JOHN LOCKE
Master of Science Advanced Architecture Design Columbia University GSAPP
2008/2009
ARGU MEN TS
2008/2009
3
3
summer 2008_ Political Fever
fall 2008_ Proof3: Mumbai Airport
spring 2009_ Speed Territory Communication
studios
01
Political Fever critic: Keith Kaseman studio title: Political Fever chosen site: 9 locations of ‘town centers’—pseudo-urban outdoor malls in purple states program chosen: political debate arenas that can be inserted into the existing landscape with an “on” and “off ” position. computer programs used: rhino + grasshopper quick project description: “In America, the most active civic space is no longer public plazas or parks, but rather a new typology—“town centers”—Mall/Promenade hybrids of housing, public space, and shopping. This is where people gather, and into each of these places a civic function is inserted—political debate arenas where the viewer is no longer passive but takes an active role in the decision process, and is loudly confronted with a newfound political reality.”
2009. MSAAD . Columbia University
The project becomes a version of American Flag 2.0, something that doesn’t only wave from above in the wind, but rather demands work, a back and forth engagement between
voter and candidate. The goal is that these can be sold to these town centers and through their sheer ubiquity and the rise of spectacle as a means of increasing shopping revenue, these proposals become the new American generic space. The Easton Town Center in Ohio displays a number of contradictions, home to the largest university in the country, but also numerous military contracting connections, including North American Aviation which manufactured components for the B-1 bomber in addition to missiles and guidance systems. Each site was chosen not only for its status as a battleground state, but also as the 21st century incarnation of what constitutes public and civic space in America today, the outdoor shopping, dining, living spaces that are labeled as the new urban Town Centers, evolutions of the 1970s covered mall. If the goal is to affect and inform the greatest number of voters/shoppers, this is where the project would have to go, a placeless place lacking any form of civic engagement.
PoliticalFever
town centers, a new typology
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PoliticalFever
early formal studies mobius typologies - blurring of inside and out
reappropriation of the flag - Abbie Hoffman & Patton
initial charette debate platform studies Political theatrics are played up in this ring of paper, used for candidates to energetically rush out and engage the audience.
A modular, mobile speech platform that can be deployed on short notice, as needed throughout the country. The speech platform becomes an occupiable billboard with an immediately recognizable message. The advertised message becomes united with the candidate while controlling media backdrop images.
PoliticalFever
event anticipation through concealment of movement vectors
existing political debate setup - passive audience
proposed ppr p new setup p - inverted arena, audience makes a choice inside
circulation loop for non-site specific deployment audience loop candidate A loop candidate B loop shared candidate entry
non-site specific deployment average crowd size
PoliticalFever
site01: Town Center, Easton, Ohio Debate center becomes a publicly occupied green space, semi-isolated from the existing context.
site plan in town square
detail of movable skin system
PoliticalFever
Easton, Ohio installation in ‘on’ position Easton is home to the Aegis Defense Manufacturing Corp., responsible for cruise missile fabrication and one of the largest job providers.
PoliticalFever
site02: The District, Las Vegas, Nevada Debate center becomes a second level above existing shops
site plan in town square OPERABLE FACADE speaker ramp behind
GREAT LAWN / RALLY SPACE MALL ENTRANCE
PROJECTION SCREEN faces highway ANCILLARY STAGE MEETING SPACE
PoliticalFever
02
Mumbai Airport critic: David Benjamin studio title: Proof3 given site: Mumbai, India given program: A second airport for the capital city of Mumbai. The airport currently on the site is also occupied by 300,000 slum inhabitants along the periphery. computer programs used: Catia + modeFrontier + Autodesk Robot, Rhino quick project description: Airports typically attempt to be all things to all people, resulting in general inefficiency and awkward relationships between program spaces. By seeking new opportunities via trade-offs, for instance a tourist class passenger waiting longer but flying for free, or a business class passenger’s ticket price rises while he waits less in a more luxurious setting, a new circulation map and airport space is created that addresses these disparate groups needs. Optimal relationships between airlines, airport, and users are handled through parametric models and genetic algorithms.
2009. MSAAD . Columbia University
$ REVENUE
8% of passengers generate 50% of profit for the airlines
What is the metric for a good design? Or rather, now that parametric modelling allows us to easily create thousands of variations of a given design, how do we chose the “correct” one?
The studio process involved first creating a parametric model in catia, whose inputs are optimized through the engineering program modeFrontier with additional structural finite element analysis coming from Autodesk’s newly acquired Robot. The challenge became how to convert your design position, parti, whatever, into a quantifiable metric that the software can optimize for. For instance, to optimize for material efficiency, you could let the software optimize a shape for maximize volume with minimal surface area. After 3000 designs you’d have a sphere, but things can get very complex fast when you begin optimizing for competing objectives. I was drawn to the metrics of passenger economy and profit. Airports typically attempt to be all things to all people, resulting in general inefficiency and awkward relationships between program spaces and passengers, especially business and tourist class. By seeking new opportunities via trade-offs, for instance a tourist class passenger waiting longer but flying for free, or a business class passenger’s ticket price rises while creating multiple, separate dedicated entry points that allow shorter waits, a new optimized circulation map based on these new movement vectors emerges.
Proof3
airline precedents luxury class only airlines
Silverjet
Maxjet
EOS
“We no longer have business class passengers subsidizing coach.” Lawrence Hunt, CEO of Siverjet, 2007
economy only airlines
Southwest
Ryanair
Air Deccan
“Passengers will accept certain inconveniences in exchange for low fares.” Michael O’Leary, CEO of Ryanair, 2008
airports increasingly derive profits from ancillary businesses
2020 2005 1990
Each hanging element is a program + structural column connected by a circulation tube. Within the circulation tube tourist class passengers have the opportunity to fly for free, passing through each commercial program space. One objective is to maximize the length of the tube thereby allowing more passengers to fly for free maximizing the airports ancillary profits. Another objective is to create an unobstructed space for business class passengers requiring few of the program spaces to touch the ground but rather hang, allowing business class passengers to freely pass through below. The more columns that touch the ground, the more structurally stable the ceiling space frame becomes, allowing more housing towers above. The program mediates between these competing objectives finding high-performing, unexpected solutions and it becomes the role of the user to rank and chose designs based on desired criteria. Most housing = most columns = fewer business class travellers, etc… In this system hopelessly outdated definitions, such as the architect as “creator” and the inhabitant as “user,” are no longer valid. Technology opens up new possibilities and new choices in response to change, and a realignment of the artist-spectator relationship. Change can be drastic, fast, and dirty, impossible for an architect to foresee. An airport built in 1930 has a very different relationship to a ticket holder than one built in 2009. The user — the inhabitant, the client — has the option of creating the optimized relationships within their own built object that can evolve over time. The role of the architect becomes that of setting up a system of relationships, and giving the user the emancipatory means to creation. The architect’s traditional role is too slow to enact meaningful social change. Speed and efficiency dominate the urban landscape, and a new infrastructure has to allow for improvisation and expandability. Process becomes the paramount driver of creation, while the final result remains an amorphous ideal. In this way, this project seeks to codify the unpredictable nature of human behavior and forecast future trends in airport planning. Airports, which initially served few passengers in what was seen as a luxury item, has evolved into buses in the sky. However, airports don’t have to be clumsily retrofitted to handle additional masses of travellers or new security measures, but can rather grow and expand with the changing social and economical landscape that characterizes air travel, especially in a loaded site like Mumbai, India.
airport realities + project proposal
exclusion leads to opportunity for the other 92% Optimal movement vectors for Tourist class and Business class passengers through the airport. One values low fares, while the other considers speed and choice primary. These two together equal the future airport.
+
Proof3
experiment 01: optimized terminal layout starting position
range of possible solutions with various optimal objectives
objectives 1. MAX 2. MIN 3. MAX 4. MIN
total aircraft total terminal square footage/total aircraft ratio length of forced-fly-for-free path (yellow lines) distance travelled by paying travellers (red lines)
pareto graph showing location of various solutions
ranking objectives to narrow the solution space
based on prioritized objectives, design #2093 was aggregated on site
site aggregation
other siting options using different selection criteria prioritizing maximum efficiency of terminal square footage to planes but the longest route for business class
minimizing the distance for business class / maximizing forced fly for free path inefficient terminal square footage to number of planes ration
Proof3
experiment 02: structure+program elements Parametric model inputs INPUTS
- Column Height (If Height is < 1, column+program space hangs from the ceiling and is not a structural support) - Column Positions (they travel on rails along the space frame); - Column Angles
OUTPUTS
- Retail ASF (red surfaces); - Column Exterior SF (blue surfaces); - Length of Forced Path (yellow lines)
OBJECTIVES - Minimize (column exterior SF / retail ASF); - Maximize (length of forced path)
inhabitable roofscape if / then model setup - affordable housing or skylights for terminal daylighting
The higher the stress on the roof space frame, the greater chance for a housing tower to emerge. Evolutionary algorithms were tested to see if structural columns would cluster below housing towers.
Proof3
efficiency through segmentation // final experiments matrix
EXPERIMENT 02 MAX PATH + CLUMPING COLUMNS INPUTS
1. COLUMN POSITIONS 2. COLUMN DEPTHS 3. COLUMN TOP RADIUS 4. COLUMN BOTTOM RADIUS 5. COLUMN ANGLE 6. HOUSING DEFORM ATTRACTORS 7. TRUSS HEIGHT AND DEFORMATION
OUTPUTS
1. TOTAL LENGTH OF FORCED PATH 2. COLUMN SURFACE AREA 3. RETAIL SPACE SQUARE FOOTAGE 4. HOUSING FLOOR PLAN SF 5. SKYLIGHT AREA SF
OBJECTIVES
1. MAX TOTAL LENGTH OF FORCED PATH 2. MAX RATIO OF COLUMN SURFACE AREA OVER RETAIL SQUARE FOOTAGE 3. MAX RATIO OF HOUSING SURFACE OVER SKYLIGHT (SKYLIGHT AREA IS ASSOCIATED WITH TERMINAL ENTRY)
EXPERIMENT 03 MAX PATH + CLUMPING COLUMNS + SIMULATE STRUCTURE INPUTS
1. COLUMN POSITIONS 2. COLUMN DEPTHS 3. COLUMN TOP RADIUS 4. COLUMN BOTTOM RADIUS 5. COLUMN ANGLE 6. HOUSING DEFORM ATTRACTORS 7. TRUSS HEIGHT AND DEFORMATION 8. COLUMN LENGTH
OUTPUTS
1. TOTAL LENGTH OF FORCED PATH 2. COLUMN SURFACE AREA 3. RETAIL SPACE SQUARE FOOTAGE 4. HOUSING FLOOR PLAN SF 5. SKYLIGHT AREA SF 6. TOTAL COLUMN LENGTH
OBJECTIVES
1. MAX TOTAL LENGTH OF FORCED PATH 2. MAX RATIO OF COLUMN SURFACE AREA OVER RETAIL SQUARE FOOTAGE 3. MAX RATIO OF HOUSING SURFACE OVER SKYLIGHT (SKYLIGHT AREA IS ASSOCIATED WITH TERMINAL ENTRY) 4. MAX TOTAL LENGTH OF COLUMNS
EXPERIMENT 04 MAX PATH + CLUMPING COLUMNS + ROBOT STRUCTURE INPUTS
1. COLUMN POSITIONS 2. COLUMN DEPTHS 3. COLUMN TOP RADIUS 4. COLUMN BOTTOM RADIUS 5. COLUMN ANGLE 6. HOUSING DEFORM ATTRACTORS 7. TRUSS HEIGHT AND DEFORMATION 8. COLUMN LENGTH
OUTPUTS
OBJECTIVES
1. MAX TOTAL LENGTH OF FORCED PATH 2. MAX RATIO OF COLUMN SURFACE AREA OVER RETAIL SQUARE FOOTAGE 3. MAX RATIO OF HOUSING SURFACE OVER SKYLIGHT (SKYLIGHT AREA IS ASSOCIATED WITH TERMINAL ENTRY) 4.MIN STRUCTURAL DISPLACEMENT
1. TOTAL LENGTH OF FORCED PATH 2. COLUMN SURFACE AREA 3. RETAIL SPACE SQUARE FOOTAGE 4. HOUSING FLOOR PLAN SF 5. SKYLIGHT AREA SF 6. GLOBAL EXTREME STRUCTURAL DISPLACEMENT
Proof3
final design charts: 3 objectives versus 4
Adding new objectives(below) creates additional complexity by producing multiple high-performing designs. Choosing a design begins to involve trade-offs as there is no longer one design that fits all the criteria, but rather many pareto designs.
in in ini niti tial model configuration tia
high performing structural results
design #254 fly for free path p length g max column srf / retail floor area housing g capacity p y number of columns
design #455 fly fl y for free p path path length g max column srf / retail floor area housing capacity number of columns
design #432 fly fl y for free p path length g max column srf / retail floor area housing g capacity p y number of columns
design #405
+ ++++++ +++ ++++++
+++ ++++ ++++ +++++++
+++++ +++++ + +++++
fly for free path p h len ength g max column srf / retail floor area housing g capacity p y number of columns
design #585 fly for free path fly p length g max column srf / retail floor area housing capacity number of columns
design #333 fly for free path fly p length g max column srf / retail floor area housing g capacity p y number of columns
++ +++ ++++++ +++++++
++++ ++ + +++++++
++++++ ++ ++++++ +++++++++
Proof3
high performing, unexpected results Cantilevered Design, 254
Graph of Design Space
possible evolutionary history
Catia and Finite Element Analysis Software
design trends Objectives include maximizing the length of columns (theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll touch down) but minimizing their outer surface area (theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll lift up, or clump and boolean together).
Columns tend to spread out and lift up - not clump together.
design g #2359
Columns tend to bunch together in the middle and touch the ground
des g #2237 design 3
Columns tend to spread out and bunch together at the ends - and touch down
design g #2396
Proof3
design 2934 section (optimized for business class) Optimized for business class. Competing objectives allow for airlines (client) to configure each terminal to their own specifications or preferences. Needs for more housing lead to additional columns which increase the time and obstacles for business class, while revenue is increased by extending the forced path.
PROGRAM + STRUCTURE Retail accessible to business and free flyers, provides structural support.
FLY FOR FREE Forced path continues through terminals
PROGRAM ONLY Retail shop hanging from the ceiling plane.
SKYLIGHTS objectives tended to clump them away from columns above entry points
BUSINESS CLASS ENTRY Minimal security and ticketing presence LIVE FOR FREE airport worker housing, access to retail
BAGGAGE/ ARRIVALS
design trends objectives include maximizing the length of columns (theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll touch down) but minimizing their outer surface area (theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll lift up, or clump and boolean together).
New techniques of design require new modes of representation. Here, the first 3400 designs are overlayed on top of each other as both a graphical device but also as an informational system to quickly visualize which areas change the most and which trend toward stabilization.
Proof3
final images
Optimized designs determined by airport client/userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s priorities.
housing + business class
fly-for-free + business class
housing + fly-for-free
Proof3
03
Global Panopticon critic: Ed Keller studio title: SpeedTerritoryCommuncation chosen site: Beijing program chosen: Location aware, personal prison cells. computer programs used: rhino + grasshopper quick project description: Architecture is a system of control predicated on limitations. This project is a study of the existing control systems in Beijing and a projection of how architecture and technology will merge to change not only prisons, but also the urban environment, the social stratification of society. Also addressed are what confinement and freedom will mean in relation to our relationship with how we build our world.
2009. MSAAD . Columbia University
PARANOIA
may.2014
the architecture that informs you of what could be
exclusive: the pods and you, what you need to know.
focusing on the future: should architects return?
questions about the anomaly: can it be contained?
plus: what sections of the city are next? when will the tipping point arrive at your home?
SpeedTerritoryCommunication
first six weeks: research Noise, the parasite, the anomaly and the threshold between order and chaos.
Noise, the parasite
THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATION OF TIME No longer was the newtonian universal concept of time accepted, science had codified entropy.
PARASITES ARE THE AGENTS OF CHANGE The parasite makes change necessary and possible. Two different methods: cause death, destruction - chaos; or create unbelievable changes Serres, The Origin of Language
IN THE BEGINNING THERE IS NOISE Leibniz â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hurricane/Ocean inside of us, yet we perceive none of it.â&#x20AC;? A trembling, self-organizing world. White noise persists even in nonexistence.There is always a background noise, chaos behind order and disorder.No system is without turbulence for very long, there is always the anomaly. Serres, The Origin of Language
CHAOS IS THE ORIGIN Serres considers atomism the origin of the turbulence, of new and complex forms from the tiniest difference in the speed of flowing energy. Within the flurry of activity, a spontaneous order results. An idea, a language, a machine, is built from pieces of noise; chaos and turbulence are the origin.
HOMEORRHETIC SYSTEM OF EVOLUTION In biology, describes the tendency of developing or changing organisms to continue development or change towards a given state, even if disturbed by an anomaly in development. Eddies in the river cannot reverse the phylogenesis of the organism.
Issues of restraint and punishment in a future system of control in the pre-singularity information age.
Discipline & Punishment
PARASITIC ECONOMIC MODELS The model of the relationship between the parasite and host serves as a useful model for all forms of social, cultural, and technological mediation. All acts of exchange are based on exploitation. Parasite = Noise = Static. These disruptions are potentially productive in that they result in the formation of a new system. The host cannot control the guest when the principle of altruism is primary.
EVOLUTION OF THE JUDGE/EXECUTIONER History of punishment is the shift from striking the body to striking the soul.The hold on the body was slackening. The guillotine created the executioner as technician. Takes life without touching the body. Punishment is disassociated from physical pain.
PUNISHMENT Public torture gave way public chain gangs. Body is put on display as multiple ‘mini-theaters’ of punishment that reflect the crime. Punishment is public, populace sees the convict’s body repaying their debt. In feudalism, the body is punished (it’s the only property available). A mercantile economy results in forced labor and monetary fines. In the 20th century, forced labor diminished, while “corrective” detention took it’s place.
PUNISHMENT (TREATMENT) VIA DOCTORS Institutional Morphology includes a shift from confinement to treatment. Concepts of “patient” and “cureable” Loss of the public spectacle. However the treatment is frequently a harsher form of punishment. In an attempt to stabilize time the anomaly in the system is encapsulated back within, an attempt to return to Newtonian eternity - remove entropy / disorder. Discipline is constructed for the individual body.“Punishment is shifted from vengeance of the sovereign to the defense of society.”
SpeedTerritoryCommunication
first six weeks: research (continued) Discipline and the role of ethical machines.
systems of control
KNOWLEDGE LEADS TO PUNISHMENT “Punishment, if I may so put it, should strike the soul rather than the body.” Foucault, Discipline and Punishment
MEMORY MAPPING - MEMORY ERASING Extracting the anomaly. Definition of a prison is fluid. Punishment = Erasure of knowledge of crime + freedom of movement Michael Winterbottom, Code46 FALSE MEMORY feedback loops / personality matrix swaps / spiralling-eternal conception of time. “no hay banda” Lynch, Mulholland Drive
MOST COMPLEX, IMMENSELY POWERFUL MACHINE WE’VE ALREADY BUILT The U.S. Government follows a set of rules and if/then statements. Evolves into unforeseeable result due to decisions made by many people(agents) as well as other machines on metadata.
SENTIENT CORPORATIONS + NON-STATE AI MACHINES Application of consciousness - legal status. Larger than many nations. The parasite translates the white noise of the network into a system of relationships and create a new meaning, possibility for alliances - mutual profit. A system thrives on docile bodies, feeds upon itself. Stross, Accelerando
NON-STATE CORPORATE ACTORS State of emergency / state of exception allows this to thrive in defense / military / correctional spheres. For profit, for war (Haliburton, Blackwater...) Rise in prison populations = rise in profits. System that feeds on docile bodies.
The anomaly as destructive or symbiotic force in a system.
Anomaly Matrix
ANOMALY AS DESTRUCTION Poetry (Borqes) is the noise of science. Annihilation occurs when system of poetry conflicts with system of science. ANOMALY AS ANNHILIATION Mystery Man as harbinger of destruction, if chaos reaches too far Operates outside the rules of the game. The noise goes too far within the system. ANOMALY AS SIGN/MESSAGE Monolith, 2001 Deja Vu, Matrix BENEVOLENT ANOMALY AS VOLUNTARY PRISON Nostalgia creates a passive, static typology of predictable and leisurely. Kris is unable to comprehend his own inner complexities and contradictions, prevents him from understanding the unknown. Science and psychology fail to in regards to the unconscious.
SEARCH FOR/REALIZATION OF THE ANOMALY AS PUNISHMENT “You didn’t know the Old Commandant and his way of thinking. You are trapped in a European way of seeing things. Perhaps you are fundamentally opposed to the death penalty in general and to this kind of mechanical style of execution in particular. Moreover, you see how the execution is a sad procedure, without any public participation, using a partially damaged machine.” Kafka, In the Penal Colony
UNCONSCIOUS (SOURCE OF NOISE) BECOMES BLACK BOX TO FEARED, RESTRAINED BY “Why would I want to go into the room” Writer, Stalker
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site: beijing An existing, hyper-fictional space with a built in system of controls. Able to mutate from feudalism to communism to a new permutation of capitalism at rapid pace. Important to note with control mechanisms, that it is not so much about actual punishment, but rather molding a population of docile bodies.
UBIQUITOUS SURVEILLANCE
Behavior is constrained/modified when there is the possibility of being watched. In response, behavior is changed through guilt, fear of censure, embarrassment, or some other mechanism.
THREAT OF PUNISHMENT
Behavior is modified by the human face representing the power of the state. The possibility for immediate punishment, encourages uniform behavior.
MAKE EMOTIONAL CONNECTIONS
$
Size and location also create the sense of authority. At least three mechanisms at work here: ‘appeal to authority’ in terms of attitude / behavior guidance, perceived threat to users who ‘disobey’ authoritative messages, and desire to become more like the ‘pros’ by imitation
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beijing growth Constant state of growth, destruction and maintenance. For the first time, building demolitions and constructions are both increasing, as the urban population explodes.
participatory panopticon With the rise in storage space, reality becomes data. As an extension of facebook, qqzone and twitter, Chinese citizens elect to partake in a participatory panopticon. Through a series of mods, including brain/petabyte storage systems, all experiences are recorded, actions are converted to data. This data is constantly updated to social networks.
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QQZone, more users than facebook
Wearable data recording device.
Underground data server farms mine through the data of everyday existence.
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karmic system of law The Chinese government replaces the current legal system with the Karmic Point System. Minor transgressions like traffic penalties and other misdemeanors remove small amounts of KPS and are not otherwise punished. While major anomalies, like murder, revolutionary actions, expired visas result in automatic loss Karma. In an effort to avoid entropic decay and create universal time, excessive aberrant behavior (whether beneficial or not) is punished.
Any great imbalance in the system is illegal. Punishment involves restoring balance. The prisoner takes on the role of judge/executioner by surveilling the population to find others guilty of the same crime. Three axis are based on somewhat clumsy attempts at Chinese State Control. The poles of the Social Axis are Love and Hate The poles of the Economic Axis are Consumption and Asceticism The poles of the Nationalistic Axis are Revolution and Fascism In a virtually connected world, national identity is no longer determined by physical borders. Groups in a limitless space are determined by their individual, common relationships based on past deeds, or misdeeds. This leads to a new values-based economy modelled on beneficial trade relationships. What types of person would make you a better person? A new social network is created that precisely maps all possible relationships. Loss of contiguous spaces creates new possibilities for fragmented, franchise model of atiguous space.
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guest cells Flexible, location-aware interventions that fulfill the notion for spectacle. Through a joint government/private investment system, all buildings designed after 2014 include a built-in system to immediately render punishment on a shifting, location aware manner. In an attempt to restore balance, each pod is a control system of the inverse of the transgression. Revolutionary actions lead to nationalist, government sponsored cells, while branding opportunities are created through lack of consumption.
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environmental flows In addition to the flows of information through the cell, there is also the conversion of human waste into energy and sustenance. Through urban farming, biogas-regenerators and a VCD-water regeneration system, each cell becomes completely sustainable and able to provide all necessary air, water and food requirements. It also generates a surplus of energy.of the transgression.
Surplus Energy is created. Each cell acts as a capacitor to feed energy back into the system.
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cell section Environmental Controls in place to create 100% enclosure for indefinite self-sustaining life.
Lettuce, wheatgrass and algae crops. Based on NASA energy to crop square footage ratios. Food Harvester Microturbine Generator electrical storage sheet
Biogas Digester
inorganic waste exhaust
genetically modified salt crystals pull water vapor from the atmosphere
reverse osmosis subsystem
micro-algae water filled enclosure genetically engineered algae that can reduce photosynthesis to produce hydrogen fuel instead of purely oxygen
double layer of inflatable EFT capsules
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economy of the gift / hack Interiors are precisely tuned to allow a limited choreography of physical movement. Outside agents, such as family gifts or hacks, can change the shape, thereby changing the range of motion. Thus affecting the wellbeing of the mind.
Bots shut down the signals coming from prisonerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s real senses and replace them with the signals that your brain would be receiving if they were really in the virtual environment.
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single applications Pod engaged in vertical application at the location of infraction. Sentence is inscribed in membrane skin.
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“At first I was frightened of the pods. But I have not thought any wrong thoughts, so I realize I have nothing to fear. My p-chip proves this. Now I am thankful to live in a powerful nation that can warn me of the constant dangers we are under.”
Zhang Wei, worker
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“I have been given a job by the state. I have a strong urge to scan for revolutionary thought. All my needs are taken care of.”
citizen 655321
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urban growth: waves Growth occurs radially - broken window theory - from chosen epicenters. Memory of their own transgression is wiped. Society becomes too complex for rehabilitation. Recidivism rates soar. Debts paid back in fines or labor are inconsequential in the face of immigrant labor and agalmic economic system. Debt is repaid by restoring balance. Prisoner must find others guilty of his crimes.
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Beijing Life-Cycle: Symbiotic leads to destruction, all exchanges based on exploitation
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2044_tipping point - buildings decay 2
After the karmic balance is reached, the prisonerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s memory is restored. The choice is then given to either return to the outside world or remain within the meta-space as a new citizen of a nation-state he himself helped create. To truly love the state, and remain under their care. The vast majority of prisoners chose to voluntarily remain within the pod. Post Tipping Point: Buildings are removed and guardless Panopticon is formed from memory/shape of former buildings. Colors indicate different crimes.
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unincorporated territories These are areas that exist in a pre-2014 state. The cell infrastructure was never built into the framework of new construction. Walled-off with the only option to expand vertically, they exist within their own reality, separate from the remnants of old Beijing.
Rules of Growth Starting points of crime ar chosen. Factors such as density, spread, size and number of waves are parametrically controlled. Some crimes have a tendency to mesh together with other crimes, while avoiding others. This leads to purple leapfrogging yellow wile interacting with read. The opportunity thus arises for new economic relationships between various infractionary karmic imbalances through mutual symbiosis.
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global panopticon The host decays and the cells self support each other. Different infractions occur within the space and include, military, clinics, schools and prisoners. The system is constantly in flux, as the individual pod shapes expand and contract with different assigned tasks occurring within.
Unoccupied built structures fall to rubble, memory is preserved in the void space. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Do you think it would be much better to have the prisoners operating the panoptic apparatus and sitting in the control tower, instead of the guards?â&#x20AC;? Foucault
SpeedTerritoryCommunication 2009
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system in constant flux New nations based on personality/crime/mental imbalance/school grade, etc; constantly strive for chaos tipping the system out of balance and creating new conditions. When two nations share physical proximity, they share resources; when enemies coexist they attempt to deny access to life-support systems.
starting position
siege
allies + enemies // resource sharing
hacked
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new systems of control To escape existing social and environmental constraints, volunteers began to sign up for the pods.
Environmental Controls can’t sustain life. Pod sucked back into building facade.
New Education System “I was so worried how I could afford school for my children. Thankfully Corrections & Education-PRC was able to provide access to a learning environment. I can see my child outside the window and know they’re safe.” Mei Li, government worker
“I am able to study with all the best masters, and even further outpace students in other enclaves. My mother was worried about paying for my education, now my learning generates enough electricity to power her pod!” student 33945
Rise of Clinics “The pressures of work and finances were too much...I needed to relax, to forget about my troubles. Thankfully Forgetinol was there. I feel even closer to my family now that I can monitor them ceaselessly.” patient 600435
Standing Army Disbanded in favor of fascistic personality groups.
SpeedTerritoryCommunication
2008/2009
fuDD
intro to digital fabrication
component systems
techniques of the ultrareal
adaptive formulation 1+2
meshing
architectural photography
search: processing
living architecture 1+2
visual studies
architectural photography
vs01
architectural photography
vs01
techniques of the ultrareal
vs02
search: advanced algorithmic design
boolean record; import processing.dxf.*; import ddf.minim.analysis.*; import ddf.minim.*; Waveform myWave1, myWave2; Minim minim; AudioPlayer groove1; AudioPlayer groove2; FFT fftLog1, fftLog2; PFont font; PFont fontoutline; int field_depth = 60; float x_spacing = 5; float y_spacing = 3; void setup(){ size(720,480,P3D); JPEG, MovieMaker.BEST ); noStroke(); minim = new Minim(this); groove1 = minim.loadFile(“groove_iggy.mp3”); groove2 = minim.loadFile(“groove_wagner.mp3”); groove1.loop();//repeat each song groove2.loop(); font = loadFont(“HelveticaNeueLT-Bold-18.vlw”); fontoutline = loadFont(“HelveticaNeueLT-Bold-18.vlw”); fftLog1 = new FFT(groove1.bufferSize(),groove1.sampleRate()); fftLog2 = new FFT(groove2.bufferSize(),groove2.sampleRate()); fftLog1.logAverages(22,5); //adjust numbers to adjust spacing fftLog2.logAverages(22,5); myWave1 = new Waveform(0,0,-30, fftLog1); myWave2 = new Waveform(0,0,-30, fftLog2); } void draw(){ if (record) { beginRaw(PDF, “output####.pdf”); } background(0); lights(); float camlen = 170; camera( sin(radians(frameCount*.25))*camlen, cos(radians(frameCount*.25))*camlen, camlen*0.00075, 0,0,0, 0,0,-1); if(frameCount % 2 ==0){ fftLog1.forward(groove1.mix); //play each song fftLog2.forward(groove2.mix); } myWave1.load(-1); myWave2.load(1);
for(int i = 0; i < fft.avgSize(); i++){ a = fft.avgSize()/2*-x_spacing+i*x_spacing; //adjust the x position of the waveform here b=0; c = z + fft.getAvg(i) * 1.6; field[i] = new PVector(a,b,c); } this.plot(mod);
//mm.addFrame(); if(frameCount%200 ==0){ println(frameCount); } if( frameCount > 1600 ){ //mm.finish(); exit(); } if (record) { endRaw(); record = false; } }
} void plot(float mod){ stroke(255); noFill(); for(int i=0; i < min(frameCount, field_depth); i++){ if(i==0){ strokeWeight(2); stroke(255); } else {strokeWeight(1); stroke(255,max(20,255-i*6)); }
void mousePressed() { record = true; } void stop() { groove1.close(); // always close Minim audio classes when you finish with them groove2.close(); minim.stop(); // always stop Minim before exiting super.stop(); } /!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------class Waveform{ float x,y,z; float a,b,c; PVector[] pts; PVector[] field; FFT fft; Waveform(float a, float b, float c, FFT d){ fft = d; field = new PVector[fft.avgSize() * field_depth]; for(int i=0;i<field.length; i++){ field[i] =new PVector(); } println(“field is “+field.length); x = a; y = b; z = c; }
beginShape(); int head = fft.avgSize()*i; for(int j=0; j < fft.avgSize(); j++){ curveVertex( field[ head + j].x, (field_depth/2-i)*y_spacing, field[ head + j].z*mod); } endShape(); } stroke(255,60); fill(255,0,0,250); // noStroke(); for(int i=0; i < min((frameCount-1), field_depth-1); i++){ int head = fft.avgSize()*i; for(int j=1; j < fft.avgSize()-2; j++){ int clr = ceil( max(0, min(255, (field[ head + j + fft.avgSize()].z)*4 ) ) ); fill(255-clr, 0,clr,150); beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP); vertex( field[ head + j].x, (field_depth/2-i)*y_spacing, field[ head + j].z*mod); vertex( field[ head + j + fft.avgSize()].x, (field_depth/2-i-1)*y_spacing, field[ head + j + fft.avgSize()].z *mod); vertex( field[ head + j + 1].x, (field_depth/2-i)*y_spacing, field[ head + j + 1].z *mod); vertex( field[ head + j + 1 + fft.avgSize()].x, (field_depth/2-i-1)*y_spacing, field[ head + j + 1 + fft.avgSize()].z*mod); endShape();
void load(float mod){ x = 100; int stack = (frameCount-1) % field_depth ; int head = stack * fft.avgSize(); avgSize()-1)); for(int i = min( field.length-1-fft.avgSize(), (frameCount-1)*fft.avgSize()-1); i >= 0; i--){ field[i+fft.avgSize()].set(field[i]); }
} } } }
vs03 Landscape generated in real-time while song (or two songs) plays, giving graphical comparison of multiple audio signals.
advanced fabrication: component systems
project team includes: Brad Englesman and James Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Meara
vs04
FuDD
vs05
Adaptive Formulations
Overlay Components: Components have own logic, but apertures and placement determined by base shape curvature.
Effects of changing number and placement of attractors.
Different relationships of extremum and surface area.
vs06 Parametric inputs of component attached to base surface.
Objectives - Divergent objectives with multiple variables
1. MAXIMIZE the extremum distance divided by the base surface area. PREDICTION: Surface will tilt toward a steep form to provide a large extremum distance with little surface deformation to keep surface area low. 2 MAXIMIZE the base surface area divided by the total volume of components PREDICTION: The goal calls for a small number of total volumes for components to raise the ratio. The component volume shrinks in two ways: 1) the surface flattens out and becomes smaller, or 2) it will achieve the max deflection to create the largest opening in the center, thereby reducing the overall volume.
Final Design map - unpredictable results created
Meshing
vs07
finding centroid of neighboring cells calculate environmental controls
final surfaces to bake
individual cells
starting points (16 total)
Living Architecture
An interactive light installation in the elevator of Avery Hall. The installation non-invasively attaches to the surface of the elevator via magnets. Allowing it to be placed on any metal surface, such as a building exterior, furniture, or a vehicle. Using their cellphones and Twitter, users can text their mood. The lights within the elevator respond to the mood of the user. For instance, if a student texted “happy #livarch” the space within the elevator would begin to slowly pulse with a greenish/blue hue. However, if another student sent “angry #livarch” the first light will quickly flash a bright red. There are twelve lights total and show the collective mood of the twelve most recent users. In this way, the elevator becomes a living representation of the collective mood of the building, but it is also hoped that a feedback loop can be created, a loop that actually influences the mood of those that ride the elevator. The emotion felt in the lobby will be altered by the time you reach the sixth floor. And that new emotion becomes what gets texted back to the elevator. Lastly, future installations will be physically located away from the target user. For instance, Avery’s mood will be projected to the elevator in Uris Hall and vice versa. In this manner, we can both create a new form of pen-pal with distant locations, but also hope that our mood, whether angry, sad, happy or nervous, will both manifest itself in a new form of architecture, but also have an effect on the greater world around us. project team includes: Guanghong Ou and Talya Jacobs
vs08 Possibility for Global Interaction arises
Local installation creates a relationship between Uris and Avery buildings.
Living Architecture
We initially set up the correlation between color and mood. However, we will adjust the controlling code post-operation based on feedback. For instance, if we believe slowly fading blue-green is tied to happiness, but after riding in a blue-green elevator, users keep texting they feel calm, we will adjust our assumptions regarding the mood-color associations of being ‘happy’ and ‘calm.’
{ HAPPY
RELAXED CALM
CURIOUS SAD
ENERGIZED STRESSED
{
ANGRY
vs08 Final working installation, May 13, 2009. User texting his feeling to the system while riding the elevator, he then controls the color and strobe/fading effects.