The Scribe Nov-Dec 2013 by Gary Wagner

November - December 2013

A Newsletter for Royal Ranger Leaders of the Potomac District  Central Section

Expedition Rangers from two outposts participated in Central Section’s 2013 Ranger of the Year competition, hosted by First Assembly of God in Harrisonburg on Oct. 25-26. David Hannold (right) from Outpost 361 at Harvest Church of God in Madison finished in third place with an Excellent rating; Glenn Hannold (left) from Outpost 361 finished in second place with an Excellent rating; and Caleb Richters (center) from Outpost 48 at Highway Assembly of God in Fredericksburg finished in first place with an Outstanding rating. Congratulations to each of these Rangers for a stellar competition.

“Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a workman who does not need to be ashamed and who correctly handles the word of truth.” 2 Timothy 2:15 Register today for the next Central Section Royal Ranger Leadership Training event scheduled for Saturday, Dec. 14 at Orange Assembly of God. See page 6 for details. Paid registrations required by Dec. 7.

The Scribe  November - December 2013

Rangers Are Finalists in ‘Burn Notice’ Science Challenge

team of Royal Rangers from Outpost 48 at Highway Assembly of God in Fredericksburg, Va. were finalists in the recent “Burn Notice” Science Challenge. The national competition, inspired by the hit TV series, was conducted earlier this year as a means to encourage learning in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) among America’s high school students. Developed in consultation with a prestigious panel of science teachers from around the country, high school students were asked to design a safe, yet exciting, spy challenge that the characters of “Burn Notice” might face. Following initial essay submissions, 25 follow three options, as students trio – all home-schooled students finalists were selected to create a were challenged to develop a and rising 11th graders – opted for video demonstrating their promakeshift communications system, the security system. posed solutions to the challenge. an unmanned aerial vehicle or a The concept for the boys’ proEach entry was judged based on its security system. The Royal Ranger ject was shaped with the counsel scientific merits, as well as of their adult mentor Dathe quality and execution vid Lando, a scientist who of the demonstration, by works for the U.S. Navy the panel of teachers and in missile defense. He “Burn Notice” writers and pointed out to the team producers. that any defensive system Sam Bryant, Austin can’t have everything ridClark and Isaiah Padgett – ing on a single element or all Expedition Rangers in capability. Outpost 48 – entered the “Mr. Lando helped us competition, and their put together a security design of a covert intrusystem with a couple of sion detection system was levels so it would be more among the 25 entries sereliable,” recalled Isaiah. lected by judges as finalHence, the alarm sysists. tem built by the Rangers Austin Clark (left, top photo) and Sam Bryant disassemble a stereo system for parts for their security system, which was Entries to the “Burn featured a three-level deNotice” competition could controlled by a small, single board computer (bottom photo). fensive process. The first

The Scribe  November - December 2013

Multilayered intrusion detection system among top 25 projects selected in nationwide STEM competition level was a door monitoring system that consisted of motion detectors. The second level was a window monitoring system that consisted of a contact activated circuit. The third level was a fallback system using sound detection sensors. All components in the system were wired into individual breadboards, into a master breadboard, and then into a single board computer through an integrated circuit microprocessor. Micro-cameras were attached to the breadboard to send data to an SD card when tripped to be reviewed later. In addition, the system could also send an email text message to the owner’s cell phone. The Rangers built and tested

their intrusion detection system in Austin’s home. It took over a halfday for the team to install motion detectors, cameras and other components to monitor one window and two doors, and then walk through different “threat” scenarios, with other family members serving as “intruders” to test the system. “It worked every time,” reported Austin. “At least one sensor worked in all the different tests we ran.” “When we started on the project, we thought it would be fun,” recalls Sam, “but it ended up being a lot of work.” Nevertheless, the boys persevered and completed their essay, submitting it electronically just five minutes before the

contest deadline in March. The team’s report drew on the mathematical Addition Rule of Probability to quantify the effectiveness of their defensive system. The equation is used to calculate probability for one task, multiple events and multiple outcomes. The Rangers were able to show that the probability of an intruder to successfully bypass their security system was only about 0.00026, or .026 percent. The boys’ parents were supportive throughout the months’ long project, and in some respects just as enthusiastic. While the Rangers hadn’t been that familiar with the “Burn Notice” TV series prior to the science challenge, at least Austin’s dad and Isaiah’s dad were regular watchers. “It was actually my dad who told us about the competition in the first place,” said Austin. “He saw it promoted on Facebook.” And after all the work had been completed and the boys waited for word of who the finalists would be, it was Isaiah’s dad, Curtis, who excitedly woke Isaiah “in the middle of the night” to tell him that their team was selected. As finalists, the Rangers received a prize package that included a hat, t-shirt, huge set poster, boogie board, Frisbee, magnets, large beach umbrella, two books, draw string bag, and a signed photo.

Sam Bryant, Isaiah Padgett and Austin Clark (l. to r.) display the souvenirs they won as finalists in the ‘Burn Notice’ nationwide science challenge.

The Scribe  November - December 2013

GOLD MEDAL SPOTLIGHT Brendon Martin Becomes Central Section’s Newest Gold Medalist

rendon Martin, an Expedition Ranger with Outpost 261 at Life Church in Broadway, received the Gold Medal of Achievement during an award ceremony on Nov. 10, to become GMA #521 in the Potomac District. Brendon is currently a ninth-grader at Eastern Mennonite High School. He has been active in Royal Rangers for the past six years, having started as a first-year Discovery Ranger at Outpost 261. Brendon says that he hopes to use the skills and values learned from Royal Rangers to help others and glorify God. In presenting the Gold Medal of Achievement to Brendon, Potomac District

Commander Rev. Bobby Basham praised him for his initiative in pursuit of the Gold Medal. Brendon had started work on his Gold Medal service project, but as the requirements for earning the GMA were changed, Brendon persevered and began work to finish the newly required capstone project. Commander Basham commended Brendon as one of only four Rangers in the Potomac District to successfully earn their GMA following the new regimen thus far. Brendon’s oral presentation to his GMA review board is outlined below.

Rocketry and the Spiritual Life of a Christian By Brendon Martin

he parts of the rocket can represent the parts of my spiritual life. The engine is crucial for flight. The engine for my life is my love for God. The Holy Spirit is the ignition for my life's flight. The fins help the rocket to stand upright and to fly straight. The Bible helps me stay upright. The fins cut through the air, as I cut through temptations. The narrow body tube displays the manufacturer’s label. He writes His laws on my heart. The Christian path is straight and narrow, just like the tube. The body can also mean the “body of Christ,” the church. I am part of this body in Outpost 261 at Life Church. I have served the body as a Ranger Kids helper. The nose cone is aerodynamic. Forgiveness puts off dead weight. As I “put off” sin, I maintain my flight path. The parachute is hidden inside the tube. The Holy Spirit dwells in my heart. I need to hide God’s

Brendon shares his oral presentation during his GMA ceremony.

Word in my heart. The phases of the rocket’s flight are similar to the phases of my Christian walk. The ignition phase is the blast-off phase. The rocket is pushed upwards, towards the heavens. This is the moment I came to Christ. The acceleration is an exciting phase when the rocket gains speed. It is being on fire for God. In the book, this is going on

“adventures with God.” I, too, have had “adventures with God.” I am “God’s ally in the world.” The coasting phase is when the rocket engine quits, but the rocket continues in flight. This is when I am tested. I rely on what I know about God. I need to keep my sight on Christ. This is when I am discouraged. I remember God’s promises. I pray for God’s help. The smoke phase is near the top of the flight path. This is when others can see Jesus in me. I witness to others about Christ. The book describes this as “growing character.” The ejection and deployment phases occur when the rocket turns downward and the parachute pops out. When I fail, Jesus’ love saves me. The timing of repentance is important. The gliding phase is the return to earth. I give myself completely to God. Living by faith, I need to know “God's operational plans.” The touchdown phase is the landing phase. I seek a safe landing. I want to be faithful until the end.

The Scribe  November - December 2013

Friday-Sunday January 31 - February 2 Hancock Assembly of God, 431 N. Pennsylvania Ave., Hancock, MD Potomac District’s 2014 Junior Winter Camp (JWC) is scheduled for Friday through Sunday, Jan. 31 to Feb. 2, 2014. Registration is now open! The maximum attendance for JWC is 20 trainees, so Rangers are encouraged to register as early as possible. The postmark on an application will determine priority for a space in the first Potomac District JWC. Rangers must be at least 13 years old and have already attended Junior Leadership Training Camp (JLTC). The application for JWC can be found on the Potomac District web site at www.potomacrangers.org. Your registration must be in by

Friday Jan. 3, 2014. No late registrations will be accepted. The cost of camp registration is $100, which includes all food, a special hat, a patch and sweat shirt specific to JWC. This will be the “dress” uniform for camp. Attendees do not need to bring your Royal Ranger khaki or utility uniforms. The event does not include dinner on Friday night, so Rangers should make arrangements to eat dinner on the road to camp. Please do not be late for registration. Registration is at 6 p.m. JWC is run on a very tight schedule. Please do not bring any elec-

tronic games. Leave cell phones at home as well if possible. Cell phones and Blackberrys, or any other texting device will be collected on arrival. They will be held at registration and returned after camp. Arrangements will be made for emergency telephone calls out. If someone needs to get an emergency message in they can call the District Office at (410) 781-6376. JWC will conclude on Sunday, Feb. 2, at 11 a.m. Rangers should make arrangements for their return transportation home to arrive on site before the conclusion of camp. For any questions, please call Craig Powis at (410) 766-3612.

Central Section Frontiersmen Demonstrate Skills at Fall Trace By Julius ‘White Feather Warrior” Williamson Central Section FCF Representative

entral Section was able to welcome in two Young Bucks and one Old Timer at the 2013 Fall Trace that was held at the Hiding Place in Fredericksburg. We welcomed in Logan Marcotte and Aaron Brandel as Young Bucks and Henry Melson as an Old Timer. Those in attendance were Old Timers Randy Johnson, Ken O’Maley, Tim O’Maley, and Julius

“White Feather Warrior” Williamson. Young Bucks in attendance were Isaiah Padgett, Kolin Johnson, Sam Bryant, Caleb Richters and Eric Kennedy. We also had visitors from Outposts 48, 215 and 361 that totaled 15. It was a wonderful time with great weather, warm dry days and cool dry nights. The speaker, Rev. Alan Bosmeny, brought a great message both nights with starting one positive thing for God and stopping one bad thing in our Christian walk. He was the founding pastor of River of Life Church

and was able to renew friendship with the Johnson family. Central Section FCF had a good showing in the competitions: Sam Bryant

1st Place Young Buck Horn Blowing Kolin Johnson

2nd Place Young Buck Horn Blowing Caleb Richters

3rd Place Young Buck Horn Blowing 1st Place Young Buck Trap Setting Caleb Richters

Randy Johnson

3rd Place Old Timers Flint and Steel

The Scribe  November - December 2013

ROYAL RANGER LEADERSHIP TRAINING ACADEMY Orange Assembly of God Orange, Virginia Saturday, December 14, 2013 Registration Starts 8 a.m. Class Dismissal by 3 p.m.

Royal Ranger Leadership Training Academy to Offer ‘Ranger Basics’ and ‘Ranger Essentials’ Modules Central Section is offering the first two foundational training modules in the Rangers Ministry Academy on Saturday, Dec. 14, at Orange Assembly of God in Orange, Va. Ranger Basics is a hands-on experience that teaches Royal Ranger leaders how to run successful outpost meetings, how to use the Rangers curriculum and advancement system, and how to build healthy relationships with boys and young men. You also learn soulwinning techniques for evangelism. Ranger Essentials is an interactive-style training module. You will learn how to connect with today’s boys, along with recognizing ministry needs and outreach opportunities. You will discover how to give

life-changing devotions and how to mentor boys and young men into spiritual leaders. Any Royal Ranger leader working with an outpost in Central Section is encouraged to sign up for this training event. The event starts with registration for both training modules at 8:00 a.m. Registration information is below. The deadline for registering for this training event is Dec. 7. Prepaid registrations are required and should be made payable to Royal Rangers and mailed to Gary Wagner, 3905 Swanson Ct., Fredericksburg, Va. 22408 by the Dec. 7 registration deadline. Orange A/G is located at 12386 James Madison Hwy. in Orange, Va.

ROYAL RANGER LEADERSHIP TRAINING ACADEMY December 14, 2013 REGISTRATION FORM Name: Address: City: Email: Church:

Outpost: Phone: Zip:

Modules Offered Concurrently; Select 1 Module

□ □

Module Cost

Ranger Basics

$15.00

Ranger Essentials

$15.00

Amount Enclosed

Meal Cost

□

Breakfast & Lunch & Refreshments

$12.00

TOTAL AMOUNT ENCLOSED

Send your registration form with payment to Gary Wagner, 3905 Swanson Ct., Fredericksburg, VA 22408 The Scribe  November - December 2013 Contact information is garywagner54@aol.com or call (540) 898-7415 The deadline for registration for this training event is December 7th.

Mark Your Calendars … Sectional, district, regional and national Royal Ranger events in 2014 are listed for your planning purposes on page 8. We’re looking forward to a powerful year of ministry and encourage you to join us in the adventure! The Scribe  November - December 2013

January 11 January 24-25 February 21-22

Northeast Regional Commanders’ Conference Leadership Training Academy

March 22

Pinewood Derby

April 4-6

FCF Spring Trace

April 11

Light-for-the-Lost Banquet

April 12

Sectional Leadership Roundtable/Staff Meeting

April 26

Ranger Kids Event

May 15-18 June 21 July 14-18 July 19

Sectional Pow Wow Adventure Ranger/Expedition Ranger Event National FCF Rendezvous Sectional Leadership Roundtable/Staff Meeting

August 10-13

Junior Leadership Training Camps

August 14-17

Potomac District Pow Wow

September 5-6

Leadership Training Academy

September 13

Discovery Ranger Event

September 26-28 October 11

FCF Great Adventure Sectional Leadership Roundtable/Staff Meeting

October 24-25

Sectional Ranger of the Year

November 7-8

Sectional FCF Rendezvous

December 6 8

Sectional Leadership Roundtable/Staff Meeting

Leadership Training Academy

Isaiah Padgett is Central Section’s new Boy’s Representative.

Sectional Staff Adds New Members Isaiah Padgett has joined the sectional staff as the new Boy’s Representative. In this role, Isaiah serves as a liaison to the adult staff for younger Rangers in Central Section. The Boy’s Representative also fulfills key leadership responsibilities at sectional Royal Ranger events. Isaiah is an Expedition Ranger with Outpost 48 at Highway Assembly of God in Fredericksburg. He is a home-schooled student in his junior year. Keith Meeder has rejoined the sectional staff as the Ranger Kids Coordinator. A leader with Outpost 25 at First Assembly of God in Front Royal, Keith returns to sectional staff after a year’s sabbatical to the same position he had previously filled for over 10 years. Keith works with Ranger Kids in his outpost will apply his many years of experience serving our youngest Rangers in planning sectional events for this age group.

The Scribe  November - December 2013

A Good Report from Potomac District Safari 2013 Central Section Rangers Active Participants in Junior Training Camps, Pow Wow Competitions

By Ken O’Maley

who placed in several competitive events at Pow Wow.

Sectional Commander

s Potomac District Pow Wow 2013 got under way late Thursday, Aug. 15, the weather was almost perfect throughout the whole weekend. Thursday started off with the FCF Great Adventure at 6 p.m. as several boys and men attempted to join the #1 FCF Chapter in the country. After completing a series of testing and many duties throughout the weekend, they would find out on Saturday night if they were indeed ready to join the FCF Blue Ridge Chapter. Friday’s events involved shooting competitions which were open to all for trophies. The competitions were pellet gun and archery. Friday was also the day when GMA interviews were held throughout the day. Saturday all events were wide open from zip line to paint ball and football to BB gun and archery for fun. There were other events for trophies and medals such as bench press, fishing rodeo, swimming, basketball and trap shoot. All this surrounded the main event at 1 p.m. Teams from each section were to compete through a series of obstacles starting with a mud pit to find a set of five keys, then climb through an inflatable obstacle to a kayak that was pulled up hill to their last teammate who had to unlock a box and blow the horn. Our team consisted of Sam (48), Justin (361), Christopher (215), Spencer (48), Kolin (215), and Christopher (361). While our team did not win this event, they

Sam Bryant,

2nd place Pellet Gun

Chris Rickman,

2nd place Commander Trap Shoot Colton Gogol,

1st place Discovery Ranger Swimming Kameron Johnson,

2nd Place Discovery Ranger Swimming Kolin Johnson,

did have the most exciting time of all. As the event started we had to find the keys in the mud pit but our team had a hard time. In fact, as the other team found their keys and moved on, three commanders jumped in and tried to find the keys. After several minutes of that we found the keys. Meanwhile the other team was trying to unlock the box. As our team quickly moved through the obstacles the crowd began to cheer them on and don’t you know that we prevailed and unlocked that box before the other team. The team from Central Section NEVER GAVE UP!! What a great example it was to the other boys at Pow Wow to Never GIVE UP! This year’s memory verse was “Then one of the elders said to me ‘Do not weep! See, the lion of the tribe of Judah the root of David has triumphed. He is able to open the scroll and its seven seals’.” The services each night were very entertaining and spirit-filled as many boys’ and men’s lives were touched. A hearty congratulations and well done to the following leaders and Rangers from Central Section

1st Place Adventure Ranger Swimming Timothy O’Maley,

1st Place Commander Bench Press Rangers from Central Section who completed one of the Junior Training Camps were as follows: Junior Training Camp - Christopher Welch (361), Logan Marcotte (48). Advanced Junior Training Camp David Hannold (361), Caleb Ritchers (48). Junior Missions Camp - Aaron Brandel (48), Sam Bryant (48). Rangers serving as members of Junior Training Camp staff included Glenn Hannold and Isaiah Padgett. Rangers from Central Section also served on Ranger Patrol throughout the Pow Wow and included Caleb Richters, Aaron Brandel, Logan Marcotte, David Hannold, and Isaiah Padgett as Ranger Patrol Captain. Finally, congratulations to Central Section leader Henry Melson and Rangers Aaron Brandel and Logan Marcotte for successfully completing their FCF Great Adventure to become our newest members in the FCF Blue Ridge Chapter.

The Scribe  November - December 2013

By Curtis Cooper SMS: Dad- can I play MW3? (Modern Warfare 3 is a realistic first-person shooter game.) My Response: NoI knew my 12-year-old son was at a friend’s house for a sleepover. I also knew that his friend was an avid player of first-person shooter games. I knew I would get another response back. SMS: Why not? It doesn’t look too badMy response: Said no, we can discuss when you get homeSMS: OK-

have always encouraged my kids to be able to articulate their positions. Why do they believe what they do and can they explain their beliefs? I knew I would have to articulate my position when we discussed video games. Yes, I could point to the mature rating and say he was not old enough, but I felt I really needed to explain my position for him. WW II Problem During World War II, statistics showed that only about 15-20 percent of riflemen fired their weapons at exposed enemy soldiers. Army psychologists concluded that it was not a natural inclination for a man to kill another human. After the war, the Army set out to find a way to train new recruits to improve these statistics. There

would be a significant change at the rifle range. Prior to and during World War II, soldiers would shoot on a standard bulls-eye target to ensure they could effectively fire their weapon. Post WWII, riflemen training changed to manshaped pop-up targets that dropped when hit. This was called a “conditioned response” and is the current training for all modern combatants. 1 Conditioned Response Army psychologists understood that implementing a target simulating a person, which dropped when hit, triggered something in the shooter’s brain. Sound familiar? Now let’s couple this “conditioned response” with a teen/preteen’s brain that is in the prime time of development. With condi-

The Scribe  November - December 2013

See RESPONSE, Page 11

RESPONSE (Continued from page 10)

tioned response and a developing brain, let’s add the release of dopamine, a mood-regulating hormone, which is released when young people play video games.2 This media has been placed into a society where moral relativism is prevalent, where there is no God to sit in judgment, and where life has been devalued. Because these games are still relatively new, the statistical updates may play out in a devastating way over the next 10 to 20 years. Perhaps we are already seeing the effects of violent games with the tragic incidents perpetrated by young men with the names of Harris and Klebold, Anders Breivik, Seung-Hui Cho, James Holmes, Jared Lee Loughner, and Adam Lanza, all of whom were heavy gamers3. Now, Curtis, you certainly are not saying that if my son plays video games he will become a coldblooded killer, are you? No, of course I am not saying that. However, to allow our kids to play these video games and believe that they have absolutely no effect on them is naïve at best. There is a plethora of statistics showing just

how many violent acts our children will view in life and media by the time they reach 18 years of age and the potential effects of their viewing. The numbers are astounding. A Change of Heart Numerous times in the New Testament it is written that Jesus was moved by compassion and acted in love towards others. I could give a top 10 list of possible negative influences of violent video game use. However, it is my fear that the greatest casualty of violent video games is compassion and empathy. If our young men cannot be spurred to compassion by the Holy Spirit, we have a serious foundational problem. Without compassion they will not care for a friend in need or share the Gospel with the lost. Hardness of heart does not happen in an instant. It is an insidious, slowly creeping condition that deafens the ears and blinds the eyes of the heart over time. Let’s Talk With video game addiction on the rise, this should be an area of discussion in families and in our Royal Ranger Outposts. I regularly

challenge our Rangers to selfmonitor the amount of electronic media they are taking in. Media fasts can be a challenging and lifechanging time for our boys. Royal Rangers is a great way of getting our boys away from electronic media and out into God’s Creation. Issues around parenting can be a touchy subject, so I would encourage each parent to do their own research on this subject. However, some things are too important not to discuss. I am amazed at well-meaning parents who would never allow their boys to view pornography, and yet do not give a second thought to the effects of violent video games on them. Parents may be surprised (both positively and negatively) when you begin this conversation with your boys. Please don’t let the possible reaction deter you from having the talk with your sons. It will definitely be worth it. 1

“Behavioral Psychology,” The Problem: A Resistance to Killing. Kenneth Murray, Lt. Col. Dave Grossman, Robert Kentridge. 2000. http://www.killology.com/art_beh_problem.htm 2

“Hooked! The Addictive Power of Video Games” Tom Neven, Bob Hoose. 2013. http://www.focusonthefamily.com/parenting/ protecting_your_family/parents-guide-to-videogames/hooked-the-addictive-power-of-videogames.aspx 3

”Training Simulation” Mass Killers Often Share Obsession With Violent Video Games. Mike Jaccarino. 2013. http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2013/09/12/ training-simulation-mass-killers-often-shareobsession-with-violent-video-games/

Author Curtis Cooper has served as a Royal Ranger leader for eight years, as senior commander with Outpost 365 at Bridge Community Church in Warrenton for the past five years. He has worked with Ranger Kids, Discovery Rangers and Adventure Rangers. He started his own real estate development and construction business 10 years ago, and was in law enforcement prior to that.

The Scribe  November - December 2013

CENTRAL SECTION STAFF Sectional Commander Ken O’Maley ...................................(540) 937-6139 Email: kenomaley@aol.com Skyline Area Commander ...........................(Vacant) Shenandoah Area Commander Tony Wilson ....................................(540) 856-8423 Email: royalrangergfm369@gmail.com Allegheny Area Commander .......................(Vacant) Piedmont Area Commander Julius Williamson ...........................(540) 948-4347 Email: jwilliamson@rrcsb.org

Rangers Complete Leadership Merit Requirements at Day Camp Fourteen Rangers (top photo) from four outposts in Central Section participated in a day-long camp on Nov. 2 to complete requirements for two Leadership Merits. The event was hosted by Outpost 215 at River of Life Assembly of God in Fredericksburg. Adventure Rangers had opportunity to work on Leadership Merit 204, while Expedition Rangers studied Leadership Merit 302. In one of the team-building exercises (bottom photo), Expedition Rangers work on “un-tying” a “human” knot to form a straight line.

Highland Area Commander Royce Rollins .................................(540) 522-8653 Email: roycerllns28@gmail.com Rappahannock Area Commander Gary Wagner ..................................(540) 898-7415 Email: garywagner54@aol.com Training Coordinator .................................. (Vacant) Ranger Kids Coordinator Keith Meeder ................................ (540) 635-1906 Email: linden.meeder@hotmail.com Discovery Rangers Coordinator Dan Pignaloso .................................(540) 720-0144 Email: danpigna@yahoo.com Adventure/Expedition Rangers Coordinator Kyle Llewellyn .................................(571) 438-5210 Email: kllewellyn81@gmail.com Public Relations Coordinator Gary Wagner ................................. (540) 898-7415 Email: garywagner54@aol.com Boys’ Representative Isaiah Padgett ............................... (540) 899-2986

CENTRAL SECTION ROYAL RANGERS 11042 Settletown Pl., Rixeyville, VA 22737 Phone: (540) 937-6139 Email: kenomaley@aol.com

The Scribe  November - December 2013