GRD Journals | Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Emerging Research and Innovations in Civil Engineering (ERICE - 2019) | February 2019
e-ISSN: 2455-5703
Development of NDVI And LULC Map of Surat District using GIS and Remote Sensing 1Sahita 1
Waikhom 2V. G. Yadav 3Bhumika Kakadiya Associate Professor 2Assistant Professor 3PG Student 1,2,3 Department of Civil Engineering 1,2,3 GEC, Surat, Gujarat, India Abstract
Land Use and Land Cover (LU-LC) are vital information required for various planning activities. Infrastructural planning, water resources management, agriculture planning, etc. are important applications of LU-LC information. In today’s fast changing face of earth surface due to natural and man-made activities, keeping the LU-LC information updated manually on real time basis is a herculean task. Remote sensing and GIS is very useful technique for acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object. The integration of remote sensing with reliable information is most dependable solution in the current scenario. In this study an attempt is made to map NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and LULC for Surat, Gujarat. Satellite imagery of 2nd February 2018 by LANDSAT 8 is used with Arc GIS software of (ESRI) for the purpose of present study. Keyword- NDVI, LULC, Remote Sensing, GIS, LANDSAT __________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION The Normalised Difference Vegetation (NDVI) Index is one of various mathematical groupings of satellite bands, which have been found to be subtle indicators of the presence and condition of green vegetation. It is based on the reflectance properties of vegetation in comparison with water, snow and clouds on the one hand and rocks and bare soil on the other hand. Vegetated areas have high reflectance in the near infrared and low reflectance in the visible red. Water, snow and clouds have larger visual than near-infrared reflectance and bare soil and rocks have like reflectance in both spectral regions. As a consequence, green vegetation yields high values for the index, water has negative values and bare soil gives indices around 0. Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) refers to data that is a result of classifying raw satellite data into "land use and land cover" (LULC) categories based on the return value of the satellite image. There are not many LULC datasets because a) satellite data acquisition is usually very expensive, and b) the classification procedure is very labour intensive. Most LULC data products are released several years after the satellite images were taken and thus out of date to a certain extent when they are released. Nonetheless, LULC provides a very appreciated method for determining the extents of various land uses and cover types, such as urban, forested, shrub land, agriculture, etc. Surat district of Gujarat is selected as study area because it has considerable increment in urban zone. There was 65% urban population in 2001 and 80% urban population in 2011 (according to 2011 census). So LU-LC and NDVI map is important for planning of infrastructure in urban area and agriculture in non-urban areas. Objective of this study is to find Normalized Differential Vegetative Indices to measure the vegetative cover and to develop land use/land cover map of 2018 for the study area.
II. STUDY AREA AND DATA COLLECTION A. Study Area Surat is a district in the state of Gujarat India, surrounded by Narmada (North), Bharuch, Navsari (South) districts and east Tapi district and the Gulf of Cambay (Figure 1). There are total 10 talukas in Surat district and it is the second-most developed district in Gujarat. Surat had a population of 6,079,200 of which 80% were urban as per 2011 Census. 1) Topography Surat district lies between the latitude of 21.1702° N and longitude of 72.8311° E and has a total area of 4,418 sq. Km. The population density of Surat District was 14,000 per sq.km at the 2011 Census 2) Temperature and Rainfall The summers are quite hot with temperatures ranging from 37.9°C to 44.4°C. The climate is pleasant during the monsoon while autumn is temperate. The winters are not very cold but the temperatures in January range from 10°C to 15.5°C.
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