GRD Journals- Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 11 | October 2017 ISSN: 2455-5703
Monitoring of SPM, SO2, NO2, and AIR Quality Index in Selected Areas of Davangere City during Summer Season Punith Y N PG Student Department of Civil Engineering University B.D.T College of Engineering, Davangere Karnataka
D. P. Nagarajappa Professor Department of Civil Engineering University B.D.T College of Engineering, Davangere Karnataka
Abstract The main aim of this project is to check the ambient air quality in Davangere city and to determine AQI in the Resedencial, Commercial, Industrial and Sensitive areas of the 13 selected locations of the Davangere city during summer season. It has been observed that concentration of suspended particulate matter is more in these stations like PB road Aruna theatre, Old bus stand, Gandhi circle, Pooja international hotel, UBDT college and Bapuji Hospital were exceeds the standard limit of National Ambient Air Quality standards(NAAQS). The concentration of Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide is within the NAAQS limit in all the stations. But Air Quality Index (AQI) values of the PB road old bus stand, Gandhi circle, Pooja international hotel, and Bapuji hospital stations were severely polluted and it is very unhealthy for the public and causes some various health problems. Keywords- Air Quality, Suspended Particulate Matter, SO2, NO2, NAAQS, AQI
I. INTRODUCTION Air pollution is one of the major and serious problems in all over the world. Air gets polluted mainly by artificial and natural sources. Polluted air contains gases, dust, fumes and other harmful materials present in it. Air pollution problems is higher in these days when compare to last 50 years back. Due to increasing and fast growing of Industrialization, urbanization and increasing transport vehicles day by day etc. These are the main reason for causing air pollution. Air pollutants will be joined to the atmosphere from different types of sources that changes the atmosphere composition and also impacts on the biotic environment. Pollutants which are present in the atmosphere emerging from two important sources are natural and human sources. Human anthropogenic activities such as burning of motor vehicles, burning of fossil fuels and Industrial process like smoke came from the chimney are the major creator of the air pollutants. Natural sources are volcanic eruption, forest fires, wind erosion, pollen dispersal etc. These are all directly affects the air quality as well as human health, animal and plant life. Monitoring of ambient air quality network depends on the selection of pollutants, selection of locations, sampling duration, sampling techniques, man power operation and maintenance cost. It determines the measurement of air pollutants at certain locations. The common pollutants which are observed in the urban area mainly are sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia, suspended particulate matter, Respirable suspended particulate matter etc.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY A. Study Area Davangere city is situated at western part of South India and it is located about 260km from the capital city of Karnataka Bengaluru. It is positioned at the geographical center of the Karnataka state towards 14̊ 28’00” N and 75̊ 55’ 27” E. It is a calm and quite city in southern India attracted by many people due to industries, cotton business and domain important thing is due to availability of large fertile land. Davangere city is the district headquarters. As per the 2011 census, the city of population was 4, 35,128. Due to the Rapid development in urban areas causes pollution and also sudden increase in the industries and automobiles in the city has drastically increased the level of air contaminants. Many industrial belts have been located in and around Davangere city. Major industries like cotton industries, sugar industries, polyfiber, rice mills and distilleries etc. and many other medium and small scale industries are located in surrounding places. The health effect caused by air pollution includes wheezing, coughing, difficulty in breathing and causes cardiac and respiratory related problems.
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