A Review on Role and Quality of Module Mounting Structure of Solar PV Power Plants Installed in Indi

GRD Journals- Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Volume 5 | Issue 4 | March 2020 ISSN: 2455-5703

A Review on Role and Quality of Module Mounting Structure of Solar PV Power Plants Installed in India Bablu Manna Research Scholar Department of Mechanical Engineering Chandradeep Solar Research Institute

S. Chattopadhyay Research Co-coordinator Department of Mechanical Engineering Chandradeep Solar Research Institute

Abstract India has kept a target of installing 100GW capacity by 2022 and the present installed capacity as on December 31, 2019 is 33.730GW. Half of these installed Power Plants are Ground Mounted by nature. The life of Solar PV Module is 25 years so that should also be the life of Module Mounting Structures (MMS) to hold the Solar PV Modules for 25 long years. India is a vast country and much of it’s areas are considered as Seismic Zones of different Grades. It is important to be sure about the performance of MMS during installation of the Solar Power Plants in both Seismic and Non-Seismic Zones to avoid any damages. This paper reviews the work that has been done on this issue and also gives ideas about the proper protection that to be taken to protect the power plants.

Keywords- Solar Power plant, JNNSSM, MMS, Seismic Zone

I. INTRODUCTION There is a remote chance of the improvement of Indian environment, since the use of conventional coal power plant, aviation & use of fossil fuel in automobile will be increasing in couple of years to meet Some Trillion Dollar Economic Target. Global warming & Climate change have become important buzzwords worldwide. To increase the use of indigenous renewable resources is expected to reduce India’s dependency on expensive imported fossil fuels to energy security of the nation renewable energy is the need of the hour [6]. Renewable energy is becoming increasingly cost effective, competitive to fossil fuel based generations, like the prices of solar modules have declined by almost 80% since National Solar Mission 2008 [5]. Though the need to turn towards more sustainable renewable & green space of energy is increasing, the change is not happening at a fast enough space.

Day by day we experience natural calamity, devastation & disaster with in very short period of time. Cyclone in coastal areas & earthquakes in most of the areas in north eastern & northern part of the country is quite often which comes under very severe seismic zones like III, IV & V[1], [2].

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A Review on Role and Quality of Module Mounting Structure of Solar PV Power Plants Installed in India (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 4 / 002)

The Govt of India has set an ambitious target of reaching 175GW of clean energy generation by March 2022[5]. According to the research in June 2018, renewable auctioned capacity has also increased by 68% since 2017 & clean energy investment, mostly related to solar power projects, and added up to $ 7.4 billion in the first half of 2018. Last year India was at 5th position, but it climbed 3 spots & reached 2nd position. There is an eight fold increase in India’s renewable capacity [15]. Since 2014 to 2018-19 from Rewa Ultra Mega Solar limited ( M.P ) Seismic zone III 750 MW solar power plant, Kumuthi Solar park Tamilnadu Seismic zone III 648MW capacity solar power plant, Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park Seismic zone III 1000MW capacity solar power plant, Shakti Sthala, Pavagada Karnataka Seismic zone III 2000 MW capacity solar power plant. India’s renewable energy resources & solar power plant capacity has increased from 2.2GW to 22GW. More over Bhadla Solar Park in Rajasthan Seismic zone III is being constructed with a capacity of 2255 MW & is expected to complete by the end of December 2018 [8][3]. Over 11GW of projects were awarded through auctions in 2017 resulting best year for solar capacity as installations jumped by 90% over the year. Govt target of installing 20 GW of solar power plant by 2022 was achieve 4 years ahead of schedule in June 2018 through solar park as well as roof top solar panels [5]. Few days back our PM was also awarded with “UN Champion of Earth” Award for his bold environmental leadership on the global stage [10] India is home to an extraordinary variety of climatic regions, ranging from tropical in the south to temperature & alpine in the Himalayan north where elevated regions receive sustained winter snowfall. The nation’s climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas & the Thar Desert. Based on the factors influencing climate Temperature, Humidity, Precipitation, Sky condition, solar radiation, Wind & vegetation depends. India is divided into six climatic zones…..

The object of this paper is to suggest the quality of the M.M.S which can resist in earth quacks intensity shakings & a structural system that will resist the vertical & lateral loads, also to design the protection measure for the M.M.S, because minimum thought has been applied for the M.M.S in almost every solar power plant in India.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW S. No. 1.

Authors Mr. sindhala Raju, Dr. Chenna Rajaram.

Subject Seismic base isolation of multistory building.

2.

T. Subramani, J.Jothi & M. Kavitha.

Earthquake Analysis of Structure by Base Isolation Technique in SAP.

3.

Dodda Harika, DV Bhavani & N.Siva Prasad Rao

Earthquake analysis of structural by isolation technique in E tabs.

4.

Satish Kumar Yadav & Usha Bajpai

Variation in the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant Due to Climatic Parameters in Composite Climatic Zone.

5.

Press Bureau

Seismic Zones.

Information

Observation The main purpose of this work is to make comparison between the fixed base building and various base isolation buildings. The various isolation systems such as friction isolators, rubber isolators, triple concave (T/C) friction isolators. A base isolation building, displacement is less, when compared to without base isolation building. For fixed base building displacements vary significantly from bottom to top storey. But for base isolation building displacements are nearly same from bottom to top.

This paper presents an overview of the present state of base isolation techniques with special emphasis and a brief on other techniques developed world over for mitigating earthquake forces on the structures. The present study has been concentrated on a typical plan for the 8 story buildings, Their performance of base isolator is best than fixed based building, it can be used for general purposes or initial cost of structure increases tremendously. But safety it should be providing at such as hospitals, police station, & public places etc.

The aim of this research is to study the seismic behavior of different structures under fixed condition and base isolated condition. In present study Modeling and analysis of G+5 storey RC building is done in ETBS software for two cases. The first one is fixed base and the second one is base isolated.

In this paper, the Performance of a 5kVA photovoltaic power plant installed at the Centre of Excellence in Renewable Energy Education and Research, University of Lucknow (New Campus) is calculated on the basis of the collected data of two reference modules. The data analysis shows that some climatic parameters degrade the performance of solar photovoltaic power plants like dust, temperature and humidity and some put positive effect on the output power of modules like rain.

Earthquake - prone areas of the country have been identified on the basis of scientific inputs relating to seismicity, earthquakes occurred in the past and tectonic setup of the region. Based on these inputs, Bureau of Indian Standards [IS 1893 (Part I):2002], has grouped the country into four seismic zones, viz. Zone II, III, IV and V. Of these, Zone V is seismically the most active region, while zone II is the least.

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A Review on Role and Quality of Module Mounting Structure of Solar PV Power Plants Installed in India (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 4 / 002)

6.

Ashwini kumar, kapil kumar, naresh kaushik, satyawati Sharma & saroj mishra.

Renewable Energy in India – Current status & future potentials.

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Sindhala Raju, Dr. Chenna Rajaram.

Seismic Base Isolation of Multi-Storey Building.

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T. Subramani , J. Jothi , M. Kavitha

Earthquake Analysis of Structure by Base Isolation Technique in SAP.

9.

Dodda Harika, DV Bhavani and N Siva Prasad Rao

Earth quake analysis of structure by isolation technique in E-Tabs.

10.

Jennifer burner & V. Rananathan

Recent climate & air pollution impacts on Indian agriculture.

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J. M. Eidinger1 D. Pratt2 F. Nikman3 1 President,G&E Engineering Systems Inc., Olympic Val. Reshmi singh

Seismic and Wind Design for Solar Panels

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C.V.R. Murty, Rupen Goswami A.R.Vijayanarayana n R. Pradeep Kumar Vipul V. Mehta.

Introduction to Earthquake Protection of Non-Structural Elements in Buildings.

14

Down to earth & Pratha Jhawar

India witnesses fastest energy investment growth.

15

Rachit S, Vinod KG.

Solar Power – Current Status, Challenges and Policies in India.

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Non-destructive in-situ performance monitoring of high-efficiency SPV modules using infrared thermography in composite climate of India

Renewable energy sources & technologies have potentials to provide solutions to the long standing energy problems being faced by the developing countries. The renewable sources like wind, solar, geothermal, ocean, bio mass & fuel cell technology can be used to overcome energy shortage in India.

Energy security, economic growth & environmental protection are the national energy policy derives of any country of the world.

The need to boost the efforts for further development & promotion of renewable energy sources has been felt world over in light of high prices of crude oil.

Seismic base isolation is a technique that has been reducing the damaging effects and structural collapse during an earthquake.

The main purpose of this work is to make comparison between the fixed base building and various base isolation buildings.

This paper presents an overview of the present state of base isolation techniques with special emphasis and a brief on other techniques developed world over for mitigating earthquake forces on the structures. The dynamic analysis procedure for isolated structures is briefly explained.

The aim of this research is to study the seismic behavior of different structures under fixed condition and base isolated condition. In present study Modeling and analysis of G+5 storey RC building is done in ETBS software for two cases. The first one is fixed base and the second one is base isolated.

India’s agricultural sector is responsible for the consumption by over 18% of overall national electricity usage. However its contribution to the GDP in just over 5%. The discrepancy has been prevalent since the 1970’s when green revolution was on.

The solution however is not to curtail the power access to the agricultural sector, as it employs a large part of the population & is a key role in India’s growth engine day time.

This paper examines the economics and pros and cons of constructing solar panel systems atop several water reservoirs that also require seismic upgrades.

The primary object of the paper is to non destructive performance monitoring of test modules under various shading configurations of evaluate the impact of the partial shading on the thermal stress of the solar modules. In this paper, an overview has been provided on the uses of different approaches of infrared thermography for monitoring, detection & characterization of different field aged solar modules. A comprehensive evaluation of the thermal & electrical effects caused by the partial shading has been carried out for four different solar photovoltaic module technologies.

This book is an attempt to put together available literature on earthquake protection of NSEs and present the same in five relatively independent chapters in a simple way to first time readers of the subject. Overall earthquake performance of a building largely depends first on the earthquake performance of SEs, and then on that of NSEs. Investments in the energy sector in India have seen the highest growth in the world, according to 4th Annual World Energy Investment (WEI) report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) published on May 14, 2019. The investments grew at a record 12 per cent during 2015 to 2018, to around $85 billion. In 2018, India was the fourth-largest destination for power sector investment. The report highlights that for three straight years, spending in renewable sector exceeded that for fossil fuel-based power, due to government schemes supporting solar PV and wind, while there has been uncertain financial attractiveness for new coal power.

This paper provides an overview on solar energy in India. It reviews the current status of solar energy in terms of existing capacity, along with historical trends of solar energy. The paper also focuses on the technical and economical barriers and

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A Review on Role and Quality of Module Mounting Structure of Solar PV Power Plants Installed in India (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 4 / 002)

16

Ivan Popovic,

Methodology for detection of photovoltaic systems underperformance operation based on the correlation of irradiance estimates of neighboring systems

17

Prayas & Ashwin Gambhir, Rohil Jethmalani, Jatin Sarode, Nikita Das, Shantanu Dixit.

India’s journey towards 175 GW renewables by 2022.

18

Philippe Gueguen

19.

M. R. Kolhe, Dr. P. G. Khot

Experimental analysis of the seismic response of one base-isolation building according to different levels of shaking: example of the Martinique earthquake (2007/11/29) Mw 7.3 Environmental and Social issues related to Coal and Role of Renewable Energy Sources in India.

challenges for development and utilization of solar energy technology. The paper reviews existing government act and regulatory policies to support solar energy development in India.

The methodology for the detection of under-performance operation of neighboring photovoltaic systems is presented. The methodology compares the estimations of the total horizontal solar irradiance obtained from a group of photovoltaic systems.

India’s official renewable energy target now stands at an ambitious 175 GW by 2022 (PTI, 2015). While the bulk of this capacity would comprise of solar and wind power (100 and 60 GW respectively), the remaining 15 GW would be made up of biomass power (10 GW) and small hydropower (5 GW).

Renewable energy and energy efficiency are also an important part of India’s commitment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) during 2016-2030.

This paper aims to analyse its response to seismic stress. The building was equipped with permanent network of two accelerometric stations in 2005. The data from this network enable us to understand its operation and to observe any changes in behaviour before and after the main shock.

In this attempt has been made to study the merits/demerits of available energy sources and to find the scope of renewable energy sources. Solar energy has the greatest potential of all the sources of renewable energy.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION After reviewed various journal/article/documents, I have seen that, module mounting structure could also be responsible for the damage of the solar power plant because minimum quality standard is maintained when it comes to module mounting structure.

1) Problem in Site Selection As we mentioned "Orientation & Positioning of solar module" about the optimum tilt angle and orientation of solar module.

However not all the roof has adequate space to install the power plant at the south orientation (for sites in northern hemisphere) and inclination equal to tilt angle. Site selection includes selection of parameters such as orientation, inclination, simulating nearby shading effects to name a few. The utility scale power plant (as they are installed on huge open land) has fewer problems as compared to Rooftop power plants.

2) Problems in Design Considerations The designing of the solar PV plant is worked out in a way that it simulates the real field conditions. While there has been a lot of development and improvement in the design of power plant, there still seems to be few problems associated with it. Attributed to varying climatic conditions and unexpected losses in the plant, the expected energy output from plants (after it has operated few years) cannot be simulated with 100% accuracy. The next most important consideration is of Module Mounting Structure (MMS).

There are ample designs based on different technology and/or material available in the market. It hence becomes important to select the particular MMS based on detailed calculations, ground/ roof type, etc. However there are evident examples that due to improper considerations or inadequate design/material usage (to make more money) the plant eradicates from ground/roof causing irreversible damage to the plant.

3) Physical Installation of Solar PV Plant One of the most important and highly ignored common problems while installing the power plant is the difference in tilt angle and/or orientation of solar modules. While this may/may not be evident is new power plants, few aged power plants is the place where we can find such defect. This is because the MMS due to various reasons such as wind loads, module load may have bent.

This causes a change in tilt and sometimes orientation of the modules (in comparison to its adjacent module). Such change would lead to difference in power production between module and/or shading of surrounding (other) module leading to generation of hotspot and reduced power output after some times.

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A Review on Role and Quality of Module Mounting Structure of Solar PV Power Plants Installed in India (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 4 / 002)

IV. CONCLUSION The basic concepts in earthquake resistant design for module mounting structures regarding behavior of module mounting structures under the action of lateral loads specially during earthquake, since most of the parts of the country in Indian subcontinent are vulnerable to major earthquakes. For a module mounting structures to perform satisfactorily during earthquakes it must meet the philosophy of earthquake resistance design like characteristics of material used it should follow seismic design, bye-laws code material, seismic structural configuration, lateral stiffness, ductility. The module mounting structures should be able to with stand this imposed deformation with damage under small intensity shaking & no collapse under high intensity shaking. Adopt a structural system that will resist the vertical & lateral loads offering direct load paths in both plan directions of the winds.

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