GRD Journals- Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Volume 5 | Issue 1 | December 2019 ISSN: 2455-5703
Wind Charged Electric Vehicle Saliya Nikhilkumar Mukeshbhai Department of Automobile Engineering Ipcowala Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dharmaj
Mohitkumar Patel Department of Automobile Engineering Ipcowala Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dharmaj
Abstract Vehicle and travelling have become an important factor in today’s life. As travelling have become important and necessary there is a need of economical and reliable mode of travelling. Electric car are economical but aren’t reliable because of batteries getting discharged after travelling few kilometers. Due to this electric car don’t travel for long distance and aren’t reliable. To overcome this problem and betterment of upcoming technologies, we try to bring in the solution to this problem. We provide a solution which can help electric cars to travel for long distance in a single charge. The major advantage of our project is that it is time saving, cost saving and helpful for long distance travelling with respect to electric cars. Keywords- Automobile, Electric Cars, Wind Energy, Stepper Motor, Wind Turbine System
I. INTRODUCTION The electric cars are the one of the best alternative against petroleum cars. The electric car are non-polluting, less noisy, running cost is low and smooth in functioning. The demand for electric car is rising. But one of the major problems with electric car is that they run low of batteries when taken for long route. The electric car can’t go for long distance because the battery gets discharged and need to be charged again which is time consuming process. We try to bring in the solution for the problem of batteries getting discharged when taken for long route by making a system which can charge the batteries while the car is travelling. Doing this can help in many ways one of which is the electric car can go for a long distance in a single charge and second, time can be saved which is wasted while the batteries are being charged. The batteries of electric vehicle get discharged after the vehicle runs for few kilometers. To run the vehicle the batteries need to be continuously charged while the vehicle is moving. This can be done by mounting a charging system on the vehicle while the vehicle is moving. In wind charged electric vehicle we mount a wind turbine system to charge the batteries of the electric vehicle. The turbine rotates when the vehicle starts to move generating electricity which charges the vehicle's batteries. This concept is new and very less popular among the people due to insufficient energy production. But with few knowledge and technology this concept is possible and can be used to charge the batteries of the vehicle.
II. CONCEPT OF THE CAR The concept behind such car is very simple. The normal electric car if mounted with a wind energy generation system will relate to our topic. The normal electric car batteries are charged using plug in system. While this car can use the wind passing through it while its moving or either parked to charge the electric batteries. The turbine will be mounted on the car which will rotate when wind strikes to it. This turbine shaft will be connected to a generator or alternator. At some moderate speed the generator will produce current. This current will be stored in the batteries and will be used by the motor to rotate the wheels of the electric car.
III. COMPONENTS OF WIND POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE A. Turbine A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. As we are going to use wind as the fluid flow to rotate the turbine we will use wind turbine for our car. The turbine we are using is vertical axis drum type turbine. This turbine has many vertical curved fins on it. The wind strikes on fins and rotates the turbine. Four turbines are used to generate enough power to charge the batteries. Each turbine have a stepper motor which converts the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical. The stepper motors are connected in series.
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Fig. 1: Top view of Turbine
Fig. 2: Side view of Turbine
B. Stepper Motor A stepper motor or step motor or stepping motor is a brushless DC electric motor that divides a full rotation into a number of equal steps. The motor's position can then be commanded to move and hold at one of these steps without any feedback sensor (an openloop controller), as long as the motor is carefully sized to the application in respect to torque and speed.
Fig. 3: Stepper motor
C. Batteries Batteries are the storage unit of electricity. They play a very important role in electric car. They store the required electricity for running of car. The mostly used batteries for electric car are lead-acid battery and lithium-ion batteries. The lead-acid batteries are cheap in cost but their efficiency is less while the lithium-ion battery is costly but is very efficient. We used four VRLA batteries each of 12V 26Ah. We connected these batteries in series to give 48V 26Ah. The batteries is connected to the hub motor which powers the vehicle.
Fig. 4: Batteries D. Hub Motor Slick and discreet, the hub motor is steadily emerging as the standard drive method for not just ebikes, but scooters, solar cars, and many other light electric vehicles. With a hub motor conversion, there is no need for external mounting brackets and drive chains to support a motor and transmission. Instead all of this is contained inside the wheel which mounts on your bike like any other
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wheel. There are two basic categories of hub motors: direct drive and geared. We have used BLDC direct drive hub motor to power our vehicle. The hub motor is used in the front wheel so the vehicle is front wheel drive.
Fig. 5: Hub Motor
E. Controller The controller is used to control the amount of current to be given to the hub motor. The speed is controlled from the controller. The current from the batteries go to the controller and the controller adjusts the amount of voltage to be given to the hub motor for its operation.
Fig. 6: Controller with Connection to Hub Motor
F. Diffuser Diffuser is the objects which concentrate the wind energy to the fins of the turbine. We used two diffusers to concentrate the air on the turbines. The diffusers are simple in construction. They are made of thin metal sheet which curve in shape.
Fig. 7: Turbines with Diffuser
G. Connection of Turbines Four turbine are connected in series to produce enough power to charge the batteries of the vehicle. The turbines are mounted next to each other in single line at the back of the vehicle. The turbines are mounted rigidly on vehicle with help of three vertical bars so that the turbine don’t shake at high speed and disturb the rotation of the turbines.
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Fig. 8: Series Connection of Turbines
H. Complete Vehicle
Fig. 9: Complete Assembly
Fig. 10: Power v/s Wind Speed Graph
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IV. CONCLUSION In this project after reading different paper, patents and material related to the subject have been carefully understood. After reading a lot about the subject related to electric car, wind energy, need of vehicle in future and pollution due to the use of present vehicles we conclude that there is need of a vehicle which we are working on i.e. Wind Charged Electric Car which is:1) Eco-friendly: -the car uses electricity having zero pollution and doesn’t harm the environment in any terms. This will help in reducing the pollution caused by the vehicles and eventually reduce the global warming. 2) Less noisy: - there is no noise in operation of this vehicle which is very helpful in reducing noise pollution due to vehicles. 3) Ease in driving: - compared to today’s vehicle the operation of this vehicle is very easy. This is because there is no clutch operation, there is only acceleration and braking so the driving becomes easy. 4) On board charging: - this is the biggest advantage of this car and this is the main reason for working on this project. On board charging facility will help in charging the batteries of the car while the car is running. Due to this the car can go for a long distance journey in a single home charge. 5) Low maintenance: - being an electric vehicle there is very little requirement of maintenance unlike gasoline vehicles which require time to time maintenance. This reduces the running cost of the vehicle and results in low cost vehicle compared to gasoline vehicle. The electric power produce by the turbine are directly proportional to the speed of the. That is as the speed of the car increases the voltage production also increases hence the speed of the car is essential part of wind charged electric vehicle. We made the cars which have positive results and with better engineering and technology this vehicle is possible in future.
REFERENCES Research Paper & Patent [1] [2] [3] [4]
Electric vehicle with charging facility in motion using wind energy, Walid Bin Khaled ,Benozir Ahmed , Sayedus Salehin , Enaiyat Ghani Ovy, World Renewable Energy Congress 2011- sweden. Wind Turbine Driven Generator to Recharge Batteries in Electric Vehicles, Christian Stoeckert Wind Energy Fan-Turbine Generator for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Michael Orlando Collier Wind Energy, Roger Kemp and Michael Sterling
Websites [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
http://www.wind-power-program.com/betz.htm http://www.motherearthnews.com/renewable-energy/vertical-axis-wind-turbines http://www.windpowerengineering.com https://www.circuitspecialists.com/stepper-motor http://www.learnengineering.org/2014/10/Brushless-DC-motor.html
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