Analysis of Hydrologic Parameters using SWAT Model: A Case Study of Subbasin of Vishwamtri Watershed

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GRD Journals | Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Emerging Research and Innovations in Civil Engineering (ERICE - 2019) | February 2019

e-ISSN: 2455-5703

Analysis of Hydrologic Parameters using SWAT Model: A Case Study of Subbasin of Vishwamtri Watershed, Gujarat, India 1D.

P. Navadiya 2 Dr. T. M. V. Suryanarayana 1 P.G. Student 2Associate Professor 1,2 Department of Water Resources Engineering and Management Institute (WREMI) 1,2 The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Samiala-391410 Abstract Extraction of watershed parameters using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) and use of mathematical models is the current trend for hydrologic evaluation of watersheds. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) having an interface with QGIS is adopted in the present study for the determination of various outputs, viz. Surface runoff, Base flow, Percolation, Potential evapotranspiration and Sediment load in Vishwamitri river watershed in Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Various data types required as input for the study comprises of Digital Elevation Models (DEM), Landuse/Landcover maps, Soil maps and Climate data. The Stream considered lies between 22° 13' to 22° 21' of north latitude and 73° 12' to 73° 13' of east longitude. Providing require inputs, SWAT model was simulated for 2003 to 2014. Analysis reveals that maximum rainfall was obtained in 2005 and minimum rainfall is obtained in 2009. In 2005, it is found out that the Precipitation is maximum, and the corresponding surface runoff in sub-basins 3 and 5 are having highest values of 767.04mm and 747.87mm respectively. Similarly, baseflow in sub-basin 3 & 5 are having lowest values of 298.20mm and 316.40mm respectively. The percolation in sub-basin 3 & 5 are also having the lowest values of 363.10mm and 381.70mm respectively. The Surface runoff, Base flow and Percolation were found out to be around 48%, 20% and 32% of the precipitation occurred in 2005, while amongst the average precipitation of the total period considered, the Surface runoff, Base flow and percolation are found out to be around 38%, 18% and 24% respectively. Keyword- QGIS, QSWAT, Surface Runoff, Base Flow, Percolation, PET, Sediment Load __________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION A watershed is a catchment basin that is bound with topographic features. The total amount of water that falls as rains within a catchment area will either flow as surface runoff in the river which drains the basin or sinks into the ground to become ground water. There are numbers of hydrological model applied for watershed evolution. Large numbers of parameters are involved in hydrological model that are used for surface runoff, base flow, subsurface runoff, evapotranspiration and lateral flow etc. Remotely sensed data provides valuable and real-time spatial information on natural resources and physical parameter. GIS is an effective tool in watershed modeling as remote sensing derived information can be well integrated with the conventional database for estimating runoff which can help in planning suitable soil and water conservation measures. Use of mathematical models for hydrologic evolution of watershed is the current trend along with extraction of watershed parameters using remote sensing and Geographical Information System. The current study was undertaken on the application of the SWAT model which integrates the GIS information with attribute database to estimate the various parameters. SWAT (Soil and water assessment tool Arnold 1998) has proven very successive application in water assessment of hydrology.This model is physical based and offers continuous time stimulation.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Study Area The study area Vishwamitri River is located between 22° 00” and 22°45” of North Latitude and 73°00” and 73°45” of East Longitude in Panch Mahals, Vadodara and Bharuch districts, in Gujarat State, India. The watershed has dendrite drainage pattern. The total geographical area of the watershed is 1134.15 km2. The topography of the area is generally flat to gently sloping, with the elevation ranges from 795 m to 16 m above mean sea level. The average weighted annual rainfall is 1068.54 mm, maximum wighted annual rainfall is 1554 mm and minimum weighted annual rainfall is 476mm. Fig. 1 shows the location of the study area named Vishwamitri River watershed.

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