Equipment : LICOR 6400 Portable Photosynthesis System
Equipment : Minolta SPAD 502 Leaf Chlorophyll Meter
Analysis : To evaluate the photosynthesis rate of the sample leaf for the oil palms
Analysis : To determine the Chlorophyll of the sample leaf of the oil palms
Equipment : LAI 2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer Analysis : To monitor the leaves area index of oil palms
Greenfeed vision is to provide the agriculture industry with high efficient and environmental friendly fertilizer. With those principles in mind, we are constanlly research and improving our existing range of new.
All agronomic research, development and laboratory fertilizer are carried out in the center. We provide our customers with various soil tests, foliar tests and physiologic tests and consultancy services. The research team is lead by a panel of agronomists and scientists.
Other than owning a laboratory the research team is also equipped with the latest Field Portable Agronomic Equipments. The Investment of these equipments is to facilitate our technical advice of the precise application of fertilizer to our clients.
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Greenfeed Group reserves the right to change, modify or update its content, descriptions, specification, design, constructions and shapes of its products at anytime without prior notice. Greenfeed logo is a trademark of Greenfeed Group Š. All right reserved.
REVIEW: CONSTRUCTION OF GREENFEED® PHYSIOLOGICAL RULER FOR OIL PALMS WITHIN PLANTING AGE OF 1 YEAR AFTER PLANTING (YAP) UNTIL 25 YEARS AFTER PLANTING (YAP) Technical Research and Development (TRD) Department Muhammad Asyraf Abdul Aziz
1.0
SUMMARY
This paper carries the objective to provide physiological performance guidelines for oil palms applied with Greenfeed® Slow Release Fertilizer. A total of 177 statistical data were obtained from the research archives carried out since 1995 on various plantations within and outside of Malaysia. The physiological analysis involved were the photosynthesis rate measurement using the Li-COR 6400 Portable Photosynthesis System, leaf area index measurement using Plant Canopy Analyzer LAI-2000, and the chlorophyll content using the SPAD Minolta 502 Chlorophyll Meter. The constructed Greenfeed® Ruler presents the expected physiological performance range to be achieved by the oil palms applied with Greenfeed® Slow Release Fertilizer according the planting age. The Greenfeed® Ruler covers from 1 Year After Planting (YAP) until 25 Years After Planting (YAP) which is accordingly the general economic lifespan of the oil palms. Furthermore, above the standard cap of the economic lifespan, the correlations variability exposed to the oil palms relating to their physiological performance were not suitable. This Greenfeed® Ruler is the first draft of such guidelines ever constructed and further studies shall be carried out in order to make this draft much more informative and indicative. Detailed study can be referred to later section of this paper.
Keywords: oil palm, physiological, slow release fertilizer, photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll, leaf area index.
2.0
INTRODUCTION
As of 31st October 2011, the total human population has
with the remaining 95% of the regular petroleum-based diesel.
reached 7,000,000,000 people, which the last time it
With such small portion of the biodiesel incorporated into the
happened was 12 year ago on 12th October 1999. The brisk
formulation, which was obtained from the processed palm oil,
population growth would then lead to increase in global
it contributes significantly to the consumption of 12.4 million
demands for various available raw materials that are mostly
litre of fossil-based diesel a year in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
either depleting or not having a very long lifespan.
Furthermore, all of the government monitored vehicle showed
Furthermore, demands in food resources will as well
no significant technical fault after using this B5 Biodiesel. Thus,
increased resulting directly from the rapid increment of human
highlighting other significant importance of oil palms in other
population and thus, vital sustainable resources such as oil
industry. Furthermore, the palm oil and palm kernel oil have a
palms must be managed properly. The importance of oil palms
wide range of application of about 80% used for food
in various sector must no be taken lightly as by far, oil palms
applications while the rest is feedstock for a number of
have the highest edible oil extraction rate as compared to
non-food applications (Salmiah, 2000). For example, the RBD
other viable sources such as soybean, rapeseed and many
(refined, bleached, deodorized) olein and stearin are generally
more (per hectare). Furthermore, having the advantage of
used within the food industries such as margarines, vegetable
being within the tropical region, Malaysia must continuously
ghee, cooking oil, ice creams and many more. Several blends
carry out significant study on oil palms in term of improving the
have also been developed to produce solid fats with zero
yield production efficiency within limited areas and also
content of trans-fatty acids (Berger, 1996). Other non-food
increasing the diversity contribution of the palm oil onto
utilizations of palm oil would cover into the oleo-chemical
another industries.
route, which resulted to several basic oleo-chemicals such as fatty acids, esters, alcohol, nitrogen compounds, as well as glycerol. Example of such use would be in the production of
2.01 Oil Palm’s Importance and Contributions
detergent, softener, pharmaceutical products, lubricants,
One of the current significant achieved by the Malaysia is
fragrance
through the introduction of the B5 Biodiesel, which was initially
Furthermore, important compositions such as Tocopherol
officially launched on 1st June 2011. The B5 refers to the
(TCP) within the palm oil were proven clinically to help improve
composition of the biodiesel, which utilizes 5% of biodiesel 5
GREENFEED BULLETIN ISSUE 4, 2011
industry,
imidazolines,
and
many
others.
Greenfeed Group reserves the right to change, modify or update its content, descriptions, specification, design, constructions and shapes of its products at anytime without prior notice. Greenfeed logo is a trademark of Greenfeed Group Š. All right reserved.
Additionally, the printing qualities are those of high grade as tests are carried out to ensure that the printing colour does not erode over the course of time. Such occurrence is can be caused by long exposure under the sunlight. Furthermore, under such circumstances, this would lead to the Ultraviolet-Rays to penetrate the packaging and affecting the initial quality of the fertilizer. Apart from this, the packaging must also be able to withstand frictions and high forces applied onto it and this correlates to the second category that is durability.
GREENFEED® SRF
GREENFEED® MTF
GREENFEED® HMTF
12 - 16 - 4 + 2 MgO + 0.54 B
13 - 10 - 15 + 2 MgO + 0.38 B
13 - 10 - 22 + 2 MgO + 0.38 B
MALAYSIA PATENT NO. PI20044120
MALAYSIA PATENT NO. PI20044120
MALAYSIA PATENT NO. PI20061655
Plate 2: The established design of the Greenfeed product packaging agreed during the year 2000
3.0 DURABILITY Durability is also another vital key characteristic that can be found in a good quality packaging. This quality is also one of the characteristics that has improved a lot since the beginning of the manufacturing of Greenfeed® Slow Release Fertilizer. The current packaging of Greenfeed® Slow Release Fertilizer is one of the thickest packaging that can be found within the industry. The course of fertilizer delivery involves several physical activities involving transferring and relocating of the product beginning for the manufacturing facility in Shah Alam, Selangor; to the clients which can be as far as Indonesia or Cambodia. Thus, the packaging durability of Greenfeed® Slow Release Fertilizer must be high in order to be able to withstand such strenuous effect. Apart from the thickness of the packaging, the sealing of the packaging must also be carried out properly.
For every bag of Greenfeed® Slow Release Fertilizer, the sealing was either double sealed or high-tension (thick) single sealed. This again, is to ensure that the packaging bag does not tear up in any high friction events. Furthermore, it must be able to withstand high vertical pressure that is caused by stacking of the fertilizer either for storage or during loading up within the container for transportation. Such details are made to ensure that the condition of the fertilizer can be preserved over the course of explained duration during the transporting and store keeping of the product.
All of the aforementioned key points regarding the quality of Greenfeed® Slow Release Fertilizer packaging are made to ensure that the best quality of the product can be sustained for the benefit of the clients. Furthermore, the packaging are also made clearly visible so that the clients are able to distinguish Greenfeed® Slow Release fertilizer from other imitators or competitors. The quality of the packaging were initially tested and approved by the Quality Check (QC) department of Greenfeed Groups and they will reject any defects or shortcomings detected instantly.
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GREENFEED BULLETIN ISSUE 4, 2011
“..the packaging durability of Greenfeed® Slow Release Fertilizer must be high in order to be able to withstand such strenuous effect.”