GRD Journals- Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Volume 5 | Issue 2 | January 2020 ISSN: 2455-5703
Tribological Performance of High Carbon Steel Blades of Hand Hacksaw under Dry and Wet Condition at Different Loads Mohd Saad Saleem Department of Mechanical Engineering Integral University, Lucknow, India
Mohd Shadab Khan Department of Mechanical Engineering Integral University, Lucknow, India
Saimah Khan Department of Applied Sciences Integral University, Lucknow, India
Md Shakibul Haque Department of Mechanical Engineering Integral University, Lucknow, India
Abstract In this present study, the tribological performance of High Carbon Steel blades of Hand Hacksaw is analyzed through the calculation of abrasive wear at different loads in the High Carbon Steel blades of Hand Hacksaw. The Wear and change in Height of Teeth is calculated for the number of blades of High Carbon Steel at different Loads i.e. 5N,10N,15N and 20N with the help of the experimental Setup prepared. The wear and change in height of teeth of blades is calculated through Mass Loss and Profile Projector respectively before and after cutting the given specimen of Mild steel. Similarly, the wear and change in height of teeth of blades is calculated for similar samples of blades using the lubricant 20W40. The result indicates that the wear in the blades increases with the increase in load and decrement in height of the teeth also increases with increase in Load. On comparison of results obtained from dry condition and wet condition, it can be concluded that while using lubricant the wear reduces in blades and there is less reduction in height of teeth of blades, thus blade life increases. Keywords- Abrasive Wear, Blades, Mass Loss, Profile Projector, Weighing Balance, Lubricant 20W40
I. INTRODUCTION Abrasive wear occurs when a hard rough surface slides across a softer surface [1]. ASTM International (formerly American Society for Testing and Materials) defines it as the loss of material due to hard particles or hard protuberances that are forced against and move along a solid surface. Standard Terminology Relating to Wear 1987 [9]. Abrasive wear is commonly classified according to the type of contact and the contact environment. The type of contact determines the mode of abrasive wear. The two modes of abrasive wear are known as two-body and three-body abrasive wear. Two-body wear occurs when the grits or hard particles remove material from the opposite surface. The common analogy is that of material being removed or displaced by a cutting or plowing operation. Three-body wear occurs when the particles are not constrained, and are free to roll and slide down a surface. The contact environment determines whether the wear is classified as open or closed. An open contact environment occurs when the surfaces are sufficiently displaced to be independent of one another ASM Handbook Committee 2002 [10].
Fig. 1: Blade of Hand Hacksaw
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Tribological Performance of High Carbon Steel Blades of Hand Hacksaw under Dry and Wet Condition at Different Loads (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 2 / 002)
Hand hacksaw is a fine-tooth saw with a blade under tension attached in a frame, used for cutting materials. Hand hacksaws consist of a metal frame with a handle, and pins for attaching a blade. A screw or other mechanism is used to put the thin blade under tension. Hacksaw cutting is conventional machining process which works on the principle of metal cutting. Harder material which is tooth of the blades cuts the relatively softer material. The saw or saw blade is the one of the most important component of a sawing machine. Saws are characterized by their material, tooth form, teeth set, tooth spacing and size. The geometry of the teeth is singular to that of the single point tools. Undercut tooth form is better from design point of view, because the cutting edges are backed up by more metal. It is very difficult to have this tooth form if teeth are very small in size. For the maximum efficiency for cutting process, hacksaw blade is fixed at 30˚ inclined to the work piece. Here, due to relative motion between work piece and hacksaw blade, heat is generated which is not desirable because it leads to more wear of blade tooth and teeth height as we as will change the properties of final product. In view of the above description, an attempt has been made in this study to determine the abrasive wear and teeth in the blade of hand hacksaw at different loads for a certain duration of time. A. Experimental Details In order to carry out the experimental work, the procedure is as follows – Fabrication of setup. – Materials and Preparation. – Wear characterization. – Comparison of wear characteristic using a Lubricant 20W40. B. Material and Method – –
1) Materials Blades: - High Carbon Steel Specimen to be cut: - Mild Steel
2) Dimensions of specimen Well prepared Mild Steel flat of Dimensions – Length = 60 mm – Breadth = 40 mm – Thickness= 6 mm – Cutting Time =2 Minutes. 3) Apparatus Used Setup prepared, Files, Try Square, Weighing Balance, cotton cloth, Steel Rule. Setup prepared, Files, Try Square, Weighing Balance, cotton cloth, Steel Rule.
Fig. 2: Experimental Set Up
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Tribological Performance of High Carbon Steel Blades of Hand Hacksaw under Dry and Wet Condition at Different Loads (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 2 / 002)
Fig. 3: Measurement of height of the teeth of blade from Profile Projector
II. TEST PROCEDURE The test stated for each specimen of the selected blades of High Carbon Steel while cutting the mild steel .Before each test the weight of the specimen blade was taken carefully using an Electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.001g and the average height of teeth was measured using profile projector. The maximum weighing capacity of this electronic balance was 320g. After cutting time of 02 minutes, the sample blade was taken out carefully from the set-up. The debris’s were removed from the valleys of the specimen with help of cotton cloth so that the exact wear of materials can be measured. Once again weight of the blade test specimen was taken carefully using the above electronic balance and the difference in weight was noted. Similarly, average teeth height was also taken after cutting from profile Projector and difference in height was measured. This was continued for 25 times with different at 5 N applied load and wear test was conducted using same procedure as discussed above and so on at different loads. The cumulative effect of weight loss was taken for calculating the wear mass and change in height of teeth of blades. – Applied load: 5N,10N, 15N and 20N – Cutting Time: 2 Minutes Same above process was carried out using lubricant 20W40. And the wear and change in height was compared for dry and wet condition
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION From the above experiment we obtained different data regarding the amount of wear in the blade of hand hacksaw at different loads. – And it shows that wear in the blades increases with increase in load on hand hacksaw. – While checking from profile projector we find that the decrement in height of the teeth of the blades also increase with increase in load. – Using a cutting fluid 20W40 the above similar result was encountered. – Through comparison of Dry and Wet wear in Fig 8 and Fig 9 ,we obtained that for similar conditions and Load there is difference in wears in blade and there is less decrement in teeth of blades.
Fig. 4: Dry Wear in the HCS Blades of Hand Hacksaw at different Loads
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Tribological Performance of High Carbon Steel Blades of Hand Hacksaw under Dry and Wet Condition at Different Loads (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 2 / 002)
Fig. 5: Change in Height in the HCS Blades of Hand Hacksaw at different Loads under dry conditions
Fig. 6: Wet Wear in the HCS Blades of Hand Hacksaw at different Loads
Fig. 7: Change in Height in the HCS Blades of Hand Hacksaw at different Loads under dry conditions
Fig. 8: Comparison of Dry and Wet Wear at Different Loads
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Tribological Performance of High Carbon Steel Blades of Hand Hacksaw under Dry and Wet Condition at Different Loads (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 2 / 002)
Fig. 9: Comparison of change in Height of blades under Dry and Wet conditions at Different Loads
IV. CONCLUSIONS The result indicates that the wear in the blades increases with the increase in load and reduction in height of the teeth also increases with increase in Load. Thus it confirms our effort of preparing a set up to calculate the load applied in cutting through hand hacksaw. On comparison of results obtained for dry condition and from wet condition, it can be concluded that while using lubricant the wear reduces in blades and there is less reduction in height of teeth of blades, thus blade life increases.
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