DUAL FOCUS
4 SECONDARY EDUCATION
DigITAlisaTiON
ANDA lUSIA
CONTENTS
1. Prepare your computer system 7
1 Digital representation of information • 2 Computers • 3 Operating systems • 4 Storage
• 5 Windows installation • 6 Installing Ubuntu • 7 Operating systems environment • 8 System
Environment Setup • 9 Program management • 10 Peripherals • The final challenge
2. Become a network architect 17
1 Computer networks • 2 Basic concepts
• 3 The internet network • 4 Components
• 5 Configuration and connection • 6 WIFI router setup • 7 Interconnected devices • 8 Account and permission management • 9 Share resources
• 10 Network simulation and monitoring • The final challenge
3. Search, select, and organise information 27
1 Internte services • 2 The web • 3 Browsers
• 4 Search engines • 5 Content selection
• 6 Organisation of information • 7 File management • 8 Cloud services • 9 Intellectual property • The final challenge
4. Collaborate, communicate and publish in networks 37
1 Personal learning environments • 2 Collective Intelligence • 3 Collaborative work • 4 Discussion forums • 5 Email • 6 Email management • 7 Wikis
• 8 Blogs • 9 Web design • 10 Social media • The final challenge
5. Create and disseminate digital content 47
1 Audiovisual genres • 2 Stages of audiovisual production • 3 Types of shots • 4 Visual angle
• 5 Camera movement • 6 Google Drive • 7 Publishing presentations • 8 Creation of interactive resources • 9 Sound on the web • 10 Digital video • 11 Screencast with OBS Studio • 12 Production with OpenShot • The final challenge
6. Appdopt a monument to preserve our heritage .................. 61
1 Computational thinking • 2 The apps • 3 App Inventor • 4 Design of the graphical interface
• 5 Block-based programming • 6 Development of simple apps • 7 Programming a Virtual Pet
• 8 Development of the game Flappy Bird
• 9 Augmented Reality (AR) • 10 Aumentaty
• 11 Virtual Reality (VR) apps • 12 Google Cardboard • 13 Stores • 14 Software licenses • The final challenge
7. Design a digital safety and well-being kit ................................. 75
1 Threats • 2 Other security systems • 3 Malicious software • 4 Antivirus • 5 Digital identity• 6 Proteger la información • 7 Digital well-being • 8 Internet fraud • 9 The proper use of technology • The final challenge
8. Empower yourself in critical digital citizenship 83
1 Interactivity on the Internet • 2 Digital Society • 3 Protection of Personal Data • 4 Media literacy • 5 E-commerce • 6 Online Administrative Procedures
• 7 Ethics in the use of data and digital tools • 8 Augmented Reality (AR) • The final challenge
1 Prepare your computer system
Could you build a personal computer with parts from old computers?
SCAN THE CODE TO FIND OUT ABOUT THE CHALLENGE
work with
are of different using
are composed of
for example for example is organised according to its that need
are of different for example allow you to perform recurring actions
are stored using
FOCUS O N ENGLISH
Customize the environment
Manage the operating system
Manage programs
Look at the diagram on this page and draw up, in your notebook, a similar but more complete one, with the information from the flipped cards at the end of this book.
Digital representation of information 1
Electronics
Electronics is the science that studies the behavior of electrons in circuits and systems that exchange, store and process information.
Electronic systems are devices that process information to obtain image or sound, for example. We classify them as:
• Analogue. They use continuous signals that can assume infinite values between two limits. They have absolute precision.
• Digital. They use discrete variables; they can only take specific values within a range. They allow information to be manipulated or saved.
Information representation
The smallest unit of information, in computing, corresponds to the binary digits: 0 and 1. This digit is called the bit (b). The set of 8 bits is called a byte (B).
Since bits are very small units, the International System of Units (SI) uses multiples of 1000. However, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) system uses multiples of 1024.
1 byte (B) 8 bits (b)
1 kilobyte (kB) 1000 bytes
1 megabyte (MB) 1000 kilobytes
1 gigabyte (GB) 1000 megabytes
1 terabyte (TB) 1000 gigabytes
1 byte (B) 8 bits (b)
1 kibibyte (KiB) 1024 bytes
1 mebibyte (MiB) 1024 kibibytes
1 gibibyte (GiB) 1024 mebibytes
1 tebibyte (TiB) 1024 gibibytes SI units of measurement IEC units of measurement
Binary system
A numbering system is a set of rules that can represent any number with a finite number of symbols.
Computers use a numbering system known as the binary system to manipulate and store information. The binary system is made up of zeros and ones. The notation used to identify a binary figure is subscript 2.
(Binary Decimal)
What is a digital system? How is it different from analogue?
1 What does electronics study and what is its main purpose?
2 Why do you think it is important to be able to convert analogue signals into digital ones?
3 Look at the units of measurement of information and answer: What is the difference in bytes between a megabyte and a mebibyte? Analogue and digital signals Digital and analogue electronic systems
Computers 2
Computer
A computer is an electronic machine that receives data and processes it into information. Its basic components are hardware and software.
• Hardware is the set of physical components of the computer.
• Software is the operating system, programs and data.
Types of computers
Computers can be classified based on their size, utility and mobility. There are many devices with computer architecture.
• Desktops: Computers designed to be used in a fixed location.
• Laptops: Small computers characterised by their portability.
• Tablets and smartphones: Small computers integrated into a highprecision touchscreen.
• Supercomputers: High-performance computers that can process huge amounts of information.
• Embedded systems: Systems designed to perform one or more specific functions.
• Computer architectures: Devices that share a similar architecture to computers.
Computer architecture
The architecture of a computer refers to how its elements are organized.
Currently, computer architecture is based on the Von Neumann model.
The main hardware components are:
Motherboard The structure to which all components are connected.
RAM memory
Temporarily stores the data and programs with which the computer works at all times.
Microprocessor or CPU Integrated circuit, made up of millions of transistors. It processes the data and instructions it receives from RAM.
Computer memory Storage medium that stores a large amount of information for the longer term.
Graphics card or GPU Device that processes the graphics and sends the video signal to the monitor.
Input/Output Systems
Peripherals for computer communication with the outside world.
What components do all computers have in common?
4 Research supercomputers and create a table to compare their main characteristics with those of home computers.
5 Find out where the different types of memory are housed: primary, secondary and cache memory.
Desktop
Tablets
Supercomputers Laptop
Operating systems 3
An operating system is software that enables people to communicate with the computer and use its resources efficiently.
Operating systems
• Microsoft Windows. Commercial operating system developed by Microsoft. There are home, business and server versions.
• Mobile operating systems. Built for wireless devices with touchscreens. The most used is Android, followed by iOS.
• macOS. Commercial operating system developed by Apple and optimised for the hardware of its Mac computers.
• Linux distributions. Free software operating systems created by voluntary contributors, such as openSUSE and Ubuntu.
Linux interface
Free software grants the following freedoms:
• Run any program for any purpose.
• Study how the program works and adapt it.
• Redistribute copies, to help others.
• Improve it and make improvements public.
Main features
The operating system allows people to interact with the computer thanks to its working environment. Its main functions are:
• Organise information into files and folders.
• Manage programs, allowing their installation, use and deletion.
• Control the use of peripherals and detect errors in their operation.
What do operating systems do?
• Enable connections and exchange information with other networked devices.
Shell
The command interpreter relies on inputting commands or instructions to manage operating system functions.
Command interpreters have evolved into graphical user interfaces, which are visual environments of images and objects such as menus, buttons and windows.
Access to the command interpreter depends on the operating system:
In Windows. Type cmd in the taskbar search box and click on the system symbol.
In Linux distributions. Open it from the system accessories or utilities by clicking on Terminal.
6 Check which of the following commands work on your operating system and figure out what it does: tree, cls, time, man, dir, help, ls, cd, ver, cmd, su and exit.
7 Change the date of the computer to your birthday, using the command interpreter. Write ‘date’ if you are using Windows, or ‘date –d mm/ dd/yy’, if you do it in Linux.
Windows graphical interface
Storage 4
Operating systems store and organise information. To do this, they use two types of structures:
• Physical. How data are stored on storage media.
• Logic. How data are stored in files and folders.
Storage media
Media Storage system
Magnetic (HDD hard drive)
Optical (CD, DVD, Blu-ray)
Flash drives (SD cards and USB sticks)
They store information on a magnetic material.
The information is stored in small grooves in the disk. It is read with a laser.
Static storage systems, which do not need power to store data.
Solid State Drives (SSD) High-speed, low-power, quiet storage devices
Partitions
Partitions are separate storage spaces into which a disk, SSD or flash memory is divided.
It is common to create partitions to separate operating systems from data. Each partition will have a different name on the disk.
File system
A file is a set of information, such as text, images or music, stored in the form of bits and can be manipulated with a computer.
The file system is how files are organised, stored and managed.
Each operating system uses its own file system. These are:
• Windows. FAT, FAT32, NTFS, EFS and exFAT.
• Linux distributions. Btrfs, ext3, ext4, JFS, ReiserFS, swap and XFS.
• macOS. APFS and HFS+.
• Android. ext4 and F2FS.
File organisation
Operating systems are responsible for organising files and allowing operations with them through the file browser.
File names in Windows have extensions that identify the file type. Files are grouped into folders that are located within a “root directory.”
The file path is the location of a file in the operating system, expressed as the sequence of folders where it is located.
What components do all computers have in common?
Track
Cluster
Sector
Read-andwrite head
Disks
Vocabulary
System – Storage – Magnetic
Optical – Partitions – Explorer – Root directory – Storage
8 Reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of each type of storage medium for use in everyday or professional environments.
9 What is the difference between the physical and the logical structure for storing information?
Magnetic hard drive (HDD)
Linux file system
Windows installation 5
Before installing this operating system you must:
• Review system requirements. Windows typically needs 4GB of RAM and 20GB of hard drive space.
• Make a backup of the data. The information can be retrieved in the event of an error in the process.
Boot from installation media
For the computer to boot using an installation disk, it must be configured:
1. Turn on the computer and press the key to access the boot menu.
2. Use the keyboard arrows to select the drive that contains the operating system to be installed.
3. Press the Enter key to boot from the selected drive.
Installation steps
1. Insert the installation disk and restart the computer.
2. Specify the language and preferences. Then click Next to proceed with the installation.
3. Read and accept the License Terms.
4. Choose the type of installation desired:
a) Upgrade: install Windows and keep files, settings and applications. This option is displayed if a previous version of Windows already exists.
b) Custom: install Windows only (advanced). The partition is erased and a “clean” installation of the system is performed.
10 When is it necessary to back up the data on the equipment, and where can the backups be kept?
11 Check if the computer you are using has a free partition or enough unallocated space to install Windows.
What does it take to install a computer’s operating system?
Specify partitions
To manually create partitions, select the free space and click Add (+). Next, create them by choosing their type, size, location, file system and mount point. For creating two of these partitions:
1. Click New to create the partitions, specifying the desired size in each of them.
2. Format the Windows-bound partition, and then click Next to begin.
Follow the Installation Wizard
Once the partitions have been created, the computer may restart several times. During the installation process, the system will request the following:
Choose settings: quick or custom.
Indicate the type of use: whether it is for personal use or belongs to an organisation.
Log in to the cloud or on-premises.
Vocabulary
Installation – Requirements – Backup – Upgrade – Wizard
Installing Ubuntu 6
Ubuntu is a Linux distribution distributed under a free software license.
To obtain Ubuntu you have to navigate to its website (https://ubuntu. com) and download the disk image of the Desktop version, with which the installation drive will be created.
The Rufus application is used to create the installation USB:
Test
and install
1. Boot the computer with the installation drive.
2. Choose the language and type of installation:
• Try Ubuntu. It allows you to use the operating system.
• Install Ubuntu. Launches the wizard that guides the installation process on your computer.
Prepare disk space
To install Ubuntu you can choose to use all the disk space on your computer or share it with other operating systems:
• Install Ubuntu next to another operating system. If there is no free space, existing partitions will be resized.
• Delete disk and install Ubuntu. The disk is formatted and Ubuntu manages the entire space.
• Update Ubuntu. Allows you to update a previous version of the same operating system, keeping your personal files.
• More options. It offers the possibility to create partitions, resize them, edit them or delete them.
Specify partitions
What installation possibilities does Ubuntu offer?
To manually create partitions, select the free space and click Add (+). Next, create them by choosing their type, size, location, file system and mount point.
The following figures show the windows for creating two of these partitions:
partition
Complete the installation
During the installation process, the following issues arise:
• Where are you? Indicate the time zone to the program.
• Keyboard layout. Choose the keyboard language.
• Who are you? Enter the details of the person who will have administrator privileges.
After that, you’ll have to wait until the process is complete and restart. Ubuntu will create a boot menu with all operating systems installed.
Boot partition Operating system
Operating systems environment 7
Startup and Login
When the computer is turned on, if there are several operating systems installed, the bootloader is started, which allows you to choose the system with which you want to work.
The next step is to enter the username and password on the login screen.
Desktop
The desktop is the graphical environment that appears once the user is logged in and they can customise it to their preferences.
It contains each user’s files and folders and, from it, you can access both programs and tools to customise and manage the system.
1. Activities. It offers a graphical view of running applications and contains a Workspaces selector.
2. Application menu. Displays the active app and provides quick access to all its options.
3. System menu. Facilitates access to system settings. Log out, restart, or shut down your computer.
4. File explorer. Manages files and folders.
5. Personal folder. It contains the documents and personal files of the person who has logged in.
6. Recycle bin. Stores and retrieves deleted items.
7. Window list. Allows you to view open applications.
8. Dashboard. Provides access to the apps in use and favorites and, by pressing the Show apps button, to the rest.
What programs are on your computer desktop?
Programs
A program is a set of instructions that allow you to perform different tasks on your computer. Programs are also known as applications or apps.
To access them, you have to click on the Start menu, Applications, Launchpad or similar, depending on the operating system.
Operating system utilities
Operating systems have the following utilities: Accessories. Applications that allow you to perform basic tasks.
Administration tool. They make it easy to configure aspects of the system.
System preferences. They are used to customise aspects of the operating system.
Log out
Shut down the computer using the Shutdown option, never directly from the computer button.
It is also possible to click Log Out, without needing to shut down the system.
Vocabulary
Bootloader – Graphical environment – Dashboard – Launchpad – Retrieve
System Environment Setup 8
Setup Tools
Operating systems have various tools for managing the computer, which allow you to configure all aspects of the computer. In order to use them, it is required to have administrator or root privileges.
Personalise the environment
Operating systems allow work environments to be customised by:
Accessibility Adjust visibility, hearing and mobility settings when using the equipment.
Appearance
Desktop gadgets
Launcher dashboard
Energy management
Determine preferences related to the look and feel of the desktop.
They offer complementary information and expand functionalities, such as a clock or a calendar.
Offers a quick and configurable way to open commonly used menus, programs and documents.
Allows you to configure power saving features such as turning off the screen or putting the computer to sleep.
Screensaver Appears on the monitor after a certain amount of time without user activity.
Screen resolution Set the resolution, color and refresh rate.
Managing the operating system
Operating system administrators are the people who have permissions to perform configuration and administration tasks on software, hardware and users.
Tools are usually located in the Settings or Settings menus. Some are:
• Applications. Allows you to install, update and manage programs.
• Security backups. It allows you to automate backup copies.
• User accounts. Manage users based on their privileges.
• Devices. Allows adjustments to the operation of peripherals.
• Date and time. It is used to change the time, date and time zone.
• Printing. It allows you to add new printers, as well as configure those already installed.
• The Internet. Gives access to configure network adapters and internet connection.
• Synchronisation and storage. Synchronises information between devices, as well as cloud storage.
12 Do you think it is safe to have multiple people with administrator privileges on the same computer? Why?
How is your computer’s operating system configured? What gadgets do you have?
Windows customisation menu.
iOS system settings.
Vocabulary
Root privileges
Accessibility – Launcher
Program management 9
Functionality of programs
Programs or apps provide functionality to computers, allowing them to interact with devices.
Each operating system includes a set of basic programs and the ability to install or uninstall when necessary. Each program can only be installed and run on the operating system for which it was developed. It is also possible to use web applications.
Installing programs in Linux
The most common applications of Linux distributions are found in:
• The Application store. It allows you to search, install, uninstall and update applications from the graphical environment.
• Synaptic Package Manager. It is used for more advanced software management. It divides programs into packages.
• Use the terminal. Administrator privileges are required.
Installing programs in Windows
In Windows you may install programs from:
• Microsoft Store. A store with a lot of programs.
• Installation disk. When programs are on a disk.
• The Internet. Download and install programs from trusted websites, to prevent malware from entering the computer.
After installing programs, they can be modified, updated and uninstalled.
Installing apps on Android
Android is an open source platform, so anyone can create apps to run on it. It has a large community of developers and millions of apps which can be installed from the Google Play Store. Android apps have the .apk extension.
To install an APK file on Android, without using the Google Play Store, you just have to run the file on the device.
How useful are apps on Android?
13 What advantages and disadvantages do you think web applications have compared to desktop applications?
14 What precautions should be taken when downloading programs from the internet?
Peripherals 10
Classification
We use peripheral devices to interact with the computer.
They are classified by their role:
Input. Allow you to enter information into the computer. Output. Allow you to obtain information from the computer.
Storage. Stores information for the long term on storage media. Communication. They connect devices and exchange data between them.
Connect a peripheral
Peripherals can be connected directly to the motherboard through a port or a wireless connection.
The most common connection ports are:
Sustainable development in the manufacture and recycling of computing devices
Given the large number of devices that are manufactured and discarded, it is important to ensure their sustainability, both in their manufacture and in their recycling.
The two biggest problems are the high consumption of materials and energy to manufacture each product and planned obsolescence, which consists of designing devices to break quickly.
As for electronic waste, there are components, such as plastics, iron, copper and gold, which can and should be recycled to try to reduce the environmental impact, but they also contain pollutants that are hazardous to health and the environment. That is why it is important to recycle waste at the appropriate recycling centres.
Driver on a device
A driver or controller is software that acts as an intermediary between a hardware device and its operating system. It is necessary for the computer to detect the peripheral and to work correctly.
What peripheral devices do you use on your computer?
15 How are peripheral devices classified according to their function? What types of connections can be used to connect a peripheral to a computer?
16 Describe how planned obsolescence influences the consumption of devices and the environment.
Vocabulary
Storage media – Manufacture – Motherboard – Obsolescence
USB USB-C eSATA HDML RJ-45
Microphone Audio Fibre
The final challenge
Building a personal computer
With old computer parts, assemble a personal computer.
SCAN
Group work. Look up how microprocessors are made from silicon and write a journalistic article. Do you think those who obtain the raw materials are respecting human rights?
STEP 1
Choosing the components
Choose the fundamental components: the case, the motherboard, the processor, the graphics card, the RAM, the storage devices, the power supply and the peripherals.
Attach the motherboard
Start by assembling the motherboard, as the rest of the components are connected to it. After opening the box, install the motherboard on the suitable attachments.
STEP2
Install the microprocessor
The microprocessor or CPU is inserted into the motherboard socket by operating a lever. Add some thermal paste and place the heatsink over the microprocessor to cool it. In addition, the heatsink includes a fan at the top.
Insert RAM
Each RAM module is inserted into one of the slots provided by the motherboard.
STEP 3
Screw in the power supply
The power supply is attached with screws to the case. It includes a connector for the power cable that will remain on the outside of the housing.
Mounting the devices in the bays
Insert the hard drives and optical drives into their corresponding bays, secure them with screws, and connect the power and data cables. M.2 format SSDs connect directly to the board without cables.
STEP 4
Install expansion cards
The GPU and sound card are optional and are installed in the expansion slots on the motherboard
Connect the auxiliary cables
The auxiliary connectors of the case must be connected to the appropriate etched pins on the motherboard.
FINAL STEP
Close the case and plug in the peripherals
• Once the installation of the components is complete, close the case and plug the peripherals into the appropriate ports.
SECONDARY EDUCATION
4 DigITAlisaT ioN ANDA l UCÍA DUAL FoCUS
1. Prepare your computer system ........................7
2. Become a network architect .............................. 8
3. Search, select and organise information ....... 14
4. Collaborate, communicate, and publish in networks ....................................... 18
5. Create and disseminate digital content.......................................................... 24
6. Appdopt a monument to preserve our heritage ............................................................ 30
7. Design a digital safety and well-being kit .................................................36
8. Empower yourself in critical digital citizenship .................................................... 41 Index
PREPARE YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM 1
Digital Information
Analog and digital electronics
Analogue
Information representation
Electronic systems are the set of devices that process information to obtain image, audio or other files.
The smallest unit of información Can take certain values within a range. Digital Continuous signals.
The bit (value 0 or 1).
The measure of speed in digital communications � bits per second (b/s).
Binary systems
Numbering systems
Set of rules that allow a number to be represented.
Computers use the binary system
Made up of zeros and ones.
Converting a decimal number to binary
Divides the decimal number by the base 2.
Binary)
1 Explain how the binary system differs from the decimal numbering system.
Computer equipment
The components of a computer
Its basic components are hardware and software.
Some important hardware components: Memory Motherboard
Graphics card Processor
Computer architecture
The architecture of a computer refers to how its elements are organised.
2 Which component of a computer stores the programmes and files that we use at any given moment?
Diagram of Von Neumann’s architecture.
Types of computers
Computers are classified according to their size, use and portability.
3 List the main types of computers and explain how they differ.
The software in charge of the communication between the computer and the people, and of the use of resources.
Operating systems, among other functions, store and organise information.
Mobile operating systems
Distributions
Functions
Operating systems
Organise information
Manage programs
Control peripherals
Allow network connections
4 What are the functions of operating systems?
Storage
Operating systems store and organise information into two types of structures: logical and physical.
Logical In files and folders.
Physics In storage media.
The storage spaces into which a disk is divided. Partitions
5 What are the types of physical storage media and what are they for?
Track Cluster Sector
Read/Write head
File system
Is the way in which files are organised, stored and managed.
Each operating system uses its own file system:
Windows FAT, FAT32, NTFS, EFS y exFAT
A file is a set of information that is stored in the form of bits and can be manipulated with the computer.
Distribuciones Linux Btrfs, ext3, ext4, JFS, ReiserFS y XFS
macOS APFS y HFS+
Android ext4 y F2FS
Windows installation
Before you start
Review system requirements.
6 Explain the purpose of the file system.
Step by step
Make a back up.
Boot from the installation disk
Specify the language.
Choose the type of installation
Update: Preserve files, settings and applications.
Custom: ‘Clean’ installation of the system.
Prepare partitions.
Continue with the installation wizard
7 Describe the Windows installation process.
Installing Ubuntu
Boot from the installation disk
Specify the language
Choose the type of installation
Specify partitions.
Ubuntu is a distribution Linux, distributed under a free software license.
Install together with another system. Erase disk. Update. Advanced Options.
8 In which part of the Ubuntu installation process should partitions be selected?
OS
environments
The desktop is the graphical environment that contains the files and folders of each user.
The most important components
Workspace
Applications menu
System menu
File explorer
Recycle bin
Operating system utilities are
Ubuntu Desktop.
Accessories
Administration tools
System preferences
Configuration of the environment
Operating systems have tools to manage and configure the device.
Customisation
Accessibility
Appearance
Desktop gadgets.
Launch panel.
Energy management.
Screensaver.
Screen resolution
Administration 10 What tools of the operating system can be used to customise the environment?
Applications
Backups
User accounts
Devices
Date and time
Printing
Network & Internet
Synchronisation
Programs allow you to perform different tasks on your computer.
9 What is the operating system desktop and what are its most important components?
Windows customisation menu.
system setup.
1 Programs
Programs or applications make computer systems useful, allowing people to interact with devices.
Installing in Linux
Application Store
Synaptic Package Manager
The terminal
Software repositories
Installing in Android
Android is open source
Installing in Windows
Microsoft Store
Installation disk
Internet
Windows App Store.
Anyone can create apps that run on it.
Android apps have the .apk extension.
Peripherals
Categories
11 What is the role of programs?
People use devices connected to ports to interact with the computer. emits information. Output
Connections
12 Name all the peripheral input devices you know. connects devices. Communication stores information. Storage inputs information. Input
Peripherals can be connected directly to the motherboard through a port or a wireless connection.
Driver: software that acts as an intermediary between a hardware device and its operating system. Allows peripherals to work.
USB USB-C eSATA HDMI RJ-45 Fibra Micrófono Audio
Sustainability
Given the large number of devices that are manufactured and discarded, it is important to ensure sustainability, both in manufacture and recycling.
Manufacturing
The production of devices requires a lot of consumption.
To manufacture a computer you need:
240 kg of fossil fuels
22 kg of chemicals
1 500 kg of water
Planned obsolescence
Design of appliances to have a certain limited duration.
Electronic waste
Computer equipment has very polluting and dangerous elements
IT equipment recycling
Main components of a computer.
cadmium, lead, beryllium, arsenic, selenium, antimony and mercury.
Many materials can be recycled → plastics, iron, copper, gold and silver.
13 What environmental hazards arise from the misuse of computers?
A computer can be configured to customise its performance.
1 Choose the components
2 Place the motherboard.
3 Mount the heatsink.
5 Insert the RAM.
7 Screw in the power supply.
8 Mount the devices.
9 Install the cards.
10 Connect the cables.
11 Close the box.
12 Plug in the peripherals.
Assembly
There are programs that allow you to simulate the assembly of a computer using components of the most recognised brands.
14 List the steps for assembling a computer.
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