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PATENT CO. invests in state-of-the-art equipment for the production of animal feed additives and premixtures, allowing us to achieve final products of a consistently high quality.
Mycotoxins... ... are recognized as a global threat in agricultural production, especially in livestock and aquaculture segment. There is an increasing trend to use more and more plant ingredients in aquaculture feeds. And with it the risk of mycotoxin contamination also increases.
growing crops
humans
harvesting
human food
storage
processing
fish and shrimps
distribution
feed
What is common to all mycotoxins is their negative effect and the direct impact on the economic losses in the production of aquaculture species. With the current negative trend of mycotoxin effects on the FCR of 5%, by 2020, an increase in feeding costs of $710 million is expected, in Marine Fish and salmonids feeding.
Did you know? More than 25% of world crops are contaminated with mycotoxins!
25%
75%
Mycotoxin effects on aquatic species Biological effects of mycotoxins in aquatic species are thought to be directly linked to their concentration in the feed and to the animal's age and species. In aquaculture production, mycotoxin can cause serious negative effects on fish and shrimps. They can be caused by one mycotoxin, or by their synergistic effects which can cause more damage, even when present in low levels.
Aflatoxin B1
Ochratoxin A
Small cell carcinoma Oxidative damage 3 Pale gills 4 Reduction of growth, feed conversion rate, weight gain 5 Increasing mortality 6 Abnormalities in shrimp hepatopancreas. 1
2
2
1 Mutagenic and toxic effect Degeneration of kidneys and liver, followed by increased mortality 3 Poor feed conversion ratio
All mycotoxins Immunosuppression Increased mortality Poor productive performances 1
2
3
Reduced spawning frequency
Liver necrosis
Fumonisins
Pale kidneys and renal necrosis
Lesions in exocrine and endocrine pancreas Lesions in inter-renal tissue 1
2
Zearalenone 1
4
Affects reproductive parameters in different aquatic species 2 Reducing spawning frequency 3 Change of relative fecundity Acceleration of sexual maturation 5 Reduced growth in shrimp 6 Leaves residues in meat
Reduced growth, consumption and poor feed conversion
Trichothecenes 2
1 Decreased average weight gain Decreased production of bacterial cell wall breaking enzymes 3 Immunosuppression at low dosage 4 Decreased resistance to oxidative damage 5 Inhomogeneous growth and physiological disorders in shrimps
we have a solution!
Patented technology MINAZEL PLUS is a NEW COMPOUND created by patented technology, consisting of a: Mineral component
polar mycotoxin
polar mycotoxin Na1+ Ca2+
K1+
Mg2+
Na1+
Ca2+
K1+
Na1+ Ca2+
polar mycotoxin
polar mycotoxin
polar mycotoxin K1+
mineral surface
Easily replaced Cations (K, Ca, Na, Mg)
Mg2+ Ca2+ Na1+
Na1+ Ca2+
K1+
natural clinoptilolite surface (negative surface is caused by substitution of Si4+ with Al3+ or Fe3+)
The addition of organic cations serves to change the mineral surface. The result of this addition is not a simple mixture of mineral and organic phase, but a completely new compound, organo-mineral complex.
MINAZEL PLUS is the result of an ion-exchange reaction between inorganic cations on the mineral surface and organic cations.
Organic component
+ + +
+
+
less polar mycotoxins
less polar mycotoxins
Na1+ Ca2+
K1+
Mg2+
Na1+
less polar mycotoxins
less polar mycotoxins
polar mycotoxin
polar mycotoxin
less polar mycotoxins
Ca2+
K1+
polar mycotoxin Na1+ Ca2+
K1+
polar mycotoxin Mg2+ Ca2+ Na1+
polar mycotoxin Na1+ Ca2+
K1+
MINAZEL PLUS
Less Polar Mycotoxins Binding (Zea, Ochra, T-2...)
organic component
Polar Mycotoxin Binding (Afla, Ergot...)
mineral surface
Chains of Organic Cation (Activation)
New active centres, which are formed on the mineral surface, ensure efficient binding (over 90%) of not only POLAR MYCOTOXINS (Aflatoxins, Ergot Alkaloids, etc.) but also of LESS POLAR MYCOTOXINS (Zearalenone, Ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, etc.).
MINAZEL PLUS is highly effective (IN VITRO trial results): 100%
99%
97%
96%
94%
86%
75%
83%
80%
50%
25%
in cit rin
s er go
ta
lka
lo
id
n to xi T2
n fu
oc
m
on
isi
hr at ox
in
B1
A
ne en o ra l ze a
afl at ox
in
B1
0%
adsorption %
AB1
AB1
90.2%
99.6%
100%
79.7%
86.6%
83.7%
5 min
30 min
60 min
5 min
30 min
60 min
contact time
ZON
OTA
78.5%
83%
93.2%
79.5%
86.3%
87.4%
5 min
30 min
60 min
5 min
30 min
60 min
MINAZEL PLUS - speed of adsorption (LC-MS/MS)
MINAZEL PLUS trial reports in aquatic species PRODUCTION PARAMETERS IN COMMON CARP Cyprinus carpio DURING DIETARY APPLICATION OF MINAZEL PLUS MYCOTOXIN ABSORBER Dušan Palić 1, Ksenija Aksentijević 2, Marko Vasiljević 3
Munich, Germany, 2016
1 Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia 3 PatentCo, Mišićevo, Serbia
The fish were reared in recirculation systems (400 L tanks) with automated 30% water exchange per day. Water quality parameters were monitored daily or weekly. Two hundred fish were randomly assigned to treatment with MINAZEL PLUS and experimental (no additive) groups. The fish were sampled on regular basis to collect biometric parameters (Fig. 1.), perform clinical health and histopathological exam, and determine total and differential leukocyte counts.
Average body weight (g)
45
Effect of MINAZEL PLUS on Common Carp Body Weight
40 35
MINAZEL PLUS 2kg/MT
30
Control
25 20
Start
7
14
21
28
35
42
50
Trial duration (days)
Figure 1. Effects of MINAZEL PLUS additive (2kg/MT of MINAZEL PLUS) on body weight in common carp. *denotes significant differences at p<0.05.
Conclusion Fish in experimental group showed significant increase in body weight (Fig 1.) and decrease in feed conversion ratio. Clinical and pathological findings were not significantly different among treatment and control groups. We conclude that addition of 2kg/MT of MINAZEL PLUS to commercial fish diet significantly increased production parameters in common carp without observable side effects.
EFFECTS OF MINAZEL PLUS USED AS FEED ADDITIVE ON PRODUCTION PARAMETERS IN WHITELEG SHRIMP Litopenaeus vannamei Munich, Germany, 2016
Dušan Palić 1 , Eman Zahran El Naggar 2, Marko Vasiljević 3
1 Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt 3 PATENT CO, Misicevo, Serbia
Shrimp (200/group) were housed in two 1,000 liter tanks connected to a large commercial shrimp production recirculation system (Crustanova®). The shrimp were sampled on regular basis to collect biometric parameters (Fig. 2.), perfrom clinical health exam, histopathology exam and determine total and differential leukocyte counts. Effect od MINAZEL PLUS on Shrimp Body Weight
average body weight (g)
24
19
MINAZEL PLUS 2kg/MT
14
Control
9
4
Start
20
45
55
trial duration (days)
Figure 2. Effects of MINAZEL PLUS additive (2 kg/MT of MINAZEL PLUS) on body weight in Pacific white legged shrimp;
Initial weight [g]
MINAZEL PLUS 4.14
22.16
19.66
18.10
0.40
0.37
3931.97
3619.53
1.57
1.70
MINAZEL PLUS CV% weight CV% length
Control CV% weight CV% length 13.78 36.87 14.71 44.79 8.33 20.64 10.75 30.63
26.27
9.81
23.54
9.27
07.12.2016
18.36
12.17
19.12.2016
20.85
7.73
25.10.2016 15.11.2016
4.06
23.80
Final weight [g] Weight gain [g] ADG (Average daily gain) [g] Mass weight gain [g] Food Conversion Ratio
Coefficient of Variation (%)
Control
Table 1. Pacific white-legged shrimp biometric parameters are presented.
Conclusion Group fed with addition of 2 kg/MT of MINAZEL PLUS has significantly better parameters as seen in the table.
ORGANICALLY MODIFIED CLINOPTILOLITE (MINAZEL PLUS®) FEED ADDITIVE IMPROVES HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE IN CULTURED NILE TILAPIA Nemanja Todorović 1, Marko Vasiljević 1, Eman Zahran El-Naggar 2 and Dušan Palić 3 Mansoura, Egypt, 2017 1 PATENT CO. Mišićevo, Serbia 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt 3 Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
Testing efficacy of MINAZEL PLUS protection against low level (16 µg/g) Aflatoxins (AFT) contamination in feed: 14 tilapia (45g average weight) per group were randomly assigned to control, MİNAZEL PLUS, AFT, AND AFT W/ MİNAZEL PLUS groups. Samples were collected for evaluation of hematological, immunological, pathological and enzymatic parameters.
Degranulation of Primary Granules
15
70
13
60
% MPO release
average body weight (g)
Effect of MINAZEL PLUS on Tilapia Body Weight
11 9 7
30 20
5
10
3
0
1
Start 7
14
21
28
33
40
47
61
75
90
9
Activity index
Effect of MINAZEL PLUS on Tilapia Body Length
Start
8 7
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
6
Start
5
90th day
35th day
90th day
Oxidative Burst Start 7
14
21
28
33
40
47
61
75
trial duration (days) MINAZEL PLUS 2kg/MT
Control
Tilapia growth is significantly increased in group fed with addition of 2kg/MT of MINAZEL PLUS. A) Weight gain B) Length in tilapia juveniles of 2 g starting weight.
90
Activity index
4
35th day
Neutrophil release
trial duration (days)
average body length (g)
50 40
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
Start
35th day
90th day
MINAZEL PLUS 2kg/MT Control
Neutrophil function in tilapia from MINAZEL PLUS group was significantly increased
Aflatoxin treated group of tilapia was diagnosed with normocytic and normochromic anemia, while such pathology was not observed in group with the addition of MINAZEL PLUS, indicating additive ability to rescue fish from negative effects of aflatoxin.
Conclusion We conclude that addition of 2kg/MT of MINAZEL PLUS to commercial fish diet significantly increased production parameters in Nile tilapia without observable side effects, and protected fish health during exposure to low level aflatoxin contamination.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ORGANICALLY MODIFIED CLINOPTILOLITE (MINAZEL PLUS) IN FISH EXPOSED TO MYCOTOXINS AND CHALLENGED WITH INFECTIOUS DISEASE Nemanja Todorović 1, Marko Vasiljević 1, Dušan Palić 2
Mansoura, Egypt, 2017
1 PATENT CO. Mišićevo, Serbia 2 Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
TRIAL SETUP Treated group
Investigated groups
Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
Duration
1. No treatment
14 days
2. MINAZEL PLUS only
Infectious disease challenge*** 14-28 days
3. AFTB1/OTA* 4. AFTB1/OTA/*MINAZEL PLUS**
* 50 µg/g Aflatoxin B1 and 8 µg/g Ochratoxin A ** MINAZEL PLUS used in dosage 5kg/MT *** Challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila (6 x 107 CFU/mL, 10 µL g-1 of fish body weight)
RESULTS ON MORTALITY, MORBIDITY AND RPS (RELATIVE PERCENT SURVIVAL) GROUPS T1
DAY
T2
T3
Healthy Fish
Live Fish
Healthy Fish
14
60
60
58
21
38
50
22
28
24
45
12
24
Morbidity
36
Live Fish
48
T4
Healthy Fish
Live Fish
58
59
59
30
45
55
33
50
25
27
Healthy Fish
T5 Live Fish
Healthy Fish
Live Fish
59
59
60
60
36
48
59
59
43
59
59
35
0
Mortality
15
36
10
17
1
RPS
75%
40%
83.3%
71.7%
98.3%
T1 - Control Diet with A. hydrophila Challenge T2 - Aflatoxin B1 50 µg/g + Ochratoxin A 8 µg/g T3 - MINAZEL PLUS 5kg/MT
T4 - Aflatoxin B1 50 µg/g + Ochratoxin A 8 µg/g with MINAZEL PLUS 5kg/MT
T5 - Control Diet w/o A.hydrophila Challenge
Conclusion Addition of MINAZEL PLUS significantly reduced morbidity and mortality of minnows fed with mixture of mycotoxins and challenged with A. Hydrophila!!!
ABOUT US PATENT CO. is a multinational company established in 1990 in the heart of Europe, in Serbia. Today we operate on 5 continents. PATENT CO. strives to be an innovative and internationally-oriented company that is always one step ahead in introducing new technologies in animal nutrition. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Every year, PATENT CO. invests significant resources in research and development programmes in laboratories, research centres and farms. This programme facilitates the development of new products, with a view to finding optimal animal feed production solutions. QUALITY AND SAFETY PATENT CO. invests in state-of-the-art equipment for the production of animal feed additives and premixtures, allowing us to achieve final products of a consistently high quality. This process ensures full traceability, from the reception of raw materials to delivery of the product to the customer.
Vlade Ćetkovića 1a 24211 Mišićevo, Serbia www.patent-co.com export@patent-co.com