen Norway 3,933 Whole frozen Russia 4,326 Whole frozen Faroe Islands 55 Whole frozen Iceland 0 Whole frozen Denmark 307 Fillets frozen Total 20,148 Fillets frozen Iceland 5,828 Fillets frozen Norway 4,470 Fillets frozen China 3,554 Fillets frozen Faroe Islands 2,377 Fillets frozen Denmark 1,710 Fillets frozen Russia 1,662 Meat/mince frozen Total 507 Meat/mince frozen Faroe Islands 233 Meat/mince frozen Iceland 181 Total Total 56,492

2004 31,748 15,999 12,832 10,065 5,748 3,396 599 136 115 23,106 7,958 4,737 2,945 2,892 2,197 1,279 527 201 159 65,445

% 17.4 90.9 -12.3 14.4 46.1 -21.5 989.1 -62.5 14.7 36.5 6.0 -17.1 21.7 28.5 -23.0 3.9 -13.7 -12.2 15.8

Source: UK trade statistics The unit value of whole fresh haddock experienced an upward trend in the last half of 2004, following a strong downward trend from summer 2002 to summer 2003. On whole fresh haddock, the import price from Iceland was higher than that from the Faeroe Islands for most of 2003 and 2004. Towards the end of 2004 the difference was closed to 0.5 euros/kg. On

whole frozen haddock the downward trend stopped during summer 2003 and has since been more stable, with an upward trend towards the end of 2004. Russian whole frozen haddock was cheaper than Norwegian by approximately 0.5 euros during most of the period. Figure 43. UK Import prices of Whole Fresh Haddock 3.00 2.50

E U R O /K g

2.00 Iceland

1.50

Faroe Islands

1.00 0.50

Jan. 02 M ar. M ai J u l. Sep. Nov. Jan.03 M ar. M ai J u l. Sep. Nov. Jan.04 M ar. M ai J u l. Sep. Nov.

0.00

Source: UK trade statistics Norway and Iceland, the two main countries exporting haddock fillets to the UK, received approximately the same price for their fillets throughout most of the period, with Norwegian fillets having the edge. Following a strong downward trend until summer 2003, prices became stable and there was an upward trend for the last half of 2004. In the past few years China has been in competition with the Europeans, delivering frozen fillets of haddock to the UK at prices substantially below those of European countries. Towards the end of 2004 the difference was more than 1 euro/kg. Figure 44. UK Import prices of Whole Frozen Haddock 3.5 3

EURO/Kg

2.5 2

Norway Russia

1.5 1 0.5

Nov.

J u l.

Source: UK trade statistics

Sep.

Mai

M ar.

Nov.

Jan.04

J u l.

Sep.

Mai

M ar.

Nov.

Jan.03

J u l.

Sep.

Mai

M ar.

Jan.02

Figure 45. UK Import prices of Frozen Haddock Fillets 6

EURO/Kg

4 Iceland 3

Norway China

Nov.

Jul.

Sep.

Mai

Mar.

Nov.

Jan.04

Jul.

Sep.

Mai

Mar.

Nov.

Jan.03

Jul.

Sep.

Mai

Mar.

Jan.02

Source: UK trade statistics

2.6. Saithe Saithe (Pollachius virens) is a groundfish mainly caught and consumed in Europe. Traditionally the EU15 countries, Norway, Iceland, Faeroe Islands and Canada have been the large catching nations. In 2003 Norway caught 212 000 tonnes, Iceland caught 52 000 tonnes, The Faeroe Islands caught 51 000 tonnes and Canada caught 9 000 tonnes. In the 1970s the USSR and Poland also had large catches. Total catches in the 1950s were between 200 000 tonnes and 300 000 tonnes per year, rising to a peak of 700 000 tonnes in the mid-1970s, then slowly decreasing to a total catch of 391 000 tonnes in 2003. Figure 46. World Catches of Saithe by Country, 1950 -2003 800 700

1000 MT

600 500 400 300 200 100 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Norway

EU15

Iceland

Faeroe Islands

Canada

Other

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production EU15 catches have mirrored this pattern, with 102 000 tonnes caught in 1950, 364 000 tonnes in 1976, 52 000 tonnes in 1998 and 56 000 tonnes in 2003. The major catching nations in the EU15 are Germany with a peak catch in 1976 of 120 000 tonnes, France with a peak catch in 1977 of 86 000 tonnes, Denmark with a peak catch in 1976 of 69 000 tonnes and the UK with a peak catch in 1971 of 61 000 tonnes. France had the largest catch in 2002 with 30 000 tonnes, Germany had 15 000 tonnes, UK had 12 000 tonnes and Denmark 6 000 tonnes. Saithe like cod is consumed as a fresh/frozen product and is also exported in large volumes as a cured product, mainly as klipfish, but also salted. This export goes mainly to Brazil and the

Caribbean. In 2004 Norway exported 40 000 tonnes of klipfish of saithe and salted saithe, while Iceland exported some 5 000 tonnes of cured saithe products. EU15 countries import large amounts of fresh/frozen saithe products, mostly from Norway, but also from the Faeroe Islands and Iceland. The import from Norway has decreased in the past few years while the import from the two other countries has increased. 28 000 tonnes was imported from Norway in 2004, 24 000 tonnes from the Faeroe Islands and 20 000 tonnes from Iceland. The total volume imported in 1992 and 1993 was around 98 000 tonnes, decreasing to 63 000 tonnes in 1996, then slowly increasing to 74 000 tonnes in 2004. A little more than half of the total volume was imported as frozen fillets/frozen fillet blocks, with the remainder as chilled whole fish, chilled fillets and frozen meat/mince. Figure 47. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Saithe Products, Volume 100 90

100 90 80

80 70

Other

60 50

Iceland Faroe Isles

1000 MT

Norway

30 20 10

fresh/chilled fillets

60 50 40

fresh/chilled whole

30 20

frozen whole

frozen meat/mince frozen fillets

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1993

10 0

1992

1000 MT

Source: Eurostat The EU15 unit values for saithe were relatively low between 1991 and 2004. Chilled whole fish fetched less than one euro/kg in most years, and a little more than one euro/kg in 1998. Frozen fillet fetched less than 2 euros/kg in the mid-1990s and reached a peak in 1998 of 2.88 euros/kg. It is currently on a downward trend, fetching just over 2 euros/kg at the end of 2004. It is interesting to note that the changing share of fillet blocks in the fillet category can influence the price of frozen fillets. The unit value of frozen meat/mince followed a similar pattern to that of frozen fillets, fetching just under 1 euro/kg in 1993 and 1.75 euros/kg during a peak in 2002, before entering a downward trend. Fresh fillet also followed a similar pattern, but showed a substantial rise in unit value at the end of 2002 and remained on that upward trend to reach just under 3.5 euros/kg in 2004. Figure 48. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Prices of Chilled/Frozen Saithe Products 3.50 3.00

EURO/Kg

2.50

frozen fillets

2.00

frozen meat/mince

1.50

fresh/chilled whole fresh/chilled fillets

1.00 0.50 2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

0.00

Source: Eurostat The EU15 country importing the most saithe from third countries was Germany until 1998, when Denmark took the lead. Denmark re-exports almost all of its import to other EU15

countries, mostly Germany and France. As the largest net importers of saithe in the EU15, France and Germany are also the largest consumers. Table 40. EU15 Countries; Import of Saithe from Third Countries, MT 1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Denmark

25,689

17,057

26,253

28,698

32,854

35,550

35,653

35,438

30,400

Germany

26,021

24,135

19,748

14,072

14,631

12,575

10,749

12,434

11,565

Netherlands

3,231

4,600

4,665

6,172

5,015

5,652

6,165

6,104

10,761

United Kingdom

5,646

6,437

5,109

5,793

4,154

4,594

6,029

8,179

9,959

Sweden

3,641

3,368

3,950

4,850

4,093

4,967

5,220

5,587

6,481

Other

7,794

7,717

5,486

4,315

5,602

7,845

5,221

5,551

5,024

Total

72,022

63,314

65,211

63,900

66,349

71,183

69,037

73,293

74,190

Source: Eurostat EU15 2004 In 2004 the EU15 imported 1 000 tonnes more saithe than in 2003 and there was a change of emphasis on product type. The import volume of frozen fillets and frozen meat/mince increased by 4 000 tonnes, fresh fillets increased by 1 000 tonnes, while whole fresh saithe decreased by 4 000 tonnes. In the same year, the import of frozen fillet from Norway decreased by 2 000 tonnes, while the import from Iceland increased by 4 000 tonnes. China exported 782 tonnes of saithe to the EU15 in 2004, an increase of 133 percent on 2003. Frozen fillets from China are considerably cheaper than frozen fillets from Norway, Iceland and the Faeroe Islands. There is a large price differences between suppliers in the fresh fillet category; expensive Icelandic fillets mostly go to the UK, while the cheaper Norwegian fillets go to Sweden and Denmark. The even cheaper Faeroese fillets go mostly to Denmark, but an increasing amount went to the UK in 2 Table 41. EU15 Import of Saithe from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004

Total Fillets fresh Fillets fresh Fillets fresh Fillets fresh Whole fresh Whole fresh Whole fresh Whole fresh Whole fresh Fillets frozen Fillets frozen Fillets frozen Fillets frozen Fillets frozen Meat/mince frozen Meat/mince frozen Meat/mince frozen Meat/mince frozen Whole frozen Whole frozen Whole frozen Whole frozen Source: Eurostat

Total Total Norway Faeroe Isles Iceland Total Norway Faeroe Isles Iceland Greenland Total Iceland Norway Faeroe Isles China Total Faeroe Isles Iceland Norway Total Norway Iceland Faeroe Isles

Volume/MT 2003 2004 73,293 74,190 2,728 4,013 1,213 1,918 848 1,206 667 874 28,140 23,952 14,292 12,141 11,901 9,389 388 1,348 902 1,033 36,820 38,862 12,245 16,156 14,322 12,177 9,404 9,024 336 782 3,806 5,929 3,053 4,385 548 1,036 205 484 1,799 1,434 1,212 1,162 160 129 382 82

% 1.2 47.1 58.1 42.2 31.0 -14.9 -15.1 -21.1 247.4 14.5 5.5 31.9 -15.0 -4.0 132.7 55.8 43.6 89.1 136.1 -20.3 -4.1 -19.4 -78.5

Price/EURO 2003 1.69 3.20 2.47 2.46 5.46 0.72 0.84 0.59 0.91 0.57 2.39 2.26 2.39 2.59 1.84 1.34 1.45 0.89 0.86 1.16 0.99 1.83 1.52

2004 1.67 3.43 2.51 2.45 6.82 0.77 0.91 0.59 0.89 0.55 2.09 1.97 2.09 2.35 1.73 1.53 1.32 2.62 0.97 1.13 1.02 2.05 1.68

% -1.2 7.2 1.6 -0.4 24.9 6.9 8.3 0.0 -2.2 -3.5 -12.6 -12.8 -12.6 -9.3 -6.0 14.2 -9.0 194.4 12.8 -2.6 3.0 12.0 10.5

In looking at the EU15 countriesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; import of saithe from third countries, it can be seen that Denmark had a much lower import in 2004 than in 2003, especially of fresh whole saithe. The Netherlands and the UK increased their import, with the Netherlands importing more frozen fillets and the UK importing more of both fresh whole fish and frozen fillets. Analysis of the net import figures for each country shows a change in where the imported saithe ends up for consumption. The French net import of saithe increased by 58 percent in 2004 to 28 000 tonnes, and the Netherlands net import increased by 98 percent to 10 000 tonnes. In the same period the German net import decreased by 26 percent to 14 000 tonnes. Table 42. EU15 countries; Net Import of Saithe, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 2004 France 17,505 27,625 Germany 18,827 14,023 Netherlands 4,951 9,810 United Kingdom 4,977 4,419 Spain 3,163 3,802 Finland 3,461 3,222 Belgium 1,598 1,858 Sweden 2,185 1,801 Denmark 1,583 -290

% 57.8% -25.5% 98.1% -11.2% 20.2% -6.9% 16.3% -17.6% -118.3%

Source: Eurostat The general price development on saithe in 2004 was downward, although prices rose slightly towards the end of the year. The unit value of the Faeroese and Norwegian chilled whole saithe followed the same pattern, but the Norwegian saithe was more expensive. Norwegian saithe is mainly imported by Denmark and Sweden, while Faeroese saithe is mainly imported by Denmark and the UK. The UK pays less than other countries for saithe, and Denmark pays less for Faeroese saithe than for Norwegian. Figure 49. EU15 Import of Fresh Whole Saithe, Prices from Most Important Countries 1.40 1.20 EURO/Kg

1.00 0.80

Norway

0.60

Faroe Isles

0.40 0.20 jan.05 Mar.

Sep. Nov.

May Jul.

Nov.

Jan.04 Mar.

Jul.

Sep.

May

Mar.

Jan.03

0.00

Source: Eurostat The unit value of frozen saithe fillets from the Faeroe Isles was slightly higher than that from Icelandic, and the Norwegian unit value rose and fell between the two. This is a difficult category to analyse since it includes a combination of fillets and blocks, which might vary from month to month. However the trend is clear. Following a price decrease in 2003 there was a period of stabilization, followed by an upward price move towards the end of 2004.

3.00 2.80 2.60 2.40 2.20 2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00

Iceland Norway

Mar.

Nov.

jan.05

Jul.

Sep.

May

Mar.

Nov.

Jan.04

Jul.

Sep.

May

Mar.

Faroe Isles

Jan.03

EURO/Kg

Figure 50. EU15 Import of Frozen Saithe Fillets, Prices from Most Important Countries

Source: Eurostat France 2004 In 2004 France imported 52 percent more saithe than in 2003. It increased the import of frozen fillet by 70 percent to 14 000 tonnes, and of fresh whole fish by 41 percent to 13 000 tonnes. The unit value of fresh whole fish remained the same in 2004 as in 2003, while the price of frozen fillets dropped by 10 percent. Table 43. French Import of Saithe, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT Change % 2003 2004 Total 18,996 28,781 51.5% Fillets frozen 8,292 14,091 69.9% Whole fresh 9,023 12,757 41.4% Meat/mince frozen 721 1,184 64.2% Fillets fresh 612 525 -14.2% Whole frozen 348 224 -35.6%

Price/EURO 2003 1.90 2.94 0.93 1.33 2.51 2.24

2004 1.72 2.42 0.93 1.51 2.51 2.22

Change % -9.5% -17.7% 0.0% 13.5% 0.0% -0.9%

Source: Eurostat 2.7. Redfish Redfish is traditionally caught and consumed in Europe. In Fishstat+ the term ‘redfish’ includes redfish, golden redfish and Atlantic redfish nei. (nei = not elsewhere included.) Eurostat differentiates in some categories between golden redfish (Sebastes marinus) and ‘other redfish’ but in this report all redfish are included for analysis. The catch of redfish was around 400 000 tonnes between 1950 and the mid 1990s, with higher catches in some years, notably 1959 and 1976. During the peak times the USSR and EU15 countries in particular, caught large volumes. Throughout the period, Canada and Iceland were also important catching nations. In the past decade the catches dropped to between 250 000 tonnes and 300 000 tonnes per year, with the major catching nation being Iceland with 111 000 tonnes in 2002, 109 000 tonnes in 2003 and 84 000 tonnes in 2004, followed by the Russian Federation with 58 000 tonnes in 2002 and 2003, and Canada with 23 000 tonnes in 2002 and 21 000 tonnes in 2003. Norway caught 29 000 tonnes in 2001 but only 16 000 tonnes per year between 2002 and 2004. EU15 countries caught between 35 000 tonnes and 40 000 tonnes in recent years but set a lower quota for 2005 than for 2004. EU25 quotas were 62 000 tonnes in 2004, and 52 000 tonnes in 2005.

Figure 51. World Catches of Redfish by Country, 1950 -2003 700 600

1000 MT

500 400 300 200 100

Iceland

USSR/Rus Fed

EU15

Lithuania

Norway

Canada

2002

2000

1998

1996

1994

1992

1990

1988

1986

1984

1982

1980

1978

1976

1974

1972

1970

1968

1966

1964

1962

1960

1956 1958

1954

1952

1950

Other

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Germany is the EU15 country with the largest share of the redfish quota and catch in the last decade, but Portugal and Spain also have a significant share. In 2003 Germany and Portugal caught 12 000 tonnes each, while Spain caught 10 000 tonnes and the UK 3 000 tonnes. Table 44. EU15 ; Catches of Redfish, MT Germany Portugal Spain United Kingdom France Netherlands Ireland Denmark Belgium Total

1994 30,478 11,482 904 743 2,293 8 15 42 54 46,019

1995 20,472 9,355 5,249 1,346 2,520 29 18 15 16 39,020

1996 22,512 5,059 5,275 1,776 2,244 41 15 21 19 36,962

1997 21,096 5,343 10,403 1,507 2,567 53 48 23 16 41,056

1998 20,342 6,638 9,805 1,554 1,604 20 71 27 2 40,063

1999 18,417 10,453 11,761 2,672 1,254 16 171 53 3 44,800

2000 14,278 9,968 8,271 2,495 943 19 186 43 5 36,208

2001 12,790 8,321 10,227 2,875 1,076 8 433 100 6 35,836

2002 15,551 9,723 5,759 2,117 585 15 297 43 3 34,093

2003 11,900 11,752 10,302 3,371 512 89 87 72 2 38,087

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Germany is also the largest importer and net importer of redfish, with an annual net import of 25 000 tonnes, while France has a yearly net import of 7 000 tonnes to 8 000 tonnes. Denmark, Netherlands and the UK import more redfish from third countries than France, but they export/re-export most of this import. Table 45. EU15 Countries; Import of Redfish from Third Countries, MT 1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Germany

27,103

25,724

26,593

27,578

25,724

21,604

25,806

25,669

25,032

Denmark

7,400

6,319

7,873

10,647

11,265

11,184

5,906

7,252

7,962

Netherlands

1,768

3,637

2,904

4,702

4,270

5,298

7,636

6,700

7,102

United Kingdom

3,991

3,846

2,806

3,002

2,911

3,362

4,442

4,056

5,191

Sweden

1,464

1,497

2,085

2,649

2,554

3,257

2,538

2,338

1,857

France

2,345

1,625

1,140

1,302

1,016

1,419

1,344

2,006

1,402

Other

6,784

5,844

5,400

3,276

4,188

5,688

5,557

4,897

3,957

Total

50,855

48,492

48,801

53,156

51,928

51,812

53,229

52,918

52,503

Source: Eurostat 60

Figure 52. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Redfish Products, Volume 60

Greenland

Russia Faroe Isles

Norway

fresh/chilled whole

frozen meat/mince frozen fillets

China Iceland

fresh/chilled fillets

frozen whole

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1993

1992

1000 MT

Other

1000 MT

Source: Eurostat The total EU15 import of redfish decreased from about 60 000 tonnes per year in the early 1990s to a little more than 50 000 tonnes a year from 1999 onwards. The majority of this was imported as whole chilled fish, but frozen whole fish and frozen fillets increased their share in recent years. In 2004 the import was 22 000 tonnes of frozen fillets, 19 000 tonnes of chilled whole fish and 10 000 tonnes of whole frozen fish. Most of the EU15 import of redfish comes from Iceland and in 2004, 28 000 tonnes of the 53 000 tonnes total import originated from Iceland. Norwayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s share shrank considerably, with only 5 000 tonnes originating from Norway, while the Chinese import almost doubled in 2004 to 11 000 tonnes. Some 2 000 tonnes comes from the Faeroe Islands each year. The unit value of whole redfish showed stability, with only a small increase in the nominal euro price between the early 1990s and 2002, although this has since started to decrease. The unit value of fillets followed up upward trend until 2001, when it began to decrease, ending at around 5 euros/kg in 2004. Figure 53. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Prices of Chilled/Frozen Redfish Products 7.00 6.00

EURO/Kg

5.00

frozen whole

4.00

frozen fillets

3.00

fresh/chilled whole fresh/chilled fillets

2.00 1.00 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

0.00

Source: Eurostat EU15 2004 The EU15 import volume of redfish was similar in 2004 to 2003, although the volume of frozen fillets increased and the volume of whole frozen decreased. The average unit values of all products except frozen fillets, increased by a few percent in 2004. A greater percentage of frozen fillets were imported from China, and at a much lower unit value than in 2003. The UK and Denmark increased their import of redfish from third countries, while Sweden, France and Spain decreased theirs. Analysis of the net import portrays a similar picture, with only the Netherlands decreasing its net import.

Table 46. EU15 Import of Redfish from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 Volume/M Price/EUR T O 2003 2004 % 2003 Whole fresh Total 18,758 18,834 0.4% 1.58 Whole fresh Iceland 12,413 12,935 4.2% 1.45 Whole fresh Norway 5,418 4,184 -22.8% 1.86 Whole fresh Faeroe Isles 871 1,637 87.9% 1.54 Fillets fresh Total 2,323 2,421 4.2% 5.14 Fillets fresh Iceland 1,491 1,556 4.4% 5.20 Fillets fresh Faeroe Isles 685 821 19.9% 5.20 Whole frozen Total 12,578 9,589 -23.8% 1.64 Whole frozen Iceland 7,587 6,693 -11.8% 1.78 Whole frozen Norway 1,152 964 -16.3% 1.34 Whole frozen Greenland 2,152 927 -56.9% 1.43 Fillets frozen Total 19,120 21,561 12.8% 3.03 Fillets frozen China 6,048 11,058 82.8% 2.61 Fillets frozen Iceland 10,603 6,699 -36.8% 3.33 Fillets frozen Russia 1,034 2,350 127.3% 2.80 Meat/mince frozen Total 139 98 -29.5% 1.14 Total Total 52,918 52,503 -0.8% 2.27

2004 1.57 1.46 1.94 1.34 5.24 5.00 5.71 1.65 1.73 1.32 1.42 2.97 2.48 3.86 2.72 1.12 2.33

% -0.6% 0.7% 4.3% -13.0% 1.9% -3.8% 9.8% 0.6% -2.8% -1.5% -0.7% -2.0% -5.0% 15.9% -2.9% -1.8% 2.6%

Source: Eurostat Iceland is the main source for whole fresh redfish, with the Faeroese gradually increasing their share and the Norwegians decreasing theirs. The main source of fresh fillets is Iceland and the Faeroe Islands and most of the whole frozen fish comes from Iceland. The main recent change can be seen in frozen fillets, the largest product category. Here, the EU15 import increased by 13 percent, with China and Russia becoming new sources for the product by taking a large market share from Iceland. Germany 2004 Germany imported less redfish in 2004 than in 2003. There were fewer whole fresh fish imported from Iceland and Denmark, but more frozen fillets from China and Russia, and much less from Iceland. Table 47. German Import of Redfish, 2003 and 2004 Volume/MT 2003 2004 Total 30,882 28,846 Fillets frozen 15,520 16,300 Whole fresh 12,269 9,580 Whole frozen 2,025 1,794 Fillets fresh 1,061 1,139 Meat/mince frozen 7 33

% -6.6% 5.0% -21.9% -11.4% 7.4% 371.4%

Source: Eurostat

Price/EURO 2003 2.51 3.11 1.66 1.61 5.48 2.43

2004 2.42 2.7 1.73 1.7 5.43 1.39

% -3.6% -13.2% 4.2% 5.6% -0.9% -42.8%

Figure 54. German Import of Frozen Redfish Fillets, MT

Iceland

China

Russia

Mar.

jan.05

Nov.

Sep.

Jul.

May

Mar.

Nov.

Jan.04

Jul.

Sep.

May

Mar.

Jan.03

Nov.

Jul. Sep.

May

Jan.02 Mar.

2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0

Other

Source: Eurostat The graphs show both the recent developments in the origin of the German import of frozen redfish fillets and the price differences from different origins. The import volume of frozen redfish fillets increased in the period from January 2002 until the end of 2004. The source of these fillets changed from mainly being of Icelandic origin in the first half of 2002, to mainly being of Chinese origin in the last half of 2004, with an interim period when the two countries shared the market. During 2004 Russia also entered this market. The unit value of Chinese fillets was between 0.53 euros/kg and 1.16 euros/kg cheaper than those of Icelandic origin in the period from January 2002 to April 2005. The price of Russian fillets decreased during the period to initially being close to that of Icelandic fillets, and ending up closer to those from China. Figure 55. German Import of Frozen Redfish Fillets, Prices From Most Important Sources 6

ERRO/Kg

5 4 3 2 1

Iceland

China

Mar.

Nov. jan.05

Jul. Sep.

Mar. May

Nov. Jan.04

Jul. Sep.

Mar. May

Nov. Jan.03

Jul. Sep.

Mar. May

Jan.02

Russia

Source: Eurostat

2.8. Price Comparisons Alaska pollock, hake and cod are the groundfish species with the largest volume import to the EU15 in the past few years. Comparing unit value of species over time, gives an indication of the price development in the market. However, it should be remembered that when comparing the unit values of fillets, the content of this category includes both single fillets and fillet

blocks, the price for which is generally different, and the combination of which changes over time. Figure 56. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Yearly frozen fillet prices on Alaska Pollock, Cod, Redfish and Haddock 6 5

EUR/Kg

Haddock Cod

Redfish AP

2 1 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat Cod fillets commanded the highest unit value during most of the period, with haddock fillets having the edge in some years. Haddock fillets also showed the largest variation in unit value. Alaska pollock fillets had the lowest unit value during the whole period, while the unit value of redfish fillets ranged between those of Alaska pollock and cod. The unit value of hake increased faster than that of Alaska pollock, but hake fillets, hoki fillets and saithe fillets were less valuable than fillets of cod, haddock and redfish. The price of all seven groundfish species more or less followed the same price trend. Figure 57. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Yearly frozen fillet prices on Alaska Pollock, Hake, Hoki and Saithe 4

3 EUR/Kg

Hake Hoki

Saithe AP

0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat An examination of unit values on a monthly basis over the past two years shows that cod commanded the highest price during the whole period, with haddock values at a similar level both in the beginning and towards the end of this period. Overall unit values were fairly stable for all species, although there was a downward trend in 2003, and a more upward trend from summer 2004 onwards.

Figure 58. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Monthly frozen fillet prices on Alaska Pollock, Cod, Redfish and Haddock 7 6 5 EUR/Kg

Haddock 4

Cod

Redfish AP

2 1

Ma r. Ma i

Ma r. Ma i Ju l. Se p. No v. jan .05

jan .03 Ma r. Ma i Ju l. Se p. No v. jan .04

Source: Eurostat Figure 59. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Monthly frozen fillet prices on Alaska Pollock, Hake, Hoki and Saithe 4

3 EUR/Kg

Hake Hoki

Saithe AP

jan .03 Ma r. Ma i Ju l. Se p. No v. jan .04 Ma r. Ma i Ju l. Se p. No v. jan .05 Ma r. Ma i

Source: Eurostat

3. Trends in the EU15 Countries Trade In 2004, Spain was the largest importer of all chilled/frozen groundfish in the EU15 with a total import value of one billion euros. The country re-exported more than one third of this groundfish import, but remained the largest net importer, ahead of the UK, Italy, France and Germany, which had net imports worth between 626 million euros and 421 million euros. A look at chilled/frozen products of the seven groundfish species shows that the UK is the largest importer, with an import of 670 million euros in 2004, and a net import of 561 million euros. Spain, France, Germany and Portugal are the next largest net importers, all with a net import of more than 200 million euros.

Table 48. EU15 Countries Net Import of Seven Groundfish Species, 1000 EURO 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

324,413

388,728

438,684

550,227

578,708

667,005

696,485

656,836

543,496

560,604

Spain

268,152

249,714

293,308

357,978

348,594

349,071

438,666

387,233

429,714

407,819

France

220,557

262,337

260,688

343,515

353,860

356,376

387,768

363,702

373,878

391,069

Germany

308,179

284,394

308,779

463,781

335,689

343,134

454,857

471,784

385,894

341,045

Portugal

91,206

106,341

98,936

118,916

175,471

140,487

204,878

201,132

206,751

201,846

Italy

82,312

100,759

100,412

121,346

129,691

134,919

155,465

147,383

127,317

133,560

Netherlands

50,842

52,976

31,291

39,544

49,718

60,223

73,375

-25,516

80,743

121,528

Belgium

56,453

53,900

57,459

66,781

67,277

71,068

66,337

66,121

67,421

68,355

Sweden

30,048

21,905

25,913

44,080

40,675

38,235

46,517

51,322

38,767

38,353

Greece

11,469

15,453

14,120

12,653

17,990

16,753

19,798

20,042

18,211

17,567

Ireland

-7,404

-2,688

-743

939

3,979

2,330

-94

7,718

11,792

15,096

Austria

9,982

17,695

19,349

19,980

20,813

12,520

15,619

16,991

15,929

14,945

Finland

10,508

12,625

13,430

14,511

13,615

13,111

14,486

15,169

13,727

12,439

Denmark

-144,705

-162,672

-183,370

-155,802

-176,527

-157,069

-145,325

-151,767

-116,451

-86,806

Source: Eurostat Table 49. EU15 Countries Import of Seven Groundfish Species, 1000 EURO 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

370,342

433,467

478,145

609,057

634,149

719,751

758,520

737,600

665,294

670,055

Spain

362,344

367,198

402,076

472,696

477,495

508,447

603,789

556,151

607,425

583,779

Germany

406,352

399,383

437,565

619,613

503,904

554,237

677,251

688,559

580,977

504,786

France

258,394

292,514

297,234

379,020

385,559

388,084

425,375

400,174

407,110

414,051

Denmark

180,900

187,301

195,691

279,082

279,245

297,005

330,895

308,739

276,027

272,479

Netherlands

91,493

93,469

101,483

118,795

142,668

136,964

174,657

157,787

177,768

238,388

Portugal

115,363

122,532

118,367

138,145

203,838

165,696

229,383

222,229

228,102

229,109

Italy

98,957

114,450

111,831

132,292

137,142

140,761

161,962

155,085

132,465

138,196

Belgium

67,470

67,220

74,557

96,077

101,352

120,497

118,976

111,797

122,473

133,668

Sweden

58,681

56,252

67,357

79,571

84,610

87,178

105,750

115,632

112,743

126,856

Ireland

2,139

4,469

4,637

7,676

8,388

8,421

8,207

12,272

15,337

19,771

Greece

11,696

16,297

15,722

13,774

18,485

17,141

20,201

20,412

18,659

18,122

Austria

10,007

17,702

19,354

19,982

21,426

12,523

15,619

20,258

16,327

15,017

Finland

10,747

12,887

13,561

14,572

13,622

13,156

14,524

15,217

13,806

12,462

Source: Eurostat The trend in trade is discussed here by country, starting with the UK, which was the largest importing country in 2004, followed by countries in decreasing order of import importance. 3.1. United Kingdom â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the Main Cod and Haddock Importer Figure 60. UK; import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 240

160 120 80

240

hoki

200

hake redfish saithe AP

160 1000 MT

1000 MT

200

frozen meat/mince 120

cod

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat 66

frozen fillets fresh/chilled whole

haddock

frozen whole

fresh/chilled fillets

The UK is the largest consumer and importer of fresh/frozen cod and haddock in Europe. It imports more than 110 000 tonnes of cod each year, mostly as frozen fillets, 50 000 tonnes of haddock as whole chilled fish and frozen fillets, a decreasing volume of Alaska pollock amounting to 19 000 tonnes in 2004, plus some saithe, hake and redfish. The UK groundfish import consists mostly of frozen fillets, but there has been an increasing import of fresh/chilled whole fish the recent years. The UK has the largest catch of the seven groundfish species in the EU15, with more than 80 000 tonnes caught in 2004. The catch consists mostly of haddock and cod, with some Saithe. There is a relatively low export/re-export of the seven groundfish species considering the large import and catch, but this has increased from around 20 000 tonnes a year in the late 1990s to 45 000 tonnes in 2004. Figure 61. UK; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT Cod Haddock Redfish Pollack Saithe Hake Hoki Total

1994 68,855 93,698 743 3,531 14,678 6130 3

1995 78,650 86,315 1,346 4,011 15,220 5614 80

1996 78,364 87,420 1,776 3,631 15,413 5418 86

1997 74,637 83,388 1,507 3,845 14,609 5820 166

1998 77,182 83,436 1,554 3,211 12,261 5235 2

1999 51,695 72,001 2,672 2,398 12,442

2000 41,750 50,644 2,495 2,706 10,924

2001 32,840 42,865 2,875 2,839 10,585

2002 31,548 52,869 2,117 2,765 12,310

2003 21,543 41,392 3,371 2,682 9,876

5590 347

4549 42

2858 30

2896 52

2754 88

187,638 191,236 192,108 183,972 182,881 147,145 113,110 94,892

104,557 81,706

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Cod The UK cod catch decreased from 69 000 tonnes in 1994 to 22 000 tonnes in 2003 and the quota for 2004 was 24 000 tonnes. The UK imports more than 110 000 tonnes of cod each year, mostly as frozen fillets, with some whole frozen and whole chilled cod. There is a small but increasing import of chilled fillets, rising from 662 tonnes in 1996 to 5876 tonnes in 2004, mostly originating from Iceland. The import of frozen fillets increased from 52 000 tonnes in 1996 to 78 000 tonnes in 2004, while the import of frozen whole cod decreased from 28 000 tonnes in 1996 to 13 000 tonnes in 2004. The export/re-export is small, at just a few thousand tonnes per year, except in 2003 and 2004 where it was 17 000 tonnes and 20 000 tonnes, mostly of frozen whole fish and frozen fillets. All figures here are based on Eurostat, but the UK has its own trade statistics which show the import/export from other EU15 countries as registered on the border. In Eurostat the import/export between EU15 countries (Intrastat) is calculated from company reports. The UK trade statistics based on registrations show a few thousand tonnes more import of frozen whole cod than stated in Eurostat over the past few years, and the difference between the two data sources is increasing. The export of frozen whole cod is also larger according to UK trade statistics. It is worth noting that UK trade statistics are usually considered more accurate than Eurostat because they are based on registrations, but the table below shows Eurostat data for reasons of comparison.

Table 50. UK Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled filets

662

937

2,166

2,513

3,581

5,899

4,083

4,284

5,876

Fresh/chilled whole

23,557

25,368

15,598

13,935

15,351

16,911

17,257

17,985

17,398

Frozen filets

52,293

54,246

58,262

67,604

76,661

81,883

73,741

80,835

78,339

Frozen meat

5,062

4,415

3,691

3,073

3,748

2,253

2,948

2,268

1,947

Frozen whole

28,649

24,937

28,638

21,282

21,552

16,047

17,671

18,256

13,255

Total

110,223

109,903

108,355

108,407

120,893

122,993

115,700

123,628

116,815

Fresh/chilled filets

964

581

878

313

189

321

499

368

303

Fresh/chilled whole

2,385

1,662

1,513

1,820

1,672

2,489

2,134

1,944

1,631

Frozen filets

1,564

3,080

3,117

2,522

2,252

2,433

2,486

4,350

7,192

Frozen meat

686

351

520

423

793

657

548

924

544

Frozen whole

4,102

1,659

2,767

1,816

3,365

3,473

6,179

9,600

10,001

Total

9,701

7,333

8,795

6,894

8,271

9,373

11,846

17,186

19,671

Fresh/chilled filets

-302

356

1,288

2,200

3,392

5,578

3,584

3,916

5,573

Fresh/chilled whole

21,172

23,706

14,085

12,115

13,679

14,422

15,123

16,041

15,767

Frozen filets

50,729

51,166

55,145

65,082

74,409

79,450

71,255

76,485

71,147

Frozen meat

4,376

4,064

3,171

2,650

2,955

1,596

2,400

1,344

1,403

Frozen whole Total

24,547 100,522

23,278 102,570

25,871 99,560

19,466 101,513

18,187 112,622

12,574 113,620

11,492 103,854

8,656 106,442

3,254 97,144

Export

Net Import

Source: Eurostat Haddock The UK haddock catch decreased from 94 000 tonnes in 1994 to 41 000 tonnes in 2003, and the quota in 2004 was 53 000 tonnes. The UK import of haddock has varied between 37 000 tonnes in 2000 and 64 000 tonnes in 2004. Most of the import has been of fresh whole and frozen fillet, with some frozen whole fish in the past few years. The UK exports/re-exports only small quantities of haddock and is a net consumer. It should be noted that UK trade statistics show a few thousand tonnes more import and export/re-export of frozen whole haddock than Eurostat in recent years. Table 51. UK Import, Export and Net Import of Haddock, MT Import Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total Export Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total Net Import Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total

1996 18,816 18,460 1,034 11,882 50,192

1997 20,117 18,079 606 8,678 47,480

1998 21,707 16,462 579 7,046 45,794

1999 17,026 15,208 511 10,507 43,252

2000 15,076 12,965 522 8,854 37,417

2001 19,804 15,692 351 11,618 47,465

2002 20,476 16,212 553 9,780 47,021

2003 27,054 20,179 510 7,304 55,047

2004 31,751 23,247 532 8,791 64,321

225 438 129 66 858

329 536 19 222 1,106

474 818 139 322 1,753

893 353 85 243 1,574

581 260 89 123 1,053

540 269 17 350 1,176

745 466 6 819 2,036

172 572 804 2,489 4,037

282 1,432 180 1,563 3,457

18,591 18,022 905 11,816 49,334

19,788 17,543 587 8,456 46,374

21,233 15,644 440 6,724 44,041

16,133 14,855 426 10,264 41,678

14,495 12,705 433 8,731 36,364

19,264 15,423 334 11,268 46,289

19,731 15,746 547 8,961 44,985

26,882 19,607 -294 4,815 51,010

31,469 21,815 352 7,228 60,864

Source: Eurostat

Pollock/Alaska Pollock UK imports of frozen fillet and meat/mince of Alaska pollock decreased from 38 000 tonnes in 1996 to 19 000 tonnes in 2004. The re-export was between 3 000 tonnes and 7 000 tonnes until 2003/2004, when it increased. The net import/consumption decreased from 33 000 tonnes in 1996 to 7 000 tonnes in 2004 and UK trade statistics show an even larger negative net import in 2003. It is worth noting that EU15 countriesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; trade statistics do not show the trade of pollock and Alaska pollock by species. For fresh/chilled whole and frozen whole fish in the table, both species are included, but for frozen fillets and frozen meat, only Alaska pollock is included. Table 52. UK Import, Export and Net Import of Pollock/Alaska Pollock, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled whole

144

155

Frozen filets

19,602

20,162

21,757

15,938

18,543

23,268

17,082

16,454

16,926

Frozen meat

17,775

18,953

9,535

6,713

6,074

6,993

3,199

2,276

1,881

Frozen whole

158

136

154

166

209

210

579

Total

37,586

39,206

31,400

22,879

24,840

30,571

20,645

19,000

19,442

Export Fresh/chilled whole

939

878

959

934

946

1,030

834

805

915

Frozen filets

2,635

1,644

4,390

1,519

2,049

1,828

5,152

19,339

11,521

Frozen meat

710

290

954

103

606

209

161

Frozen whole

434

114

Total

4,718

2,820

6,333

2,562

3,035

2,941

6,592

20,467

12,598

Net Import Fresh/chilled whole

-888

-792

-897

-842

-877

-886

-679

-745

-859

Frozen filets

16,967

18,518

17,367

14,419

16,494

21,440

11,930

-2,885

5,405

Frozen meat

17,065

18,663

8,581

6,610

6,072

6,936

2,593

2,067

1,720

Frozen whole Total

-276 32,868

-3 36,386

16 25,067

130 20,317

116 21,805

140 27,630

209 14,053

96 -1,467

578 6,844

Source: Eurostat The UK has a position as the largest catching nation, importer and net importer of the seven groundfish species in the EU15, but has experienced lower catches and had a decreasing net import in the past few years. The main products imported are frozen cod fillets and frozen haddock fillets. There is an increasing import of chilled/fresh whole haddock and chilled/fresh cod/cod fillets and a decreasing import of frozen whole cod, haddock Alaska pollock and frozen Alaska pollock fillets.

3.2. Spain - the Largest Hake Importer Figure 62. Spanish Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 240

240 200

hoki AP

120

saithe

frozen meat/mince 120

redfish

frozen fillets fresh/chilled whole

cod 40

frozen whole

160 1000 MT

1000 MT

200

haddock

160

fresh/chilled fillets

hake

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat Hake has dominated Spanish imports of groundfish for the past decade. The total Spanish import of hake increased from 162 000 tonnes in 1996 to 180 000 tonnes in 2004, with a value of 456 million euros. Cod is also important in Spanish consumption and the import increased in the past few years to over 30 000 tonnes in 2004, with a value of 105 million euros. More than 70 percent of the total import volume of the seven groundfish species is frozen whole fish or frozen fillets/meat/mince and that percentage has increased since 2000. The rest of the volume is imported as whole fresh/chilled fish. Spainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s export/re-export of the seven groundfish species is between 50 000 tonnes and 80 000 tonnes per year, mostly as frozen whole fish but with some frozen fillets. Spain has varying catches of hake and hoki. The hake catch peaked in 1999 at 74 000 tonnes, but had reduced to 38 000 tonnes in 2004, while the hoki catch was 6 000 tonnes in 1994 and 11 000 tonnes in 2003. The cod catch was 19 000 tonnes in 1999, but 9 000 tonnes in 2003, and the redfish catch was 12 000 tonnes in 1999 and 10 000 tonnes in 2003. The total catch of the seven groundfish species was 84 000 tonnes in 1994, up to 108 000 tonnes in 1999, and down to 71 000 tonnes in 2003. Table 53. Spain; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT Cod Haddock Redfish Pollack Saithe Hake Hoki Total

1994 18,664 22

1995 16,143 62

1996 16,356 718

1997 17,228 505

1998 14,392 541

1999 10,159 780

2000 8,770 669

2001 20,283 2,217

2002 8,409 156

2003 9,086 1,457

904

5,249

5,275

10,403

9,805

11,761

8,271

10,227

5,759

10,302

193 1 57,468 6,736

216 13 61,329 10,601

185 33 65,434 7,733

213 83 57,190 7,422

218 397 59,095 16,104

175 82 74,014 11,132

175 158 67,471 9,794

436 152 64,535 13,599

222 54 43,020 12,949

193 64 38,058 11,343

83,988

93,613

95,734

93,044

100,552

108,103

95,308

111,449

70,569

70,503

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Hake Spain imported 165 000 tonnes of the EU15â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s total import of 258 000 tonnes from third countries in 2004. In value terms, this amounted to 404 million of the total 601 million euros. The total Spanish import volume increased by 17 000 tonnes to 180 000 tonnes between 1996 and 2004. The main products imported are frozen fillets and chilled whole/frozen whole fish. The import of chilled whole fish increased the most, with a rise of 40 percent to 61 000 tonnes from 1996 to 2004. Between 4 000 tonnes and 7 000 tonnes of the chilled whole fish is reexported each year, with the remainder consumed in Spain. The majority of the import is of

frozen fillets. Some 50 000 tonnes to 60 000 tonnes is consumed each year in Spain and approximately 10 000 tonnes is re-exported to Italy and other European countries. A large proportion of the import of frozen whole hake/Spanish catch of hake is exported/re-exported, mainly to Portugal. Table 54. Spanish Import, Export and Net Import of Hake, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled whole

43,373

44,604

51,784

60,243

64,051

62,529

60,032

58,106

60,613

Frozen filets

53,810

48,931

61,223

43,896

43,607

57,973

47,245

62,547

52,480

Frozen meat

6,198

7,379

8,557

8,605

10,161

10,698

10,721

13,303

14,693

Frozen whole

59,105

70,598

58,064

63,771

51,926

54,327

58,265

53,861

51,861

Total Export

162,486

171,512

179,628

176,515

169,745

185,527

176,263

187,817

179,647

Fresh/chilled whole

3,808

4,300

3,800

5,115

6,582

6,280

4,603

4,842

5,366

Frozen filets

10,146

10,253

10,659

11,974

11,905

7,785

9,321

12,801

16,054

Frozen meat

962

948

1,205

1,480

1,889

1,636

1,339

2,168

2,108

Frozen whole

34,445

31,118

31,982

31,472

36,881

32,451

30,637

39,948

35,628

Total Net Import

49,361

46,619

47,646

50,041

57,257

48,152

45,900

59,759

59,156

Fresh/chilled whole

39,565

40,304

47,984

55,128

57,469

56,249

55,429

53,264

55,247

Frozen filets

43,664

38,678

50,564

31,922

31,702

50,188

37,924

49,746

36,426

Frozen meat

5,236

6,431

7,352

7,125

8,272

9,062

9,382

11,135

12,585

Frozen whole

24,660

39,480

26,082

32,299

15,045

21,876

27,628

13,913

16,233

Total

113,125

124,893

131,982

126,474

112,488

137,375

130,363

128,058

120,491

Source: Eurostat Cod Spain consumes its own catch of cod and has a limited production/consumption of fresh/frozen product. The catch in 1999 was 19 000 tonnes, decreasing to 9 000 tonnes in 2003. It also has an increasing net import, totalling 4 000 tonnes in 1996 and 11 000 tonnes in 2004 and consisting mostly of frozen whole fish and frozen fillets. The total Spanish cod consumption can thus be estimated at between 20 000 tonnes and 25 000 tonnes of whole fish equivalent. This figure does not include the Spanish import of cured cod products, which amounted to a yearly net import of between 25 000 tonnes and 28 000 tonnes of salted fish and dried fish/klipfish fillets from 1996 to 2004.

Table 55. Spanish Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled fillets

5,312

4,515

3,522

2,773

2,643

2,342

1,514

1,500

1,350

Fresh/chilled whole

5,757

4,763

4,581

3,957

3,404

4,146

3,935

4,492

4,670

Frozen filets

2,107

2,621

2,946

3,896

4,148

8,171

6,532

10,379

13,275

Frozen meat

327

334

460

884

831

929

757

1,681

425

Frozen whole

9,029

6,655

5,224

6,102

6,449

6,677

11,621

13,246

10,719

Total

22,532

18,888

16,733

17,612

17,475

22,265

24,359

31,298

30,439

Fresh/chilled fillets

399

575

653

159

361

231

434

253

850

Fresh/chilled whole

128

622

194

218

310

289

410

4,454

Frozen filets

1,808

1,912

1,755

2,090

2,517

3,209

4,182

4,049

8,523

Frozen meat

183

205

202

182

258

301

1,449

Frozen whole

15,696

2,609

2,084

1,927

1,555

1,611

6,224

5,834

5,836

Total

18,080

5,901

4,775

4,572

4,833

5,619

11,430

11,995

19,687

Fresh/chilled fillets

4,913

3,940

2,869

2,614

2,282

2,111

1,080

1,247

500

Fresh/chilled whole

5,629

4,141

4,503

3,763

3,186

3,836

3,646

4,082

216

Frozen filets

299

709

1,191

1,806

1,631

4,962

2,350

6,330

4,752

Frozen meat

278

151

255

682

649

671

456

232

401

Export

Net Import

Frozen whole

-6,667

4,046

3,140

4,175

4,894

5,066

5,397

7,412

4,883

Total

4,452

12,987

11,958

13,040

12,642

16,646

12,929

19,303

10,752

Source: Eurostat As the second largest groundfish importer and net importer in the EU15, Spain shows an increasing trend towards the import of fresh/frozen products of the seven groundfish species. 3.3. Germany â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Biggest Alaska Pollock Market Germany consumes the most Alaska pollock in Europe, and has a yearly import of over 100 000 tonnes of frozen fillets. France is also a large consumer but imports less than 50 000 tonnes. These figures exclude surimi, since Eurostat does not publish figures for surimi by species. In 2004 Germany was the third largest net importer of the seven groundfish species after the UK and Spain, with a value of 341 million euros, and an import volume of more than 250 000 tonnes, mostly of frozen fillets and mostly of Alaska pollock. It also imported around 30 000 tonnes of redfish and more than 20 000 tonnes of hake, cod and saithe, making it the largest importer of the seven groundfish species in the EU15 in terms of volume. Until 2003/2004 Germany was the second largest net importer of the seven groundfish species in the EU15 in terms of value, after the UK. However, Spain was larger in 2003 and both Spain and France were larger in 2004. Germany has a relatively small export/re-export of the seven groundfish species of between 60 000 tonnes and 70 000 tonnes per year, mostly of cod and Alaska pollock, making the net import between 190 000 tonnes and 200 000 tonnes per year.

Figure 63. German Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 280

280

240

haddock hoki

160

saithe

120

cod hake

200

frozen whole

160

frozen meat/mince frozen fillets

120

fresh/chilled whole

fresh/chilled fillets

redfish

40 0 1996

1000 MT

200

AP 1997 1998

1999 2000

2001 2002

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2003 2004

Source: Eurostat Germanyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s annual catch of the seven groundfish species was at its highest in 1996 with 78 000 tonnes, but this reduced to 42 000 tonnes in 2003. The decreasing catch consisted in 2003 of 15 000 tonnes of cod, 12 000 tonnes of Redfish and 12000 tonnes of Saithe. Table 56. Germany; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT Cod Haddock Redfish Pollack Saithe Hake Total

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

22,113

31,892

37,629

26,491

23,075

21,990

18,414

19,222

15,412

15,050

4,259

3,978

2,718

2,441

1,712

1,039

1,225

1,368

1,786

2,587

30,478

20,472

22,512

21,096

20,342

18,417

14,278

12,790

15,551

11,900

102

117

116

12,405

13,393

15,197

15,993

13,562

13,307

12,385

13,320

14,542

12,110

126

69,339

69,948

78,241

66,214

58,803

54,884

46,387

46,814

47,478

41,813

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Alaska Pollock (Pollock) Alaska pollock/pollock is the most important species imported and consumed in Germany. Alaska pollock frozen fillets had the lowest unit value of all frozen fillets of the seven groundfish species in the last decade. As the table below shows, the German import of Alaska pollock has varied in the last 9 years, with a peak in 1998 of 161 000 tonnes, and in 2001 of 164 000 tonnes of frozen fillets and meat/mince. In 2004 the import volume was 145 000 tonnes. The annual re-export to France and some other EU15 countries is between 22 000 tonnes and 32 000 tonnes. This puts the average yearly net import/consumption at 120 000 tonnes from 2000 to 2004. It should be noted that EU15 countriesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; trade statistics do not show all trade of pollock and Alaska pollock per species. Fresh/chilled whole and frozen whole fish figures in the table include both species, but frozen fillets and frozen meat figures refer only to Alaska pollock.

Table 57. German Import, Export and Net Import of Pollock/A. Pollock, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled whole

277

203

191

142

165

126

133

100

Frozen filets

92,005

107,309

143,940

87,276

121,979

154,516

136,146

126,314

136,674

Frozen meat

12,276

17,334

16,672

8,150

10,634

8,808

9,626

9,881

7,763

260

384

142

124,847

161,063

95,646

132,802

163,519

146,282

136,470

144,566

Frozen whole Total

104,558

Export Fresh/chilled whole

240

123

140

162

119

105

Frozen filets

19,848

30,189

30,211

24,604

25,012

29,337

21,890

21,128

23,302

Frozen meat

1,958

2,419

1,916

3,917

2,402

2,554

2,564

1,904

1,646

Frozen whole

118

220

Total

22,046

32,731

32,267

28,647

27,588

32,021

24,587

23,255

25,253

Net Import Fresh/chilled whole

Frozen filets

72,157

77,120

113,729

62,672

96,967

125,179

114,256

105,186

113,372

Frozen meat

10,318

14,915

14,756

4,233

8,232

6,254

7,062

7,977

6,117

Frozen whole

260

350

-191

Total

82,512

92,116

128,796

66,999

105,214

131,498

121,695

113,215

119,313

Source: Eurostat Redfish Germany is the largest importer and consumer of redfish in the EU15. EU15 countries had large redfish catches before 1975, with a peak in 1964 of 195 000 tonnes, of which Germany had 172 000 tonnes. In the 1970s the catch peaked at 126 000 tonnes in 1977, of which Germany had 108 000 tonnes. The last decade has seen the catch decline and Iceland take a larger percentage of the quota. The EU15 catch is now down to around 35 000 tonnes, of which Germany has about 15 000 tonnes. Germany has imported some 30 000 tonnes of redfish each year over the past decade, consisting of an increasing proportion of frozen fillets and a decreasing proportion of chilled whole fish. Germany exports/re-exports about 5 000 tonnes of redfish each year, mainly to France and the UK. Table 58. German Import, Export and Net Import of Redfish, MT Import Fresh/chilled filets Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total Export Fresh/chilled filets Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total Net Import Fresh/chilled filets Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total

1996 1,959 14,102 12,628 283 1,603 30,575

1997 2,049 15,219 10,325 114 1,518 29,225

1998 2,330 16,699 8,877 31 1,918 29,855

1999 2,262 15,449 11,269 76 1,847 30,903

2000 1,512 16,261 11,536 42 1,321 30,672

2001 1,499 11,952 11,225 14 1,399 26,089

2002 1,074 13,672 13,167 5 2,317 30,235

2003 1,061 12,269 15,520 7 2,025 30,882

2004 1,139 9,580 16,300 33 1,794 28,846

66 1,677 2,124 300 4,167

60 1,002 2,436 525 4,023

357 1,090 1,845 1,126 4,418

574 889 1,955 842 4,260

176 2,127 1,899 1,759 5,961

211 1,853 2,178 1,820 6,062

229 1,145 2,092 3,350 6,816

192 528 2,992 1,400 5,112

88 420 2,191 23 818 3,540

1,893 12,425 10,504 283 1,303 26,408

1,989 14,217 7,889 114 993 25,202

1,973 15,609 7,032 31 792 25,437

1,688 14,560 9,314 76 1,005 26,643

1,336 14,134 9,637 42 -438 24,711

1,288 10,099 9,047 14 -421 20,027

845 12,527 11,075 5 -1,033 23,419

869 11,741 12,528 7 625 25,770

1,051 9,160 14,109 10 976 25,306

Source: Eurostat

Cod Germany was the fourth largest importer of cod in the EU15 after the UK, Denmark and Portugal until 2004, when the German import decreased and the Netherlands import increased. Germany exports/re-exports more than two thirds of its cod import to the UK, France, Netherlands and other European countries. The German cod catch decreased from 38 000 tonnes in 1996 to 15 000 tonnes in 2003. Germanyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cod import and export consists mostly of frozen fillets but it also exports a few thousand tonnes of chilled whole fish. Table 59. German Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled filets

3,040

3,138

3,064

2,798

2,186

2,254

2,833

2,249

2,219

Fresh/chilled whole

7,888

7,959

4,790

4,589

2,847

2,245

1,706

1,729

1,724

Frozen filets

16,332

21,624

21,884

18,973

22,845

24,122

21,989

23,791

16,752

Frozen meat

929

1,128

1,711

1,693

2,218

2,133

2,554

2,761

1,253

Frozen whole

787

419

1,075

281

350

294

283

112

1,700

Total Export

28,976

34,268

32,524

28,334

30,446

31,048

29,365

30,642

23,648

Fresh/chilled filets

233

249

424

465

100

225

184

249

Fresh/chilled whole

10,045

6,874

7,002

9,332

8,999

6,987

5,762

4,613

5,832

Frozen filets

8,821

8,541

6,783

9,017

15,003

14,256

14,485

15,407

9,529

Frozen meat

132

128

635

1,564

1,554

1,773

2,342

822

Frozen whole

392

184

206

199

764

Total Net Import

19,556

15,874

14,521

19,486

25,849

23,096

22,338

22,548

17,196

Fresh/chilled filets

2,807

2,889

2,640

2,333

2,109

2,154

2,608

2,065

1,970

Fresh/chilled whole

-2,157

1,085

-2,212

-4,743

-6,152

-4,742

-4,056

-2,884

-4,108

Frozen filets

7,511

13,083

15,101

9,956

7,842

9,866

7,504

8,384

7,223

Frozen meat

864

996

1,583

1,058

654

579

781

419

431

Frozen whole

395

341

891

244

144

190

110

936

Total

9,420

18,394

18,003

8,848

4,597

7,952

7,027

8,094

6,452

Source: Eurostat Saithe Germany was the largest net importer of saithe in the EU15 in 2003, a position normally held by France. The German catch of saithe was between 12 000 tonnes and 15 000 tonnes per year over the past decade. The saithe import consists mostly of frozen fillets, with around 5 000 tonnes of chilled fillets per year. The import of chilled whole fish decreased from 7 000 tonnes in 1996 to 2 000 tonnes in 2004. The German export/re-export of 5 000 tonnes to 9 000 tonnes per year is mostly frozen fillets, with a varying proportion of chilled whole fish, probably fish in transit. The export/re-export mostly ends up in France and Netherlands.

Table 60. German Import, Export and Net Import of Saithe, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled filets

6,246

5,850

4,995

4,753

4,245

5,334

5,183

4,595

3,744

Fresh/chilled whole

7,465

6,941

4,228

5,551

4,887

2,922

2,512

1,994

2,259

Frozen filets

22,418

19,697

21,631

11,419

15,007

13,528

14,441

15,234

13,115

Frozen meat

1,037

1,075

538

1,010

1,503

1,668

2,126

1,856

1,497

Frozen whole

300

167

207

179

109

165

202

356

377

Total

37,466

33,730

31,599

22,912

25,751

23,617

24,464

24,035

20,992

104

126

167

173

198

168

118

Export Fresh/chilled filets Fresh/chilled whole

3,103

976

1,814

1,180

4,095

3,232

1,853

1,328

3,257

Frozen filets

3,202

2,838

2,736

2,984

4,496

4,312

3,840

3,473

3,398

Frozen meat

191

123

310

189

213

Frozen whole

197

578

179

203

190

Total

6,547

3,920

4,869

4,529

9,271

8,484

6,283

5,208

6,969

Fresh/chilled filets

6,142

5,791

4,869

4,586

4,072

5,161

4,985

4,427

3,626

Fresh/chilled whole

4,362

5,965

2,414

4,371

792

-310

659

666

-998

Frozen filets

19,216

16,859

18,895

8,435

10,511

9,216

10,601

11,761

9,717

Frozen meat

966

1,073

347

887

1,193

1,479

1,913

1,820

1,491

Frozen whole

233

122

205

104

-88

-413

153

187

Total

30,919

29,810

26,730

18,383

16,480

15,133

18,181

18,827

14,023

Net Import

Source: Eurostat Hake Germany was the third largest importer and the fourth largest net importer of hake in 2004, with an import of 27 000 tonnes and a net import of 21 000 tonnes. Its net import/ consumption has varied in the past few years between 16 000 tonnes and 24 000 tonnes. The re-export goes to Italy and Spain and in the mid nineties also went to France. Most of the import and re-export is of frozen fillets, with a recent increasing share of frozen meat/mince. Table 61. German Import, Export and Net Import of Hake, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled whole

464

465

303

321

678

582

221

293

195

Frozen filets

24,789

20,852

18,242

18,812

17,710

19,483

23,254

18,492

21,999

Frozen meat

916

826

511

1,986

1,475

1,966

3,277

1,429

4,063

Frozen whole

497

319

193

202

317

321

348

219

265

Total

26,666

22,462

19,249

21,321

20,180

22,352

27,100

20,433

26,522

Fresh/chilled whole

209

118

211

100

145

Frozen filets

2,522

2,418

2,080

2,530

2,063

2,003

2,760

3,850

4,992

Frozen meat

135

Frozen whole

101

114

161

Total

2,967

2,616

2,290

2,927

2,232

2,235

3,058

3,900

5,138

Fresh/chilled whole

255

403

185

110

602

482

125

269

Frozen filets

22,267

18,434

16,162

16,282

15,647

17,480

20,494

14,642

17,007

Frozen meat

781

770

498

1,914

1,454

1,906

3,236

1,409

4,063

Frozen whole

396

239

114

245

249

187

213

264

Total

23,699

19,846

16,959

18,394

17,948

20,117

24,042

16,533

21,384

Export

Net Import

Source: Eurostat

3.4. France â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a Market for many Species Figure 64. French Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 180

180 160

140

hoki

120

hake

saithe

frozen fillets

fresh/chilled whole fresh/chilled fillets

frozen meat/mince

100

cod

frozen whole

120

redfish

100

1000 MT

160

haddock

140

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat France imported between 150 000 tonnes and 160 000 tonnes of groundfish each year from 1994 to 2003, rising to 165 000 tonnes in 2004, mostly of frozen fillets of Alaska pollock, cod, hake and saithe, together with chilled whole cod and saithe. France has a small annual demand for fresh fillets of cod, saithe and redfish of between 2 000 tonnes and 5 000 tonnes. France exports/re-exports 8 000 tonnes to 12 000 tonnes of groundfish each year, mostly of frozen fillets with some chilled whole fish. Table 62. France; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT Cod Haddock Redfish Pollock Saithe Hake Hoki Total

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

16,607

17,669

21,500

25,123

20,640

14,431

11,886

11,336

11,614

8,911

4,187

4,167

6,027

8,060

4,983

3,582

4,379

5,970

5,979

7,890

2,293

2,520

2,244

2,567

1,604

1,254

943

1,076

585

512

4,554

3,843

3,881

3,626

3,359

2,935

3,775

3,649

3,964

3,463

29,317

19,882

19,598

17,802

18,218

24,638

26,941

28,533

30,736

23,359

16,733

16,309

10,339

10,019

6,635

9,168

11,635

10,029

13,612

13,295

114

73,805

64,405

63,618

67,197

55,439

56,010

59,559

60,593

66,490

57,430

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The total French catch has been relatively stable in the past decade, ranging between 55 000 tonnes and 74 000 tonnes, with the 2004 catch at 57 000 tonnes. The cod catch decreased from 25 000 tonnes in 1997 to 9 000 tonnes in 2003, while the hake catch decreased from 17 000 tonnes in 1994 to 7 000 tonnes in 1998, rising to 13 000 tonnes in 2003. The saithe catch has been the most productive in recent years and increased from 18 000 tonnes in 1997 and 1998 to 30 000 tonnes in 2002, dropping in 2003 to 23 000 tonnes. France also catches a few thousand tonnes of haddock and pollock each year with catches in 2003 of 8 000 tonnes of haddock and 3 000 tonnes of pollock. Cod In addition to its cod catch, which decreased rapidly from 25 000 tonnes in 1997 to 9 000 tonnes in 2003, France imports around 20 000 tonnes of chilled whole cod each year and a little under 20 000 tonnes of frozen fillets and cod meat. It also imports a few tonnes of frozen whole cod and an increasing volume of fresh fillets, amounting to some 4 000 tonnes. The export/re-export is low, with most of the import and catch consumed in France. France also has an annual net import of between 6 000 tonnes and 8 000 tonnes of cured cod products, mainly salted cod and klipfish of cod.

Table 63. French Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled filets

2,998

2,747

2,736

2,681

1,663

1,276

1,393

2,608

3,812

Fresh/chilled whole

30,551

27,352

21,155

24,879

22,714

20,335

19,073

21,415

20,620

Frozen filets

15,803

15,146

15,338

15,015

14,027

14,276

13,044

15,529

15,881

Frozen meat

5,188

3,823

6,293

5,425

5,066

3,094

2,588

3,261

4,054

Frozen whole

2,288

1,560

4,607

3,970

3,705

3,742

3,637

4,534

3,628

Total

56,828

50,628

50,129

51,970

47,175

42,723

39,735

47,347

47,995

Fresh/chilled filets

344

1,021

1,077

1,256

720

421

430

510

413

Fresh/chilled whole

581

1,084

496

370

196

229

395

356

317

Frozen filets

1,569

1,214

1,258

744

749

1,011

740

691

623

Frozen meat

146

136

187

103

223

Frozen whole

Total

2,545

3,420

2,935

2,551

1,833

1,884

1,735

1,657

1,595

Export

Net Import Fresh/chilled filets

2,654

1,726

1,659

1,425

943

855

963

2,098

3,399

Fresh/chilled whole

29,970

26,268

20,659

24,509

22,518

20,106

18,678

21,059

20,303

Frozen filets

14,234

13,932

14,080

14,271

13,278

13,265

12,304

14,838

15,258

Frozen meat

5,144

3,779

6,231

5,279

4,930

2,907

2,485

3,197

3,831

Frozen whole

2,281

1,503

4,565

3,935

3,673

3,706

3,570

4,498

3,609

Total

54,283

47,208

47,194

49,419

45,342

40,839

38,000

45,690

46,400

Source: Eurostat Alaska Pollock (Pollock) France is the second largest importer and consumer of Alaska pollock in EU15, after Germany. (Surimi import excluded.) The French import of Alaska pollock varied during the period from 37 000 tonnes in 1996, mostly of frozen fillets and meat/mince, to 53 000 tonnes in 2001 and 50 000 tonnes in 2004. It should be noted that EU15 countriesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; trade statistics do not show all trade of pollock and Alaska pollock per species. Fresh/chilled whole and frozen whole fish figures in the table include both species, but frozen fillets and frozen meat figures refer only to Alaska pollock. Table 64. French Import, Export and Net Import of Pollock/Alaska Pollock, MT Import Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total Export Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total Net Import Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total

1996 1,682 31,016 4,260 6 36,964

1997 1,498 30,480 5,427 2 37,407

1998 1,354 35,538 4,350 400 41,642

1999 1,535 31,717 3,593 58 36,903

2000 1,739 37,808 4,698 21 44,266

2001 1,730 45,181 5,855 8 52,774

2002 1,553 39,016 4,339 36 44,944

2003 1,584 38,907 4,807 11 45,309

2004 4,421 41,127 4,550 16 50,114

23 2,523 155 9 2,710

97 2,207 212 22 2,538

791 1,856 17 1 2,665

605 1,252 27 1 1,885

217 1,347 19 1,583

80 1,194 220 12 1,506

78 1,451 382 4 1,915

176 1,463 113 2 1,754

55 704 388 10 1,157

1,659 28,493 4,105 -3 34,254

1,401 28,273 5,215 -20 34,869

563 33,682 4,333 399 38,977

930 30,465 3,566 57 35,018

1,522 36,461 4,698 2 42,683

1,650 43,987 5,635 -4 51,268

1,475 37,565 3,957 32 43,029

1,408 37,444 4,694 9 43,555

4,366 40,423 4,162 6 48,957

Source: Eurostat

Hake France is the fourth largest importer of hake in the EU15 after Spain, Italy and Germany. The import consists mostly of frozen fillets and meat, with some frozen and chilled whole fish imported. The import of fillets decreased from 20 000 tonnes in 1996 to 14 000 tonnes in 2004, with the other categories more stable. There is a small re-export of hake from France. The French catch of hake decreased from 17 000 tonnes in 1994 to 7 000 tonnes in 1998 but rose again to 13 000 tonnes in 2003. Table 65. French Import, Export and Net Import of Hake, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled whole

2,466

2,806

3,033

3,640

3,232

3,196

2,361

2,228

2,917

Frozen filets

20,466

17,276

17,196

16,671

14,840

14,832

13,303

14,934

14,449

Frozen meat

1,267

1,056

1,655

1,708

2,177

1,856

1,187

584

1,726

Frozen whole

2,394

2,449

2,526

2,668

2,324

2,690

1,825

1,667

1,052

Total

26,593

23,587

24,410

24,687

22,573

22,574

18,676

19,413

20,144

Fresh/chilled whole

1,600

2,242

932

957

888

882

1,378

1,562

709

Frozen filets

1,556

830

417

399

1,178

1,301

764

417

263

Frozen meat

146

Frozen whole

212

686

129

194

182

301

153

Total

3,514

3,815

1,512

1,559

2,248

2,511

2,326

2,053

1,049

Fresh/chilled whole

866

564

2,101

2,683

2,344

2,314

983

666

2,208

Frozen filets

18,910

16,446

16,779

16,272

13,662

13,531

12,539

14,517

14,186

Frozen meat

1,121

999

1,621

1,699

2,177

1,829

1,156

582

1,714

Frozen whole

2,182

1,763

2,397

2,474

2,142

2,389

1,672

1,595

987

Total

23,079

19,772

22,898

23,128

20,325

20,063

16,350

17,360

19,095

Export

Net Import

Source: Eurostat Saithe France and Germany are the largest net importers of saithe in the EU15. The French catch is considerably higher than the German, making France the largest consumer of saithe in the EU15. The French import is almost equally divided between frozen fillets and chilled whole fish. The export/re-export was between 1 000 tonnes and 2 000 tonnes during the period and the net import ranged from 18 000 tonnes in 1996 to 22 000 tonnes in 2001, dropping to18 000 tonnes in 2003 and increasing to 28 000 tonnes in 2004. This pattern is likely to be connected to the French saithe catch, which increased from 18 000 tonnes in 1997 and 1998, to 30 000 tonnes in 2002, decreasing to 23 000 tonnes in 2003.

Table 66. French Import, Export and Net Import of Saithe, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled filets

1,660

1,965

1,416

1,403

747

796

510

612

525

Fresh/chilled whole

8,883

7,595

6,651

8,754

8,650

10,674

8,782

9,023

12,757

Frozen filets

6,933

7,541

8,321

9,845

8,448

10,834

9,579

8,292

14,093

Frozen meat

1,162

445

716

956

1,036

1,160

983

721

1,184

Frozen whole

249

382

498

199

198

346

785

348

224

Total

18,887

17,928

17,602

21,157

19,079

23,810

20,639

18,996

28,783

Fresh/chilled filets

244

325

503

496

582

324

317

234

174

Fresh/chilled whole

163

308

255

186

105

162

Frozen filets

880

668

561

603

560

1,776

1,668

1,037

861

Frozen meat

156

Frozen whole

Total

1,373

1,385

1,486

1,185

1,430

2,232

2,182

1,491

1,158

Fresh/chilled filets

1,416

1,640

913

907

165

472

193

378

351

Fresh/chilled whole

8,720

7,287

6,396

8,703

8,464

10,610

8,677

8,861

12,666

Frozen filets

6,053

6,873

7,760

9,242

7,888

9,058

7,911

7,255

13,232

Frozen meat

1,079

369

560

933

956

1,123

891

666

1,152

Frozen whole

246

374

487

187

176

315

785

345

224

Total

17,514

16,543

16,116

19,972

17,649

21,578

18,457

17,505

27,625

Export

Net Import

Source: Eurostat 3.5. Denmark â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a Processor of Groundfish Figure 65. Danish Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 160

160

140

140 hake 100

120

hoki

frozen whole

redfish

haddock

1000 MT

120

100

frozen meat/mince

frozen fillets

fresh/chilled whole fresh/chilled fillets

saithe

cod

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Statistics Denmark Denmark is a large importer of fresh whole and frozen whole cod and fresh whole saithe and haddock. Some redfish is imported for re-export. The Danish export is almost as large as the import in volume, while the export value is considerably larger than the import value. The import volume has decreased over the last three years, while the export volume has remained constant.

Figure 66. Danish Export of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 160

160

140

140 hoki

120

hake

100

redfish

haddock

1000 MT

120

saithe

frozen whole

100

frozen meat/mince

frozen fillets

fresh/chilled whole fresh/chilled fillets

cod

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Statistics Denmark Denmarkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s catch of the seven groundfish species peaked in 1996 at 102 000 tonnes, but by 2003 the catch had reduced to 45 000 tonnes. Cod is by far the most important species caught, with smaller amounts of haddock, saithe and hake, and minor amounts of pollock and redfish. Table 67. Denmark; Catches of Seven Groundfish species, MT Cod Haddock Redfish Pollock Saithe Hake Total

1994 55,221 4,768 42 1,301 4,331 2,128

1995 78,332 4,479 15 1,036 4,395 1,487

1996 90,741 5,050 21 1,049 4,708 868

1997 80,491 5,227 23 637 4,517 670

67,791

89,744

102,437 91,565

1998 69,025 5,786 27 564 3,973 591

1999 70,547 3,130 53 480 4,501 846

2000 57,018 2,707 43 490 3,536 811

2001 46,200 4,001 100 357 3,593 1,043

2002 37,867 8,920 43 464 5,686 1,163

2003 31,526 4,781 72 366 6,959 1,200

79,966

79,557

64,605

55,294

54,143

44,904

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Cod Denmarkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cod catch reached a peak in 1996 with 90 000 tonnes, but had reduced to 32 000 tonnes by 2003. The quota for 2004 was 25 000 tonnes. Denmark exports more cod than it imports and the export consists of more fillet products and less whole fish than the import. That means that the consumption in Denmark is considerably lower than its catch. The import for re-export (transit) of fresh whole cod was 9 000 tonnes in 2003 and 2004, almost all of which originated in Norway and the destination for which was France, the UK and the Netherlands. Most of the cod imported to and exported from Denmark is thus packed and processed in Denmark.

Table 68. Danish Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled filets

1,615

1,527

1,611

879

1,471

2,021

1,798

2,273

3,092

Fresh/chilled whole

52,185

45,998

33,187

34,490

31,186

31,637

27,592

29,940

28,254

Frozen filets

11,548

9,446

10,766

9,561

10,584

8,497

6,735

7,023

7,415

Frozen meat

1,445

1,097

1,267

847

1,470

917

1,065

2,579

2,812

Frozen whole

25,483

26,489

26,419

26,558

31,483

42,484

49,684

36,847

26,913

Total

92,276

84,557

73,249

72,335

76,194

85,557

86,874

78,662

68,486

Fresh/chilled filets

18,729

17,227

13,117

13,627

12,468

11,653

10,244

10,825

11,743

Fresh/chilled whole

37,200

33,857

30,389

31,874

31,684

25,067

28,218

39,768

57,249

Frozen filets

30,553

27,019

24,202

22,193

21,509

24,251

19,492

14,570

13,201

Frozen meat

2,338

2,553

2,014

1,358

1,534

1,194

1,278

1,482

1,142

Export

Frozen whole

5,552

4,162

4,736

5,537

9,282

14,381

20,236

16,093

5,585

Total

94,372

84,819

74,458

74,590

76,477

76,547

79,469

82,737

88,920

Fresh/chilled filets

-17,114

-15,700

-11,506

-12,748

-10,997

-9,632

-8,446

-8,552

-8,651

Fresh/chilled whole

14,985

12,142

2,798

2,615

-499

6,570

-626

-9,828

-28,996

Frozen filets

-19,005

-17,573

-13,436

-12,632

-10,925

-15,753

-12,758

-7,547

-5,787

Frozen meat

-892

-1,456

-747

-511

-64

-276

-213

1,097

1,671

Net Import

Frozen whole

19,931

22,326

21,683

21,021

22,201

28,103

29,448

20,755

21,328

Total

-2,096

-261

-1,209

-2,255

-283

9,011

7,405

-4,076

-20,435

Source: Statistics Denmark Fresh whole cod imported to Denmark is mostly of Norwegian and Swedish origin, but cod from Russia, Latvia, Estonia, Germany, Lithuania and Poland also ends up in Denmark for processing. Whole fresh cod exported from Denmark goes mostly to France, Spain and the Netherlands. Frozen whole cod imported to Denmark for processing is mostly of Russian origin, but in the past few years there has been an increasing amount from the USA, amounting to 5 000 tonnes in 2002, 6 000 tonnes in 2003, and 4 000 tonnes in 2004. Frozen whole cod exported from Denmark has recently been destined more for China and Poland and less to Portugal and Spain. Fresh cod fillets exported from Denmark go to other EU15 countries, mostly to Italy, Germany, France, Spain and Belgium. The frozen fillet export decreased from 31 000 tonnes in 1996 to 13 000 tonnes in 2004 and went mostly to other EU15 countries including the UK, France and Germany, with some to USA. Saithe The Danish saithe catch was around 4 000 tonnes a year until 2002 when EU15 quotas started to increase. The Danish catch was 6 000 tonnes in 2002 and 7 000 tonnes in 2003, while the quota for 2004 was 8 000 tonnes. Denmark imported between 20 000 tonnes and 28 000 tonnes of fresh whole saithe per year from 1996 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2004. Between 2 000 tonnes and 6 000 tonnes of this was imported from Norway for re-export (transit), mostly to Germany, Netherlands and France. The Danish export of fresh whole saithe goes to other EU15 countries and mostly to France, Germany and Netherlands. The Danish export of fresh fillets of saithe goes mostly to Germany. Danish import and export of frozen fillets increased until 2002, but reduced again in 2003 and 2004. More than two thirds of the frozen fillet volume is in transit from the Faeroe Islands to Germany and France. The remaining third is mostly in transit from Norway, together with the Danish import from the Faeroe Islands and Norway. The Danish export goes mostly to Germany and France and other EU15 countries including Finland and Greece.

Table 69. Danish Import, Export and Net Import of Saithe, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled filets

496

577

1,026

2,142

2,172

2,435

1,405

1,599

1,815

Fresh/chilled whole

24,046

20,290

21,742

22,506

22,602

24,610

28,378

26,664

19,683

Frozen filets

7,733

3,973

9,180

9,496

9,802

10,056

12,664

10,526

10,611

Frozen meat

1,537

324

1,033

2,955

3,570

3,629

2,692

3,009

4,416

Frozen whole

142

554

182

183

413

201

349

341

Total

33,954

25,252

33,536

37,281

38,329

41,143

45,340

42,148

36,866

Fresh/chilled filets

5,904

4,796

5,154

7,161

7,154

8,791

8,009

8,084

7,848

Fresh/chilled whole

6,265

6,220

7,593

10,755

9,469

10,001

9,613

15,384

13,533

Frozen filets

10,910

6,264

12,870

10,819

13,869

16,317

19,070

13,446

11,271

Frozen meat

1,472

292

1,036

3,025

3,907

4,639

3,248

2,902

3,863

Frozen whole

194

294

394

541

429

212

194

210

278

Total

24,745

17,866

27,047

32,300

34,827

39,960

40,134

40,025

36,793

Fresh/chilled filets

-5,409

-4,218

-4,128

-5,019

-4,982

-6,356

-6,604

-6,484

-6,033

Fresh/chilled whole

17,782

14,070

14,149

11,751

13,133

14,608

18,765

11,280

6,150

Frozen filets

-3,177

-2,291

-3,689

-1,323

-4,066

-6,261

-6,406

-2,919

-660

Frozen meat

-3

-69

-337

-1,010

-556

107

554

Frozen whole

-52

-205

160

-359

-247

202

139

Total

9,209

7,387

6,489

4,981

3,502

1,183

5,207

2,123

Export

Net Import

Source: Statistics Denmark Haddock The Danish haddock catch increased from 5 000 tonnes in 1994 to 9 000 tonnes in 2002. In 2003 the catch was 5 000 tonnes and the quota in 2004 was 6 000 tonnes. Denmark imports between 9 000 tonnes and 12 000 tonnes of fresh whole haddock each year, more than half of which is imported from Norway for re-export mainly to the UK. The Danish import also comes from Norway, with some from Sweden. Denmark exports fresh whole haddock to the UK and France. The increasing import of whole frozen haddock comes from Russia, while the export goes to China. The export of frozen fillets goes to the UK. Table 70. Danish Import, Export and Net Import of Haddock, MT Import Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total Export Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total Net Import Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total

1996 11,339 983 59 1,806 14,187

1997 12,810 839 612 14,260

1998 12,202 647 211 536 13,597

1999 9,414 430 328 1,293 11,464

2000 10,213 424 269 2,768 13,674

2001 11,365 76 190 4,048 15,679

2002 9,406 146 195 4,452 14,199

2003 12,458 545 396 2,602 16,001

2004 11,246 554 195 3,824 15,818

3,999 2,105 58 1,137 7,299

5,556 1,657 71 433 7,717

12,834 1,195 255 210 14,494

9,310 944 339 463 11,056

10,553 1,018 247 1,376 13,193

13,892 813 109 2,495 17,308

14,590 1,625 163 1,258 17,636

14,098 1,604 466 2,401 18,569

10,188 2,003 451 738 13,381

7,340 -1,122 1 669 6,888

7,254 -819 -71 179 6,543

-632 -547 -44 326 -898

104 -514 -10 829 409

-340 -594 23 1,392 482

-2,527 -737 82 1,553 -1,629

-5,184 -1,479 32 3,194 -3,437

-1,639 -1,059 -70 201 -2,568

1,057 -1,449 -257 3,086 2,438

Source: Statistics Denmark

Redfish Denmark has a very minor catch of redfish, and a small import and export. Of the yearly import of 3 000 tonnes to 7 000 tonnes of fresh whole redfish, more than half is imported for re-export (transit) from Norway. Both the Danish export and the transit go to France, Germany, Belgium and Netherlands. The annual import of frozen whole fish of between 1 000 tonnes and 4 000 tonnes originates in Greenland, Iceland and Norway and is exported to Portugal, Russia, Greece, Germany, Croatia, Italy and China. Table 71. Danish Import, Export and Net Import of Redfish, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled filets

629

578

1,128

1,644

1,671

1,331

753

636

958 3,888

Fresh/chilled whole

4,894

4,305

5,328

6,156

7,265

5,375

2,989

3,524

Frozen filets

1,103

541

468

558

338

995

559

796

1,884

Frozen meat

Frozen whole

1,836

1,492

1,635

2,885

3,651

4,298

2,964

3,673

2,521

Total

8,477

6,917

8,559

11,264

12,925

11,999

7,266

8,629

9,251

609

832

1,291

1,396

1,690

1,338

806

724

1,126 3,952

Export Fresh/chilled filets Fresh/chilled whole

2,026

1,691

5,388

5,753

6,420

5,318

2,729

3,566

Frozen filets

953

652

445

420

476

984

643

705

907

Frozen meat

Frozen whole

1,696

1,487

1,600

2,877

3,564

5,231

3,263

3,598

1,978

Total

5,309

4,664

8,814

10,488

12,162

12,871

7,442

8,605

7,963

Fresh/chilled filets

-254

-163

248

-19

-6

-53

-88

-168

Fresh/chilled whole

2,868

2,614

-59

403

845

260

-42

-64

Frozen filets

150

-111

138

-137

-84

977

Frozen meat

-11

-1

-90

-22

-13

-12

Frozen whole

140

-932

-299

543

Total

3,168

2,253

-255

776

762

-871

-176

1,289

Net Import

Source: Statistics Denmark 3.6. The Netherlands â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a Trader in Groundfish The Netherlandsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; import of the seven groundfish species increased from a little under 50 000 tonnes a year before 2003, to 87 000 tonnes in 2004. The import consists mostly of frozen fillets of cod, Alaska pollock, saithe, hake and redfish, and fresh and frozen whole cod. Imports of Alaska pollock and cod have increased in the past few years, while imports of other species remain constant or are decreasing. Figure 67. The Netherlands; Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 90

90 80

hoki

haddock

redfish

hake

saithe

cod

70 60 1000 MT

1000 MT

50 40 30

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat

frozen whole frozen meat/mince frozen fillets fresh/chilled whole fresh/chilled fillets

The Netherlands’ import of chilled whole cod decreased from 16 000 tonnes in 1996 to 8 000 tonnes in 2004. About one third of this is exported/re-exported as chilled whole cod. The import of frozen cod fillets increased from 3 000 tonnes in 1996 to 17 000 tonnes in 2004. Most of this is re-exported, with only a few thousand tonnes consumed each year in the Netherlands. Figure 68. The Netherlands; Export of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 60

60 hoki

haddock

40 30

hake AP

frozen whole

redfish

1000 MT

frozen meat/mince 30

frozen fillets fresh/chilled whole

fresh/chilled fillets

saithe 10

cod

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat The Netherlands’ import of Alaska pollock increased from 4 000 tonnes in 1996 to 19 000 tonnes in 2004, most of which was consumed in the Netherlands. The Netherlands annually imports between 2 000 tonnes and 4 000 tonnes of chilled whole saithe which is not reexported. The import of frozen saithe fillets increased from 1 000 tonnes in 1996 to 11 000 tonnes in 2004, more than half of which was re-exported. The Netherlands imported 14 000 tonnes of frozen hake fillets in 1996 but just 8 000 tonnes in 2004. As more than 4 000 tonnes of this is re-exported each year, the country’s net-import/consumption decreased. The Netherlands imported increasing quantities of whole frozen redfish in 2004, amounting to 3 000 tonnes, together with 4 000 tonnes of frozen fillets. Most of the whole frozen fish were re-exported with some fillets consumed in the Netherlands. The Netherlands has a large export/re-export of groundfish and the export of fresh fillets is larger than or the same as the import, which means that a certain amount of processing of fresh fillets for export takes place within the Netherlands. Table 72. Netherlands; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT Cod Haddock Redfish Pollack Saithe Hake Total

1994 6,512 95 8 14 17 75

1995 11,189 146 29 17 9 78

1996 9,307 111 41 19 19 111

1997 11,838 494 53 15 42 62

1998 14,724 289 20 7 8 75

1999 9,075 115 16 5 7 98

2000 6,000 121 19 5 11 43

2001 3,656 295 8 1 19 72

2002 4,714 360 15 1 5 18

2003 2,372 194 89 2 21 24

6,721

11,468

9,608

12,504

15,123

9,316

6,199

4,051

5,113

2,702

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The Netherlands still has a small catch of groundfish species, mostly of North Sea cod, amounting to 2 400 tonnes in 2003, which was a large decrease from 15 000 tonnes in 1998. 3.7. Portugal – Whole Frozen Orientation Portugal imports large quantities of groundfish both as chilled/frozen and salted or dried/salted fish of different qualities and species. A large proportion of the imported groundfish is generally salted in Portugal before being consumed. The Portuguese import of

chilled/frozen fish is mainly frozen whole cod and hake, amounting to 60 000 tonnes to 75 000 tonnes per year. There is also a small volume import of frozen whole redfish and Alaska pollock, and some frozen fillets of hake, Alaska pollock and cod. Portuguese catches of the seven groundfish species declined from 25 000 tonnes in 1994 to 23 000 tonnes in 2003 and consisted of redfish, cod and hake. In the period the volume of redfish varied between 5 000 tonnes and 12 000 tonnes, while the Cod catch decreased from about 8 000 tonnes in the mid 1990s to about 4 000 tonnes in recent years. The hake catch was 10 000 tonnes in 1996 and between 3 000 tonnes and 7 000 tonnes per year thereafter. Figure 69. Portuguese Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 100 90

70 60 50 40 30 20 10

hoki

redfish

frozen whole

haddock

frozen meat/mince

frozen fillets

fresh/chilled whole

fresh/chilled fillets

1000 MT

100 90 80

saithe AP hake

cod

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat Table 73. Portugal; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT Cod Haddock Redfish Pollack Saithe Hake Hoki Total

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

8,280

7,323

8,083

9,079

6,042

4,212

3,778

4,384

4,118

4,305

765

607

208

207

144

128

231

396

11,482

9,355

5,059

5,343

6,638

10,453

9,968

8,321

9,723

11,752

132

270

4,788

6,154

9,738

4,253

3,960

3,785

3,106

3,671

6,742

6,679

25,331

23,446

23,114

18,897

16,745

18,536

17,107

16,631

20,991

23,433

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Cod Portugal is the third largest importer of fresh/frozen cod in the EU15 after the UK and Denmark, and since Denmark exports/re-exports most of the cod it imports, this makes Portugal the second largest net importer after the UK. Portugal had an average net import of some 40 000 tonnes per year in recent years, most of which was frozen whole fish for salting. The re-export is 4 000 tonnes to 5 000 tonnes per year and the annual catch is approximately the same. The net import of cod increased from 21 000 tonnes in 2000 to 46 000 tonnes in 2004. Portuguese export/re-export of cod usually goes to Spain, France and the UK, but in 2003/2004 there was also a significant export to China.

Table 74. Portuguese Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT Import

1996

Fresh/chilled filets

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

108

110

Fresh/chilled whole

705

759

204

2,207

725

1,310

908

834

3,118

Frozen filets

147

412

538

708

817

892

144

Frozen meat

114

362

260

529

1,358

1,586

2,309

1,125

Frozen whole

44,129

30,645

25,124

41,184

24,366

36,433

38,513

44,433

46,049

Total

44,891

31,612

25,945

44,173

26,190

39,875

41,898

48,522

50,470

Export Fresh/chilled filets Fresh/chilled whole

618

1,953

722

Frozen filets

1,334

1,559

393

1,383

870

874

1,073

487

293

Frozen meat

194

689

172

152

182

223

183

393

457

Frozen whole

3,539

3,550

3,343

3,178

3,106

3,413

2,580

3,392

3,347

Total

5,075

5,856

4,537

6,666

4,899

4,538

3,887

4,284

4,156

Fresh/chilled filets

110

Fresh/chilled whole

697

707

-414

254

1,307

859

822

3,082

Frozen filets

-1,298

-1,485

-246

-971

-332

-166

-256

405

-149

Frozen meat

-173

-575

190

108

347

1,135

1,403

1,916

668

Frozen whole

40,590

27,095

21,781

38,006

21,260

33,020

35,933

41,041

42,702

Total

39,816

25,756

21,408

37,507

21,291

35,337

38,011

44,238

46,314

Net Import

Source: Eurostat Portugal also had a yearly net import of between 45 000 tonnes and 81 000 tonnes of cured cod products in the years 1996 to 2004, mostly of salted fish with some klipfish of cod. Table 75. Portuguese Import, Export and Net Import of Klipfish and Salted Cod, MT Klipfish

Salted fish

Total

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Import

17,703

18,949

19,202

19,212

16,298

16,762

18,921

20,121

22,692

Export

1,475

1,729

1,165

1,497

2,263

3,000

3,379

3,629

5,231

Net import

16,228

17,220

18,037

17,715

14,035

13,762

15,542

16,492

17,461

Import

66,127

63,940

60,958

56,351

46,646

43,966

36,457

29,961

37,651

Export

980

2,096

410

1,572

1,351

2,621

1,883

1,418

1,185

Net import

65,147

61,844

60,548

54,779

45,295

41,345

34,574

28,543

36,466

Import

83,830

82,889

80,160

75,563

62,944

60,728

55,378

50,082

60,343

Export

2,455

3,825

1,575

3,069

3,614

5,621

5,262

5,047

6,416

Net import

81,375

79,064

78,585

72,494

59,330

55,107

50,116

45,035

53,927

Source: Eurostat Hake Portugal was the third largest net-importer of hake after Spain and Italy in 2004, with a net import of 34 000 tonnes. Portugal has traditionally imported similar volumes of hake to Italy, but while Italyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s import consists mainly of frozen fillets, Portugal imports mostly whole frozen fish. Portugalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s net import of hake was stable at between 25 000 tonnes and 28 000 tonnes of whole frozen fish, with a couple of tonnes of fresh whole fish, from 1996 to 2004, while the import of frozen fillets increased from 3 000 tonnes to 6 000 in the same period.

Table 76. Portuguese Import, Export and Net Import of Hake, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled whole

1,575

1,988

2,657

2,920

2,812

2,719

2,637

2,685

2,566

Frozen filets

3,353

3,295

4,007

4,792

4,855

4,123

4,165

6,144

7,287

Frozen meat

1,359

986

1,489

495

453

1,399

2,165

1,758

1,425

Frozen whole

29,190

27,922

28,889

28,484

27,793

28,619

26,779

28,117

26,502

Total

35,477

34,191

37,042

36,691

35,913

36,860

35,746

38,704

37,780 453

Export Fresh/chilled whole

128

231

140

189

128

165

279

Frozen filets

159

420

215

391

174

169

153

407

853

Frozen meat

291

369

502

1,122

831

678

984

Frozen whole

1,000

978

925

826

847

665

371

724

1,303

Total

1,260

1,541

1,662

1,726

1,712

2,084

1,520

2,088

3,593

Net Import Fresh/chilled whole

1,522

1,860

2,426

2,780

2,623

2,591

2,472

2,406

2,113

Frozen filets

3,194

2,875

3,792

4,401

4,681

3,954

4,012

5,737

6,434

Frozen meat

1,311

971

1,198

126

-49

277

1,334

1,080

441

Frozen whole

28,190

26,944

27,964

27,658

26,946

27,954

26,408

27,393

25,199

Total

34,217

32,650

35,380

34,965

34,201

34,776

34,226

36,616

34,187

Source: Eurostat 3.8. Italy â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Strong Hake Focus Italyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s import of fresh and frozen groundfish decreased from 57 000 tonnes in 1996 to 50 000 tonnes in 2004. In addition the catch decreased from 36 000 tonnes in 1994 to 11 000 tonnes in 2003. The catch consists only of hake and hake is the major species imported, but there is also a small cod import which decreased from 13 000 tonnes in 1996 to 9 000 tonnes in 2004. The hake import comprises an increasing share of frozen fillets and a decreasing share of frozen whole fish. Italy has very little export/re-export of this groundfish species but has a traditional annual import and consumption of cured products, mostly of cod, with a few thousand tonnes of other species. Figure 70. Italian import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 60

haddock

saithe

40 1000 MT

1000 MT

AP 30

hoki

redfish

frozen whole frozen meat/mince

frozen fillets fresh/chilled whole

fresh/chilled fillets

cod

hake 0

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat Table 77. Italy; Catches of Seven Groundfish species, MT Hake

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

36,334

38,100

30,707

17,971

13,166

9,754

9,220

9,304

9,918

10,759

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production

Hake Italy is the second largest hake importer and net importer in the EU15 after Spain. The import varied from 40 000 tonnes in 1996 to 36 000 tonnes in 2004 and consists of an increasing share of frozen fillets, rising from 40 percent to 60 percent. The remainder is frozen whole fish and a few tonnes of meat/mince per year. Italy has almost no export/re-export of hake. Table 78. Italian Import, Export and Net Import of Hake, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Fresh/chilled whole

950

663

699

451

344

361

345

602

802

Frozen filets

14,875

14,660

18,043

18,095

15,723

18,133

22,358

21,323

23,124

Frozen meat

1,859

2,044

1,700

1,948

2,281

2,849

2,641

2,039

1,061

Frozen whole

23,121

20,914

19,859

18,903

15,612

14,135

13,860

10,602

11,260

Total

40,805

38,281

40,301

39,397

33,960

35,478

39,204

34,566

36,247

Fresh/chilled whole

1,347

834

477

248

348

279

250

163

288

Frozen filets

293

217

298

191

101

Frozen meat

208

Frozen whole

1,801

1,002

815

514

202

205

1,301

363

180

Total

3,486

2,106

1,667

996

676

742

1,636

592

531

Export

Net Import Fresh/chilled whole

-397

-171

222

203

-4

439

514

Frozen filets

14,582

14,443

17,745

17,904

15,622

18,083

22,286

21,259

23,062

Frozen meat

1,814

1,991

1,623

1,905

2,256

2,641

2,628

2,037

1,060

Frozen whole Total

21,320 37,319

19,912 36,175

19,044 38,634

18,389 38,401

15,410 33,284

13,930 34,736

12,559 37,568

10,239 33,974

11,080 35,716

Source: Eurostat Cod Italyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s import of cod products declined from 13 000 tonnes in 1996 to 9 000 tonnes in 2004, while its major product frozen fillets, decreased from 7 000 tonnes in 1996 to 3 000 tonnes in 2004. Italy is one of the markets that imports all types of cod products and from 1996 to 2004, the country imported a few thousand tonnes per year each of fresh fillets, frozen whole and chilled whole cod. Table 79. Italian Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT Import Fresh/chilled filets Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total Export Fresh/chilled filets Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total Net Import Fresh/chilled filets Fresh/chilled whole Frozen filets Frozen meat Frozen whole Total

1996 2,251 1,838 6,636 109 1,902 12,736

1997 2,456 2,088 5,104 159 1,641 11,448

1998 2,262 2,498 5,006 199 1,460 11,425

1999 2,455 2,284 3,937 127 1,789 10,592

2000 2,148 2,023 3,306 103 1,680 9,260

2001 2,021 1,782 3,343 103 2,083 9,332

2002 1,975 1,777 2,798 64 1,399 8,013

2003 2,233 1,840 2,342 225 1,589 8,229

2004 2,280 1,575 2,881 329 1,707 8,772

18 1,662 104 1 481 2,266

18 1,547 54 10 340 1,969

11 1,407 118 129 1,665

25 677 18 432 1,152

31 450 19 378 878

35 354 41 4 241 675

13 407 24 919 1,363

38 381 32 2 545 998

21 283 36 1 469 810

2,233 176 6,532 108 1,421 10,470

2,438 541 5,050 149 1,301 9,479

2,251 1,091 4,888 199 1,331 9,760

2,430 1,607 3,919 127 1,357 9,440

2,117 1,573 3,287 103 1,302 8,382

1,986 1,428 3,302 99 1,842 8,657

1,962 1,370 2,774 64 480 6,650

2,195 1,459 2,310 223 1,044 7,231

2,259 1,292 2,845 328 1,238 7,962

Source: Eurostat 89

The traditional Italian import of cured cod products decreased from 23 000 tonnes in 1996 to 18 000 tonnes in 2004. It consists mostly of salted cod and klipfish fillets, but also klipfish and dried cod. Table 80. Italian Import of Cured Cod Products, MT 1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Klippfish

4,974

3,742

3,450

3,402

2,117

2,496

2,429

2,406

2,753

Salted fish

8,221

7,304

6,896

5,809

5,241

6,848

4,521

5,801

6,123

Dried fish

3,685

3,986

3,660

2,378

2,368

2,950

2,601

3,199

3,461

Klippfish fillets

6,108

6,424

5,458

5,309

4,669

5,541

5,760

5,824

5,897

Total

22,988

21,456

19,464

16,898

14,395

17,835

15,311

17,230

18,234

Source: Eurostat 3.9. Belgium /Luxemburg â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Fresh Fillets Focus The Belgian (Luxembourg included) import of the seven groundfish species is between 25 000 tonnes and 30 000 tonnes per year and the catch is 3 000 tonnes to 4 000 tonnes of cod and less than 1 000 tonnes of haddock. Belgium imports mostly frozen fillets of cod, hake, saithe and Alaska pollock and fresh fillets/whole fresh saithe, cod and redfish. Belgium exports/re-exports about one third of the fresh/frozen fish it imports/catches. Figure 71. Belgian Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 35

35 30

hoki

redfish

haddock

1000 MT

saithe 15

AP hake

frozen whole

frozen meat/mince frozen fillets

fresh/chilled whole fresh/chilled fillets

cod

5 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat Table 81. Belgium; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT Cod Haddock Redfish Pollack Saithe Hake Total

1994 3,611

1995 5,938

1996 4,491

1997 5,677

1998 6,893

1999 4,540

2000 3,693

2001 3,207

2002 3,506

2003 1,856

706

648

394

746

976

569

512

840

737

511

144

158

115

119

113

108

116

137

143

125

169

236

161

264

256

208

126

120

105

117

124

4,789

7,072

5,222

6,876

8,316

5,520

4,569

4,344

4,600

2,613

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Table 82. Belgium; Export/Re-export of Seven Groundfish Species, MT 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 520 624 966 1023 1,398 Fresh/chilled fillets 1,019 1,585 3,429 1,447 5,619 Fresh/chilled whole 2,331 3,734 5,397 5,971 6,451 Frozen fillets 132 157 163 119 209 Frozen meat/mince 1279 374 152 841 1144 Frozen whole Total 5,281 6,474 10,107 9,401 14,821

Source: Eurostat 90

2001 1,379 2,836 8,094 145 1,065 13,519

2002 1,496 2,402 5,961 13 738 10,610

2003 2,215 1,909 7,327 656 12,107

2004 2,880 1,813 8,446 76 498 13,713

3.10. Sweden – Low Import for Consumption The Swedish import increased from just below 30 000 tonnes before 2000 to more than 40 000 tonnes in 2004. Sweden imports mostly fresh whole fish and frozen fillets, but also exports/re-exports (in transit) 15 000 tonnes to 20 000 tonnes of fresh whole fish and a few tonnes of fresh/frozen fillets. Swedish catches of cod decreased from 31 000 tonnes in 1994 to 16 000 tonnes in 2003 due to lower catches/quotas in the Skagerrak – Kategat - Baltic Sea areas. The cod quota in 2004 was about 14 000 tonnes.

Figure 72. Swedish Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, SevenGroundfish Species 45

hake

hoki

redfish

haddock

saithe

1000 MT

frozen whole frozen meat/mince

frozen fillets

fresh/chilled whole

fresh/chilled fillets

cod

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat Sweden imported 6 000 to 7 000 tonnes of fresh whole cod and 6 000 to 8 000 tonnes of frozen cod fillets per year in the past few years, but exported/re-exported some 10 000 tonnes of fresh whole cod, mainly to Denmark, France and the Netherlands. The import of saithe consisted of an increasing volume of fresh whole fish, rising from 2 000 tonnes to 4 000 tonnes, plus some 2 000 tonnes to 3 000 tonnes of frozen fillets and an increasing volume of fresh fillets, rising to more than 1 000 tonnes in 2004. It is interesting to note that the import of Alaska pollock fillets increased to about 6 000 tonnes per year in 2004 and that most of the haddock and redfish import is exported/re-exported. Table 83. Sweden; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT Cod Haddock Redfish Pollack Saithe Hake Total

1994 30,986 959 4 350 5,366 170

1995 33,186 1,265 1 510 1,998 69

1996 41,827 1,226 0 355 1,773 45

1997 34,797 1,519 0 261 1,649 33

1998 22,475 1,013 0 180 1,857 26

1999 22,597 895 1 160 1,929 27

2000 23,174 964 0 124 1,468 34

2001 24,111 1,087 0 108 1,628 63

2002 17,383 965 0 112 1,868 51

2003 16,310 642 0 53 1,880 55

37,835

37,029

45,226

38,259

25,551

25,609

25,764

26,997

20,379

18,940

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production 3.11. Ireland – a Small but Increasing Groundfish Importer Ireland imported the least of the seven groundfish species of all EU15 countries until 2003, but during 2004 the Irish import increased while some of the other countries’ import decreased.

Figure 73. Irish import of chilled/frozen products, Seven Groundfish species 5

saithe

4 frozen whole

hake

1000 MT

AP hoki 2

redfish

frozen meat/mince

frozen fillets 2

fresh/chilled whole fresh/chilled fillets

haddock

cod

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat The Irish catch of the seven groundfish species decreased from 17 000 tonnes in 1997 to 8 000 tonnes in 2003. Despite smaller catches in the last few years the import is just 2 000 to 4 000 tonnes per year. The import in the past few years consists mostly of frozen cod fillets, cod products, haddock and some redfish. At the same time Ireland has exported between 2 000 tonnes and 3 000 tonnes of whole fresh/chilled and whole frozen groundfish of these species each year. Table 84. Ireland; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT Cod Haddock Redfish Pollack Saithe Hake Total

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

4,963

5,650

7,258

5,702

5,294

3,860

2,928

2,653

2,503

1,694

2,860

3,417

4,421

6,234

6,572

4,898

5,812

5,404

3,509

2,788

171

186

433

297

947

1,190

1,288

1,052

946

1,049

1,131

1,382

1,334

1,238

2,355

2,929

2,514

1,841

1,687

1,704

1,743

2,048

1,354

924

2,175

2,186

1,741

2,270

1,971

2,090

2,037

1,124

698

1,077

13,315

15,390

17,237

17,147

16,541

13,772

13,837

13,044

9,695

7,808

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production 3.12. Greece â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Decreasing Groundfish Imports The Greek hake catch decreased from 6 000 tonnes in 1994 to 3 000 tonnes in 2003 and its import of groundfish also decreased, from 12 000 tonnes in 1996 to 9 000 tonnes in 2004. The import consists mostly of whole frozen hake and redfish, and frozen fillets of hake. An increasing export of frozen cod fillets amounted to 1 053 tonnes in 2004. Figure 74. Greek Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 14

hoki

saithe

haddock

cod

10 1000 MT

1000 MT

redfish 2

frozen fillets fresh/chilled whole

fresh/chilled fillets

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat

frozen meat/mince

hake

frozen whole

Table 85. Greece; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT Hake

1994 6,429

1995 5,454

1996 4,649

1997 4,257

1998 3,052

1999 3,128

2000 2,969

2001 2,753

2002 3,279

2003 3,171

FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production

3.13. Austria â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Imports only Fillets Austria has no catches of the seven groundfish species, and its import is around 4 000 tonnes per year. This consists mostly of frozen Alaska pollock fillets, fresh and frozen cod fillets and frozen saithe fillets. Figure 75. Austrian import of chilled/frozen products, Seven groundfish species 6

1000 MT

haddock

4 1000 MT

hoki hake

redfish saithe

0 1996 1997

1998 1999 2000 2001

frozen meat/mince 3

frozen fillets fresh/chilled whole

cod

frozen whole

fresh/chilled fillets

1 0 1996

2002 2003 2004

1998

2000

2002

2004

Source: Eurostat

3.14. Finland â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Mainly Frozen Saithe Fillets Finland has some small catches of cod, and the import of the seven groundfish species has been around 5 000 tonnes per year over the past few years. The import consists mostly of frozen saithe fillets and frozen whole redfish, with some 30 - 40 tonnes of fresh cod fillets per year, which increased to 63 tonnes in 2004. Figure 76. Finnish Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species 6

6 haddock

hoki

4 3

hake AP

frozen meat/mince 3

frozen fillets fresh/chilled whole

redfish 1

frozen whole

cod

1000 MT

saithe

fresh/chilled fillets

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat

Table 86. Finland; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT Cod

1994 529

1995 1,861

1996 3,139

1997 1,543

1998 1,037

FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production

1999 1,572

2000 1,824

2001 1,723

2002 1,049

2003 1,168

4. Most Important Suppliers to EU15 The import value into the EU15 of chilled/frozen products from the seven groundfish species increased from 1.36 billion euros in 1991 to 2.3 billion euros in 2004. In 2004 the largest trade partner for the EU15 countries for fresh and frozen groundfish from the seven defined species was Iceland, followed by Norway, China, USA, Russia and Namibia. The increased importance of Iceland, China and the USA as trade partners for EU15 countries is important to note. Figure 77. EU15 Import Fresh/Chilled and Frozen Products from Seven Groundfish Species, Values Other

2,500

Uruguay New Zealand

Million EURO

2,000

Poland Chile

1,500

Argentina Faroe Isles

1,000

South Africa Namibia Russia

500

USA China 2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Norway Iceland

Source: Eurostat The countries exporting groundfish to the EU15 can be divided into three groups. The first group are exporters of cod, haddock, saithe and redfish, and most of their export is to the EU15. This group includes Iceland, Norway and the Faeroe Islands. In the second group are China, USA and Russia, which are the main exporters of Alaska pollock to the EU15 market, but who also export cod and other groundfish species. The third group are countries that mainly supply just one species to the EU15 market, such as Namibia, South Africa, Argentine, Chile and Uruguay for hake, New Zealand for hoki, and Poland for cod. Traditionally Norway and Iceland have been the most important suppliers of groundfish to the EU15, but during the past ten years Russia, China and the USA have gained in importance. In 2004 Iceland was the most important supplier in terms of value, followed by Norway, China, USA, Russia and Namibia. The discussion that follows looks at these countries in-group order. 4.1. Iceland – Largest Exporter to the EU15 in 2004 Seafood is the most important export product for Iceland. In 1994 almost 80 per cent of the Icelandic export was seafood, but by 2003 it had declined to 62 per cent. Today fisheries accounts for 12.4 percent of the Icelandic GNP and employs 6.7 percent of the labour force. (Source: Alda Moller: talk at “Hvitfiskkonferansen 2004”, by NSEC Tromsø Norway)

Icelandic seafood exports amounted to 107 billion ISK in 2004 (1.2 billion euros), up from 67 billion ISK in 1990. Most of this export consisted of groundfish, but there were also considerable values/amounts of crustaceans, mostly shrimp, and pelagic fish. The shrimp export was worth 11.7 billion ISK, herring 3.9 billion ISK and capelin 4.3 billion ISK in 2004. ‘Other products’ exported include lumpfish roe, salmon and molluscs, while ‘other fish based products fresh or frozen’ are unspecified. Consumption of the last category increased considerably in 2003 and 2004. Figure 78. Icelandic Export of Seafood, Values 120

Billion ISK

100 80

Other Pelagic's

Crustaceans Ground fish

40 20

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) The Icelandic groundfish export grew from 55 billion ISK in 1990 to 80 billion ISK in 2004. 324 000 tonnes were exported in 1990, decreasing to 273 000 tonnes in 2004. Figure 79. Icelandic Export of Ground fish, Volumes (and Values) 350

300

80 70 Other

200

Cured

150

Frozen

Billion ISK

Fresh/chilled

100

Other

Cured

Frozen

Fresh/chilled

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

0 1991

0 1990

1991

1990

1000 MT

250

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) Frozen groundfish has traditionally been the most important export product for Iceland, but fresh fish and especially fresh fillets, have increased in importance in the past few years. Approximately 60 percent of the export volume is in frozen fish, while cured and fresh fish account for 20 percent each. In 2004 52 percent was frozen, 25 percent chilled and 22 percent cured. There was a larger fresh export in the early nineties consisting of chilled whole fish, mainly cod, haddock and redfish. In value the cured products are more important than in volume. In 2004 the volume was 22 percent of the total groundfish while the value was 28 percent. The volume export of cured products, mainly of salted cod/salted cod fillets, is around 50 000 tonnes per year, plus some 10 000 tonnes to 13 000 tonnes of dried cod heads. There is also an annual export of salted saithe/salted saithe fillets of 4 000 tonnes to 5 000 tonnes. In 2004, 1 000 ton of dried haddock heads was exported.

Figure 80. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Groundfish, Volumes and Values 60

300

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

Cod

1990

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

0 1992

1991

50 1990

Redfish

1997

Cod

Haddock

1996

Redfish

100

Saithe

1995

Haddock

1994

150

Other

1993

Saithe

1992

200

1991

Other Billion ISK

1000 MT

250

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa)

The category ‘Others’ in the species graphs consists mostly of flat fish. In 2004 the export was 22 000 tonnes of Greenland halibut, plaice and other flatfish, together with some wolfish, ling and anglerfish. In 2004, 7 000 tonnes of anglerfish was exported. The most important species exported as a fresh/frozen product is cod, but redfish and haddock are also important for the Icelandic fish industry. Most of the groundfish is exported to the EU15, but cod and haddock are also exported to the USA, and redfish is exported to Japan. Figure 81. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Groundfish, Volumes and Values 300

250

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1990

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

0 1993

0 1992

1991

1990

USA

1995

100

Japan

1994

USA

Other

1993

150

1992

Japan

1991

Other

Billion ISK

1000 MT

200

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) The category ‘Others’ in the countries graphs mainly refers to whole frozen redfish exported to China and whole frozen Greenland halibut exported to Taiwan, but in the past few years, it also refers to frozen redfish and frozen saithe fillets, mainly to Russia, Poland and Lithuania. Cod Iceland has exported about 60 000 tonnes of fresh/frozen cod products per year since 1998. In 2004 the export was 67 000 tonnes. The majority of the export goes to the EU15 and to the USA. The Icelandic export to the USA amounted to 18 000 tonnes in 1990, increased to 23 000 tonnes in 1996 and 1997, but declined to 11 000 tonnes in 2004. The export to the USA in the past few years consisted mostly of frozen fillets, with some frozen meat and blocks. The larger export of fillet blocks in the early to mid nineties has now been replaced by a larger export of sea frozen fillets.

Table 87. Icelandic Catches of Cod, 1000 MT 1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

376

354

333

307

267

261

215

203

204

209

243

261

238

240

213

206

227

Sources: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production/Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) The pattern of export is consistent with the Icelandic cod catch, which was at its highest before 1990 and decreased to 333 000 tonnes in 1990, before rising and falling to a level of 227 000 tonnes in 2004. The Icelandic export of cured cod products was relatively constant during the period, amounting to between 35 000 tonnes and 45 000 tonnes before 1996, rising to around 50 000 tonnes per year thereafter. Most of this was salted cod and salted cod fillets, with an increasing amount of dried cod heads, rising from 5 000 tonnes in 1990 to 13 000 tonnes in 2004. Figure 82. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Cod, Volume and Values 100

Others

USA

Billion ISK

1000 MT

30 20

20 Others 15

USA EU

10 5

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1990

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1991

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) Figure 83. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod to the EU15, Volumes and Values

Frozen meat/mince

Frozen whole

Frozen fillets

Fresh whole

Billion ISK

1000 MT

Fresh fillets/mince

20 10

Frozen meat/mince Frozen whole Frozen fillets Fresh whole Fresh fillets/mince

1990 1991 1992 1993

2003 2004

2000 2001 2002

1997 1998 1999

1995 1996

1992 1993 1994

1990 1991

22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) The volume of cod exported from Iceland to the EU15 has been in excess of 40 000 tonnes per year since 1998, increasing to 55 000 tonnes in 2004. The export consists mostly of frozen fillets/fillet blocks, with some fresh whole fish and an increasing volume of fresh fillets since 1998. After 1997 the value increased more than the volume, with the unit price of fresh fillets especially high. In the mid 1990s Iceland reduced the production of blocks from 17 000 tonnes per year to between 4,000 tonnes and 7 000 tonnes. At the same time it increased the export of other sea and land frozen cod fillets, all of which factors account for the steep increase in value of the Icelandic cod export since the mid 1990s. Unit value increases on cod exported from Iceland between 1990 and 2004 were largest on fresh fillets, which rose from under 200 ISK/kg in 1990 to approximately 650 ISK/kg. The

other products, frozen fillets, frozen meat/mince and fresh/chilled whole fish followed the same pattern, with a stable price/small increase from 1990 to 1997, followed by a steeper price increase until 2002, then a decrease, but mostly on frozen mince/meat. The development in the frozen fillet price was influenced by the composition of the fillet group, with the volume of lower value blocks decreasing and sea frozen and land frozen fillets increasing. Figure 84. Icelandic Export of Cod to the EU15, Prices ISK 700 600

ISK/Kg

500

Fresh fillets/mince

400

Fresh whole

300

Frozen fillets Frozen meat/mince

200 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) Figure 85. Icelandic Export of Cod. Composition of the Fillet Category, Volume percentages 100% 90% 80% 70% Sea frozen block

60%

Land frozen block

50%

Frozen meat/mince Sea frozen fillets

40%

Land frozen fillets 30% 20% 10% 2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) Fillet blocks accounted for more than 40 percent of the export in 1990, decreased to 20 percent between 1993 and 1995, then decreased further to 10 percent from 2001 to 2004. Land frozen fillets decreased to 38 percent of the total in 1990 and 30 percent in 1996, but increased to 54 percent in 2004. Sea frozen fillets made up18 percent in 1990, increased to 42 percent in 1995, but decreased slowly to 27 percent in 2004. Frozen meat/mince had a 2 percent share in 1990, but slowly increased to 10 percent in the past few years. From 1998 onwards, sea frozen fillets commanded the highest unit value of the frozen fillet products, whereas between 1993 and 1997, land frozen fillets had a higher value than sea frozen. Land frozen blocks had the lowest unit value in the fillet category during the whole period, while frozen mince/meat had the lowest unit value of all.

Figure 86. Export of Cod to EU15, Prices (ISK) on Main Fillet Products 600 500

ISK/Kg

400

Land frozen fillets Sea frozen fillets

300

Frozen meat/mince Land frozen block

200 100

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) Iceland was the first third country to build a substantial fresh fillet industry supplying into the EU15 market and consequently commanded a high price. Fresh cod fillets are mainly air freighted into the UK. The UK market for chilled seafood products has been increasing since 1999, while the frozen seafood market has been relatively stable in the same period. Iceland has around 20 fillet processing plants, which together export some 250 tonnes per week. (Source: Alda Moller: talk at “Hvitfiskkonferansen 2004”, by NSEC Tromsø Norway) Icelandic cod is caught all year round, giving the Icelandic industry a fresh fillet processing advantage over Norway, where cod is mostly caught during the winter months. Figure 87. Iceland; Monthly Cod Landings, Volume 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 MT

2002 2003

15 000

2004

10 000 5 000

O kto be r No ve m be r De ce m be r

Au gu st Se pt em be r

Ju ly

Ju ne

M ay

Ap ril

M ar ch

Ja nu ar y Fe br ua ry

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) (Preliminary data’s) While Iceland catches more than 10 000 tonnes of cod every month of the year and more than 15 000 tonnes during 9 months of the year, Norway catches less than 10 000 tonnes for 5 months of the year and more than 15 000 tonnes for a further 5 months of the year.

100

Figure 88. Norway; Monthly Cod Landings, Volume 70 000

60 000 50 000

40 000 MT

2003 2004

30 000

20 000 10 000

Ok to be r N ov em be r D ec em be r

Au gu st Se pte m be r

Ju ly

Ju ne

M ay

Ap ril

M ar ch

Ja nu ar y Fe br ua ry

Source: The Directorate of Fisheries (Norway) In the past few years the Norwegian and Icelandic catch of Cod has been at a similar level. Iceland’s quota year starts on July 1st and ends on June 30th each year and it operates an ‘exchange/selling and buying’ system for quotas. This might be one reason for the different patterns in the monthly catches. Redfish Iceland has been the largest catching nation for redfish in the past decade and the main supplier for EU15 countries. Icelandic catches of redfish peaked in 1994 at 142 000 tonnes, then stabilised at around 110 000 tonnes until 2001 and 2004, when low catches of 93 000 tonnes and 84 000 tonnes were landed. Table 88. Icelandic Catches of Redfish, 1000 MT 1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

104

108

116

142

119

121

112

116

110

116

111

109

Sources: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production/Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) The export of fresh/frozen redfish followed the same pattern as the catch, with 55 000 tonnes landed in 1990, 79 000 tonnes in 1994, and around 60 000 tonnes per year for the remainder of the period, with lows in 2001 and 2004 of 48 000 tonnes. Most of the redfish is exported as whole frozen or whole fresh fish, with a small export of frozen fillets, and some fresh fillets. Most of the export goes to the EU15 and Japan, but recent years have seen an increasing export to China. The Chinese market is for whole frozen fish, while Japan buys whole frozen fish and some frozen fillets.

101

Figure 89. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Redfish, Volume and Values 80

Others

USA

Japan

China

Others

Billion ISK

USA 6

Japan China

10 0

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1990

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

0 1991

1000 MT

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) The export of redfish to the EU15 was 39 000 tonnes in 1990, increasing to 44 000 tonnes in 1993, and reducing to 29 000 tonnes in 2004. Before 1995 most of the export was as chilled whole fish but after 1996 there was an increasing demand for fillets. Between 8 000 tonnes and 12 000 tonnes of frozen fillets were exported each year between 1990 and 2003, but this reduced to 6 000 tonnes in 2004. One reason for this drop in supply is the increasing export by China of redfish fillet to the EU15. The export of frozen whole fish increased slowly from 3 000 tonnes in 1990 to 10 000 tonnes in 2003, and was 9 000 tonnes in 2004. Figure 90. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Redfish to the EU15, Volumes and Values 45

35 Frozen meat/mince

Frozen fillets

Fresh whole

Frozen whole

Frozen meat/mince Frozen fillets

2003 2004

2000 2001 2002

1997 1998 1999

1995 1996

0 1992 1993 1994

5 1990 1991

Fresh whole Fresh fillets/mince

Fresh fillets/mince

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1000 MT

Billion ISK

Frozen whole

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) The unit value of whole redfish was stable through the 1990s, but increased from 2000 to 2001/2002 and reduced again in 2003/2004. During the period, frozen whole redfish had a higher unit value than fresh. Fresh fillets rose in unit value continuously from 1990 to 2001, then dropped to around 4 euros/kg. Figure 91. Icelandic Export of Redfish to the EU, Prices ISK 500 450

ISK/Kg

400 350

Fresh fillets/mince

300 250 200

Fresh w hole Frozen fillets Frozen w hole

150 100

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

50 0

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa)

102

Haddock Iceland is the third largest haddock catching nation after the EU15 and Norway, and the third largest exporter to the EU15 after Norway and the Faeroe Islands. The Icelandic haddock catch varied between 40 000 tonnes and 66 000 tonnes per year from 1988 to 2003, and in 2004 was at its highest since 1950, at 84 000 tonnes. (1950 is the earliest available figures in FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production.) Table 89. Icelandic Catches of Haddock, 1000 MT 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 53

Sources: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production/Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) Iceland exported 30 000 tonnes of haddock in 1990. From 1991 to 2003 the export varied between 15 000 tonnes and 24 000 tonnes per year, rising to 38 000 tonnes in 2004. The majority is exported to EU15 countries and the USA. The export to the USA was at its largest between 1994 and 1997, when it was between 8 000 tonnes and 11 000 tonnes per year, dropping to around 7 000 tonnes per year until 2004, when it rose again to 11 000 tonnes. The USA takes mostly frozen fillets/fillet blocks, with some fresh fillet, amounting to 2 400 tonnes in 2004. Figure 92. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Haddock, Volume and Values 40

9 8

Other

USA

7 6

Billion ISK

Other

5 4

USA EU

3 2

10 5

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1990

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1992

1 0

1991

1000 MT

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) The Icelandic export of haddock to the EU15 was 24 000 tonnes in 1990, between 9 000 tonnes and 17 000 tonnes in the years 1991 to 2003, increasing to 27 000 tonnes in 2004. The main product is fresh/chilled whole fish, with exports of between 3 000 tonnes and 6 000 tonnes of frozen fillets per year between 1990 and 2003, rising to 9 000 tonnes in 2004. An increasing volume of fresh fillets is also exported, amounting to 1 600 tonnes in 2004. Figure 93. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Haddock to the EU15, Volumes and Values 6

25 Frozen meat/mince Frozen fillets Fresh whole

Frozen meat/mince

Frozen fillets Fresh whole

Fresh fillets/mince

1990 1991 1992 1993

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa)

103

2001 2002 2003 2004

Frozen whole

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

1000 MT

Billion ISK

Frozen whole

The unit value of Icelandic haddock varied during the period, with the frozen fillet price mirroring the trend of chilled whole fresh fish. Unit values ranged from 120 ISK/kg for chilled whole fish and 280 ISK/kg for frozen fillets in 1990/1991, to 175 ISK/kg for chilled whole fish and 439 ISK/kg for frozen fillets in 2002. The unit value decreased in 2003/2004 to 119 ISK/kg for chilled whole fish and 318 ISK/kg for frozen fillets. When the export of fresh fillets started to take off in 1998, their unit value rose well above that of frozen fillets, and in 2004 was 505 ISK/kg. Figure 94. Icelandic Export of Haddock to the EU15, Prices ISK 700 600

ISK/Kg

500 Fresh fillets/mince

400

Fresh whole 300

Frozen fillets

200 100 2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) Saithe Iceland is the fourth largest catching nation for saithe after Norway, the EU15 and the Faeroe Islands, and the third largest exporter of Saithe to the EU15 after Norway and the Faeroe Islands. The Icelandic catch was highest in 1991 at 99 000 tonnes, and lowest in 1998/1999 at 31 000 tonnes. In 2004 it was 63 000 tonnes. Table 90. Icelandic Catches of Saithe, 1000 MT 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 74

Sources: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production/Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa)

Figure 95. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Saithe, Volume and Values

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1990

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1999

1998

USA

1997

1996

Other

1995

USA

1994

Other

1993

Billion ISK

1000 MT

5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1992

1991

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) Most of the Icelandic saithe is exported as frozen fillets to the EU15 and the USA. In recent years an increasing export has also developed to Canada and Eastern Europe. The export to the USA decreased from 4 000 tonnes in 1999 to 1 400 tonnes in 2004.

104

Export volumes to the EU15 decreased from 31 000 tonnes in 1990 to 5 000 tonnes in 1996, rising to 20 000 tonnes in 2004. Since 1996 the majority of the export has been frozen fillet/fillet blocks. In 1990, 10 000 tonnes of frozen whole fish was exported, reducing to less than 500 tonnes in 1996. In 2004 the export was 1 300 tonnes. Iceland also exports between 4 000 tonnes and 5 000 tonnes of cured, mostly salted, saithe products per year.

Figure 96. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Saithe to the EU15, Volumes and Values 4.5

4.0

Fresh fillets/mince

1990

2003 2004

2000 2001 2002

1998 1999

0.0 1997

0 1996

0.5 1993 1994 1995

5 1990 1991 1992

Fresh whole

1.5 1.0

2004

Frozen fillets

2.0

2001 2002 2003

Fresh whole

Frozen meat/mince

2.5

2000

Frozen fillets 15

Frozen whole

1997 1998 1999

Frozen meat/mince

1995 1996

3.5 3.0

1994

Frozen whole

1991 1992 1993

Billion ISK

1000 MT

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) Figure 97. Icelandic Export of Saithe to the EU15, Development in the Product Categories, Volume percentages 100% Land frozen whole

80%

Sea frozen whole 60%

Sea frozen block Frozen meat/mince

40%

Land frozen block Land frozen fillets

20%

Sea frozen fillets

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) Icelandic export of fillet blocks accounted for about 60 percent of the export in the early 1990s, but decreased rapidly from 1994 to 1997 to 20 percent, and was just 12 percent in 2004. The gap is now filled by sea frozen and land frozen fillets, with sea frozen fillets accounting for around 45 percent of the market and land frozen fillets for 35 percent. Land frozen fillet blocks achieve a similar unit value to sea frozen fillets. In general the unit value of Icelandic saithe prices varied during the period, but has shown a decreasing trend since 2002.

105

Figure 98. Icelandic Export of Saithe fillets to the EU15, Prices ISK 250

ISK/Kg

200 Sea frozen fillets

150

Land frozen fillets 100

Land frozen block

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa)

4.2. Norway â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Worlds Largest Seafood Exporter Norway is one of the largest seafood exporters in the world. In 2003 it was the largest volume exporter and the third largest value exporter after China and Thailand. Its export includes large volumes of herring, mackerel, salmon, cod, fishmeal and oil products. In 2004, the most important export species by value were salmon, cod, herring, mackerel, saithe, trout and shrimp. Salmon/trout accounted for 44 percent of the export value in 2004, groundfish for 28 percent and small pelagic fish for 18 percent. Groundfish here includes flatfish and the large export of cured fish comprising stockfish, klipfish and salted groundfish. Figure 99. Norwegian Export of seafood, Values 35

Billion NOK

30 25

Other

Prawns Small pelagics

Whitefish (incl. flatfish)

Salmon/trout

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics In Norway the export volume of traditional cured groundfish products is similar to the export of fresh and frozen products. In 2004, 72 percent of the cured products were based on cod by value, but only 54 percent by volume. Saithe, ling and tusk are also used for cured products. There is competition for use of the raw materials between the cured sector and the fresh/ chilled/frozen sector and in 2004 Norway reported increased production and unit values on cured products, leaving a decreased volume for export in the fresh/frozen sector.

106

Figure 100. Norwegian Export of Groundfish, Volumes and Values

250

Stockfish/klippfish

200

Fresh/chilled

150

Frozen

100 50

Salted Stockfish/klippfish Fresh/chilled Frozen

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 1989

Flatfish

2003 2004

Salted

2000 2001 2002

1000 MT

Billion NOK

Flatfish

300

1996 1997 1998 1999

350

11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1993 1994 1995

400

1990 1991 1992

450

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics Figure 101. Norwegian Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Groundfish, Volumes and Values

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1988

2004

2003

2002

2000 2001

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1992 1993

1991

1990

1989

1988

Cod

1997

Saithe

1996

Cod

1995

100

Haddock

1994

Saithe

Redfish

1993

Haddock

1992

150

Other

1991

1000 MT

Redfish

1990

Other

200

Billion NOK

250

5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1989

300

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics In 2004 the export volume of fresh/frozen saithe products was larger than the volume of cod products for the first time since 1995. 61 000 tonnes of saithe was exported with a value of 576 million NOK, together with 55 000 tonnes of cod with a value of 1.8 billion NOK. The value of cod products was more than three times that of saithe products. A large volume of haddock was exported in 2004, amounting to 43 000 tonnes worth 642 million NOK. As shown in the graphs, the cod export is decreasing due to a lower import of cod from Russia, while the saithe and haddock export is increasing. There is a small but decreasing export of redfish and an increasing export of other fish including flatfish, anglerfish and wolffish. Figure 102. Norwegian Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Groundfish, Volumes and Values

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1988

2004

2002 2003

2001

2000

1998 1999

1997

1996

1994 1995

1993

1992

1990 1991

1989

1988

EU15

1996

USA

1995

EU15

Eastern Europe

1994

USA

100

China

1993

Eastern Europe

1992

150

Other

1991

China

5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1990

1000 MT

Other 200

Billion NOK

250

1989

300

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics More than 65 percent of the export value of fresh/frozen groundfish went to the EU15 in 2004 as in previous years, with the remainder going to a variety of countries. The USA has traditionally be a large market for Norwegian fish, but has lately been losing ground to China and some Eastern European countries, notably Ukraine and Russia, which are purchasing large volumes of whole frozen fish for processing.

107

Cod The Norwegian catch of cod was at its highest in 1997 at 401 000 tonnes, but since 2000 has been just over 200 000 tonnes. The Norwegian cod quota for 2005 is 225 000 tonnes. Norway exports a large proportion of cod as cured products. In 2004 it exported 34 000 tonnes of klipfish, 24 000 tonnes of salted cod and 4 000 tonnes of dried cod. Table 91. Norwegian Catches of Cod, 1000 MT 1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

252

186

125

164

219

275

374

365

358

401

321

257

219

209

229

217

226

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production/ The Directorate of Fisheries (Norway) Almost all of the Norwegian export of fresh/frozen cod goes to the EU15 countries. From 1993, until recently, it also exported a reasonable volume of frozen fillets to the USA, but this reduced to 2 000 tonnes in 2004, down from 11 000 tonnes in 1995. Small volumes also go to Canada and other countries. Figure 103. Norwegian Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Cod, Volume and Values 140

3,000

120

1000 MT

Eastern Europe

China 60

USA

EU15

Million NOK

2,500

Other

100

Other

2,000

Eastern Europe

1,500

China USA

1,000 500

EU15

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics Figure 104. Norwegian Export of Cod to the EU15, Volume and Values 2,500

120 100

1000 MT

Frozen whole Frozen fillets

Fresh whole Fresh fillets/mince

Million NOK

2,000

Frozen fillets Fresh whole 1,000

500

Fresh fillets/mince

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Frozen whole

1,500

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics The main products exported to the EU15 are fresh whole cod and frozen fillets/fillet blocks, with a smaller volume of frozen whole cod and an increasing export of fresh cod fillets. The frozen fillet/fillet block export is still the most important in terms of value. In 2004, 11 000 tonnes of fresh whole cod was exported to Denmark for re-export to other EU15 countries, 4 500 tonnes to France and 2 100 tonnes to Portugal. In addition, 4 600 tonnes of whole frozen cod was exported to Portugal for salting, and 1 000 tonnes each to Germany, the UK and Denmark. 9 200 tonnes of frozen fillets went to the UK in 2004, 4 000 tonnes to France and 2 400 tonnes to Sweden. The increasing export of fresh fillets went to Denmark, France and the UK in 2004. Total exports of fresh fillets amounted to a little over 3 000 tonnes in

108

2004, worth 195 million NOK. The unit value of cod products to the EU15 in NOK was generally higher in 2004 than in 2003. The unit value of fresh fillets increased rapidly in the past few years, but the quantities remained small at around 2 000 tonnes in 2002 and 2003. Figure 105. Norwegian Export of Cod to the EU15, Prices NOK 70 60

NOK/Kg

Fresh fillets/mince

Fresh whole

Frozen fillets Frozen whole

20 10 2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics Farmed and Sea Ranged Cod from Norway Norway has the largest production/sale of farmed cod in the world, but Iceland and Scotland also have a small production. As the table below shows, Norwegian production in 2004 was 3 000 tonnes of farmed cod. Estimates for the years 2005 and 2006 predict 10 000 tonnes per year, with a larger increase thereafter. (Estimates from Norsk Fiskeoppdrett nr. 12-2004.) Table 92. Production (sale) of Farmed Cod in Norway, MT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 247 946 Farmed 1,006 1,239 Sea Ranged 157 169 864 1,253 2,185 Total production

2004 1,688 1,480 3,168

Source: The Directorate of Fisheries (Norway) Table 93. Norwegian Export of Fresh Whole Farmed and Sea Ranged Cod, MT 2001 2002 2003 2004 5 129 309 342 France 82 174 211 Denmark 0 35 60 126 Belgium 1 3 66 Spain 2 11 59 The Netherlands 0 16 25 Germany 1 8 31 36 Other 6 257 604 865 Total

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics 856 tonnes of farmed and sea ranged fresh/chilled whole cod was exported in 2004. Norwegian trade statistics cover both farmed and sea ranged cod, but only the fresh/chilled whole sector has a separate code for farmed/sea ranged cod. France and Denmark are the largest importers of Norwegian farmed and sea ranged cod, and the average unit value for whole fresh farmed/sea ranged fish was 70 percent higher in 1994 than for wild.

109

Norwegian import of Cod for processing and re-export Russian vessels land into Norway, a large percentage of the cod processed for fillets in Norwegian factories. From an import level of around 100 000 tonnes of whole cod for processing up to1997, the import declined to 43 000 tonnes in 2004. Import figures are similar to landings from foreign vessels in Norway. Table 94. Norwegian landings from foreign vessels, 1997 1998 1999 2000 131,697 96,501 102,388 99,087 Cod 8,244 9,178 10,895 Haddock 10,147 732 1,867 1,623 1,526 Saithe

MT 2001 90,619 13,364 1,881

2002 83,886 11,491 1,871

2003 53,943 9,882 1,283

2004 52,49 11,516 2,986

(Source: Norges RĂĽfisklag, Catch Reports) Figure 106. Norwegian Import of Whole Cod, 1988 to 2004 120 100

1000 MT

80 Frozen

Fresh

40 20 0 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics Fresh whole cod is mostly imported from Russia, although volumes have declined rapidly since 1995. Most of the frozen whole cod also comes from Russia, with approximately 10 000 tonnes per year coming from other sources, notably the USA. Figure 107. Norwegian Import of Whole Frozen Cod, 1988 to 2004 70 60

1000 MT

50 Other

USA 30

Russia

20 10 0 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics

110

Saithe The Norwegian export of fresh/frozen saithe rose to 77 000 tonnes in 1995 but reduced to 40 000 tonnes to 50 000 tonnes a year between 1998 and 2002. In 2003 and 2004 it was 61 000 tonnes. Norwegian quotas/catches of saithe remained stable in recent years, but not all quota was landed. The quota was 208 000 tonnes in 2002, 235 000 tonnes in 2003, 248 000 tonnes in 2004 and 273 000 tonnes in 2005. Norway exports a large proportion of the saithe as cured products. In 2004, some 36 000 tonnes of klipfish, 3 000 tonnes of salted saithe and 1 000 ton of dried saithe were exported. Table 95. Norwegian Catches of Saithe, 1000 MT 1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

148

145

112

140

168

188

189

219

222

183

194

198

170

204

212

207

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production/ The Directorate of Fisheries(Norway) Figure 108. Norwegian Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Saithe, Volume and Values 80

800

700 Other Poland Russia Ukraine

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

EU15

1988

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

0 1992

0 1991

100 1990

10 1989

Ukraine

200

EU15

1988

Russia

300

1991

Poland

400

1990

Turkey

500

1989

Other

600

Turkey

Million NOK

1000 MT

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics Traditionally, fresh/frozen Norwegian saithe is exported to EU15 countries, approximately half as fresh whole saithe and half as frozen fillets/fillet blocks. In the past few years increasing volumes of frozen whole saithe have been exported to Russia and Ukraine, due to over supply and very low unit values. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Otherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; in the graph includes different countries each year.

65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

800 700

Frozen fillets Fresh whole Fresh fillets/mince

Million NOK

600

Frozen whole

500

Frozen fillets

400

Fresh whole

300

Fresh fillets/mince

200 100

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

1000 MT

Figure 109. Norwegian Export of Saithe to the EU15, Volume and Values

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics The main value of saithe from Norway to the EU15 has historically been in frozen fillets/fillet blocks, but the Norwegian export to the EU15 fell rapidly from the mid 1990s until 2004, due to the EU15s increased import from Iceland and the Faeroe Islands. In the same period, unit values went up until 1998, when they began a downward price trend, which persists today.

111

Figure 110. Norwegian Export of Saithe to the EU15, Prices NOK 30 25

NOK/Kg

Fresh fillets/mince Fresh whole

Frozen fillets Frozen whole

10 5

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics Haddock The Norwegian catch of haddock peaked in 1997 at 106 000 tonnes, but by 2004 was at 65 000 tonnes. Norwegian processors also import around 10 000 tonnes of haddock from Russian vessels each year. Norwegian haddock quotas were 72 000 tonnes in 2002, 66 000 tonnes in 2003, 86 000 tonnes in 2004 and 80 000 tonnes in 2005. Table 96. Norwegian Catches of Haddock, 1000 MT 198 198 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 63 39 23 25 40 44 74 80 97

199 7 106

199 8 79

199 9 53

200 0 46

200 1 52

200 2 55

200 3 60

200 4 65

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production/ The Directorate of Fisheries(Norway) Norway has exported more than 30 000 tonnes of fresh/frozen haddock per year since 1994, with a peak export of 60 000 tonnes in 1996. In 2004 the export volume was 43 000 tonnes. Norway exports most of the fresh/frozen haddock to the EU15, but also exported between 8 000 tonnes and 15 000 tonnes of frozen fillets/frozen whole fish to the USA in the mid 1990s, reducing to 4 000 tonnes in 2004. In the past three years, China entered the market as a new importer of Norwegian frozen whole haddock, as a result of lower unit values. Figure 111. Norwegian Export of Fresh/Frozen Products of Haddock, Volume and Values 60

1,000

900 800

Other

500 400

USA EU15

300 200

100 0 2004

2002 2003

2000 2001

1999

1997 1998

1996

1994 1995

China

1992 1993

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

EU15

1991

China

Canada

1989 1990

USA

1988

1000 MT

Canada

Million NOK

700 600

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics Norwegian export of haddock to the EU15 consists mostly of fresh whole haddock to the Danish industry, with smaller but decreasing volumes going to the UK. Frozen fillets and frozen whole fish are mostly exported to the UK. Unit values of haddock products were at their highest around 2000, but have since reduced, especially on frozen fillets.

112

Figure 112. Norwegian Export of Haddock to the EU15, Volume and Values

Fresh whole

Fresh fillets/mince

10 5

Frozen fillets Fresh whole Fresh fillets/mince

1988 1989

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Frozen whole

2002 2003 2004

Frozen fillets

1998 1999 2000 2001

Frozen whole

Million NOK

1000 MT

650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1994 1995 1996 1997

1990 1991 1992 1993

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics Figure 113. Norwegian Export of Haddock to the EU15, prices NOK 50 45

NOK/Kg

40 35

Fresh fillets/mince

Fresh whole

Frozen fillets

Frozen whole

15 10 5 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics Redfish The Norwegian export of redfish is less important than the export of cod, saithe and haddock, but it is still worth close to 100 million NOK per year. As with the other groundfish species most of the redfish is exported to the EU15, with China recently entering the market and processing small volumes. Until ten year ago, Japan was also a large market for redfish. The quota/catch gradually decreased from 56 000 tonnes in 1991 to17 000 tonnes in 2004. Table 97. Norwegian Catches of Redfish, 1000 MT 198 198 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 25 27 41 56 38 33 29 23 29

199 7 23

199 8 29

199 9 31

200 0 26

200 1 29

200 2 16

200 3 17

200 4 17

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production/ The Directorate of Fisheries (Norway) Most of the Norwegian redfish is exported as whole fresh fish to the EU15 countries Germany, France and Denmark, but some are exported as whole frozen fish to Finland, Germany and Denmark.

113

Figure 114. Norwegian Export of Fresh/Frozen Products of Redfish, Volume and Values 35

300

250

EU15

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1988

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

0 1990

0 1989

1988

China

100

1994

EU15

Japan

150

1993

China

Other

1992

200

1991

Japan

1990

1000 MT

Other 20

1989

Million NOK

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics Figure 115. Norwegian Export of Redfish to The EU15, Volume and Values 18

250

200

Frozen whole

Frozen fillets

Fresh whole

Fresh fillets/mince

Million NOK

1000 MT

Frozen whole

150

Frozen fillets Fresh whole

100

Fresh fillets/mince

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1988

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

1989

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics The unit value of fresh whole and frozen whole fish increased slowly until 2001, when frozen whole fish experienced a price downturn, and fresh whole fish increased in unit value. In 2004 the unit value was 16.26 NOK for fresh whole fish and 10.59 NOK for frozen whole fish. Fillets attracted a higher unit value than whole fish, but experienced a downturn in unit value in 2003. Figure 116. Norwegian Export of Redfish to the EU15, prices NOK 40 35

NOK/Kg

30 Fresh fillets/mince

Fresh whole

Frozen fillets

Frozen whole

10 5 2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics

4.3. Faeroe Islands â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Saithe Country The Faeroe Islands exported fish and seafood worth more than 3 billion DKK in 2004. Groundfish is the most important group exported, but some 762 million DKK of salmon, plus pelagic fish and other species was also exported. The export of 96 000 tonnes of groundfish products was worth almost 2 billion DKK in 2004. The exported volume of groundfish 114

increased by almost 40 000 tonnes from 1999 to 2002 and amounted to 102 000 tonnes in 2002. The main increase was in the fresh segment which in 2004 was the largest in volume, at 41 000 tonnes worth 622 millions DKK. This represented a large increase on 1990, when it was 13 000 tonnes worth 160 millions. The frozen segment decreased in the same period from 46 000 tonnes worth 795 millions DKK in 1990, to 36 000 tonnes worth 674 millions DKK in 2004. The export of cured products increased from 14 000 tonnes worth 357 millions DKK in 1990 to 17 000 tonnes worth 586 millions DKK in 2004. The export of cured products consisted in 2004 mostly of salted cod products, mainly exported to Spain and Denmark, and dried/salted fish fillets in retail packaging. Prepared cod was exported to Spain, and cod, ling and tusk to Italy. An increasing export of dried fish to Nigeria has developed in the last 4 years. Figure 117. Faroe Islands Export of Groundfish, Volumes and Values 2500

120

2000

Other

Cured

Fresh/chilled

Frozen

Million DKK

1000 MT

100

Other 1500

Cured Fresh/chilled

1000

Frozen 500

20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova) Figure 118. Faroese Export of Fresh/Frozen Groundfish Products, Volumes and Values 1600

1400

Saithe

1990

2004

2002 2003

2001

1999 2000

1997 1998

1996

1994 1995

0 1993

200

1991 1992

2004

Haddock

400

2002 2003

Saithe

2001

Cod

600

2000

Haddock

1998 1999

Redfish

800

1997

Cod

Other

1000

1995 1996

1200

1994

Redfish

1993

1991 1992

Other

Million DKK

1990

1000 MT

Source: Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova) In 2004 the Faeroe Islands exported 25 000 tonnes of saithe, 17 000 tonnes of haddock, 14 000 tonnes of cod and 6 000 tonnes of redfish as fresh/frozen products. It also exported 10 000 tonnes of other species, mainly Greenland halibut and other flatfish, anglerfish and blue ling. In value, cod was the most important species in 2004, with an export value of 351 million DKK. The haddock export was valued at 287 million DKK and saithe at 255 million DKK. Most of the fresh and frozen groundfish products from the Faeroe Islands are exported to the EU15. In 2004 only 7 percent of the volume and value was exported outside the EU15. Most of this was redfish to China and Japan, haddock to the USA and small volumes of haddock and saithe to Canada.

115

1600

1400

1200

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1990

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

200

0 1993

400

10 1992

1991

600

1994

Other

800

1993

1000

1992

Other

1991

Million DKK

1990

1000 MT

Figure 119. Faeroese Export of Fresh/Frozen Groundfish Products, Volumes and Values

Source: Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova) Cod Except for small volumes to Canada and the USA, all fresh/frozen cod products from the Faeroe Islands have been exported to the EU15 since 1990. The export consists mostly of fresh whole cod and frozen fillets/fillet blocks. The Faeroese cod catch has varied between 20 000 tonnes and 60 000 tonnes over the past 15 years, while the export has remained the same. Table 98. Faeroe Islands; Catches of Cod, 1000 MT 1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Figure 120. Faeroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Cod, Volume and Values

2003 2004

2002

2000 2001

1990

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1999

1997 1998

Other

1996

1994 1995

Other

1992 1993

Million DKK

1000 MT

500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1991

Source: Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova) Exports of cod were at their highest in 1996, with 15 000 tonnes of chilled whole fish and 12 000 tonnes of frozen fillets going mostly to EU15 countries. In the period around 2000, the total export was about 10 000 tonnes per year, with two thirds exported as frozen fillets. By 2004 the export has risen to 13 000 tonnes, with 6 000 tonnes as chilled whole fish and 7 000 tonnes as frozen fillets. Due to a large unit value increase on cod products in the late 1990s, the value in DKK of the cod export did not vary as much as the volume during the period, but remained between 300 and 400 000 DKK per year.

116

Figure 121. Faeroese Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod to the EU15, Volume and Values 30

500 450

1000 MT

Frozen meat/mince

Frozen fillets Fresh whole

Fresh fillets/minced

Million DKK

400

Frozen whole

350

Frozen whole

300

Frozen meat/mince

250

Frozen fillets

200

Fresh whole

150

Fresh fillets/minced

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova) A 400 tonnes per year export of fresh cod fillets from the Faeroe Islands to Germany, Denmark, France and Switzerland, reduced to 109 000 tonnes in 2004. Fresh fillets commanded a higher unit value than frozen fillets after 1998. The unit value of fresh whole fish followed that of fresh fillets, with prices increasing slightly from 1996 to1999, then decreasing on fresh whole fish after 2000 and on fresh fillets after 2002. The Faeroe Islands does not have the same currency uncertainty against the euro as Norway and Iceland, since the Faeroese Krone follows the DKK, which is an EU15 member currency. On species exports where the unit value follows the USD, the uncertainty remains. Saithe prices and to some extent haddock prices, follows the USD since they follow the Alaska pollock price.

50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Fresh fillets/minced Fresh whole Frozen fillets

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

DKK/Kg

Figure 122. Faeroese Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod to the EU15, Prices DKK

Source: Statistics Faroe Islands (Hagstova) Saithe A large percentage of the volume export of fresh/frozen saithe products from the Faeroe Islands is exported to EU15 countries. Small volumes of fresh/frozen saithe are also exported to Iceland and the USA/Canada, with a small export of salted saithe going to Canada. The catch was at its lowest in 1996 at 20 000 tonnes when the export of fresh/frozen products was also less than 10 000 tonnes. The export increased to 28 000 tonnes in 2002/2003 while the catch increased to 57 000 tonnes in 2002 but decreased to 51 000 tonnes in 2003. The export was 26 000 tonnes in 2004.

117

Table 99. Faeroe Islands; Catches of Saithe, 1000 MT 1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Figure 123. Faeroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Saithe, Volume and Values

10 5

1990 1991 1992

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

Other

2002 2003 2004

2000 2001

Other

1998 1999

1995 1996 1997

1000 MT

Million DKK

550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1993 1994

Source: Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova) Figure 124. Faeroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Saithe to the EU15, Volume and Values 35

Frozen whole

Frozen meat/mince Frozen fillets

Fresh whole Fresh fillets/minced

Million DKK

1000 MT

Frozen whole Frozen meat/mince Frozen fillets Fresh whole Fresh fillets/minced

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Source: Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova) The main products exported from the Faeroe Islands to the EU15 are frozen fillets and fillet blocks of saithe, together with some chilled whole saithe in recent years. In 2004 the export comprised 12 000 tonnes of frozen fillet products and 9 000 tonnes of chilled whole saithe. More than 1 000 tonnes of fresh fillets was also exported in the same year. Figure 125. Faeroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Saithe to the EU15, Prices DKK 25

DKK/Kg

20 15

Fresh fillets/minced Fresh whole

Frozen fillets

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova) The unit value of saithe products has been low and falling in recent years. In the late 1990s the Faeroe Islands increased the percentage of frozen fillets exported, while decreasing that of fillet blocks, but in the past few years the percentage of fillet blocks slowly increased again. 118

Fillets of saithe generally command a higher unit price than fillet blocks, which can be as much as 20 percent. Haddock The Faeroe Islands increased its catch of haddock from 5 000 tonnes in 1993 to 30 000 tonnes in 2003. Most of the haddock is exported as a fresh/frozen product to the EU15, but some is also exported to the USA. Table 100. Faeroe Islands; Catches of Haddock, 1000 MT 1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production

20 18 16 14 12

400 350

Other

10 8 6 4 2 0

Million DKK

300 250 Other

200

150 100 50 2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

0 1990

1000 MT

Figure 126. Faeroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Haddock, Volume and Values

Source: Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova) Figure 127. Faeroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Haddock to the EU15, Volume and Values 300

18 16

250 Frozen whole

1000 MT

Frozen meat/mince

Frozen fillets

Fresh whole

Million DKK

Fresh fillets/minced

Frozen whole

200

Frozen meat/mince 150

Frozen fillets Fresh whole

100

Fresh fillets/minced

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova) The export of haddock to the EU15 was 16 000 tonnes in 2004. Most of the haddock is exported as fresh/chilled whole, with a smaller volume exported as frozen fillets. In 2004, 12 000 tonnes of fresh whole fish and 3 000 tonnes of frozen fillets was exported. Haddock has traditionally enjoyed a higher unit value than saithe, but lower than that of cod. Haddock prices in DKK rose sharply from 1996 to 2000/2001, then decreased, especially from 2002 to 2003.

119

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2004

2002 2003

2001

2000

1998 1999

1997

1995 1996

1994

1993

1991 1992

Fresh whole Frozen fillets

1990

DKK/Kg

Figure 128. Faeroese Export of Fresh/Frozen Haddock to The EU15, Prices DKK

Source: Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova) Faeroe Islands – Fillet Block or ‘Other Fillets’ From Cod, Saithe and Haddock One way of increasing the value of a limited catch is to increase the value addition of the fillet production. Since ‘other fillets’ (mainly single frozen fillets) have a considerably higher unit value than fillet blocks, the Faeroe Islands increased its resource revenue by decreasing the production of fillet blocks while increasing the production of ‘other fillets’ from 20 percent in 1993 to between 60 and 70 percent in the years 1997 to 1999. However, this had decreased to 58 percent by 2004. Figure 129. Faeroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod, Saithe, Haddock, Volume percent 100 % 90 % 80 % 70 % 60 %

mince/meat

50 %

fillet block

40 %

fillet

30 % 20 % 10 % 0% 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova)

4.4. China – Growing Fast China was the largest producer of fish in the world in 2003, both in terms of capture volume and aquaculture volume. While the capture volume has stagnated at 17 billion tonnes since 1998, the volume produced in aquaculture, including aquatic plants, is still increasing rapidly, rising from 20 billion tonnes in 1995 to 39 billion tonnes in 2003.

120

Marine fishes nei Largehead hairtail Akiami paste shrimp Southern rough shrimp Other

Freshwater fishes nei Marine molluscs nei Chub mackerel Various squids nei

2002

2000

1998

1996

1994

1992

1990

1988

1986

1984

1982

1980

1978

1976

1974

1972

1970

1968

1966

1964

1962

1960

1958

1956

1954

1952

18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1950

Billion MT

Figure 130. Chinese Catches from 1950 -2003

Japanese anchovy Scads nei Golden threadfin bream Japanese Spanish mackerel

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Billion MT

Figure 131. Chinese Aquaculture Production from 1950 -2003

Japanese kelp

Aquatic plants nei

Pacific cupped oyster

Grass carp(=White amur)

Silver carp

Japanese carpet shell

Common carp

Freshwater fishes nei

Bighead carp

Crucian carp

Marine molluscs nei

Other

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Aquaculture production The species captured and produced in Chinese aquaculture can be viewed in the graphs. Carp and other freshwater fish dominate aquaculture production, but there are also large volumes of molluscs. The Chinese import of seafood has increased from zero in 1983 to 2.5 billion tonnes in 2003. More than 1 billion tonnes of the import is fresh and frozen fish, mainly for processing and re-export, with the remainder as fish and crustaceans. Almost half of the value import originates in Russia. Other important countries for Chinese seafood import are North Korea, the USA, Japan, Canada and Norway.

121

Figure 132. Chinese import of seafood, 1976-2003 2,5

2,0 Other Billion MT

Fish, dried, salted, or smoked 1,5

Sponges, Corals, etc... Aquatic Plants Crustaceans and molluscs

1,0

Meals Fish, fresh, chilled or frozen 0,5

2002

2000

1998

1996

1994

1992

1990

1988

1986

1984

1982

1980

1978

1976

0,0

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Commodities production and trade, 2003 In 2003 China was the world’s largest value exporter, while Norway was the largest volume exporter. China exported 2 million tonnes of seafood in 2003, an increase of 566 000 tonnes since 2000. In general terms, the export of frozen whole fish is rapidly decreasing, while the export of frozen fillets is rapidly increasing, as is the export of prepared and packaged fish, crustaceans and molluscs. The total value of the Chinese export amounted to 5.3 billion USD in 2003. In value terms, 41 percent of the export went to Japan in 2003, a decrease of 57 percent since 1999. In the same year 989 million tonnes was exported to the USA, an increase of 188 percent since 1999, 666 000 tonnes went to the Republic of Korea, an increase of 93 percent, 315 000 tonnes went to Hong Kong, an increase of 131 percent, 185 000 tonnes went to Germany, an increase of 168 percent, and 96 000 tonnes went to the UK, an increase of 433 percent. (Sources: USDA/GAIN Report Number CH4015 and Fishstat Plus) China is now the EU15’s third largest trade partner in the seven groundfish species after Iceland and Norway. The growth in China’s trade importance over the past five years makes it interesting to examine carefully, the level of and relationship between exports and imports from the EU15 and other trade partners. Since accurate information from China is not easy to obtain, this report relies on trade partners’ statistics to give an overview of China’s role in groundfish processing and trade. Figure 133. EU15 Countries; Import from and Export to China of the seven groundfish species, MT 140

120

12 10

Frozen whole Frozen meat Frozen filets Fresh/chilled whole Fresh/chilled fillet

Frozen filets 6

Fresh/chilled fillet

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

0 1993

1992

1991

Fresh/chilled whole

1994

Frozen meat

1993

Frozen whole

1992

1000 MT

100

Source: Eurostat The EU15 imported 134 000 tonnes of fillets of the seven groundfish species from China in 2004, an increase from 120 000 tonnes in 2001 and 2003. The import was slightly less in

122

2002 when EU15 import restrictions were put in place on seafood products from China for ‘food safety’ reasons. Alaska pollock is the main species imported, with 86 000 tonnes of fillets in 2004. The EU15 import of frozen cod fillets from China increased from almost zero in 1996 to 32 000 tonnes in 2004. The EU15 also imports smaller volumes of redfish fillets and haddock fillets from China. Most of the frozen cod, saithe and redfish fillets entering the EU15 from China can be expected to have a European origin. In 2004 the EU15 exported 10 000 tonnes of frozen whole fish to China for processing, mainly cod and redfish, but with some haddock. The EU15 imported around 34 000 tonnes of other groundfish and groundfish products from China in 2004, mostly prepared/preserved surimi, anglerfish and flatfish. Table 101. EU15 import of Alaska Pollock from China, MT Import

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Frozen filets

42,017

39,090

59,903

58,685

72,069

94,976

56,524

84,080

86,208

Frozen meat

2,998

5,750

5,250

3,035

3,547

4,428

2,026

957

1,335

Frozen whole

Total

45,015

44,840

65,181

61,796

75,626

99,404

58,573

85,056

87,592

Source: Eurostat Table 102. EU15 import of fillets and export of whole fish from/to China, MT Import(fillets)

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Redfish

205

718

3,593

3,766

6,048

11,058

Cod

1,620

3,982

6,672

9,942

16,645

12,340

26,382

32,167

Saithe

1,174

2,637

157

336

782

Haddock

326

1,123

1,142

3,698

3,646

Total

1,637

4,012

6,897

12,160

23,998

17,405

36,464

47,653

Redfish

120

939

2,410

2,367

3,318

3,443

Cod

237

101

1,166

4,494

5,722

Haddock

3,543

617

1,690

1,152

Total

3,543

357

972

2,536

4,150

9,502

10,317

Export(whole)

Source: Eurostat Figure 134. Norwegian Export of Whole Fish to China, MT 16 14

1000 MT

12 10

Other whitefish Saithe

Haddock

Cod

Redfish

2 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: NSEC/Norway Statistics Many different countries export fish to China for processing and re-export. Norway’s export of whole frozen fish amounted to 15 000 tonnes in 2004, which was similar in volume to 2003, but far greater than in preceding years. The export is mainly haddock and redfish, with some cod. Iceland has also developed its export of whole frozen redfish to China, with 6 000 tonnes exported in 2003, but only 4 000 tonnes in 2004. The Faeroe Islands exported 1 500 tonnes of redfish to China in 2004. 123

Figure 135. Icelandic Export of Whole Fish to China, MT 7 6

1000 MT

5 Other flatfish

Greenland halibut 3

Redfish

2 1 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) The USA is a large trade partner of China in groundfish products and exported 60 000 tonnes for processing in 2004, mostly of whole frozen fish. In the same year the USA also imported 187 000 tonnes of groundfish/groundfish products from China, which means that in 2004, the USA imported around 20 000 tonnes more groundfish/groundfish products from China than the EU15. Figure 136. USA; Export of fresh/frozen Groundfish products to China, MT 60 50

1000 MT

other products frozen whole sole

frozen whole other flatfish frozen whole yellowfin sole frozen whole cod

20 10 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: NMFS The USA export to China is mostly whole frozen flatfish for processing, such as sole and other flatfish. An increasing volume of cod and other fish is also exported, including saithe, pollock, surimi, rock sole and hake. The USA import from China comprises a number of different species. As shown in the graph, the USA imports approximately 70 000 tonnes of frozen Alaska pollock fillets each year from China and is rapidly increasing its import of tilapia. The tilapia fillet import increased from zero prior to 1999 to 27 000 tonnes in 2004, while the import of whole frozen tilapia rose to 31 000 tonnes in 2004. There is an increasing import from China of frozen cod fillets and frozen sole fillets, and also of prepared whitefish products, amounting to some 20 000 tonnes in 2004. These consist mostly of dried/salted and minced meat products from species without codes in the statistics, or a mixture of species.

124

Figure 137. USA; Import of fresh/frozen Groundfish products from China, MT 200 180

1000 MT

160 140

other products

120

frozen sole fillets frozen tilapia fillets

100

frozen cod fillets

frozen whole tilapia

frozen alaska pollock fillets

40 20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: NMFS Canada’s export of whole frozen groundfish to China increased from 175 tonnes in 2000 to 4 000 tonnes in 2004 and consisted mostly of Greenland halibut, hake and redfish. Canada imported 22 000 tonnes of fresh/frozen groundfish from China in the same period, up from 11 000 tonnes in 2000. In 2004 it imported 6 000 tonnes of Alaska pollock filets/meat, 6 000 tonnes of frozen sole fillets, 4 000 tonnes of frozen haddock products and 5 000 tonnes of frozen cod products, included more than 1 000 tonne of whole frozen cod. 4.5. USA - the New Alaska Pollock Supplier The USA is the second largest importing nation of seafood in the world after Japan, with an import worth more than 10 billion USD per year in 2000, 2001 and 2002, increasing to 11.8 billion USD in 2003. The USA is also the fourth largest exporter of seafood after China, Thailand and Norway, with an export worth 3.5 billion USD in 2003. (Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Commodities production and trade.) The USA import of seafood increased from 5.3 billion USD in 1990 to 11.9 billion USD in 2004. This corresponded with an increase in volume from 1.5 million tonnes in 1990 to 2.1 million tonnes in 2004. In 2004, 693 000 tonnes of crustaceans were imported, plus 433 000 tonnes of whitefish, 358 tonnes of pelagic fish, 223 tonnes of salmon/trout and 161 tonnes of molluscs. The remaining 230 tonnes of ‘other fish’ comprised frozen and chilled products from ‘unknown saltwater’ species, snapper, toothfish and freshwater fishes including perch. The USA import of seafood mainly originates in Asia, other Northern American countries and South America. The largest countries in terms of value in 2004 were Canada, Thailand, China, Chile, Indonesia and Vietnam. The 433 000 tonnes of imported whitefish products in 2004 included 113 000 tonnes of tilapia, 78 000 tonnes of Alaska pollock, 65 000 tonnes of cod, 27 000 tonnes of haddock, 23 000 tonnes of sole, 11 000 tonnes of swordfish, 10 000 tonnes of salted dried fillets of unknown species, and 40 000 tonnes of minced meat products from unknown species. The import came mainly from China, Canada and Iceland. According to USA trade statistics (NMFS), the USA export of seafood increased from 2.9 billion USD in 1990 to 3.7 billion USD in 2004. This corresponded with an increase in 125

volume from 1.1 million tonnes in 1990 to 1.3 million tonnes in 2004. In 2004, the export included 662 000 tonnes of whitefish products, 173 000 tonnes of salmon/trout, 149 tonnes of pelagic fish, 67 tonnes of molluscs and 64 tonnes of crustaceans. Most of the remaining 187 000 tonnes was frozen whole fish, frozen fillets, chilled fillets and chilled whole fish of species not identified in the USA trade statistics. The USA export of seafood mainly ends up in Asia, Europe and other Northern American countries. The largest importers of USA seafood in 2004 were Japan, Canada, South Korea, China and EU15 countries. The USA export of 662 000 tonnes of whitefish products in 2004 included 291 000 tonnes of Alaska pollock, 103 000 tonnes of cod, 43 000 tonnes of hake, 34 000 tonnes of Yellowfin sole, 31 000 tonnes of saithe, 25 000 tonnes of Atka mackerel, 15 000 tonnes of sable fish, 55 000 tonnes of other flatfish, and 55 000 tonnes of surimi and other minced fish products of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;unknownâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; species. These products were mainly exported to Japan, South Korea and China, and EU15 countries, Lithuania, Russia and Norway. Figure 138. USA; Import of the Seven Groundfish Species, MT 250

1000 MT

200

Saithe Hake

150

Redfish Haddock

100

Cod A. Pollack

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

Source: NMFS While the import of the seven groundfish species decreased from 232 000 tonnes in 1990 to 187 000 tonnes in 2004, the export increased from 95 000 tonnes in 1990 to 476 000 tonnes in 2004. The import consists mostly of Alaska pollock, cod and haddock, while the export is mostly Alaska pollock and cod. The USA export of cod products increased from 72 000 tonnes in 2000 to 103 000 tonnes in 2004. Figure 139. USA; Export of the Seven Groundfish Species, MT 500

1000 MT

450 400

Haddock

350 300

Redfish

250 200

Hake

Saithe Cod

150 100

A. Pollack

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

50 0

Source: NMFS

126

The USA export to the EU15 consists of the seven groundfish species as analysed further on, plus 30 000 tonnes to 40 000 tonnes of salmon per year since 1990, rising to 43 000 tonnes in 2004. The USA export of molluscs and crustaceans to the EU15 of between 15 000 tonnes and 40 000 tonnes each year, consists mostly of squid/octopus, lobster and scallops. There is a large export of pelagic fish, mostly of fish oil from menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), and an increasing export of tuna of some 5 000 tonnes to 10 000 tonnes per year over the past four years. The ‘other’ category consists mostly of frozen fish and fish meat from ‘unknown’ species. In the white fish category there is also a surimi export from ‘unknown’ species, plus 1 000 tonnes to 2 000 tonnes of anglerfish per year in addition to the species analysed here. Figure 140. USA; Export of Seafood to the EU15, MT 280 240 Other

1000 MT

200

Pelagics 160

Crustaceans

120

Molluscs Salmon/trout

White fish

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

Source: NMFS The USA groundfish export to the EU15 increased from relatively small volumes before 2001, mostly of Pacific cod, to 140 000 tonnes in 2004 worth 295 million USD. The export consists mostly of Alaska pollock but also includes Pacific cod and hake. The USA whole frozen hake export to the EU15 increased from 1 000 tonnes in 1999 to 10 000 tonnes in 2004. Figure 141. USA; Export of the Seven Groundfish Species to the EU15, Volume and Value 140

300

120

250

Redfish

Haddock

Saithe Hake

Cod

Million USD

200

Haddock Saithe

150

Hake Cod

100

A. Pollack

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

0 1990

1991

A. Pollack

1990

1000 MT

100

Source: NMFS The USA export of the seven groundfish species to the EU15 is mostly of fresh/frozen products, with a small volume of salted cod amounting to around 2 000 tonnes per year. Alaska Pollock USA catches of Alaska pollock increased from 1.055 million tonnes in 1999 to 1.525 million tonnes in 2003. At the same time the USA export of Alaska pollock products increased from 89 000 tonnes in 1999 to 266 000 tonnes in 2004. This export mostly ends up in EU15 countries, Japan and South Korea. In 2004, the export included 162 000 tonnes of frozen 127

surimi and 104 000 tonnes of frozen fillets. The export value of the Alaska pollock products was 462 million USD in 2004. Table 103. USA; Catches of Alaska Pollock, 1000 MT 1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

1,432

1,295

1,339

1,478

1,417

1,294

1,190

1,140

1,232

1,055

1,182

1,442

1,516

1,525

2004

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Most of the USA frozen Alaska pollock fillets are exported to EU15 countries, but only some of the frozen surimi. The export of Alaska pollock fillets from the USA increased from 4 000 tonnes in 2000 to 90 000 tonnes in 2004. The export of frozen surimi increased from 7 000 tonnes to 14 000 tonnes during the same period. Figure 142. USA; Export of Fresh/Frozen Alaska Pollock products, Volume 280 240

1000 MT

200

Other

160

South Korea

120

Japan EU15

80 40 2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

Source: NMFS Figure 143. USA; Export of Fresh/Frozen Alaska Pollock to the EU15, Volume 105 90

1000 MT

75 60

Frozen surimi

Frozen fillet

30 15

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

Source: NMFS

128

Figure 144. USA; Export of Fresh/Frozen Alaska Pollock to the EU15, Prices 3.00 2.50 USD/Kg

2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Frozen fillet

Frozen surimi

Source: NMFS The unit value of Alaska pollock products from the USA shows a declining trend over the past few years. Fillets exported to EU15 countries had a higher unit value than surimi products, which are mainly exported to Asian countries. Figure 145. USA; Export of Frozen Alaska Pollock Surimi, Prices 3.00

USD/Kg

2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 EU15

JAPAN

SOUTH KOREA

Source: NMFS Cod The USA catch of cod increased from 229 000 tonnes in 2001 to 268 000 tonnes in 2003, with an anomalous peak of 313 000 tonnes in 1997. The export of fresh/frozen cod products increased from 50 000 tonnes in 1998 to 101 000 tonnes in 2004. Japan is the largest importer of cod from the USA but EU15 countries and China are increasing their import. Most of the cod is exported as whole frozen fish. In 2004 some 85 000 tonnes was exported, together with 11 000 tonnes of whole fresh/chilled and some smaller volumes of frozen fillets and salted cod. Table 104. USA; Catches of Cod, 1000 MT 1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

267

249

298

293

278

242

226

282

289

313

263

247

252

229

246

268

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production

129

Figure 146. USA; Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod, Volume

1000 MT

100 90 80 70 60

Other

50 40 30 20

Norway

South Korea Canada China EU15 Japan

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

10 0

Source: NMFS The USA export of cod products to EU15 countries has varied in the past few years but increased from 8 000 tonnes in 2000 to 21 000 tonnes in 2004. Most of the export has traditionally been frozen whole fish, but in the last five years an increasing amount of fresh/chilled whole fish was exported from the USA to EU15 countries, amounting to 4 000 tonnes in 2004. The export goes mainly to Portugal and Spain, and also to the Netherlands and Denmark. The unit value of frozen whole cod increased in recent years to almost 3 USD/kg in 2004. Figure 147. USA; Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod to the EU15, Volume 25

1000 MT

20 Frozen meat/mince

Frozen fillets Fresh whole

Frozen whole 5

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

Source: NMFS Figure 148. USA; Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod to the EU15, Prices 3.00

USD/Kg

2.50 2.00

Frozen whole

1.50

Fresh whole Frozen fillets

1.00 0.50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

0.00

Source: NMFS

130

4.6. Russia – Less Important for the EU15 Russia was the fifth most important supplier to the EU15 market of the seven groundfish species in 2004, with an export value of 215 million euros. Table 105. Russian Catches of Alaska Pollock and Cod, 1000 MT Alaska Pollock Cod, total

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2,341 358

2,114 397

1,747 407

2,208 425

2,440 424

2,253 403

1,931 347

1,500 340

1,215 280

1,145 288

827 286

1,056 277

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The total Russian fish catch in 1991 according to the Russian State Fisheries Committee/ Russian State Statistics Committee was almost 7 million tonnes, but decreased to 3.3 million tonnes in 2003. The most important species was Alaska pollock with a catch of 2.5 million tonnes in 1991, and 1 million tonnes in 2003. The Russian catch of cod, including Atlantic, Pacific and Polar, was 218 000 tonnes in 1991 and 277 000 tonnes in 2003. Other important species caught in 2003 were herring at 335 000 tonnes, blue whiting at 360 000 tonnes, salmon at 235 000 tonnes, mackerel at 140 000 tonnes, plus more than 100 000 tonnes of flatfish. According to Russian Statistics (published by Fish Resources), the Russian export of seafood amounted to 1.2 million tonnes in 2003. Alaska pollock accounted for 431 000 tonnes of this total. Most of the seafood is exported to the Republic of Korea, Japan and China. In the same year, Russia imported 712 000 tonnes of fish, half of which originated in Norway and consisted mostly of herring. The remainder originated in many different countries. Both the import and export consists mostly of frozen whole fish. During 2003 and 2004 the Russian value import increased more than the export, mainly due to the higher import of salmon and herring from Norway and a sharp decrease in the export of black caviar. (Source: USDA/ GAIN Report Number RS4051). It should be noted that these figures do not take unreported catches or trade into consideration, although these are thought to be considerable over the past ten years, especially for Atlantic cod. The EU15 imported more of the seven groundfish species from Russia than from any other country in 2003, but in 2004 Russia was in fifth place in terms of value and volume, having decreased its export volume by more than 30 000 tonnes from 2003. The import was largest in 1998 when it reached a peak of 200 000 tonnes, with a value of more than 374 million euros. In 2004 the volume was almost 98 000 tonnes with a value of 215 million euros. Russia supplies mainly Alaska pollock and cod to the EU15, but also some 5 000 tonnes to 10 000 tonnes per year of haddock, and some small quantities of redfish. In the early 1990s, the EU15 also imported up to 30 000 tonnes of frozen squid (Illex) from Russia, and in the past three years imported more than 5 000 tonnes of frozen fillets/whole frozen fish and ‘other freshwater fish’. 70 percent of the Russian aquaculture production of 109 000 tonnes in 2003 was freshwater carp, at 80 000 tonnes, which probably explains this import.

131

Figure 149. EU15 Import of Alaska Pollock from Russia, MT 140 120

1000 MT

100 Frozen whole

Frozen meat/mince 60

Frozen filets

40 20 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat The EU15 import of Alaska pollock from Russia was 10 000 tonnes in 1992, increased to almost 140 000 tonnes in 1998, and reduced to 30 000 tonnes in 2004. The main product is frozen fillets included fillet blocks. The EU15 import of cod from Russia was more stable and consists mostly of frozen whole cod, with an increasing share of frozen fillets. In most years the total import was between 60 000 tonnes and 80 000 tonnes. In 2004 the import was 59 000 tonnes, comprising 48 000 tonnes of whole frozen cod and 11 000 tonnes of frozen fillets. Figure 150. EU15 Import of Cod from Russia, MT 100 90

1000 MT

80 70

Frozen whole

Frozen meat/mince

Frozen filets

Fresh/chilled whole

Fresh/chilled fillet

20 10 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat The processing industry in Norway, Iceland and the Faeroe Islands purchases whole cod from Russian vessels for processing and/or re-export. As shown in the graph, in the years 1994 to 1997 these countries imported more than 100 000 tonnes of whole cod from Russia. This decreased to a little more than 26 000 tonnes in 2004. Canadaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s import of whole frozen cod from Russia increased from 7 000 tonnes in 2000 to 13 000 tonnes in 2003, but reduced to 7 000 tonnes in 2004.

132

Figure 151. Norway, Iceland and Faeroe Islands Import of whole Cod from Russia, MT 120 100

1000 MT

FAR frozen ISL frozen

NOR frozen NOR fresh

40 20 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Sources: NSEC/Norway Statistics; Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa); Statistics Faeroe Islands (Hagstova) The Russian export of cod to the EU15 was 10 000 tonnes to 30 000 tonnes higher between 2001 and 2003 than in previous years. At the same time there was a decrease in import from other countries of between 50 000 tonnes and 80 000 tonnes, which is consistent with the decline in catches in the same period. The USA imported less Alaska pollock and cod from Russia in the 1990s than the EU15, but between 1995 and 2000, the annual import of Alaska pollock fillets and surimi was 20 000 tonnes to 40 000 tonnes. By 2004 this had reduced to a few tonnes. The USA also imports about 6 000 tonnes of cod products per year, mostly as frozen fillets from Russia. Figure 152. USA; Import of Alaska Pollock from Russia, MT 45 40

1000 MT

35 30

Frozen surimi

Frozen whole

Frozen meat

Frozen fillet

10 5 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: NMFS Figure 153, USA; Import of Cod from Russia, MT 8 7

1000 MT

6 5

Frozen whole

Frozen meat

Frozen fillet

2 1 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

133

Source: NMFS 4.7. Namibia â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the Largest Hake Supplier Namibia has been the most important exporter of hake to the EU15 in terms of import value, since 1999. Namibiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s catch of Cape hake increased from 22 000 tonnes in 1987 to 88 000 tonnes in 1992 and slowly increased to 192 000 tonnes in 2003. Figure 154. Namibian Catches from 1985 -2003 800 700 600 1000 MT

Other 500

Devil anglerfish

400

Southern African pilchard Cape hakes

300

Cape horse mackerel 200 100 2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

1987

1986

1985

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Namibia has a large catch of Cape horse mackerel of between 300 000 tonnes and 400 000 tonnes per year, plus a total catch of between 50 000 tonnes and 100 000 tonnes of many other different species. Southern African pilchard, devil anglerfish and kingclip have been the largest of these in recent years. Namibia also has a small aquaculture production that amounted to 25 tonnes of Pacific cupped oysters, 10 tonnes of blue mussels, 15 tonnes of freshwater fish and 67 tonnes of seaweed in 2003. The total export of seafood from Namibia was 342 000 tonnes worth 333 million USD in 2003. The EU15 imported 95 000 tonnes of seafood from Namibia worth 245 million euros in 2004, making the EU15 the most important market for Namibian seafood products. The EU15 import was mostly hake products, with some anglerfish and other saltwater species.

300

110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

250 Other

Sardines Sharks, excl. dogfish Anglerfish Other saltwater fish

Million EURO

Other

Hake

200

Sardines Sharks, excl. dogfish

150

Anglerfish Other saltwater fish

100

Hake

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1000 MT

Figure 155. EU15 Import of Seafood from Namibia

Source: Eurostat More than 50 percent of the imported hake volume is frozen fillets and meat, totalling 40 000 tonnes to 60 000 tonnes a year since 1998. The remainder is mostly frozen whole fish, plus 5 000 tonnes to 14 000 tonnes per year of fresh/chilled whole fish. The EU15 import of Cape

134

hake from Namibia started in1991 and increased in line with an increase in the Namibian catch until 1994, after which time it became more variable. Figure 156. EU15 Import of Hake from Namibia 250

90 80

200

Frozen whole

Frozen meat

Frozen fillets

Fresh whole

Million EURO

1000 MT

Frozen whole

150

Frozen meat Frozen fillets

100

Fresh whole

10 2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1991

1992

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Source: Eurostat 4.8. South Africa â&#x20AC;&#x201C; an Important Hake Supplier South Africa has been the second most important exporter of hake to the EU15 in terms of import value after Namibia, for the past five years. In volume, Argentina has been larger than South Africa for the past two years. As in Namibia, the hake catch in South Africa is of Cape hake. The yearly catch of Cape hake increased from 48 000 tones in 1950 to 183 000 tonnes in 1985, and decreased to 139 000 tonnes in 2003. Other imported species caught in South Africa are the pelagic species South African pilchard, South African anchovy, whiteheadâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s round herring and Cape horse mackerel. There are also smaller catches of devil anglerfish, kingclip, panga seabream, swordfish, Patagonian toothfish and other species. The catch of pilchard and anchovy is slowly increasing, following a period with lower catches. South Africa has a fish farming sector producing small volumes of some 20 different species, with a total production of about 5 000 tonnes per year. The most important species besides aquatic plants are rainbow trout, mussels and other shellfish, tilapia and catfish.

2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0

Other Cape horse mackerel Brown seaweeds Whitehead's round herring Cape hakes S A anchovy

2002

1998

1994

1990

1986

1982

1978

1974

1970

1966

1962

1958

1954

S A pilchard 1950

1000 MT

Figure 157. South African Catches from 1950 -2003

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production South African export of seafood increased in recent years and in 2003, was 183 000 tonnes with a value of 395 000 USD.

135

Figure 158. EU15 Import of Seafood from South Africa 250

80 70

1000 MT

Other

Anglerfish

Albacore

Cuttlefish/squid Hake

Million EURO

200

Other 150

Anglerfish Albacore

100

Cuttlefish/squid Hake

10 0

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Source: Eurostat The EU15 import of seafood from South Africa increased from 30 000 tonnes to 40 000 tonnes before 1996, to more than 70 000 tonnes per year over the past 4 years. This corresponds with an increase in value from 89 000 euros in 1991 to 247 000 euros in 2004, making the EU15 the most important market for South Africa. The most important species imported is hake, but squid has recently gained in importance. There is also a small import of albacore, anglerfish and other species including sardines and shark. The EU15 import of hake from South Africa increased from between 20 000 tonnes and 30 000 tonnes per year before 1996 to more than 50 000 tonnes in the past few years. In 2004 the import was 16 000 tonnes of chilled whole fish, 12 000 tonnes of frozen fillets, 3 000 tonnes of frozen meat and 16 000 tonnes of frozen whole fish, with a total value of 143 million euros. Figure 159. EU15 Import of Hake from South Africa 160

140

50 Frozen whole Frozen meat

Frozen fillets

Fresh whole

Million EURO

1000 MT

120

Frozen whole

100

Frozen meat

Frozen fillets

Fresh whole

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Source: Eurostat 4.9. Argentina â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Frozen Hake Supplier Argentina has been the fourth most important exporter of hake to the EU15 for the past few years in terms of import value, having slipped from first place between 1991 and 1997.

136

Figure 160. Argentine Catches from 1950 -2003 1,400 Other

1,200

Anchovy

1000 MT

1,000

Southern blue whiting

800

Scallop

600

Shrimp Patagonian grenadier

400

Squid

200

Argentine hake 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The Argentine catch of Argentine hake grew from just 9 000 tonnes in 1950 to 604 000 tonnes in 1996, dropped to 194 000 tonnes in 2000, then increased to 359 000 tonnes in 2002 and 334 000 tonnes in 2003. Argentina is also an important catching nation for Patagonian grenadier (hoki). The catch of Patagonian grenadier increased from about 1 000 tonnes in 1978 to 124 000 tonnes in 2000, then reduced to 98 000 tonnes in 2002 and 2003. Argentina has a smaller catch of a few tonnes per year of other grenadiers, southern hake, Patagonian toothfish, and argentine seabass. More important than these are the large catches of squid, shrimps, scallops, southern blue whiting and anchovy. There are also smaller catches of many other species. Argentina has only a very small seafood aquaculture production of around 1 000 tonnes of rainbow trout per year. The total export of seafood from Argentina amounted to between 0.7 billion USD and 1 billion USD between 1993 and 2003. Most of this came from shrimps, squid and frozen marine fish. The total export in volume was between 500 000 tonnes and 800 000 tonnes per year. The EU15 import from Argentina was about 150 000 tonnes from 1991 to 1996, increased to 220 000 tonnes in 1998, then decreased to 155 000 tonnes in 2004. In terms of volume the two most important species are hake and squid, but in terms of value, shrimp has been more important than squid since 1991 and than hake since 1999. The total value of the import varied from around 250 million euros before 1997, to between 500 million euros and 600 million euros from 2001 to 2003, rising to 448 million euros in 2004. There is also an import of other saltwater fish of between 10 000 tonnes and 20 000 tonnes per year, mostly of frozen whole fish and frozen fillets. It is not possible to identify the species from Eurostat, but there are good reasons to believe that this is mostly Patagonian grenadier, with smaller quantities of other grenadiers, argentine seabass, and other saltwater species.

137

700

220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

600

Other Million EURO

500

Other saltwater fish Shrimps/prawns Cuttlefish/squid Hake

Other Other saltwater fish

400

Shrimps/prawns 300

Cuttlefish/squid Hake

200

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1991

1992

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

100

1991

1000 MT

Figure 161. EU15 Import of Seafood from Argentine

Source: Eurostat

150

110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

135

Frozen meat Frozen fillets Fresh whole

Million EURO

120 Frozen whole

105

Frozen whole

Frozen meat

Frozen fillets

Fresh whole

45 30

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1991

1992

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

15 1991

1000 MT

Figure 162. EU15 Import of Hake from Argentine

Source: Eurostat Most of the hake imported from Argentina is Argentine hake, with some southern hake. The EU15 import of hake from Argentina decreased along with the catch from more than 100 000 tonnes in 1996 and 1997 to 57 000 tonnes in 2004. Before the decline in the import, about half the volume was frozen whole fish and the other half frozen fillets and minced fish. After the decline, more frozen fillets were imported from Argentine than frozen whole fish. In 2004 the import was 15 000 tonnes of frozen whole fish, 4 000 tonnes of frozen minced fish and 36 000 tonnes of frozen fillets, plus 1 500 tonnes of fresh whole fish. 4.10. Chile â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Fresh/Chilled Hake Supplier Chile has been the third most important exporter of hake to the EU15 in terms of import value, for the past four years. In addition to hake, Chile also exports Patagonian grenadier and other species to the EU15. Besides catches of hake and hoki, Chile has large catches of pelagic species including jack mackerel, anchoveta, chub mackerel and herring. In the 1980s the largest catch was pilchard.

138

Figure 163. Chilean Catches from 1950 -2003 8 7

Million MT

Other Hake/grenadier

Araucanian herring

4 3

Chub mackerel Anchoveta

Chilean jack mackerel

1 2002

1998

1994

1990

1986

1982

1978

1974

1970

1966

1962

1958

1954

1950

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production Figure 164. Chilean Catches of Hake and Hoki from 1950 -2003 500

1000 MT

400

300

Patagonian grenadier Southern hake South Pacific hake

200

100

2002

1998

1994

1990

1986

1982

1978

1974

1970

1966

1962

1958

1954

1950

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The Chilean catch of South Pacific hake has returned to levels previously seen in the 1960s, of more than 100 000 tonnes per year, after a low period in the 1970s and 1980s of around 30 000 tonnes to 40 000 tonnes per year. The catch of southern hake began in 1979 at 44 000 tonnes and remained broadly stable, with a peak in 1989 of 69 000 tonnes. Since 1993 the catch has settled at between 20 000 tonnes and 30 000 tonnes per year. The Patagonian grenadier catch shows large variations, from lows of 20 000 tonnes in the late 1970s when commercial exploitation began, to a high of 230 000 tonnes in 1995. In 2002 was around 100 000 tonnes. Chileâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aquaculture sector is growing in importance and now produces more than 600 000 tonnes per year of Salmondiae, seaweed and shellfish.

139

Figure 165. Chilean Aquaculture Production from 1980 -2003 700 600

Other

500 1000 MT

Peruvian calico scallop Chilean mussel

400

Gracilaria seaweeds 300

Coho(=Silver) salmon

200

Rainbow trout Atlantic salmon

100 0 19901992 1994 19961998 20002002 1980 19821984 19861988

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Aquaculture production Chile has exported more than 1 million tonnes of seafood per year over the past 20 years, mostly of oily fishmeal and salmon products, but also mackerel, hake and a range of products from other species. The value of the Chilean seafood export increased from 500 million USD in 1996 to 2.2 billion USD in 2003. Figure 166. EU15 Import of Seafood from Chile 350

100 90

300

Other Surimi

60 50 40

Other saltwater fish Mussels Salmon

30 20

Million EURO

Other

250

Surimi 200

Other saltwater fish

150

Mussels Salmon

100

Hake

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1991

1993

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

10 0

1992

1000 MT

80 70

Source: Eurostat The EU15 import of seafood for human consumption from Chile increased from 49 000 tonnes in 1997 to 99 000 tonnes in 2004, with values of 160 million euros in 1997 and 317 million euros in 2004. The EU15 import of hake from Chile decreased from 40 000 tonnes in 1991 to 28 000 tonnes in 2004. The import is shared between fresh whole fish, frozen whole fish and frozen fillets, with a small volume of frozen mince. The volume of fresh whole fish increased steadily from 1991 to 2000 then stabilised at 11 000 tonnes per year. The volume of frozen whole fish decreased from 12 000 tonnes in 1993 to 9 000 tonnes in 2004, while frozen fillets increased from 5 000 tonnes in 1991 to 12 000 tonnes in 2003. In 2004 just 6 000 tonnes of frozen fillets was imported from Chile.

140

Figure 167. EU15 Import of Hake from Chile 40

120

100 Million EURO

1000 MT

30 Frozen whole

Frozen meat

Frozen fillets

Fresh whole

Frozen whole Frozen meat

Frozen fillets Fresh whole

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

0 1991

1992

Source: Eurostat The EU15 import of frozen surimi from Chile increased from 1 000 tonnes in 1996 to more than 6 000 tonnes per year in 2003 and 2004. Figure 168. EU15 Import of Surimi from Chile 7

1000 MT

Million EURO

4 6 3 4

Million EURO

1000 MT

1 0

0 1994 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat The import of frozen whole and frozen fillets/frozen meat of other saltwater species increased from 2 000 tonnes between 1995 and 1997 to 10 000 tonnes in 2004, mainly of Patagonian grenadier. Figure 169. EU15 Import of Other Saltwater Fish from Chile 10 9

1000 MT

8 7

Fresh whole

6 5

Fresh fillet/mince Frozen meat

Frozen whole

Frozen fillets

2 1 2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Source: Eurostat 4.11. Uruguay â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Mostly Frozen Hake Fillets Uruguay is the fifth most important exporter of hake to the EU15, in terms of import value. The catch was 35 000 tonnes in 2003, but has been as high as 100 000 tonnes in the past. Other important species for Uruguay include whitemouth croaker, striped weakfish, squid and

141

Patagonian toothfish. There is also a catch of Patagonian grenadier and smaller catches of a species including crab, scallops and rays. The total catch has varied between 90 000 tonnes and 150 000 tonnes per year since 1979. Uruguay has developed a small aquaculture sector in the past few years with a few thousand tonnes of sturgeon, American bullfrogs, catfish and carp. Figure 170. Uruguay Catches from 1950 -2003 160 140 Other Patagonian toothfish Argentine shortfin squid

1000 MT

120 100 80 60

Striped weakfish Whitemouth croaker

Argentine hake

20 2002

1998

1994

1990

1986

1982

1978

1974

1970

1966

1962

1958

1954

1950

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production In the ten years to 2003 Uruguay exported some 60 000 tonnes to 100 000 tonnes of seafood per year, with a value of 80 million USD to 110 million USD. The EU15 import from Uruguay is mostly hake, with some other saltwater fish imported as frozen whole fish, plus squid, shark, swordfish, scallops and crab.

22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

Cuttlefish/squid Other saltwater fish Hake

Million EURO

Other

35 Other

Cuttlefish/squid

Other saltwater fish

Hake

15 10 5 2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1000 MT

Figure 171. EU15 Import of Seafood from Uruguay

Source: Eurostat In terms of both volume and value, the EU15 import of hake increased more or less steadily from 1994 onwards, and in 2004 was 15 000 tonnes. The import of Hake is mostly frozen fillets, with a small but increasing import of frozen whole fish.

142

Figure 172. EU15 Import of Hake from Uruguay 35

30 Million EURO

1000 MT

12 Frozen whole

Frozen meat Frozen fillets

Fresh whole

25 Frozen whole 20

Frozen meat

Frozen fillets Fresh whole

3 5

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Source: Eurostat 4.12. New Zealand â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Largest Hoki Supplier New Zealand is the major exporter of hoki (blue grenadier) to the EU15. Blue grenadier is also the most important species caught in New Zealand, where the catch increased from 5 000 tonnes in 1979 to 278 000 tonnes in 1998, but reduced to 181 000 tonnes in 2003. A number of other species is also caught, the most important of which in terms of volume are squid, mackerel, blue whiting and snoek. There are also catches of southern hake, orange roughy, silver seabream and other grenadier species. New Zealand has an aquaculture sector which produces 70 000 tonnes to 80 000 tonnes of mussels, 5 000 tonnes to 10 000 tonnes of chinook (king) salmon and a few thousand tonnes of oysters per year. Figure 173. New Zealand Catches from 1985 -2003 700 Other 600

Southern hake Oreo dories nei

500 1000 MT

Orange roughy 400

Skipjack tuna Pink cusk-eel

300

Snoek 200

Southern blue whiting Jack and horse mackerels nei

100

Wellington flying squid 2002

1998

1994

1990

1986

1982

1978

1974

1970

1966

1962

1958

1954

Blue grenadier 1950

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production New Zealand has exported around 300 000 tonnes of seafood per year for the past ten years, worth between 700 million USD and 800 million USD. The EU15 import of seafood from New Zealand increased from 20 000 tonnes to 30 000 tonnes per year before 1998, to more than 50 000 tonnes per year from 1998 onwards, except in 2000 when the import was 38 000 tonnes. The increase in volume corresponded with an increase in value from 42 million euros in 1991 to 130 million euros in 2004. The most important species are squid and blue grenadier. There is a varying import of squid, ranging from 3 000 tonnes in 1991 to 23 000 tonnes in 2004. The import of hoki varies between 4 000 tonnes and 24 000 tonnes per year and there is also an import of a few thousand tonnes per year of other saltwater fish. Before 1995 blue grenadier was included in the other saltwater species, but this sector now comprises varying

143

volumes of orange roughy, other grenadiers, silver seabream and other species. New Zealand also exports large volumes of mussels, New Zealand hake, albacore and pink cusk eel, and smaller quantities of a range of other species to the EU15. Figure 174. EU15 Import of Seafood from New Zealand 70

160 140

60 Other

Other

120

Pink cusk-eel

Pink cusk-eel Million EURO

Albacor

Hake Mussels

Other saltwater fish

100

Albacor Hake

Mussels Other saltwater fish

Hoki

Hoki 40

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

Squid/octopus

1991

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

0 1992

1991

1994

Squid/octopus

1993

1992

1000 MT

Source: Eurostat The EU15 import of blue grenadier is almost entirely of frozen fillets and increased from about 3 000 tonnes in 1995 to 24 000 tonnes in 1999. It then declined to 11 000 tonnes in 2004. The corresponding value was 5 million euros in 1995, 61 million euros in 1999, and 29 million euros in 2004. The EU15 imported 2 600 tonnes of New Zealand hake in 1991, 4 500 tonnes in 1998 and 3 300 tonnes in 2004. From 1996 onwards, the majority of the import was whole frozen hake. Figure 175. EU15 Import of Hoki (Blue Grenadier) from New Zealand 70

Million EURO

1000 MT

Frozen whole Frozen fillet

10 5

50 40

Frozen whole

Frozen fillet

20 10 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Eurostat Figure 176. EU15 Import of Hake from New Zealand 5

12 10

Frozen whole

Million EURO

Frozen meat Frozen fillets

Fresh whole 1

Frozen whole Frozen meat

Frozen fillets Fresh whole

4 2

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1991

1993

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1992

1000 MT

Source: Eurostat 4.13. Poland â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a Frozen Cod Fillet Supplier Poland is the seventh most important supplier of cod to the EU15 and export of this fish has traditionally been based on its own catch. The Polish catch of cod was around 100 000 tonnes 144

per year in the period 1965 to 1985, but declined to a level of around 20 000 tonnes per year by 2003. Poland has had significant catches of Alaska pollock and saithe in the past, together with large catches of pelagic fish including sprat, herring, mackerel and sardines. The total catch of all fish declined from more than 700 000 tonnes in 1983 to less than 200 000 tonnes in 2003. Figure 177. Polish Catches from 1985 -2003 800 700

1000 MT

600 500 400 300 200 100

European sprat

Atlantic herring

Atlantic cod

Freshwater fishes nei

Antarctic krill

Flatfishes nei

Cape horse mackerel

Alaska pollock

Other

2002

2000

1998

1996

1994

1992

1990

1988

1986

1984

1982

1980

1978

1976

1974

1972

1970

1968

1966

1964

1962

1960

1958

1956

1954

1952

1950

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production The total Polish seafood export increased from 129 000 tonnes worth 185 million USD in 1990, to 168 000 tonnes worth 314 million USD in 2003. At the same time the import increased from 159 000 tonnes in 1990 to 250 000 tonnes in 2003. Since 1993, Poland has imported more seafood than it exports, which has led to important changes in the large Polish seafood industry. Table 106. Polish Seafood Trade 1990 to 2003, Volumes and Values 1000 MT/Mill. 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 USD 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Export Quantity 129 124 213 158 202 180 206 199 Export Value 185 190 249 203 252 262 272 229 Import Quantity 159 100 165 178 210 199 225 248 Import Value 42 39 102 129 171 192 252 269 Net Import Quantity 30 -24 -49 20 8 19 18 49 Net Import Value -142 -151 -147 -75 -81 -71 -20 40

199 8 157 275 274 323

199 9 172 282 253 261

200 0 164 243 276 298

200 1 179 247 281 370

200 2 185 254 237 335

200 3 168 314 250 384

117 48

81 -22

112 54

102 123

51 81

82 70

Source: FAO-Fishstat plus-Commodities, production and trade 2003. In the past few years, Polish exports have consisted mostly of pelagic fish, with between 20 and 30 percent being whitefish, mainly cod. Most of the Polish export ends up in EU15 countries, mainly Germany, but also Denmark, UK and France. There is also some export to other countries including the Czech Republic, the USA and Rumania. The total whitefish export in 2004 was 31 000 tonnes, worth 98 million euros. Most of this went to EU15 countries and 22 000 tonnes of the total was cod. Polish trade with EU15 countries increased following its membership of the European Union in 2004. Since then, the import has increased more than the export. The Polish export to EU15 countries in 2004 was 102 000 tonnes and consisted mostly of herring and cod. The import increased from 51 000 tonnes in 2003 to 113 000 tonnes in 2004. Poland imports an 145

increasing amount of herring from EU15 countries for processing. It also has an increasing import of mackerel and salmon, and had an import of 5 000 tonnes of whole frozen cod in 2004. The Polish export to the EU15 was worth 259 million euros and the import was worth 170 million euros in 2004. Figure 178. Polish Export and Import from EU15, Volume 120 Other

100

Other

100

Trout

Sprat

Salmon

1000 MT

120

Trout Pollack Prawns

Cod

Salmon

Herring

Mackerel Herring

0 2000

2001

2002

2003

0 2000

2004

2001

2002

2003

2004

Source: Eurostat (Polish Trade Statistics) The EU15 import of cod products from Poland has varied but in 2004 amounted to 14 000 tonnes, mostly of frozen fillets, with a small import of chilled whole fish. Most of the frozen fillets are exported to the UK, France and Denmark. The EU15 import of cod from Poland was worth 48 million euros in 2004. Figure 179. EU15 import of Cod from Poland 25

1000 MT

frozen whole 15

frozen meat/mince frozen fillets fresh/chilled whole

fresh/chilled fillets 5

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Source: Eurostat

146

5. Sources Alda Moller: talk at “Hvitfiskkonferansen 2004”, by NSEC Tromsø Norway Eurostat (EU15 trade statistics) Eurostat (Polish Trade Statistics) FAO-Fishstat plus-Aquaculture production-Quantities FAO-Fishstat plus-Aquaculture production-Values FAO-Fishstat plus-Capture production FAO-Fishstat plus-Commodities production and trade, 2003/2004 Globefish Databank French Trade Statistics NMFS-USA Norges Råfisklag, Catch reports NSEC/Norway Statistics Russian Statistics (published by Fish Resources) Statistics Denmark Statistics Faroe Islands (Hagstova) Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa) The Directorate of Fisheries (Norway) UK trade statistics USDA/GAIN Report Number CH4015 USDA/GAIN Report Number RS4051

147

Appendix 1) FIGURES Figure 1. World Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, 1950 -2003 .................................................................... 13 Figure 2. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Fish, Volume ................................................... 15 Figure 3. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Fish, Value....................................................... 15 Figure 4. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Fish, Volume ................................................... 16 Figure 5. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Fresh/Frozen Product from Seven Groundfish Species, Volume and Value .............................................................................................................................................................. 19 Figure 6. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Fresh/Frozen Product from Seven Groundfish Species, Volume and value ............................................................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 7. World Catches of Cod by Species, 1950 -2003 ..................................................................................... 21 Figure 8. World Catches of Cod by Country, 1950 -2003 .................................................................................... 22 Figure 9. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Cod Products, Volume..................................... 23 Figure 10. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Prices of Chilled/Frozen Cod Products...................................... 23 Figure 11. EU15 Import of Whole Cod from Third Countries, Prices.................................................................. 26 Figure 12. EU15 Import of Cod fillets from Third Countries, Prices ................................................................... 27 Figure 13. EU15 Import of Frozen Fillets of Cod, Prices from Important Origins ............................................... 27 Figure 14. World Catches of Alaska Pollock by Country, 1950 -2003................................................................. 30 Figure 15. World Catches of Pollack by Country, 1950 -2003 ............................................................................. 31 Figure 16. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Alaska Pollock Products, Volume ................. 31 Figure 17. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Frozen Alaska Pollock Products, Prices ................................. 32 Figure 18. EU15 Import of Frozen Alaska Pollock Fillets, Prices from Most Important Countries ..................... 34 Figure 19. EU15 Import of Surimi from Third Countries, Volume ...................................................................... 36 Figure 20. EU15 Import of Frozen Surimi from Third Countries, Volume .......................................................... 37 Figure 21. EU15 Import of Surimi Preparations from Third Countries, MT ........................................................ 38 Figure 22. French Import Prices on Frozen Surimi............................................................................................... 38 Figure 23. Spanish Import Prices on Surimi Preparations .................................................................................... 39 Figure 24. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Frozen Alaska Pollock Fillet and Frozen Surimi.................... 39 Figure 25. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Frozen Alaska Pollock Fillet and Frozen Surimi.................... 39 Figure 26. World Catches of Hake by Species, 1950 -2003 ................................................................................. 40 Figure 27. World Catches of Hake by Country, 1950 -2003................................................................................. 41 Figure 28. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Hake Products, Volume ................................. 42 Figure 29. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Prices of Chilled/Frozen Hake Products .................................... 42 Figure 30. EU15 Countries Import of Hake from Third Countries, Product prices .............................................. 45 Figure 31. EU15 Countries Import of Frozen Hake Fillets from Most Important Countries, Prices .................... 45 Figure 32. EU15 Countries Import of Whole Frozen Hake from Most Important Countries, Prices.................... 45 Figure 33. EU15 Countries Import of Chilled Whole Hake from Most Important Countries, Prices ................... 46 Figure 34. World Catches of Hoki by Specie, 1970 -2003 ................................................................................... 47 Figure 35. World Catches of Hoki (Blue Grenadier) by Country, 1970 -2003 ..................................................... 47 Figure 36. World Catches of Hoki (Patagonian Grenadier) by Country, 1978 -2003........................................... 48 Figure 37. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Frozen Hoki (Blue Grenadier) Products, Volume .................. 48 Figure 38. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Frozen Hoki (Blue Grenadier) Products Prices ......................... 49 Figure 39. EU15 Import of Frozen Hoki(Blue Grenadier) Fillets, Prices from Most Important Countries .......... 50 Figure 40. World Catches of Haddock by Country, 1950 -2003........................................................................... 51 Figure 41. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Haddock Products, Volume ........................... 52 Figure 42. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Haddock Products, Prices .............................. 52 Figure 43. UK Import prices of Whole Fresh Haddock ........................................................................................ 54 Figure 44. UK Import prices of Whole Frozen Haddock...................................................................................... 54 Figure 45. UK Import prices of Frozen Haddock Fillets....................................................................................... 55 Figure 46. World Catches of Saithe by Country, 1950 -2003 ............................................................................... 55 Figure 47. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Saithe Products, Volume ............................... 56 Figure 48. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Prices of Chilled/Frozen Saithe Products .................................. 56 Figure 49. EU15 Import of Fresh Whole Saithe, Prices from Most Important Countries..................................... 58 Figure 50. EU15 Import of Frozen Saithe Fillets, Prices from Most Important Countries ................................... 59 Figure 51. World Catches of Redfish by Country, 1950 -2003............................................................................. 60 Figure 52. EU15 Import from Third Countries of Chilled/Frozen Redfish Products, Volume ............................. 61 Figure 53. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Prices of Chilled/Frozen Redfish Products ................................ 61 Figure 54. German Import of Frozen Redfish Fillets, MT .................................................................................... 63 Figure 55. German Import of Frozen Redfish Fillets, Prices From Most Important Sources ............................... 63

148

Figure 56. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Yearly frozen fillet prices on Alaska Pollock, Cod, Redfish and Haddock ................................................................................................................................................................ 64 Figure 57. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Yearly frozen fillet prices on Alaska Pollock, Hake, Hoki and Saithe .................................................................................................................................................................... 64 Figure 58. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Monthly frozen fillet prices on Alaska Pollock, Cod, Redfish and Haddock ................................................................................................................................................................ 65 Figure 59. EU15 Import from Third Countries; Monthly frozen fillet prices on Alaska Pollock, Hake, Hoki and Saithe .................................................................................................................................................................... 65 Figure 60. UK; import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species................................................... 66 Figure 61. UK; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT.................................................................................. 67 Figure 62. Spanish Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species............................................. 70 Figure 63. German Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species............................................. 73 Figure 64. French Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species .............................................. 77 Figure 65. Danish Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species .............................................. 80 Figure 66. Danish Export of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species .............................................. 81 Figure 67. The Netherlands; Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species .............................. 84 Figure 68. The Netherlands; Export of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species .............................. 85 Figure 69. Portuguese Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species........................................ 86 Figure 70. Italian import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species................................................ 88 Figure 71. Belgian Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species ............................................. 90 Figure 72. Swedish Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species ............................................ 91 Figure 73. Irish import of chilled/frozen products, Seven Groundfish species ..................................................... 92 Figure 74. Greek Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species................................................ 92 Figure 75. Austrian import of chilled/frozen products, Seven Groundfish species............................................... 93 Figure 76. Finnish Import of Chilled/Frozen Products, Seven Groundfish Species.............................................. 93 Figure 77. EU15 Import Fresh/Chilled and Frozen Products from Seven Groundfish Species, Values ............... 95 Figure 78. Icelandic Export of Seafood, Values ................................................................................................... 96 Figure 79. Icelandic Export of Ground fish, Volumes (and Values)..................................................................... 96 Figure 80. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Groundfish, Volumes and Values ........ 97 Figure 81. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Groundfish, Volumes and Values ........ 97 Figure 82. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Cod, Volume and Values ..................... 98 Figure 83. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod to the EU15, Volumes and Values.......................................... 98 Figure 84. Icelandic Export of Cod to the EU15, Prices ISK................................................................................ 99 Figure 85. Icelandic Export of Cod. Composition of the Fillet Category, Volume percentages........................... 99 Figure 86. Export of Cod to EU15, Prices (ISK) on Main Fillet Products.......................................................... 100 Figure 87. Iceland; Monthly Cod Landings, Volume ......................................................................................... 100 Figure 88. Norway; Monthly Cod Landings, Volume ........................................................................................ 101 Figure 89. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Redfish, Volume and Values.............. 102 Figure 90. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Redfish to the EU15, Volumes and Values.................................. 102 Figure 91. Icelandic Export of Redfish to the EU, Prices ISK............................................................................ 102 Figure 92. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Haddock, Volume and Values............ 103 Figure 93. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Haddock to the EU15, Volumes and Values ................................ 103 Figure 94. Icelandic Export of Haddock to the EU15, Prices ISK...................................................................... 104 Figure 95. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Saithe, Volume and Values ................ 104 Figure 96. Icelandic Export of Fresh/Frozen Saithe to the EU15, Volumes and Values .................................... 105 Figure 97. Icelandic Export of Saithe to the EU15, Development in the Product Categories, Volume percentages ............................................................................................................................................................................ 105 Figure 98. Icelandic Export of Saithe fillets to the EU15, Prices ISK ................................................................ 106 Figure 99. Norwegian Export of seafood, Values ............................................................................................... 106 Figure 100. Norwegian Export of Groundfish, Volumes and Values ................................................................. 107 Figure 101. Norwegian Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Groundfish, Volumes and Values . 107 Figure 102. Norwegian Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Groundfish, Volumes and Values . 107 Figure 103. Norwegian Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Cod, Volume and Values .............. 108 Figure 104. Norwegian Export of Cod to the EU15, Volume and Values .......................................................... 108 Figure 105. Norwegian Export of Cod to the EU15, Prices NOK ...................................................................... 109 Figure 106. Norwegian Import of Whole Cod, 1988 to 2004 ............................................................................. 110 Figure 107. Norwegian Import of Whole Frozen Cod, 1988 to 2004 ................................................................. 110 Figure 108. Norwegian Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Saithe, Volume and Values ........... 111 Figure 109. Norwegian Export of Saithe to the EU15, Volume and Values....................................................... 111 Figure 110. Norwegian Export of Saithe to the EU15, Prices NOK ................................................................... 112 Figure 111. Norwegian Export of Fresh/Frozen Products of Haddock, Volume and Values ............................. 112

149

Figure 112. Norwegian Export of Haddock to the EU15, Volume and Values .................................................. 113 Figure 113. Norwegian Export of Haddock to the EU15, prices NOK............................................................... 113 Figure 114. Norwegian Export of Fresh/Frozen Products of Redfish, Volume and Values ............................... 114 Figure 115. Norwegian Export of Redfish to The EU15, Volume and Values ................................................... 114 Figure 116. Norwegian Export of Redfish to the EU15, prices NOK................................................................. 114 Figure 117. Faroe Islands Export of Groundfish, Volumes and Values.............................................................. 115 Figure 118. Faroese Export of Fresh/Frozen Groundfish Products, Volumes and Values.................................. 115 Figure 119. Faroese Export of Fresh/Frozen Groundfish Products, Volumes and Values.................................. 116 Figure 120. Faroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Cod, Volume and Values ....................... 116 Figure 121. Faroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod to the EU15, Volume and Values............................................. 117 Figure 122. Faroese Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod to the EU15, Prices DKK...................................................... 117 Figure 123. Faroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Saithe, Volume and Values.................... 118 Figure 124. Faroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Saithe to the EU15, Volume and Values ......................................... 118 Figure 125. Faroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Saithe to the EU15, Prices DKK...................................................... 118 Figure 126. Faroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Whole/Filets/Mince/Meat Haddock, Volume and Values ............... 119 Figure 127. Faroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Haddock to the EU15, Volume and Values ..................................... 119 Figure 128. Faroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Haddock to The EU15, Prices DKK ................................................ 120 Figure 129. Faroe Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod, Saithe, Haddock, Volume percent........................................... 120 Figure 130. Chinese Catches from 1950 -2003................................................................................................... 121 Figure 131. Chinese Aquaculture Production from 1950 -2003 ......................................................................... 121 Figure 132. Chinese import of seafood, 1976-2003............................................................................................ 122 Figure 133. EU15 Countries; Import from and Export to China of the Seven Groundfish species, MT ............ 122 Figure 134. Norwegian Export of Whole Fish to China, MT ............................................................................. 123 Figure 135. Icelandic Export of Whole Fish to China, MT................................................................................. 124 Figure 136. USA; Export of fresh/frozen Groundfish products to China, MT.................................................... 124 Figure 137. USA; Import of fresh/frozen Groundfish products from China, MT ............................................... 125 Figure 138. USA; Import of the Seven Groundfish Species, MT ....................................................................... 126 Figure 139. USA; Export of the Seven Groundfish Species, MT ....................................................................... 126 Figure 140. USA; Export of Seafood to the EU15, MT...................................................................................... 127 Figure 141. USA; Export of the Seven Groundfish Species to the EU15, Volume and Value ........................... 127 Figure 142. USA; Export of Fresh/Frozen Alaska Pollock products, Volume ................................................... 128 Figure 143. USA; Export of Fresh/Frozen Alaska Pollock to the EU15, Volume .............................................. 128 Figure 144. USA; Export of Fresh/Frozen Alaska Pollock to the EU15, Prices ................................................. 129 Figure 145. USA; Export of Frozen Alaska Pollock Surimi, Prices ................................................................... 129 Figure 146. USA; Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod, Volume.................................................................................... 130 Figure 147. USA; Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod to the EU15, Volume............................................................... 130 Figure 148. USA; Export of Fresh/Frozen Cod to the EU15, Prices.................................................................. 130 Figure 149. EU15 Import of Alaska Pollock from Russia, MT .......................................................................... 132 Figure 150. EU15 Import of Cod from Russia, MT ............................................................................................ 132 Figure 151. Norway, Iceland and Faroe Islands Import of whole Cod from Russia, MT ................................... 133 Figure 152. USA; Import of Alaska Pollock from Russia, MT........................................................................... 133 Figure 153, USA; Import of Cod from Russia, MT ............................................................................................ 133 Figure 154. Namibian Catches from 1985 -2003 ................................................................................................ 134 Figure 155. EU15 Import of Seafood from Namibia .......................................................................................... 134 Figure 156. EU15 Import of Hake from Namibia ............................................................................................... 135 Figure 157. South African Catches from 1950 -2003 ......................................................................................... 135 Figure 158. EU15 Import of Seafood from South Africa.................................................................................... 136 Figure 159. EU15 Import of Hake from South Africa ........................................................................................ 136 Figure 160. Argentine Catches from 1950 -2003................................................................................................ 137 Figure 161. EU15 Import of Seafood from Argentine ........................................................................................ 138 Figure 162. EU15 Import of Hake from Argentine............................................................................................. 138 Figure 163. Chilean Catches from 1950 -2003 ................................................................................................... 139 Figure 164. Chilean Catches of Hake and Hoki from 1950 -2003 ...................................................................... 139 Figure 165. Chilean Aquaculture Production from 1980 -2003.......................................................................... 140 Figure 166. EU15 Import of Seafood from Chile ............................................................................................... 140 Figure 167. EU15 Import of Hake from Chile .................................................................................................... 141 Figure 168. EU15 Import of Surimi from Chile.................................................................................................. 141 Figure 169. EU15 Import of Other Saltwater Fish from Chile............................................................................ 141 Figure 170. Uruguay Catches from 1950 -2003.................................................................................................. 142 Figure 171. EU15 Import of Seafood from Uruguay .......................................................................................... 142 Figure 172. EU15 Import of Hake from Uruguay............................................................................................... 143

150

Figure 173. New Zealand Catches from 1985 -2003 .......................................................................................... 143 Figure 174. EU15 Import of Seafood from New Zealand................................................................................... 144 Figure 175. EU15 Import of Hoki (Blue Grenadier) from New Zealand ............................................................ 144 Figure 176. EU15 Import of Hake from New Zealand ....................................................................................... 144 Figure 177. Polish Catches from 1985 -2003...................................................................................................... 145 Figure 178. Polish Export and Import from EU15, Volume ............................................................................... 146 Figure 179. EU15 import of Cod from Poland.................................................................................................... 146

Appendix 2) TABLES Table 1. World Aquaculture of Seven Groundfish Species, 1994 -2003, MT ...................................................... 14 Table 2. EU15 Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT ................................................................................. 14 Table 3. EU15 Import of Saltwater Species Not Identified in the Statistics ......................................................... 17 Table 4. EU15 Import of Freshwater Species Not Identified in the Statistics....................................................... 18 Table 5. EU15 Import, Export and Net Import of fresh, frozen products from Seven Groundfish species, Volume .............................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Table 6. EU15 Catches of Cod, 1000 MT............................................................................................................. 22 Table 7. EU15 Countries; Import of fresh/frozen Cod from Third Countries, MT............................................... 24 Table 8. EU15 Import of Cod from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004................................................................... 25 Table 9. EU15 Countries Net Import of Cod, 2003 and 2004............................................................................... 26 Table 10. UK Import of Cod, 2003 and 2004 ....................................................................................................... 27 Table 11. UK Import of Frozen fillets of Cod, 2003 and 2004 ............................................................................. 28 Table 12. French Import of Cod, 2003 and 2004 .................................................................................................. 28 Table 13. French Import of Whole Chilled/Fresh Cod, 2003 and 2004................................................................ 29 Table 14. Portuguese Import of Cod, 2003 and 2004 ........................................................................................... 29 Table 15. Portuguese Import of Whole Frozen Cod, 2003 and 2004.................................................................... 29 Table 16. EU15 Countries; Import of Pollock/A. Pollock from Third Countries, MT ......................................... 32 Table 17. EU15 Import of Alaska Pollock/Pollock from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 .................................. 33 Table 18. EU15 Countries Import of Alaska Pollock/Pollock from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004.................. 33 Table 19. EU15 Countries Net Import of Alaska Pollock/Pollock 2003 and 2004............................................... 33 Table 20. German Import of Alaska Pollock/Pollock, 2003 and 2004.................................................................. 34 Table 21. German Import of Frozen Fillets of Alaska Pollock, 2003 and 2004.................................................... 34 Table 22. French Import of Alaska Pollock/Pollock, 2003 and 2004 ................................................................... 35 Table 23. French Import of Frozen Fillets of Alaska Pollock, 2003 and 2004 ..................................................... 35 Table 24. Netherlands Import of Alaska Pollock/Pollock, 2003 and 2004 ........................................................... 35 Table 25. EU15 Countries Net Import of Surimi, MT .......................................................................................... 36 Table 26. EU15 Countries Import of Surimi, MT ................................................................................................. 37 Table 27. EU15 Countries; Import of Hake from Third Countries, MT ............................................................... 43 Table 28. EU15 Import of Hake from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 ............................................................... 43 Table 29. EU15 Countries Import of Hake from Main Countries, 2003 and 2004 ............................................... 44 Table 30. EU15 Countries Net Import of Hake, 2003 and 2004. .......................................................................... 44 Table 31. Spanish Import of Hake from Most Important Countries, 2003 and 2004............................................ 46 Table 32. EU15 Import of Hoki (Blue Grenadier) from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004.................................... 49 Table 33. EU15 Countries Import of Hoki (Blue Grenadier) from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 ................... 49 Table 34. EU15 Countries Net Import of Hoki (Blue Grenadier), 2003 and 2004 ............................................... 50 Table 35. EU15 Import of Hoki (Blue Grenadier) from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004.................................... 50 Table 36. EU15; Catches of Haddock, MT ........................................................................................................... 51 Table 37. EU15 Countries; Import of Haddock from Third Countries, MT ......................................................... 51 Table 38. EU15 Import of Haddock from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 ......................................................... 53 Table 39. UK Import of Haddock 2003 and 2004................................................................................................. 53 Table 40. EU15 Countries; Import of Saithe from Third Countries, MT.............................................................. 57 Table 41. EU15 Import of Saithe from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004.............................................................. 57 Table 42. EU15 countries; Net Import of Saithe, 2003 and 2004 ......................................................................... 58 Table 43. French Import of Saithe, 2003 and 2004............................................................................................... 59 Table 44. EU15 ; Catches of Redfish, MT ............................................................................................................ 60 Table 45. EU15 Countries; Import of Redfish from Third Countries, MT ........................................................... 60 Table 46. EU15 Import of Redfish from Third Countries, 2003 and 2004 ........................................................... 62 Table 47. German Import of Redfish, 2003 and 2004........................................................................................... 62 Table 48. EU15 Countries Net Import of Seven Groundfish Species, 1000 EURO ............................................. 66 Table 49. EU15 Countries Import of Seven Groundfish Species, 1000 EURO .................................................... 66

151

Table 50. UK Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT ................................................................................... 68 Table 51. UK Import, Export and Net Import of Haddock, MT ........................................................................... 68 Table 52. UK Import, Export and Net Import of Pollock/Alaska Pollock, MT .................................................... 69 Table 53. Spain; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT................................................................................ 70 Table 54. Spanish Import, Export and Net Import of Hake, MT .......................................................................... 71 Table 55. Spanish Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT ............................................................................ 72 Table 56. Germany; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT.......................................................................... 73 Table 57. German Import, Export and Net Import of Pollock/A. Pollock, MT .................................................... 74 Table 58. German Import, Export and Net Import of Redfish, MT ...................................................................... 74 Table 59. German Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT ............................................................................ 75 Table 60. German Import, Export and Net Import of Saithe, MT......................................................................... 76 Table 61. German Import, Export and Net Import of Hake, MT .......................................................................... 76 Table 62. France; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT.............................................................................. 77 Table 63. French Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT.............................................................................. 78 Table 64. French Import, Export and Net Import of Pollock/A.Pollock, MT ....................................................... 78 Table 65. French Import, Export and Net Import of Hake, MT ............................................................................ 79 Table 66. French Import, Export and Net Import of Saithe, MT .......................................................................... 80 Table 67. Denmark; Catches of Seven Groundfish species, MT........................................................................... 81 Table 68. Danish Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT.............................................................................. 82 Table 69. Danish Import, Export and Net Import of Saithe, MT .......................................................................... 83 Table 70. Danish Import, Export and Net Import of Haddock, MT...................................................................... 83 Table 71. Danish Import, Export and Net Import of Redfish, MT........................................................................ 84 Table 72. Netherlands; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT ..................................................................... 85 Table 73. Portugal; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT ........................................................................... 86 Table 74. Portuguese Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT ....................................................................... 87 Table 75. Portuguese Import, Export and Net Import of Klipfish and Salted Cod, MT ....................................... 87 Table 76. Portuguese Import, Export and Net Import of Hake, MT ..................................................................... 88 Table 77. Italy; Catches of Seven Groundfish species, MT .................................................................................. 88 Table 78. Italian Import, Export and Net Import of Hake, MT............................................................................. 89 Table 79. Italian Import, Export and Net Import of Cod, MT............................................................................... 89 Table 80. Italian Import of Cured Cod Products, MT ........................................................................................... 90 Table 81. Belgium; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT........................................................................... 90 Table 82. Belgium; Export/Re-export of Seven Groundfish Species, MT............................................................ 90 Table 83. Sweden; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT ............................................................................ 91 Table 84. Ireland; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT ............................................................................. 92 Table 85. Greece; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT ............................................................................. 93 Table 86. Finland; Catches of Seven Groundfish Species, MT............................................................................. 93 Table 87. Icelandic Catches of Cod, 1000 MT...................................................................................................... 98 Table 88. Icelandic Catches of Redfish, 1000 MT.............................................................................................. 101 Table 89. Icelandic Catches of Haddock, 1000 MT............................................................................................ 103 Table 90. Icelandic Catches of Saithe, 1000 MT ................................................................................................ 104 Table 91. Norwegian Catches of Cod, 1000 MT ................................................................................................ 108 Table 92. Production (sale) of Farmed Cod in Norway, MT ............................................................................. 109 Table 93. Norwegian Export of Fresh Whole Farmed and Sea Ranged Cod, MT .............................................. 109 Table 94. Norwegian landings from foreign vessels, MT .................................................................................. 110 Table 95. Norwegian Catches of Saithe, 1000 MT ............................................................................................. 111 Table 96. Norwegian Catches of Haddock, 1000 MT......................................................................................... 112 Table 97. Norwegian Catches of Redfish, 1000 MT........................................................................................... 113 Table 98. Faroe Islands; Catches of Cod, 1000 MT............................................................................................ 116 Table 99. Faroe Islands; Catches of Saithe, 1000 MT ........................................................................................ 118 Table 100. Faroe Islands; Catches of Haddock, 1000 MT .................................................................................. 119 Table 101. EU15 import of Alaska Pollock from China, MT ............................................................................. 123 Table 102. EU15 import of fillets and export of whole fish from/to China, MT ................................................ 123 Table 103. USA; Catches of Alaska Pollock, 1000 MT...................................................................................... 128 Table 104. USA; Catches of Cod, 1000 MT ....................................................................................................... 129 Table 105. Russian Catches of Alaska Pollock and Cod, 1000 MT.................................................................... 131 Table 106. Polish Seafood Trade 1990 to 2003, Volumes and Values ............................................................... 145

152

GLOBEFISH MARKET RESEARCH PROGRAMME This activity is part of the services provided by the Fish Marketing and Utilization Service (FIIU) of the Fisheries Department of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Issued

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Effect of World Trade Organization’s Regulation on World Fish Trade (87p.)….................Mar 2000 Eng

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Vol.68

The World Market for Frog Legs (44p.)....................................................................................June 2001 Eng

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Vol.69

Fishery Industry Profile – Thailand (76p.).................................................................................Nov 2001 Eng

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Vol.70

The Fishery Industry in Greece (59p.)........................................................................................Nov 2001 Eng

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Vol.71

The German Market for Fish and Seafood (116p.)..................................................................... Jan 2002 Eng

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Vol.72

Fish Roe in Europe: Supply and Demand Conditions (47p.)......................................................Nov 2002 Eng

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Vol.73

Salmon – A Study of Global Supply and Demand (151p.).………………………........... …. July 2003 Eng

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Vol.74

World Tuna markets (135p.)......................................................................................................May 2004 Eng

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Vol.75

Fishery Industry Profile – Viet Nam (57p.).................................................................................July 2004 Eng

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Vol.76

Fishery Industry in China (74p.).................................................................................................Sept 2004 Eng

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Vol.77

Overview of Organic Markets: an Opportunity for Aquaculture Products? (98p.)...................Jan 2005 Eng

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Vol.78

Seafood Price Indices (44p.).………………………………………………………...………Apr 2005 Eng

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Vol.79

World Market of Tilapia (28p.)…………………………………………………………....…Apr 2005 Eng

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Vol.80

Fishery Industry Profile – Russia.(70p.)…………………………………………………….. June 2005 Eng

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GLOBEFISH RESEARCH PROGRAMME Trends in European Groundfish Markets Volume 81

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fishery Industries Division Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy Tel.: +39 06 5705 5074 Fax: +39 06 5705 5188 www.globefish.org

Trends in European Groundfish Markets

Volume 81