P O R T F O L I O
2 Pendergast Rare Books Library 12 Communal Independence Living Center 20 Marvin Rectangle 30 Nicodemus Interpretive Center 46 Do You Know Where You Are?
Architectural design is a Socio-economic development in daily life. Architecture is a balance between analysis, context, and aesthetics developed through the study of people who use the artform effeciently. We design to serve the people that use it, not the ones who design it.
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Pendergast Rare Books Library Quality Hill District Kansas City, Missouri grad: fall 2010 | 12 weeks
3 This is a Museum[.] A museum of literature. Books, manuscripts, maps, and magazines is what it holds. They are all pieces of art intended to be held and viewed at a personal level. Just as a book is to be held and flipped through, the building should have the same aspiration. You should want to go up to it, touch it and have a feeling of connection with it, because the eye doesn’t always tell you what you need to know. Just as a book appears solid when closed, a building appears in the same manner, bringing a level of mystery to mind. You read a book to find out what the story is all about, just as you do with a building. From the exterior you look at it and touch it but never know what it is really all about until you explore the layers within. The deeper you go the more you become one with the story and this is one level which this museum can bring. Ask yourself this, why would a building want to expose its interior?
A book never tells you the story before you read it. It may give you a glimpse of what is to come, but it will never give you the outcome without forcing you to read it, just as a building should do the same. A building needs a sense of presence to it, especially those which want an attraction of people. Two things which give the museum presence is its shear scale in relation to its contextual surroundings and the floating beam of light which sits atop the structure. People are drawn to light and the idea of a floating beam of light at the top of a building gives a level of mystery to keep people wondering what might house the beam. It’s the enlightening process of opening and reading a book which draws you to this museum. Understand that this is a place where pieces of forgotten or lost work can be read in a private or more intimate setting. So, don’t just view a library as a library, look at it as an intimate museum.
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Bookstore Level
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Forum_Entertainment Space
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Pendergast Rare Books Library
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Existing view up 11th Street
South Elevation
Existing view at project site
Forum_Gallery Space
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Levels 3|5|7
Levels 4|6
Sky Garden
Legend 1 Bookstore 2 Forum Space 3 Collapsible Stage 4 Bookstore Storage 5 Forum Storage 6 Entry 7 Coat Room 8 Director’s Office 9 Curator’s Office 10 Librarian’s Office 11 Book Preservation 12 Workroom 13 Rare Books Library 14 Gallery 15 Reading Room 16 Conference Room 17 Sky Garden 18 Restroom
Existing view down Pennsylvania Street
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6 Pendergast Rare Books Library 11th Street View
East Elevation
7 Pendergast Rare Books Library
a b c d
Structure 10” Concrete Columns 12” Concrete Ramp System Cable Suspension Top Hat Truss Concrete Foundation Walls Concrete Stair & Elevator Shafts
Section B|B
Program Gallery Rare Books Library Administration Bookstore Conference Room Reading Room Forum Sky Garden
Egress (x) Occupied Point Common Path Exit Access Common Path Exit Path Egress Path Exit Discharge
Pendergast Rare Books Library
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Pendergast Rare Books Library
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10 Pendergast Rare Books Library
Many eyebrows have been raised at the [blankness] of the western concrete facade, but in fact it is the beauty of the concrete that transforms from day to night that raises even more eyebrows. In response, it is not a lack of attention or detail, it is just the opposite. The blankness comes to life I say. There are a number of possibilities that the people of the community can now utilize the [blank] facade for. Treat it as you would a quilt, add pieces to it as you go. Let’s expand the creativity of the public, let’s bring people to Quality Hill. This facade can do this, everything from movie screenings and light shows, to displaying artwork, the beauty of graffiti, or even the magic of a childish shadow puppet shows will bring an active culture to Quality Hill. All this can be viewed from as close as the park across the street or as far away as the drive coming into Kansas City up highway 670. So I say it is not blank, it is beauty, it is creativity, it is an evolving surface.
Pendergast Rare Books Library
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Communal Independence Assisted Living Center Lawrence, Kansas grad: fall 2009 | 5 weeks
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Activity
The growing population of the elderly community in Lawrence, Kansas has forced designers to think about the aging generation. Designers should begin to think about the needs of the elderly and consider developing healthier and safer environments for the aging residents of Lawrence, Kansas. All too often the elderly are placed in nursing homes where they tend to live their final days, and don’t receive much interaction with the outside world. Instead of placing the elderly into nursing homes, we need to encourage the evolution of assisted living centers where activities and involvement become a part of daily life. Designers need to focus more on the interactive activities, exercise, social development, and memory enhancing activities. The focus for the assisted living center was human interaction through connection of the outdoor/indoor living environment while maintaining a higher quality of independent living. The strong views facing Learnard Avenue were
treated with care so residents will receive the most indirect interaction of outdoor space along with passerby’s of the community. The private living quarters have a direct relationship with orientation and layout. Each unit comes with a naturally lit private bath, full dressing area, sleeping quarters, and meditation/reading spot. All reading locations maintain an eastern view towards the street to keep the indirect interaction alive. To reinforce the idea of designing the eastern reading locations, an elderly woman was found saying “when I am old, I will dwell at the windowsill near a family genealogy”. The form of the reading space was designed with morning light considered. Most elderly individuals wake early in the morning, so the curvature of the wall allows a nice flow of natural light into the space.
Communal Independence Assisted Living Center
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15 Communal Independence Assisted Living Center
The play of light and shadow from the overhead canopy is a direct reflection from the interior ceiling patterns. Mental stimulation is a key factor in the aging community and the activity space towards the street provides a nice stimulator for the residents.
16 Communal Independence Assisted Living Center
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Legend 1 Outdoor Living 2 Communal Space 3 Kitchen/Dining 4 Laundry 5 Staff Entertainment 6 Resident Quarter’s 7 Office 8 Den/Living Space 9 Indoor Garden 10 Spa Room
North | South Section 8 6
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Communal Independence Assisted Living Center
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Communal Independence Assisted Living Center
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Communal Independence Assisted Living Center
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Marvin RectANGLE School of Architecture, Design, and Planning University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas grad: summer 2010 | 3 weeks
21 The School of Architecture, Design and Planning at the University of Kansas has been in need of a Lecture Hall for years. There was a very unique and limited program in how the structure could connect to the existing masonry structure. The idea was to cause as little disturbance to the site as possible while maintaining a sense of context. There was a need for this structure to stand out, yet fit in and this is where I found the context to be very important in the design process. Most of the University buildings hold stone facades to maintain the historic presence, but this wasn’t going to work with trying to push the envelope. With the existing bridge between Marvin Hall and the Art & Design building having a mirrored black glass facade, I found this as an ample opportunity to play off of that. Creating a lively space for students outside of the auditorium was another key element to consider, so researching
elevated structures was a great starting point. The Ontario College of Art and Design quickly became a precedent for the auditorium, lifting the auditorium in the air by use of stilts would allow for a more functional space programmatically while providing an outdoor lounge space. The use of stilts became the most elegant and functional way to support the auditorium while still allowing for useful student space below. The stilts would quickly become more than just a supporting structure though. Pulling air in through the ground and then up into the core of the stilts would provide a natural ventilation process to occur which can become a concern for auditorium spaces. The ground temperature air would help control the indoor air quality, in conjunction with a living green screen on the south facade. The screen provides for distilled lighting in the summer while helping heat the space in the winter.
22 marvin rectANGLE Site Context The Marvin Auditorium addition is proposed to be placed at the rear of Marvin Hall, but with the existing structure being a historical building there were delicate considerations to be made concerning the style of the proposed building.
South Elevation
23 marvin rectANGLE N Circulation Plan
Daylighting Ventilation
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marvin rectANGLE
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27 marvin rectANGLE Transparency layers of screen
Green Screen Air Circulation
Wall Section | Green Screen
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marvin rectANGLE
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Nicodemus Interpretive Center Nicodemus, Kansas grad: spring 2012 | 15 weeks
Parti
Symmetry
Geometry
31 There are historic towns all across the nation that are being depleted. The town of Nicodemus is the oldest and last remaining African-American settlement town west of the Mississippi. With only seventeen residents remaining in the town, officials wanted to develop a town interpretive center to help save and resurrect the town of Nicodemus. The design for the interpretive center integrates the present town and the nearby landscape with new structures and landscape development. The integration is intended to enhance visitors’ and community members’ understanding of Nicodemus’ historical importance (nationally and regionally), the present culture that has sprung from this legacy and to facilitate Nicodemus’ cultural, environmental and economic sustainability. There was a presence to be made and in a BIG way. The 100 foot cantilever hovering over the highway makes as
BOLD a statement as possible to those driving under it down the two lane highway. The idea is to get any and every one to stop and check out this historic town. A floating color changing box protruding through the top and bottom of the cantilever should attract enough attention to the typical passer-by. While the structure is a bit extravagant for the small town of Nicodemus, the people which inhabit the town want the center to stand out in a major way. They feel that something like this structure will help bring people back into the town not only as tourist, but as a new resident.
Nicodemus Interpretive Center
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Nicodemus Interpretive Center
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34 Nicodemus Interpretive Center
Legend 1 Welcome Center 2 Lobby 3 Exhibition 4 Store 5 Mechanical Room 6 Storage 7 Office 8 Conference Room 9 Lounge 10 Equipment Room 11 Exhibition Workroom 12 Media Room 13 Janitorial 14 Archives & Reading 15 Auditorium 16 Cafe 17 Outdoor Seating
Entry Level
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EGRESS a (1) = 180’; (2) = 170’ b (1) = 250’; (2) = 240’ c (1) = 220’; (2) = 161’
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AUDITORIUM T.O.S 48’ - 6” INTERPRETIVE T.O.S 44’ - 0”
MAIN LEVEL 26’ - 0” GIFT SHOP-LEVEL 2 13’ - 0”
Section C|C
ENTRY LEVEL 0’ - 0”
36 Nicodemus Interpretive Center Structure
Egress
HVAC
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AUDITORIUM T.O.S 48’ - 6” INTERPRETIVE T.O.S 44’ - 0”
MAIN LEVEL 26’ - 0” GIFT SHOP-LEVEL 2 13’ - 0” ENTRY LEVEL 0’ - 0”
Section D|D
37 Nicodemus Interpretive Center A
B 2' - 4"
C 13' - 1"
D 53' - 0"
E 13' - 1"
F 27' - 8"
AUDITORIUM T.O.S 48’ - 6” INTERPRETIVE T.O.S 44’ - 0”
MAIN LEVEL 26’ - 0” GIFT SHOP-LEVEL 2 13’ - 0” ENTRY LEVEL 0’ - 0”
Section B|B
38 Nicodemus Interpretive Center
1 galvanized metal coping, tpo roofing
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membrane, ice and water shield board, 2x wood blocking
2 triangular steel bracing to support
kalwall and parapet
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3 tpo roofing membrane, 5/8” ice and
water shield, 2x metal stud framing with polyiso insulation attached to triangular steel framing
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AUDITORIUM T.O.S 48’ - 6”
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4 tpo roofing membrane, tapered
insulation, 5” concrete on metal deck, open web steel joist @ 5’-0” o.c. on wide flange steel framing (intumescent mastic fire-resistive coating)
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drawings for details)
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INTERPRETIVE T.O.S 44’ - 0” 12 7
9 tpo roofing membrane, 5/8“ ice and
water shield board, stud framing with insulation, led lighting cavity, stud wall system to top of steel, 5/8” gypsum board
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insulation, 5” concrete on metal deck, open web steel joist @ 5’-0” o.c. on wide flange structural steel
11 operable louver system for cross
ventilation purposes - at parapet and at top of interior window wall
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12 metal stud wall, 5/8” gypsum board 13 verndale truss system 14 exterior - curtain wall system with
metal panel system at top and bottom with viewing glass in between, interior - window wall with a 42” base metal stud construction wall
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15 double kalwall system with led
lighting cavity in between, verndale truss runs between the kalwalls 19
16 (3) 1/2” structural glass floor
panels attached to prefabricated steel supports
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17 5” painted concrete on metal
decking, open web steel joists @ 5’-0” o.c. on structural steel framing
18 finished gypsum board on insulated
metal stud framed wall
19 spray-on insulation wrapped around
all areas which would be exposed to air
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21 glazing system attached to kalwall
system and finished stud wall
double layer of 5/8” exterior grade gypsum board
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22 suspended metal framing system
insulated
thermal barrier Moisture barrier
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Nicodemus Interpretive Center
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structural steel tube truss wrapped with insulation and site fabricated galvanized metal to match color of truss perforated corten screen for vegetation attached to steel truss galvanized metal coping, tpo roofing membrane, ice and water shield board, 2x wood blocking tpo roofing membrane, tapered insulation, 5” concrete on metal deck, open web steel joist @ 5’-0” o.c. on wide flange steel framing (intumescent mastic fire-resistive coating), insulated metal stud ceiling, 5/8“ exterior grade gypsum board truss penetration curb (minimum 8” high) to wrap around insulated truss with sealant between truss and metal coping stainless steel perforated panel with metal brackets
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2x insulated metal stud wall to continue the line of the curtain wall
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metal plate to attach truss to top of primary steel beam structure
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structural steel truss system penetrated through floor and roof systems (steel is fireproofed with intumescent mastic fireresistive coating)
10 angled curtain wall system to attach to metal truss system 11 stainless steel perforated panel with metal brackets attached to 2x metal stud wall system, 5/8“ exterior grade cement board wrapped up and over wall 12 5” painted concrete on metal decking, open web steel joists @ 5’-0” o.c. on wide flange steel beams 13 steel channel welded to wide flange beam to attach metal stud wall to 14 suspended metal framing system, double layer of 5/8” exterior grade gypsum board 15 concrete foundation for steel truss system with rebar (we have no clue on how big ass this should be) 16 reflecting pool to be lined with waterproofing membrane 17 steel plate system attached to concrete footing
Thermal Barrier Moisture Barrier
41 Nicodemus Interpretive Center
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Detail B.2 (Cafe)
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Do You Know Where You Are? A Look Into Wayfinding and Signage
School of Architecture, Design, and Planning University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas grad: fall 2012 | 15 weeks
47 Since becoming disabled and needing to use a wheelchair in late 2010, I found myself having to locate different entrances to buildings than before. From that moment on I didn’t view things quite the same. I often find myself using a rear entrance or not using one at all because the space is not accessible. Unfortunately the one thing I found more disturbing than anything was the misinterpretation of signage within a building. The times we live in now you would think things of such nature would be unacceptable, but it is not, even for an environment as widely used as a college campus. So when I returned to school in January of 2012, I found that things were not as easy as I thought they might be. While the staff, in particular Architectural Chair made every accommodation work for me, there were so many other issues that I knew he could not tackle. He switched my studio space to make life a bit easier, made sure I had a desk that
met my needs, and even made sure I could readily access the printers from anywhere I wanted, but when it came to things like restroom accessibility, parking accessibility, or even something as simple as entering the front entrance of a building, this was just out of his control. The average person may not think about some of the issues I have brought forth, in particular the front entry where someone like myself who no longer has that option will think about it. Regardless if some people realize it or not, any individual whether they disabled or not wants to be treated like everyone else. I couldn’t quite understand how a public environment could be so confusing to many individuals. If we were to enter most buildings on campus especially those deemed to be accessible; there is a lack of signage which translates to a lack of understanding or ignorance. This is unacceptable in modern times for an environment which is used by tens of thousands of people every day.
So something as simple as a sign can make or break one’s perception of a space, and with the lack of signage or misleading signage posted across campus, people tend to become frustrated, anxious, and lost. What most people don’t realize is that there are individuals in the world, many which are attending college on a daily basis which live with some form of disability which contributes to them losing their way. This forces them to either have plan multiple steps ahead or causes them to run behind. Not everyone can remember the steps they took the previous time and it is at no fault of their own. This is where signage can take a huge burden off of one’s shoulders, in helping navigate the user in an efficient manner.
48 Do You Know Where You Are?
Signage and wayfinding is nothing new. Over the past several thousand years we have found it safer and more productive if we had signs posted to help navigate us through any environment. The use of landmarks has been used as a process in the evolution of wayfinding. When we travel through an environment of any kind, we tend to use key photographic memory queues to help distinguish our surroundings. With our expanding culture, we started to form cities, towns, developments, and communities, which resulted in an expansion of humans understanding of environment. With this said, our history has shown that we have developed patterns to help navigate people through an environment in more efficient ways. “As more people became literate, signs written in a verbal language became increasingly important to society. This really became important when mankind entered the mass transportation age. The ability to move people in mass created numerous problems not just in streets and byways, but in buildings and structures where people visited and conducted business.”1 As a culture we had to start calling on professionals to plan our systems with the increasing size of our cities, towns, and even buildings. It’s time for a change Our culture started to demand more of us. They wanted the visual clues to be more aesthetically pleasing, while demanding that the process was led in a forward direction. “The Bauhaus movement not only effected design, but also sought to change the way designers were educated. Typography, color and layout were integrated completely into the curriculum, as well as navigation through complex structures.” Around the 1980’s, all of this changed with the introduction of Environmental Graphic Design (EGD). The signage and wayfinding was no longer a piece of the architectural profession, but a piece of the design world. It became a specialized field of study with environmental graphics leaping outside the realm of the architectural profession, and caused a break of professions within the educational sense. Now wayfinding and signage would be considered a part of the schools of design rather than architecture. These new designers began to study the work of Kevin Lynch and more importantly his book titled “Image of the City” (1960), which became a quick iconic piece of how we understand the built environment. Lynch coined the term “wayfinding” in his book to further describe his five essential elements of environmental understanding; paths, nodes, landmarks, edges, and districts.
49 Do You Know Where You Are? Kevin Lynch’s 5 Elements
What is a sign? A sign is a way of conveying information about direction, location, and safety. Signage systems are one of the most effective tools for people who are unfamiliar with their surroundings. They individuals may feel anxious, confused, lost, or nervous, which all have an impact on a person’s ability to navigate an environment. A successful sign system will minimize anxiety and confusion, and is easy to understand, even for people with a visual impairment. Signs should be: clear, concise, consistent. Four sign groups • Information signs – main signs for orientation • Directional signs – direct users to destinations using arrows and text • Identification signs – located at destination point to indicate a room, service, etc • Safety, fire safety and mandatory signs – warning or prohibition signs A good signage system will work in conjunction with the orientation clues provided. These include: approach, entrance/exit, main lobby or reception, communal facilities, departments/offices, fire exits, and parking/garages. Signage Types There are four categories of signs identified in today’s wayfinding systems. (1) Identification, (2) Directional, (3) Informational, and (4) Safety and Security. Signs within each of these categories can be include text, pictograms, maps, photographs, models, and diagrams. Users in an environment tend to observe, read, learn and comprehend the space and the wayfinding system implemented.
50 Do You Know Where You Are?
University of Kansas Existing Signage Through my research I was beginning to realize that wayfinding was more than just a sign in space, but the key element of navigating an environment are the visual clues you receive. Without a doubt signage is the most effective and efficient element of a wayfinding system, helping guide users through the environment. This is especially important for the first time user, as all too often they have no idea of where to go when they enter a building. With this said, I decided to take a stroll through both Marvin Hall, and the Art & Design building to document what I found. Needless to say it was even a surprise to me what I found. The inconsistencies, lack of signage, misplacement of signs, missing content, hierarchical system of signs, and even neglect of current codes were not what I expected. While the codes state that certain elements of the building only have to meet the code at the time of last renovation, the user does not care about that. People, even more disabled people, expect to find that the signage needs to meet the standard of today’s code/living. If someone sees a sign for an accessible restroom, they expect to go into that restroom and all aspects of be accessible. As we will see, this was not the case in some locations. Within this chapter we will look into the signage posted throughout Marvin Hall and the Art & Design building on the University of Kansas’ campus. The first section of this chapter will focus on Marvin Hall and then the second half we will look into Art & Design, and compare the two.
Do You Know Where You Are?
51
Entry Points In trying to locate the accessible entrance to Marvin Hall, it becomes confusing because there are only two directional signs which are both hidden. One on the northwest corner away from the building and the other posted on a brick wall which is easily walked by.
Stair Identifiers Within Marvin Hall there are 5 different stair identifier signs. While the color and size of sign is consistent, the graphics, text, and placement of signs are all different.
Fire Alarm Identifiers There are 4 different fire alarm identifiers within Marvin Hall, and in numerous locations there are no signs.
Restroom Identifiers While all the restrooms in Marvin Hall are labeled with accessible symbols, none of the restrooms meet the current code, in particular the size of the “accessible� stall. The doors are too heavy, and the door knobs can be difficult for certain individuals to open the doors.
52 Do You Know Where You Are?
After completing an assessment of both Marvin Hall, I found the best solution to finding the users perception of wayfinding and signage was to develop a scenario based study. The main purpose of this study was to analyze information taken through visual and documented research of the human subject’s ability to navigate through a building in a state of little to no signage. The evaluation process will take the studied subjects written and recorded documentation, and apply it into a form that shows the average users abilities to navigate space. The studies will range in a diverse group of people with individuals with physical disabilities, to invisible disabilities (developmental disabilities), to visual impairments, to hearing impairments, to those without a disability at all. Some of the users who don’t live with a disability chose to complete the study in a wheelchair to get a full understanding of what kind of daily life experiences one might go through if they are permanently in a wheelchair. With twelve participants completing the scenarios, each one submitted a survey with responses to their findings in the study. After all the surveys had been submitted the information from the videos and surveys were then documented into a content analysis where specific elements of the study were looked at closely and compared how different factors effected the scenario study. Content Analysis After the completion of all the scenarios and surveys, the goal was to take all the information collected and break it down into a system which could be compared to one another. The first collection of data was the elapsed time for each destination point. Second was figuring out how many participants had to ask for assistance to locate those destination points. Third was a breakdown of the survey questions to figure out how useful the participants found the current wayfinding and signage and what they felt would improve the current system. After all the data was collected and put into an excel document, the process of further breakdown began to compare different groups within the study. I noticed during the study that individuals had different levels of anxiety, so this was one breakdown of the study. Others included male vs. female participants, the familiarity to the buildings, individuals who have disabilities vs. no disability, wheelchair users vs. non-chair users, and visible disabilities vs. invisible disabilities.
Accessible Entrance Sign 5
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Accurately Labeled Signage Signage Played a Role Graphic Symbols Help Colored Signage Helps Prefer Graphic/Text Signage Uniformity Amongst Signage Uniformity Would Help Digital Kiosk Would Help Tactile Lettering Expected Braille Expected
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Signs Were Easy to Read
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Signs Were Lit Properly
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“make sure there are plenty of maps around each floor and possibly outside of the building that tell you for sure entrances/exits, restrooms, accessible entrances/exits & restrooms, stairs, and which way the numbers go up and down.”
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2:05 “I had to ask a series of people to actually find just room 218 of Art & Design.”
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5 Hatch Reading Room
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7 Art & Design Room 103
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more labeling obama
challenging
overwhelmed
faster
0:20
organized
unorganized
8
103
2:00
inconsistent
contrast
12:10
7
what floor complicated
cluelessidentify reorient guessing directions
ridiculous landmarks
6
consistent romney maps destination
1:20
“managed to use some locations such as the cafeteria and offices as a way to help me identify my general location with respect to the area of the building.”
directory
5
s
n Sig ce an ntr le E nce sib ntra hair ces Ac nt C le E 9 rtme ssib epa cce re D 0 A ectu rchit 2 A pace dio S 1 Stu troom vin Res 2 Mar Room Reading 2 Hatch Design 4 Bridge to Art &
r nE lav ato r
Ele vato
2:25
11 Art & Design Room 218
esig
2:05
4
2 Art & Design Room
&D
3:05
3
2 Art & Design Re stroom 1 Ar t & Des ign Roo 1 Exi m 348 t/Are a of 2 M Refu arvin ge Sho 1 M p arv in
Art
2
4
2:10
er
vague
A 1
s ll U
terrible visible
3:30
wrong way
11
colors lost forgot hidden efficient
9 Art & Design Room 348
10 Exit/Area of Refuge
11 Marvin Shop
t/A
re
De Ar sig t& n De Ro Ar sig t& om n De Re 34 sig Art str 8 nR &D oo 1 oo m es m ign 1 Bri 1 Ro 03 dge om 1 to A 21 rt & 8 Hatc 4 De hR sig ead n 2 ing Roo Marv m in R 1 estr oom 1 Studi o Spa Archite ce 1 cture De partmen t Chair 2 Accessible Entrance 0 Accessible Entrance Sign 4
a
of
1:55
Graphic Symbols Help Colored Signage Helps
6
5
0
7
5
6
4
5
6
5
4
Prefer Graphic/Text Signage Uniformity Amongst Signage Uniformity Would Help Digital Kiosk Would Help Tactile Lettering Expected Braille Expected
2
Signs Were Easy to Read
2
Signs Were Lit Properly
5
Signs Should Meet Code
“it made me worry about the time I was spending wandering around and made me glad I was not heading to a class or a meeting - I would have been very late, through no fault of my own!”
2:15
2 Architecture Department Chair
3 Studio Space
4 Marvin Restroom
5 Hatch Reading Room
6 Art & Design Room 218
7 Art & Design Room 103
8 Art & Design Restroom
signs
discomfort
calm
why
218
give up nervous timely manner
damper what
wild goose chase brighter clarity
help
danger
lack of signs slower
orient
patterns
frustrating
easier
where am i
which way
here it is
useless
less
contrast
indicators
retrace exhausting
ridiculous landmarks
challenging
overwhelmed
where
intersection
more labeling obama
vague
organized
scarypeople
anxious nodes words
inefficient
grounded
difficult
uniformity
inconsistent
faster
2:00
Disability vs. No Disability
destination
hard
problems
cluelessidentify reorient guessing directions
3:35
1 Accessible Entrance
consistent romney maps
what floor complicated
random
“the only helpful features were when I happened upon a faculty office or student who I could ask directions.”
legible
rs
unorganized
103
0:40
11 Art & Design Room 218
12:50 2:10
2 Art & Design Room
1:00
se
directory
2 Art & Design Re stroom 1 Ar t & Des ign Roo 1 Exi m 348 t/Are a of 2 M Refu arvin ge Sho 1 M p arv in
2:30
lU
n Sig ce an ntr le E nce sib ntra hair ces Ac nt C le E 9 rtme ssib epa cce re D 0 A ectu rchit 2 A pace dio S 1 Stu troom vin Res 2 Mar Room Reading 2 Hatch Design 4 Bridge to Art &
4
ato r nE lav ato r
Ele v
11
esig
2:10
6
10
&D
3:30
9
Accurately Labeled Signage Signage Played a Role
“the signs I do recall certainly didn’t meet the 2010 ADA Standards.”
Art
3:30
2
8
1
“not everybody reads or reads well. I think symbols & text are important. Especially in case of crisis or other stress from the day, some people's bodies shut down partially and they can't function at 100% to just read everything and figure stuff out.”
4:45
1
7
2
5
7
Al
5
Accurate Signage Placement
6
3
3:05
4
1
5
3 Art & Design Elavator
1:55
11
3
Consistent Signage
2
s
9 10
2:15
1
iti e
8
21:30
Need for a Directory
2
4
a b il
7
1:40
Wayfinding system Useful
/ D is
6
3:40
0
4
vin
terrible visible
5
3:30
3:10
om ro om st Ro g n Re sig din De ea 8 R & M 21 rt tc h 1 om oA Ha Ro et g n 1 03 id ig m1 es Br o D o 2 & nR m Art sig 7 troo De s e & R rt ign 1 A 348 Des om o rt & R A 1 ign Des rt & uge 0 A ef R a of t/Are 1 Exi n Shop 1 Marvi Elevator vin 0 Mar ar
U s ers w
4
2:20
7
wrong way
3
0
R
Time to Destination
2
2
5 Ac ce 0 ss Ac ible ce En ss Ar tra ible ch 0 nc it St eS En ec ud tra ign tu re io nc e De Sp pa ac rtm e en tC ha ir
r 1 ato 1 lav tor nE 1 va sig Ele op De 0 Sh t& e rvin Ar vin ug Ma ar ef
Users w/o Disa bilit ies aa
M
i Ex
DISSA SAABILITY BBIIL BIL I Ar t&
1
12 Individuals Total
“it was frustrating that I was looking for all these clues to find where I needed to be and there was NOTHING! I was sure there would be maps on the outside of each elevator of the floors. I get turned around a lot, and knowing that the map says "YOU ARE HERE" would have helped me reorient myself instead of thinking "these rooms all have wood, is it the same room or am I in a different place?”
5 Disability
7 No Disability
Building Familiarity
colors lost forgot hidden efficient
9 Art & Design Room 348
10 Exit/Area of Refuge
11 Marvin Shop
Do You Know Where You Are?
4 Ac ce 0 ss Ac ible ce En ss Ar tra ible ch 0 nc it St eS En ec ud tra ign tu re io nc e De Sp pa ac rtm e en tC ha ir
1
om ro om st Ro g n Re sig din a De 8 Re & M t 21 h r tc 0 om oA t o Ha e nR 1 103 idg sig Br De oom 0 R & n m Art sig 5 troo De Res rt & n A ig 0 348 Des om rt & n Ro 0 A ig s De rt & 0 A efuge a of R re t/A 0 Exi n Shop 1 Marvi vator 0 Marvin Ele vin ar
Need for a Directory
1
e
9
Re
Wayfinding system Useful
2
r ie n c
8
3:50
ign
1
5
6
No E xpe
7
4:10
De sig
R
6
n
of
5
a re
4
M
Time to Destination
3
sig
Expe rien cea a
Ro om 34 Art str 8 nR &D oo 1 oo m es m ig 2 nR Bri 10 d ge oo 3 m 2 to A 2 18 rt & Hatc 6 De hR sig ead n 4 ing Roo Marv m in R 1 estr oom 2 Studi o Spa Archite ce 1 cture De partmen t Chair 1 Accessible Entrance 0
Ar t&
2
De
De s
A it/ Ex
Ar t&
t&
r 3 ato 1 lav tor nE 1 va sig Ele op De 1 Sh t& e rvin Ar vin ug Ma ar ef
UN NK N KNOWN K NO NO Ar
1
12 Individuals Total
6 Both Sides
“most of the places did not have signs to direct me to them. Having something in the elevators that highlight major places would be useful. Making sure signs are visible would be important too, because some signs for rooms were literally NOT visible because of the open door.”
54 Do You Know Where You Are?
marvin directory
4
Building Directory General Offices
416
415
414
410
417
418
413
411
401 402
409
405
407
403
Directory
3
206 302 200 312 416 104 200 102
D-F
313
314
312 315
311
301
317
317
302 310
308
307
306
305
303
Diaz, Rene Diaz Moore, Keith Dunning, Anne Elliot, Gera Engelhart, Phillip Forque, Richard
410 200G 311 205 317 109
G-J Gaunt, John Gore, Nils Grabow, Steve Hardman, Amy Hestowski, Andrea Johnson, Bonnie
N
206 200A 417 206 200B 418
K-M
212
224
Access to Art & Design Building
2
223 222
216
214
210
Owens, Pat Padget, Steve Parks, David Patterson, Anne Pauly, Matt Raines, Samantha Rashid, Mahbub Rockhill, Dan Rolf, Daniel
YOU ARE HERE
205
206
200
204
209
Keal, Joe Kraus, Chad L’Heureux, Marie Alice Lawson, Bret Lesnikowski, Wojciech Linn, Charles Mayo, Jim McAlister, Suzanne McCown, Kate McClure, Kirk Meadows, Ted Muckey, Cynthia
104 211 405C 222 307 200H 317A 200C 205D 317B 104 200E
N-R
213
211 216
317 402 104 411 104 205B 405D 105 405B
S-V
N
1 114
115
113 118
116
112
105
106
109
101 104
111
107
The content of the directory was based off of what the user would use most and what kind of “nodes” would help orient themselves. With this I found that the stairs, restrooms, elevators, and room numbers were the key elements for the directory. After this decision was made the next issue to tackle was the layout of not only the sign but how the maps could be best read. The design of the sign was made so that all aspects could be read easily.
Baker, Patti Black, Alan Carpenter, Tad Carswell, Bill Chang, Jae Conrad, Ken Copt, Louis Criss, Shannon
N
208
So after evaluating the building one more time and carefully looking into the scenario videos to see where individuals would typically tend to migrate towards when confused, lost, or anxious, I decided that there needed to be a directory close to each entrance and also at the stairwell locations. People always seemed to go back towards the stairs as a grounding point, and it only makes sense to have them at the entry points to help give the user a sense of direction as soon as they enter the building.
206 200 200 317 205 205 222 405 109 214 305
A-C
309
The one document that all the individual studies wanted to find was a directory. They felt that if they at least had a directory it would have cut their time down significantly, and they wouldn’t have felt as anxious and frustrated as they did.
Dean’s Office Architecture Department Design Department Urban Planning Department Admissions (Architecture) Admissions (Design-undergrad) Architectural Computing Architecture Resource Center Architecture Shop Conference Room Thomas Galloway Room
102 103
Sain, David Sander, Dennis Sanguinetti, Paola Sato, Yosi Schweppe, Derrick Seba, Barb Selby, Michael Shelton, Josh Smalley, Marcy Spurlock, Jody Spreckelmeyer, Kent Swann, Mike Thomas, Greg Trefrey, John Troyer, Henry
104 210 112 200 200 205 200 104 302 200D 415 206 224 104 222B
W-Z White, Stacey
317C
N You Are Here
Elevator Location
Level Directory Locations
Men’s Restroom (1st & 3rd Floors)
Stairs Accessible Entrance
Women’s Restroom (2nd & 4th Floors)
Emergency Services Lawrence Police -- (785) 864-5900 EHS Emergency OnCall Pager (24 hrs/day, 7 days/week) -- (785) 838-7421 After Hours/Weekend Emergency Maintenance -- (785) 864-5900
55 Do You Know Where You Are?
Identification Signage
Restroom
Stairs
Obviously the most important signage within a system has to be the identifiers. All of the other signs in the system wouldn’t do you any good if at the destination points there weren’t signs. So it is imperative that the signs be properly labeled, consistent with all other signage, placement is correct, and follows the CURRENT code system. The more clear and concise the sign, the easier it is for the viewer to understand. All identifiers should have tactile lettering and braille with proper spacing and sizing so those who have visual impairments are able to locate where they are. Directional Signage
401 - 407 415 - 420 Hatch Reading Room 409 - 414
MARVIN HALL
LEVEL 2
While directional signage may be important in some buildings it is not always necessary. Depending on how complex the building is, directional signage can sometimes be a moot point in navigating a building. This is something I found with Marvin Hall because the layout is so simple that everyone felt that a directory would do just find. When the directional signage is necessary then it needs to very simple and easy to read. The text placement is key, zones when applicable so the use of arrows can be minimized, make sure there is enough separation between lines so it is clear to the viewer which direction they need to go.
Gregory M. Turner 1250 Sandy Drive Florissant, Missouri 63031 314.568.7172 grgryturner@gmail.com