REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO POLITÉCNICO “SANTIAGO MARIÑO” EXTENSIÓN SAN CRISTÓBAL
PRODUCED BY:
EDWING ALEJANDRO VELASCO MEDINA C.I – 25.792.351 ENGLISH I
CONTENT PREPOSITIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………………
I
ADVERVIAL CLAUSES…………………………………………………………………………………………….
3
2
3
Adverbial clauses of result The Adverbial clauses of result
ve
USE OF subordinat PREPOSITIONS e
The prepositionssentences) are a class of words that are those usually indicate spatial and temporal relations that will (Space: under the table /. Prepositions are serve to usually combined with a complement to form a express prepositional phrase. the result
the result of the The prepositions can perform different functions: action indicated - To serve as a link between two words or in the main different elements in the sentence: sentence.
see you five o'clock main An adverbialI'llclause isThe a at dependent of the clause that linkers functions as an adverb; That is, the whole clause modifies a - They can accompany a verb asall a link to it used to serving verb, an adjective or another adverb. As with clauses, its complement. In athis case, they may the notsubject alter as introduce contains a subject and predicate, although the meaning of the verb or alter it with what this can typesometimes of well as the verb (predicate) be omitted and constitutes sentence a(see distinct word. implied below). are the following: An adverbial clausenot is commonly, but not always, To look (does alter the meaning of the headed verb) by a subordinate conjunction - sometimes called a trigger word. (In theTo following examples the adverbial clauseofisthe italicized look after (to change the meaning verb) and the subordinate conjunction is bold.) - When we put a verb after a preposition, in
Mary, the aspiring actress, she saw the English normally the was formupset 'ing' as is soon used as and not casting list. the infinitive. (Subject: hernot predicate: saw the casting list, the clause You should go to India without visiting the Taj POSITION modifies the OF verbTHE became) Mahal. PREPOSITIONS
Peter Paul, the drama master, met with Mary after arriving at thethey nextare class. Generally, placed
noun or thereached pronoun, (Subject before explicit:the she, predicate: the next class., in thethe following cases: the verb met;) Predicate except (verb): wine, clause modifies A.) With the relative pronoun, He spoke carefully to look fair. when followed by preposition, it He spoke carefully so that ... [that "he"] would seem fair. can be placed in the final position. (Implicit subject, he, omitted, predicate (verb): appears, clause modifies the adverb carefully)
The girls I study with (for: The The boy preferred the whom ferocious dinosaurs, like T rex. girls with I study) The boy ferociousphrases dinosaurs, as was T rex. B.)preferred In interrogative
when they begin with an interrogative pronoun: Who were you speaking to? (Instead of: To whom were you speaking?) 4
For: Following a verb ending in "-ing", it will serve to talk about the purpose or function of an object. Example: We use a thermometer to measure the temperature. That is to say, it is a question of the purpose with which a certain object has been designed or constructed. On the other hand, we can use "for" followed by a noun just to talk about the purpose or purpose of a given action, as in this example: We went to the restaurant to (for the purpose or purpose of) dinner.
5
Usually, we can use all three forms indistinctly, but only in affirmative sentences, since in negatives it is not common to use "to". The only difference between them is that "in order to" and "so as to" are a little more formal. They will always be followed by a verb in infinitive. Let's look at examples: I went to Madrid to learn Spanish. I went to Madrid to learn Spanish. I went to Madrid in order to learn Spanish. As we have seen, there is no variation of meaning, which is why any of these sentences could be translated as: I went to Madrid to learn Spanish. As for negative sentences (precisely where the use of "so as to" and "in order to" is more frequent), its structure will be as follows: "so as not to" + infinitive or also "in order not to" Infinitive
So that / In order that: "So that" is much more common. Both will also serve to express purpose, with the particularity that they will not be followed by an infinitive, but a clause. We will use them in the following cases: A) Whenever the subject of the main sentence and that of the subordinate are different: I'm saving money so that my daughter can / will go to university It is essential to pay attention to the time in which the main verb appears. So: We have seen that if the main verb is present, present perfect or future, we will use in the subordinate "so that" + "will", "can" or present simple, but ... If the main verb goes in past, past perfect or conditional, we will use in the subordinate "so that" + "would" or "could": I saved money so that my daughter could / would go to university B) When the final sentence is negative: I hurried so I would not miss the train C) When the verb of the subordinate sentence is a modal verb: I'm learning Spanish so that I can work in Argentina
6