Endorsing Employment Confidence of Women through Appropriate Coir Cluster Merchandises Training & De by GRD Journals

GRD Journals- Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Volume 5 | Issue 6 | May 2020 ISSN- 2455-5703

Endorsing Employment Confidence of Women through Appropriate Coir Cluster Merchandises Training & Development for their Life Uplifting in Rural Environment Dr. B. Paulchamy Professor & Head of the Department Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Hindusthan Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641 032

B. Hakkem Assistant Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Hindusthan Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641 032

Abstract To create sustainable income sources among the needy rural women to improve their life environment. To make the target women as self-dependent, by training them in coconut coir extraction and handcraft creation thus making them entrepreneurs so that they better stand on their own feet for anything or everything required for them. To form Women Self Help Groups and to improve livelihood, Leadership Training community service Training etc. Keywords- Coir Products, Coir Pith, Yarn, Robs, White Husk, Brown Husk

I. INTRODUCTION The 20th century brought about significant changes in the status of women, and over the years, a number of steps have been undertaken by the government, businesses and social organizations to address the issues faced by women and bridge the gap created by society. However, there is still a long way to go before women can truly become empowered. Women from indigenous and grassroots communities are often also custodians of traditional knowledge, which is key for their communities’ livelihoods, resilience and culture. They are important in the rural family as farmers, wage earners and industrialists. They are the key ‘Agents of Change’ for achieving the transformational economic, environmental and social changes required for continued development. Endowing rural women by producing employment openings pays to comprehensive and economic progression. The Kappalankarai village is located in Pollachi Tehsil of Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is situated 17 km away from the sub-district headquarter Pollachi and 35 km away from district headquarter Coimbatore. The Kappalankarai Village is having nearly 500 SC & ST people. The main employment of these people is coir rope production. But they do not have awareness about the production of coir products other than rope. Hence, they must be trained in coconut fibre extraction and handcraft creation .the training would enhance their skills and uplift their life.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY AND RELATED WORKS –

Peresia Blapoh Wungko, Examining Concrete Properties using Coconut Fibre Ash and Fly Ash as Partial Replacement for Cement,2017. Concrete is a composition of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and water which makes it a composite material. Fly ash which is a waste material is used as a supplementary cementations material in the production of Portland cement and when added to concrete, it gives good workability, greater strength, decreases permeability and increases durability. Coconut fibre is an agricultural waste which can be burned into ash and when added to concrete as a partial replacement of cement, it has great potentials. The aim of this project work is to investigate concrete properties using coconut fibre ash and fly ash as partial replacement for cement in regards to the compressive strength which is investigated for 3,7, 28,56 and 90 days. Since concrete is weak in tension due to its brittle nature, it is necessary to conduct the split tensile strength test. Durability test which is an important factor to prove a concrete ability to resist weather action, chemical attack, and abrasion while maintaining its desired engineering properties is also investigated in this project work. In this project work, mix proportion of M40 grade of concrete was used for 8 mixes in accordance with IS 456: 2000 and IS 10262: 2009. These mixes were an inclusion of separate mixes of conventional concrete as well as different percentages of coconut fibre ash and fly ash as a partial replacement for cement of which the various results obtained for the partial mixes strength will be compared to the strength of the conventional concrete. The addition of coconut fibre ash ranges from 20% to 40 % and fly ash ranges from 10% to 25%. Nowadays, regular materials used for construction are very expensive and unaffordable by many lower income people, thereby unaware of the usages of some waste materials which can be partially replaced as construction material and at the same time reducing cost. Sensitization is to be created in the usage of those waste materials such as coconut fibre ash as a construction material[1]

Endorsing Employment Confidence of Women through Appropriate Coir Cluster Merchandises Training & Development for their Life Uplifting in Rural Environment (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 6 / 006)

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Peter Knorringa • Khalid Nadvi, Rising Power Clusters and the Challenges of Local and Global Standards, 2016. This paper explores the intersection between three processes associated with globalization. First, the rise of emerging economies like China, Brazil and India, the so called ‘Rising Powers’, and their potential to define the contours of globalization, global production arrangements and global governance in the twenty-first century. Second, the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) goals in the shaping of global trade rules and industrial practices. Third, the significance of small firm clusters as critical sites of industrial competitiveness. Some of the most significant examples of successful, innovative and internationally competitive small firm clusters from the developing world are located in the ‘Rising Powers’ and cluster promotion is a core element of national industrial policy in some of these countries. There is also evidence of engagement by clustered actors with corporate social responsibility goals around labour and environmental impacts. While these three processes have been separately studied there has been no attempt to explore their intersections. This paper addresses this gap through a comparative analysis of secondary data, and a detailed reading of the literature, on CSR and clusters in Brazil, China and India. It assesses the evidence on small firm clusters in the Rising Power economies and considers how these Rising Power clusters engage with CSR goals pertaining to labour, social and environmental standards. It argues for a greater focus on the formal and informal institutional context, termed the ‘social contract’, in explaining divergent experiences and practices observed across these countries. This raises important questions for future academic and policy research on clusters, CSR and the Rising Powers. The paper concludes by outlining a research agenda to explore the local and global consequences of the relationship between Rising Power clusters and international labour and environmental standards[2] Y. Prashant, *C. Gopinath, Vignesh Ravichandran,2017, “Design And Development of Coconut Fibre Extraction Machine” The scope of this paper was to design and develop a coconut fibre extraction machine for farmers and small scale coir industries in India to provide an effective solution to the difficulties in existing process, reduce time and labour cost and to develop a compact coconut fibre extraction machine which could be used in remote villages so that unutilized husks from such areas could be tapped and fibre could be made available to the Coir Industry directly. This project was taken up to develop a promotional strategy for a new innovation and generate public awareness regarding the availability of a coconut fibre extraction machine in the market at a reasonable cost. The project began with collection of information and data on user lifestyle and current process by which they perform their job. The current difficulties were analyzed. Interviews were held with users. A comparative bench marking study was done on similar processes used in other similar extraction processes. Along with this an ergonomic simulation was made to understand the user difficulties and manufacturing methods to get an overview to provide solution to the user to suit their requirement. Concepts were generated keeping benchmarked product in view. This machine works with gear mechanism, in which 2 barrels rotates in opposite direction to extract fibre from coconut. Cutting pins are inserted in indexed holes to separate fibre and to give linear motion to coconut shell. Validation was carried out with the user group and the feedback was positive. It was noticed that there is potential market for this product. Further work could be carried in terms of aesthetics, material and weight reduction by adopting advanced manufacturing techniques[3]

III. METHODOLOGY Pollchi is very famous for coconut farming in Tamilnadu. Coconut fibre project is a process of extracting fibre from the Coconut which is a waste material after using the Coconut. India is the largest coconut producer in the world after Philippines. Generally in our homes and functions Coconut is used but other portions of Coconut plant are dumped as waste. We can make Coconut fibre using coconut bunches which are wasting. Using Machinery we can extract fibre from coconut.

Fig. 1: Block diagram of the proposed work

Endorsing Employment Confidence of Women through Appropriate Coir Cluster Merchandises Training & Development for their Life Uplifting in Rural Environment (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 6 / 006)

A. Coir Fibre The coconut husk (raw material) is collected from the farms and stored. The collected husk is soaked in water. Then soaked material is fed into the decorticator where in the fibre and pith are separated. The fibre is dried in the sunlight and is pressed in the form of 35-Kg bundles by using balling press and dispatched for sales. B. Coir Yarn Coir yarn spinning is similar to cotton yarn spinning. The processes involved given here under: 1) Willowing 2) Slivering 3) Spinning 4) Winding Coir fibre obtained from fibre extraction units and is wetted by spraying water. After 2-3 hours, the wetted fibre is passed through the willowing machine to remove the impurities and the place the fibre and parallel to each other. The process flow chart for Coir yarn spinning is shown in below figure.

Fig. 2: Flow Chart for Coir Yarn Spinning

The fibre is then fed in to slivering machine wherein it is converted in to sliver form. The slivers are spun into yarn as per specifications in the spinning machine. The yarn is then cleaned and wound in to rolls and is now ready for the market. C. Coir Pith Block The by-product obtained during the process of Coir Fibre Extraction is Coir Pith. The raw coir pith (high EC) is received and washed in the soft water to reduce the EC. The low EC pith is dried in the yard and the dried pith is subjected to sieving / mixing process. The resultant pith is fed into the compacting machine in which the pith is converted into blocks. Then the blocks are packed and then dispatched to sales. D. Rubberized Coir The curled coir is treated with steam and is fed into untwisting machine to untwist the ropes and to throw out the curved fibres into coded form. The untwisted fibre is then fed into a sheet machine. This machine further cords to fibre and puts it on a conveyor belt in required width and thickness. The sheet is now sprayed with rubber latex compounded with chemicals and the conveyor is passed through successive drying chambers where the water content in the latex is evaporated and the fibres get bonded with a rubber and the continuous bonded sheet of required width comes out from the machine. The sheet is then cut to pieces of required length. E. Coir PVC Tufting Mats PVC tufting (backed) mats and rolls are made by tufting high quality coir yarn into PVC backing. The product is formed by Tufting Coir Yarn over PVC back using the coir tufting machine. The vinyl backing provides anti slipping and ensures very low fibre shredding properties.

Endorsing Employment Confidence of Women through Appropriate Coir Cluster Merchandises Training & Development for their Life Uplifting in Rural Environment (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 6 / 006)

Fig. 3: Flow Chat of Coir PVC Tufting mats

The advantage is that these mats can be easily cut to any size or shape providing a completely clean and safe edge that will not fray. Mats with varying pile heights can be manufactured with width of 1m/2m. Attractive Stencil designs can be made as per the requirements. This Coco Mat is bleached and designs are made using eco free water based acrylic paint. Coir Tufted Door Mats are very much in use throughout the world because of its versatility, durability, ecofriendly nature, finishing and competitive costing. The finished bleached mat is colorful, brighter, long lasted and very effective in dirt trapping.

IV. TRAINING AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT The inauguration of sponsored project under DST S&T for women scheme was held on 09.11.2019 at Kappalankarai Village, Coimbatore. Mr.B.Karthigaivasan, General Manager, District Industries Centre, Coimbatore inaugurated the training and explained about the development of coir product. Fifteen SC/ST women were trained by Dr.B.Paulchamy, Principal Investigator with people from Coir industry, about the manufacturing of coir products and also to carry out minor repair that may occur while operating the machine. Women self-group members were trained for marketing the product developed. Our project team is very keen in noticing product development and motivating the women for their life development. In the first year the product produced will be sold by the women who will be involved in the manufacturing of coir with nearby shops. The trained women were also asked to create awareness about the training and development of various coir products to other women in nearby villages. In the middle of the second year the women will be given training for marketing the products in the coir industry and the production will be increased depending on the demand of the products. The project aims at empowering women, making them as successful entrepreneurs and improves their standard of living.

Fig. 4: Women were trained by subject Experts

Endorsing Employment Confidence of Women through Appropriate Coir Cluster Merchandises Training & Development for their Life Uplifting in Rural Environment (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 6 / 006)

Fig. 5: Women rectifying machine fault during the training session

Fig. 6: Team of Beneficiaries

From the above training and development programme we have to create sustainable income sources among the needy rural women to improve their life environment. To make the target women as self-dependent, by training them in coconut coir extraction and handcraft creation thus making them entrepreneurs so that they better stand on their own feet for anything or everything required for them. To form Women Self Help Groups and to improve livelihood, Leadership Training community service Training etc. Unity service Training etc.

V. CONCLUSION Empowerment of women comprises various possessions like commercial prospect, community equivalence, and particular privileges. Women are destitute of these human truths, habitually as a substance of tradition. In rural areas, women are commonly not aware to have any evocative income generation capability, and hence, they are downgraded mostly to family responsibilities. Deprived of the influence to work and earn decent revenue, their opinions are quieted. Established on our training and project the rural women will get supportable income sources among the needy to improve their life atmosphere and also to make the aim women as self-dependent.

VI. FUTURE SCOPE The product will be distributed with competitive price in the shops to promote the usage of coir products. We have planned to conduct a survey after four months from the distribution of coir products through the coir development centre to analyze the sales growth of the coir products. Based on the survey the training will be repeated to more self-help women group in and around Kappalankarai Village, Coimbatore.

REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4]

Mamatha BS,Conceptual understanding of women empowerment in India, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research,2018 Peresia Blapoh Wungko, Examining Concrete Properties using Coconut Fibre Ash and Fly Ash as Partial Replacement for Cement,2017. Y. Prashant, *C. Gopinath, Vignesh Ravichandran,2017, “Design And Development Of Coconut Fibre Extraction Machine” Peter Knorringa • Khalid Nadvi, Rising Power Clusters and the Challenges of Local and Global Standards, 2016.

Endorsing Employment Confidence of Women through Appropriate Coir Cluster Merchandises Training & Development for their Life Uplifting in Rural Environment (GRDJE/ Volume 5 / Issue 6 / 006) [5] [6] [7]

Rahul Sabale, Dr. K. P. Kolhe , 2016 , Review of Coconut Fibre Extraction Machines. Majid Ali, 2016, Coconut fibre A versatile material and its applications in engineering. Sarsby, R.W., Ali, M., Alurs R.De, Khaffaf, J.H and McDougall, J.M. 1992. Low cost soil reinforcement for Developing countries. Proceedings, International Con-ference on Non-wovens the Textile Institute, North India Section, New Delhi. pp. 297-310. [8] Satyanarayana, K.G., Kulkarni, A.G., Sukumaran, K., Pillai, S.G.K., Cheriyan, K.A and Rohatgi, P.K. 1981. Proceedings of the International Conference on Composite Structures, Scotland. Applied Science Publishers, England. p. 42. [9] Schurholz, H. 1988. Utilization Potential for coir fabrics as a Geotextile material, Proceedings, Workshop on Coir Geogrids and Geofabrics in Civil Engineering Practice, Coimbatore, India. p. 36. [10] Thampan, P.K. 1975. The Coconut Palm and its Products. Greenvilla Publishing House, Kerala. pp. 268-281. [11] Ugbolue, S.C.O. 1990. Structure-property relationships in textile fibres. Text. Inst. 20(4): 1. [12] Varma, D. S., Varma, M., Varma, I. K. 1984. Studies on jute fibre reinforced thermo plastic composite. Text.Res. Inst. 54 (12): 821.