չ剤佪焬㹁⭆պ鍑湨
糵锸 孵⦬隶鼄⽭㹳鸏⦐鑂ⴀ植㖈爢剚㣐滞
㢚⟃⿻ 56 䎃⢵剓㓂ꅾ涸♧妄✝傖ꨶ鋕倞
僽雊㣐㹻剓腋䠮「ⵌⰦ㪮腙涸♧⦐䎃⟨㖈
凐ꨎ걽➠ 01鴍福幾欴 02㓂Ⱶ♶ⱄ 03孵⦬
䊺剤㢵䎃⡎㼩荩抓➃⢵铞2021 䎃䧴鏪
耂㼩宐䏨卫畫字欰ꣳꨶ涸㜡㼬㾵ⴀ♶瓛
鸏♧䎃荩抓字滞鵔⢵ 74 䎃⢵剓攨涸❀剢拨
隶鼄䊺搭筝䩾㖈荩抓傈䌢欰崞涸嫦⦐橇眏
© Greenpeace
2021 䎃♳⼱䎃荩抓竤娜涰䎃㣐傖鸤䧭荩⨢扫酢⸔鵜倞荩䍤 70 ⭚⯋宐䞕❮秋敚⛳⢪荩⚥蕑吒瘞㖒荈 2021 䎃 4 剢饱㻜
倷⣘❀⠅✳涸⨢宐䲃倷
罜鸏♧ⴗ傍剤갸⯐耢ざ㕜佟䏎孵⦬隶
♳⼮灇瑖㜡デ 05 곏爚蕰荩抓佟䏎㖈 2050
⻋㼠㨽㆞剚 (IPCC) 㖈շ椕⼮影 ǖǽǚ˱ 暶ⴽ
䎃㼩孵⦬隶鼄➠嬗搂⡲捀涸鑨嵳䎂㼟
㹳⫦僽椕⼮影秉 ǖǽǖ˱ 涸穡卓蕰⚆歲笞
㜄꼸✳暶⼦瘞濼そ涸荩抓䠑韍㼩嵳䃋㘗
㜡デո04 ⚥럊ⴀ湡涸䨾黩麂涸孵⦬隶鼄⽭
幎形籏窡䏎荩⻍鮦畀넞繡憈㖒㸞䎂〢 涸荩抓⢵铞搂毠僽♧㜥嫆徧䚍涸担隶
䭰湡涸孵⦬佟瘼㖈 2050 䎃➃겳䛌㼟鵔⢵
♶〳䯍㔐涸㽷呏亙笃蒀ㄤ䎂涮䋒涸嵳䎂 01
© Greenpeace
㙹䋑僽䥰㼩孵⦬遼乹涸痧♧箁蕰♶琎噲幾焬呏亙笃蒀ㄤ䎂灇瑖넞꧆偫峸罉遳⛳㼟尐Ⰵ嵳䎂
呏亙耢ざ㕜 195 ⦐䧭㆞倴 2015 䎃鸒麕涸
蕰䱳瑖鸤䧭孵⦬隶鼄涸䧭㔔➃겳荈䊨噠
䊼랫⼿㹁 08 䲀皿捀✫䱾ⵖ椕⼮影♶馄麕 1.5
ꬠㄐ⟃⢵䱖佞荛㣐孵涸影㹔孵넓穪㼩僽Ⱖ⚺ 㔔Ⱖ⚥⡥嫲剓넞涸僽✳孻⻋焬 (76%) 06Ⱖ
䏞 C⚆歲涸焬䱖ꆀ㖈 2030 䎃䊩〸幾⼱
ꥹ䢫⢿⿻倰⤑ꠗ隡劥眝㜡デ剚㼟Ⱖ➮影㹔
䖕ぐ㕜佟䏎䗳㹁銴䱰遤黠殹涸佟瘼䊨Ⱘ⢵
2050 䎃䊩〸麨ⵌ帩ꨫ焬䱖㖈䱖佞湡垦焷用
妄捀歌掭宇孻⻋暟莅炼孻⻋暟瘞⣜亙㕜
佖隶竤憘遤捀♶锸僽姻ぢ酢顦涮㾝⡜焬猰
孵넓涸䕧갠䳖皿䧭瘞佪✳孻⻋焬殹ꆀ 07罜⫦
䪮斊鸤⡜焬欴噠ꑙ䧴⿾ぢ㞽넞䱖焬䧭劥
欽焬䱖佞⢵嚌䭍⛓
ⵄ欽竤憘䩛媯麨ⵌ湡涸Ⱖ⚥⚆歲♳剓䑞岌鄄 䱰欽⚂Ⱇ钢剓剤佪涸焬盘ⵖ䊨Ⱘ㽠僽焬㹁⭆ (Carbon Pricing)罜鸏⦐焬㹁⭆䧴鏪㼟䧭捀 荩抓㥶⡦仗膨孵⦬隶鼄⽭㹳涸ꡠ꒳ⵄ㐼
02
鍑湨
㕜ꥹⰗ钢剓剤佪涸焬盘ⵖ䊨Ⱘ焬㹁⭆ 焬㹁⭆곃そ䙼纏㽠僽㼟焬䱖佞㹁♳♧⦐
焬㹁⭆涸嚌䙂剓傍僽歋薊㕜㷸罏㖈 1973
⭆呔垦硹鹎罜䲿⣘竤憘♳涸⹛堥⢵麨ⵌ㻜
䎃䲿ⴀ⢵ 10歋蓸貽莅榰Ⱙⴕⴽ倴 19901991
颶幾焬佪卓ꤑ✫䬘鵜⫄窡넞焬䱖腋彂 / 䪮遯
䎃桧⯓㨥㻜倷 11搭罜 2005 䎃❩鿪陾㹁剅
䱖焬剤⭆鸏⟝✲⛳⿾䥰✫溫㻜涸爢剚䧭劥
⚆歲䊺剤 61 ⦐佟屛㻜넓䱰欽盘ⵖ✫秉 23%
莅ⱄ欰腋彂 / 䪮遯涸䧭劥렽⺑笃⻋鱲㘗㢫
⛓䖕㻜倷㕜䩞㨥곏衽㟞⸈䨔荛 2020 䎃
㼟♧湬⟃⢵鄄䙐殜涸㢫鿈⻋䧭劥ꅾ倞盘
涸⚆歲籏焬䱖 12⿾錚荩抓㖈 2015 䎃շ影㹔
㻜植寓厪罏䪭二涸橇㞯姻纏僽湡⚆歲♳
孵넓幾ꆀ⿻盘椚岁ո( 矦珖影盘岁 ) ⵖ㹁⟃⢵
剓䌢鋅⚂Ⱇ钢剓剤佪涸幾焬䊨Ⱘ
ꧪ傍䊺鎎♴ 2050 䎃焬䱖嫲 2005 䎃幾㼱♧⼱涸
09
湡垦⡎醢鸤鿈影㹔孵넓䱖佞ꆀ♶꣮⿾㟞
〳鋅植㖈涸影盘岁♶⫦幾焬湡垦麕倴⥃㸛刿 緄⛘䓽⸂剤佪涸焬㹁⭆⢵㻜植鸏⦐湡垦
椕影㹔孵넓鄄盘ⵖ嫲⢿
25 % ⚥㕜㣐ꤷ
61
䗞㕜 ⽂ꬌ
20 %
ꯓ㕜 傈劥
57
姘湅
15 %
蓸貽
41
Ⱖ➮㕜㹻
37
59
46 48
38
32
10 %
24
9
10 15 16 19 21
5% 倷遤㖒⼦籏侸 2
4
5
6
7
8
0% 1990
1995
2000
2005
㕬♧խ椕影㹔孵넓盘ⵖ嫲⢿ 12
03
2010
2015
2021
鍑湨 Ύ
焬㹁⭆涸♶ず䕎䒭 չ焬❜僒禺窡պ(Emission Trading System,
㖈锓荩抓涸焬㹁⭆㥶⡦剤佪䗳갭闍鍑
♧♴焬㹁⭆涸♶ず䕎䒭ꧪ搭⾲椚莅湡垦湱
ETS) 僽䭸갸⯓捀䱖佞籏ꆀ鏤♧⦐盘ⵖ♳ꣳ
չ⟃⭆ⵖꆀպ焬玅莅չ⟃ꆀⵖ⭆պ焬❜僒禺窡
ⴕ佞窍⟱噠罜䤊阮〳⟃荈歋㖒㖈⟱噠❜
㼟剤ꣳ涸䱖佞䤊阮⟃䬝颪䧴⯝顥ꂂ窍涸倰䒭
ず⡎㔔䩛媯涸䊴殯⚺銴〳⟃ⴕ捀Ⰽ㣐겳
僒⣜亙䋑㜥堥ⵖ剓穅涸䱖佞䤊阮❜僒⭆ 呔䗳㹁瘞ず倴幾㼱焬䱖涸鼹ꥹ䧭劥鶗⢪⟱
չ焬玅պ(Carbon tax) 僽䭸湬䱺㼩嫦㋲⡙
噠涮㾝幾焬倰呪や㽠䖤蔅㣐ꐏ䵻飑
焬䱖佞ꆀ铭⟃♧㹁ꆄ겙涸玅桧诔歋䱾ⵖ玅
剤ꣳ涸䱖佞须呔䱰欽 ETS 涸➿邍㖒⼦剤姘
겙넞⡜⢵䕧갠䱖佞玑䏞➿邍㖒⼦剤薊㕜
湅 繡 㕜 ⼦ 㚖 影 㹔 孵 넓 ⦸ 陾 ⵖ 䏞 (Regional
⸈䭭㣐⻍姘❀㕜岁㕜傈劥瘞稣ⴕ⛓
♴⿶剤⟃頿佟堥ꡠ窡♧䗚佐玅佐Ⰵ㕜䏨〳
Greenhouse Gas Initiative, RGGI) 13⚥㕜㣐ꤷ
荈歋麌欽䧴䎂㖳涮佞窍➃字涸⡲岁䧴僽⟃
⽂ꯓ瘞
橇⥃䧴竤憘鿈剚䗚佐暶ⴽⰗ铭⡎欽鸁⫦⣘ 涮㾝⡜焬笃腋酢⸔欴噠鱲㘗瘞䲃倷䖕 罏♧菛⿶珖捀չ焬顥 (Carbon fee )պ 邍♧խ焬玅焬顥莅焬❜僒禺窡嫲鯱 14
焬玅焬顥
焬❜僒禺窡
〳갸庠㔿㹁锅侮
♶〳갸庠⣜䋑㜥嵥⹛
幾焬籏ꆀ
♶〳갸庠
〳갸庠
遤佟ꨈ䏞
鯱矦僒
鯱醳꧹
黠欽眕㕠
歋佟䏎对㹁佐顥㼩韍
㺂鏪⟱噠❜僒
幾焬䩛媯
⟃⭆ⵖꆀ
⟃ꆀⵖ⭆
焬⭆呔
涸欴噠暶䚍莅遤佟穡圓欩荛剤䖎㢵㖒倰僽
♶锸僽⟃⭆ⵖꆀ䧴僽⟃ꆀⵖ⭆〫銴鋊ⷔ
Ⰽ鮨⚛遤畮溏⚺佟罏涸瘼殜罜㹁
㸤㊥莅㓂呔㛂遤鿪〳⟃麨ⵌ侮넓幾焬涸佪卓 荛倴㻜♳銴鼇乵⡦珏倰䒭《对倴鑪㖒⼦
04
鍑湨 Ώ
焬㹁⭆䗳갭剤佪麨䧭䱾ⵖ椕⼮影 ǖǽǚ˱ 湡垦 䨾䲿ⵌⵖ㹁焬㹁⭆剓ꅾ
佪䚍涸ꡠ耢呏亙⚆歲ꋓ遤涸灇 瑖㜡デ 15 ⠮皿捀✫銴麨ⵌ IPCC 䒊陾䱾ⵖ椕⼮影 ǖǽǚ˱ ⟃Ⰹ涸湡
垦椕焬⭆呔䥰㖈 2020 䎃麨ⵌ
160
140 130
湡⚆歲鄄盘ⵖ涸焬䱖佞ꆀ⫦
80
遤湡垦⭆呔涸㕜㹻⛳㼱倴 10 ⦐
60
㑙 10~30 繡⯋⛓ 16鸏Ⱖ⚥涸䊴
52
岁㕜
40
23 - 40
䠦晋貽
薊㿂ㆥ⧍嫲❏ 蚛貽
35
ⱺ䃋
20 - 35
⸈䭭㣐
32
䗞㕜
29
涸չ荩抓焬㹁⭆⛓鼇갪պ㜡デ
袖蟏暆
28
ⴕ區荩抓涸佟瘼岁鋊ㄤ欴噠暶䚍
⚸띋
24 - 28
秣銯貽
26
薊㕜
25
倛峫笞㽳❏薊㿂ㆥ⧍嫲❏
20
20
鷷恸㟞⸈荛 2030 䎃 98 繡⯋涸宐彋
銯棵暆繡㕜⸈䊝⸈䭭㣐뇷⻍⯘
18
湱殹倴䖰倞荩䍤 280 ⯋㟞荛 2,800
16
⨞ⴀꟀ劍涸幾焬鋊ⷔ⟃剤佪꣮⡜
9
ꯓ㕜
䬘膨笞❏
14
⯋鷴麕僈焷涸黃㟞騟䖜雊噠罏
荩抓
10
侮넓焬䱖佞䖊堥ⵖ⨴䖕ⱄ⢵罌
6
ꆚ㼩焬㹁⭆顥겙邍爚嫦㑙焬秉铭䗚
<1 - 3
⽂ꬌ
倞⸈㗗 㟯銯ㆥ 傈劥
3
倞 100 ⯋倞荩䍤 㼩嫲㕜ꥹ涸
䠦尪㽳❏
2
捦⯘貽岚貽
<1 0
LSE 灇瑖䒊陾⧩
ㆥ⧍嫲❏兰ⵄ傈劥匌❩
4
19
焬顥饱⭆嫦㑙 10 繡⯋
呏䒄
5
䣂焬❜僒䋑㜥⡎㣾⡦橇⥃縭湡
焬㹁⭆涸⡲欽
湖喀㜄
36
17
焬㹁⭆宐彋䛌搂岁㻜植չ剤佪պ
姘湅 榰㡦
39
(London School of EconomicsLSE)
䖜话㕬䖰嫦㑙 10 繡⯋饱騥
蓸貽 䮱㪮
50 46
呏亙薊㕜⧍侚佟竤㷸ꤎ
18
62 - 73 4 - 69
50
騅僽ぐ㕜佟䏎❒酢駈⛓䚊
僈焷䒊陾焬㹁⭆䗳갭剤幢嘽涸騟
佅侚倛涬榰㡦
2021
㕬✳խぐ㕜焬㹁⭆㻜遤植屣莅⚆歲ꋓ遤䒊陾湡垦 15
05
䎃湡垦 2040
♳⥜荛嫦㑙 130~160 繡⯋䩞駈㣁
Ⱖ➮㖒⼦兜麒涸焬㹁⭆衆倴嫦
101
䎃湡垦 2030
100
♶ⵌ㔋ⴕ⛓♧罜Ⱖ⚥麨ⵌ⚆歲ꋓ
榰Ⱙ
120
嫦 㑙 40~80 繡 ⯋2030 䎃 麨 ⵌ 嫦
㑙 50~100 繡⯋ⵌ 2050 䎃欩荛銴
137
䎃湡垦 2050
銴涸呍䗱㉏겗⤑僽⭆呔莅幾焬剤
繡⯋嫦㑙✳孻⻋焬殹ꆀ ( USD / tCO2e )
鍑湨 ΐ
剤佪焬㹁⭆佟䏎涸㛂遤对䗱ꂂざ
© Greenpeace
⽂ꯓ䊨噠寓厪
䍤 1,400~2,800 ⯋ ) ⟃♳涸焬玅 23⽂ꯓ竤뀿窍
莅荩抓ꁈ鵜涸⽂ꯓ傍㖈 2015 䎃⽰䲀ⴀ
糒姘湅⛓䖕椕痧✳㣐涸焬❜僒禺窡 (Korea
✫荩抓佟䏎ꅾ銴涸陪爚蕰佟䏎⫦捀㕬⟱噠
䏎갸劍㖈 2030 䎃腋幾焬 37% Ⱖ䋑㜥⭆呔
✲㣟侁涸焬㹁⭆佟瘼㼟搂岁剤佪幾焬
ⵄ渤罜顬搭⟃贡剤Ⱖ邍涸焬㹁⭆佟瘼侵遥✫
Emissions Trading Scheme, KETS)殹儘⽂ꯓ佟 20
⛳㢵㖈嫦㑙 20~40 繡⯋ ( 秉倞荩䍤 560~1,120
ず儘蕰荩抓䟝銴焬㹁⭆焷㻜涮䳸⸆佪
⯋ ) ⡎❀䎃麕⽂ꯓ焬䱖佞馸♶幾 ⿾⼮ 幀瑖Ⱖ⾲㔔涮植⾲⢵ KETS 㖈ⴲ劍
䗳銴鎎㹁痘ざ⚆歲ꋓ遤䒊陾涸剤佪焬⭆
焬䱖䤊阮窍⟱噠㼬荞㢵侸涸⟱噠⯝顥ꂂ겙
⛓麉铞䧴佟럛鰶剐罜贡䥰佦✲䧴鰋僒佞㻫垦
21
⚛⚂佟䏎剤㛚䓽涸㛂遤对䗱♶䥰㔔欴噠
5 䎃涸ꥣ媯佟䏎涮佞馄麕 97% ⟃♳涸⯝顥
彋䖰詎薊俒籏窡倴 2021 䎃⚆歲㖒椕傈㹒爚
鿪欽♶㸤 䋑㜥❜僒⛘➃㉏峸荈搭㽠尝剤 22
幾焬涸佪卓捀姽⽂ꯓ佟䏎䬸荞ぐ歲㓂⿐涸
2050 帩ꨫ焬䱖⟃⢵➠劢溏ⵌ湱ꡠ㋲⡙⨞ⴀ
ꆄ穉籽 (IMF) 䒊陾铭嫦㑙 50~100 繡⯋ ( 秉倞荩
㼟⽂ꯓ涸呪⢿䒸⟃捀Ꙥ⚛姻鋕㉏겗
㻜ꥹ佖隶莅倷佟笃蒀ㄤ䎂䋞劆荩抓佟䏎腋
䪡鐱㕜剚⛳剤陾㆞䲿ⴀ銴嫲撑㕜ꥹ顊䍤㛇
06
鍑湨 Α
麕⡜焬㹁⭆㼟㣟剤佪幾焬⡲欽 ꤑ✫⽂ꯓ⛓㢫姘湅涸焬❜僒禺窡 (EUETS)
䨔搭♶ず涸䥰㼩瘼殜䗞㕜㼩笃蒀腋彂鱲㘗
㽠㨥盘ⵖ⺫わ薊㕜㖈Ⰹ涸姘湅㕜㹻搭罜
㽠麨ⵌ✫ 340 ⭚姘⯋ ( 秉倞荩䍤 11,560 ⭚⯋ )
⡜鶵㣟腋涸䞕屣Ꟁ劍贖倴嫦㑙 5~8 姘⯋ ( 秉
倷涸겙㢫焬玅珖捀焬⭆呔佅䭰 (Carbon Price
♶䕥湬ⵌ 2018 䎃䖕䩞剤곏衽㔐⼮ⵌ 2021
㢫㞽넞♧⦐顥桧䖰 2013 䎃涸嫦㑙 5 薊煈 ( 秉
牺 ⴀ ✫ 넞 겙 酢 顦 䲃 倷 亙 ⠮ 鎙 ⯕ 2017 䎃 䏞
僽⚆歲♳剓傍䒊用涸⯓뀝⛓♧ 24䖰 2005 䎃
EUETS 涸⭆呔㖈娜竤 2008 䎃ꆄ輑邝鷎䖕ツ植
⡥㕜 1% GDP 28薊㕜僽䱰《⫦㕜Ⰹ㻜
27
倞荩䍤 175~280 ⯋ ) 涸⡜⭆ 25㼬荞盘ⵖ佪桧
Support, CPS)㖈⾲劥涸 EUETS 鋊眕⭆呔♳겙 倞荩䍤 230 ⯋ ) 䧭Ꟁⵌ 2016 䎃嫦㑙 18 薊煈 ( 秉
䎃嫦㑙 50~55 姘⯋ ( 秉倞荩䍤 1,675~1,840 ⯋ )
倞荩䍤 740 ⯋ ) 29CPS ⢪䖤湡薊㕜涸籏焬
涸宐彋 26ꅾ倞䭫㔐䱾ⵖ焬䱖涸腋⸂
⭆呔 (EUETS+CPS) 麨ⵌ嫦㑙秉 68 薊煈 ( 秉倞
㼩 EUETS 涸㣟腋㖈 2050 䎃帩ꨫ䱖佞
荩䍤 2,650 ⯋ ) 䊩〸
涸Ⱏず䪭開♴䗞㕜莅薊㕜Ⰽ⦐㕜㹻饥ぢ✫
© Greenpeace
笃蒀ㄤ䎂䫒陾䗞㕜佟䏎涸撌挧佟瘼灶㡏孵⦬莅橇㞯 07
㖈 EUETS 㣟腋劍涸 2013 荛 2017 䎃䗞
蠝㑙瀊瀊 5 䎃幾䱖 55%⚂敎撌涮ꨶ涸
䗞㕜ꨶ⸂鿈䨾鸤䧭䎃焬䱖⫦♴꣮✫ 13%
竤뀿䧮⦛〳穡锸ⴀ㖈幾焬䊨Ⱘ涸鼇乵♳
⢵荈敎撌涮ꨶ湬荛 2018 䎃䖕䩞ꦑ衽 EUETS
⚛⚂焬⭆呔涸넞⡜刿僽对㹁Ⱖ剤佪莅や涸
焬䱖佞ꆀ꣮䌴刿麨ⵌ✫ 82% 30⟃姘湅Ⰽ㕜涸
薊Ⰽ㕜ꨶ⸂鿈涸幾焬䧭卓剤僈곏涸䊴殯 䖰 326 涰蠝㑙荛 285 涰蠝㑙焬䱖佞ꆀ鵜Ⱄ䧭
僈곏剤佪焬㹁⭆嫲㋲秫涸넞겙酢顦刿剤⡲欽
涸㔐⼮罜剤鯱㣐䌴䏞幾䱖⿾錚薊㕜㖈ず劍
荞ꡠ꒳
涸ꨶ⸂鿈䎃焬䱖䖰 147 涰蠝㑙끐꣮荛 72 涰 涰蠝㑙✳孻⻋焬殹ꆀ (MtCO2e)
姘⯋ (Euro)
180
30 158
157
147
144 34 120
63
123
32
51
20
103 35 81
34 121
60 91
112
91
72 10
50
86
48
66 27
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
敎撌
薊㕜2010 - 2017
20
敎孵
2017 Ⱖ➮
焬⭆ 姘⯋ (Euro)
涰蠝㑙✳孻⻋焬殹ꆀ (MtCO2e) 400
40 313.1
310.2
32.2
30.1
300
320.8
325.7
27.5
24
312
304.4
21.8
21.9
303.5
283.3
28.6
269
30.4
219.5
33 260.2 246.1
267.1
256.1
249.3
246.7
240.6
30
29.8
200
100
0
219.6 157
20
10
207.9 0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017 敎撌
䗞㕜2010 - 2019
㕬♲խ薊㕜莅䗞㕜ꨶ⸂鿈焬䱖佞ꆀ莅焬⭆ꡠ⤚ 30 , 31
08
2018 敎孵
2019 Ⱖ➮
0 焬⭆
鍑湨 Β
剤佪焬㹁⭆♶〫幾焬刿Ⱟ곃 GDP 䧭Ꟁ 2018 䎃 榰 Ⱙ 籏 焬 䱖 佞 ꆀ ㄤ 1990 䎃 湱
蕰䲿ⵌ䊺㻜遤剤佪焬㹁⭆涸㕜㹻㖒⼦
⤑♶腋♶䲿榰Ⱙ⨞捀焬㹁⭆涸⯓뀝榰Ⱙ
嫲䊺幾㼱 27%갸鎙⟃榰Ⱙ涸佟瘼饥ぢ㖈
1990 䎃➿涸嫦㑙 26 繡⯋ ( 秉倞荩䍤 730 ⯋ )
頾焬㕜㹻 33 鼠鹎䖎㢵➃剚颶毠넞겙涸焬
2045 䎃㽠〳⟃麨ⵌ帩ꨫ䱖佞⚛⚂糒糵劊
ず儘⛳僽湡⚆歲♳焬㹁⭆剓넞涸㕜㹻䖰 饱⭆♧騟涮㾝ⵌ 2020 䎃儘涸嫦㑙 126 繡⯋
㹁⭆䗳㓂ꅾ꣖燘竤憘涮㾝⢪㕜㹻 GDP 㣐
⦬隶鼄陾겗♳♧湬僽䪐怵⯓遤罏涸錬蒀影
㹻GDP ♶⫦尝剤♴꣮鼩僽姘湅侮넓涸
( 秉倞荩䍤 3,530 ⯋ ) 32♶⯕㥶姽榰Ⱙ㖈孵
䌴徿衆⡎榰Ⱙ⨞捀⚆歲焬㹁⭆剓넞涸㕜 媯棵䖰 1990 䎃荛 2017 䎃㟞Ꟁ 78% 34Ⱖ
㹔孵넓鸤䧭椕⼮影涸灇瑖⛳僽歋榰Ⱙ㷸 罏 Svante Arrhenius 㖈 1896 䎃껷䏞䲿ⴀ㕜字
❮滚邍植〳娝⸆倴佟䏎㣐ꆀ䫏须笃腋欴噠
涮㾝焬㹁⭆涸爢剚佅䭰
涸腋彂佪桧㣐䌴䲿⼮䨾荞荩抓佟䏎䥰⦶ꖏ
㼩倴孵⦬陾겗涸兜麒넞䏞ꅾ鋕㤮㛇✫傍劍
佖㊥䒊眡瑠锅禺窡莅㛇燊❜鸒鏤倷㼟㕜 倴榰Ⱙ竤뀿佞♴䱾ⵖ焬䱖㼟剚꣖燘竤憘涸 鶵䙼湈⸂顐䗣笃腋鱲㘗
GDP 䧭Ꟁ
影㹔孵넓䱖佞ꆀ
⟃ 1990 䎃捀㛇彋 1990=100
㕬㔋խ榰Ⱙ GDP 鯱 1990 䎃㟞Ꟁ 35
09
© Greenpeace
榰Ⱙ笃蒀ㄤ䎂耢ざ殹㖒孵⦬遤⹛罏莅橇⥃穉籽⨞ⴀ遤⹛
鍑湨չ剤佪焬㹁⭆պ涸ꡠ꒳ 竸ざ♳鶤呪⢿⛓竤뀿〳⟃娝秝ⴀ焬㹁⭆㖈葻㥪㻜遤涸䲿♴僽剤佪涸幾焬䊨
Ⱘ㖈亼㹁焬㹁⭆佟瘼儘䥰䪾䳣⟃♴⾲
1.
焬㹁⭆顥桧㣁넞⚆歲ꋓ遤䒊陾 2020 䎃荛㼱麨嫦㑙 40
2.
⭆呔갭剤僈焷♳⼮涸刼箁
3.
佟䏎갭剤䓽捙㛂遤对䗱♶䥰㔔欴噠⛓麉铞䧴佟럛鰶剐
繡⯋䫔ざ秉 1,200 倞荩䍤焷⥃膨焬钸㔔䓽捙
罜鰋僒佞㻫佟瘼垦彋
10
荩抓䗳갭⸈鸠䲀遤չ剤佪焬㹁⭆պ⟃麨帩ꨫ䱖佞湡垦 幾焬湡垦衆䖕倴㕜ꥹ焬ꡠ玅遼乹⢵荆 湱鯱倴⯓鹎㕜㹻䖰 1990 䎃➿㽠㨥⡑㽷
顬僒⢵䖃㣐㕜⛳㖈鎣锸騈鹎㻜倷 38顬僒僽荩
莅盘椚岁ո莅㸽倰幾焬䪭開㼟幾焬湡垦鎎
㣎⠶꧱鼹顬僒籏겙麨ⵌ 505 ⭚姘⯋ ( 秉倞荩
荩抓黶荛 2015 䎃䩞껷䏞갼鎎շ影㹔孵넓幾ꆀ
抓竤憘ㄐ腠2019 䎃姘湅僽荩抓痧 4 㣐顬僒
捀 2030 幾 20%2050 幾 50%鸏垺涸湡垦곏
䍤 17,675 ⭚⯋ ) 39姘湅⛇荛倴繡傈ꯓ騈鹎涸
搭黇黇衆䖕倴㕜ꥹ 2050 帩ꨫ焬䱖涸㣐馸
焬ꡠ玅䲃倷䗳㼩倴荩抓ⴀ〡欴ㅷ莅㕜㹻
搂岁鶬鼚嵳䎂♳⼮瘞孵⦬⽭堥剓穅➠僽
GDP 鸤䧭蜓㣐涸遼乹
銴荩抓➃字Ⱏず䪭二
ꆚ㼩椕幾焬㠺⸂ㄤ焬ꡠ玅遼乹剓㥪涸
姽 㢫 㕜 ꥹ 捀 姺 焬 峾 怪 (Carbon
䥰㼩倰䒭㽠僽湈䘰㖈荩抓衆㻜剤佪焬㹁⭆佟
亼焬鼹㞯锅侮堥ⵖ (Carbon Border Adjustment
刿腋㣁昰《焬ꡠ玅涸鞓⯝奚 40笞䭰荩抓欴ㅷ
瘼剤佪焬㹁⭆♶⫦腋㣁㼩幾焬䌟⢵佪卓
Leakage) 36 ⟃麨ⵌ帩ꨫ䱖佞湡垦秼秼㨥灇
涸㕜ꥹ畹昰⸂幾鰋荩抓⟱噠欴ㅷⴀ〡涸焬
Mechanism, CBAM) 37姘湅 2023 䎃㼟桧⯓㨥
䧭劥
㼩馄麕焬䱖佞ꆀ涸ꬌ姘湅㕜㹻䗚佐鹎〡㉂ㅷ 焬ꡠ玅 ( 䧴珖焬鼹㞯玅 )罜繡傈ꯓ瘞莅荩抓
© Greenpeace
11
溫管法必須設定明確的
定價地板，儘快跟上國際 臺灣的減
氣候危機迫在眉睫，臺灣加入全球淨零排
定價制度，減
目標更
45%，2050年達到淨零排放；
定價明定價格地板和滾動式調升機制 。
府即開始溫管法修法的程序，提出新版的《氣
本次修法是臺灣跟上國際減
候變遷因應法》。但是目前的法條內容無論 目標或是
目標和
改為 2030年減
放陣線刻不容緩。自 2020 年底開始，臺灣政
在減
價水準
綠色和平呼
定價制定上，都遠不及國
政府加速修法，承擔起守護臺
灣環境未來的重要責任。
際水準。綠色和平建議本次修法應明確修訂
12
重要的一步，
罌须俲 01
荩抓涸峿宐担㹳 , 㖒椕猰㷸㕨㖒 , 㖒椕猰㷸俒來㛇ꆄ剚 (1998)
02
隶锅涸宐卓桬㕜 , 黇鋅꧹钟 (2017/2 剢 ) https://event.gvm.com.tw/201702_climate/
03
荩抓孵影㷎眏䗅橇涸Ꟁ劍隶鼄 , 㣐孵猰㷸 痧㔋⼧Ⱉ劍痧♲贫 (2018) http://mopl.as.ntu.edu.tw/web/ASJ/46/46-3-3.pdf
04
椕⼮影 1.5o C 暶ⴽ㜡デ , IPCC, 2018: Global Warming of 1.5o C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5o C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response 1, 1%" 1%/" 1 ,# )&* 1" % +$"Ǿ 0201 &+ )" !"3"),-*"+1Ǿ +! "ƛ,/10 1, "/ !& 1" -,3"/16 ȝ 00,+Ȓ ")*,11"Ǿ ǽǾ ǽ % &Ǿ ǽȒ ǽ ņ/1+"/Ǿ ǽ , "/10Ǿ ǽ (" Ǿ ǽ ǽ %2() Ǿ ǽ &/ +&Ǿ ǽ ,2#,2* Ȓ (& Ǿ ǽ ć +Ǿ ǽ &! , (Ǿ ǽ ,++,/0Ǿ ǽ ǽ ǽ 11%"40Ǿ ǽ %"+Ǿ ǽ %,2Ǿ ǽ ǽ ,*&0Ǿ ǽ ,++,6Ǿ ǽ 6 , (Ǿ ǽ &$+,/Ǿ +! ǽ 1"/Ɯ")! Ȟ
05
շ椕军⻋♴荩抓嵳䎂♳⼮ㄤ凐惐遼乹ⴕ區ո, 笃蒀ㄤ䎂 (2020)
06
ǚ ,+1/& 21&,+ ,# ,/(&+$ /,2-
1, 1%" &ƞ% 00"00*"+1 "-,/1 ,# 1%" +1"/$,3"/+*"+1 ) +") ,+ )&* 1" % +$"ǽ
07
Carbon dioxide equivalent, eurostat statistics explained. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Carbon_dioxide_equivalent
08
The Paris Agreement (2015) https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
09
&0 ) ,+&1,/Ǿ ,4 1, &1&$ 1" )&* 1" % +$"Ǿ țǗǕǖǞȜ %11-0ǿȡȡ444ǽ&*#ǽ,/$ȡʺȡ*"!& ȡ &)"0ȡ 2 )& 1&,+0ȡƜ0 )Ȓ*,+&1,/ȡǗǕǖǞȡ 1, "/ȡ +$)&0%ȡ1"51ǽ 0%5
10
Berdik, Chris "The unsung inventor of the carbon tax". The Boston Globe. (2014)
11
,+00,+Ǿ *2")Ȁ !01"!1Ǿ +!"/0Ȁ 0"+Ǿ )(" ȇ ,,(&+$ ( ,+ ǘǕ " /0 ,# / ,+ 5"0 &+ 4"!"+ȇǽ 5 ,2+! 1&,+ǽ țǗǕǗǕȜ
12
State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2020, World Bank (2020)
13
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Greenhouse_Gas_Initiative
14
https://slideplayer.com/slide/13695873/
15
"-,/1 ,# ,# 1%" &$%Ȓ)"3") ,**&00&,+ ,+ / ,+ -/& "0Ǿ ,/)! +( țǗǕǖǜȜ https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54ff9c5ce4b0a53decccfb4c/t/59b7f2409f8dce5316811916/1505227332748/CarbonPricing_ FullReport.pdf
16
Pricing carbon to achieve the Paris goals, Carbon Market Watch (2017) %11-0ǿȡȡ / ,+* /("14 1 %ǽ,/$ȡ4-Ȓ ,+1"+1ȡ2-), !0ȡǗǕǖǜȡǕǞȡ Ȓ Ȓ Ȓ Ȓ Ȓ Ȓ Ȓ Ț " Ț0-/" !Ț FINAL.pdf
17
https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Carbon-pricing-options-for-Taiwan.pdf
18
灇瑖곏爚㼩荩抓넞焬䱖㣐䨩罜鎊嫦㑙 10 繡⯋涸焬㹁⭆⫦䲿넞秉 6% 涸ꨶ⭆⿾䥰㖈欴ㅷ䧭劥♳♶麕⼪ⴕ⛓♧㼩⟱噠尝 剤㓂ꅾ㪮腙
19
https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/60660/epa-carbon-pricing
20
The Korea Emission Trading Scheme (2018) %11-0ǿȡȡ444ǽ ! ǽ,/$ȡ0&1"0ȡ!"# 2)1ȡƜ)"0ȡ-2 )& 1&,+ȡǙǛǞǝǗǖȡ(,/" Ȓ"*&00&,+0Ȓ1/ !&+$Ȓ0 %"*"ǽ-!#
13
罌须俲 21
,21% ,/" ǿ Ǘ ,2+1/6 /,Ɯ)"Ǿ 2/ 4,/)! &+ ! 1 https://ourworldindata.org/co2/country/south-korea
22
0 ,21% ,/" Ȇ0 *&00&,+ / !&+$ %"*" ƛ" 1&3"Ȅ + + )60&0 0"! ,+ 1%" /$&+ ) 1"*"+1 ,01 ,# , )Ȓ 2")"! ,4"/ ) +10Ǿ Sustainability (2019)
23
/,-,0 ) #,/ + +1"/+ 1&,+ ) / ,+ /& " ),,/ *,+$ /$" *&11"/0Ǿ țǗǕǗǖȜ
24
https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en
25
Causes of the EU ETS price drop: Recession, CDM, renewable policies or a bit of everything?ˌ "4 "3&!"+ "Ǿ +"/$6 ,)& 6Ǿ ,)2*" ǜǘǾ 1, "/ țǗǕǖǙȜ
26
EU ETS Data https://ember-climate.org/data/
27
DICE Consult, 2016. Kosten der Energiewende: Untersuchung der Energiewendekosten im Bereich der Stromerzeugung in den Jahren ǗǕǕǕ &0 ǗǕǖǚ &+ "210 %) +!ǽ 21 %1"+ &* 2ƞ/ $ !"/ +&1& 1&3" "2" ,7& )" /(14&/10 % ƞ ț Ȝǽ
28
https://countryeconomy.com/gdp/germany?year=2017
29
/ ,+ /& " ),,/ ț Ȝ +! 1%" -/& " 02--,/1 *" % +&0*Ǿ 3&! &/01 țǗǕǖǝȜ
30
ƛ" 1&3"+"00 ,# )&* 1" -,)& &"0ǿ / ,+ -/& &+$ 30ǽ 02 0&!&7&+$ /"+"4 )"0Ǿ ,2/+ ) ,# +3&/,+*"+1 ) ,+,*& 0 +! + $"*"+1 ǖǕǛ (2021)
31
"!"/ ) *&+&01/6 #,/ " ,+,*& ƛ &/0 +! +"/$6 https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Binaer/Energiedaten/energiedaten-gesamt-xls.xlsx?__blob=publicationFile&v=133
32
,,(&+$ ( ,+ ǘǕ " /0 ,# / ,+ 5"0 &+ 4"!"+Ǿ ,ǽ ǜǗǜ țǗǕǗǕȜ %11-0ǿȡȡƜ)"0ǽ1 5#,2+! 1&,+ǽ,/$ȡǗǕǗǕǕǞǗǞǖǗǖǜǕǛȡ ,,(&+$Ȓ (Ȓ,+ȒǘǕȒ " /0Ȓ,#Ȓ / ,+Ȓ 5"0Ȓ&+Ȓ 4"!"+Ȓ/"ǽ-!#
33
https://energy.mit.edu/podcast/negative-carbon-emissions/
34
4"!"+ǿ &$% / ,+ 5Ǿ 1/,+$ ,+,*& /,41%Ǿ )" + /,0-"/&16 țǗǕǗǕȜ https://cleanprosperity.ca/sweden-high-carbon-tax-strong-economic-growth/
35
,3"/+*"+1 ,ƛ& "0 ,# 4"!"+ %11-0ǿȡȡ444ǽ$,3"/+*"+1ǽ0"ȡ$,3"/+*"+1Ȓ-,)& 6ȡ1 5"0Ȓ +!Ȓ1 /&ƛ0ȡ04"!"+0Ȓ / ,+Ȓ1 5ȡ
36
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 焬屧怪
37
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Questions and Answers, European commission https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_21_3661
38
&!"+ 4 +1"! )&* 1" ))& + " 4&1% 2/,-"ǽ "Ȇ0 $"11&+$ Ɯ$%1Ǿ țǗǕǗǖȜ
39
2020 姘湅荩抓꧱鼹ꡠ⤚嚌屣 , 姘崎竤顬鳵✲贖 %11-0ǿȡȡ"" 0ǽ"2/,- ǽ"2ȡ0&1"0ȡ!"# 2)1ȡƜ)"0ȡǗǕǗǕȚ"2Ȓ1 &4 +Ț/") 1&,+0ǽ-!#
40
EU Green Deal (carbon border adjustment mechanism) https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12228-Carbon-Border-Adjustment-Mechanism/publicconsultation_en
14
㕬晚⢵彂 © Greenpeace
笃蒀ㄤ䎂遤⹛罏倴 2021 䎃 4 剢 20 傈㖈橇⥃縭邍麨鏰宠
劥㜡デ捀笃蒀ㄤ䎂匌❏ⴕ鿈荩⻍鳵Ⱇ㹔⟃♴矦珖չ笃蒀ㄤ䎂պ倴橇⥃Ⱇ渤䊨⡲⚥䕎䧭涸须俲ꠗ隡劥㜡デ⽰邍 爚䝡䊺ꠗ隡椚鍑⚛䱺「♴衽⡲奚ㄤ⯝顑耫僈哭妵涸秉勲锞钢溫ꠗ隡 衽⡲奚耫僈
劥㜡デ歋笃蒀ㄤ䎂涮⡑笃蒀ㄤ䎂僽劥㜡デ涸㈔♧ざ岁衽⡲奚䨾剤➃ ⯝顑耫僈
劥㜡デ⡲橇⥃Ⱇ渤ㄤ须鎝ⴕ❧湡涸⢪欽♶⡲捀Ⱇ滞⿻⟤⡦⼿⸂䑖㉂涸䫏须䧴对瘼涸罌笃蒀ㄤ䎂❠♶䪭二㔔姽 罜䒸涮涸湱ꡠ顑⟤劥㜡デ捀笃蒀ㄤ䎂㛇倴Ⱇ涸灇瑖倰岁ㄤぐ珏Ⱇ涸鎝䜂欴ⴀ涸灇瑖䧭卓笃蒀ㄤ䎂♶㼩㜡デ
⚥䨾嶍⿻须鎝涸⿻儘䚍彋焷䚍ㄤ㸤侮䚍⡲二⥃笃蒀ㄤ䎂僽♧⦐栬用涸椕䚍橇⥃穉籽荞⸂倴⟃㻜ꥹ遤⹛䲀⹛ 琎噲涸佖隶⥃隌㖒椕橇㞯莅⚆歲ㄤ䎂
㥶䝡剤⟤⡦㉏겗䧴䒊陾锞耢粯 inquiry.tw@greenpeace.org ⳿晛儗2021 䎃♫剢
笃蒀ㄤ䎂匌❏鳵Ⱇ㹔 ⴀ晝
㖒㖧10045 荩⻍䋑⚥姻⼦ꅾ䣔⽂騟♧媯 109 贫 ꨶ鑨+886 (2) 2361-2351
⥌盳inquiry.tw@greenpeace.org