Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area

GRD Journals- Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Volume 4 | Issue 5 | April 2019 ISSN: 2455-5703

Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area Sikander Hans Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala147004, Punjab, India

Ranjan Walia Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala147004, Punjab, India

Abstract Maximum power point tracking following (MPPT) is by and large being utilized in sunlight based photovoltaic (PV) control age frameworks to augment sun-based vitality extraction. In this paper, it is proposed to work the solar-PV framework at the imperfect MPPT to oversee control balance in a remote area control supply (RAPS) framework. This is performed dependent on three diverse working modes one is Frequency control mode, second is Active power control mode and the third one is MPPT control mode.

The working modes are chosen dependent on the heap level, and the working method of the diesel generator (for example synchronous condenser mode or generator mode) This power the executive's methodology adjusts the age and load request that requires progress between the three working modes without utilizing the fake load. The proposed strategy is capable of extending the diesel generator lifetime and improves the operating efficiency of the diesel generator. Re-enactment thinks about are done to approve the adequacy of the imperfect MPPT control methodology in a PV-Diesel RAPS framework and have demonstrated that the proposed technique can flawlessly keep up the power balance in the RAPS framework while keeping up the voltage and recurrence inside stipulated cut-off points. Substantial cost savings can also be achieved in the long run due to the lifetime extension and efficiency improvement of the diesel generator.

Keywords- Photovoltaic Cell, the Boost Converter, MPPT, Inverter and Battery, Solar Energy

I. INTRODUCTION In today's scenario, solar energy being a sustainable and clean energy resource is the most significant source of non-conventional energy source available at low minimal cost on this plant. Due to depleting conventional energy resources, harvesting energy using renewable sources has been in the primary concern of the research society and also the need of the hour[1]. There are plentiful sources of renewable energy harvesting, and solar energy is one of those sources which is available in abundance and is simple, portable and reliable to a certain extent [2].

The Solar Photovoltaic module works on Photo-Voltaic principle generating Direct Current (DC) electricity when sunlight is incident on its surface. The PV module uses silicon cells connected in series to generate the rated voltage and current. The module has an outer anodised aluminium frame which holds the front toughened glass, silicon cells inside and a back sheet for protection. The electrical termination from the module is through cables with connectors or a junction [3]. The frame also has bolts as a provision to position the module above the roof with the help of the module mounting structure.

Electrification of remote/separated zones (where grid availability is beyond the realm of imagination) might be conceivable by outfitting the sustainable power sources displayed specifically territories [4]. Among these renewable energy sources, solar and hydro energy sources are additionally encouraging for power age. The hydro and PV system is gaining the momentum of researchers for electrification in remote/rural areas [5].

Either standalone hydro system or PV system is not sufficient to fulfil the power requirement throughout the year.

Therefore, forgetting the optimal results by combining the advantages of hydro and solar energy sources, PV/hydro hybrid system has been analysed and also installed [6].

The topographical and climatic condition influences the execution of the hybrid framework. In this way, a reinforcement is fundamental for the situation when one of the vitality sources isn't accessible, or the power produced by the hybrid framework isn't equipped for satisfying the power request [7]. To guarantee the consistent power supply and to deal with the discontinuous idea of vitality frameworks, diesel generator can be incorporated to conquer the issue. Economic analysis and cost optimisation of such a system have been done to ensure the existence of the system. The additions of diesel generator are advantageous over the simple renewable energy system but also have some significant problems such as diesel generator needs fossil fuel and surplus energy during the excellent season cannot be stored and provides short-term storage [8]. To beat these issues, as of late, the hydrogen stockpiling framework is replacing diesel generator and such power creating frameworks have been structured and produced for provincial and waterfront private applications. It tends to be presumed that the hydrogen-based framework can turn

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Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area (GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

into an ideal framework without help from the grid framework and bring advantage from the specialized and financial perspective and is additionally reasonable to be connected in the country and beach front private application [9].

Solar energy is brilliant light and warmth from the Sun that is outfit utilizing a scope of regularly developing advancements such as solar heating, photovoltaic, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. It is a basic wellspring of renewable energy and its advancements are extensively portrayed as either passive solar or active solar relying upon how they catch and convey solar energy or convert it into solar power [10]. Dynamic solar methods incorporate the utilization of photovoltaic frameworks, concentrated solar power and solar water warming to saddle the vitality.

Remote area control supply (RAPS) frameworks work autonomously from substantial business control frameworks, and it is a perfect alternative for electrically "separated" areas where association with the utility grid is expensive or actually tricky.

Diesel has been utilized as the overwhelming vitality asset in numerous new RAPS frameworks [11]. The diesel motor generator (DEG) has the benefit of high dependability, yet natural and monetary variables restrict its proceeding with development. Diesel cost is expanding, and it puts an overwhelming weight on power buyers. Furthermore, ozone-harming substance outflow and air pollution brought about by diesel ignition unfavorably influence the earth. Another imperative is its poor effectiveness under low load condition. As a rule, the load in a RAPS framework vacillates as often as possible and may result in insufficient load factor [12]. The DEGs in diesel-just RAPS frameworks are generally more significant than average to satisfy the peak need, and working proficiency can be low amid the off-peak time frame. In this manner, the use of sustainable power source assets in RAPS frameworks has increased deep consideration [13] The development in power electronics and material science has helped engineers to come up tiny but powerful systems to withstand the high-power demand [14]. However, the disadvantage of these systems is the increased power density. The trend has set in for the use of multi-input converter units that can adequately handle the voltage fluctuations. However, because of high creation cost and the low efficiency of these frameworks they can barely contend in the focused markets as a prime power generation source.

The steady increment in the advancement of the solar cells fabricating innovation would make the utilization of these advances conceivable on a more extensive premise than what the situation is 3 Presently. The utilization of the most up to date power control instruments called the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) calculations has prompted the expansion in the efficiency of activity of the solar modules and subsequently is helpful in the field of use of renewable wellsprings of energy [15].

II. RELATED WORK Some of the recent workings related to the research paper are described below, The point of solar energy use has been viewed by numerous researchers all around the world. It has been realized that solar cell works at exceptionally low efficiency and in this manner, a superior control system is required to build the efficiency of the solar cell. In this field, researchers have created what is currently called the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm [16].

Fathabadi H. has given the idea about the novel PV based battery charger including novel high-efficiency step-up DC/DC converter, A PV panel together with a combination of the circuit that provides an appropriate voltage/current for charging rechargeable batteries is called PV battery charger [17]. In combination with the inverter connected to the battery which will result in providing the supply when there is a need or the main supply is switched off automatically.

Deng Y et al. discuss the lack of change in the pattern for energy usage and consistently expanding of the oil value. Also examining the sustainable and efficient power vitality sources, particularly the sun-based power and the energy components which turn out to be the increasingly crucial source. The most effective method to accomplish high-efficiency DC/DC converters is the real thought in the sustainable framework associated with controlling several applications because of the low voltage of PV modules which is needed to be converted into a high voltage for the cause [18].

Gu B et al. outline a non-isolated, high-efficiency DC-DC converter with some applications for a low-voltage sustainable power source, i.e. PV module. The proposed converter uses a transformer to exchange the inductive and capacitive voltage while accomplishing a high efficiency with a little measured attractive part. Because of consolidating the full activity mode into the customary high efficiency, the loss of the specified switch is decreased, expanding the efficiency of a DC/DC converter under all conditions [19].

Da Silva ES et al. presents an enhanced regenerative delicate turn-on and turn-off snubber connected to a lift PWM converter. The soft-single-switched type boost converter has a switch of the single type which is used to operate for soft switching in PWM without any high voltage and current stresses. This is accomplished by utilising an assistant inductor, which is attractively combined with the principle inductor of the converter [20].

Li Q & Wolfs P talks about the yearly photovoltaic (PV) module creation is developing at a high increase rate and has achieved an approximate 8 of 1727 MW in 2005. Building coordinated PV (BIPV) ventures have developed the most grounded piece for the PV market, and intuitive network inverters serve as a critical part for deciding an aggregate framework revenue.

Module incorporated converter (MIC) innovation had been turned into a worldwide pattern in lattice intuitive for PV applications and might help in driving down the equalisation for framework expenses in anchoring of enhanced aggregate framework cost [21].

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Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area (GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

III. MODELLING OF PHOTOVOLTAICS CELL A sunlight based cell is the building square of a sun-oriented board. A photovoltaic module is a frame by associating numerous sun based cells in arrangement and parallel. Considering only a single solar cell; it can be modelled by utilising a current source, a diode and two resistors [22]. This model is known as a solitary diode model of the solar cell. Two diode models are likewise accessible. However, just a single diode model is considered here

Fig. 1: Single diode model of a solar cell

The characteristic equation for a photovoltaic cell is given by [5], [6] and [4].

IV. BOOST CONVERTER The dc-dc boost converter is mostly used nowadays for many industrial applications, which a variable dc supply needed [23]. In solar application dc-dc boost converter use for boosting the output voltage of solar panel for varying in the input side resistance of solar panel compared with the load side resistance by changing the duty cycle a boost converter [24]. A boost converter is used for this work, and it misses out the maximum tracking point, our system either for trying to other application such as water pumping system which operates on 230 V, so we use a boost converter [25].

Fig. 2: Power Circuit of Boost Converter

Mode, 1-The operating condition of the boost converter, depends on the duty cycle of the switching frequency if the switch is closed (ON), a battery provides the charging current to the inductor and inductor is fully charged. There is no current flowing through the diode cause of capacitor polarity, and so that load current remains constant which is being supplied due to the discharging of the capacitor. Mode 2- In the operation of the second mode the switch is disconnecting (off), the diode becomes forward bias. The capacitor will be charge through the energy released by the inductor. The load current remains constant in the operation of the boost converter [26].

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Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area (GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

V. MODELLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM In this section, the architecture of a photovoltaic system is shown in Fig.3. A single stage inverter and boost converter utilizing demonstrating. The board yield is a given to the boost converter in the wake of boosting the voltage is associated with rearranging and after that supply to stack in this MPPT calculation exchanging beat created and given to the boost converter for shifting the duty cycle of the boost converter [27]. The interfacing with renewable energy sources is additionally workable for various solar boards can be feed to the inverter as a dc source [28]. The power originating from battery reinforcement is a given to inverter through a bi-directional dc-dc converter; the controlled stream of electrical power in either bearing is conceivable by the differing duty cycle.

Fig. 3: Block Diagram of MPPT Techniques based Photovoltaic System

VI. SIMULATION MODEL AND RESULTS A. Output Waveform of PV Array The I-V and PV curves for varying insolation but at a fixed temperature are shown below in Figure 6.1 & 6.2. The characteristic I-V curve tells that there are two regions in the curve: one is the current source region and another is the voltage source region. In the voltage source region (in the right side of the curve), the internal impedance is low and in the current source region (in the left side of the curve), the impedance is high. Irradiance temperature plays a vital role in predicting the I-V characteristic, and while designing the PV system, the effect of both the factors have to be considered.

Fig. 6.1: I-V Curve of PV array at different insulation but at the fixed temperature

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Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area (GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

Fig. 6.2: P-V Curve of PV array at different insulation but at the fixed temperature

From Fig. 6.1, we observed that by increasing the solar radiation at a constant temperature the voltage and current output from PV array also increases. Hence at higher insulation, we can get our required level voltage. From Fig. 6.2, we observed that by increasing the solar insulation, the net output power from PV array also increases.

B. Proposed Model in MATLAB SIMULINK

Fig. 6.3: Proposed system model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

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Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area (GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

Fig. 6.4: Controller of the proposed system in MATLAB/SIMULINK

C. Waveform of Proposed Model The simulation starts with 1000 W/m2 radiation and temperature of 25oC. At time 0.5-sec radiation is changed to 500 W/m2 and again at time 1 sec changed to 1000 W/m2. Fig.6.5 shows the PV side performance with varying radiation. It is observed that the MPPT algorithm can track the MPP voltage and power at respective radiation.

(a)

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Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area (GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

(b) Fig. 6.5: (a) PV Side performance (b) Zoomed view

Fig.6.6 shows the load side performance with varying radiation. It is observed from the figure that load voltage is changed with the variation of radiation to consume the maximum available power at different radiation. Three step change of duty in zoomed view justify the MPPT controller performance.

(a)

(b) Fig. 6.6: (a) Load side performance (b) Zoomed view

VII. CONCLUSION P-V, I-V curves are obtained from the simulation of the PV array designed at completely different irradiation levels and temperatures. The proposed system has been designed in MATLAB SIMULINK. Be that as it may, the execution of the photovoltaic framework relies upon the ghastly appropriation of solar radiation. Thus, Boost converter is utilized to enhance the PV yield control, and MPPT techniques are used to build PV framework proficiency. There are different sorts of MPPT strategies.

The Modified awry factor step Incremental Conductance technique is progressively effective in contrast with all other MPPT

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Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area (GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

strategies since board terminal voltage is changed by its esteem in respect to the MPP voltage and offers great execution under rapidly changing air conditions. Therefore, it was seen that by using the Incremental Conductance MPPT technique efficiency of the photovoltaic system is increased.

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