REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO POLITÉCNICO “SANTIAGO MARIÑO” EXTENSIÓN SAN CRISTÓBAL
PRODUCED BY:
KRISTIAN JOSUE ORTEGA VARGAS C.I – 24.338.494 ENGLISH I
CONTENT PREPOSITIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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ADVERVIAL CLAUSES…………………………………………………………………………………………….
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USE OF PREPOSITIONS The prepositions are one of the parts of English that it is more difficult to learn to the speakers of Spanish language because the direct translation is often impossible. Prepositions can be translated differently according to the situation or the context of their use. Therefore it is advisable to memorize the different variations and uses depending on whether we speak of prepositions of place, movement or time. We will see that many of the prepositions are repeated in the different sections.
The prepositions different functions:
can
perform
- To serve as a link between two words or different elements in the sentence: I'll see you at five o'clock - They can accompany a verb serving as a link to its complement. In this case, they may not alter the meaning of the verb or alter it with what constitutes a distinct word.
To look (does not alter the meaning of the verb) To look after (to change the meaning of the verb) - When we put a verb after a preposition, in English normally the form 'ing' is used and not the infinitive. You should not go to India without visiting the Taj Mahal.
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I am interested in studying psychology.• Gardening rather interested public and private fences or enclosures, spaces such as parks and gardens. • The landscaping is interested in open spaces enclosed with fences and an open space with no fence or wall, such as squares, networks of parks, green belts and wild places.
Types of prepositions AboutbelowFrom overUponabovebesideInsinceWithAfterBetwee nintoThroughWithoutAtBylikethroughoutAm ongbutneartill = untilbeforedownofToBehindExceptoffUnderBeneathforonup
POSITION OF THE PREPOSITIONS Generally, they are placed before the noun or the pronoun, except in the following cases: A.) With the relative pronoun, when followed by preposition, it can be placed in the final position. The girls I study with (for: The girls with whom I study) B.) In interrogative phrases when they begin with an interrogative pronoun: Who were you speaking to? (Instead of: To whom were you speaking?)
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Adverbial clauses of result The
clauses of result (consecutiv e subordinate sentences) are those that will serve to express the result of the action indicated in the main sentence. The main linkers used to introduce this type of sentence are the So + clause : I was exhausted, so I went to bed at 9 p.m following:
So + adjetivo / adverbio + that + clause: I was so tired that I went to bed at 9 pm. As a result + clause: We left too late. As a result, we m issed the train Therefore + clause: It means "therefore", "consequently", "then"… Such + a / an + adjetivo + sustantivo en singular + that + clause: It was such a boring film that I fell asleep – Such + adjetivo + sustantivo en plural / sustantivo incontable + that + clause: They were such hard working people thatthey soon got promoted. – So much (o “m any” para sustantivos contables) + sustantivo + that + clause: There were so many people there that they couldn't all fit in the room Such that / In such a way that: We will also serve to express an outcome, albeit in academic or very formal contexts: Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means
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AD VE RB IA L CL AU SE S OF P UR PO SE For: Following a verb ending in "-ing", it will serve to talk about the purpose or function of an object. Example: We use a thermometer to measure the temperature. That is to say, it is a question of the purpose with which a certain object has been designed or constructed. On the other hand, we can use "for" followed by a noun just to talk about the purpose or purpose of a given action, as in this example: We went to the restaurant to (for the purpose or purpose of) dinner.
Usually, we can use all three forms indistinctly, but only in affirmative sentences, since in negatives it is not common to use "to". The only difference between them is that "in order to" and "so as to" are a little more formal. They will always be followed by a verb in infinitive. Let's look at examples: I went to Madrid to learn Spanish. I went to Madrid to learn Spanish.
So that / In order that: "So that" is much more common. Both will also serve to express purpose, with the particularity that they will not be followed by an infinitive, but a clause. We will use them in the following cases: A) Whenever the subject of the main sentence and that of the subordinate are different:
I went to Madrid in order to learn Spanish.
I'm saving money so that my daughter can / will go to university
As we have seen, there is no variation of meaning, which is why any of these sentences could be translated as: I went to Madrid to learn Spanish.
It is essential to pay attention to the time in which the main verb appears. So:
As for negative sentences (precisely where the use of "so as to" and "in order to" is more frequent), its structure will be as follows: "so as not to" + infinitive or also "in order not to" Infinitive
We have seen that if the main verb is present, present perfect or future, we will use in the subordinate "so that" + "will", "can" or present simple, but ... If the main verb goes in past, past perfect or conditional, we will use in the subordinate "so that" + "would" or "could": I saved money so that my daughter could / would go to university B) When the final sentence is negative: I hurried so I would not miss the train
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